TY  - JOUR
TI  - Association between self-reported prior wrist fractures and risk of subsequent hip and radiographic vertebral fractures in older women: A prospective study
T2  - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
J2  - J. Bone Miner. Res.
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
SP  - 100
EP  - 106
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1359/jbmr.2005.20.1.100
SN  - 08840431 (ISSN) 
AU  - Schousboe, J.T.
AU  - Fink, H.A.
AU  - Taylor, B.C.
AU  - Stone, K.L.
AU  - Hillier, T.A.
AU  - Nevitt, M.C.
AU  - Ensrud, K.E.
AD  - Park Nicollet Health Services, Minneapolis, MN, United States
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
AD  - Geriatric Research and Educational Center, VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
AD  - Section of General Internal Medicine, VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
AD  - Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
AD  - Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest/Hawaii, Portland, OR, United States
AD  - Section of Rheumatology, Park Nicollet Clinic, 3800 Park Nicollet Blvd., Minneapolis, MN 55416, United States
AB  - In this large prospective cohort study of elderly women, the relationships between prior wrist fracture and incident hip and radiographic vertebral fractures were significantly attenuated when adjusted for BMD. This study suggests that BMD thresholds for drug therapy to prevent osteoporotic fracture should be only modestly adjusted in those with prior wrist fracture compared with those without prior wrist fracture. Validation of such an approach would require intervention trials in patients with prior wrist fracture. Introduction: Prior wrist fracture has been identified as a risk factor for incident hip and vertebral fractures and proposed as a criterion for determining who should be offered drug therapy to prevent osteoporotic fracture, even if their hip BMD T score is > -2.5. Previously published studies of the relationships between prior wrist fracture and incident hip and vertebral fractures did not adjust for BMD. Materials and Methods: We ascertained prior history of wrist fracture since age 50, measured calcaneal and hip BMD, and performed lateral spine films in a cohort of 9704 elderly community-dwelling women, and then followed them prospectively for incident vertebral and hip fractures. Incident vertebral fractures were defined by morphometry using lateral spine radiography at the first examination and an average of 3.7 years later. Incident hip fractures were confirmed with radiographic reports over a mean follow-up period of 10.1 years. Results: Prior wrist fracture was associated with an age-adjusted 72% increased odds of incident radiographic vertebral fracture (odds ratio [OR], 1.72; 95% CI, 1.31-2.25). After adjustment for calcaneal BMD, the association of prior wrist fracture with incident radiographic vertebral fracture was attenuated (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05-1.83). Prior wrist fracture was also associated with an age-adjusted 43% excess rate of incident hip fracture (hazards ratio [HR], 1.43; 95% CI, 1.17-1.74). After adjustment for hip BMD, the association of prior wrist fracture with rate of incident hip fracture was no longer statistically significant (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.92-1.38). Conclusion: In elderly women, prior wrist fracture is a risk factor for radiographic vertebral fracture independent of BMD. The association between prior wrist fracture and incident hip fracture is largely explained by hip BMD. Modest adjustment of BMD drug treatment thresholds for prevention of osteoporotic fractures in those with prior wrist fracture compared with those without prior wrist fracture may be reasonable, but validation of such an approach would require intervention trials in patients with prior wrist fracture. © 2005 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
KW  - BMD
KW  - Hip fracture
KW  - Vertebral fracture
KW  - Wrist fracture
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - bone density
KW  - calcaneus
KW  - controlled study
KW  - demography
KW  - disease association
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - fragility fracture
KW  - hip fracture
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - morphometrics
KW  - prospective study
KW  - risk factor
KW  - scoring system
KW  - spine radiography
KW  - vertebra fracture
KW  - wrist fracture
KW  - age
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - fracture
KW  - hip fracture
KW  - incidence
KW  - radiography
KW  - risk
KW  - spine fracture
KW  - wrist injury
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Bone Density
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Fractures, Bone
KW  - Hip Fractures
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Risk
KW  - Spinal Fractures
KW  - Wrist Injuries
N1  - Cited By :37
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JBMRE
C2  - 15619675
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Schousboe, J.T.; Section of Rheumatology, Park Nicollet Clinic, 3800 Park Nicollet Blvd., Minneapolis, MN 55416, United States; email: schouj@parknicollet.com
N1  - References: Hodgson, S.F., Watts, N.B., American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 2001 Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for the prevention and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis (2001) Endocr Pract, 7, pp. 293-312; 
Kanis, J.A., Delmas, P., Burckhardt, P., Cooper, C., Torgerson, D., Guidelines for diagnosis and management of osteoporosis (1997) Osteoporos Int, 7, pp. 390-406; 
Brown, J.P., Josse, R.G., Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis in Canada (2002) CMAJ, 167 (10 SUPPL.), pp. S1-S34; 
Wainwright, S.A., Phipps, K.R., Stone, J.V., Cauley, J.A., Vogt, M.T., Black, D.M., A large proportion of fractures in postmenopausal women occur with baseline bone mineral density T-score >-2.5 (2001) J Bone Miner Res, 16, pp. S1; 
Cummings, S.R., Nevitt, M.C., Browner, W.S., Stone, K., Fox, K.M., Ensrud, K.E., Cauley, J., Vogt, T.M., Risk factors for hip fracture in white women (1995) N Engl J Med, 332, pp. 767-773; 
Wasnich, R.D., Davis, J.W., Ross, P.D., Spine fracture risk is predicted by non-spine fractures (1994) Osteoporos Int, 4, pp. 1-5; 
Taylor, B.C., Schreiner, P.J., Stone, K.L., Cummings, S.R., Nevitt, M.C., Ensrud, K.E., Long-term prediction of incident hip fracture risk in older white women (2001) J Bone Miner Res, 16, pp. S1; 
Cuddihy, M.-T., Gabriel, S.E., Crowson, C.S., Atkinson, E.J., Tabini, C., O'Fallon, W.M., Melton III, L.J., Osteoporosis intervention following distal forearm fracture: A missed opportunity? (2002) Arch Intern Med, 162, pp. 421-426; 
Kanis, J.A., Johnell, O., Oden, A., Sembo, I., Redlund-Johnell, I., Dawson, A., De Laet, C., Jonsson, B., Long-term risk of osteoporotic fracture in Malmö (2000) Osteoporos Int, 11, pp. 669-674; 
Singer, B.R., McLauchlan, G.J., Robinson, J.M., Christie, J., Epidemiology of fractures in 15,000 adults (1998) J Bone Joint Surg Br, 80, pp. 243-248; 
Huopio, J., Kröger, H., Honkanen, R., Saarikoski, S., Alhava, E., Risk factors for peri-menopausal fractures: A prospective study (2000) Osteoporos Int, 11, pp. 219-227; 
Mallmin, H., Ljunghall, S., Persson, I., Naessen, T., Krusemo, U.-B., Bergström, R., Fracture of the distal forearm as a forecaster of subsequent hip fracture: A population-based cohort study with 24 years of follow-up (1993) Calcif Tissue Int, 52, pp. 269-272; 
Lauritzen, J.B., Schwarz, P., McNair, P., Lund, B., Transbøl, I., Radial and humeral fractures as predictors of subsequent hip, radial, or humoral fractures in women, and their seasonal variation (1993) Osteoporos Int, 3, pp. 133-137; 
Cuddihy, M.-T., Gabriel, S.E., Crowson, C.S., O'Fallon, W.M., Melton III, L.J., Forearm fractures as predictors of subsequent osteoporotic fractures (1999) Osteoporos Int, 9, pp. 469-475; 
Van Staa, T.P., Leufkens, H.G.M., Cooper, C., Does a fracture at one site predict later fractures at other sites? A British cohort study (2002) Osteoporos Int, 13, pp. 624-629; 
Cummings, S.R., Black, D.M., Nevitt, M.C., Browner, W.J., Cauley, J.A., Genant, H.K., Mascioli, S.R., Vogt, T.M., Appendicular bone density and age predict hip fracture in women (1990) JAMA, 263, pp. 665-668; 
Steiger, P., Cummings, S.R., Black, D.M., Spencer, N.E., Genant, H.K., Age-related decrements in bone mineral density in women over age 65 (1992) J Bone Miner Res, 7, pp. 625-632; 
Ensrud, K.E., Palermo, L., Black, D.M., Cauley, J., Jergas, M., Orwoll, E.S., Nevitt, M.C., Cummings, S.R., Hip and calcaneal bone loss increase with advancing age: Longitudinal results from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (1995) J Bone Miner Res, 10, pp. 1778-1787; 
Black, D.M., Palermo, L., Nevitt, M.C., Genant, H.K., Christianson, L., Cummings, S.R., Defining incident vertebral deformity: A prospective comparison of several approaches (1999) J Bone Miner Res, 14, pp. 90-101; 
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Cummings, S.R., Black, D.M., Nevitt, M.C., Browner, W., Cauley, J., Ensrud, K., Genant, H.K., Vogt, T.M., Bone density at various sites for prediction of hip fractures (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 72-75; 
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Honkanen, K., Honkanen, R., Heikkinen, L., Kröger, H., Saarikoski, S., Validity of self-reports of fractures in perimenopausal women (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 150, pp. 511-516; 
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Haentjens, P., Autier, P., Collins, J., Velkeniers, B., Vanderschueren, D., Boonen, S., Colles fracture, spine fracture, and subsequent risk of hip fracture in men and women (2003) J Bone J Surg Am, 85, pp. 1936-1943
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21644449411&doi=10.1359%2fjbmr.2005.20.1.100&partnerID=40&md5=147279855fcb618e01d03e15892e97c0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Parent-child relationships and health problems in adulthood in three UK national birth cohort studies
T2  - European Journal of Public Health
J2  - Eur. J. Public Health
VL  - 15
IS  - 6
SP  - 640
EP  - 646
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1093/eurpub/cki049
SN  - 11011262 (ISSN) 
AU  - Stewart-Brown, S.L.
AU  - Fletcher, L.
AU  - Wadsworth, M.E.J.
AD  - Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
AD  - Biostatistician, Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
AD  - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Division of Health in the Community, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
AB  - Background: Event-based measures suggest that emotional adversity in childhood has a long-term health impact, but less attention has been paid to chronic emotional stressors such as family conflict, harsh discipline or lack of affection. This study aimed to assess the impact of the latter on health problems and illness in adulthood. Methods: Logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression analyses of data collected in three UK national birth cohort studies at ages 43 and 16 years covering subjective report of relationship quality from the 'child', and number of health problems and illnesses reported in adulthood at ages 43, 33 and 26 years adjusted for social class, sex and, in 1946 and 1970 cohorts, for symptoms of mental illness. Results: Reports of abuse and neglect (1946 cohort), poor quality relationship with mother and father (1958 cohort), and a range of negative relationship descriptors (1970 cohort) predicted reports of three or more illnesses or health problems in adulthood. Results were inconsistent with respect to one or two illnesses or health problems. Adjustment for sex, social class and poor mental health attenuated the odds of poor health, but measures of relationship quality retained a significant independent effect. Conclusions: Poor quality parent-child relationships could be a remediable risk factor for poor health in adulthood. © The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.
KW  - Adult health
KW  - Longitudinal studies
KW  - Parent-child relationships
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - adult disease
KW  - birth
KW  - child parent relation
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - conflict
KW  - controlled study
KW  - emotional stress
KW  - father
KW  - father child relation
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - information processing
KW  - logistic regression analysis
KW  - long term exposure
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mental disease
KW  - mental health
KW  - mother
KW  - mother child relation
KW  - multivariate logistic regression analysis
KW  - prediction
KW  - priority journal
KW  - qualitative analysis
KW  - review
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - sex ratio
KW  - social class
KW  - statistical significance
KW  - symptom
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Family Relations
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Humans
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Love
KW  - Male
KW  - Parent-Child Relations
N1  - Cited By :40
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EJPHF
C2  - 16093299
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Stewart-Brown, S.L.; Division of Health in the Community, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; email: sarah.stewart-brown@warwick.ac.uk
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-29044433845&doi=10.1093%2feurpub%2fcki049&partnerID=40&md5=7e684dc05cc923c403c112056e0ca1a5
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Work related mortality from gastrointestinal diseases and alcohol among seafarers employed in British merchant shipping from 1939 to 2002.
T2  - International maritime health.
J2  - Int Marit Health
VL  - 56
IS  - 1-4
SP  - 29
EP  - 47
PY  - 2005
SN  - 16419251 (ISSN) 
AU  - Roberts, S.E.
AD  - School of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To investigate work related mortality from gastrointestinal diseases and from alcohol among seafarers who were employed in British merchant shipping from 1939 to 2002. METHODS: A longitudinal study, based on official mortality files from 1976-2002 and official mortality returns from 1939-1975, with a population of 7.29 million seafarer-years at risk. RESULTS: From 1939 to 2002, there were 864 deaths from gastrointestinal diseases and 72 from alcoholism. Overall mortality from gastrointestinal diseases fell from 18.4 per 100,000 in 1939-49 to 9.3 in 1970-79 and 0.3 in 1990-2002. Mortality from alcoholism, and from alcohol-related diseases such as liver cirrhosis and diseases of the pancreas, increased up to the 1960s or 1970s, but fell thereafter. From 1950 to 1972, mortality from gastrointestinal diseases was 1.8 times higher among Asian seafarers compared to British seafarers, largely because of liver disease, peritonitis and peptic ulcer. At the time of the last censuses of seamen in 1961 and 1971, compared with the general British male working aged population, morality among British seafarers was greatly increased for peritonitis and alcoholism but not for most other gastrointestinal diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Sharp reductions in mortality from gastrointestinal diseases and from alcoholism since the 1970s contrasts with increases among the general British population, and are largely because of the "flagging-out" of most British deep sea ships, and consequent reductions in long voyages, as well as reductions in alcohol consumption among seafarers at work. Largely because of the healthy worker effect, seafarers were usually only at increased risks from particularly acute diseases.
KW  - alcoholism
KW  - article
KW  - commercial phenomena
KW  - gastrointestinal disease
KW  - human
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - male
KW  - medicine
KW  - mortality
KW  - occupational health
KW  - ship
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - workplace
KW  - Alcoholism
KW  - Commerce
KW  - England
KW  - Gastrointestinal Diseases
KW  - Humans
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Naval Medicine
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - Ships
KW  - Workplace
N1  - Cited By :7
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 16532583
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Roberts, S.E.email: stephen.e.roberts@swan.ac.uk
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33745545498&partnerID=40&md5=4c76f882fe1fedf99cec8b57ba164f27
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cancer incidence and cancer mortality in a cohort of UK semiconductor workers, 1970-2002
T2  - Occupational Medicine
J2  - Occup. Med.
VL  - 55
IS  - 8
SP  - 625
EP  - 630
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1093/occmed/kqi156
SN  - 09627480 (ISSN) 
AU  - Nichols, L.
AU  - Sorahan, T.
AD  - Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective: To examine cancer risks in a cohort of workers employed in the manufacture of semiconductors. Methods: The mortality (1970-2002) and cancer morbidity (1971-2001) experienced by a cohort of 1807 male and female workforce employees from a semiconductor factory in the West Midlands (UK) have been investigated. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and standardized registration ratios (SRRs) were used to assess mortality and morbidity, respectively. Results: Overall mortality was close to expectation in males [SMR 99, 95% (confidence interval) CI 79-122] and significantly below expectation in females (SMR 74, 95% CI 65-85). Incidence of all sites of cancer was somewhat elevated in males (SRR 130, 95% CI 95-173) but close to expectation in females (SRR 94, 95% CI 82-109). There were significant deficits of deaths from cancer of the oesophagus in males and females combined and from cancer of the breast in females. Significantly elevated SRRs were found in males for cancer of the rectum [Observed (Obs) 6, SRR 284, 95% CI 104-619], in females for cancer of the pancreas (Obs 10, SRR 226, 95% CI 108-415) and malignant melanoma (Obs 11, SRR 221, 95% CI 110-396) and in males and females combined for cancer of the rectum (Obs 19, SRR 199, 95% CI 120-310) and malignant melanoma (Obs 12, SRR 217, 95% CI 112-379). Detailed work history data were unavailable for analysis. The finding of excess morbidity was not mirrored in the corresponding mortality findings. Conclusions: The study found elevated morbidity for a number of cancer sites that may be unconnected with occupation. Elimination of all possible occupational causes will, however, require more detailed analyses of cancer risks in relation to exposure histories. © The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Occupational Medicine. All rights reserved.
KW  - Cohort study
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Semiconductor industry
KW  - article
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - esophagus cancer
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - industrial area
KW  - industrial worker
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - melanoma
KW  - morbidity
KW  - occupational cancer
KW  - occupational exposure
KW  - pancreas cancer
KW  - priority journal
KW  - rectum cancer
KW  - semiconductor
KW  - sex difference
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Occupational Diseases
KW  - Occupational Exposure
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Semiconductors
N1  - Cited By :22
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: OCMEE
C2  - 16234257
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Sorahan, T.; Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, United Kingdom; email: t.m.sorahan@bham.ac.uk
N1  - References: Sorahan, T., Waterhouse, J.A.H., McKiernan, M.J., Aston, R.H.R., Cancer incidence and cancer mortality in a cohort of semiconductor workers (1985) Br J Ind Med, 42, pp. 546-550; 
Sorahan, T., Pope, D.J., McKiernan, M.J., Cancer incidence and cancer mortality in a cohort of semiconductor workers: An update (1992) Br J Ind Med, 49, pp. 215-216; 
McElvenny, D.M., Darnton, A.J., Hodgson, J.T., Clarke, S.D., Elliott, R.C., Osman, J., Investigation of cancer incidence and mortality at a Scottish semiconductor manufacturing facility (2003) Occup Med (Lond), 53, pp. 419-430; 
Bailar, J.C., Greenberg, M., Farrison, R., LaDou, J., Richter, E., Watterson, A., Cancer risk in the semiconductor industry: A call for action (2002) Int J Occup Environ Health, 8, pp. 163-168; 
Fisher, J., Cancer in the semiconductor industry (2002) Arch Environ Health, 57, pp. 95-97; 
Nichols, L., Sorahan, T., Update of cancer incidence and cancer mortality in a cohort of semiconductor workers (2004), HSE Publication RR265. Sudbury: HSE Books; Coleman, M., Douglas, A., Herman, C., Peto, J., Cohort study analysis with a Fortran computer program (1986) Int J Epidemiol, 15, pp. 134-137; 
Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1987) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Volume II - The Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies, , IARC Scientific Publication No. 82. Lyon: IARC
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-30744473973&doi=10.1093%2foccmed%2fkqi156&partnerID=40&md5=5e42cbcc9d5b50593b43e12ed1219e43
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Influences of perinatal conditions on adult body size and intellectual performance: A register-based cohort study
T2  - Norsk Epidemiologi
J2  - Nor. Epidemiol.
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
SP  - 29
EP  - 40
PY  - 2005
SN  - 08032491 (ISSN) 
AU  - Eide, M.G.
AD  - Section for Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Norway
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - body size
KW  - body weight
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - environmental factor
KW  - gestational age
KW  - health status
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - intellect
KW  - intelligence quotient
KW  - male
KW  - perinatal period
KW  - register
N1  - Cited By :2
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Eide, M.G.; Section for Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of BergenNorway; email: martha.eide@mfr.uib.no
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Bakketeig, L.S., Cnattingius, S., Knudsen, L.B., Socioeconomic differences in fetal and infant mortality in Scandinavia (1993) J Public Health Policy, 14, pp. 82-90; 
Cavelaars, A.E., Kunst, A.E., Geurts, J.J., Crialesi, R., Grotvedt, L., Helmert, U., Differences in self reported morbidity by educational level: A comparison of 11 western European countries (1998) J Epidemiol Community Health, 52, pp. 219-227; 
Winkleby, M.A., Jatulis, D.E., Frank, E., Fortmann, S.P., Socioeconomic status and health: How education, income, and occupation contribute to risk factors for cardiovascular disease (1992) Am J Public Health, 82, pp. 816-820; 
Emanuel, I., Kimpo, C., Moceri, V., The association of grandmaternal and maternal factors with maternal adult stature (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 1243-1248; 
Eriksson, J.G., The fetal origins hypothesis - 10 Years on (2005) BMJ, 330, pp. 1096-1097
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-32244433156&partnerID=40&md5=78ee2e4a3f5af977db0ef78bbeddd252
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Impact of life course determinants on work participation among young Norwegian men
T2  - Norsk Epidemiologi
J2  - Nor. Epidemiol.
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
SP  - 65
EP  - 74
PY  - 2005
SN  - 08032491 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kristensen, P.
AU  - Bjerkedal, T.
AU  - Irgens, L.M.
AU  - Gravseth, H.M.
AU  - Brevik, J.I.
AD  - National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
AD  - Section for Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Institute of General Practice and Community Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
AD  - Division of Military Medical Research and Development, Joint Norwegian Medical Services, Oslo, Norway
AD  - Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Locus of Registry Based Epidemiology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
AD  - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
AD  - National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149, 0033 Oslo, Norway
AB  - Background: We have earlier found that birthweight below the mean, parental factors, and childhood disease were associated with unemployment at age 29. We reanalysed data because we wanted to examine if the association between birthweight and subsequent unemployment was mediated by intellectual performance at conscript. Methods: Through linkage between several national registers, containing personal information from birth into adult age, we established a longitudinal, population-based cohort. Study participants were all 158 026 male singletons born in Norway in 1967-1971 as registered by the Medical Birth Registry of Norway who were national residents at age 29. Study outcome was unemployment defined as a lack of personal income among persons who were not under education in the calendar year of their 29th birthday. We computed unemployment risk in separate strata, and adjusted risk ratios and population attributable risks as measures of association and impact, respectively. Results: The association between birthweight and unemployment found earlier was mainly mediated through intellectual performance at conscript, in accordance with the study hypothesis. Birthweight, childhood disease and seven parental factors relating to income, disability, and family pattern, were independently associated with subsequent unemployment, each with population attributable risks ranging from 2% to 12%. Intellectual performance in young adult age, educational attainment, and marital status contributed substantially to the unemployment risk. Conclusion: Differentials in work participation among young men emerge in childhood. Circumstances throughout the life course contribute to the unemployment risk.
KW  - Adult
KW  - Birthweight
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Education
KW  - Employment
KW  - Follow-up studies
KW  - Intellectual Performance
KW  - Social Environment
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - childhood disease
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - disability
KW  - education
KW  - family
KW  - human
KW  - income
KW  - intellect
KW  - life event
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - male
KW  - marriage
KW  - Norway
KW  - outcome assessment
KW  - register
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - unemployment
N1  - Cited By :3
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kristensen, P.; National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 8149, 0033 Oslo, Norway; email: petter.kristensen@stami.no
N1  - References: Kristensen, P., Bjerkedal, T., Irgens, L.M., Birthweight and work participation in adulthood (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 849-856; 
Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Birthweight, postnatal growth and cognitive function in a national UK birth cohort (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 342-348; 
Jefferis, B.J.M.H., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 305-308; 
Martyn, C.N., Gale, C.R., Sayer, A.A., Fall, C., Growth in utero and cognitive function in adult life: Follow up study of people born between 1920 and 1943 (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 1393-1397; 
Toft Sørensen, H., Sabroe, S., Olsen, J., Rothman, K.J., Gillman, M.W., Fischer, P., Birth weight and cognitive function in young adult life: Historical cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 401-403; 
Seidman, D.S., Laor, A., Gale, R., Stevenson, D.K., Mashiach, S., Danon, Y.L., Birth weight and intellectual performance in late adolescence (1992) Obstet Gynecol, 79, pp. 543-546; 
Lundgren, E.M., Cnattingius, S., Jonsson, B., Tuvemo, T., Birth characteristics and different dimensions of intellectual performance in young males: A nationwide population-based study (2003) Acta Paediatr, 92, pp. 1138-1143; 
Ericson, A., Källén, B., Very low birthweight boys at the age of 19 (1998) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 78, pp. F171-F174; 
Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive ability in childhood: A systematic review (2004) Psychol Bull, 130, pp. 989-1013; 
Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Rush, M.A., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish Mental Survey 1932 (2001) Arch Dis Child, 85, pp. 189-197; 
Lawlor, D.A., Bor, W., O'Callaghan, M.J., Williams, G.M., Najman, J.M., Intrauterine growth and intelligence within sibling pairs: Findings from the Mater-University study of pregnancy and its outcomes (2004) J Epidemiol Community Health, 59, pp. 279-282; 
Matte, T.D., Bresnahan, M., Begg, M.D., Susser, E., Influence of variation in birth weight within normal range and within sibships on IQ at age 7 years: Cohort study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 310-314; 
Osler, M., Andersen, A.-M.N., Due, P., Lund, R., Damsgaard, M.T., Holstein, B.E., Socioeconomic position in early life, birth weight, childhood cognitive function, and adult mortality. A longitudinal study of Danish men born in 1953 (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 681-686; 
Record, R.G., McKeown, T., Edwards, J.H., The relation of measured intelligence to birth weight and duration of gestation (1969) Ann Hum Genet, 33, pp. 71-79; 
Weindrich, D., Jennen-Steinmetz, C., Laucht, M., Schmidt, M.H., Late sequelae of low birthweight: Mediators of poor school performance at 11 years (2003) Dev Med Child Neurol, 45, pp. 463-469; 
Hansen, B.M., Dinesen, J., Hoff, B., Greisen, G., Intelligence in preterm children at four years of age as a predictor of school function: A longitudinal controlled study (2002) Dev Med Child Neurol, 44, pp. 517-521; 
Kuh, D., Richards, M., Hardy, R., Butterworth, S., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Childhood cognitive ability and deaths up until middle age: A post-war birth cohort study (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 408-413; 
Irgens, L.M., Epidemiological research and surveillance throughout 30 years (2000) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 79, pp. 435-439. , The Medical Birth Registry of Norway; 
(1997) Births in Norway Through 30 Years, , Bergen: Medical Birth Registry of Norway; 
Sundet, J.M., Barlaug, D.G., Torjussen, T.M., The end of the Flynn effect? A study of secular trends in the mean intelligence test scores of Norwegian conscripts during half a century (2004) Intelligence, 32, pp. 349-362; 
(2003) Norwegian Standard Classification of Education. Revised 2000, , Oslo-Kongsvinger: Statistics Norway; 
Greenland, S., Model-based estimation of relative risks and other epidemiologic measures in studies of common outcomes and in case-control studies (2004) Am J Epidemiol, 160, pp. 301-305; 
Ben-Shlomo, Y., Kuh, D., A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 285-293; 
Victora, C.G., Huttly, S.R., Fuchs, S.C., Olinto, M.T.A., The role of conceptual frameworks in epidemiological analysis: A hierarchical approach (1997) Int J Epidemiol, 26, pp. 224-227; 
Lamont, D., Parker, L., White, M., Unwin, N., Bennett, S.M.A., Cohen, M., Richardson, D., Craft, A.W., Risk of cardiovascular disease measured by carotid intima-media thickness at age 49-51: Lifecourse study (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 273-278; 
Weitkunat, R., Wildner, M., Exploratory causal modeling in epidemiology: Are all factors created equal? (2002) J Clin Epidemiol, 55, pp. 436-444; 
Greenland, S., Pearl, J., Robins, J.M., Causal diagrams for epidemiologic research (1999) Epidemiology, 10, pp. 37-48; 
Greenland, S., Application of stratified analysis methods (1997) Modern Epidemiology. 2nd Edition, pp. 281-300. , Rothman KJ, Greenland S, editors. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 
Hosmer, D.W., Lemeshow, S., Confidence interval estimation of interaction (1992) Epidemiology, 3, pp. 452-456; 
Kristensen, P., Bjerkedal, T., Brevik, J.I., Long term effects of parental disability: A register based life course follow-up of Norwegians born in 1967-1976 (2004) Nor J Epidemiol, 14, pp. 97-105
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-32244441891&partnerID=40&md5=c06f58fdc3fb66ac3233f2a7196ed6c8
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Early education and children's outcomes: How long do the impacts last?
T2  - Fiscal Studies
J2  - Fisc. Stud.
VL  - 26
IS  - 4
SP  - 513
EP  - 548
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1111/j.1475-5890.2005.00022.x
SN  - 01435671 (ISSN) 
AU  - Goodman, A.
AU  - Sianesi, B.
AD  - Institute for Fiscal Studies, United Kingdom
AB  - We evaluate the effects of undergoing any early education (before the compulsory starting age of 5) and of pre-school on a cohort of British children born in 1958. In contrast to most available studies, we are able to assess whether any effects on cognition and socialisation are long-lasting, as well as to estimate their net impact on subsequent educational attainment and labour market performance. Controlling for a particularly rich set of child, parental, family and neighbourhood characteristics, we find some positive and long-lasting effects from early education. Specifically, pre-compulsory education (pre-school or school entry prior to age 5) was found to yield large improvements in cognitive tests at age 7, which, though diminished in size, remained significant throughout the schooling years, up to age 16. By contrast, attendance of pre-school (nursery or playgroup) was found to yield a positive but short-lived impact on test scores. The effects on socialisation appear to be more mixed: we found some positive, though short-lasting, effects of pre-compulsory education on teachers reports of social adjustment (only at age 7); on the other hand, we found some adverse behavioural effects according to parental reports at age 7 which persisted up to age 11. In adulthood, pre-compulsory education was found to increase the probabilities of obtaining qualifications and of being employed at age 33. For both pre-compulsory education and pre-school per se, we found evidence of a marginally significant 3-4 per cent wage gain at age 33. © Institute for Fiscal Studies, 2005.
N1  - Cited By :31
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Goodman, A.; Institute for Fiscal StudiesUnited Kingdom; email: a.goodman@ifs.org.uk
N1  - References: Barnett, W.S., Long-term effects of early childhood programs on cognitive and school outcomes (1995) The Future of Children, 5 (3), pp. 25-50; 
Blackstone, T., (1971) A Fair Start: The Provision of Pre-school Education, , London School of Economics Studies on Education, London: Allen Lane The Penguin Press; 
Blundell, R., Dearden, L., Sianesi, B., Evaluating the effect of education on earnings: Models, methods and results from the National Child Development Survey (2005) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 168, pp. 473-512; 
Cleveland, G., Krashinsky, M., (1998) The Benefits and Costs of Good Child Care - The Economic Rationale for Public Investment in Young Children: A Policy Study, , Toronto: Childcare Resource and Research Unit, Department of Economics, University of Toronto; 
Currie, J., Early childhood education programs (2001) Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15, pp. 213-238; 
(1999) EPPE - The Effective Provision of Pre-School Education Project, , http://k1.ioe.ac.uk/schools/ecpe/eppe/, London: DfES and Institute of Education, University of London; 
Feinstein, L., Inequality in the early cognitive development of British children in the 1970 cohort (2003) Economica, 70, pp. 73-97; 
Robertson, D., Symons, J., Pre-school education and attainment in the NCDS and BCS (1998) Human Resources Programme Paper No. 382, 382. , Centre for Economic Performance; 
Karoly, L.A., Greenwood, P.W., Everingham, S.S., Hoube, J., Kilburn, M.R., Rydell, C.P., Sanders, M., Chiesa, J., (1998) Investing in Our Children: What We Know and Dont Know about the Costs and Benefits of Early Childhood Interventions, , Santa Monica, CA: RAND; 
Krueger, A.B., Experimental estimates of education production functions (1999) Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114, pp. 497-532; 
Magnuson, K.A., Ruhm, C.J., Waldfogel, J., Does prekindergarten improve school preparation and performance? (2004) Working Paper No. 10452, , National Bureau of Economic Research; 
(1993) Study of Early Child Care (SECC), , http://www.nichd.nih.gov/od/secc/pubs.htm, Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; 
Osborn, A.F., Milbank, J.E., (1987) The Effects of Early Education: A Report from the Child Health and Education Study, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; 
Sammons, P., Sylva, K., Melhuish, E.C., Siraj-Blatchford, I., Taggart, B., Elliot, K., Marsh, A., (2004) The Continuing Effects of Pre-School Education at Age 7 Years, , Effective Provision of Pre-School Education (EPPE) Project, Technical Paper no. 11, London: DfES and Institute of Education, University of London; 
Todd, P.E., Wolpin, K.I., On the specification and estimation of the production function for cognitive achievement (2003) Economic Journal, 113, pp. F3-33; 
Waldfogel, J., Early childhood interventions and outcomes (1999) CASEpaper No. 21, 21. , London: Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics
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ER  - 

TY  - SER
TI  - Survival and complications in thalassemia
T2  - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
J2  - Ann. New York Acad. Sci.
VL  - 1054
SP  - 40
EP  - 47
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1196/annals.1345.006
SN  - 00778923 (ISSN) 
AU  - Borgna-Pignatti, C.
AU  - Cappellini, M.D.
AU  - De Stefano, P.
AU  - Del Vecchio, G.C.
AU  - Forni, G.L.
AU  - Gamberini, M.R.
AU  - Ghilardi, R.
AU  - Origa, R.
AU  - Piga, A.
AU  - Romeo, M.A.
AU  - Zhao, H.
AU  - Cnaan, A.
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
AD  - Department of Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore-Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
AD  - Division of Pediatrics, Ospedali Galliera, Geneva, Italy
AD  - Division of Pediatrics, Ferrara Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
AD  - Ospedale Microcitemico, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
AD  - Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
AB  - The life expectancy of patients with thalassemia major has significantly increased in recent years, as reported by several groups in different countries. However, complications are still frequent and affect the patients' quality of life. In a recent study from the United Kingdom, it was found that 50% of the patients had died before age 35. At that age, 65% of the patients from an Italian long-term study were still alive. Heart disease is responsible for more than half of the deaths. The prevalence of complications in Italian patients born after 1970 includes heart failure in 7%, hypogonadism in 55%, hypothyroidism in 11%, and diabetes in 6%. Similar data were reported in patients from the United States. In the Italian study, lower ferritin levels were associated with a lower probability of experiencing heart failure and with prolonged survival. Osteoporosis and osteopenia are common and affect virtually all patients. Hepatitis C virus antibodies are present in 85% of multitransfused Italian patients, 23% of patients in the United Kingdom, 35% in the United States, 34% in France, and 21% in India. Hepatocellular carcinoma can complicate the course of hepatitis. A survey of Italian centers has identified 23 such cases in patients with a thalassemia syndrome. In conclusion, rates of survival and complication-free survival continue to improve, due to better treatment strategies. New complications are appearing in long-term survivors. Iron overload of the heart remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality. © 2005 New York Academy of Sciences.
KW  - Causes of death
KW  - Chelation
KW  - Hemosiderosis
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Survival
KW  - Thalassemia
KW  - hepatitis C antibody
KW  - blood transfusion
KW  - cause of death
KW  - conference paper
KW  - diabetes mellitus
KW  - France
KW  - heart disease
KW  - heart failure
KW  - hepatitis
KW  - human
KW  - hypogonadism
KW  - hypothyroidism
KW  - India
KW  - iron overload
KW  - Italy
KW  - life expectancy
KW  - liver cell carcinoma
KW  - morbidity
KW  - mortality
KW  - osteopenia
KW  - osteoporosis
KW  - quality of life
KW  - survival rate
KW  - thalassemia major
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - beta-Thalassemia
KW  - Blood Transfusion
KW  - Bone Diseases, Metabolic
KW  - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
KW  - Cardiomyopathies
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Chelation Therapy
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Diabetes Mellitus
KW  - Disease-Free Survival
KW  - Female
KW  - Ferritins
KW  - Hepatitis C
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypogonadism
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Iron Overload
KW  - Italy
KW  - Life Expectancy
KW  - Liver Neoplasms
KW  - Male
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Multicenter Studies
KW  - Osteoporosis
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Hepatitis C virus
N1  - Cited By :219
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Conference Paper
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ANYAA
C2  - 16339650
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Borgna-Pignatti, C.; Clinica Pediatrica, Università di Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; email: c.borgna@unife.it
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Ferritins, 9007-73-2
N1  - References: Thomas, E.D., Buckner, C.D., Sanders, J.E., Marrow transplantation for thalassaemia (1982) Lancet, 2, pp. 227-229; 
Borgna-Pinatti, C., Rugolotto, S., De Stefano, P., (2004) Survival and Complications in Patients with Thalassemia Major Treated with Transfusion and Deferoxamine, 89, pp. 1187-1193; 
Prati, D., Zanella, A., Farma, E., A multicenter prospective study on the risk of acquiring liver disease in anti-hepatitis C virus negative patients affected from homozygous beta-thalassemia (1998) Blood, 92, pp. 3460-3464; 
Cunningham, M.J., Macklin, E.A., Neufeld, E.J., Cohen, A.R., Thalassemia Clinical Research Network. Complications of beta-thalassemia major in North America (2004) Blood, 104, pp. 34-39; 
Borgna Pignatti, C., Vergine, G., Lombardo, T., Hepatocellular carcinoma in the thalassemia syndromes (2004) Br. J. Haematol., 124, pp. 114-117; 
Mancuso, A., Rigano, P., Renda, D., Hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhosis-free liver in a HCV-infected thalassemic (2005) Am. J. Hematol., 78, pp. 158-159; 
Borgna Pignatti, C., Carnelli, V., Caruso, V., Thromboembolic events in beta thalassemia major: An Italian multicenter study (1998) Acta Haematol., 99, pp. 76-79; 
Eldor, A., Durst, R., Hy-Am, E., A chronic hypercoagulable state in patients with beta-thalassaemia major is already present in childhood (1999) Br. J. Haematol., 107, pp. 739-746; 
Cappellini, M.D., Robbiolo, L., Bottasso, B.M., Venous thromboembolism and hypercoagulability in splenectomized patients with thalassaemia intermedia (2000) Br. J. Haematol., 111, pp. 467-473; 
Skordis, N., Christou, S., Koliou, M., Fertility in female patients with thalassemia (1998) J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab., 11, pp. 935-943; 
Angastiniotis, M., Pavlides, N., Aristidou, K., Bone pain in thalassaemia: Assessment of DEXA and MRI findings (1998) J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab., 11, pp. 779-784; 
Jensen, C.E., Tuck, S.M., Agnew, J.E., High incidence of osteoporosis in thalassaemia major (1998) J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab., 11, pp. 975-977; 
Modell, B., Khan, M., Darlison, M., Survival in beta-thalassaemia major in the UK: Data from the UK Thalassaemia Register (2000) Lancet, 355, pp. 2051-2052; 
Piga, A., Longo, F., Consolati, A., Mortality and morbidity in thalassemia with conventional treatment. Third International Conference on Bone Marrow Transplantation in Thalassemia (1997) Bone Marrow Transplant., 19, pp. 11-13; 
Anderson, L.J., Wonke, B., Prescott, E., Comparison of effects of oral deferiprone and subcutaneous desferrioxamine on myocardial iron concentrations and ventricular function in beta-thalassaemia (2002) Lancet, 360, pp. 516-520; 
Pennell, D.J., Sechtem, U.P., Higgins, C.B., Clinical indications for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR): Consensus Panel report (2004) J. Cardiovasc. Magn. Reson., 6, pp. 727-765; 
Hershko, C., Link, G., Konijn, A.M., The iron-loaded gerbil model revisited: Effects of deferoxamine and deferiprone treatment (2002) J. Lab. Clin. Med., 139, pp. 50-58; 
Piga, A., Gaglioti, C., Fogliacco, E., Tricta, F., Comparative effects of deferiprone and deferoxamine on survival and cardiac disease in patients with thalassemia major: A retrospective analysis (2003) Haematologica, 88, pp. 489-496; 
Hershko, C., Cappellini, M.D., Galanello, R., Purging iron from the heart (2004) Br. J. Haematol., 125, pp. 545-551; 
Origa, R., Fiumana, E., Gamberini, M.R., Osteoporosis in β-thalassemia: Clinical and genetic aspects (2005) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1054, pp. 451-456
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-29744459415&doi=10.1196%2fannals.1345.006&partnerID=40&md5=196ecefa2b5f62aac91536a432e58aa3
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Monitoring the decrease in breast cancer mortality in Europe
T2  - European Journal of Cancer Prevention
J2  - Eur.J. Cancer Prev.
VL  - 14
IS  - 6
SP  - 497
EP  - 502
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1097/00008469-200512000-00002
SN  - 09598278 (ISSN) 
AU  - Levi, F.
AU  - Bosetti, C.
AU  - Lucchini, F.
AU  - Negri, E.
AU  - La Vecchia, C.
AD  - Registres Vaudois et Neuchâtelois des Tumeurs, Institut Universitaire de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, CHUV-Falaises 1, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
AD  - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy
AD  - Unité d'Épidémiologie du Cancer, Institut Universitaire de Médecine Sociale et Préventive, Bugnon 17, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
AD  - Istituto di Biometria e Statistica Medica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
AD  - Registre Vaudois des Tumeurs, CHUV-Falaises 1, CH 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
AB  - Trends in mortality from breast cancer over the period 1970-2000 were analysed for 38 European countries and the European Union (EU). Age-standardized mortality rates were computed by the direct method, and joinpoint analysis was used to identify significant changes in rates. A favourable pattern in breast cancer mortality in the 25 countries of the EU (as defined in May 2004) was observed after 1989, leading to a fall in overall rates from 21.3/ 100 000 in 1990 to 18.9 in 2000. The annual percentage change in the EU was -2.1% between 1995 and 2000. Most northern European countries, including several Scandinavian countries and the UK, but also some central and southern European countries like Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Austria, Switzerland, Italy and Spain showed appreciable falls in rates (i.e. between 8 and 19% in the last 5 calendar years). The declines were larger below age 50, approaching 20% in several countries. The falls were smaller in France, Greece, Portugal and most eastern European countries. In the Russian Federation, all-age breast cancer mortality increased from 16.1 to 17.3/ 100 000 (+7.5% over the last 5 calendar years). These patterns reflect converging trends in breast cancer rates across Europe, which can be related to the more uniform reproductive and lifestyle habits. The fall in breast cancer mortality observed in most European countries over the last decade has to be attributed to earlier detection and improved treatment, although the definite reasons for the different trends in various countries remain at least in part unclear. © 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
KW  - Breast cancer
KW  - Europe
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Trends
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - Austria
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - cancer diagnosis
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cancer therapy
KW  - Czech Republic
KW  - Europe
KW  - European Union
KW  - female
KW  - France
KW  - Germany
KW  - Greece
KW  - human
KW  - Italy
KW  - lifestyle
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - monitoring
KW  - Poland
KW  - Portugal
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Russian Federation
KW  - Scandinavia
KW  - sexual behavior
KW  - Spain
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Breast Neoplasms
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Death Certificates
KW  - Epidemiologic Studies
KW  - Europe
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Population Surveillance
N1  - Cited By :85
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EJUPE
C2  - 16284493
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Levi, F.; Registre Vaudois des Tumeurs, CHUV-Falaises 1, CH 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; email: fabio.levi@hospvd.ch
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-28044472458&doi=10.1097%2f00008469-200512000-00002&partnerID=40&md5=25889e70d28ec94195d2982a3dd03ea5
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Excess mortality in Black compared with White patients with Type 1 diabetes: An examination of underlying causes
T2  - Diabetic Medicine
J2  - Diabetic Med.
VL  - 22
IS  - 12
SP  - 1636
EP  - 1641
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01671.x
SN  - 07423071 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bosnyak, Z.
AU  - Nishimura, R.
AU  - Hughes, M.H.
AU  - Tajima, N.
AU  - Becker, D.
AU  - Tuomilehto, J.
AU  - Orchard, T.J.
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
AD  - Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA, United States
AD  - Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Diabetes and Lipid Research, University of Pittsburgh, 3512 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
AB  - Aims: Excess mortality in Type 1 diabetes has previously been found among Black individuals. The aim of the present study was therefore to determine underlying causes. Methods: A longitudinal study of 1261 [1184 White (93.9%) and 76 Black (6.0%)] individuals diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes between 1965 and 1979, at age < 17 years from the Allegheny County, Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh registries. Subjects were contacted in 1999 to determine living status and, where appropriate, cause of death. Living status was determined in 1183 participants (93.8%). Results: Of the 200 deaths overall, cause of death was determined in 157 subjects (79%); 31 dying from acute and 101 from chronic complications, and 25 from non-diabetes related causes. Seven deaths were investigated but no cause determined. Black participants had a significantly higher mortality rate compared with White participants for acute complications (hazard ratio = 4.9, 95% confidence interval: 2.0, 11.6), but not for any other cause. There was a temporal decline in the 20-year mortality rates in both racial groups across the three cohorts diagnosed in 1965-69, 1970-74 and 1975-79. Conclusions: These results show that the excess mortality in Black people was attributed to acute complications which therefore should be a focus for prevention. © 2005 Diabetes UK.
KW  - Acute complications
KW  - Cause-specific mortality
KW  - Race
KW  - Type 1 diabetes
KW  - adult
KW  - African American
KW  - article
KW  - cause of death
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - comparative study
KW  - confidence interval
KW  - controlled study
KW  - diabetic coma
KW  - diabetic ketoacidosis
KW  - European American
KW  - female
KW  - hazard assessment
KW  - human
KW  - hyperglycemia
KW  - hypoglycemia
KW  - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - African Americans
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
KW  - European Continental Ancestry Group
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Pennsylvania
N1  - Cited By :17
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: DIMEE
C2  - 16401305
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Orchard, T.J.; Diabetes and Lipid Research, University of Pittsburgh, 3512 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; email: tjo@pitt.edu
N1  - References: Dorman, J.S., Laporte, R.E., Kuller, L.H., Cruickshanks, K.J., Orchard, T.J., Wagener, D.K., The Pittsburgh insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) morbidity and mortality study. Mortality results (1984) Diabetes, 33, pp. 271-276; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-30044438173&doi=10.1111%2fj.1464-5491.2005.01671.x&partnerID=40&md5=db40cda24365f2b446acc988ed1e6974
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Rethinking the youth phase of the life-course: The case for Emerging Adulthood?
T2  - Journal of Youth Studies
J2  - J. Youth Stud.
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
SP  - 367
EP  - 384
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1080/13676260500431628
SN  - 13676261 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bynner, J.
AD  - Bedford Group for Life Course and Statistical Studies, Institute of Education, University of London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H OAL, United Kingdom
AB  - A whole flurry of new thinking and research about young people in the USA has been stimulated by Jeffery Arnett's theory of 'Emerging Adulthood'. This argues for recognition of a new stage of the life-course between adolescence and adulthood reflecting the extension of youth transitions to independence brought about by globalization and technological change. Although the perspective aligns with developmental psychology's conception of 'stages of development', its appeal extends across the social science disciplines and policy domains. However, the rich theorizing of the same manifestations of social change in young people's experience in European Youth Studies appear to have been largely overlooked by Arnett. This paper attempts to redress this balance by drawing into the framework of Emerging Adulthood a wider set of theoretical concerns with structural factors and exclusion mechanisms to which (late) modern youth are subjected. The argument is exemplified by age-30 cohort comparisons across three British longitudinal studies starting in 1946, 1958 and 1970, demonstrating rising opportunities accompanied by increased social inequality. The paper concludes with a re-appraisal of the concept of youth as a phase of the late modern life-course in which the properties Arnett attributes to Emergent Adulthood are just one significant feature.
N1  - Cited By :196
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Bynner, J.; Bedford Group for Life Course and Statistical Studies, Institute of Education, University of London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H OAL, United Kingdom; email: jb@bg.ioe.ac.uk
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-29244463364&doi=10.1080%2f13676260500431628&partnerID=40&md5=a66c62fd076b42d364e23ce4c997f65a
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The effect of breastfeeding on mean body mass index throughout life: A quantitative review of published and unpublished observational evidence
T2  - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
J2  - Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 82
IS  - 6
SP  - 1298
EP  - 1307
PY  - 2005
SN  - 00029165 (ISSN) 
AU  - Owen, C.G.
AU  - Martin, R.M.
AU  - Whincup, P.H.
AU  - Davey-Smith, G.
AU  - Gillman, M.W.
AU  - Cook, D.G.
AD  - Division of Community Health Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA, United States
AD  - Division of Community Health Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom
AB  - Background: Evidence from observational studies has suggested that breastfeeding may reduce the prevalence of obesity in later life. Objective: The objective was to examine whether initial breastfeeding is related to lower mean body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) throughout life. Design: The study was a systematic review of published studies investigating the association between infant feeding and a measure of obesity or adiposity in later life, which was supplemented with data from unpublished sources. Analyses were based on the mean differences in BMI between those subjects who were initially breastfed and those who were formula-fed (expressed as breastfed minus bottle-fed), which were pooled by using fixed-effects models throughout. Results: From 70 eligible studies, 36 mean differences in BMI (from 355 301 subjects) between those breastfed and those formula-fed (reported as exclusive feeding in 20 studies) were obtained. Breastfeeding was associated with a slightly lower mean BMI than was formula feeding (-0.04; 95% CI: -0.05, -0.02). The mean difference in BMIs appeared larger in 15 small studies of &lt;1000 subjects (-0.19; 95% CI: -0.31, -0.08) and smaller in larger studies of ≥1000 subjects (-0.03; 95% CI: -0.05, -0.02). An Egger test was statistically significant (P = 0.002). Adjustment for socioeconomic status, maternal smoking in pregnancy, and maternal BMI in 11 studies abolished the effect (-0.10; 95% CI: -0.14, -0.06 before adjustment; -0.01; 95% CI: -0.05, 0.03 after adjustment). Conclusions: Mean BMI is lower among breastfed subjects. However, the difference is small and is likely to be strongly influenced by publication bias and confounding factors. Promotion of breastfeeding, although important for other reasons, is not likely to reduce mean BMI. © 2005 American Society for Nutrition.
KW  - Body mass index
KW  - Infant feeding
KW  - Systematic review
KW  - artificial milk
KW  - body mass
KW  - breast feeding education
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - human
KW  - infant feeding
KW  - obesity
KW  - outcome assessment
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - publication
KW  - quantitative analysis
KW  - review
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - adult
KW  - artificial milk
KW  - baby food
KW  - breast feeding
KW  - breast milk
KW  - clinical trial
KW  - female
KW  - infant
KW  - infant nutrition
KW  - male
KW  - meta analysis
KW  - newborn
KW  - obesity
KW  - risk
KW  - risk factor
KW  - Adult
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Breast Feeding
KW  - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant Food
KW  - Infant Formula
KW  - Infant Nutrition Physiology
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Male
KW  - Milk, Human
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Risk Factors
N1  - Cited By :308
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJCNA
C2  - 16332664
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Owen, C.G.; Division of Community Health Sciences, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom; email: c.owen@sgul.ac.uk
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-32144453859&partnerID=40&md5=84041b3c81f898fd7fb94c0d85eb15bf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The relationship between childbearing and transitions from marriage and cohabitation in Britain
T2  - Demography
J2  - Demography
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
SP  - 647
EP  - 673
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1353/dem.2005.0038
SN  - 00703370 (ISSN) 
AU  - Steele, F.
AU  - Kallis, C.
AU  - Goldstein, H.
AU  - Joshi, H.
AD  - University of Bristol, 35 Berkeley Square, Bristol BS8 1JA, United Kingdom
AD  - Institute of Education, University of London, London, United Kingdom
AB  - In this article, we describe a general framework for the analysis of correlated event histories, with an application to a study of partnership transitions and fertility among a cohort of British women. Using a multilevel, multistate competing-risks model, we examine the relationship between prior fertility outcomes (the presence and characteristics of children and current pregnancy) and the dissolution of marital and cohabiting unions and movements from cohabitation to marriage. Using a simultaneous-equations model, we model these partnership transitions jointly with fertility, allowing for correlation between the unobserved woman-level characteristics that affect each process. The analysis is based on the partnership and birth histories that were collected for the 1958 birth cohort (National Child Development Study) aged 16-42. The findings indicate that preschool children have a stabilizing effect on their parents' partnership, whether married or cohabiting, but the effect is weaker for older children. There is also evidence that although pregnancy precipitates marriage among cohabitors, the odds of marriage decline to prepregnancy levels following a birth.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - birth rate
KW  - child
KW  - child parent relation
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - comparative study
KW  - demography
KW  - divorce
KW  - education
KW  - female
KW  - fertility
KW  - human
KW  - marriage
KW  - parity
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - proportional hazards model
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - social class
KW  - spouse
KW  - statistics
KW  - time
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Birth Rate
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Divorce
KW  - Female
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Marital Status
KW  - Marriage
KW  - Parent-Child Relations
KW  - Parity
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Proportional Hazards Models
KW  - Residence Characteristics
KW  - Social Mobility
KW  - Spouses
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :59
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 16463915
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Steele, F.; Centre for Multilevel Modelling, Graduate School of Education, University of Bristol, 35 Berkeley Square, Bristol BS8 1JA, United Kingdom; email: Fiona.Steele@bristol.ac.uk
N1  - References: Aassve, A., Burgess, S., Propper, C., Dickson, M., "Employment, Family Union, and Child-bearing Decisions in Great Britain" (2004), Working paper. Institute of Economic and Social Research, University of Essex, Essex, England; Aassve, A., Burgess, S., Propper, C., Dickson, M., "Change and Continuity in Family Formation Among Young Adults in Britain" (2003), S3RI Applications and Policy Working Paper A03/04. Southampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute, University of Southampton, Southampton, England; Berrington, A., Diamond, I., "Marital Dissolution Among the 1958 British Birth Cohort: The Role of Cohabitation" (1999) Population Studies, 53, pp. 19-38; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33646542368&doi=10.1353%2fdem.2005.0038&partnerID=40&md5=1da3e0cddbb09813c15bc8703c827776
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Does birth weight predict childhood diet in the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children?
T2  - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
J2  - J. Epidemiol. Community Health
VL  - 59
IS  - 11
SP  - 955
EP  - 960
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1136/jech.2005.034413
SN  - 0143005X (ISSN) 
AU  - Shultis, W.A.
AU  - Leary, S.D.
AU  - Ness, A.R.
AU  - Bain, C.J.
AU  - Emmett, P.M.
AD  - Unit of Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Department of Community-Based Medicine, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
AD  - Unit of Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Department of Community-Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
AD  - School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
AB  - Study objective: Low birth weight predicts cardiovascular disease in adulthood, and one possible explanation is that children with lower birth weight consume more fat than those born heavier. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate associations between birth weight and childhood diet, and in particular, to test the hypothesis that birth weight is inversely related to total and saturated fat intake. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: South west England. Participants: A subgroup of children enrolled in the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children, with data on birth weight and also diet at ages 8, 18, 43 months, and 7 years (1152, 998, 848, and 771 children respectively). Main results: Associations between birth weight and diet increased in strength from age 8 to 43 months, but had diminished by age 7 years. Fat, saturated fat, and protein intakes were inversely, and carbohydrate intake was positively associated with birth weight at 43 months of age, after adjusting for age, sex, and energy intake. After adjustment for other confounders, all associations were weakened, although there was still a suggestion of a relation with saturated fat (-0.48 (95% CI -0.97, 0.02) g/day per 500 g increase in birth weight. Similar patterns were seen in boys and girls separately, and when the sample was restricted to those with complete data at all ages. Conclusions: A small inverse association was found between birth weight and saturated fat intake in children at 43 months of age but this was not present at 7 years of age. This study therefore provides little evidence that birth weight modifies subsequent childhood diet.
KW  - carbohydrate
KW  - fat
KW  - child health
KW  - adult
KW  - anthropometric parameters
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - carbohydrate intake
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - child
KW  - child growth
KW  - child nutrition
KW  - dietary intake
KW  - fat intake
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - low birth weight
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - social class
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Body Weight
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Diet Records
KW  - Dietary Fats
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Male
KW  - Pregnancy
N1  - Cited By :11
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JECHD
C2  - 16234423
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Leary, S.D.; Unit of Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Department of Community-Based Medicine, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom; email: s.d.leary@bristol.ac.uk
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Dietary Fats
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27344433536&doi=10.1136%2fjech.2005.034413&partnerID=40&md5=946ccb54a5b6e3dfe260727cc9157d60
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mental health and hostility as predictors of temporary employment: Evidence from two prospective studies
T2  - Social Science and Medicine
J2  - Soc. Sci. Med.
VL  - 61
IS  - 10
SP  - 2084
EP  - 2095
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.04.028
SN  - 02779536 (ISSN) 
AU  - Virtanen, M.
AU  - Kivimäki, M.
AU  - Elovainio, M.
AU  - Vahtera, J.
AU  - Kokko, K.
AU  - Pulkkinen, L.
AD  - Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
AD  - National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health, Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Turku, Finland
AD  - University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
AD  - Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Psychology, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland
AB  - We used two studies to examine whether mental health and hostility predicted temporary employment. Study 1 involved a cohort of 970 Finnish hospital employees (102 men, 868 women) who had temporary job contracts at baseline. After adjustment for demographics, organisational tenure and part-time work status, doctor-diagnosed psychiatric disorder predicted continuing in temporary employment instead of receiving a permanent job by the end of the 2-year follow-up. A higher level of hostility was also associated with temporary employment, but only among employees in low socioeconomic positions. In Study 2, anxiety and aggressive behaviour were measured in a cohort of 226 Finnish school children (116 boys, 110 girls) at 8 years of age. Anxiety in childhood predicted temporary employment at age 42. Aggressive behaviour in childhood was related to ongoing temporary employment status in adulthood among individuals in low socioeconomic positions. Our findings suggest that selection by individual characteristics operates between the temporary and permanent workforces. Mental health problems, a part of which are already seen in childhood, seem to restrict individuals' possibilities to gain secure labour market positions. Hostility and aggressiveness seem to be related to labour market prospects only among individuals in low socioeconomic positions. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Depression
KW  - Employment
KW  - Finland
KW  - Health-related selection
KW  - Hostility
KW  - Inequality
KW  - Mental health
KW  - employment
KW  - medical geography
KW  - mental health
KW  - socioeconomic status
KW  - adult
KW  - aggression
KW  - anxiety
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - demography
KW  - employment
KW  - female
KW  - Finland
KW  - follow up
KW  - hostility
KW  - human
KW  - job performance
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mental disease
KW  - mental health
KW  - prediction
KW  - social status
KW  - work
KW  - Adult
KW  - Anxiety
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Employment
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - Hostility
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
N1  - Cited By :30
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SSMDE
C2  - 15941612
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Virtanen, M.; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Psychology, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland; email: marianna.virtanen@ttl.fi
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TY  - JOUR
TI  - Rate of forearm bone loss is associated with an increased risk of fracture independently of bone mass in postmenopausal women: The OFELY study
T2  - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
J2  - J. Bone Miner. Res.
VL  - 20
IS  - 11
SP  - 1929
EP  - 1935
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1359/JBMR.050704
SN  - 08840431 (ISSN) 
AU  - Sornay-Rendu, E.
AU  - Munoz, F.
AU  - Duboeuf, F.
AU  - Delmas, P.D.
AD  - INSERM Research Unit 403, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France
AD  - INSERM Unit 403, Pavillon F, Hopital E. Herriot, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France
AB  - BMD is a major determinant of the risk of fragility fractures, but the role of the rate of postmenopausal bone loss is still unclear. In 671 postmenopausal women from the OFELY cohort, we found that the rate of bone loss was significantly associated with fracture risk independently of other well-known predictors including BMD and previous fractures. Introduction: The level of BMD is a major determinant of the risk of fragility fractures, but the role of the rate of postmenopausal bone loss is still unclear. Materials and Methods: In the OFELY study, we analyzed the risk of fracture in 671 postmenopausal women (mean age, 62.2 ± 9 years), according to the rate of bone loss. BMD was measured annually by DXA at the forearm, with a mean number of measurements of 10.3 ± 2.6. Peripheral fractures, all confirmed by radiographs, were prospectively registered, and vertebral fractures were evaluated with spine radiographs every 4 years. Results: During a median (interquartile range [IQ]) of 11.2 years (11-12.3 years) of follow-up, 183 incident fragility fractures including 53 vertebral and 130 nonvertebral fractures were recorded in 134 women. The annual median ± IQ rate of bone loss, calculated from the slope, was -0.30 ± 0.76% at the mid-radius, -0.55 ± 0.79% at the distal radius, and -0.40 ± 0.96% at the ultradistal radius. Women with incident fracture had a rate of bone loss (before fracture) higher by 38-53% than those without fracture (p = 0.0003-0.016). Using multivariate Cox regression models, we found that bone loss in the highest tertile at the mid-radius, distal radius, and ultradistal radius was associated with a significant increased risk of all fractures with an hazard ratio from 1.45 to 1.70 (p = 0.02 top = 0.009 after adjusting for age, previous fractures, maternal history of fracture, physical activity, grip strength, falls, and baseline BMD). Conclusions: The rate of bone loss in postmenopausal women is significantly associated with fracture risk independently of other well-known predictors such as BMD and history of fractures. © 2005 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
KW  - BMD
KW  - Bone loss
KW  - Fragility fractures
KW  - Postmenopausal women
KW  - Prospective study
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - bone densitometry
KW  - bone density
KW  - bone radiography
KW  - disease association
KW  - falling
KW  - female
KW  - forearm
KW  - fracture
KW  - fragility fracture
KW  - grip strength
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - multivariate analysis
KW  - osteolysis
KW  - physical activity
KW  - postmenopause osteoporosis
KW  - prospective study
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - spine radiography
KW  - vertebra fracture
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Bone Density
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Forearm
KW  - Fractures, Bone
KW  - Humans
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
KW  - Postmenopause
KW  - Proportional Hazards Models
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Spinal Fractures
N1  - Cited By :47
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JBMRE
C2  - 16234965
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Sornay-Rendu, E.; INSERM Unit 403, Pavillon F, Hopital E. Herriot, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France; email: rendu@lyon.inserm.fr
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Cummings, S.R., Nevitt, M.C., Browner, W.S., Stone, K., Fox, K.M., Ensrud, K.E., Cauley, J., Vogt, T.M., Risk factors for hip fracture in white women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures research Group (1995) N Engl J Med, 332, pp. 767-773; 
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Duboeuf, F., Sornay-Rendu, E., Garnero, P., Bourgeaud-Lignot, A., Delmas, P.D., Cross-sectional and longitudinal assessment of pre- and postmenopausal bone loss with a portable forearm X-ray device. The OFELY Study (2000) Bone, 26, pp. 131-135; 
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Melton III, L.J., Crowson, C.S., O'Fallon, W.M., Wahner, H.W., Riggs, B.L., Relative contributions of bone density, bone turnover, and clinical risk factors to long-term fracture prediction (2003) J Bone Miner Res, 18, pp. 312-318; 
Van Meurs, J.B., Dhonukshe-Rutten, R.A., Pluijm, S.M., Van Der Klift, M., De Jonge, R., Lindemans, J., De Groot, L.C., Uitterlinden, A.G., Homocysteine levels and the risk of osteoporotic fracture (2004) N Engl J Med, 350, pp. 2033-2041; 
Siris, E.S., Miller, P.D., Barrett-Connor, E., Faulkner, K.G., Wehren, L.E., Abbott, T.A., Berger, M.L., Sherwood, L.M., Identification and fracture outcomes of undiagnosed low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Results from the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment (2001) JAMA, 286, pp. 2815-2822; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27444437924&doi=10.1359%2fJBMR.050704&partnerID=40&md5=4b008701d0f21907e44c49dac92c8fda
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Longitudinal analysis of the effect of prenatal nicotine exposure on subsequent smoking behavior of offspring
T2  - Nicotine and Tobacco Research
J2  - Nicotine Tob. Res.
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
SP  - 801
EP  - 808
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1080/14622200500262840
SN  - 14622203 (ISSN) 
AU  - Roberts, K.H.
AU  - Munafò, M.R.
AU  - Rodriguez, D.
AU  - Drury, M.
AU  - Murphy, M.F.G.
AU  - Neale, R.E.
AU  - Nettle, D.
AD  - Cancer Research UK, General Practice Research Group, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Oxford, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 8 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1TN, United Kingdom
AD  - Tobacco Use Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
AD  - Childhood Cancer Research Group, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
AD  - Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Population Studies and Human Genetics, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
AD  - Division of Psychology, Brain and Behavior, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
AB  - We explored the influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the likelihood of smoking among offspring in adolescence and adulthood using data from two similar British birth cohort surveys, the 1958 National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Birth Survey. Similar information was available in each cohort on maternal age at delivery, offspring sex, maternal smoking during pregnancy, parental and offspring socioeconomic status, and parental smoking at the time offspring smoking was assessed at age 16 years. Offspring smoking at 16 years and at 30/33 years were the primary outcomes of interest. Our data support an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and an increased risk of offspring smoking later in life among female offspring but not among male offspring. Female offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy were more likely to smoke at 16 years than were their male counterparts. Moreover, in this same subgroup, female offspring smoking at 16 years was associated with an increased likelihood of smoking at 30/33 years. Further investigation in larger studies with greater detail of factors shaping smoking in childhood and adulthood and biochemically verified outcome measures would be desirable to clarify the relationship. © 2005 Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.
KW  - nicotine
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - child development
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - data analysis
KW  - delivery
KW  - female
KW  - gender
KW  - health behavior
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - male
KW  - maternal age
KW  - maternal behavior
KW  - outcomes research
KW  - parental behavior
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - prenatal exposure
KW  - priority journal
KW  - progeny
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - sex difference
KW  - social status
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Female
KW  - Ganglionic Stimulants
KW  - Health Surveys
KW  - Humans
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Nicotine
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smoking
N1  - Cited By :41
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: NTREF
C2  - 16191751
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Munafò, M.R.; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 8 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1TN, United Kingdom; email: marcus.munafo@bris.ac.uk
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: nicotine, 54-11-5; Ganglionic Stimulants; Nicotine, 54-11-5
N1  - References: Abreu-Villaça, Y., Seidler, F.J., Slotkin, T.A., Does prenatal nicotine exposure sensitize the brain to nicotine-induced neurotoxicity in adolescence? (2004) Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, pp. 1440-1450; 
Abreu-Villaça, Y., Seidler, F.J., Tate, C.A., Cousins, M.M., Slotkin, T.A., Prenatal nicotine exposure alters the response to nicotine administration in adolescence: Effects on cholinergic systems during exposure and withdrawal (2004) Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, pp. 879-890; 
Bell, G.L., Lau, K., Perinatal and neonatal issues of substance abuse (1995) Pediatric Clinics of North America, 42, pp. 261-281; 
Brook, J.S., Brook, D.W., Whiteman, M., The influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the toddler's negativity (2000) Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 154, pp. 381-385; 
Buka, S.L., Shenassa, E.D., Niaura, R., Elevated risk of tobacco dependence among offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy: A 30-year prospective study (2003) American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, pp. 1978-1984; 
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Conrad, K.M., Flay, B.R., Hill, D., Why children start smoking cigarettes: Predictors of onset (1992) British Journal of Addiction, 87, pp. 1711-1724; 
Cornelius, M.D., Leech, S.L., Goldschmidt, L., Day, N.L., Prenatal tobacco exposure: Is it a risk factor for early tobacco experimentation? (2000) Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2, pp. 45-52; 
Day, N.L., Richardson, G., Goldschmidt, L., Cornelius, M., Effects of prenatal tobacco exposure on preschoolers' behaviour (2000) Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 21, pp. 180-188; 
DiFranza, J.R., Lew, R.A., Effect of maternal cigarette smoking on pregnancy complications and sudden death syndrome (1995) Journal of Family Practice, 40, pp. 385-394; 
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Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Lynskey, M.T., Maternal smoking before and after pregnancy: Effects on behavioural outcomes in middle childhood (1993) Pediatrics, 92, pp. 815-822; 
Fergusson, D.M., Woodward, L.J., Horwood, L.J., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and psychiatric adjustment in late adolescence (1998) Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, pp. 721-727; 
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Fried, P.A., Watkinson, B., Siegel, L.S., Reading and language in 9- to 12-year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana (1997) Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 19, pp. 171-183; 
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Heath, A.C., Martin, N.G., Lynskey, M.T., Todorov, A.A., Madden, P.A., Two-stage models for genetic influences on alcohol, tobacco or drug use initiation and dependence vulnerability in twin and family data (2002) Twin Research, 5, pp. 113-124; 
Kandel, D.B., Udry, R.J., Prenatal effects of maternal smoking on daughters' smoking: Nicotine or testosterone exposure? (1999) American Journal of Public Health, 89, pp. 1377-1383; 
Kandel, D.B., Wu, P., Davies, M., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and smoking by adolescent daughters (1994) American Journal of Public Health, 84, pp. 1407-1413; 
Kardia, S.L.R., Pomerleau, C.S., Rosek, L.S., Marks, J.L., Association of parental smoking history with nicotine dependence, smoking rate, and psychological cofactors in adult smokers (2002) Addictive Behaviors, 870, pp. 1-6; 
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Oncken, C., McKee, S., Krishnan-Sarin, S., O'Malley, S., Mazure, C., Gender effects of reported in utero tobacco exposure on smoking initiation, progression and nicotine dependence in adult offspring (2004) Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 6, pp. 829-833; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-28244480733&doi=10.1080%2f14622200500262840&partnerID=40&md5=0d18582abf4f83ae4c65d992dfd4ddc9
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Television viewing in early childhood predicts adult body mass index
T2  - Journal of Pediatrics
J2  - J. Pediatr.
VL  - 147
IS  - 4
SP  - 429
EP  - 435
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.05.005
SN  - 00223476 (ISSN) 
AU  - Viner, R.M.
AU  - Cole, T.J.
AD  - Department of Paediatrics, Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer St, London W1T 3AA, United Kingdom
AB  - Objectives: To examine the effects of duration, timing and type of television (TV) viewing at age 5 years on body mass index (BMI) in adult life. Study design and methods: 1970 British Birth Cohort, followed up at 5 (N = 13,135), 10 (N = 14,875), and 30 years (N = 11,261). Outcome measures: Weekday and weekend TV viewing at 5 years, type of programs, and maternal attitudes toward TV at age 5 years. BMI z-score at 10 and 30 years. Results: Mean daily hours of TV viewed at weekends predicted higher BMI z-score at 30 years (coefficient = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.05, P = .01) when adjusted for TV viewing and activity level at 10 years, sex, socioeconomic status, parental BMIs, and birth weight. Each additional hour of TV watched on weekends at 5 years increased risk of adult obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) by 7% (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01, 1.13, P = .02). Weekday viewing, type of program and maternal attitudes to TV at 5 years were not independently associated with adult BMI z-score. Conclusions: Weekend TV viewing in early childhood continues to influence BMI in adulthood. Interventions to influence obesity by reducing sedentary behaviors40 must begin in early childhood. Interventions focusing on weekend TV viewing may be particularly effective. Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - body mass
KW  - childhood
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - confidence interval
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - maternal behavior
KW  - normal human
KW  - obesity
KW  - prediction
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - scoring system
KW  - sitting
KW  - social status
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - television
KW  - Adult
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Child Rearing
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Life Style
KW  - Male
KW  - Mothers
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Sports
KW  - Television
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :132
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JOPDA
C2  - 16227025
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Viner, R.M.; Department of Paediatrics, Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer St, London W1T 3AA, United Kingdom; email: R.Viner@ich.ucl.ac.uk
N1  - Funding details: Health Foundation, Health Foundation
N1  - Funding details: Mental Health Research UK, Mental Health Research UK
N1  - Funding text: Russell Viner is part funded by a Fellowship from the Health Foundation, UK.
N1  - References: Bassett, M.T., Perl, S., Obesity: The public health challenge of our time (2004) Am J Public Health, 94, p. 1477; 
Coon, K.A., Tucker, K.L., Television and children's consumption patterns. a review of the literature (2002) Minerva Pediatr, 54, pp. 423-436; 
Giammattei, J., Blix, G., Marshak, H.H., Wollitzer, A.O., Pettitt, D.J., Television watching and soft drink consumption: Associations with obesity in 11- to 13-year-old schoolchildren (2003) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 157, pp. 882-886; 
Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L.S., Popkin, B.M., Ethnic differences in physical activity and inactivity patterns and overweight status (2002) Obes Res, 10, pp. 141-149; 
Crespo, C.J., Smit, E., Troiano, R.P., Bartlett, S.J., MacEra, C.A., Andersen, R.E., Television watching, energy intake, and obesity in US children: Results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 (2001) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 155, pp. 360-365; 
Andersen, R.E., Crespo, C.J., Bartlett, S.J., Cheskin, L.J., Pratt, M., Relationship of physical activity and television watching with body weight and level of fatness among children: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998) JAMA, 279, pp. 938-942; 
Dennison, B.A., Erb, T.A., Jenkins, P.L., Television viewing and television in bedroom associated with overweight risk among low-income preschool children (2002) Pediatrics, 109, pp. 1028-1035; 
Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Sobol, A.M., Peterson, K., Colditz, G.A., Dietz, W.H., Television viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the United States, 1986-1990 (1996) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 150, pp. 356-362; 
Dietz Jr., W.H., Gortmaker, S.L., Do we fatten our children at the television set? Obesity and television viewing in children and adolescents (1985) Pediatrics, 75, pp. 807-812; 
Proctor, M.H., Moore, L.L., Gao, D., Cupples, L.A., Bradlee, M.L., Hood, M.Y., Television viewing and change in body fat from preschool to early adolescence: The Framingham Children's Study (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 827-833; 
Kaur, H., Choi, W.S., Mayo, M.S., Harris, K.J., Duration of television watching is associated with increased body mass index (2003) J Pediatr, 143, pp. 506-511; 
Summerbell, C.D., Ashton, V., Campbell, K.J., Edmunds, L., Kelly, S., Waters, E., (2004) Interventions for Treating Obesity in Children (Cochrane Review). the Cochrane Library, Issue 2, , John Wiley & Sons Chichester, UK; 
Hancox, R.J., Milne, B.J., Poulton, R., Association between child and adolescent television viewing and adult health: A longitudinal birth cohort study (2004) Lancet, 364, pp. 257-262; 
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Butler, N.R., Golding, J., (1986) From Birth to Five: A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's 5-year-olds, , Pergamon Press Oxford; 
Bynner, J., Butler, N., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., Smith, K., The design and conduct of the 1999-2000 surveys of the National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study. UK Data Archive (2002) CLS Cohort Studies Working Paper 1, , London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education; 
Creeser, R., Household Grid Variables in the Combined NCDS/BCS70 1999/2000 Data: Data Note 3 (2002) CLS Cohort Studies Data Note 3, , London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies; 
Jenkins, A., Makepeace, G., Appendix 7: Highest qualification (2002) NCDS/BCS70 1999-2000 Follow-ups: Guide to the Combined Dataset (Revised December 2002), pp. 138-A162. , J. Bynner N. Butler E. Ferri P. Shepherd K. Smith Centre for Longitudinal Studies London; 
Parsons, S., Appendix 5: Basic skills and other variables (2002) NCDS/BCS70 1999-2000 Follow-ups: Guide to the Combined Dataset (Revised December 2002), , J. Bynner N. Butler E. Ferri P. Shepherd K. Smith Centre for Longitudinal Studies London; 
Butler, N.R., Despotidou, S., Shepherd, P., (2000) The 1970 British Birth Cohort Study: Ten Year Follow-up: A Guide to the BCS70 Ten-year Data Available at the Economic and Social Research Council Data Archive, , London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education; 
Cole, T.J., Freeman, J.V., Preece, M.A., Body mass index reference curves for the UK, 1990 (1995) Arch Dis Child, 73, pp. 25-29; 
Power, C., Manor, O., Matthews, S., Child to adult socioeconomic conditions and obesity in a national cohort (2003) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 27, pp. 1081-1086; 
Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 376-381; 
Sallis, J.F., Broyles, S.L., Frank-Spohrer, G., Berry, C.C., Davis, T.B., Nader, P.R., Child's home environment in relation to the mother's adiposity (1995) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 19, pp. 190-197; 
Burdette, H.L., Whitaker, R.C., Kahn, R.S., Harvey-Berino, J., Association of maternal obesity and depressive symptoms with television-viewing time in low-income preschool children (2003) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 157, pp. 894-899; 
Wake, M., Hesketh, K., Waters, E., Television, computer use and body mass index in Australian primary school children (2003) J Paediatr Child Health, 39, pp. 130-134; 
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Spencer, E.A., Appleby, P.N., Davey, G.K., Key, T.J., Validity of self-reported height and weight in 4808 EPIC-Oxford participants (2002) Public Health Nutr, 5, pp. 561-565; 
Bolton-Smith, C., Woodward, M., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Morrison, C., Accuracy of the estimated prevalence of obesity from self reported height and weight in an adult Scottish population (2000) J Epidemiol Community Health, 54, pp. 143-148; 
Goodman, E., Strauss, R.S., Self-reported height and weight and the definition of obesity in epidemiological studies (2003) J Adolesc Health, 33, pp. 140-141; 
Matheson, D.M., Killen, J.D., Wang, Y., Varady, A., Robinson, T.N., Children's food consumption during television viewing (2004) Am J Clin Nutr, 79, pp. 1088-1094; 
Kay, J.P., Alemzadeh, R., Langley, G., D'Angelo, L., Smith, P., Holshouser, S., Beneficial effects of metformin in normoglycemic morbidly obese adolescents (2001) Metabolism, 50, pp. 1457-1461; 
Saelens, B.E., Sallis, J.F., Nader, P.R., Broyles, S.L., Berry, C.C., Taras, H.L., Home environmental influences on children's television watching from early to middle childhood (2002) J Dev Behav Pediatr, 23, pp. 127-132; 
Boynton-Jarrett, R., Thomas, T.N., Peterson, K.E., Wiecha, J., Sobol, A.M., Gortmaker, S.L., Impact of television viewing patterns on fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescents (2003) Pediatrics, 112, pp. 1321-1326; 
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Robinson, T.N., Reducing children's television viewing to prevent obesity: A randomized controlled trial (1999) JAMA, 282, pp. 1561-1567
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-26844516301&doi=10.1016%2fj.jpeds.2005.05.005&partnerID=40&md5=416c6ed22805397c011cbf3c116a6ba1
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Obesity and overweight in relation to organ-specific cancer mortality in London (UK): Findings from the original Whitehall study
T2  - International Journal of Obesity
J2  - Int. J. Obes.
VL  - 29
IS  - 10
SP  - 1267
EP  - 1274
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803020
SN  - 03070565 (ISSN) 
AU  - Batty, G.D.
AU  - Shipley, M.J.
AU  - Jarrett, R.J.
AU  - Breeze, E.
AU  - Marmot, M.G.
AU  - Smith, G.D.
AD  - MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Bishopsthorpe Road, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZE, United Kingdom
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of obesity and overweight with organ-specific cancer mortality. METHODS: In the Whitehall prospective cohort study of London-based government employees, 18 403 middle-age men participated in a medical examination between 1967 and 1970. Subjects were followed up for cause-specific mortality for up to 35y (median: interquartile range (25th-75th centile); 28.1y: 18.6-33.8). RESULTS: There were over 3000 cancer deaths in this cohort. There was a raised risk of mortality from carcinoma of the rectum, bladder, colon, and liver, and for lymphoma in obese or overweight men following adjustment for range of covariates, which included socioeconomic position and physical activity. These relationships held after exclusion of deaths occurring in the first 20y of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Avoidance of obesity and overweight in adult life may reduce the risk of developing some cancers. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved.
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cohort study
KW  - Overweight
KW  - Whitehall
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - bladder carcinoma
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - colon carcinoma
KW  - controlled study
KW  - follow up
KW  - government
KW  - human
KW  - liver carcinoma
KW  - lymphoma
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - obesity
KW  - physical activity
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prospective study
KW  - rectum carcinoma
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - London
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Overweight
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Risk Factors
N1  - Cited By :88
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJOBD
C2  - 15997248
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Batty, G.D.; MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZE, United Kingdom; email: david-b@msoc.mrc.gla.ac.uk
N1  - Funding details: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
N1  - Funding details: Wellcome, Wellcome
N1  - Funding details: British Heart Foundation, British Heart Foundation
N1  - Funding details: Washington State Department of Social and Health Services, Washington State Department of Social and Health Services
N1  - Funding details: The Research Council, The Research Council
N1  - Funding details: University of Copenhagen, Københavns Universitet
N1  - Funding details: Research Councils UK, Research Councils UK
N1  - Funding text: We are grateful to the civil servants who gave of their time to take part in the baseline study. The original screening of participants in the Whitehall study was funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and the Tobacco Research Council. Martin Shipley and Elizabeth Breeze are supported by the British Heart Foundation; Michael Marmot by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC). When work on this report began, David Batty was financed by the UK MRC at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and subsequently by a University Senior Research Fellowship at the University of Copenhagen. He is now the recipient of a Wellcome Advanced Training Fellowship.
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Ben Shlomo, Y., Davey Smith, G., Shipley, M., Marmot, M.G., Magnitude and causes of mortality differences between married and unmarried men (1993) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 47, pp. 200-205; 
Batty, G.D., Shipley, M., Marmot, M., Davey Smith, G., Physical activity and cause-specific mortality in men: Further evidence from the Whitehall study (2002) Eur J Epidemiol, 17, pp. 863-869; 
Batty, G.D., Shipley, M.J., Marmot, M., Davey Smith, G., Physical activity and cause-specific mortality in men with type 2 diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance: Evidence from the Whitehall study (2002) Diabetes Med, 19, pp. 580-588; 
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Davey Smith, G., Shipley, M.J., Marmot, M.G., Rose, G., Plasma cholesterol concentration and mortality. The Whitehall Study (1992) JAMA, 267, pp. 70-76; 
Batty, G.D., Shipley, M., Marmot, M., Davey Smith, G., Diabetes status and post-load plasma glucose concentration in relation to site-specific cancer mortality: Findings from the original Whitehall study (2004) Cancer Causes Control, 15, pp. 873-881; 
Batty, G.D., Shipley, M.J., Marmot, M.G., Davey Smith, G., Blood pressure and site-specific cancer mortality: Evidence from the original Whitehall study (2003) Br J Cancer, 89, pp. 1243-1247; 
Keen, H., Thomas, B.J., Jarrett, R.J., Fuller, J.H., Nutrient intake, adiposity, and diabetes (1979) Br Med J, 1, pp. 655-658; 
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Cox, D.R., Regression models and life-tables (1972) J Roy Stat Soc Ser B, 34, pp. 187-220; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-29844444501&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ijo.0803020&partnerID=40&md5=0c9a34c8a1b6bfd2f8b83a66a200459c
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - For Japanese children to have a strong and healthy future: The first issue, a preliminary research of Sukusuku-cohort in Mie
T2  - IRYO - Japanese Journal of National Medical Services
J2  - IRYO Jpn. J. Natl. Med. Serv.
VL  - 59
IS  - 10
SP  - 533
EP  - 538
PY  - 2005
SN  - 00211699 (ISSN) 
AU  - Yamamoto, H.
AU  - Tamaki, J.
AU  - Ohtani, N.
AU  - Obata, M.
AU  - Bonno, M.
AU  - Yamakawa, N.
AU  - Tanaka, S.
AU  - Ido, M.
AB  - In 2004, the Japan Science and Technology Agency started a mission-oriented research program to identify which factors influence the cognitive-behavioral development of children in Japan. As the regional center in Mie Prefecture we are undertaking this research in cooperation with the departments of health and welfare and the education authorities of local governments. The results of preliminary research carried out in Fiscal 2004 are reported in this manuscript. In the beginning of the research, the research structure and a committee to promote this mission were organized involving the local government and mother and child care centers. Secondly, a research room to observe child development was established on the basement floor of our medical center. There are an interview section, a waiting corner and a feeding room as well as an observation booth needed for research. Thirdly, symposia on the subject of "the pursuit of child development - the responsibilities of the 21st century" were held to deepen the comprehension of general citizens. The number of attendees at the Owase and Tsu symposia were 75 and 64 people, respectively. A lot of audience manifested interest in this research. Moreover, the recruitment of subjects for a pilot study was carried out as part of this preliminary research. Fifty-one percent of families with newborn infants were informed about this research and 29% of these informed subjects, in other words 15% of the total of families with newborns, consented to the research. It was necessary to inform more than three times as many families to secure a sufficient number of subjects for research. Improving the enrollment rate for the pilot study is a major challenge.
KW  - Children
KW  - Cognitive-behavioral development
KW  - Japan
KW  - Mission-oriented research program III
KW  - Sukusuku cohort study
KW  - child behavior
KW  - child development
KW  - cognition
KW  - day care
KW  - education
KW  - feeding
KW  - futurology
KW  - government
KW  - history of medicine
KW  - human
KW  - Japan
KW  - medical research
KW  - newborn care
KW  - observational method
KW  - pilot study
KW  - review
KW  - waiting room
N1  - Cited By :1
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IRYOA
LA  - Japanese
N1  - References: Kaiser, J., NIH launches controversial long term study of 100000 U.S. kids (2005) Science, 306, p. 1883; 
Plewis, I., Calderwood, L., Hawkes, L., (2004) National Child Development Study and 1970 British Cohort Study Technical Report. Changes in the NCDS and BCS70 Populations and Samples over Time; 
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Japanese source; Yamamoto, H., Obata, M., Bonno, M., The features of immunological potential in neonates (2005) Recent Res Devel Haematol, 2, pp. 21-32
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-29344440674&partnerID=40&md5=4e5d25c584d85d28028439133407d001
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Trends in cigarette smoking initiation and cessation among birth cohorts of 1926-1970 in Germany
T2  - European Journal of Cancer Prevention
J2  - Eur.J. Cancer Prev.
VL  - 14
IS  - 5
SP  - 477
EP  - 483
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1097/01.cej.0000174777.98518.7e
SN  - 09598278 (ISSN) 
AU  - Schulze, A.
AU  - Mons, U.
AD  - German Cancer Research Center, Executive Office Cancer Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, Heidelberg, Germany
AD  - German Cancer Research Center, Executive Office Cancer Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
AB  - This study examines temporal differences in cigarette smoking initiation and cessation among male and female birth cohorts of 1926-1970 born in Germany. Based on the German Federal Health Survey 1998 the sample is divided into a series of 5-year sex-birth cohorts, beginning with those born between 1926 and 1930 and extending to those born between 1966 and 1970. The final data file consists of a sample of 5110 people. Ever-smoking prevalence among men varies from 60 to 70% between the birth cohorts, while in women born 1926-1930 ever-smoking increases from 20 to about 50% in those born 1966-1970. A reduction of the median age at starting smoking also takes place between the cohorts. With 8.5 years this decrease is more incisive among women, compared with a drop of 2 years among men. Regarding cessation patterns the analysis shows a shift towards a shorter duration of smoking with succeeding birth cohorts, again this shift is more incisive in women. But even in the youngest cohort still more than 50% of ever-smokers smoke regularly for more than 25 years. In Germany tobacco-control activities are required in order to take antismoking actions that especially prevent youth from starting to smoke and that support smokers in quitting. © 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
KW  - Cigarette smoking
KW  - Cohort analysis
KW  - Gender differences
KW  - Germany
KW  - Smoking cessation
KW  - Smoking initiation
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - Germany
KW  - health program
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - sex difference
KW  - smoking cessation
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Germany
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Smoking Cessation
N1  - Cited By :19
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EJUPE
C2  - 16175053
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Schulze, A.; German Cancer Research Center, Executive Office Cancer Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tobacco Control, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; email: a.schulze@dkfz.de
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-26444458773&doi=10.1097%2f01.cej.0000174777.98518.7e&partnerID=40&md5=7fba57c1eeea626ad0a715a8dfdab993
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Schooling effects on subsequent university performance: Evidence for the UK university population
T2  - Economics of Education Review
J2  - Econ. Educ. Rev.
VL  - 24
IS  - 5
SP  - 549
EP  - 562
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1016/j.econedurev.2004.07.016
SN  - 02727757 (ISSN) 
AU  - Smith, J.
AU  - Naylor, R.
AD  - Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
AB  - From a unique data set identifying the school attended prior to university for a full cohort of UK university students; we examine the determinants of final degree classification. We exploit the detailed school-level information and focus on the influence of school characteristics; such as school type; on subsequent performance of students at university. We estimate that; on average; a male (female) graduate who attended an Independent school is 6.5 (5.4) percentage points less likely to obtain a 'good' degree than is a student who attended an LEA (that is; state-sector) school; ceteris paribus. We also find considerable variation around this average figure across different Independent schools. We find that; for males; the variation in the probability of attaining a 'good' degree according to the Independent school attended can largely be explained by the level of school fees. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Degree performance
KW  - Independent schools
KW  - School fees
KW  - university sector
N1  - Cited By :35
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Smith, J.; Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom; email: jeremy.smith@warwick.ac.uk
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Blundell, R., Dearden, L., Goodman, A., Reed, H., Higher education, employment and earnings in Britain (1997), London: Institute for Fiscal Studies; Bratti, M., Does the choice of university matter? A study of the difference across UK universities in life science students' degree performance (2002) Economics of Education Review, 21, pp. 431-443; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20344376160&doi=10.1016%2fj.econedurev.2004.07.016&partnerID=40&md5=1454942fbe7e9d217ca4c0efefa2b5e8
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Identification of osteopenic women at high risk of fracture: The OFELY study
T2  - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
J2  - J. Bone Miner. Res.
VL  - 20
IS  - 10
SP  - 1813
EP  - 1819
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1359/JBMR.050609
SN  - 08840431 (ISSN) 
AU  - Sornay-Rendu, E.
AU  - Munoz, F.
AU  - Garnero, P.
AU  - Duboeuf, F.
AU  - Delmas, P.D.
AD  - INSERM Research Unit 403, E. Herriot Hospital, Lyon Cedex 03, France
AD  - INSERM Unit 403, Pavilion F, Hopital E. Herriot, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France
AB  - About one-half of women with incident fractures have BMD above the WHO diagnostic threshold of osteoporosis. In the OFELY study, low BMDD, increased markers of bone turnover, and prior fracture could be used to identify, within osteopenic women, those at high risk of fracture. Introduction: Recent data suggest that about one-half of women with incident fractures have BMD above the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic threshold of osteoporosis (T score ≤ -2.5). We aimed to identify, within osteopenic women, those at high risk of fracture. Materials and Methods: In the 671 postmenopausal women (mean age: 62 years) belonging to the Os des Femmes de Lyon (OFELY) population-based prospective cohort, we measured at baseline BMD by DXA at the spine and total hip, bone turnover markers (BTM) and clinical risk factors for osteoporosis. All fragility vertebral or nonvertebral fractures, confirmed by radiographs, were assessed during a median follow-up of 9.1 years (IQ: 2.3). Results: 158 incident fractures were recorded in 116 women: 8% in normal, 48% in osteopenic, and 44% in osteoporotic women. Among osteopenic women, low BMD (-2.5 < T score ≤ -2.0) was associated with an increased fracture risk with an age-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 2.5 (1.3-4.6). In addition, age, prior fracture, and high BTM-but not other risk factors-were independently associated with an increased fracture risk with an age-adjusted HR of 2.2 (1.2-4.3) for prior fractures and 2.2 (1.4-3.8) for bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) in the highest quartile. In the whole group of osteopenic women, a large majority of incident fractures occurred in those with a low BMD, prior fractures, or BALP in the highest quartile, with an age-adjusted HR of 5.3 (2.3-11.8). The 10-year probability of fracture in osteopenic women was 26% if at least one predictor was present, contrasting with 6% in those without any of the three risk factors. Conclusions: In postmenopausal women with osteopenia, low BMD, increased BTM, and prior fracture are associated with an increased risk of fracture in the subsequent 10 years. Their assessment may play an important role in identifying women at high risk of fracture who could not be adequately detected by BMD measurement alone and who may benefit from a therapeutic intervention. © 2005 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
KW  - Bone densitometry
KW  - Bone turnover markers
KW  - Fracture
KW  - Osteopenic women
KW  - Risk factors
KW  - alkaline phosphatase bone isoenzyme
KW  - osteocalcin
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - bone density
KW  - bone fragility
KW  - bone turnover
KW  - clinical examination
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - dual energy X ray absorptiometry
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - fracture
KW  - France
KW  - high risk population
KW  - hip
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - osteopenia
KW  - osteoporosis
KW  - physical examination
KW  - postmenopause
KW  - prediction
KW  - probability
KW  - prospective study
KW  - risk factor
KW  - spine
KW  - vertebra fracture
KW  - world health organization
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Bone Density
KW  - Female
KW  - Fractures, Bone
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
KW  - Postmenopause
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Risk Factors
N1  - Cited By :228
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JBMRE
C2  - 16160738
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Sornay-Rendu, E.; INSERM Unit 403, Pavilion F, Hopital E. Herriot, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France; email: rendu@lyon.inserm.fr
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: osteocalcin, 136461-80-8
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McClung, M., Geusens, P., Miller, P.D., Zippel, H., Bensen, W.G., Roux, C., Adami, S., Reginster, J.Y., Effect of risedronate on the risk of hip fracture in elderly women (2001) N Engl J Med, 344, pp. 333-340; 
Black, D.M., Thompson, D., Quandt, S., Palermo, L., Ensrud, K., Johnell, O., Alendronate reduces the risk of vertebral fracture in women with BMD T-scores above -2.5: Results from the Fracture Intervention Trial (FIT) (2002) Osteoporos Int, 13, p. 827; 
Cummings, S.R., Black, D.M., Thompson, D.E., Applegate, W.B., Barrett-Connor, E., Musliner, T.A., Palermo, L., Lacroix, A.Z., Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures: Results from the Fracture Intervention Trial (1998) JAMA, 280, pp. 2077-2082; 
Chesnut, C.H., Delmas, P.D., Christiansen, C., Mahoney, P., Schimmer, R.C., Ibandronate is highly efficacious in postmenopausal women with high baseline bone turnover rates (2003) J Bone Miner Res, 18, pp. F336; 
Bauer, D.C., Garnero, P., Hochberg, M.C., Santora, A., Delmas, P., Ewing, S.K., Black, D.M., Pre-treatment bone turnover and fracture efficacy of alendronate: The Fracture Intervention Trial (2003) J Bone Miner Res, 18, p. 1214
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-25444438208&doi=10.1359%2fJBMR.050609&partnerID=40&md5=c4fff56b9b7ab4b0626ad20c7efe223e
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Same-gender sex among U.S. Adults: Trends across the twentieth century and during the 1990s
T2  - Public Opinion Quarterly
J2  - Public Opin. Q.
VL  - 69
IS  - 3
SP  - 439
EP  - 462
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1093/poq/nfi025
SN  - 0033362X (ISSN) 
AU  - Turner, C.F.
AU  - Villarroel, M.A.
AU  - Chromy, J.R.
AU  - Eggleston, E.
AU  - Rogers, S.M.
AD  - Department of Applied Social Research, City University of New York (Queens College and the Graduate Center)
AD  - Program in Health and Behavior Measurement, RTI International, United States
AD  - RTI's Program in Health and Behavior Measurement
AD  - RTI's Statistical Research Division
AB  - Trends in reporting of same-gender sex are assessed using data from the 1998-2002 General Social Surveys (Ns = 9,487 males and 12,336 females). Analyses indicate that the reported prevalence of female-female sexual contact increased substantially and monotonically across twentieth-century birth cohorts, rising from 1.6 percent (Standard error [SE] = 0.60) for the cohort of U.S. women born prior to 1920 to 6.9 percent (SE = 0.81) for women born in 1970 and afterward. Increases in the reported prevalence of female-female contacts also occurred within the 1990s. These trends persist when statistical controls are introduced for changes in attitudes toward same-gender sexual behavior. No parallel trend is observed in the reporting of male-male sexual contacts during adulthood, although the proportion of U.S. men reporting such contacts in the past year and in the past five years increased during the 1990s.
N1  - Cited By :23
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Conference Paper
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Department of Applied Social Research, City University of New York (Queens College and the Graduate Center)email: cft@rti.org
N1  - References: (2000) Standard Definitions: Final Dispositions of Case Codes and Outcome Rates for Surveys, , Lenexa, KS: AAPOR; 
Anderson, J.E., Stall, R., Increased reporting of male-to-male sexual activity in a national survey (2001) Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 29, pp. 643-646; 
Baumeister, R.F., Gender differences in erotic plasticity: The female sex drive as socially flexible and responsive (2000) Psychological Bulletin, 126, pp. 347-374; 
Black, D., Gates, G., Sanders, S., Taylor, L., Demographics of the Gay and Lesbian population in the United States: Evidence from available systematic data sources (2000) Demography, 37, pp. 139-154; 
Butler, A.C., Gender differences in same-sex sexual partnering trends, 1988-2002 (2004) Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, , http://paa2004.princeton.edu/download.asp?submissionId=40247, Paper presented at the, Boston, MA (accessed June 2005); 
Davis, J.A., Smith, T.W., Marsden, P.V., (2003) General Social Surveys, 1972-2002: Cumulative File [Computer File]. ICPSR Version, , Chicago: National Opinion Research Center [producer]. Storrs, CT: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, University of Connecticut, and Ann Arbor, Ml: Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributors]; 
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Turner, C.F., Villarroel, M.A., Chromy, J.R., Eggleston, E., Rogers, S.M., Supplementary materials for same-gender sex among U.S. adults: Trends across the twentieth century and during the 1990s (2004) Technical Papers in Health and Behavior Measurement, 63. , www.soc.qc.edu/Staff/turner/TechPDFs/63_SGS_SuppTrends.pdf, Washington, DC: Program in Health and Behavior Measurement, RTI International; 
Villarroel, M.A., Turner, C.F., Eggleston, E., Al-Tayyib, A.A., Rogers, S.M., Same-gender sex in the USA: Impact of interview methodology and time on prevalence estimates (2002) Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association, , Paper presented at the, Philadelphia, PA (Abstract #44782); 
Villarroel, M.A., Turner, C.F., Eggleston, E., Al-Tayyib, A.A., Rogers, S.M., Roman, A.M., Cooley, P.C., Gordek, H., Same-gender sexual contacts in the U.S.A.: Impact of new telephone survey technology on prevalence estimates Public Opinion Quarterly, , In press
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-25144439086&doi=10.1093%2fpoq%2fnfi025&partnerID=40&md5=aee3631333bfdfab1052462c0724b403
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Does mother's IQ explain the association between birth weight and cognitive ability in childhood?
T2  - Intelligence
J2  - Intelligence
VL  - 33
IS  - 5
SP  - 445
EP  - 454
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1016/j.intell.2005.05.004
SN  - 01602896 (ISSN) 
AU  - Deary, I.J.
AU  - Der, G.
AU  - Shenkin, S.D.
AD  - University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC Social and Public Health, Sciences Unit, Glasgow, United Kingdom
AB  - There is a significant association between birth weight and cognitive test scores in childhood, even among individuals born at term and with normal birth weight. The association is not explained by the child's social background. Here we examine whether mother's cognitive ability accounts for the birth weight-cognitive ability association. We analysed mother and child data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. Random effects models were employed to utilise fully the repeated cognitive tests on the same child, and to include all children of each mother. Mother's score on the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT) was significantly related to child's birth weight. Birth weight was significantly related to the child's scores on the Peabody Individual Achievement Test. This association was attenuated by up to two-thirds after taking into account mother's AFQT score. In this large sample the association between birth weight and cognitive ability was substantially explained by mother's IQ. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
N1  - Cited By :10
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: NTLLD
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Deary, I.J.; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom; email: I.Deary@ed.ac.uk
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Barker, D.J.P., Developmental origins of adult health and disease (2004) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 58, pp. 114-115; 
Baumler, E.R., Carvajal, S., Harrist, R.B., Analysis of repeated measures data (2003) Multilevel Modeling: Methodological Advances, Issues, and Applications, pp. 140-156. , S.P. Reise & N. Duan (Eds.) Lawrence Erlbaum New Jersey; 
Bhutta, A.T., Cleves, M.A., Casey, P.H., Cradock, M.M., Anand, K.J.S., Cognitive and behavioral outcomes of school-aged children who were born preterm: A meta-analysis (2002) Journal of the American Medical Association, 288, pp. 728-737; 
Boardman, J.D., Powers, D.A., Padilla, Y.C., Hummer, R.A., Low birth weight, social factors, and developmental outcomes among children in the United States (2002) Demography, 39, pp. 353-368; 
Boomsma, D.I., van Beijsterveldt, C.E.M., Rietveld, M.J.H., Bartels, M., van Baal, G.C.M., Genetics mediate relation of birth weight to childhood IQ (2001) British Medical Journal, 323, p. 1426; 
Bouchard, T.J., McGue, M., Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences (2003) Journal of Neurobiology, 54, pp. 4-45; 
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Cnaan, A., Laird, N.M., Slasor, P., Using the general linear mixed model to analyse unbalanced repeated measures and longitudinal data (1997) Statistics in Medicine, 16, pp. 2349-2380; 
Devlin, B., Daniels, M., Roeder, K., The heritability of IQ (1997) Nature, 388, pp. 468-471; 
Diggle, P.J., Liang, K.L., Zeger, S.L., (1994) Analysis of Longitudinal Data, , Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 
Goldstein, H., (1995) Multilevel Statistical Models, , London, UK: Arnold; 
Gorman, B.K., Birth weight and cognitive development in adolescence: Causal relationship or social selection? (2002) Social Biology, 49, pp. 13-34; 
Guo, G., Harris, K.M., The mechanisms mediating the effects of poverty on children's intellectual development (2000) Demography, 37, pp. 431-447; 
Jefferis, B.J.M.H., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) British Medical Journal, 325, pp. 305-310; 
Kenward, M.G., Roger, J.H., Small sample inference for fixed effects from restricted maximum likelihood (1997) Biometrics, 53, pp. 983-997; 
Kiweon, K., The effect of poverty on children's academic performance (1992), p. 2124. , (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Texas at Dallas, 1992). Dissertation Abstracts International, 53; Kuh, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (2004) A Lifecourse Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, , (Eds.) Oxford University Press Oxford, UK; 
(1999) NLSY79 User's Guide, , National Longitudinal Surveys US Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics; 
Padilla, Y.C., Boardman, J.D., Hummer, R.A., Espitia, M., Is the Mexican American "epidemiologic paradox" advantage at birth maintained through early childhood? (2002) Social Forces, 80, pp. 1101-1123; 
Plomin, R., DeFries, J.C., McClearn, G.E., McGuffin, P., (2001) Behavioral Genetics, , 4th ed. New York: W.H. Freeman; 
Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E., Birthweight, postnatal growth and cognitive function in a national UK birth cohort (2002) International Journal of Epidemiology, 31, pp. 342-348; 
Rowe, D.C., IQ, birth weight, and number of sexual partners in white, African American, and mixed race adolescents (2002) Population and Environment, 23, pp. 513-524; 
Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive ability in childhood: A systematic review (2004) Psychological Bulletin, 130, pp. 989-1013; 
Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Rush, M.A., Whalley, L.J., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish Mental Survey 1932 (2001) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 85, pp. 189-196; 
Singer, J.D., Using SAS PROC MIXED to fit multilevel models, hierarchical models, and individual growth models (1998) Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 23, pp. 323-355; 
Turkheimer, E., Haley, A., Waldron, M., D'Onofrio, B., Gottesman, I.I., Socioeconomic status modifies heritability of IQ in young children (2003) Psychological Science, 14, pp. 623-628; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23844535106&doi=10.1016%2fj.intell.2005.05.004&partnerID=40&md5=606d1fcc25bd68aa683e03327892fa6f
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Big and tall parents have more sons: Further generalizations of the Trivers-Willard hypothesis
T2  - Journal of Theoretical Biology
J2  - J. Theor. Biol.
VL  - 235
IS  - 4
SP  - 583
EP  - 590
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.02.010
SN  - 00225193 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kanazawa, S.
AD  - Interdisciplinary Institute of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
AB  - This paper proposes the generalized Trivers-Willard hypothesis (gTWH), which suggests that parents who possess any heritable trait which increases male reproductive success at a greater rate than female reproductive success in a given environment will have a higher-than-expected offspring sex ratio, and parents who possess any heritable trait which increases female reproductive success at a greater rate than male reproductive success in a given environment will have a lower-than-expected offspring sex ratio. Since body size (height and weight) is a highly heritable trait which increases male (but not female) reproductive success, the paper hypothesizes that bigger and taller parents have more sons. The analysis of both surviving children and recent pregnancies among respondents of the National Child Development Survey and the British Cohort Survey largely supports the hypothesis. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Evolutionary psychology
KW  - Generalized Trivers-Willard hypothesis (gTWH)
KW  - Offspring sex ratio
KW  - body size
KW  - heritability
KW  - reproductive success
KW  - sex ratio
KW  - body height
KW  - body size
KW  - body weight
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - data analysis
KW  - demography
KW  - economic aspect
KW  - empiricism
KW  - evolution
KW  - health survey
KW  - heritability
KW  - human
KW  - hypothesis
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - priority journal
KW  - progeny
KW  - reproduction
KW  - review
KW  - risk factor
KW  - sex difference
KW  - social class
KW  - survival rate
KW  - theoretical study
KW  - Body Constitution
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Body Size
KW  - Body Weight
KW  - Evolution
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Models, Genetic
KW  - Parents
KW  - Sex Ratio
N1  - Cited By :35
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JTBIA
C2  - 15935175
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kanazawa, S.; Interdisciplinary Institute of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom; email: s.kanazawa@lse.ac.uk
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Baron-Cohen, S., Hammer, J., Is autism an extreme form of the male brain? (1997) Adv. Infancy Res., 11, pp. 193-217; 
Baron-Cohen, S., Lutchmaya, S., Knickmeyer, R., (2004) Prenatal Testosterone in Mind: Amniotic Fluid Studies, , MIT Press Cambridge; 
Betzig, L.L., (1986) Despotism and Differential Reproduction: A Darwinian View of History, , Aldine New York; 
Betzig, L., Weber, S., Presidents preferred sons (1995) Polit. Life Sci., 14, pp. 61-64; 
Booth, A., Osgood, D.W., The influence of testosterone on deviance in adulthood: Assessing and explaining the relationship (1993) Criminology, 31, pp. 93-117; 
Brown, G.R., Sex-biased investment in nonhuman primates: Can Trivers & Willard's theory be tested? (2001) Anim. Behav., 61, pp. 683-694; 
Brown, G.R., Silk, J.B., Reconsidering the null hypothesis: Is maternal rank associated with sex ratios in primate groups? (2002) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci., 99, pp. 11252-11255; 
Burley, N., Sex-ratio manipulation in color-banded populations of zebra finches (1986) Evolution, 40, pp. 1191-1206; 
Buss, D.M., Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures (1989) Behav. Brain Sci., 12, pp. 1-49; 
Chambers, M.L., Hewitt, J.K., Schmitz, S., Corley, R.P., Fulker, D.W., Height, weight, and body mass index (2001) Infancy to Early Childhood: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Developmental Change, pp. 292-306. , J.K. Hewitt R.N. Emde Oxford University Press London; 
Clutton-Brock, T.H., Albon, S.D., Guinness, F.E., Great expectations: Maternal dominance, sex ratios and offspring reproductive success in red deer (1986) Anim. Behav., 34, pp. 460-471; 
Cronk, L., Preferential parental investment in daughters over sons (1991) Human Nature, 2, pp. 387-417; 
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Freese, J., Powell, B., Sociobiology, status, and parental investment in sons and daughters: Testing the Trivers-Willard hypothesis (1999) Am. J. Sociol., 106, pp. 1704-1743; 
Gaulin, S.J.C., Robbins, C.J., Trivers-Willard effect in contemporary north American Society (1991) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 85, pp. 61-69; 
Grant, V.J., (1998) Maternal Personality, Evolution, and the Sex Ratio: Do Mothers Control the Sex of the Infant?, , Routledge London; 
Harris, J.A., Vernon, P.A., Boomsma, D.I., The heritability of testosterone: A study of Dutch adolescent twins and their parents (1998) Behav. Genet., 28, pp. 165-171; 
Kanazawa, S., Why we love our children (2001) Am. J. Sociol., 106, pp. 1761-1776; 
Kanazawa, S., Can evolutionary psychology explain reproductive behavior in the contemporary United States? (2003) Sociol. Quart., 44, pp. 291-301; 
Kanazawa, S., (2004) Battered Women Have More Sons: A Possible Evolutionary Reason Why Some of Them Stay, , Interdisciplinary Institute of Management. London School of Economics and Political Science; 
Kanazawa, S., Kovar, J.L., Why beautiful people are more intelligent (2004) Intelligence, 32, pp. 227-243; 
Kanazawa, S., Vandermassen, G., Engineers have more sons, nurses have more daughters: An evolutionary psychological extension of Baron-Cohen's extreme male brain theory of autism and its empirical implications (2005) J. Theor. Biol., 233, pp. 589-599; 
Keller, M.C., Nesse, R.M., Hofferth, S., The Trivers-Willard hypothesis of parental investment: No effect in the contemporary United States (2001) Evol. Human Behav., 22, pp. 343-360. , 10.1016/S1090-5138(01)00075-7; 
Koziel, S., Ulijaszek, S., Waiting for Trivers and Willard: Do the rich really favor sons? (2001) Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 115, pp. 71-79; 
Leimar, O., Life history analysis of the Trivers-Willard sex-ratio problem (1996) Behav. Ecol., 7, pp. 316-325; 
Mueller, U., Social status and sex (1993) Nature, 363, p. 490; 
Myers, J.H., Sex ratio adjustment under food stress: Maximization of quality or number of offspring? (1978) Am. Nat., 112, pp. 381-388; 
Nettle, D., Height and reproductive success in a cohort of British men (2002) Human Nature, 13, pp. 473-491; 
Nettle, D., Women's height, reproductive success and the evolution of sexual dimorphism in modern humans (2002) Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B - Biol. Sci., 269, pp. 1919-1923; 
Pawlowski, B., Dunbar, R.I.M., Lipowicz, A., Tall men have more reproductive success (2000) Nature, 403, p. 156; 
Silventoinen, K., Kaprio, J., Lahelma, E., Viken, R.J., Rose, R.J., Sex differences in genetic and environmental factors contributing to body-height (2001) Twin Res., 4, pp. 25-29; 
Soler, H., Vinayak, P., Quadgno, D., Biosocial aspects of domestic violence (2000) Psychoneuroendocrinology, 25, pp. 721-739; 
Symington, M.M., Sex ratio and maternal rank in wild spider monkeys: When daughters disperse (1987) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 20, pp. 421-425; 
Tallal, P., Ross, R., Curtiss, S., Unexpected sex-ratios in families of language/learning-impaired children (1989) Neuropsychologia, 27, pp. 987-998; 
Trivers, R.L., Parental investment and sexual selection (1972) Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man 1871-1971, pp. 136-179. , B. Campbell Aldine Chicago; 
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Trivers, R.L., Willard, D.E., Natural selection of parental ability to vary the sex ratio of offspring (1973) Science, 179, pp. 90-92
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Childhood cognitive ability and age at menopause: Evidence from two cohort studies
T2  - Menopause
J2  - Menopause
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
SP  - 475
EP  - 482
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1097/01.GME.0000153889.40119.4C
SN  - 10723714 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kuh, D.
AU  - Butterworth, S.
AU  - Kok, H.
AU  - Richards, M.
AU  - Hardy, R.
AU  - Wadsworth, M.E.J.
AU  - Leon, D.A.
AD  - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
AD  - Noncommunicable Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective: To investigate whether poorer cognitive ability in childhood is associated with an earlier menopause. Design: Two cohorts were included: a nationally representative British birth cohort study of 1,350 women born in March 1946 and followed up to age 54 years, and an Aberdeen cohort study of 3,465 women born in Aberdeen from 1950 to 1956 and followed up to age 44 to 50 years. Both cohorts had prospective information on childhood cognitive ability at age 7 or 8 years. Results: In both cohorts, women with lower cognitive scores in childhood reached menopause earlier than women with higher scores. With follow-up of menopause to 49 years, the hazard ratio (HR) for one standard deviation of the cognitive score was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.72-0.90) in the Aberdeen cohort and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.73-0.97) in the older 1946 birth cohort. The effect was still evident in the 1946 birth cohort with follow-up of menopause to 53 years (HR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79-0.95). These ratios were weakly attenuated by adjustment for potential confounding effects of lifetime socioeconomic circumstances, parity, and smoking. Conclusions: The association between early cognitive ability and timing of menopause only partially reflects common risk factors, although residual confounding remains a possibility. Alternatively, early environmental or genetic programming may explain this association, perhaps through setting lifelong patterns of hormone release or causing transient hormonal changes at sensitive periods of development. These findings have implications for the interpretation of studies investigating an association between age at menopause and adult cognitive function. © 2005 The North American Menopause Society.
KW  - Childhood cognition
KW  - Cohort study
KW  - Menopause
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - childhood disease
KW  - cognition
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - environmental factor
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - hormonal regulation
KW  - hormone release
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - menopause
KW  - parity
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intelligence Tests
KW  - Menopause
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Occupations
KW  - Proportional Hazards Models
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Social Class
N1  - Cited By :28
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: MENOF
C2  - 16037764
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kuh, D.; MRC National Survey of Health and Development, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; email: d.kuh@nhsd.mrc.ac.uk
N1  - References: Van Der Schouw, Y.T., Van Der, G.Y., Steyerberg, E.W., Eijkemans, J.C., Banga, J.D., Age at menopause as a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality (1996) Lancet, 347, pp. 714-718; 
Hu, F.B., Grodstein, F., Hennekens, C.H., Age at natural menopause and risk of cardiovascular disease (1999) Arch Intern Med, 159, pp. 1061-1066; 
Kelsey, J.L., Gammon, M.D., John, E.M., Reproductive factors and breast cancer (1993) Epidemiol Rev, 15, pp. 36-47; 
Cooper, G.S., Sandler, D.P., Age at natural menopause and mortality (1998) Ann Epidemiol, 8, pp. 229-235; 
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Ginsburg, J., What determines the age at the menopause? (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1288-1289; 
Wise, P.M., Neuroendocrine modulation of the "menopause": Insights into the aging brain (1999) Am J Physiol, 277, pp. E965-E970; 
Sneider, A., MacGregor, A.J., Spector, T.D., Genes control the cessation of a woman's reproductive life: A twin study of hysterectomy and age at menopause (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 83, pp. 1875-1880; 
Treloar, S.A., Do, K.-A., Martin, N.G., Genetic influences on the age at menopause (1998) Lancet, 352, pp. 1084-1085; 
De Bruin, J.P., Bovenhuis, H., Van Noord, P.A., The role of genetic factors in age at natural menopause (2001) Hum Reprod, 16, pp. 2014-2018; 
Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Menopause and gynaecological disorders: A life course perspective (2002) A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, pp. 64-85. , Kuh D, Hardy R, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Richards, M., Kuh, D.L., Hardy, R., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Lifetime cognitive function and timing of natural menopause (1999) Neurology, 53, pp. 308-314; 
Batty, G.D., Morton, S.M.B., Campbell, D., The Aberdeen Children of the 1950s cohort study: Background, methods, and follow-up information on a new resource for the study of life course and intergenerational influences on health (2004) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 18, pp. 221-239; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., Butterworth, S., Hardy, R.J., The life course prospective design: An example of benefits and costs associated with study longevity (2003) Soc Sci Med, 57, pp. 2193-2205; 
Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Women's health in midlife: Findings from a British birth cohort study (2003) J Br Menopause Soc, 9, pp. 55-60; 
Brambilla, D., McKinlay, S.M., Johannes, C.B., Defining the perimenopause for application in epidemiologic investigations (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 140, pp. 1091-1095; 
Batty, G.D., Clark, H., Morton, S.M.B., Intelligence in childhood and mortality, migration, questionnaire response rate, and self-reported morbidity and risk factor levels in adulthood: Preliminary findings from the Aberdeen "Children of the 1950s" study (2002) J Epidemiol Community Health, 56 (SUPPL. 2), pp. A1; 
Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M., Smoking, body mass index, socioeconomic status and the age at menopause transition in a British national cohort (2000) Int J Epidemiol, 29, pp. 845-851; 
Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Social and environmental conditions across the life course and age at menopause in a British birth cohort study (2005) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 112, pp. 346-354; 
Whalley, L.J., Fox, H.C., Starr, J.M., Deary, I.J., Age at natural menopause and cognition (2004) Maturitas, 49, pp. 148-156; 
Shinberg, D.S., An event history analysis of age at last menstrual period: Correlates of natural and surgical menopause among midlife Wisconsin women (1998) Soc Sci Med, 46, pp. 1381-1396; 
Gold, E.B., Bromberger, J., Crawford, S., Factors associated with age at natural menopause in a multiethnic sample of midlife women (2001) Am J Epidemiol, 153, pp. 865-874; 
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Cresswell, J.L., Egger, P., Fall, C.H.D., Osmond, C., Fraser, R.B., Barker, D.J.P., Is the age of menopause determined in-utero? (1997) Early Hum Dev, 49, pp. 143-148; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23244468555&doi=10.1097%2f01.GME.0000153889.40119.4C&partnerID=40&md5=6c632ba457119cba63023b23116b8243
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Smoking during pregnancy and bulimia nervosa in offspring
T2  - Journal of Perinatal Medicine
J2  - J. Perinat. Med.
VL  - 33
IS  - 3
SP  - 206
EP  - 211
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1515/JPM.2005.038
SN  - 03005577 (ISSN) 
AU  - Montgomery, S.M.
AU  - Ehlin, A.
AU  - Ekbom, A.
AD  - Clinical Research Center, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
AD  - Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Universitetssjukhuset Örebro, Kliniskt Forskningscentrum, 701 85 Örebro, Sweden
AB  - Because smoking during pregnancy is implicated in influencing appetite and impulse control in offspring, the aim of this study was to establish if it is associated with bulimia nervosa in offspring. Bulimia was identified at age 30 years among 4046 females, born 5-11 April, 1970. After adjustment for potential confounding factors including body mass index (BMI) and maternal psychiatric morbidity, smoking during pregnancy was associated with bulimia in offspring by age 30 years. Compared with non-smoking mothers, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for bulimia in offspring were 0.74 (0.25-2.21) for those who gave up before pregnancy, 3.04 (1.16-7.95) for giving up during pregnancy and 2.64 (1.47-4.74) for smoking throughout pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy was not associated with anorexia nervosa in offspring. Neither BMI nor variation between childhood and adult BMI explain the association. If the association of smoking during pregnancy with bulimia in offspring is causal, then it may operate through compromised central nervous system development and its influence on impulse or appetite control. The increased risk associated with mothers who gave up smoking during pregnancy emphasizes the importance of smoking cessation prior to conception. Copyright © by Walter de Gruyter.
KW  - Anorexia nervosa
KW  - Appetite
KW  - Bulimia nervosa
KW  - Longitudinal
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Smoking
KW  - adult
KW  - anorexia nervosa
KW  - appetite
KW  - article
KW  - birth
KW  - body mass
KW  - bulimia
KW  - central nervous system
KW  - confidence interval
KW  - controlled study
KW  - disease association
KW  - female
KW  - high risk pregnancy
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - maternal morbidity
KW  - mental disease
KW  - mother
KW  - nervous system development
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - priority journal
KW  - progeny
KW  - smoking
KW  - smoking cessation
KW  - Adult
KW  - Anorexia Nervosa
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Breast Feeding
KW  - Bulimia
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Maternal Exposure
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy Complications
KW  - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Smoking Cessation
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
N1  - Cited By :11
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JPEMA
C2  - 15914342
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Montgomery, S.M.; Universitetssjukhuset Örebro, Kliniskt Forskningscentrum, 701 85 Örebro, Sweden; email: scott.montgomery@medks.ki.se
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Montgomery, S.M., Ekbom, A., Smoking during pregnancy and diabetes mellitus in a British longitudinal birth cohort (2002) Br Med J, 324, p. 26; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23044467929&doi=10.1515%2fJPM.2005.038&partnerID=40&md5=8e378724a8effb3656454253ead909b4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Young fatherhood and subsequent disadvantage in the United Kingdom
T2  - Journal of Marriage and Family
J2  - J. Marriage Fam.
VL  - 67
IS  - 3
SP  - 735
EP  - 753
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00166.x
SN  - 00222445 (ISSN) 
AU  - Sigle-Rushton, W.
AD  - London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Social Policy, Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
AB  - Although there has been increasing attention to the importance of fathers and their relationships with their children, few studies have examined young parenthood and its consequences for fathers' life chances. In recent years, this has begun to change, and research is examining, to a far greater extent, the experiences of young fathers. Using data from a cohort of British men born in 1970, this paper uses a propensity score-matching technique to compare the well-being of 344 men who reported becoming fathers before the age of 22 with men from similar backgrounds who did not. The findings suggest that selection into young fatherhood is substantial but, for some outcomes, significant differences remain.
KW  - British cohort study
KW  - Fatherhood
KW  - Propensity score matching
N1  - Cited By :27
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JMFAA
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Sigle-Rushton, W.; London School of Economics and Political ScienceUnited Kingdom; email: w.siglerushton@lse.ac.uk
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Halle, T., (2002) Charting Parenthood: A Statistical Portrait of Fathers and Mothers in America, , Washington, DC: Child Trends; 
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Wright, B.R.E., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., Silva, P.A., Low self-control, social bonds, and crime: Social causation, social selection, or both? (1999) Criminology, 37, pp. 479-514
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-32144455367&doi=10.1111%2fj.1741-3737.2005.00166.x&partnerID=40&md5=42008fab7d14800dcdfc1fdd2a9ba466
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Parental divorce and subsequent disadvantage: A cross-cohort comparison
T2  - Demography
J2  - Demography
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
SP  - 427
EP  - 446
PY  - 2005
SN  - 00703370 (ISSN) 
AU  - Sigle-Rushton, W.
AU  - Hobcraft, J.
AU  - Kiernan, K.
AD  - Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
AB  - Although many studies have examined the link between parental divorce and subsequent well-being, some theories of the effects of divorce suggest that the negative associations should have declined over time. However, few studies have examined the extent to which the associations have remained stable over time. Using data from two British cohorts, we analyzed both shorter- and longer-term outcomes of children who experienced parental divorce and the extent to which the associations have changed over time. Estimating similar models for both cohorts, we found little evidence of any change in the size of the relationship as divorce became more commonplace.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - child welfare
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - comparative study
KW  - cross-sectional study
KW  - divorce
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - information processing
KW  - male
KW  - parent
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Welfare
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Divorce
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Parents
N1  - Cited By :56
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 16235607
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Sigle-Rushton, W.; Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom; email: w.sigle-rushton@lse.ac.uk
N1  - References: Amato, P.R., Keith, B., "Parental Divorce and the Well-being of Children: A Meta-Analysis" (1991) Psychological Bulletin, 110, pp. 26-46; 
Amato, P.R., Keith, B., "Parental Divorce and Adult Well-being: A Meta-Analysis" (1991) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, pp. 43-58; 
Biblarz, T.J., Raftery, A., "Family Structure, Educational Attainment, and Socioeconomic Success: Rethinking the 'Pathology of the Matriarchy'" (1999) American Journal of Sociology, 105, pp. 321-365; 
Burrows, R., (1997) Contemporary Patterns of Residential Mobility in Relation to Social Housing in England, , York, England: Centre for Housing Policy, University of York; 
Bynner, J., Elias, P., McKnight, A., Pan, H., Pierre, G., (2002) Young People's Changing Routes to Independence, , London: Joseph Rowntree Association; 
Bynner, J., Joshi, H., "Equality and Opportunity in Education: Evidence From the 1958 and 1970 Birth Cohort Studies" (2002) Oxford Review of Education, 28, pp. 405-425; 
Cherlin, A.J., Furstenberg, F.F., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Kiernan, K., Robins, P.K., Morrison, D.R., Teitler, J.O., "Longitudinal Studies of Effects of Divorce on Children in Great Britain and the United States" (1991) Science, 252, pp. 1386-1389. , (June 7); 
Cherlin, A.J., Kiernan, K., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., "Parental Divorce in Childhood and Demographic Outcomes in Young Adulthood" (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 299-318; 
Collins, D., Deepchand, K., Fitzgerald, R., Perry, J., Bynner, J., Butler, N., Ferri, E., Smith, K., (2001) Stability, Change, and Development in the British Population, , Technical Report. London: Joint Centre for Longitudinal Research; 
Despotiduou, S., Shepherd, P., (1998) 1970 British Cohort Study, Twenty Six Year Follow Up, , Guide to data available at the ESRC Data Archive, Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London; 
Ely, M., Richards, M.P.M., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Elliot, B.J., "Secular Changes in the Association of Parental Divorce and Children's Educational Attainment? Evidence From Three British Cohorts" (1999) Journal of Social Policy, 28, pp. 437-455; 
Furstenberg, F.F., Kiernan, K., "Delayed Parental Divorce: How Much Do Children Benefit?" (2001) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 63, pp. 446-457; 
Hobcraft, J.N., "Intergenerational and Life-Course Transmission of Social Exclusion: Influences of Child Poverty, Family Disruption, and Contact With the Police" (1998), CASE Paper 15, ESRC Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics; Jekielek, S.M., "Parental Conflict, Marital Disruption, and Children's Emotional Well-being" (1998) Social Forces, 76, pp. 905-935; 
Kiernan, K., "The Impact of Family Disruption in Childhood on Transitions Made in Young Adult Life" (1992) Population Studies, 46, pp. 213-234; 
Kiernan, K., "The Legacy of Parental Divorce: Social, Economic, and Demographic Experiences in Adulthood" (1997), CASE Paper 1. Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics; Kiernan, K., "Cohabitation and Divorce Across Nations and Generations" (2004) Human Development Across Lives and Generations: The Potential for Change, pp. 139-1370. , edited by P.L. Chase-Lansdale, K. Kiernan, and R. Friedman. New York: Cambridge University Press; 
Lee, P., Murie, A., (1997) Poverty, Housing Tenure, and Social Exclusion, , Bristol, England: The Policy Press; 
McLanahan, S.S., Sandefur, G., (1994) Growing Up With a Single Parent: What Hurts, What Helps?, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 
Morrison, D.R., Cherlin, A.J., "The Divorce Process and Young Children's Well-being: A Prospective Analysis" (1995) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, pp. 800-812; 
Murie, A., Niner, P., Watson, C., (1976) Housing Policy and the Housing System, , London: Allen and Unwin; 
Richman, N., "Depression in Mothers of Young Children" (1978) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 71, pp. 489-493; 
Rogers, B., Pryor, J., (1998) Divorce and Separation: The Outcomes for Children, , York, England: Joseph Rowntree Foundation; 
Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Graham, P., "Isle of Wight Studies: 1964-1974" (1976) Psychological Medicine, 16, pp. 689-700; 
Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health, and Behaviour, , London: Longman; 
Sigle-Rushton, W., McLanahan, S.S., "Father Absence and Child Well-being: A Critical Review" (2004) The Future of the Family, pp. 116-158. , edited by D.P. Moynihan, T. Smeeding, and L. Rainwater. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; 
Stolzenberg, R.M., Relles, D., "Testing Theory in a World of Constrained Research Design" (1990) Sociological Methods and Research, 18, pp. 395-415; 
Wadsworth, M.E., MacLean, A., "Parents' Divorce and Children's Life Chances" (1986) Children and Youth Services Review, 8 (2), pp. 145-159; 
West, A., Pennell, H., (2003) Underachievement in Schools, , London: Routledge Falmer; 
Wolfinger, N.H., "Trends in the Intergenerational Transmission of Divorce" (1999) Demography, 36, pp. 415-420
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-26044438843&partnerID=40&md5=10003ef01568b7ca5ce2b78333f762f8
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Socio-economic position across the life course and hysterectomy in three British cohorts: A cross-cohort comparative study
T2  - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
J2  - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol.
VL  - 112
IS  - 8
SP  - 1126
EP  - 1133
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00654.x
SN  - 14700328 (ISSN) 
AU  - Cooper, R.
AU  - Lawlor, D.A.
AU  - Hardy, R.
AU  - Ebrahim, S.
AU  - Leon, D.A.
AU  - Wadsworth, M.E.J.
AU  - Kuh, D.
AD  - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective: To examine the association between indicators of lifetime socio-economic position and rates of hysterectomy in three British cohorts. Design: Cross-cohort comparative study. Setting: Two cohorts: England, Scotland and Wales. Third cohort: Aberdeen, Scotland. Population: Three thousand two hundred and eight women born between 1919 and 1940, participating in the British Women's Heart and Health Study (BWHHS); 1394 women from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (NSHD), followed up since birth in 1946; 3208 women born between 1950 and 1955, participating in the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s study, all with complete information on lifetime socio-economic position and hysterectomy status. Methods: Relative indices of inequality were derived for markers of socio-economic position in childhood and adulthood. Cox's regression models were used to test the association between these markers and hysterectomy. Main outcome measure: Self-reported hysterectomy with or without oophorectomy. Results: Adverse socio-economic position in childhood and as indicated by educational status was associated with reduced rates of hysterectomy in the oldest of the three cohorts (BWHHS), whereas conversely in the NSHD and Aberdeen cohorts it was associated with increased rates of hysterectomy. The unadjusted hazards ratios for hysterectomy comparing worst to best socio-economic position for father's social class were 0.73 (0.56, 0.96) for women from the BWHHS, 1.77 (1.19, 2.65) for those from the NSHD and 2.06 (1.46, 2.89) for those from the Aberdeen cohort. Associations between markers of adult socio-economic position and hysterectomy tended to be weaker in all three cohorts and often did not reach conventional levels of statistical significance. Conclusions: Our results show that hysterectomy rates are influenced by childhood socio-economic position and educational attainment, but that the nature of this association varies across these three British cohorts born in different decades of the 20th century. That there were no consistent or strong associations between adult SEP and hysterectomy rates suggest that social factors influencing rates of hysterectomy are likely to be those experienced or which develop in early life rather than those which develop later. © RCOG 2005 BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - comparative study
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - hysterectomy
KW  - infant
KW  - lifespan
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - newborn
KW  - ovariectomy
KW  - priority journal
KW  - self report
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - educational status
KW  - middle aged
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - social class
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - statistics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hysterectomy
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Ovariectomy
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
N1  - Cited By :18
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BIOGF
C2  - 16045529
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Cooper, R.; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Maresh, M.J.A., Metcalfe, M.A., McPherson, K., The VALUE national hysterectomy study: Description of the patients and their surgery (2002) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 109, pp. 302-312; 
Vessey, M.P., Villard-Mackintosh, L., McPherson, K., Coulter, A., Yeates, D., The epidemiology of hysterectomy: Findings in a large cohort study (1992) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 99, pp. 402-407; 
Kasper, A.S., Hysterectomy as social process (1985) Women Health, 10, pp. 109-127; 
Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Menopause and gynaecological disorders: A life course perspective (2002) A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, pp. 64-85. , Kuh D, Hardy R, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Dharmalingam, A., Pool, I., Dickson, J., Biosocial determinants of hysterectomy in New Zealand (2000) Am J Public Health, 90, pp. 1455-1458; 
Harlow, B.L., Barbieri, R.L., Influence of education on risk of hysterectomy before age 45 years (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 150, pp. 843-847; 
Kjerulff, K., Langenberg, P., Guzinski, G., The socioeconomic correlates of hysterectomies in the United States (1993) Am J Public Health, 83, pp. 106-108; 
Kuh, D., Stirling, S., Socioeconomic variation in admission for diseases of female genital system and breast in a national cohort aged 15-43 (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 840-843; 
Marks, N.F., Shinberg, D.S., Socioeconomic differences in hysterectomy: The Wisconsin longitudinal study (1997) Am J Public Health, 87, pp. 1507-1514; 
Marshall, S.F., Hardy, R.J., Kuh, D., Socioeconomic variation in hysterectomy up to age 52: National, population based, prospective cohort study (2000) BMJ, 320, p. 1579; 
Marshall, S., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Changes with age in the socioeconomic gradient in hysterectomy: Findings from a national cohort (2000) J Epidemiol Community Health, 54, p. 782; 
Meilahn, E.N., Matthews, K.A., Egeland, G., Kelsey, S.F., Characteristics of women with hysterectomy (1989) Maturitas, 11, pp. 319-329; 
Santow, G., Bracher, M., Correlates of hysterectomy in Australia (1992) Soc Sci Med, 34, pp. 929-942; 
Seltnes, A., Jorgensen, T., Hysterectomy in a Danish cohort. Prevalence, incidence and socio-demographic characteristics (1996) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 75, pp. 274-280; 
Coulter, A., McPherson, K., Socioeconomic variations in the use of common surgical operations (1985) BMJ, 291, pp. 183-187; 
Ross, C.E., Wu, C., The links between education and health (1995) Am Social Rev, 60, pp. 719-745; 
Kuh, D., Power, C., Blane, D., Bartley, M., Socioeconomic pathways between childhood and adult health (2004) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, pp. 371-395. , Kuh D, Ben-Shlomo Y, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Sacker, A., Schoon, I., Bartley, M., Social inequality in educational achievement and psychosocial adjustment throughout childhood: Magnitude and mechanisms (2002) Soc Sci Med, 55, pp. 863-880; 
Lake, J., Power, C., Cole, T., Significant social class gradient in menstrual disorders (1995) BMJ, 311, p. 1503; 
Power, C., Parsons, T., Overweight and obesity from a life course perspective (2002) A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, pp. 304-328. , Kuh D, Hardy R, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Davey Smith, G., Lynch, J., Life course approaches to socioeconomic differentials in health (2004) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, pp. 77-115. , Kuh D, Ben-Shlomo Y, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Lawlor, D.A., Bedford, C., Taylor, M., Ebrahim, S., Geographical variation in cardiovascular disease, risk factors, and their control in older women: British Women's Heart and Health Study (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 134-140; 
Lawlor, D.A., Ebrahim, S., Davey Smith, G., The association of socio-economic position across the life course and age at menopause: The British Women's Heart and Health Study (2003) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 110, pp. 1078-1087; 
Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Women's health in midlife: Findings from a British birth cohort study (2003) J Br Menopause Soc, 9, pp. 55-60; 
Batty, G.D., Morton, S.M.B., Campbell, D., The Aberdeen Children of the 1950s cohort study: Background, methods, and follow-up information on a new resource for the study of life course and intergenerational influences on health (2004) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 18, pp. 221-239; 
Mackenbach, J.P., Kunst, A.E., Measuring the magnitude of socio-economic inequalities in health: An overview of available measures illustrated with two examples from Europe (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 757-771; 
Kennedy, T.M., Jones, R.H., The epidemiology of hysterectomy and irritable bowel syndrome in a UK population (2000) Int J Clin Prac, 54, pp. 647-650; 
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Thompson, B., Baird, D., Follow-up of 186 sterilised women (1968) Lancet, 1, pp. 1023-1027; 
Baird, D., Sterilization and therapeutic abortion in Aberdeen (1967) Br J Psychiatry, 113, pp. 701-709; 
Baird, D., The Galton Lecture 1970: The obstetrician and society (1971) J Biosoc Sci, (SUPPL. 3), pp. 93-111
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-24344442957&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.2005.00654.x&partnerID=40&md5=d4719b6e62b0790acca228979fb2af4b
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Early life predictors of childhood intelligence: Evidence from the Aberdeen children of the 1950s study
T2  - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
J2  - J. Epidemiol. Community Health
VL  - 59
IS  - 8
SP  - 656
EP  - 663
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1136/jech.2004.030205
SN  - 0143005X (ISSN) 
AU  - Lawlor, D.A.
AU  - Batty, G.D.
AU  - Morton, S.M.B.
AU  - Deary, I.J.
AU  - Macintyre, S.
AU  - Ronalds, G.
AU  - Leon, D.A.
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
AD  - School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective: To identify the early life predictors of childhood intelligence. Design: Cohort study of 10 424 children who were born in Aberdeen (Scotland) between 1950 and 1956. Results: Social class of father around the time of birth, gravidity, maternal age, maternal physical condition, whether the child was born outside of marriage, prematurity, intrauterine growth, and childhood height were all independently associated with childhood intelligence at ages 7, 9, and 11. The effect of social class at birth was particularly pronounced, with a graded linear association across the distribution even with adjustment for all other covariates (p<0.001 for linear trend). Those from the lowest social class (V) had intelligence scores that were on average 0.9-1.0 of a standard deviation lower than those from the higher groups (I and II) at each of the three ages of intelligence testing. Collectively, the early life predictors that were examined explained 16% of the variation in intelligence at each age. Conclusions: Father's social class around the time of birth was an important predictor of childhood intelligence, even after adjustment for maternal characteristics and perinatal and childhood factors. Studies of the association of childhood intelligence with future adult disease need to ensure that the association is not fully explained by socioeconomic position.
KW  - educational attainment
KW  - social status
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - body height
KW  - body mass
KW  - childhood
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - intelligence
KW  - intelligence test
KW  - male
KW  - maternal age
KW  - normal human
KW  - parity
KW  - prediction
KW  - preeclampsia
KW  - prematurity
KW  - prenatal growth
KW  - school child
KW  - social class
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Fathers
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Infant, Premature
KW  - Intelligence
KW  - Male
KW  - Marital Status
KW  - Maternal Age
KW  - Mothers
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy Complications
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Sex Distribution
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Aberdeen [Aberdeen (UNA)]
KW  - Aberdeen [Scotland]
KW  - Eastern Hemisphere
KW  - Eurasia
KW  - Europe
KW  - Scotland
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Western Europe
KW  - World
N1  - Cited By :55
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JECHD
C2  - 16020642
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lawlor, D.A.; Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom; email: d.a.lawlor@bristol.ac.uk
N1  - References: Starr, J.M., Taylor, M.D., Hart, C.L., Childhood mental ability and blood pressure at midlife: Linking the Scottish mental survey 1932 and the Midspan studies (2004) J Hypertens, 22, pp. 893-897; 
Hart, C.L., Taylor, M.D., Davey Smith, G., Childhood IQ, social class, deprivation, and their relationships with mortality and morbidity risk in later life: Prospective observational study linking the Scottish mental survey 1932 and the midspan studies (2003) Psychosom Med, 65, pp. 877-883; 
Osier, M., Andersen, A.M., Due, P., Socioeconomic position in early life, birth weight, childhood cognitive function, and adult mortality. A longitudinal study of Danish men born in 1953 (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 681-686. , Correction appears in J Epidemiol Community Health 2003;57:995; 
Whalley, L.J., Deary, I.J., Longitudinal cohort study of childhood IQ and survival up to age 76 (2001) BMJ, 322, p. 819; 
Kuh, D., Richards, M., Hardy, R., Childhood cognitive ability and deaths up until middle age: A post-war birth cohort study (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 408-413; 
Batty, G.D., Deary, I.J., Early life intelligence and adult health. Emerging associations, plausible mechanisms, and public health importance (2004) BMJ, 329, pp. 585-586; 
Taylor, M.D., Hart, C.L., Davey Smith, G., Childhood mental ability and smoking cessation in adulthood: Prospective observational study linking the Scottish mental survey 1932 and the midspan studies (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 464-465; 
Turkheimer, E., Haley, A., Waldron, M., Socioeconomic status modifies heritability of IQ in young children (2003) Psychol Sci, 14, pp. 623-628; 
Turkheimer, E., Individual and group differences in adoption studies of IQ (1991) Psychol Bull, 110, pp. 392-405; 
Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive ability in childhood: A systematic review (2004) Psychol Bull, 130, pp. 989-1013; 
Breslau, N., Chilcoat, H., Deldotto, J., Low birth weight and neurocognitive status at six years of age (1996) Biol Psychiatry, 40, pp. 389-397; 
Sorensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Olsen, J., Birth weight and cognitive function in young adult life: Historical cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 401-403; 
Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Birth weight and cognitive function in the British 1946 birth cohort: Longitudinal population basea study (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 199-203; 
Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish mental survey 1932 (2001) Arch Dis Childhood, 85, pp. 189-197; 
Jefferis, B.J., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, p. 305; 
Gordon, M., Crouthamel, C., Post, E.M., Psychosocial aspects of constitutional short stature: Social competence, behavior problems, self-esteem, and family functioning (1982) J Pediatr, 101, pp. 477-480; 
Stabler, B., Clopper, R.R., Siegel, P.T., Academic achievement and psychological adjustment in short children. The national cooperative growth study (1994) J Dev Behav Pediatr, 15, pp. 1-6; 
Stathis, S.L., O'Callaghan, M.J., Williams, G.M., Behavioural and cognitive associations of short stature at 5 years (1999) Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 35, pp. 562-567; 
Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Birthweight, postnatal growth and cognitive function in a national UK birth cohort (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 342-348; 
Boardman, J.D., Powers, D.A., Padilla, Y.C., Low birth weight, social factors, and developmental outcomes among children in the United States (2002) Demography, 39, pp. 353-368; 
O'Callaghan, M., Williams, G.M., Andersen, M.J., Social and biological risk factors for mild and borderline impairment of language comprehension in a cohort of five-year-old children (1995) Dev Med Child Neurol, 37, pp. 1051-1061; 
McLoyd, V.C., Socioeconomic disadvantage and child development (1998) Am Psychol, 53, pp. 185-204; 
Gomez-Sanchiz, M., Canete, R., Rodero, I., Influence of breast-feeding on mental and psychomotor development (2003) Clin Pediatr, 42, pp. 35-42; 
Guo, G., Harris, K.M., The mechanisms mediating the effects of poverty on children's intellectual development (2000) Demography, 37, pp. 431-447; 
Rowe, D.C., Jacobson, K.C., Van Den Oord, E.J., Genetic and environmental influences on vocabulary IQ: Parental education level as moderator (1999) Child Dev, 70, pp. 1151-1202; 
Batty, G.D., Morton, S.M.B., Campbell, D., The Aberdeen children of the 1950s cohort study: Background, methods, and follow-up information on a new resource for the study of life-course and intergenerational effects on health (2004) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 18, pp. 221-239; 
Illsley, R., Wilson, F., Longitudinal studies in Aberdeen, Scotland. C. The Aberdeen child development survey (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research. An Empirical Basis for the Primary Prevention of Psychosocial Disorders, pp. 66-68. , Mednick S, Baert A, Bachmann B, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Birch, H.G., Richardson, S.A., Baird, D., (1970) Mental Subnormality in the Community: A Clinical and Epidemiologic Study, , Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 
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Royston, P., Multiple imputation of missing values (2004) Stata Journal, 4, pp. 227-241; 
Korenman, S., Miller, J., Sjaastad, J., Long-term poverty and child development in the United States: Results from the NLSY (1995) Children and Youth Services Review, 17, pp. 127-155; 
Flamin, R., Craig, I., Genetics, environment and cognitive abilities: Review and work in progress towards a genome scan for quantitative trait locus associations using DNA pooling (2001) Br J Psychiatry Suppl, 40, pp. s41-8; 
Lawlor, D.A., Ebrahim, S., Davey Smith, G., Is there a sex difference in the association between birth weight and systolic blood pressure in later life? Findings from a meta-regression analysis (2002) Am J Epidemiol, 156, pp. 1100-1104; 
Mackenzie, H., (1953) The Third Statistical Account of Scotland. The City of Aberdeen, , Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd; 
Thomson, B., Hewitt, A., Skipper, D., (1985) Having a First Baby-experiences in 1951 and 1985 Compared: Two Social, Obstetric and Dietary Studies of Married Primigraviddae in Aberdeen, , Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press; 
Hofferth, S.L., Smith, J., McLoyd, V.C., Achievement and behavior among children of welfare recipients, welfare leavers, and low-income single mothers (2000) Journal of Social Issues, 56, pp. 747-774
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - You'll never walk alone: Childhood influences and male career path clusters
T2  - Labour Economics
J2  - Labour Econ.
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
SP  - 511
EP  - 530
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1016/j.labeco.2005.05.008
SN  - 09275371 (ISSN) 
AU  - Anyadike-Danes, M.
AU  - McVicar, D.
AD  - Economic Research Institute of Northern Ireland, 2-14 East Bridge Street, Belfast BT1 3NQ, United Kingdom
AD  - School of Management and Economics, Queens University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
AB  - This paper examines career paths for a cohort of British 29 year old males born in 1970. A typology of careers is identified using sequence methods and cluster analysis. Among the clear 'types' are several paths dominated by unemployment and other forms of non-employment. These types are strongly correlated with individual characteristics and parental background factors observed at birth, age 10 and age 16. By estimating a multinomial logit model of career types we show how policy makers might identify early on those young men likely to experience long-term unemployment or inactivity as adults, potentially enabling better targeted preventative policy intervention. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Careers
KW  - Cluster analysis
KW  - Inactivity
KW  - Optimal matching
KW  - Unemployment
N1  - Cited By :12
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: LECOE
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Anyadike-Danes, M.; Economic Research Institute of Northern Ireland, 2-14 East Bridge Street, Belfast BT1 3NQ, United Kingdom; email: M.Anyadike-Danes@qub.ac.uk
N1  - References: Abbott, A., (2001) Time Matters On Theory and Method, , Chicago: U.P; 
Abbott, A., Forrest, J., Optimal matching methods for historical data (1986) Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 16, pp. 473-496; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-24044531939&doi=10.1016%2fj.labeco.2005.05.008&partnerID=40&md5=1ebbf9dde50f3dd747144439658ad5b7
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Multinational impact of the 1968 Hong Kong influenza pandemic: Evidence for a smoldering pandemic
T2  - Journal of Infectious Diseases
J2  - J. Infect. Dis.
VL  - 192
IS  - 2
SP  - 233
EP  - 248
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1086/431150
SN  - 00221899 (ISSN) 
AU  - Viboud, C.
AU  - Grais, R.F.
AU  - Lafont, B.A.P.
AU  - Miller, M.A.
AU  - Simonsen, L.
AD  - Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
AD  - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
AD  - Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, 16 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
AB  - Background. The first pandemic season of A/H3N2 influenza virus (1968/1969) resulted in significant mortality in the United States, but it was the second pandemic season of A/H3N2 influenza virus (1969/1970) that caused the majority of deaths in England. We further explored the global pattern of mortality caused by the pandemic during this period. Methods. We estimated the influenza-related excess mortality in 6 countries (United States, Canada, England and Wales, France, Japan, and Australia) using national vital statistics by age for 1967-1978. Geographical and temporal pandemic patterns in mortality were compared with the genetic drift of the influenza viruses by analyzing hemagglutinin and neuraminidase sequences from GenBank. Results. In North America, the majority of influenza-related deaths in 1968/1969 and 1969/1970 occurred during the first pandemic season (United States, 70%; Canada, 54%). Conversely, in Europe and Asia, the pattern was reversed: 70% of deaths occurred during the second pandemic season. The second pandemic season coincided with a drift in the neuraminidase antigen. Conclusion. We found a consistent pattern of mortality being delayed until the second pandemic season of A/H3N2 circulation in Europe and Asia. We hypothesize that this phenomenon may be explained by higher pre-existing neuraminidase immunity (from the A/H2N2 era) in Europe and Asia than in North America, combined with a subsequent drift in the neuraminidase antigen during 1969/1970.
KW  - virus antigen
KW  - virus hemagglutinin
KW  - virus sialidase
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - Australia
KW  - Canada
KW  - child
KW  - controlled study
KW  - epidemic
KW  - follow up
KW  - France
KW  - genetic drift
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - Hong Kong
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - influenza
KW  - Influenza virus A
KW  - Japan
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - mortality
KW  - pandemic
KW  - phylogeny
KW  - priority journal
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - vital statistics
KW  - Disease Outbreaks
KW  - Geography
KW  - Hong Kong
KW  - Humans
KW  - Influenza A virus
KW  - Influenza, Human
KW  - North America
KW  - Phylogeny
KW  - Seasons
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :112
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JIDIA
C2  - 15962218
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Viboud, C.; Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, 16 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; email: viboudc@mail.nih.gov
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-22244452609&doi=10.1086%2f431150&partnerID=40&md5=05400a74294cb7b6730124b93b095622
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - An evaluation of the childhood family structure measures from the sixth wave of the British Household Panel Survey
T2  - Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A: Statistics in Society
J2  - J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A Stat. Soc.
VL  - 168
IS  - 3
SP  - 539
EP  - 566
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1111/j.1467-985X.2005.00362.x
SN  - 09641998 (ISSN) 
AU  - Francesconi, M.
AD  - University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Economics, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom
AB  - The paper performs an evaluation of the data that were collected in the sixth wave of the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) on childhood family structure. After comparing such data with a large number of studies by using external sources, we find that the BHPS data over-estimate the proportion of people who report an experience of life in a non-intact family during childhood by about 10%. Although an explanation based on recall error that deteriorates with the age of the BHPS respondents is possible, the overestimation is likely to be accounted for by non-ignorable attrition that may affect most of the comparison studies based on longitudinal data. Conversely, comparisons with other independent measurements from the BHPS itself reveal that the wave 6 data underestimate the proportion of young people who have lived at least part of their childhood in a non-intact family by about 8%. The probability of disagreement between these two sets of measures is strongly associated with poor interview characteristics, which may affect the comparison measure more than the wave 6 measure. Despite such differences, there is therefore a substantial degree of similarity between the family structure information that was collected in the sixth wave of the BHPS and the host of highly diverse records against which it has been compared. © 2005 Royal Statistical Society.
KW  - Childhood family structure
KW  - Intergenerational links
KW  - Interviewer effects
KW  - Recall error
KW  - Retrospective data
N1  - Cited By :2
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Francesconi, M.; Department of Economics, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom; email: mfranc@essex.ac.uk
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21244505075&doi=10.1111%2fj.1467-985X.2005.00362.x&partnerID=40&md5=accac66ad4078b223e93afad65cb39c0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Recent demographic developments in France
T2  - Population
J2  - Population
VL  - 60
IS  - 4
SP  - 371
EP  - 414
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.2307/4148180
SN  - 16342941 (ISSN) 
AU  - Prioux, F.
AD  - Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133 bd Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France
AB  - In 2004, a year marked by a sharp drop in the number of deaths and a small increase in births, natural increase was relatively high. France is one of the few European countries whose population is rising primarily due to natural growth. Immigration increased again in 2003, t hough at a slightly slower pace than in 2002. The total fertility rate increased slightly to 1.9 children per women in 2004. Completed fertility drops sharply after the 1960 cohort however, and may fall below 2 children per women from the 1970 cohort. The number of induced abortions has remained relatively stable. Though the number of civil unions (PACS) is still increasing, the number of marriages has been falling since 2000. The proportion of ever-married men and women at age 50 decreases from one cohort to the next, while the mean age at first marriage is increasing. The frequency of union dissolution (divorces and separation of unmarried couples) has increased considerably. These changes in conjugal behaviour are raising the number of adult men and women who live alone. Life expectancy regis tered an exceptional increase in 2004 (+0.9 years for women and +0.8 years for men), and this cannot be explained solely by a "harvest effect" following the exceptional mortality in 2003 due to the August heatwave, or by the absence of an influenza epidemic in 2004. Mortality among the elderly is continuing to decline, and this decrease is largely responsible for the increase in mean length of life, for women in particular.
KW  - birth rate
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - demographic survey
KW  - demographic trend
KW  - fertility
KW  - life expectancy
KW  - mortality
KW  - social change
KW  - Eurasia
KW  - Europe
KW  - France
KW  - Western Europe
N1  - Cited By :14
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Prioux, F.; Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133 bd Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France; email: prioux@ined.fr
N1  - References: Beaumel, C., Richet-Mastain, L., Vatan, M., (2005) La Situation Démographique En 2003. Mouvement De La Population, p. 45. , Insee résultats, Société no41, + CD-ROM; 
(2005) La Population De La France. Évolutions Démographiques Depuis 1946, 1-2, p. 884. , Bergouignan C., Blayo C., Parant A., Sardon J.-P., Tribalat M. (eds.), CUDEP; 
Borrel, C., Durr, J.-M., "Enquêtes annuelles de recensement: Premiers résultats de la collecte 2004. Principales caractéristiques de la population et des logements" (2005) Insee Première, (1001); 
(2005) Recent Demographic Developments in Europe, 2004, p. 128. , Council of Europe, Council of Europe Publishing, + CD-ROM; 
Delmeyre, Y., "Histoire des unions dans les cohortes" (2005) La Population De La France. Évolutions Démographiques Depuis 1946, 1, pp. 143-168. , in Bergouignan et al. (eds.), CUDEP; 
Desplanques, G., Royer, J.-F., "Enquêtes annuelles de recensement: Premiers résultats de la collecte 2004. 62 millions d'habitants en France an ler, janvier 2004" (2005) Insee Première, (1000); 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33750603536&doi=10.2307%2f4148180&partnerID=40&md5=acf70129282d8ea00d0d7d2f184038d5
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Has the reciprocal relationship between employment and marriage changed for men? An analysis of the life histories of men born in the Netherlands between 1930 and 1970
T2  - Population Studies
J2  - Popul. Stud.
VL  - 59
IS  - 2
SP  - 211
EP  - 231
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1080/00324720500099587
SN  - 00324728 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kalmijn, M.
AU  - Luijkx, R.
AD  - Department of Social Cultural Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
AB  - The study presented here analyses the reciprocal relationship for men between employment career and union formation and examines whether this relationship changed across twentieth-century birth cohorts. Competing hypotheses about trends are described, using notions of role-specialization, spouse support, and uncertainty. The study is based on an investigation of the life histories of 2,795 men in the Netherlands who were born between the 1930s and the 1960s, and confirms earlier findings by showing that employment fosters marriage while marriage protects men from becoming unemployed. There is also a relationship between employment and cohabitation but it is weaker in both directions. However, the relationship between marriage or cohabitation and occupational mobility is less clear, suggesting that the economic benefits of marriage cannot be generalized to the occupational domain. Although it is commonly believed that the link for men between career and marriage has weakened over time, our comparison of birth cohorts shows that in fact this is not the case. © 2005 Population Investigation Committee.
KW  - Cohabitation
KW  - Employment
KW  - Marriage
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Occupation
KW  - demographic trend
KW  - employment
KW  - life history
KW  - marriage
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - employment
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - family size
KW  - human
KW  - information processing
KW  - male
KW  - marriage
KW  - middle aged
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Cohort Effect
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Employment
KW  - Family Characteristics
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Marriage
KW  - Men
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Benelux
KW  - Eastern Hemisphere
KW  - Eurasia
KW  - Europe
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Western Europe
KW  - World
N1  - Cited By :29
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: POSTA
C2  - 16096199
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kalmijn, M.; Department of Social Cultural Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands; email: m.kalmijn@uvt.nl
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-22144434700&doi=10.1080%2f00324720500099587&partnerID=40&md5=af82f8bdb57a1dac5134011397d9be04
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Supplement use is associated with health status and health-related behaviors in the 1946 British Birth Cohort
T2  - Journal of Nutrition
J2  - J. Nutr.
VL  - 135
IS  - 7
SP  - 1782
EP  - 1789
PY  - 2005
SN  - 00223166 (ISSN) 
AU  - McNaughton, S.A.
AU  - Mishra, G.D.
AU  - Paul, A.A.
AU  - Prynne, C.J.
AU  - Wadsworth, M.E.J.
AD  - MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 9NL, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, University College and Royal Free Medical School, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
AB  - Use of dietary supplements may be one of a number of health-related behaviors that cluster together. The current study investigated the underlying diet, health-related characteristics, and behaviors of users and nonusers of dietary supplements in a longitudinal study of health. Participants (n = 1776) completed a 5-d food diary including information on dietary supplement use (vitamins, minerals, and nutraceuticals) at age 53 y. Sociodemographic information and data on smoking, alcohol, and physical activity were obtained along with anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and a blood sample (nonfasting subjects). A significantly greater percentage of women reported supplement use compared with men (45.1 vs. 25.2%). Supplement use was associated with lower BMI, lower waist circumference, higher plasma folate and plasma vitamin B-12 concentrations, nonsmoking, participation in physical activity, and nonmanual social class in women and with plasma folate concentrations and participation in physical activity in men, Nonsupplement users tended to be nonconsumers of breakfast cereals, fruit, fruit juice, yogurt, oily fish, and olive oil and had lower dietary intakes of potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, and vitamin C even after adjustment for sociodemographic and behavioral factors. Overall, supplement users tended to differ from nonsupplement users on a range of health-related behaviors and health status indicators, although there were fewer significant associations in men. Similarly, dietary supplements users tended to have underlying diets that, were healthier and those taking supplements may be the least likely to need them. These results support the notion of a clustering of healthy behaviors and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly for women. © 2005 American Society for Nutritional Sciences.
KW  - Cardiovascular disease risk
KW  - Dietary intake
KW  - Dietary supplements
KW  - Health status
KW  - Life-style behaviors
KW  - ascorbic acid
KW  - cyanocobalamin
KW  - folic acid
KW  - iron
KW  - magnesium
KW  - olive oil
KW  - phosphorus
KW  - potassium
KW  - yoghurt
KW  - adult
KW  - blood pressure
KW  - body mass
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - cardiovascular risk
KW  - cereal
KW  - conference paper
KW  - controlled study
KW  - diet supplementation
KW  - female
KW  - fish
KW  - food composition
KW  - fruit
KW  - fruit juice
KW  - health status
KW  - human
KW  - lifestyle
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - sex difference
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - waist circumference
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Demography
KW  - Diet Records
KW  - Dietary Supplements
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Behavior
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Humans
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Random Allocation
KW  - Sex Characteristics
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Trace Elements
N1  - Cited By :50
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Conference Paper
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JONUA
C2  - 15987865
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: McNaughton, S.A.; MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge CB1 9NL, United Kingdom; email: sarah.mcnaughton@mrc-hnr.cam.ac.uk
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: ascorbic acid, 134-03-2, 15421-15-5, 50-81-7; cyanocobalamin, 53570-76-6, 68-19-9, 8064-09-3; folic acid, 59-30-3, 6484-89-5; iron, 14093-02-8, 53858-86-9, 7439-89-6; magnesium, 7439-95-4; olive oil, 8001-25-0; phosphorus, 7723-14-0; potassium, 7440-09-7; Trace Elements
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Palmer, M.E., Haller, C., McKinney, P.E., Klein-Schwartz, W., Tschirgi, A., Smolinske, S.C., Woolf, A., Landzberg, B.R., Adverse events associated with dietary supplements: An observational study (2003) Lancet, 361, pp. 101-106; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-22144491543&partnerID=40&md5=1b14fbfe1a2d101c3d5b041c3e9796d6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Alcohol intake as a risk factor for fracture
T2  - Osteoporosis International
J2  - Osteoporosis Int.
VL  - 16
IS  - 7
SP  - 737
EP  - 742
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1007/s00198-004-1734-y
SN  - 0937941X (ISSN) 
AU  - Kanis, J.A.
AU  - Johansson, H.
AU  - Johnell, O.
AU  - Oden, A.
AU  - De Laet, C.
AU  - Eisman, J.A.
AU  - Pols, H.
AU  - Tenenhouse, A.
AD  - WHO Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Orthopaedics, Malmo General Hospital, S-214 01 Malmo, Sweden
AD  - Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands
AD  - Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
AD  - Division of Bone Metabolism, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Que., Canada
AB  - High intakes of alcohol have adverse effects on skeletal health, but evidence for the effects of moderate consumption are less secure. The aim of this study was to quantify this risk on an international basis and explore the relationship of this risk with age, sex, and bone mineral density (BMD). We studied 5,939 men and 11,032 women from three prospectively studied cohorts comprising CaMos, DOES, and the Rotterdam Study. Cohorts were followed for a total of 75,433 person-years. The effect of reported alcohol intake on the risk of any fracture, any osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture alone was examined using a Poisson model for each sex from each cohort. Covariates examined included age and BMD. The results of the different studies were merged using weighted β-coefficients. Alcohol intake was associated with a significant increase in osteoporotic and hip fracture risk, but the effect was nonlinear. No significant increase in risk was observed at intakes of 2 units or less daily. Above this threshold, alcohol intake was associated with an increased risk of any fracture (risk ratio [RR]=1.23; 95% CI, 1.06-1.43), any osteoporotic fracture (RR=1.38; 95% CI, 1.16-1.65), or hip fracture (RR=1.68; 95% CI, 1.19-2.36). There was no significant interaction with age, BMD, or time since baseline assessment. Risk ratios were moderately but not significantly higher in men than in women, and there was no evidence for a different threshold for effect by gender. We conclude that reported intake of alcohol confers a risk of some importance beyond that explained by BMD. The validation of this risk factor on an international basis permits its use in case-finding strategies. © International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation 2004.
KW  - Alcohol
KW  - Hip fracture
KW  - Meta-analysis
KW  - Osteoporotic fracture
KW  - Risk factors
KW  - adult
KW  - age distribution
KW  - aged
KW  - alcohol consumption
KW  - article
KW  - bone density
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - hip fracture
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - osteoporosis
KW  - Poisson distribution
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prospective study
KW  - quantitative analysis
KW  - risk factor
KW  - sex ratio
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Alcohol Drinking
KW  - Bone Density
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Fractures, Bone
KW  - Hip Fractures
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Osteoporosis
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Sex Factors
N1  - Cited By :312
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: OSINE
C2  - 15455194
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kanis, J.A.; WHO Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, United Kingdom; email: w.j.pontefract@shef.ac.uk
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21644466407&doi=10.1007%2fs00198-004-1734-y&partnerID=40&md5=8eb34aa1792558a7056a55394e10e3d8
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Investigating the effects of pre-school provision: Using mixed methods in the EPPE research
T2  - International Journal of Social Research Methodology: Theory and Practice
J2  - Int. J. Soc. Res. Methodol.: Theory Pract.
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
SP  - 207
EP  - 224
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1080/13645570500154840
SN  - 13645579 (ISSN) 
AU  - Sammons, P.
AU  - Siraj-Blatchford, I.
AU  - Sylva, K.
AU  - Melhuish, E.
AU  - Taggart, B.
AU  - Elliot, K.
AD  - Department of Education, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Early Childhood Education, Institute of Education, University of London, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Educational Psychology, University of Oxford, Department of Educational Studies, United Kingdom
AD  - Human Development at Birkbeck, University of London, United Kingdom
AD  - Effective Pre-school and Primary Education (EPPE), Institute of Education
AD  - Institute of Education
AD  - School of Education, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham NG8 6BB, United Kingdom
AB  - The Effective Provision of Pre-school Education (EPPE) project is a longitudinal study of young children between the ages of 3 and 7 years. Research began in 1997 and both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to explore the effects of pre-school education on children's attainment and social/behavioural development at entry to school, and of any continuing effects on such outcomes at the end of Key Stage 1 (age 7). The sample included over 3,000 children and 141 pre-school centres drawn from six different types of providers. In addition, a home sample of children who had not attended a pre-school centre was included. In order to identify the processes that might influence centre effectiveness, observational data were collected and centre managers interviewed. In-depth case studies of 12 more effective centres were used to explore and illuminate the processes, particularly in relation to pedagogy, associated with better child outcomes. A mixed method approach was adopted to simultaneously answer both confirmatory and exploratory questions, to support user engagement and provide triangulation. The paper argues that the mixed method approach supported the development of stronger research inferences. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group Ltd.
N1  - Cited By :32
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Sammons, P.; School of Education, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham NG8 6BB, United Kingdom; email: pam.sammons@nottingham.ac.uk
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Siraj-Blatchford, I., Expanding combined nursery provision: Bridging the gap between care and education (1995) The Early Years: The Way Forward, pp. 1-17. , P. Gammage & J. Meighan (Eds.). Nottingham, UK: Education New Books; 
Siraj-Blatchford, I., Sylva, K., Muttock, S., Gilden, R., Bell, D., (2002) Researching Effective Pedagogy in the Early Years, , (DfES Research Rep. 356). London: DfES; 
Siraj-Blatchford, I., Sylva, K., Taggart, B., Sammons, P., Melhuish, E., (2003) Intensive Case Studies of Practice Across the Foundation Stage, , (EPPE Tech. Paper 10). London: DfES/University of London, Institute of Education; 
Slavin, R.E., Karweit, N.L., Wasik, B.A., (1994) Preventing Early School Failure, , Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon; 
Strauss, A., Corbin, J., (1990) Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques, , Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications; 
Sylva, K., School influences on children's development (1994) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35 (1), pp. 135-170; 
Sylva, K., Wiltshire, J., The impact of early learning on children's later development (1993) European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 1 (1), pp. 17-40; 
Sylva, K., Roy, C., Painter, M., (1980) Childwatching at Playgroup and Nursery, , London: Grant McIntyre; 
Sylva, K., Siraj-Blatchford, I., Taggart, B., (2003) The Early Childhood Environment Rating Scales: 4. Curricular Subscales, , Stoke on Trent, UK: Trentham Books; 
Sylva, K., Siraj-Blatchford, I., Melhuish, E., Sammons, P., Taggart, B., Evans, E., Dobson, A., Sadler, S., (1999) Characteristics of the Centres in the EPPE Sample: Observational Profiles, , (EPPE Tech. Paper 6). London: DfES/Institute of Education; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-22544434343&doi=10.1080%2f13645570500154840&partnerID=40&md5=3728b19b08dd0d5bae050a8de82770ef
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Seasonal fluctuations in birth weight and neonatal limb length; does prenatal vitamin D influence neonatal size and shape?
T2  - Early Human Development
J2  - Early Hum. Dev.
VL  - 81
IS  - 7
SP  - 609
EP  - 618
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2005.03.013
SN  - 03783782 (ISSN) 
AU  - McGrath, J.J.
AU  - Keeping, D.
AU  - Saha, S.
AU  - Chant, D.C.
AU  - Lieberman, D.E.
AU  - O'Callaghan, M.J.
AD  - Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD 4076, Australia
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4065, Australia
AD  - Queensland Fertility Group, 225 Wickham Terrace, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
AD  - Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
AD  - Child Development and Rehabilitation Services, University of Queensland, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
AB  - Background: Birth weight is known to fluctuate with season of birth, however, there is little information about seasonal variation in neonatal anthropometric measures. Aims: The aim of this study was to examine seasonal fluctuations in birth weight and selected anthropometric measures. Study design and subjects: The birth weight of singletons born after at least 37 weeks gestation was extracted from a perinatal register in south-east Queensland (n = 350,171). Mean monthly birth weights for this period were examined. Based on a separate birth cohort, principal component analysis was undertaken on neonatal anthropometric measures (n = 1233). Seasonality was assessed by (a) spectral analysis of time series data, (b) monthly and seasonal comparison of outcomes. Results: Based on register data, birth weight displayed clear annual periodicity. Birth weight differed significantly when compared by month and season. Infants born in October were the heaviest (3484 g), while May-born infants were the lightest (3459 g; P = 0.001). Based on the cohort anthropometric data, three components were identified related to (a) overall size, (b) limb length, and (c) head size and skin-fold thickness. Each of these components displayed significant seasonal variation. In particular, prominent seasonal fluctuations in limb length were identified, with peak limb length associated with winter/spring birth. Conclusion: Environmental factors that have regular seasonal fluctuation influence both the size and shape of neonates. Animal experiments suggest that prenatal hypovitaminosis D may underlie greater limb length. Because birth weight and limb length are associated with a broad range of important health outcomes, the seasonal exposures underlying these effects warrant further scrutiny from a public health perspective. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Anthropometry
KW  - Birth weight
KW  - Limb length
KW  - Seasons
KW  - Vitamin D
KW  - vitamin D
KW  - anthropometry
KW  - article
KW  - Australia
KW  - birth
KW  - birth weight
KW  - cephalometry
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - environmental exposure
KW  - environmental factor
KW  - examination
KW  - gestational age
KW  - human
KW  - leg length
KW  - newborn
KW  - outcomes research
KW  - prenatal care
KW  - principal component analysis
KW  - register
KW  - seasonal variation
KW  - skinfold thickness
KW  - spectroscopy
KW  - spring
KW  - time series analysis
KW  - vitamin deficiency
KW  - winter
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Body Size
KW  - Body Weights and Measures
KW  - Extremities
KW  - Female
KW  - Fetal Development
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Male
KW  - Periodicity
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Prenatal Care
KW  - Seasons
KW  - Vitamin D
N1  - Cited By :34
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EHDED
C2  - 15972254
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: McGrath, J.J.; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, QLD 4076, Australia; email: john_mcgrath@qcsr.uq.edu.au
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Vitamin D, 1406-16-2
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Gloria-Bottini, F., Meloni, G.F., Finocchi, A., Porcu, S., Amante, A., Bottini, E., Rh system and intrauterine growth. Interaction with season of birth (2000) Dis Markers, 16 (3-4), pp. 139-142; 
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Kennaway, D.J., Programming of the fetal suprachiasmatic nucleus and subsequent adult rhythmicity (2002) Trends Endocrinol Metab, 13 (9), pp. 398-402; 
Cardinali, D.P., Ladizesky, M.G., Boggio, V., Cutrera, R.A., Mautalen, C., Melatonin effects on bone: Experimental facts and clinical perspectives (2003) J Pineal Res, 34 (2), pp. 81-87; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21844456905&doi=10.1016%2fj.earlhumdev.2005.03.013&partnerID=40&md5=fa7b59c4f7074f0048fdda730641321a
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Adult socioeconomic, educational, social, and psychological outcomes of childhood obesity: A national birth cohort study
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - Br. Med. J.
VL  - 330
IS  - 7504
SP  - 1354
EP  - 1357
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1136/bmj.38453.422049.E0
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Viner, R.M.
AU  - Cole, T.J.
AD  - Department of Paediatrics, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
AD  - Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
AB  - Objectives: To assess adult socioeconomic, educational, social, and psychological outcomes of childhood obesity by using nationally representative data. Design: 1970 British birth cohort Participants: 16 567 babies born in Great Britain 5-11 April 1970 and followed up at 5, 10, and 29-30 years. Main outcome measures: Obesity at age 10 and 30 years. Self reported socioeconomic, educational, psychological, and social outcomes at 30 years. Odds ratios were calculated for die risk of each adult outcome associated with obesity in childhood only, obesity in adulthood only, and persistent child and adult obesity, compared with those obese at neither period. Results: Of the 8490 participants with data on body mass index at 10 and 30 years, 4.3% were obese at 10 years and 16.3% at 30 years. Obesity in childhood only was not associated with adult social class, income, years of schooling, educational attainment, relationships, or psychological morbidity in either sex after adjustment for confounding factors. Persistent obesity was not associated with any adverse adult outcomes in men, though it was associated among women with a higher risk of never having been gainfully employed (odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 3.3) and not having a current partner (2.0, 1.3 to 3.3). Conclusions: Obesity limited to childhood has little impact on adult outcomes. Persistent obesity in women is associated with poorer employment and relationship outcomes. Efforts to reduce the socioeconomic and psychosocial burden of obesity in adult life should focus on prevention of the persistence of obesity from childhood into adulthood.
KW  - academic achievement
KW  - article
KW  - body mass
KW  - childhood
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - employment
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - income
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - obesity
KW  - priority journal
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - self report
KW  - sex ratio
KW  - social class
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - adult
KW  - child
KW  - educational status
KW  - female
KW  - male
KW  - prognosis
KW  - risk
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
N1  - Cited By :126
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 15901644
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Viner, R.M.; Department of Paediatrics, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; email: R.Viner@ich.ucl.ac.uk
N1  - References: Reilly, J.J., Methven, E., McDowell, Z.C., Hacking, B., Alexander, D., Stewart, L., Health consequences of obesity (2003) Arch Dis Child, 88, pp. 748-752; 
Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Perrin, J.M., Sobol, A.M., Dietz, W.H., Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood (1993) N Engl J Med, 329, pp. 1008-1012; 
Sargent, J.D., Blanchflower, D.G., Obesity and stature in adolescence and earnings in young adulthood. Analysis of a British birth cohort (1994) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 148, pp. 681-687; 
Bynner, J., Butler, N., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., Smith, K., (2002) The Design and Conduct of the 1999-2000 Surveys of the National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study. UK Data Archive, , London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education. (CLS Cohort Studies Working Paper I); 
Spencer, E.A., Appleby, P.N., Davey, G.K., Key, T.J., Validity of self-reported height and weight in 4808 EPIC-Oxford participants (2002) Public Health Nutr, 5, pp. 561-565; 
Crawley, H.F., Portides, G., Self-reported versus measured height, weight and body mass index amongst 16-17 year old British teenagers (1995) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 19, pp. 579-584; 
Maxwell, S.E., Delaney, H.D., Bivariate median splits and spurious statistical significance (1993) Psychol Bull, 113, pp. 181-190; 
Laitinen, J., Power, C., Ek, E., Sovio, U., Jarvelin, M.R., Unemployment and obesity among young adults in a northern Finland 1966 birth cohort (2002) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 26, pp. 1329-1338; 
Mustillo, S., Worthman, G., Erkanli, A., Keeler, G., Angold, A., Costello, E.J., Obesity and psychiatric disorder: Developmental trajectories (2003) Pediatrics, 111, pp. 851-859; 
Goodman, E., Whitaker, R.C., A prospective study of the role of depression in the development and persistence of adolescent obesity (2002) Pediatrics, 109, pp. 497-504; 
Onyike, C.U., Crum, R.M., Lee, H.B., Lyketsos, C.G., Eaton, W.W., Is obesity associated with major depression? Results from the third national health and nutrition examination survey (2003) Am J Epidemiol, 158, pp. 1139-1147; 
Ferraro, K.F., Thorpe Jr., R.J., Wilkinson, J.A., The life course of severe obesity: Does childhood overweight matter? (2003) J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 58, pp. S110-S119; 
Wright, C.M., Parker, L., Lamont, D., Craft, A.W., Implications of childhood obesity for adult health: Findings from thousand families cohort study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 1280-1284
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20544471338&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.38453.422049.E0&partnerID=40&md5=1468e4b8b0c21cfb5d26de5e6d0ecc4c
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Growth in early life and childhood IQ at age 11 years: The Newcastle Thousand Families study
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Int. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 34
IS  - 3
SP  - 673
EP  - 677
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1093/ije/dyi038
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Pearce, M.S.
AU  - Deary, I.J.
AU  - Young, A.H.
AU  - Parker, L.
AD  - Paediatric and Lifecourse Epidemiology Research Group, School of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LPP, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
AD  - School of Neurology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
AB  - Background: It has been suggested that in addition to genetic factors, fetal and post-natal growth influence childhood cognition, although it is unclear whether such an effect continues throughout childhood. This study aimed at investigating the potential relationships between childhood IQ at age 11 years and birth weight and height at the ages of 9 and 13 years, after adjusting for the confounding factors available to this investigation. Methods: The Newcastle Thousand Families study, a prospectively followed cohort, originally consisted of all 1142 births in the city of Newcastle in May and June 1947. Using data on 733 members of this cohort, we investigated the associations between IQ at age 11, and birth weight and height at ages 9 and 13 years. Results: Birth weight showed no association with childhood IQ. However, height at age 9 years was a significant predictor of childhood IQ after adjusting for socioeconomic status (standardized regression coefficient b = 2.6, 95% CI 1.6-3.6, P < 0.0001). Height at age 13 was also a significant predictor of IQ after adjusting for socioeconomic status (b = 3.4, 95% CI 2.3-4.4, P = 0.001), and explained an additional 2.5% of the variation in IQ scores to that already explained by socioeconomic status and height at age nine. Conclusions: These results suggest a continuing effect of post-natal growth on childhood cognition beyond the age of 9 years. Post-natal growth, which may be influenced by genetic factors and nutrition and socioeconomic circumstances in childhood, may be more important than fetal growth in terms of childhood cognition. © The Author 2005; all rights reserved.
KW  - Birth weight
KW  - Child
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Fetal origins hypothesis
KW  - Growth
KW  - Height
KW  - cognition
KW  - adolescent
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - body height
KW  - child development
KW  - child nutrition
KW  - childhood
KW  - cognition
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - family study
KW  - female
KW  - fetus growth
KW  - heredity
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - intelligence quotient
KW  - male
KW  - postnatal development
KW  - prediction
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prospective study
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - school child
KW  - scoring system
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Development
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intelligence
KW  - Intelligence Tests
KW  - Male
KW  - Parity
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Social Class
N1  - Cited By :42
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJEPB
C2  - 15746206
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Pearce, M.S.; Sir James Spence Institute, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom; email: M.S.Pearce@ncl.ac.uk
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20744455672&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyi038&partnerID=40&md5=27f72e2ce6096cbcb92ac181c9bc53fb
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Intellectual disabilities and socioeconomic inequalities in health: An overview of research
T2  - Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities
J2  - J. Appl. Res. Intellect. Disabil.
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
SP  - 101
EP  - 111
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2005.00239.x
SN  - 13602322 (ISSN) 
AU  - Graham, H.
AD  - Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Social Policy, Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LAI 4YT, United Kingdom
AB  - Background There is an enduring association between socioeconomic position and health, both over time and across major causes of death. Children and adults with intellectual disabilities are disproportionately represented among the poorer and less healthy sections of the population. But research on health inequalities, and on the broader societal influences on health, has yet to be integrated into perspectives and policy for people with intellectual disabilities. Methods The paper reviews evidence on the patterns and causes of socioeconomic inequalities in health. Results It points to evidence that socioeconomic position is the fundamental determinant of health, drawing on longitudinal studies to highlight how it exerts its influence on health from before birth and across the lifecourse. The factors shaping an individual's socioeconomic position are also discussed. Conclusions The paper concludes by identifying research and policy challenges. © 2005 BILD Publications.
KW  - Health inequalities
KW  - Social determinants
KW  - Socio-economic
N1  - Cited By :43
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Graham, H.; Department of Social Policy, Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LAI 4YT, United Kingdom; email: h.m.graham@lancaster.ac.uk
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20444379319&doi=10.1111%2fj.1468-3148.2005.00239.x&partnerID=40&md5=abfd55116a9f8fddbf2dc6328fe9bb2a
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Predictions of mortality from pleural mesothelioma in Italy: A model based on asbestos consumption figures supports results from age-period-cohort models
T2  - International Journal of Cancer
J2  - Int. J. Cancer
VL  - 115
IS  - 1
SP  - 142
EP  - 147
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1002/ijc.20820
SN  - 00207136 (ISSN) 
AU  - Marinaccio, A.
AU  - Montanaro, F.
AU  - Mastrantonio, M.
AU  - Uccelli, R.
AU  - Altavista, P.
AU  - Nesti, M.
AU  - Costantini, A.S.
AU  - Gorini, G.
AD  - Epidemiology Unit, Occupational Medicine Department, Natl. Inst. for Occup. Safety/Prev., Rome, Italy
AD  - Ticino Cancer Registry, Cantonal Institute of Pathology, Locarno, Switzerland
AD  - U. of Toxicol. and Biomed. Sciences, Natl. Agy. New Technol., Ener./E., Rome, Italy
AD  - U. of Occup. and Environ. Epidemiol., Ctr. for Stud. and Prev. of Cancer, Florence, Italy
AD  - Epidemiology Unit, Department of Occupational Medicine, Natl. Inst. for Occup. Safety/Prev., Via Alessandria 220/E, 00198 Rome, Italy
AB  - Italy was the second main asbestos producer in Europe, after the Soviet Union, until the end of the 1980s, and raw asbestos was imported on a large scale until 1992. The Italian pattern of asbestos consumption lags on average about 10 years behind the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom and the Nordic countries. Measures to reduce exposure were introduced in the mid-1970s in some workplaces. In 1986, limitations were imposed on the use of crocidolite and in 1992 asbestos was definitively banned. We have used primary pleural cancer mortality figures (1970-1999) to predict mortality from mesothelioma among Italian men in the next 30 years by age-cohort-period models and by a model based on asbestos consumption figures. The pleural cancer/mesothelioma ratio and mesothelioma misdiagnosis in the past were taken into account in the analysis. Estimated risks of birth cohorts born after 1945 decrease less quickly in Italy than in other Western countries. The findings predict a peak with about 800 mesothelioma annual deaths in the period 2012-2024. Results estimated using age-period-cohort models were similar to those obtained from the asbestos consumption model. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
KW  - Asbestos consumption
KW  - Mesothelioma
KW  - National data
KW  - Pleural cancer
KW  - asbestos
KW  - crocidolite
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - diagnostic error
KW  - environmental exposure
KW  - Europe
KW  - human
KW  - Italy
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - pleura cancer
KW  - pleura mesothelioma
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Asbestos
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Italy
KW  - Male
KW  - Mesothelioma
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Models, Statistical
KW  - Occupational Exposure
KW  - Pleural Neoplasms
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :81
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJCNA
C2  - 15645436
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Marinaccio, A.; Epidemiology Unit, Department of Occupational Medicine, Natl. Inst. for Occup. Safety/Prev., Via Alessandria 220/E, 00198 Rome, Italy; email: a.marinaccio@mdl.ale.ispesl.it
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: asbestos, 1332-21-4; crocidolite, 12001-28-4, 53799-46-5, 61105-31-5; Asbestos, 1332-21-4
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Järvholm, B., Englund, A., Albin, M., Pleural mesothelioma in Sweden: An analysis of the incidence according to the use of asbestos (1999) Occup Environ Med, 56, pp. 110-113; 
Karjalainen, A., Pukkala, E., Mattson, K., Tammilehto, L., Vainio, H., Trends in mesothelioma incidence and occupational mesotheliomas in Finland in 1960-1995 (1997) Scand J Work Environ Health, 23, pp. 266-270; 
Gilg Soint Ilg, A., Bignon, J., Valleron, A.J., Estimation of the past and future burden of mortality from mesothelioma in France (1998) Occup Environ Med, 55, pp. 760-765; 
Price, B., Ware, A., Mesothelioma trends in the United States: An update based on surveillance, epidemiology and end results program data for 1973 through 2003 (2004) Am J Epidemiol, 159, pp. 107-112; 
Leigh, J., Davidson, P., Leigh, H., Berry, D., Malignant mesothelioma in Australia, 1945-2000 (2002) Am J Ind Med, 41, pp. 188-201; 
Zanetti, R., Crosignani, P., Rosso, S., (1997) Il Canero in Italia: I Dati di Incidenza dei Registri Tumori, , Rome: Pensiero Scientifico Editore; 
Parkin, D.M., Whelan, S.L., Ferlay, J., Raymond, L., Young, J., (1997) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, 7. , Lyon: IARC; 
(1991) Previsioni della Popolazione: Anni 2001-2051, , Italian Institute of Statistics. Rome, Italy; 
Peto, J., Hodgson, J.T., Matthews, F.E., Jones, J.R., Continuing increase in mesothelioma mortality in Britain (1995) Lancet, 345, pp. 535-539; 
Clayton, D., Schiffler, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates: I, age-period and age-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 449-467; 
Clayton, D., Schiffler, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates: II, age-period-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 469-481; 
McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models, , London: Chapman and Hall; 
(2002) Statistiche del Commercio con l'Estero e Statistiche della Produzione Industriale: Vari Anni, , Italian Institute of Statistics. Rome, Italy; 
Banaei, A., Auvert, B., Goldberg, M., Gueguen, A., Luce, D., Goldberg, S., Future trends in mortality of French men from mesothelioma (2000) Occup Environ Med, 57, pp. 488-494; 
Iwatsubo, Y., Matrat, M., Michel, E., Boutin, C., Galateau-Salle, F., Jougla, E., Bignon, J., Brochard, P., Estimation of the incidence of pleural mesothelioma according to death certificates in France (2002) Am J Ind Med, 42, pp. 188-199; 
Bruno, C., Comba, P., Maiozzi, P., Vetrugno, T., Accuracy of death certification of pleural mesothelioma in Italy (1996) Eur J Epidemiol, 12, pp. 421-423; 
Nesti, M., Marinaccio, A., Chellim, E., Malignant mesothelioma in Italy, 1997 (2004) Am J Ind Med, 45, pp. 55-62. , Regional Operational Centers; 
Neumann, V., Gunther, S., Muller, K.M., Fischer, M., Malignant mesothelioma: German mesothelioma register 1987-1999 (2001) Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 74, pp. 383-395; 
Desoubeaux, N., Bouvier, V., Gervais, R., Galateau-Salle, F., Thibon, P., Leplumey, T., Herbert, C., Letourneux, M., Mésothéliomes malins en Basse-Normandie: Analyse descriptive, facteurs pronostiques et survie-une étude de population (2001) Rev Epidemiol Sante Publ, 49, pp. 523-529; 
Yeung, P., Rogers, A., Johnson, A., Distribution of mesothelioma cases in different occupational groups and industries in Australia, 1979-1995 (1999) Appl Occup Environ Hyg, 14, pp. 759-767; 
Bianchi, C., Giarelli, L., Grandi, G., Brollo, A., Ramani, L., Zuch, C., Latency periods in asbestos-related mesothelioma of the pleura (1997) Eur J Cancer Prev, 6, pp. 162-166; 
Lanphear, B., Buncher, C., Latent period for malignant mesothelioma of occupational origin (1992) Occup Med, 34, pp. 718-721; 
Takahashi, K., Huuskonen, M.S., Tossavainen, A., Higashi, T., Okubo, T., Rantanen, J., Ecological relationship between mesothelioma incidence/mortality and asbestos consumption in ten western countries and Japan (1999) J Occup Health, 41, pp. 8-11; 
Tossavainen, A., National mesothelioma incidence and past use of asbestos (2003) Monaldi Arch Chest Dis, 59, pp. 146-149
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17644387735&doi=10.1002%2fijc.20820&partnerID=40&md5=69c367d2ae731e10ff7ac08d360ac1a1
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Teenage smoking and lung cancer incidence in early adult age, 1954-1998 
ST  - Tenåringsrøyking og lungekreft i tidlig voksen alder, 1954-98
T2  - Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening
J2  - Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen.
VL  - 125
IS  - 9
SP  - 1174
EP  - 1176
PY  - 2005
SN  - 00292001 (ISSN) 
AU  - Strand, T.-E.
AU  - Malayeri, C.
AU  - Eskonsipo, P.K.J.
AU  - Grimsrud, T.K.
AU  - Norstein, J.
AU  - Grotmol, T.
AD  - Det Medisinske Fakultet, Universitetet i Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
AB  - Objective. To describe national trends in Norway in lung cancer incidence among young adults and its relationship to adolescent smoking. Material and methods. Between 1954 and 1998, a total of 1108 non-carcinoid lung cancers in individuals aged 20-44 were reported to the Cancer Registry of Norway. Temporal variations were studied in age and sex-specific rates, in age-adjusted rates, and in cohort specific rates. The association between cancer incidence and smoking prevalence was evaluated. Results. The incidence among women aged 40-44 in Norway continued to increase into the most recent time interval (1994-1998) whereas the rate among men aged 40-44 was essentially constant after 1970. Consequently, the incidence rates converged among male and female young adults. The incidence at age 40-44 was highly correlated with smoking prevalence at age 15-19 in males (r = 0.88) and females (r = 0.82) within the same birth cohort. Interpretation. The lung cancer incidence in young Norwegian women now equals that of men. The risk at age 40-44 was closely associated with teenage smoking, indicating that duration and age of onset are important.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age distribution
KW  - article
KW  - birth
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cancer registry
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - correlation analysis
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - Norway
KW  - onset age
KW  - prevalence
KW  - sex difference
KW  - smoking
KW  - age
KW  - incidence
KW  - lung tumor
KW  - Norway
KW  - register
KW  - smoking
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Lung Neoplasms
KW  - Male
KW  - Norway
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Registries
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Smoking
N1  - Cited By :4
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: TNLAA
C2  - 15880154
LA  - Norwegian
N1  - Correspondence Address: Strand, T.-E.; Det Medisinske Fakultet, Universitetet i Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
N1  - References: Hansen, S., Norstein, J., Næss, Å., (2004) Kreft i Norge 2001, , Oslo: Kreftregisteret, Institutt for populasjonsbasert kreftforskning; 
(2004) Stadig Færre Røykere i Norge, , http://www.ssb.no/emner/03/01/royk/, 2.8; 
Rønneberg, A., Hafstad, A., Lund, K.E., Røykevaner siden 1910 blant norske menn og kvinner født etter 1890 (1994) Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen, 114, pp. 1623-1626; 
(2004) Survey of Nordic Cancer Registries, , http://ncu.cancer.dk/ancr/survey.shtml, 2.8; 
Haenszel, W., Loveland, D., Sirken, M.G., Lung-cancer mortality as related to residence and smoking histories. I. White males (1962) J Natl Cancer Inst, 28, pp. 947-1001; 
Dos Santos Silva, I., (1999) Cancer Epidemiology: Principles and Methods. 2. Utg., , Lyon: International Agency for Reserarch on Cancer; 
(1999) S-Plus 2000 Professional Release 2, , Seattle, WA: Insightful Corporation; 
Lubin, J.H., Richter, B.S., Blot, W.J., Lung cancer risk with cigar and pipe use (1984) J Natl Cancer Inst, 73, pp. 377-381; 
Engeland, A., Haldorsen, T., Andersen, A., The impact of smoking habits on lung cancer risk: 28 years' observation of 26,000 Norwegian men and women (1996) Cancer Causes Control, 7, pp. 366-376; 
Boffetta, P., Pershagen, G., Jockel, K.H., Cigar and pipe smoking and lung cancer risk: A multicenter study from Europe (1999) J Natl Cancer Inst, 91, pp. 697-701; 
Engeland, A., Trends in the incidence of smoking-associated cancers in Norway, 1954-93 (1996) Int J Cancer, 68, pp. 39-46; 
Day, N.E., Charnay, B., Time trends, cohort effects, and aging as influence on cancer incidence (1982) Trends in Cancer Incidence, pp. 51-65. , Magnus K, red. London: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation; 
Knorr-Held, L., Rainer, E., Projections of lung cancer mortality in West Germany: A case study in Bayesian prediction (2001) Biostatistics, 2, pp. 109-129; 
Kreuzer, M., Kreienbrock, L., Gerken, M., Risk factors for lung cancer in young adults (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 147, pp. 1028-1037; 
Boffetta, P., Kreuzer, M., Benhamou, S., Risk of lung cancer from tobacco smoking among young women from Europe (2001) Int J Cancer, 91, pp. 745-746; 
Jemal, A., Chu, K.C., Tarone, R.E., Recent trends in lung cancer mortality in the United States (2001) J Natl Cancer Inst, 93, pp. 277-283; 
Doll, R., Peto, R., Cigarette smoking and bronchial carcinoma: Dose and time relationships among regular smokers and lifelong non-smokers (1978) J Epidemiol Community Health, 32, pp. 303-313; 
Haldorsen, T., Grimsrud, T.K., Cohort analysis of cigarette smoking and lung cancer incidence among Norwegian women (1999) Int J Epidemiol, 28, pp. 1032-1036; 
Rønneberg, A., Lund, K.E., Hafstad, A., Lifetime smoking habits among Norwegian men and women born between 1890 and 1974 (1994) Int J Epidemiol, 23, pp. 267-276; 
Hegmann, K.T., Fraser, A.M., Keaney, R.P., The effect of age at smoking initiation on lung cancer risk (1993) Epidemiology, 4, pp. 444-448; 
Benhamou, S., Benhamou, E., The effect of age at smoking initiation on lung cancer risk (1994) Epidemiology, 5, p. 560; 
Wiencke, J.K., Thurston, S.W., Kelsey, K.T., Early age at smoking initiation and tobacco carcinogen DNA damage in the lung (1999) J Natl Cancer Inst, 91, pp. 614-619; 
Kreuzer, M., Pohlabeln, H., Ahrens, W., Occupational risk factors for lung cancer among young men (1999) Scand J Work Environ Health, 25, pp. 422-429; 
Dreyer, L., Andersen, A., Pukkala, E., Avoidable cancers in the Nordic countries. Occupation (1997) APMIS Suppl, 76, pp. 68-79; 
Levi, F., La Vecchia, C., Lucchini, F., Trends in cancer mortality sex ratios in Europe, 1950-1989 (1992) World Health Stat Q, 45, pp. 117-164; 
Wramner, B., Zatonski, W., Pellmer, K., Premature mortality in lung cancer as an indicator of effectiveness of tobacco use prevention in a gender perspective - A comparison between Poland and Sweden (2001) Cent Eur J Public Health, 9, pp. 69-73; 
Tverdal, A., Dødelighet av lungekreft- nå høyere hos kvinner enn hos menn under 50 år (2001) Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen, 121, pp. 2487-2488; 
Strand, T.E., Malayeri, C., Eskonsipo, P.K.J., Adolescent smoking and trends in lung cancer incidence among young adults in Norway 1954-1998 (2004) Cancer Causes Control, 15, pp. 27-33
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-18744415723&partnerID=40&md5=9244be2b68bfad944920e2976978509b
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Birth dimensions and risk of depression in adulthood: Cohort study of Danish men born in 1953
T2  - British Journal of Psychiatry
J2  - Br. J. Psychiatry
VL  - 186
IS  - MAY
SP  - 400
EP  - 403
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1192/bjp.186.5.400
SN  - 00071250 (ISSN) 
AU  - Osler, M.
AU  - Nordentoft, M.
AU  - Andersen, A.-M.N.
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, HS Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
AB  - Background: Two British cohort studies have reported birth weight to be associated with self-reported depression in adulthood, even after adjustment for socio-economic factors. Aims: To examine the relationship between birth dimensions and discharge from a psychiatric ward with a depression diagnosis in adulthood. Method: A cohort of 10 753 male singletons born in Copenhagen, Denmark in 1953 and for whom birth certificates had been traced in 1965 were followed from 1969 until 2002, with record linkage for date of first admission to a psychiatric ward that led to a discharge diagnosis of depression. Results: A total of 190 men, corresponding to 1.8% of the cohort, had a discharge diagnosis of depression. The Cox's regression analyses failed to show any association between birth dimensions (birth weight and ponderal index) and risk of psychiatric ward diagnosis of depression in adult life, before or after adjustment for social indicators at birth. Conclusions: This study does not support the existence of a relation between birth dimensions and psychiatric ward admission for depression in adult men.
KW  - adult
KW  - adulthood
KW  - article
KW  - birth
KW  - birth weight
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - Denmark
KW  - depression
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - psychiatric department
KW  - Adult
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Denmark
KW  - Depressive Disorder
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Risk Factors
N1  - Cited By :35
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJPYA
C2  - 15863744
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Osler, M.; Department of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark; email: m.osler@pubhealth.ku.dk
N1  - References: Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life (2nd Edn.), , London: Churchill Livingstone; 
Brown, A.S., Van Os, J., Driessens, C., Further evidence of relation between prenatal famine and major affective disorders (2000) American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, pp. 190-195; 
Gale, C.R., Martyn, C.N., Birth weight and later risk of depression in a national birth cohort (2004) British Journal of Psychiatry, 184, pp. 28-33; 
Grambsch, P.M., Therneau, T.M., Proportional hazard tests and diagnostics based on weighted residuals (1994) Biometrika, 81, pp. 515-526; 
Harding, J.E., The nutritional basis of the fetal origins of adult disease (2001) International Journal of Epidemiology, 30, pp. 15-23; 
Høgh, E., Wolf, P., Project Metropolitan: A longitudinal study of 12,270 boys from the Metropolitan area of Copenhagen, Denmark, 1953-1977 (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research, pp. 99-103. , (eds S. A. Mednick & A. E. Baert). London: Oxford University Press; 
Joseph, K.S., Kramer, M.S., Review of the evidence on fetal and early childhood antecedents of adult chronic disease (1996) Epidemiological Review, 18, pp. 158-174; 
Law, C.M., Shiell, A.W., Is blood pressure inversely related to birth weight? The strength of evidence from systematic review of the literature (1996) Journal of Hypertension, 14, pp. 935-941; 
Lawlor, D.A., Davey Smith, G., Bruckdorfer, R., Those confounded vitamins: What can we learn from the difference between observational versus randomised trial evidence? (2004) Lancet, 363, pp. 1724-1727; 
Munk-Jørgensen, P., Mortensen, P.B., The Danish Psychiatric Central Register (1997) Danish Medical Bulletin, 44, pp. 82-84; 
Osler, M., Andersen, A.M.N., Lund, R., Revitalising the Metropolit 1953 Danish Male Birth cohort: Background, aims and design (2004) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 18, pp. 385-394; 
Preti, A., Cardascia, L., Zen, T., Obstetric complications in patients with depression - A population-based case-control study (2000) Journal of Affective Disorders, 61, pp. 101-106; 
(2001) Stata Statistical Software: Release 7.0, , College Station, TX: Stata Corp; 
Thompson, C., Syddall, H., Rodin, I., Birth weight and the risk of depressive disorder in late life (2001) British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, pp. 450-455; 
Weiss, N.S., Can the 'specificity' of an association be rehabilitated as a basis for supporting a causal hypothesis? (2001) Epidemiology, 13, pp. 6-9; 
Wilcox, A.J., On the importance - And the unimportance - Of birthweight (2001) International Journal of Epidemiology, 30, pp. 1233-1241; 
(1967) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death (ICD-8), , Geneva: WHO; 
(1992) International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10), , Geneva: WHO
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-18644377265&doi=10.1192%2fbjp.186.5.400&partnerID=40&md5=cb6c6283d9529471062bf324f39c1877
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Management of hearing loss in Apert syndrome
T2  - Journal of Laryngology and Otology
J2  - J. Laryngol. Otol.
VL  - 119
IS  - 5
SP  - 385
EP  - 390
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1258/0022215053945714
SN  - 00222151 (ISSN) 
AU  - Rajenderkumar, D.
AU  - Bamiou, D.
AU  - Sirimanna, T.
AD  - Department of Audiological Medicine, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Audiological Medicine, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 8DA, United Kingdom
AB  - Background: Apert syndrome is one of the craniosynostosis syndromes, with a birth prevalence estimated to be between 9.9 and 15.5/million, and accounts for 4.5 per cent of craniosynostoses. Although conductive hearing loss is common in Apert syndrome there are contradicting reports regarding the cause of this hearing loss. There is also no detailed information available on the management of hearing loss in Apert syndrome. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of case notes of Apert syndrome patients seen between 1970 and 2003 at Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, was undertaken. Results: Seventy case notes were obtained. The incidence of congenital hearing impairment was between 3 and 6 per cent. Almost all patients had otitis media with effusion (glue ear), which tended to persist into adult life. More than 56 per cent of cases developed permanent conductive hearing loss by 10-20 years. Repeated grommet insertion was common; even though 35 per cent had trouble with ear discharge and persistent conductive hearing loss. Statistically, grommets made no difference to the risk of developing permanent hearing loss. Conclusion: This study, of the largest number of Apert syndrome cases assembled to date, showed that early optimization of hearing with possible hearing aids needs to be considered. Repeated grommet insertion does not help in optimizing hearing, especially if ear discharge complicates the picture.
KW  - Apert Syndrome
KW  - Hearing Aids
KW  - Hearing Loss
KW  - Otitis Media with Effusion
KW  - acrocephalosyndactyly
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - clinical feature
KW  - clinical protocol
KW  - computer assisted tomography
KW  - conduction deafness
KW  - congenital deafness
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - hearing aid
KW  - hearing loss
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
KW  - outcomes research
KW  - pathophysiology
KW  - patient care
KW  - prevalence
KW  - retrospective study
KW  - school child
KW  - secretory otitis media
KW  - tympanostomy tube
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Acrocephalosyndactylia
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Child
KW  - Female
KW  - Hearing Aids
KW  - Hearing Loss, Conductive
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Ear Ventilation
KW  - Otitis Media with Effusion
KW  - Reoperation
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Treatment Outcome
N1  - Cited By :11
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JLOTA
C2  - 15949104
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Rajenderkumar, D.; Department of Audiological Medicine, Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, Grays Inn Road, London WC1X 8DA, United Kingdom; email: deepakrkumar@hotmail.com
N1  - References: Czeizel, A.E., Elek, C., Susanszky, E., Birth prevalence study of Apert syndrome (1993) Am J Med Genet, 45, pp. 392-393; 
Cohen Jr., M.M., Kreiborg, S., Lammer, E.J., Cordero, J.F., Mastroiacovo, P., Erickson, J.D., Birth prevalence study of the Apert syndrome (1992) Am J Med Genet, 42, pp. 655-659; 
Blank, C.E., Apert syndrome (a type of acrocephalosyndactyly): Observations on a British series of thirty-nine cases (1960) Ann Hum Genet, 24, pp. 151-164; 
Apert, E., Type I acrocephalosyndactyly (1906) Bull Soc Med Paris, 23, pp. 1310-1330; 
Peterson-Falzone, S.J., Pruzansky, S., Parris, P.J., Laffer, J.L., Nasopharyngeal dysmorphology in the syndromes of Apert and Crouzon (1981) Cleft Palate, 4, pp. 237-250; 
Peterson, S.J., Pruzansky, S., Palatal anomalies in the syndromes of Apert and Crouzon (1974) Cleft Palate, 11, pp. 394-403; 
Phillips, S.G., Miyamoto, R.T., Congenital conductive hearing loss in Apert syndrome (1986) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 95, pp. 429-433; 
Bergstrom, L., Neblett, L.M., Hemenway, W.G., Otologic manifestations of acrocephalosyndactyly (1972) Arch Otolaryngol, 96, pp. 117-123; 
McGill, T., Otolaryngologic aspects of Apert syndrome (1991) Clin Plast Surg, 18, pp. 309-313; 
Gould, H.J., Caldarelli, D.D., Hearing and otopathology in Apert syndrome (1982) Arch Otolaryngol, 108, pp. 347-349; 
(2004) Recommended Procedure: Pure Tone Air and Bone Conduction Threshold Audiometry with and without Masking and Determination of Uncomfortable Loudness Levels, , http://www.thebsa.org.uk/docs/bsapta.doc, 15 June; 
Huang, F., Sweet, R., Tewfik, T.L., Apert syndrome and hearing loss with ear anomalies: A case report and literature review (2004) Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 68, pp. 495-501; 
Shipster, C., Hearst, D., Dockrell, J.E., Kilby, E., Hayward, R., Speech and language skills and cognitive functioning in children with Apert syndrome: A pilot study (2002) Int J Lang Comm Dis, 37, pp. 325-343
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20044392182&doi=10.1258%2f0022215053945714&partnerID=40&md5=7133d5999bae319c6683a3d05e8c0d41
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The role of cognitive ability (intelligence) in explaining the association between socioeconomic position and health: Evidence from the Whitehall II prospective cohort study
T2  - American Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Am. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 161
IS  - 9
SP  - 831
EP  - 839
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1093/aje/kwi109
SN  - 00029262 (ISSN) 
AU  - Singh-Manoux, A.
AU  - Ferrie, J.E.
AU  - Lynch, J.W.
AU  - Marmot, M.
AD  - INSERM U687, Natl. Hosp. of Saint-Maurice (HNSM), Saint-Maurice, France
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Ctr. Social Epidemiol./Pop. Hlth., School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
AD  - INSERM U687, HNSM, 14 Rue de Val d'Osne, 94415 Saint-Maurice Cédex, France
AB  - Associations among cognitive ability, socioeconomic position, and health have been interpreted to imply that cognitive ability could explain social inequalities in health. The authors test this hypothesis by examining three questions: Is cognitive ability related to health? To what extent does it explain social inequalities in health? Do measures of socioeconomic position and cognitive ability have independent associations with health? Relative indices of inequality were used to estimate associations, using data from the Whitehall II study (baseline, 1985-1988), a British prospective cohort study (4,158 men and 1,680 women). Cognitive ability was significantly related to coronary heart disease, physical functioning, and self-rated health in both sexes and additionally to mental functioning in men. It explained some of the relation between socioeconomic position and health: 17% for coronary heart disease, 33% for physical functioning, 12% for mental functioning, and 39% for self-rated health. In analysis simultaneously adjusted for all measures of socioeconomic position, cognitive ability retained an independent association only with physical functioning in women. These results suggest that, although cognitive ability is related to health, it does not explain social inequalities in health. Copyright © 2005 by the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved.
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Cohort studies
KW  - Intelligence
KW  - Socioeconomic factors
KW  - cognition
KW  - health status
KW  - socioeconomic status
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cognition
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - fitness
KW  - health status
KW  - human
KW  - intelligence
KW  - ischemic heart disease
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mental performance
KW  - physical activity
KW  - prospective study
KW  - social status
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - Adult
KW  - Coronary Disease
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Intelligence
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Eastern Hemisphere
KW  - Eurasia
KW  - Europe
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Western Europe
KW  - World
N1  - Cited By :75
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJEPA
C2  - 15840615
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Singh-Manoux, A.; INSERM U687, HNSM, 14 Rue de Val d'Osne, 94415 Saint-Maurice Cédex, France; email: Archana.Singh-Manoux@st-maurice.inserm.fr
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Wilson, R.S., Beckett, L.A., Bienias, J.L., Terminal decline in cognitive function (2003) Neurology, 60, pp. 1782-1787; 
Feinstein, L., Inequality in the early cognitive development of British children in the 1970 cohort (2003) Economica, 70, pp. 73-97; 
O'Toole, B.J., Stankov, L., Ultimate validity of psychological tests (1992) Pers Individ Dif, 13, pp. 699-716; 
Hart, C.L., Taylor, M.D., Davey Smith, G., Childhood IQ, social class, deprivation, and their relationships with mortality and morbidity risk in later life: Prospective observational study linking the Scottish Mental Survey 1932 and the Midspan studies (2003) Psychosom Med, 65, pp. 877-883; 
Kuh, D., Richards, M., Hardy, R., Childhood cognitive ability and deaths up until middle age: A post-war birth cohort study (2004) Int J Epidemiol, 33, pp. 408-413; 
Osler, M., Andersen, A.M., Due, P., Socioeconomic position in early life, birth weight, childhood cognitive function, and adult mortality: A longitudinal cohort study of Danish men born in 1953 (2003) J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, pp. 681-686; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17744388561&doi=10.1093%2faje%2fkwi109&partnerID=40&md5=2f19dbf4eb52dd6df178437fa51a71fb
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Origins of the "black/white" difference in blood pressure: Roles of birth weight, postnatal growth, early blood pressure, and adolescent body size - The Bogalusa heart study
T2  - Circulation
J2  - Circulation
VL  - 111
IS  - 15
SP  - 1932
EP  - 1937
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1161/01.CIR.0000161960.78745.33
SN  - 00097322 (ISSN) 
AU  - Cruickshank, J.K.
AU  - Mzayek, F.
AU  - Liu, L.
AU  - Kieltyka, L.
AU  - Sherwin, R.
AU  - Webber, L.S.
AU  - Srinavasan, S.R.
AU  - Berenson, G.S.
AD  - Tulane Ctr. for Cardiovasc. Health, Tulane Univ. Med. Ctr. Sch. Pub. H., New Orleans, LA, United States
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Tulane Univ. Med. Ctr. Sch. Pub. H., New Orleans, LA, United States
AD  - Department of Biostatistics, Tulane Univ. Med. Ctr. Sch. Pub. H., New Orleans, LA, United States
AD  - Clinical Epidemiology Group, Univ. of Manchester Medical School, Manchester, United Kingdom
AD  - Clinical Epidemiology Group, University Department of Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
AB  - Background - The determinants of differences in blood pressure that emerge in adolescence between black Americans of predominantly African descent and white Americans of predominantly European descent are unknown. One hypothesis is related to intrauterine and early childhood growth. The role of early blood pressure itself is also unclear. We tested whether differences in birth weight and in carefully standardized subsequent measures of weight, height, and blood pressure from 0 to 4 or 5 years were related to black/white differences in blood pressure in adolescence. Methods and Results - Two Bogalusa cohorts who had complete follow-up data on birth weights and early childhood and adolescent anthropometric and blood pressure measures were pooled. One hundred eighty-five children (48 black and 47 white boys and 41 black and 49 white girls) were followed up and studied after 15 to 17 years. Birth weights were a mean 443 and 282 g lower in black boys and girls, respectively, than in whites (P<0.001). Blood pressures in adolescence were 3.4/1.9 and 1.7/0.6 mm Hg higher, respectively, and tracked from early childhood. In regression analyses, birth weight accounted for the ethnic difference in adolescent blood pressure, which was also independently predicted, in decreasing impact order, by adolescent height, adolescent body mass index, and systolic blood pressure at 4 to 5 years and inversely by growth from 0 to 4 to 5 years. Conclusions - If these results can be replicated in larger and independent samples, they suggest that efforts to improve intrauterine growth in black infants as well as lessen weight gain in adolescence might substantially reduce excess high blood pressure/hypertension in this ethnic group. © 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.
KW  - Birth weight
KW  - Blood pressure
KW  - Ethnic groups
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - adult
KW  - anthropometry
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - blood pressure measurement
KW  - blood pressure monitoring
KW  - blood pressure regulation
KW  - body height
KW  - body size
KW  - body weight
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - comparative study
KW  - ethnic difference
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - linear regression analysis
KW  - male
KW  - medical assessment
KW  - postnatal growth
KW  - prediction
KW  - prenatal growth
KW  - priority journal
KW  - race difference
KW  - sample size
KW  - systolic blood pressure
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - African Continental Ancestry Group
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Blood Pressure
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Body Size
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - European Continental Ancestry Group
KW  - Fetal Development
KW  - Growth
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Logistic Models
N1  - Cited By :78
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CIRCA
C2  - 15837946
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Cruickshank, J.K.; Clinical Epidemiology Group, University Department of Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom; email: clinep@man.ac.uk
N1  - References: Voors, A.W., Webber, L.S., Berenson, G.S., Time course studies of blood pressure in children: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1979) Am J Epidemiol, 109, pp. 320-334; 
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Shear, C.L., Burke, G., Freedman, D.S., Berenson, G.S., Value of childhood blood pressure measurements and family history in predicting future blood pressure status: Results from 8 years of follow-up in the Bogalusa Heart Study (1986) Pediatrics, 77, pp. 862-869; 
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Voors, A., Webber, L., Frerichs, R., Berenson, G., Body height and body mass as determinants of basal blood pressure in children: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1977) Am J Epidemiol, 106, pp. 101-108; 
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Foster, T.A., Voors, A.W., Webber, L.S., Frerichs, R.R., Berenson, G.S., Anthropometric and maturation measurements of children ages 5-14 years in a biracial community: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1977) Am J Clin Nutr, 30, pp. 582-591; 
Berenson, G.S., Foster, T.A., Frank, G.C., Frerichs, R.R., Srinivasan, S.R., Voors, A.W., Webber, L.S., Cardiovascular disease risk factor variables at the pre-school age: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1978) Circulation, 57, pp. 603-612; 
Voors, A.W., Webber, L.S., Berenson, G.S., Blood pressure of children, ages 2 1/2-5 1/2 years, in a total community: The Bogalusa Heart Study (1978) Am J Epidemiol, 107, pp. 403-411; 
Huxley, R.R., Shiell, A.W., Law, C.M., The role of size at birth and postnatal catch-up growth in determining systolic blood pressure: Systematic review of the literature (2000) J Hypertens, 18, pp. 815-831; 
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Donker, G.A., Labarthe, D.R., Harrist, R.B., Selwyn, B.J., Wattigney, W., Berenson, G.S., Low birth weight and blood pressure at age 7-11 years in a biracial sample (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 145, pp. 387-397; 
Lucas, A., Fewtrell, M.S., Cole, T.J., Fetal origins of adult diseases: The hypothesis revisited (1999) BMJ, 319, pp. 245-249; 
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Curhan, G.C., Willett, W.C., Rimm, E.B., Spiegelman, D., Ascherio, A.L., Stampfer, M.J., Birth weight and adult hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity in US men (1996) Circulation, 94, pp. 3246-3250; 
Nilsson, P.M., Ostergrer, P.O., Nyberg, P., Soderstrom, M., Allebeck, P., Low birth weight is associated with elevated systolic blood pressure in adolescence: A prospective study of a birth cohort of 149378 Swedish boys (1997) J Hypertens, 15 (2 PART), pp. 1627-1631; 
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Cruickshank, J.K., Mbanya, J.C., Wilks, R., Balkau, B., McFarlane-Anderson, N., Forrester, T., Sick genes, sick individuals or sick populations with chronic disease? The emergence of diabetes and high blood pressure in African-origin populations (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30, pp. 111-117; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17644369002&doi=10.1161%2f01.CIR.0000161960.78745.33&partnerID=40&md5=279cab3e59ba12ed2cd1cbdb0c341427
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Adult health and social outcomes of children who have been in public care: population-based study
T2  - Pediatrics
J2  - Pediatrics
VL  - 115
IS  - 4
SP  - 894
EP  - 899
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1542/peds.2004-1311
SN  - 00314005 (ISSN) 
AU  - Viner, R.M.
AU  - Taylor, B.
AD  - Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer St, London W1T 3AA, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective. To examine adult socioeconomic, educational, social, and health outcomes of being in public care in childhood. Methods. The 1970 British birth cohort was followed up at 5 (N = 13 135), 10 (14 875), 16 (11 622), and 30 years (11 261). Cases were defined as those ever in statutory or voluntary public care at 5, 10, and 16 years. Self-reported adult outcomes were occupation, educational achievement, general health, psychological morbidity, history of homelessness, school exclusion, and convictions. Results. A total of 343 (3.6%) of 9557 had been in public care <17 years. Nonwhite children were more likely to have been in care (odds ratio [OR]: 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1-5.4). Controlling for socioeconomic status, men with a history of public care were less likely to attain high social class (OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-0.9) and more likely to have been homeless (OR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1-3.8), have a conviction (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.5-3.4), have psychological morbidity (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-3.0), and be in poor general health (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.6). Similar associations were found in women. Men but not women with a history of care were more likely to be unemployed (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.4 -5.0) and less likely to attain a higher degree (OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2- 0.7). Non-white ethnicity was associated with poorer adult outcomes of being in care. Conclusions. Public care in childhood is associated with adverse adult socioeconomic, educational, legal, and health outcomes in excess of that associated with childhood or adult disadvantage. Copyright © 2005 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.
KW  - Foster care
KW  - Population health
KW  - Psychiatric disorders
KW  - Public health
KW  - Public policy
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - education
KW  - ethnology
KW  - female
KW  - health status
KW  - homelessness
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - male
KW  - occupation
KW  - priority journal
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - public health service
KW  - self report
KW  - sex difference
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - crime
KW  - ethnic group
KW  - foster care
KW  - health status
KW  - mental disease
KW  - mental health
KW  - statistics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Crime
KW  - Ethnic Groups
KW  - Female
KW  - Foster Home Care
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Mental Disorders
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Occupations
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
N1  - Cited By :69
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PEDIA
C2  - 15805361
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Viner, R.M.; Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer St, London W1T 3AA, United Kingdom; email: r.viner@ich.ucl.ac.uk
N1  - References: Acheson, D., (1998) Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health (Great Britain), , London, United Kingdom: The Stationery Office; 
Simms, M.D., Dubowitz, H., Szilagyi, M.A., Health care needs of children in the foster care system (2000) Pediatrics, 106, pp. 909-918; 
(1999) Health and Personal Social Services Statistics for England, , London, United Kingdom: The Stationery Office; 
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Hill, C.M., Watkins, J., Statutory health assessments for looked-after children: What do they achieve? (2003) Child Care Health Dev, 29, pp. 3-13; 
Mitic, W., Rimer, M.L., The educational attainment of children in care in British Columbia (2003) Child Youth Care Forum, 32, p. 133; 
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Horwitz, S.M., Simms, M.D., Farrington, R., Impact of developmental problems on young children's exits from foster care (1994) J Dev Behav Pediatr, 15, pp. 105-110; 
Chernoff, R., Combs-Orme, T., Risley-Curtiss, C., Heisler, A., Assessing the health status of children entering foster care (1994) Pediatrics, 93, pp. 594-601; 
Heath, A.F., Colton, M.J., Aldgate, J., Failure to escape: A longitudinal study of foster children's educational attainment (1994) Br J Social Work, 24, pp. 241-260; 
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Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples (1999) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 34, pp. 333-341; 
Biehal, N., Clayden, J., Stein, M., (1992) Prepared for Living? A Survey of Young People Leaving the Care of Three Local Authorities, , London, United Kingdom: National Children's Bureau; 
Biehal, N., Clayden, J., Stein, M., (1995) Moving On. Young People and Leaving Care Schemes, , London, United Kingdom: HMSO; 
Cheung, S.Y., Buchanan, A., Malaise scores in adulthood of children and young people who have been in care (1997) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 38, pp. 575-580; 
Buchanan, A., Ten Brinke, J., Flouri, E., Parental background, social disadvantage, public "care," and psychological problems in adolescence and adulthood (2000) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 39, pp. 1415-1423; 
McCann, J.B., James, A., Wilson, S., Dunn, G., Prevalence of psychiatric disorders in young people in the care system (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 1529-1530; 
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Polnay, L., Ward, H., Promoting the health of looked after children. Government proposals demand leadership and a culture change (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 661-662
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-23244459869&doi=10.1542%2fpeds.2004-1311&partnerID=40&md5=32eb885f78eeead50427c37694f9a9bc
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cardiovascular risk at age 53 years in relation to the menopause transition and use of hormone replacement therapy: A prospective British birth cohort study
T2  - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
J2  - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol.
VL  - 112
IS  - 4
SP  - 476
EP  - 485
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00416.x
SN  - 14700328 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kuh, D.
AU  - Langenberg, C.
AU  - Hardy, R.
AU  - Kok, H.
AU  - Cooper, R.
AU  - Butterworth, S.
AU  - Wadsworth, M.E.J.
AD  - MRC Natl. Surv. of Hlth. and Devmt., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., London, United Kingdom
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., London, United Kingdom
AD  - Julius Ctr. Hlth. Sci./Prim. Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
AD  - MRC Natl. Surv. of Hlth. and Devmt., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
AB  - Objectives: To investigate cardiovascular risk factors and changes in risk factor levels in relation to menopausal stage, hysterectomy status and hormone replacement therapy use in a cohort of women aged 53 years with prospective data on smoking, lifetime socio-economic circumstances, and blood pressure and obesity at age 43 years. Design: A prospective study. Setting: England, Scotland and Wales. Population A cohort of women from the Medical Research Council Survey of Health and Development. Methods: A total of 1303 women, aged 53 years, from a UK birth cohort study with measures of cardiovascular risk factors were classified by five menopausal status groups (premenopause, perimenopause, postmenopause, hysterectomy and hormone replacement therapy user). Body mass index, glycosolated haemoglobin, blood pressure, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and total cholesterol measurements were taken, and analysed within the groups taking confounding variables into account. Changes in body mass index and blood pressure measurement in the same women obtained when 43 years of age were also compared. Main outcome measures: Body mass index, glycosolated haemoglobin, blood pressure, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein and total cholesterol. Results: At 53 years, body mass index, waist circumference, total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glycosolated haemoglobin (HbA1c) varied by menopausal status group, but blood pressure did not. Levels of total cholesterol and HbA1c increased across the natural menopause transition, before and after adjustment for body mass index, smoking and lifetime socio-economic circumstances. After adjustment for confounders, levels of risk factors for hysterectomised women were similar to those of naturally postmenopausal women. Women on hormone replacement therapy had lower levels of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1c, and were less obese than postmenopausal women. The lower obesity levels were partly due to these women already being less obese at age 43 years. Conclusions: This study showed that naturally postmenopausal or hysterectomised women had higher levels of metabolic risk factors compared with premenopausal or perimenopausal women of the same age. The long term stability of these differences and their translation into variations in incidence of cardiovascular disease remain to be seen. The lower levels of metabolic risk factors for women on hormone replacement therapy may protect against future cardiovascular disease or may be overwhelmed by other adverse, and as yet unknown, effects of hormone replacement therapy. © RCOG 2005.
KW  - cholesterol
KW  - glycosylated hemoglobin
KW  - hemoglobin A1c
KW  - high density lipoprotein
KW  - low density lipoprotein
KW  - low density lipoprotein cholesterol
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - blood pressure measurement
KW  - body mass
KW  - cardiovascular risk
KW  - cholesterol blood level
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - climacterium
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - heart protection
KW  - hormone substitution
KW  - human
KW  - hysterectomy
KW  - incidence
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - menopause
KW  - obesity
KW  - postmenopause
KW  - premenopause
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prospective study
KW  - protein blood level
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Blood Pressure
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Cardiovascular Diseases
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated
KW  - Hormone Replacement Therapy
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hysterectomy
KW  - Lipids
KW  - Menopause
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Risk Factors
N1  - Cited By :41
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BIOGF
C2  - 15777448
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kuh, D.; MRC Natl. Surv. of Hlth. and Devmt., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: cholesterol, 57-88-5; glycosylated hemoglobin, 9062-63-9; hemoglobin A1c, 62572-11-6; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated; Lipids
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17144421528&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.2005.00416.x&partnerID=40&md5=e9dfdda5b86f6e3036fc94f40058a3f6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Intrauterine growth and intelligence within sibling pairs: Findings from the Mater-University study of pregnancy and its outcomes
T2  - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
J2  - J. Epidemiol. Community Health
VL  - 59
IS  - 4
SP  - 279
EP  - 282
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1136/jech.2004.025262
SN  - 0143005X (ISSN) 
AU  - Lawlor, D.A.
AU  - Bor, W.
AU  - O'Callaghan, M.J.
AU  - Williams, G.M.
AU  - Najman, J.M.
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
AD  - Child Devmt. and Rehab. Services, Mater Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
AD  - School of Population Health, Univ. of Queensland Medical School, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
AD  - School of Social Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective: To examine the association between intrauterine growth and intelligence. Design: Population based birth cohort study of sibling pairs born within a maximum of three years of each other. Setting: Mater-University women and children's hospital, Brisbane, Australia. Participants: 235 (470 children) sibling pairs. Results: Among one randomly selected sibling from each pair verbal comprehension at age 5, general intelligence at age 14, and reading ability at age 14 increased linearly with increasing gestational age and sex standardised birth weight z scores. With adjustment for maternal age, race, and smoking during pregnancy, birth order, family income, and parental education the associations with verbal comprehension at age 5 and general intelligence at age 14 remained, whereas the association with reading ability at age 14 was attenuated to the null. Within sibling pairs, differences in intrauterine growth were positively associated with differences in verbal comprehension at age 5 (test score difference per one unit difference in birth weight z score = 1.52 (0.11 to 3.26)) and general intelligence at age 14 (1.09 (0.01 to 2.18)), but not with reading ability at age 14. Conclusions: Socioeconomic position or other fixed maternal characteristics do not seem to explain the positive association between intrauterine growth and childhood intelligence.
KW  - child development
KW  - academic achievement
KW  - adolescent
KW  - article
KW  - birth order
KW  - birth weight
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - comprehension
KW  - female
KW  - gestational age
KW  - human
KW  - income
KW  - intelligence
KW  - intelligence quotient
KW  - male
KW  - normal human
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - prenatal growth
KW  - reading
KW  - sibling
KW  - smoking
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - fetus development
KW  - intelligence test
KW  - mother
KW  - physiology
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - preschool child
KW  - sex difference
KW  - sibling
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Fetal Development
KW  - Gestational Age
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intelligence
KW  - Intelligence Tests
KW  - Male
KW  - Mothers
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Reading
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Siblings
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
N1  - Cited By :34
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JECHD
C2  - 15767380
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lawlor, D.A.; Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom; email: d.a.lawlor@bristol.ac.uk
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-15544388220&doi=10.1136%2fjech.2004.025262&partnerID=40&md5=5d9645ccbfd123a967beb7abb2379ea0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Adolescent drinking level and adult binge drinking in a national birth cohort
T2  - Addiction
J2  - Addiction
VL  - 100
IS  - 4
SP  - 543
EP  - 549
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01034.x
SN  - 09652140 (ISSN) 
AU  - Jefferis, B.J.M.H.
AU  - Power, C.
AU  - Manor, O.
AD  - Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Sch. of Pub. Hlth. and Comm. Med., Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
AD  - Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
AB  - Aims: To assess (i) continuities in binge drinking across adulthood and (ii) the association between adolescent drinking level and adult binge drinking. Design: Population-based prospective birth cohort. Setting: England, Scotland and Wales. Participants: All births during one week in March 1958 (n = 8520 in analysis). Measurements: Alcohol consumption reported at 16, 23, 33 and 42 years. Binge drinkers were identified by dividing number of units of alcohol consumed in the last week by usual drinking frequency, with limits of ≥10 units/occasion for men and ≥7 for women. Findings: Four in five cohort members drank alcohol at least twice a month. Prevalences of binge drinking at 23, 33 and 42 years among men were 37%, 28% and 31% and among women 18%, 13% and 14%. Most binge drinkers in adulthood changed drinking status during this period. Nevertheless, binge drinking at age 23 increased the odds of binge drinking at 42 years: odds ratio (OR) 2.10 (95% CI 1.85, 2.39) for men; OR 1.56 (95% CI 1.29, 1.89) for women. Women who rarely or never drank aged 16 were less likely than light drinkers (0-2 units/week) to binge drink as adults, OR at 23 years 0.65 (95% CI 0.55, 0.77). Men who were heavier drinkers (≥7 units/week) at 16 years were more likely than light drinkers to binge drink throughout adulthood; at 42 years, OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.33, 2.08). Conclusions: Binge drinking is common in British men and women throughout adulthood with continuities between the 20s and 40s. Adolescent drinking has a modest although important association with adult binge drinking. © 2005 Society for the Study of Addiction.
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Alcohol
KW  - Binge drinking
KW  - Prospective cohort
KW  - alcohol
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age distribution
KW  - alcohol consumption
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - drinking behavior
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - population research
KW  - prevalence
KW  - sex difference
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Alcohol Drinking
KW  - Alcoholic Intoxication
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Ethanol
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Regression Analysis
N1  - Cited By :88
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ADICE
C2  - 15784069
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Jefferis, B.J.M.H.; Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol./B., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: B.Jefferis@ich.ucl.ac.uk
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: alcohol, 64-17-5; Ethanol, 64-17-5
N1  - References: Rehm, J., Room, R., Graham, K., Monteiro, M., Gmel, G., Sempos, C.T., The relationship of average volume of alcohol consumption and patterns of drinking to burden of disease: An overview (2003) Addiction, 98, pp. 1209-1228; 
(2001) Statistics Handbook a Compilation of Drinks Industry Statistics. 28th Edn., , London: Publications Brewing Publications Limited; 
Leifman, H., Hemstrom, O., Ramstedt, M., The ECAS-survey on drinking patterns and alcohol related problems (2001) Alcohol in Post War Europe, pp. 105-126. , Norstrom, T., ed. Stockholm: National Institute of Public Health; 
(1995) Sensible Drinking, , Report of an Inter-Departmental Working Group. London: Department of Health; 
Walker, A., Maher, J., Coulthard, M., Goddard, E., Thomas, M., (2001) Living in Britain: Results from the 2000/01 General Household Survey, , London: The Stationery Office; 
Pearson, H., Public health: The demon drink (2004) Nature, 428, pp. 598-600; 
Dyer, O., Goverment must take unpopular decisions to reduce alcohol consumption (2004) BMJ, 328, p. 542; 
(2004) Alcohol Harm Reduction Strategy for England, , http://www.strategy.gov.uk/files/pdf/al04SU.pdf, London: The Cabinet Office; 
Kuntsche, E., Rehm, J., Gmel, G., Characteristics of binge drinkers in Europe (2004) Social Science and Medicine, 59, pp. 113-127; 
Schulenberg, J.E., Maggs, J.L., A developmental perspective on alcohol use and heavy drinking during adolescence and the transition to young adulthood (2002) Journal of Studies on Alcohol Supplement, 14, pp. 54-70; 
Hill, K.G., White, H.R., Chung, I.J., Hawkins, J.D., Catalano, R.F., Early adult outcomes of adolescent binge drinking: Person- And variable-centered analyses of binge drinking trajectories (2000) Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 24, pp. 892-901; 
Casswell, S., Pledger, M., Pratap, S., Trajectories of drinking from 18 to 26 years: Identification and prediction (2002) Addiction, 97, pp. 1427-1437; 
Tucker, J.S., Orlando, M., Ellickson, P.L., Patterns and correlates of binge drinking trajectories from early adolescence to young adulthood (2003) Health Psychology, 22, pp. 79-87; 
Gladstone, J., Levy, M., Nulman, I., Koren, G., Characteristics of pregnant women who engage in binge alcohol consumption (1997) Canadian Medical Association Journal, 156, pp. 789-794; 
Bennett, P., Smith, C., Nugent, Z., Patterns of drinking in Wales (1991) Alcohol and Alcoholism, 26, pp. 367-374; 
Malyutina, S., Bobak, M., Kurilovitch, S., Ryizova, E., Nikitin, Y., Marmot, M., Alcohol consumption and binge drinking in Novosibirsk, Russia, 1985-95 (2001) Addiction, 96, pp. 987-995; 
Makela, P., Fonager, K., Hibell, B., Nordlund, S., Sabroe, S., Simpura, J., Episodic heavy drinking in four Nordic countries: A comparative survey (2001) Addiction, 96, pp. 1575-1588; 
Naimi, T.S., Brewer, R.D., Mokdad, A., Denny, C., Serdula, M.K., Marks, J.S., Binge drinking among US adults (2003) JAMA, 289, pp. 70-75; 
Wilsnack, R.W., Vogeltanz, N.D., Wilsnack, S.C., Harris, T.R., Ahlstrom, S., Bondy, S., Ferri, E., Smith, K., Gender differences in alcohol consumption and adverse drinking consequences: Cross-cultural patterns (2000) Addiction, 95, pp. 251-265; 
Fillmore, K.M., Women's drinking across the adult life course as compared to men's (1987) British Journal of Addiction, 82, pp. 801-811; 
Wennberg, P., Bohman, M., Andersson, T., Variations and stability in drinking patterns in a cohort of Swedish males (2000) Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 28, pp. 312-316; 
Collins, D., Deepchand, K., Fitzgerald, R., Perry, J., Bynner, J., Butler, N., Ferri, E., Smith, K., (2001) National Child Development Study and 19 70 British Cohort Study 1999-2000 Surveys. Stability Change and Development in the British Population. Technical Report, , http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/Cohort/Ncds2000/mainncds00.htm; 
Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33; the Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; 
Dight, S.E., (1976) Scottish Drinking Habits, , A Survey of Scottish Drinking Habits and Attitudes Towards Alcohol Carried Out in 1972 for the Scottish Home and Health Department. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; 
Marmot, M., Ghodshe, A.H., Jarvis, S., Kemm, J.R., Ritson, E.B., Wallace, P., (1995) Alcohol and the Heart in Perspective Sensible Limits Reaffirmed, , Report of a Working Group to the Royal College of Physicians, the Royal College of Psychiatrists, and the Royal College of General Practitioners. London: British Medical Association; 
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Erens, B., Primatesta, P., Prior, G., (2001) Health Survey for England - Health of Minority Ethnic Groups '99, , London: The Stationery Office; 
(2004) Calling Time. The Nation's Drinking As a Major Health Issue, , London: Academy of Medical Sciences; 
Boreham, R., McManus, S., (2003) Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use among Young People in England in 2002, , London: The Stationery Office
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17244364586&doi=10.1111%2fj.1360-0443.2005.01034.x&partnerID=40&md5=f68ace1b9bc135b7e4b8fd7aa32abbf7
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Common visual defects and peer victimization in children
T2  - Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science
J2  - Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
SP  - 1177
EP  - 1181
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1167/iovs.04-0597
SN  - 01460404 (ISSN) 
AU  - Horwood, J.
AU  - Waylen, A.
AU  - Herrick, D.
AU  - Williams, C.
AU  - Wolke, D.
AD  - Department of Community Medicine, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
AD  - Bristol Eye Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
AD  - Jacobs Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland
AD  - University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
AB  - PURPOSE. To investigate whether wearing glasses, having manifest strabismus, or having a history of wearing an eye patch predisposes preadolescent children to being victimized more frequently at school and whether the impact may be different on boys than on girls. METHODS. Data were examined on 6536 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) based in the United Kingdom. At 7.5 years, the children undertook a detailed eye examination by orthoptists, including a cover test and visual acuity assessment. At 8.5 years, trained psychologists assessed the children's bullying involvement as either victim or perpetrator for overt and relational bullying, in a standard interview. RESULTS. Children currently wearing glasses or with a history of wearing eye patches were 35% to 37% more likely to be victims of physical or verbal bullying, even after adjustment for social class and maternal education. No interactions were found between sex and visual problems in the prediction of bullying. CONCLUSIONS. For those children who require glasses, opticians should be aware of the risks of bullying, and strategies should be developed and discussed that help reduce their vulnerability. Copyright © Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.
KW  - amblyopia
KW  - article
KW  - bullying
KW  - childhood disease
KW  - controlled study
KW  - education
KW  - female
KW  - group psychology
KW  - human
KW  - interview
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - orthoptics
KW  - parental schooling
KW  - prediction
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prospective study
KW  - school
KW  - school child
KW  - sex difference
KW  - social class
KW  - spectacles
KW  - strabismus
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - victim
KW  - visual acuity
KW  - visual disorder
KW  - aggression
KW  - child
KW  - educational status
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - sensory deprivation
KW  - statistics
KW  - strabismus
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - violence
KW  - visual disorder
KW  - Aggression
KW  - Child
KW  - Crime Victims
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Eyeglasses
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Sensory Deprivation
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Strabismus
KW  - Violence
KW  - Vision Disorders
N1  - Cited By :69
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IOVSD
C2  - 15790876
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Horwood, J.; University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom; email: j.horwood@bristol.ac.uk
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Björkqvist, K., Sex Differences in physical, verbal, and indirect aggression: A review of recent research (1994) Sex Roles, 30, pp. 177-188; 
Crick, N.R., Grotpeter, J.K., Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment (1995) Child Development, 66, pp. 710-722; 
Smith, P., Ananiadou, K., The nature of school bullying and the effectiveness of school-based interventions (2003) J Appl Psychoanal Studies, 5, pp. 189-209; 
Wolke, D., Woods, S., Schulz, H., Stanford, K., Bullying and victimization of primary school children in South England and South Germany: Prevalence and school factors (2001) Br J Psychol, 92, pp. 673-696; 
Hawker, D., Boulton, M., Twenty years research on peer victimization and psychosocial maladjustment: A meta-analytic review of cross-sectional studies (2000) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 41, pp. 441-455; 
Wolke, D., Woods, S., Bloomfield, L., Karstadt, L., The association between direct and relational bullying and behaviour (2000) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 41, pp. 989-1002; 
Wolke, D., Stanford, K., Bullying in school children (1999) Developmental Psychology, pp. 341-360. , Messer D, Millar S, eds. London: Arnold; 
Olweus, D., Annotation: Bullying at school: Basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program (1994) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 35, pp. 1171-1190; 
Crozier, W.R., Dimmock, P., Name calling and nicknames in a sample of primary school children (1999) Br J Educ Psychol, 69, pp. 505-516; 
Lahteenmaki, P., Huostila, J., Hinkka, S., Salmi, T., Childhood cancer patients at school (2002) Eur J Cancer, 38, pp. 1227-1240; 
Vance, Y., Eiser, C., The school experience of the child with cancer (2002) Child Care Health Dev, 28, pp. 5-19; 
Neumark-Sztainer, D., Falkner, N., Story, M., Perry, C., Hannan, P.J., Mulert, S., Weight-teasing among adolescents: Correlations with weight status and disordered eating behaviors (2002) Int J Obesity, 26, pp. 123-131; 
Pearce, M.J., Boergers, J., Prinstein, M.J., Adolescent obesity, overt and relational peer victimization, and romantic relationships (2002) Obesity Res, 10, pp. 386-393; 
Georgeson, J., Harris, M., Milich, R., Young, J., "Just teasing": Personality effects on perceptions and life narratives of childhood teasing (1999) Personality Soc Psychol Bull, 25, pp. 1254-1267; 
Kowalski, R., "I was only kidding!": Victims' and perpetrators' perceptions of teasing (2000) Personality Soc Psychol Bull, 26, pp. 231-241; 
Keltner, D., Capps, L., Kring, A., Young, R., Heery, E., Just teasing: A conceptual analysis and empirical review (2001) Psychol Bull, 127, pp. 229-248; 
Packwood, E.A., Cruz, O.A., Rychwalski, P.J., Keech, R.V., The psychosocial effects of amblyopia study (1999) J AAPOS, 3, pp. 15-17; 
Uretmen, O., Egrilmez, S., Kose, S., Pamaukçu, K., Akkin, C., Palamar, M., Negative social bias against children with strabismus (2003) Acta Ophthalmol Scand, 81, pp. 138-142; 
Olitsky, S.E., Sudesh, S., Graziano, A., Hamblen, J., Brooks, S.E., Shaha, S.H., The negative psychosocial impact of strabismus in adults (1999) J AAPOS, 3, pp. 209-211; 
Menon, V., Saha, J., Tandon, R., Mehta, M., Khokhar, S., Study of the psychosocial aspects of strabismus (2002) J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 39, pp. 203-208; 
Mruthyunjaya, P., Simon, J.W., Pickering, J.D., Lininger, L.L., Subjective and objective outcomes of strabismus surgery in children (1996) J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus, 33, pp. 167-170; 
Terry, R.L., Macy, R.J., Childrens social judgments of other children who wear eyeglasses (1991) J Soc Behav Personality, 6, pp. 965-974; 
Terry, R.L., Stockton, L.A., Eyeglasses and childrens schemata (1993) J Soc Psychol, 133, pp. 425-438; 
Satterfield, D., Keltner, J.L., Morrison, T.L., Psychosocial aspects of strabismus study (1993) Arch Ophthalmol, 111, pp. 1100-1105; 
Golding, J., Pembrey, M., Jones, R., ALSPAC: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. I. Study methodology (2001) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 15, pp. 74-87; 
Williams, C., Harrad, R., Harvey, I., Sparrow, J., Team, A.S., Screening for amblyopia in preschool children: Results of a population-based, randomised controlled trial (2001) Ophthalmic Epidemiol, 8, pp. 279-295; 
Williams, C., Northstone, K., Harrad, R., Sparrow, J., Harvey, I., Amblyopia treatment outcomes after screening before 3 years vs. at 3 years of age: Follow-up from a randomised trial (2002) BMJ, 324, pp. 1549-1551; 
Williams, C., Northsorie, K., Harrad, R., Sparrow, J., Team, A.S., Amblyopia treatment outcomes after screening at 3 vs. screening at school entry: Observational data from a prospective cohort study (2003) Br J Ophthalmol, 87, pp. 988-993; 
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Osborn, A., Butler, N., Morris, A., (1984) The Social Life of Britain's Five Year Olds: A Report of the Child Health and Education Study, , London: Routledge & Kegan; 
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Horwood, A., Compliance with first time spectacle wear in children under eight years of age (1998) Eye, 12, pp. 173-178
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-18244408844&doi=10.1167%2fiovs.04-0597&partnerID=40&md5=20492d083a7b1fcfd5c0624259ffad04
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Social and environmental conditions across the life course and age at menopause in a British birth cohort study
T2  - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
J2  - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol.
VL  - 112
IS  - 3
SP  - 346
EP  - 354
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00348.x
SN  - 14700328 (ISSN) 
AU  - Hardy, R.
AU  - Kuh, D.
AD  - MRC Natl. Surv. of Hlth. and Devmt., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., London, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC Natl. Surv. of Hlth. and Devmt., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., 1-19 Torrington Place, London WCIE 6BT, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective: To assess whether socio-economic status, environmental stress and hardship throughout the life course are associated with age at menopause. Design: Birth cohort study. Setting: England, Scotland, Wales. Sample: A total of 1515 women from a stratified sample of all births in one week in 1946. Methods: Age at menopause was collected using annual postal questionnaires from age 47 to 53 years. Information on socio-economic conditions and hardship were collected at contacts throughout life from age 2 to 43 years. Socio-economic indicator variables were defined to represent cumulative exposure to hardship in childhood and in adulthood. Main outcome measures: Age at menopause. Results: Cox's proportional hazard models indicated that women whose fathers were in a manual social class occupation at three time points during her childhood had an earlier age at menopause than those whose fathers were in non-manual occupations at all three (HR: 1.51; 95% CI: 0.93-2.47). Similar findings were seen for household crowding. These socio-economic gradients could not be explained by adult socio-economic status, behaviour and lifestyle or by psychological health and stress, but were attenuated by other early life factors. Women who experienced parental divorce early in life (before five years of age) had double the rate of menopause of those whose parents did not divorce (HR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.33-3.42). There were no consistent findings with adult socio-economic indicators. Conclusions: There is some evidence of a cumulative effect of socio-economic circumstances in childhood, but not in adulthood, on age at menopause. Childhood nutrition, cognition and emotional stress possibly underlie the social gradient. © RCOG 2004.
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - divorce
KW  - environmental factor
KW  - female
KW  - household
KW  - human
KW  - lifestyle
KW  - menopause
KW  - normal human
KW  - priority journal
KW  - social aspect
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Crowding
KW  - Divorce
KW  - Environment
KW  - Epidemiologic Methods
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Housing
KW  - Humans
KW  - Menopause
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Stress, Psychological
N1  - Cited By :46
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BIOGF
C2  - 15713152
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hardy, R.; MRC Natl. Surv. of Hlth. and Devmt., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., 1-19 Torrington Place, London WCIE 6BT, United Kingdom
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Bromberger, J.T., Matthews, K.A., Kuller, L.H., Wing, R.R., Meilahn, E.N., Plantinga, P., Prospective study of the determinants of age at menopause (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 145, pp. 124-133; 
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Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M., Smoking, body mass index, socioeconomic status and the age at menopause transition in a British national cohort (2000) Int J Epidemiol, 29, pp. 845-851; 
Gold, E.B., Bromberger, J., Crawford, S., Factors associated with age at natural menopause in a multiethnic sample of midlife women (2001) Am J Epidemiol, 153, pp. 865-874; 
Wise, L.A., Krieger, N., Zierler, S., Harlow, B.L., Lifetime socioeconomic position in relation to onset of perimenopause (2002) J Epidemiol Community Health, 56, pp. 851-860; 
Rich-Edwards, J., A life course approach to women's reproductive health (2002) A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, pp. 23-43. , Kuh D, Hardy R, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Richards, M., Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Lifetime cognitive function and timing of the natural menopause (1999) Neurology, 53, pp. 308-314; 
Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Does early growth influence timing of the menopause? Evidence from a British birth cohort (2002) Hum Reprod, 17, pp. 2474-2479; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time: Childhood, History and Adult Life, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., Kuh, D.J.L., Childhood influences on adult health: A review of recent work in the British 1946 national cohort study, the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (1997) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 11, pp. 2-20; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., Butterworth, S.L., Hardy, R.J., The life course prospective design: An example of benefits and problems associated with study longevity (2003) Soc Sci Med, 57, pp. 2193-2205; 
Kuh, D.L., Wadsworth, M., Hardy, R., Women's health in midlife: The influence of the menopause, social factors and health in earlier life (1997) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 104, pp. 923-933; 
Brambilla, D.J., McKinlay, S.M., A prospective study of factors affecting age at menopause (1989) J Clin Epidemiol, 42, pp. 1031-1039; 
Brambilla, D.J., McKinlay, S.M., Johannes, C.B., Defining the perimenopause for application in epidemiologic investigations (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 140, pp. 1091-1095; 
Lindelow, M., Hardy, R., Rodgers, B., Development of a scale to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general UK population: The Psychiatric Symptom Frequency Scale (1997) J Epidemiol Community Health, 51, pp. 549-557; 
Rodgers, B., Pathways between parental divorce and adult depression (1994) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 35, pp. 1289-1308; 
Cox, D.R., Regression models and life tables (1972) J R Stat Soc, B, 74, pp. 187-220; 
Farewell, V.T., An application of Cox's proportional hazards model to multiple infection data (1979) J R Stat Soc, C, 28, pp. 136-143; 
Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Reproductive characteristics and age at inception of the perimenopause in a British national cohort (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 149, pp. 612-620; 
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Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1979) Roots of Delinquency, , Oxford: Martin Robertson; 
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Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Rodgers, B., Wadsworth, M., Lifetime risk factors for women's psychological distress in midlife (2002) Soc Sci Med, 55, pp. 1957-1973; 
Williams, R., Hostility, psychosocial risk factors, changes in brain serotonergic function, and heart disease (2002) Stress and the Heart: Psychosocial Pathways to Coronary Heart Disease, pp. 86-100. , Stansfeld S, Marmot M, editors. London: BMJ Books; 
Marshall, S.F., Hardy, R.J., Kuh, D., Socioeconomic variations in hysterectomy in a national birth cohort up to age 52 (2000) BMJ, 320, p. 1579; 
Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Menopause and urogenital disorders: A life course approach (2002) A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, pp. 64-85. , Kuh D, Hardy R, editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-14644414805&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.2004.00348.x&partnerID=40&md5=5587206a79d66657dbc6e68ca1e236ca
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Biosocial correlates of stature in a British national cohort
T2  - Journal of Biosocial Science
J2  - J. Biosoc. Sci.
VL  - 37
IS  - 2
SP  - 245
EP  - 251
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1017/S0021932004006558
SN  - 00219320 (ISSN) 
AU  - Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N.
AU  - Lasker, G.W.
AD  - Dept. of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
AD  - Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
AB  - Analyses of height variation using the 1970 UK national cohort study (12,508 children at age 10 and 5470 at age 16) found clear evidence that children of higher socioeconomic status (as measured by social class, crowding, tenure, type of accommodation, income and receipt of government financial assistance) were on average taller than children of lower socio-economic status but there was little or no difference in average stature between children living in urban or rural areas. Significant differences in height remained for most of the variables after removing the effects of father's social class suggesting that reliance on social class per se to explain height variation is inadvisable. © 2004 Cambridge University Press.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - article
KW  - body height
KW  - child
KW  - crowding
KW  - female
KW  - government
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - rural area
KW  - social aspect
KW  - social class
KW  - social status
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - urban area
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Crowding
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Income
KW  - Male
KW  - Rural Population
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Urban Population
N1  - Cited By :17
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JBSLA
C2  - 15768777
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Dept. of Biological Anthropology, University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom
N1  - References: Fogelman, K., (1983) Britain's Sixteen-Year-Olds, , National Children's Bureau, London; 
Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old children - Results from the national Child Development Study (1971) Human Biology, 43, pp. 92-111; 
Lasker, G.W., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Effects of social class differences and social mobility on growth in height, weight and body mass index in a British cohort (1989) Annals of Human Biology, 16, pp. 1-8; 
Lasker, G.W., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Influence of social class on the correlation of stature of adult children with that of their mothers and fathers (1996) Journal of Biosocial Science, 28, pp. 117-122; 
Lindgren, G., Height, weight and menarche in Swedish urban children in relation to socioeconomic factors (1976) Annals of Human Biology, 3, p. 510; 
Liodgren, G.W., Cernerud, L., Physical growth and socioeconomic background of Stockholm schoolchildren born in 1933-1963 (1992) Annals of Human Biology, 19, pp. 1-16; 
Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., The biology of social class (1990) Biosocial Aspects of Social Class, , Mascie-Taylor, C. G. N. (ed.). Oxford University Press, Oxford; 
Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Biosocial influences on stature: A review (1991) Journal of Biosocial Science, 23, pp. 113-128; 
Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Biological correlates of social and geographical mobility in humans: An overview (1998) Human Biology and Social Inequality, , Shetty, P. S. & Strickland, S. S. (eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; 
Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Boldsen, J.L., Regional and social analysis of height variation in a contemporary British sample (1985) Annals of Human Biology, 12, pp. 315-324; 
Stinson, S., Growth variation: Biological and cultural factors (2000) Human Biology, , Stinson, S., Bogin, B., Huss-Ashmore, R. & O'Rourke; D. (eds). Wiley-Liss, New York; 
Tanner, J.M., (1962) Growth at Adolescence, 2nd Edn., , Blackwell Scientific, Oxford; 
Terrell, T.R., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Biosocial correlates of stature in a 16-year old British cohort (1991) Journal of Biosocial Science, 23, pp. 401-408; 
Topp, S.G., Cook, J., Holland, W.W., Elliott, A., Influence of environmental factors on height and weight of school children (1970) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 24, p. 154
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-14644401805&doi=10.1017%2fS0021932004006558&partnerID=40&md5=8ce5e2bd4993d679e9684f72c1856a93
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The EPICure study: Associations and entecedents of neurological and developmental disability at the 30 months of age following extremely preterm birth
T2  - Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition
J2  - Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed.
VL  - 90
IS  - 2
SP  - F134
EP  - F140
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1136/adc.2004.052407
SN  - 13592998 (ISSN) 
AU  - Wood, N.S.
AU  - Costeloe, K.
AU  - Gibson, A.T.
AU  - Hennessy, E.M.
AU  - Marlow, N.
AU  - Wilkinson, A.R.
AD  - Academic Division of Child Health, Queens Medical Centre, East Block, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
AD  - Academic Division of Child Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
AD  - Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Jessop Wing, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
AB  - Aims: To describe perinatal factors associated with later morbidity among extremely preterm children at 30 months of age corrected for prematurity. Population: Of 308 surviving children born at ≤25 weeks gestation in the United Kingdom and Ireland from March to December 1995, 283 (92%) were evaluated at 30 months of age corrected for prematurity. Methods: Cerebral palsy, severe motor disability, and Bayley scores were used as dependent variables in sequential multiple regression analyses to identify factors associated with adverse outcomes. Results: Adverse outcomes were consistently more common in boys. Factors related to perinatal illness, ultrasound evidence of brain injury, and treatment (particularly postnatal steroids) were associated with adverse motor outcomes (cerebral palsy, disability or Bayley psychomotor development index). Increasing duration of postnatal steroid treatment was associated with poor motor outcomes. A score was developed for severe motor disability with good negative predictive value. In contrast, mental development was associated with a broader range of factors: ethnic group, maternal educational level, the use of antenatal steroids, and prolonged rupture of membranes in addition to chronic lung disease. Conclusion: Male sex is a pervasive risk factor for poor outcome at extremely low gestations. Avoidable or effective treatment factors are identified, which may indicate the potential for improving outcome.
KW  - article
KW  - Bayley score
KW  - brain injury
KW  - cerebral palsy
KW  - cognition
KW  - developmental disorder
KW  - disability
KW  - disease association
KW  - echography
KW  - ethnic group
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - Ireland
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mental development
KW  - morbidity
KW  - motor dysfunction
KW  - perinatal morbidity
KW  - prematurity
KW  - prenatal care
KW  - preschool child
KW  - priority journal
KW  - psychomotor development
KW  - scoring system
KW  - steroid therapy
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Cerebral Palsy
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cognition Disorders
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Developmental Disabilities
KW  - Female
KW  - Gestational Age
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Infant, Premature
KW  - Male
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Movement Disorders
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Psychomotor Disorders
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Steroids
N1  - Cited By :254
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ADCHA
C2  - 15724037
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Marlow, N.; Academic Division of Child Health, Queens Medical Centre, East Block, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; email: neil.marlow@nottingham.ac.uk
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Steroids
N1  - References: Wood, N.S., Marlow, N., Costeloe, K., Neurologic and developmental disability after extremely preterm birth (2000) N Engl J Med, 343, pp. 378-384. , EPICure Study Group; 
Vohr, B.R., Wright, L.L., Dusick, A.M., Neurodevelopmental and functional outcomes of extremely low birth weight infants in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network, 1993-1994 (2000) Pediatrics, 105, pp. 1216-1226; 
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Wu, Y.W., Colford Jr., J.M., Chorioamnionitis as a risk factor for cerebral palsy: A meta-analysis (2000) JAMA, 284, pp. 1417-1424; 
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Volpe, J.J., Neurobiology of periventricular leukomalacia in the premature infant (2001) Pediatr Res, 50, pp. 553-562; 
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Pierrat, V., Duquennoy, C., Van Haastert, I.C., Ultrasound diagnosis and neurodevelopmental outcome of localised and extensive cystic periventricular leucomalacia (2001) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 84, pp. F151-F166; 
Borrington, K.J., Hazards of systemic steroids for ventilator-dependent preterm infants: What would a parent want? (2001) Can Med Assoc J, 165, pp. 33-34; 
Doyle, L.W., Davis, P., Morley, C., Risks and benefits of steroids in preterm infants (2001) J Pediatr, 138, pp. 784-786; 
Doyle, L.W., Davis, P., Postnatal corticosteroids in preterm infants: Systematic review of effects on mortality and motor function (2000) J Paediatr Child Health, 36, pp. 101-107; 
Halliday, H.L., Ehrenkranz, R.A., Doyle, L.W., Early postnatal (<96 hours) corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in preterm infants (2003) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (1). , CD001146; 
Halliday, H.L., Ehrenkranz, R.A., Doyle, L.W., Delayed (>3 weeks) postnatal corticosteroids for chronic lung disease in preterm infants (2003) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, (1). , CD001145; 
Yeh, T.F., Lin, Y.J., Huang, C.C., Early dexamethasone therapy in preterm infants: A follow-up study (1998) Pediatrics, 101, pp. E7; 
Wood, N.S., Costeloe, K., Gibson, A.T., The EPICure study: Growth and associated problems in children born at 25 weeks or less gestational age (2003) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 88, pp. F493-F497; 
Stork, A.R., Waldemar, A.C., Tyson, J.E., Adverse effects of early dexamethasone treatment in exrremely-low-birth- weight infants (2001) N Engl J Med, 344, pp. 95-101; 
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Ment, L.R., Schwartz, M., Makuch, R.W., Association of chronic sublethal hypoxia with ventriculomegaly in the developing rat brain (1998) Brain Res, 111, pp. 197-203; 
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Vohr, B.R., Coll, C.G., Lobato, D., Neurodevelopmental and medical status of low birth weight survivors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 10 to 12 years of age (1991) Dev Med Child Neurol, 33, pp. 690-697; 
Vrlenich, L.A., Bozynski, M.E., Shyr, Y., The effect of bronchopulmonary dysplasia on growth at school age (1995) Pediatrics, 95, pp. 855-859; 
Northway, W.H., Moss, R.B., Carlisle, K.B., Late pulmonary sequelae of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (1990) N Engl J Med, 323, pp. 1793-1799; 
Hack, M., Taylor, H.G., Klein, N., School-age outcomes in children with birth weights under 750 g (1994) N Engl J Med, 331, pp. 753-759; 
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Singer, L., Yamashita, T., Lilien, L., A longitudinal study of developmental outcome of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and very low birth weight (1997) Pediatrics, 100, pp. 987-993; 
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Agarwal, R., Chiswick, M.L., Rimmer, S., Antenatal steroids are associated with a reduction in the incidence of cerebral white matter lesions in very low birthweight infants (2002) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 86, pp. F96-F101; 
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Wolke, D., Schultz, J., Meyer, R., Entwicklungslangzeitfolgen bei ehemaligen, sehr unreifen Frühgeborenen (2001) Monatsschr Kinderheilk, 149 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 53-61
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-14744295489&doi=10.1136%2fadc.2004.052407&partnerID=40&md5=86d196ca6eb3e33a51960a61a3cb60c0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Family background, schooling and childlessness in Australia
T2  - Journal of Biosocial Science
J2  - J. Biosoc. Sci.
VL  - 37
IS  - 2
SP  - 229
EP  - 243
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1017/S0021932004006546
SN  - 00219320 (ISSN) 
AU  - Parr, N.J.
AD  - Demographic Research Group, Div. of Economic and Fin. Studies, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
AB  - Using data from Wave 1 of the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, this paper analyses the extent to which childlessness among Australian women aged 40-54 years varies according to the size and type of family in which they were brought up, and the level and type of schooling they had. Multilevel logistic analysis shows that having been educated in a non-government school, having stayed at school to year 12, having a small number of siblings, at age 14 having a father who was either dead or absent, at age 14 having a father who was employed in a professional occupation, or being a migrant from North or West Europe, North America, East Asia or South-East Asia, all are significantly associated with higher rates of childlessness among women in the 40-54 years age range. The effects of these early lifecourse variables on marital and socioeconomic status in later life, and hence on childlessness, are also considered. The implications of the findings for fertility trends and for Australia's public debate are discussed. © 2004 Cambridge University Press.
KW  - adult
KW  - Asia
KW  - Australia
KW  - education
KW  - Europe
KW  - family
KW  - family size
KW  - female
KW  - female infertility
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - marriage
KW  - North America
KW  - review
KW  - social status
KW  - Adult
KW  - Australia
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Family
KW  - Female
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Humans
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Marital Status
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Reproductive Behavior
KW  - Schools
KW  - Social Class
N1  - Cited By :21
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JBSLA
C2  - 15768776
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Parr, N.J.; Demographic Research Group, Div. of Economic and Fin. Studies, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-14644430447&doi=10.1017%2fS0021932004006546&partnerID=40&md5=b5e8e4934f00b08280193bee95f22ad6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Smoking and fracture risk: A meta-analysis
T2  - Osteoporosis International
J2  - Osteoporosis Int.
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
SP  - 155
EP  - 162
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1007/s00198-004-1640-3
SN  - 0937941X (ISSN) 
AU  - Kanis, J.A.
AU  - Johnell, O.
AU  - Oden, A.
AU  - Johansson, H.
AU  - De Laet, C.
AU  - Eisman, J.A.
AU  - Fujiwara, S.
AU  - Kroger, H.
AU  - McCloskey, E.V.
AU  - Mellstrom, D.
AU  - Melton, L.J.
AU  - Pols, H.
AU  - Reeve, J.
AU  - Silman, A.
AU  - Tenenhouse, A.
AD  - WHO Collaborating Ctr. Metab. B., Univ. of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Orthopaedics, Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
AD  - Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
AD  - Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St. Vincent's Hospital, NSW, Australia
AD  - Department Clinical Studies, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
AD  - Department of Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
AD  - Department Geriatric Medicine, University of Goteborg, Goteborg, Sweden
AD  - Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
AD  - Strangeways Research Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom
AD  - ARC Epidemiology Research Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
AD  - Division of Bone Metabolism, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Que., Canada
AB  - Smoking is widely considered a risk factor for future fracture. The aim of this study was to quantify this risk on an international basis and to explore the relationship of this risk with age, sex and bone mineral density (BMD). We studied 59,232 men and women (74% female) from ten prospective cohorts comprising EVOS/EPOS, DOES, CaMos, Rochester, Sheffield, Rotterdam, Kuopio, Hiroshima and two cohorts from Gothenburg. Cohorts were followed for a total of 250,000 person-years. The effect of current or past smoking, on the risk of any fracture, any osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture alone was examined using a Poisson model for each sex from each cohort. Covariates examined were age, sex and BMD. The results of the different studies were merged using the weighted β-coefficients. Current smoking was associated with a significantly increased risk of any fracture compared to non-smokers (RR = 1.25; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.15-1.36). Risk ratio (RR) was adjusted marginally downward when account was taken of BMD, but it remained significantly increased (RR = 1.13). For an osteoporotic fracture, the risk was marginally higher (RR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.13-1.28). The highest risk was observed for hip fracture (RR = 1.84; 95% CI = 1.52-2.22), but this was also somewhat lower after adjustment for BMD (RR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.27-2.02). Risk ratios were significantly higher in men than in women for all fractures and for osteoporotic fractures, but not for hip fracture. Low BMD accounted for only 23% of the smoking-related risk of hip fracture. Adjustment for body mass index had a small downward effect on risk for all fracture outcomes. For osteoporotic fracture, the risk ratio increased with age, but decreased with age for hip fracture. A smoking history was associated with a significantly increased risk of fracture compared with individuals with no smoking history, but the risk ratios were lower than for current smoking. We conclude that a history of smoking results in fracture risk that is substantially greater than that explained by measurement of BMD. Its validation on an international basis permits the use of this risk factor in case finding strategies. © International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation 2004.
KW  - Body mass index
KW  - Hip fracture
KW  - Meta-analysis
KW  - Osteoporotic fracture
KW  - Smoking
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - anamnesis
KW  - article
KW  - bone density
KW  - clinical examination
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - confidence interval
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - fragility fracture
KW  - health hazard
KW  - hip fracture
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - observation
KW  - Poisson distribution
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prospective study
KW  - sex
KW  - smoking
KW  - validation process
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Bone Density
KW  - Female
KW  - Fractures, Bone
KW  - Hip Fractures
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Osteoporosis
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Sex Distribution
KW  - Smoking
N1  - Cited By :458
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: OSINE
C2  - 15175845
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kanis, J.A.; WHO Collaborating Ctr. Metab. B., Univ. of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, United Kingdom; email: w.j.pontefract@shef.ac.uk
N1  - References: Nelson, H.D., Morris, C.D., Kraemer, D.F., Mahon, S., Carney, N., Nygren, P., Helfand, M., Osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: Diagnosis and monitoring (2002) Evidence Report/technology Assessment No. 28, , Oregon Health and Science University Evidence-Based Practice Center (eds) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD; 
Law, M.R., Hackshaw, A.K., A meta-analysis of cigarette smoking, bone mineral density and risk of hip fracture; recognition of a major effect (1997) Br Med J, 315, pp. 841-846; 
Huopio, J., Kroger, H., Honkanen, R., Saarikoski, S., Alhava, E., Risk factors for perimenopausal fractures: A prospective study (2000) Osteoporos Int, 11, pp. 219-227; 
Bohannon, A.D., Hanlon, J.T., Landerman, R., Gold, D.T., Association of race and other potential risk factors with non-vertebral fractures in community-dwelling elderly women (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 149, pp. 1002-1009; 
Mallmin, H., Ljunghall, S., Persson, I., Bergstrom, R., Risk factors for fractures of the distal forearm: A population-based case-control study (1994) Osteoporos Int, 4, pp. 298-304; 
Kelsey, J.L., Browner, W.S., Seeley, D.G., Nevitt, M.C., Cummings, S.R., Risk factors for fracture of the distal forearm and proximal humerus (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 135, pp. 477-489; 
Cummings, S.R., Nevitt, M.C., Browner, W.S., Stone, K., Fox, K.M., Ensrud, K.E., Cauley, J., Vogt, T.M., Risk factors for hip fracture in white women (1995) New Engl J Med, 332, pp. 767-773; 
Osteoporosis: Review of the evidence for prevention, diagnosis and treatment and cost-effectiveness analysis (1998) Osteoporos Int [Suppl 4], 8, pp. 1-88; 
(1998) Physicians Guide to Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis, pp. 1-38. , National Osteoporosis Foundation, Washington DC; 
Brown, J., Josse, R.G., Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada (2002) Canad Med Assoc J [Suppl 10], 167, pp. S1-S34; 
Kanis, J.A., Delmas, P., Burckhardt, P., Cooper, C., Torgerson, D., Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis (1997) Osteoporos Int, 7, pp. 390-406; 
(1999) Osteoporosis: Clinical Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment, , Royal College of Physicians, London; 
(2000) Osteoporosis: Clinical Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment. Update on Pharmacological Interventions and An Algorithm for Management, , Royal College of Physicians, London; 
Kanis, J.A., Black, D., Cooper, C., Dargent, P., Dawson-Hughes, B., De Laet, C., Delmas, P., Tenenhouse, A., A new approach to the development of assessment guidelines for osteoporosis (2002) Osteoporos Int, 13, pp. 527-536; 
Kanis, J.A., Diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk (2002) Lancet, 359, pp. 1929-1936; 
Kreiger, N., Tenenhouse, A., Joseph, L., The Canadian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (CaMos): Background, rationale, methods (1999) Can J Aging, 18, pp. 376-387; 
Jones, G., Nguyen, T.V., Sambrook, P.N., Kelly, P.J., Gilbert, C., Eisman, J.A., Symptomatic fracture incidence in elderly men and women. The Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study (DOES) (1994) Osteoporos Int, 4, pp. 277-282; 
Nguyen, T.V., Eisman, J.A., Kelly, P.J., Sambrook, P.N., Risk factors for osteoporotic fractures in elderly men (1996) Am J Epidemiol, 144, pp. 255-263; 
O'Neill, T.W., Felsenberg, D., Varlow, J., Cooper, C., Kanis, J.A., Silman, A.J., The prevalence of vertebral deformity in European men and women: European vertebral osteoporosis study (1996) J Bone Miner Res, 11, pp. 1010-1017; 
Felsenberg, D., Silman, A.J., Lunt, M., Ambrecht, G., Ismail, A.A., Finn, J.D., Cockerill, W.C., O'Neill, T.W., Incidence of vertebral fracture in Europe: Results from the European Prospective Osteoporosis Study (EPOS) (2002) J Bone Miner Res, 17, pp. 716-724; 
Ismail, A.A., Pye, S.R., Cockerill, W.C., Lunt, M., Silman, A.J., Reeve, J., Banzer, D., O'Neill, T.W., Incidence of limb fracture across Europe: Results from the European Prospective Osteoporosis Study (EPOS) (2002) Osteoporos Int, 13, pp. 565-571; 
Svanborg, A., 70-Year-old people in Gothenburg. A population study in an industrialised Swedish city II. Journal Presentation of Social and Medical Conditions (1977) Acta Med Scand [Suppl], 611, p. 5; 
Johansson, C., Black, D., Johnell, O., Oden, A., Mellstrom, D., Bone mineral density is a predictor of survival (1998) Calcif Tissue Int, 63, pp. 190-196; 
Stenstrom, M., Olsson, J.O., Mellstrom, D., Thyroid hormone replacement is not related to increased risk of osteoporosis (2000) Osteoporos Int [Suppl 2], 11, pp. S144; 
Fujiwara, S., Kasagi, F., Yamada, M., Kodama, K., Risk factors for hip fracture in Japanese cohort (1997) J Bone Miner Res, 12, pp. 998-1004; 
Fujiwara, S., Fumiyoshi, K., Masunari, N., Naito, K., Suzuki, G., Fukunage, M., Fracture prediction from bone mineral density in Japanese men and women (2003) J Bone Miner Res, 18, pp. 1547-1553; 
Honkanen, R., Kroger, H., Tuppurainen, M., Alhava, E., Saarikoski, S., Fractures and low axial bone density in perimenopausal women (1995) J Clin Epidemiol, 48, pp. 881-888; 
Melton III, L.J., Crowson, C.S., O'Fallon, W.M., Wahner, H.W., Riggs, B.L., Relative contributions of bone density, bone turnover and clinical risk factors to long-term fracture prediction (2003) J Bone Miner Res, 18, pp. 312-318; 
Melton III, L.J., Atkinson, E.J., O'Connor, M.K., O'Fallon, W.M., Riggs, B.L., Bone density and fracture risk in men (1998) J Bone Miner Res, 13, pp. 1915-1923; 
Hofman, A., Grobbee, D.E., De Jong, P.T., Van Den Ouweland, F.A., Determinants of disease and disability in the elderly: The Rotterdam study (1991) Eur J Epidemiol, 7, pp. 403-422; 
De Laet, C.E., Van Hout, B.A., Burger, H., Hofman, A., Weel, A.E., Pols, H.A.P., Hip fracture prediction in elderly men and women: Validation of the Rotterdam study (1998) J Bone Miner Res, 13, pp. 1587-1593; 
Johansson, H., Oden, A., Johnell, O., Jonsson, B., De Laet, C., Oglesby, A., McCloskey, E.V., Kanis, J.A., Optimisation of BMD measurements to identify high-risk groups for treatment - A test analysis (2003) J Bone Miner Res, , in press; 
Kanis, J.A., Oden, A., Johnell, O., Jonsson, B., De Laet, C., Dawson, A., The burden of osteoporotic fractures: A method for setting intervention thresholds (2001) Osteoporos Int, 12, pp. 417-427; 
Higgins, J.P.T., Thompson, S.G., Deeks, J.J., Altman, D.G., Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses (2003) Br Med J, 327, pp. 557-560; 
Marshall, D., Johnell, O., Wedel, H., Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures (1996) Lancet, 312, pp. 1254-1259; 
Cornuz, J., Feskanich, D., Willett, W.C., Smoking, smoking cessation and risk of hip fracture in women (1999) Am J Med, 106, pp. 311-314; 
Sowers, M.R., Clark, M.K., Hollis, B., Wallace, R.B., Jannausch, M., Radial bone mineral density in pre- And perimenopausal women: A prospective study of rates and risk factors for loss (1992) J Bone Miner Res, 7, pp. 647-657; 
Hannan, M.T., Felson, D.T., Dawson Hughes, B., Tucker, K.L., Cupples, L.A., Wilson, P.W.F., Keil, D.P., Risk factors for longitudinal bone loss in elderly men and women. The Framingham Osteoporosis Study (2000) J Bone Miner Res, 15, pp. 710-720; 
Burger, H., De Laet, C., Van Daele, P., Weel, A., Witteman, J., Hofman, A., Pols, H., Risk factors of increased bone loss in an elderly population. The Rotterdam Study (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 147, pp. 871-879; 
Hermann, A.P., Brot, C., Gram, J., Kolthoff, N., Mosekilde, L., Premenopausal smoking and bone density in 2,015 perimenopausal women (2000) J Bone Miner Res, 15, pp. 780-787; 
McKinlay, S.M., Bifano, N.L., McKinley, J.B., Smoking and age at menopause in women (1985) Ann Intern Med, 103, pp. 350-356; 
Seeman, E., The effects of tobacco and alcohol use on bone (1996) Osteoporosis 1996, pp. 577-597. , Marcus R, Feldman D, Kelsey J (eds) Academic, San Diego; 
Kiel, D.P., Baron, J.A., Anderson, J.J., Hannan, M.T., Felson, D.T., Smoking eliminates the potential effects of oral estrogens on the risk for hip fractures among women (1992) Ann Intern Med, 116, pp. 716-721; 
Hoidrup, S., Gronbaek, M., Pedersen, A.T., Lauritzen, J.B., Gottschau, A., Schroll, M., Hormone replacement therapy and hip fracture risk: Effects of modifications by tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity and body mass index (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 150, pp. 1085-1093; 
Johnell, O., Gullberg, B., Kanis, J.A., Allander, E., Elffors, L., Dequeker, J., Dilsen, G., Ribot, C., Risk factors for hip fracture in European women: The MEDOS study (1995) J Bone Miner Res, 10, pp. 1802-1815; 
Gunnes, M., Mellstrom, D., Johnell, O., How well can a previous fracture indicate a new fracture? A questionnaire study of 29,802 postmenopausal women (1998) Acta Orthop Scand, 69, pp. 508-512; 
Ensrud, K.E., Nevitt, M.C., Yunis, C., Cauley, J.A., Seeley, D.G., Fox, K.M., Correlates of impaired function in older women (1994) J Am Geriatr Soc, 42, pp. 481-489; 
Nelson, H.D., Nevitt, M.E., Scott, J.C., Stone, K.L., Cummings, S.R., Smoking, alcohol and neuromuscular and physical function of older women (1994) JAMA, 272, pp. 1825-1831; 
Svendsen, O.L., Hassager, C., Skodt, T., Christiansen, C., Impact of soft tissue on in vivo accuracy of bone mineral measurements in the spine, hip and forearm: A human cadaveric study (1995) J Bone Miner Res, 10, pp. 868-873; 
Kanis, J.A., Johnell, O., Oden, A., De Laet, C., Jonsson, B., Intervention thresholds for osteoporosis (2001) Bone, 31, pp. 26-31; 
Van Staa, T.P., Leufkens, H.G.M., Cooper, C., Does a fracture at one site predict later fractures at other sites? A British cohort study (2002) Osteoporos Int, 13, pp. 624-629; 
Klotzbeucher, C.M., Ross, P.D., Landsman, P.B., Abbot, T.A., Berger, M., Patients with prior fractures have an increased risk of future fractures: A summary of the literature and statistical synthesis (2000) J Bone Miner Res, 15, pp. 721-739; 
(2002) Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis. Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment, , Bone and Tooth Society of Great Britain, National Osteoporosis Society and Royal College of Physicians. Royal College of Physicians, London; 
Delmas, P.D., Eastell, R., Garnero, P., Seibel, M.J., Stepan, J., The use of biochemical markers of bone turnover in osteoporosis (2000) Osteoporos Int [Suppl 6], 11, pp. S2-S17
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-19944432683&doi=10.1007%2fs00198-004-1640-3&partnerID=40&md5=422f6f167d979c3fc8f33039314462da
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Changes in diet and physical activity in the 1990s in a large British sample (1958 birth cohort)
T2  - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
J2  - Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
VL  - 59
IS  - 1
SP  - 49
EP  - 56
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602032
SN  - 09543007 (ISSN) 
AU  - Parsons, T.J.
AU  - Manor, O.
AU  - Power, C.
AD  - Dept. of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Sch. of Public Health/Comm. Medicine, Hebrew University, Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
AB  - Objectives: To investigate whether adults studied in 1991 and 1999 (at ages 33 and 42 y) improved their diet and their physical activity level, in the direction of recommendations issued during the same period. Design: Longitudinal 1958 British birth cohort study. Setting: England, Scotland and Wales. Participants: All births, 3rd-9th March, 1958. A minimum of 11 341 participants provided data at 33y, 11 361 at 42 y. Main outcome measures: Frequency of leisure time activity and consumption of (i) fried food, (ii) chips, (iii) wholemeal bread and (iv) fruit and salad/raw vegetables, at 33 and 42 y. Results: Most people changed their physical activity and dietary habits over the 8-y period. About a third of men and women increased, and a third decreased their activity frequency. Findings for fried food consumption were similar. A significantly greater proportion of cohort members decreased their chips consumption (32%), rather than increased it (17%) and increased their fruit and salad consumption (30%), rather than decreased it (25%). In all, 26% of men and 33% of women consistently ate, or switched to eating mostly wholemeal bread, while 56% of men and 48% of women consistently ate less or switched to eating less. Social gradients were seen for activity and diet in 1991, but associations between social factors or body mass index and change in activity or diet were inconsistent. Conclusions: Lifestyle habits such as dietary intake and physical activity are slow to change. Current health promotion strategies may need to be supplemented with additional methods to affect the desired change in these habits. © 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved.
KW  - Cohort study
KW  - Diet
KW  - Physical activity
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - body mass
KW  - bread
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - data analysis
KW  - dietary intake
KW  - eating habit
KW  - feeding behavior
KW  - female
KW  - food intake
KW  - fruit
KW  - frying
KW  - health promotion
KW  - human
KW  - leisure
KW  - lifestyle
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - male
KW  - meal
KW  - physical activity
KW  - raw food
KW  - sex ratio
KW  - social aspect
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - vegetable
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Diet
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Female
KW  - Food Habits
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Health Behavior
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - Humans
KW  - Leisure Activities
KW  - Male
KW  - Sex Distribution
N1  - Cited By :32
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EJCNE
C2  - 15266307
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Parsons, T.J.; Dept. of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, United Kingdom; email: t.parsons@ich.ucl.ac.uk
N1  - References: Agresti, A., (1990) Categorical Data Analysis, , New York: Wiley; 
A report on activity patterns and fitness levels (1992), Allied Dunbar Health and Fitness Survey London: Sports Council and Health Education Authority; American College of Sports Medicine position stand. The recommended quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in healthy adults (1990) Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 22, pp. 265-274. , American College of Sports Medicine; 
Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 
National Food Survey 2000 (2001), http://www.defra.gov.uk/esg/Work_htm/publications/cf/nfs/current/nfs.htm, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs London: The Stationary Office; Dietary reference values for food energy and nutrients for the United Kingdom (1991), Department of Health London: The Stationary Office. Report of the Panel on Dietary Reference Values of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy; (1992) The Health of the Nation: A Strategy for Health in England, , Department of Health London: The Stationary Office; 
Nutritional aspects of cardiovascular disease (1994), Department of Health Report of the cardiovascular review group of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy. London: The Stationary Office; More people more active more often (1995) Physical Activity in England: A Consultation Paper, , Department of Health London: The Stationary Office; 
Nutritional aspects of the development of cancer (1998), Department of Health Report of the working group on diet and cancer of the Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy. London: The Stationary Office; Diet and cardiovascular disease (1984), Department of Health and Social Security Committee on Medical Aspects of Food Policy. Report of the Panel on Diet in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease. London: The Stationary Office; Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; 
The Balance of Good Health (2002), http://www.nutrition.org.uk/information/dietandhealth/balanceddiet.html, Food Standards Agency; Cardiovascular disease '98 (1999), http://www.doh.gov.uk/public/hse98.htm, Health Survey for England London: The Stationary Office; Hillsdon, M., Cavill, N., Nanchahal, K., Diamond, A., White, I.R., National level promotion of physical activity: Results from England's ACTIVE for LIFE campaign (2001) J. Epidemiol.Community Health, 55, pp. 755-761; 
Introduction to the National Child Development Study (NCDS) (2002), http://www.cls.ioe.ac.uk/Cohort/Ncds/Documentation/maindocs.htm; Adults aged 19 to 64 years (2002), 1. , http://www.foodstandards.gov.uk/science/101717/ndnsdocuments /printedreportpage, National Diet and Nutrition Survey London: The Stationary Office; Osler, M., Heitmann, B.L., Hoidrup, S., Jorgensen, L.M., Schroll, M., Food intake patterns, self rated health and mortality in Danish men and women. A prospective observational study (2001) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 55, pp. 399-403; 
Pate, R.R., Pratt, M., Blair, S.N., Haskell, W.L., Macera, C.A., Bouchard, C., Buchner, D., Wilmore, J.H., Physical activity and public health. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine (1995) JAMA, 273, pp. 402-407; 
(1990) The Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults, , The Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults London: HMSO; 
Whichelow, M.J., Changes in dietary habits (1993) The Health and Lifestyle Survey. Seven Years on, pp. 197-220. , ed. BD Cox, FA Huppert & MJ Whichelow, Aldershot: Dartmouth Publishing Company; 
Whichelow, M.J., Prevost, A.T., Dietary patterns and their associations with demographic, lifestyle and health variables in a random sample of British adults (1996) Br. J. Nutr., 76, pp. 17-30; 
Willett, W., Nutritional Epidemiology (1998) Modern Epidemiology, pp. 623-642. , ed. KJ Rothman & S Greenland, Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-12144267940&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ejcn.1602032&partnerID=40&md5=43c78bb6873a062ce57feff04fdfbd13
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Birth prevalence and survival in cystic fibrosis: A national cohort study in the Netherlands
T2  - Chest
J2  - Chest
VL  - 128
IS  - 4
SP  - 2309
EP  - 2315
PY  - 2005
DO  - 10.1378/chest.128.4.2309
SN  - 00123692 (ISSN) 
AU  - Slieker, M.G.
AU  - Uiterwaal, C.S.P.M.
AU  - Sinaasappel, M.
AU  - Heijerman, H.G.M.
AU  - Van Laag, J.D.
AU  - Van Der Ent, C.K.
AD  - Cystic Fibrosis Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
AD  - Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
AD  - Department of Pediatric Gastro-Enterology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
AD  - Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, Netherlands
AD  - Cystic Fibrosis Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, Netherlands
AB  - Background: Birth prevalence and survival in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) in the Netherlands were last investigated > 30 years ago. However, since then the birth prevalence may have decreased because of genetic counseling and an increased number of newborns of non-European descent. Although survival of CF patients has increased worldwide, a significantly lower median age at death was recently reported in the Netherlands compared with data from the United States. Objectives: To analyze birth prevalence and survival in CF patients in the Netherlands, and to compare this survival data with US CF data. Design: Survey of all CF patients living in the Netherlands, and analysis of Dutch CF mortality statistics using data from the Dutch central statistics office, Statistics Netherlands (Voorburg, the Netherlands), and a comparison with Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (Bethesda, MD) patient registry data. Setting: All CF centers in the Netherlands and the United States. Participants: All CF patients treated in the Netherlands on January 1, 2001, and all persons who died of CF between 1974 and 2000, and an equivalent US population. Measurements: Birth prevalence and birth cohort-specific survival. Results: The overall birth prevalence of CF for 1974 to 1994 was 1 in 4,750 live births, which is a considerable decrease compared with 1961 to 1965 (1 in 3,600 live births). Estimated survival to 30 years increased from 6% in the 1950-to-1954 cohort, to 36% in the 1970-to-1973 cohort. Exact survival could be calculated from 1974 onwards. Survival to 15 years increased from 72% from the 1974-to-1979 cohort, to 91% in the 1985-to-1989 cohort. Survival in the United States in the 1980-to-1984 cohort was better compared to the Netherlands, but this difference has disappeared over subsequent cohorts. Conclusions: The actual birth prevalence of CF in the Netherlands is clearly lower than it was 30 years ago. Survival in CF has dramatically improved. The difference in survival between the Netherlands and the United States, as observed in the cohorts born > 20 years ago, has disappeared.
KW  - Birth prevalence
KW  - Cystic fibrosis
KW  - Survival
KW  - article
KW  - birth
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - cystic fibrosis
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - newborn
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - survival rate
PB  - American College of Chest Physicians
N1  - Cited By :47
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CHETB
C2  - 16236889
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Slieker, M.G.; Cystic Fibrosis Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB Utrecht, Netherlands; email: m.g.slieker@umcutrecht.nl
N1  - References: Kate, L.P., Cystic fibrosis in the Netherlands (1977) Int J Epidemiol, 6, pp. 23-34; 
Mahadeva, R., Webb, K., Westerbeek, R.C., Clinical outcome in relation to care in centres specialising in cystic flbrosis: Cross sectional study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1771-1775; 
Merelle, M.E., Schouten, J.P., Gerritsen, J., Influence of neonatal screening and centralized treatment on long-term clinical outcome and survival of CF patients (2001) Eur Respir J, 18, pp. 306-315; 
Fogarty, A., Hubbard, R., Britton, J., International comparison of median age at death from cystic fibrosis (2000) Chest, 117, pp. 1656-1660; 
Kulich, M., Rosenfeld, M., Goss, C.H., Improved survival among young patients with cystic fibrosis (2003) J Pediatr, 142, pp. 631-636; 
Dodge, J.A., Morison, S., Lewis, P.A., Incidence, population, and survival of cystic fibrosis in the UK, 1968-95: UK Cystic Fibrosis Survey Management Committee (1997) Arch Dis Child, 77, pp. 493-496; 
(2003) Patient Registry 2002 Annual Report, , Bethescla, MD: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation; 
Lewis, P.A., Morison, S., Dodge, J.A., Survival estimates for adults with cystic fibrosis born in the United Kingdom between 1947 and 1967: The UK Cystic Fibrosis Survey Management Committee (1999) Thorax, 54, pp. 420-422; 
Van Der Laag, J., Sinaasappel, M., Heijerman, H.G., (1998) Diagnostiek en Behandeling Van Cystic Fibrosis, , Utrecht, the Netherlands: CBO; 
Statistics Netherlands, , www.statline.cbs.nl/; 
Kerem, E., Kaiman, Y.M., Yahav, Y., Highly variable incidence of cystic fibrosis and different mutation distribution among different Jewish ethnic groups in Israel (1995) Hum Genet, 96, pp. 193-197; 
Scotet, V., Audrezet, M.P., Roussey, M., Impact of public health strategies on the birth prevalence of cystic fibrosis in Brittany, France (2003) Hum Genet, 113, pp. 280-285; 
De Vries, H.G., Collee, J.M., De Walle, H.E., Prevalence of delta F508 cystic fibrosis carriers in the Netherlands: Logistic regression on sex, age, region of residence and number of offspring (1997) Hum Genet, 99, pp. 74-79; 
Farrell, P.M., Kosorok, M.R., Rock, M.J., Early diagnosis of cystic fibrosis through neonatal screening prevents severe malnutrition and improves long-term growth: Wisconsin Cystic Fibrosis Neonatal Screening Study Group (2001) Pediatrics, 107, pp. 1-13; 
Gregg, R.G., Wilfond, B.S., Farrell, P.M., Application of DNA analysis in a population-screening program for neonatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF): Comparison of screening protocols (1993) Am J Hum Genet, 52, pp. 616-626; 
Bossi, A., Casazza, G., Padoan, R., What is the incidence of cystic fibrosis in Italy? Data from the National Registry (1988-2001) (2004) Hum Biol, 76, pp. 455-467; 
Mabogunje, O.A., Wang, C.I., Mahour, H., Improved survival of neonates with meconium ileus (1982) Arch Surg, 117, pp. 37-40; 
Cystic Fibrosis Mutation Database, , www.genet.sickkids.on.ca/cftr; 
Dankert-Roelse, J.E., Te Meerman, G.J., Long term prognosis of patients with cystic fibrosis in relation to early detection by neonatal screening and treatment in a cystic fibrosis centre (1995) Thorax, 50, pp. 712-718; 
Britton, J.R., Effects of social class, sex, and region of residence on age at death from cystic fibrosis (1989) BMJ, 298, pp. 483-487; 
Curtis, J.R., Burke, W., Kassner, A.W., Absence of health insurance is associated with decreased life expectancy in patients with cystic fibrosis (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 155, pp. 1921-1924; 
Bobadilla, J.L., Macek Jr., M., Fine, J.P., Cystic fibrosis: A worldwide analysis of CFTR mutations; correlation with incidence data and application to screening (2002) Hum Mutat, 19, pp. 575-606; 
Frederiksen, B., Lanng, S., Koch, C., Improved survival in the Danish center-treated cystic fibrosis patients: Results of aggressive treatment (1996) Pediatr Pulmonol, 21, pp. 153-158; 
Frederiksen, B., Koch, C., Hoiby, N., Changing epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in Danish cystic fibrosis patients (1974-1995) (1999) Pediatr Pulmonol, 28, pp. 159-166; 
Emerson, J., Rosenfeld, M., McNamara, S., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other predictors of mortality and morbidity in young children with cystic fibrosis (2002) Pediatr Pulmonol, 34, pp. 91-100; 
Lewis, P.A., Inferences for health provision from survival data in cystic fibrosis (1998) Arch Dis Child, 79, pp. 297-299
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-27144525477&doi=10.1378%2fchest.128.4.2309&partnerID=40&md5=095796d0a4e6d10e9a62f8c3ad2148b4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Perinatal outcomes at Bella Coola General Hospital: 1940 to 2001.
T2  - Canadian journal of rural medicine : the official journal of the Society of Rural Physicians of Canada = Journal canadien de la médecine rurale : le journal officiel de la Société de médecine rurale du Canada
J2  - Can J Rural Med
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
SP  - 22
EP  - 28
PY  - 2005
SN  - 12037796 (ISSN) 
AU  - Thommasen, H.V.
AU  - Klein, M.C.
AU  - Mackenzie, T.
AU  - Grzybowski, S.
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 4202 Davie Avenue, Prince George, BC, V2M 4G7 Canada.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To describe perinatal outcomes (mortality, weight, condition at birth) at an isolated, rural hospital. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. Study population: Neonates born to women beyond 20 weeks' gestation who delivered in the Bella Coola General Hospital (BCGH) between Mar. 7, 1940, and June 9, 2001, inclusive. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Information collected from the labour and delivery case room record book includes Aboriginal status, date of delivery, birth weight, newborn mortality, and newborn condition at birth. RESULTS: There were 2373 deliveries, including 12 sets of twins. Total newborn mortality rates declined from approximately 4.7% in the 1940-1954 time period to 0.7% in the 1970-1984 time period and have remained near that level ever since. From 1940-1960 BCGH's perinatal mortality rate was higher than Canada's; it was lower than Canada's in the 1970s, higher in the 1980s and about the same for the 1990s. The condition of the vast majority (approximately 90%) of newborns was described as being "good" at birth. Approximately 5% of newborns had birth weights < 2500 g, and this has not changed much over the years. In the 1951-1962 time period Aboriginal women had a higher percentage (8%) of infants with birth weight < 2500 g compared with non-Aboriginal women (5%), but this percentage has declined over time to the point where the rate for both groups is now around 5%. CONCLUSIONS: Women giving birth in the low technology environment of the BCGH experienced acceptable neonatal outcomes. Trends in perinatal mortality, morbidity and low-birth-weight rates mirror those recorded for Canada.
KW  - American Indian
KW  - Apgar score
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - Canada
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - female
KW  - general hospital
KW  - human
KW  - infant mortality
KW  - male
KW  - newborn
KW  - newborn disease
KW  - retrospective study
KW  - rural population
KW  - twins
KW  - Apgar Score
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - British Columbia
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Hospitals, General
KW  - Humans
KW  - Indians, North American
KW  - Infant Mortality
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Infant, Newborn, Diseases
KW  - Male
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Rural Population
KW  - Twins
N1  - Cited By :6
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 15656920
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Thommasen, H.V.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17544378893&partnerID=40&md5=91254fb183e818b827f32394ada25d1a
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Influences on childhood height: Comparing two generations in the 1958 British birth cohort
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Int. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 33
IS  - 6
SP  - 1320
EP  - 1328
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1093/ije/dyh325
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Li, L.
AU  - Power, C.
AD  - Ctr. of Paediat. Epidemiol./Biostat., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
AB  - Background. Genetics and early environment are known to influence height, but evidence is sparse on changes in these influences over time. Methods. The 1958 British birth cohort study includes all children born between March 3, 1958 and March 9, 1958, who were followed to age 41 yr, and one-third of their offspring in 1991. Childhood height in each generation (measured at 7 yr for cohort members and 4-18 yr for offspring) was converted to a standard deviation score based on the 1990 British growth reference. We used multilevel models to analyse influences on height in order to allow for the hierarchical within-family data structure. Results. Childhood height increased by 1 cm between 1958 cohort members and their offspring. Several influences on childhood height in the older generation (maternal smoking, breastfeeding, maternal age, social class, maternal education, and parental divorce) did not affect childhood height in the younger generation. Parental height was most strongly associated with childhood height and effects did not diminish between generations [adjusted increase ∼2 cm for 1 maternal or paternal height standard deviation score (SDS)]. Third- or later-borns and those with three or more siblings had deficits of 1-2 cm (adjusted estimates) in both generations. Other factors, particularly indicators of socioeconomic position, showed weaker effects in the younger generation. For example, the growth deficit of 1.1 cm (adjusted estimate) among cohort members from households with >1.5 persons/room had disappeared in the offspring. Conclusions. Within Great Britain, the adverse effects of environmental factors on childhood height have lessened between recent generation. © International Epidemiological Association 2004; all rights reserved.
KW  - Britain
KW  - Childhood height
KW  - Cohort study
KW  - Early-life influences
KW  - Intergenerational comparison
KW  - height
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - birth order
KW  - body height
KW  - breast feeding
KW  - child growth
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - data analysis
KW  - divorce
KW  - education
KW  - environmental factor
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - genetics
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - maternal age
KW  - priority journal
KW  - reference value
KW  - scoring system
KW  - sibling
KW  - social class
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Parents
KW  - Social Class
N1  - Cited By :39
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJEPB
C2  - 15358746
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Li, L.; Ctr. of Paediat. Epidemiol./Biostat., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: L.Li@ich.ucl.ac.uk
N1  - References: Sinclair, D.D.P., (1998) Human Growth After Birth, , 6th edn. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications; 
Mueller, W.H., The genetics of size and shape in children and adults (1986) Human Growth, , Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds). New York: Plenum Press; 
Kuh, D.L., Wadsworth, M., Parental height: Childhood environment and subsequent adult height in a national birth cohort (1989) Int. J. Epidemiol., 18, pp. 663-668; 
Bobak, M., Kriz, B., Leon, D., Danova, J., Marmot, M., Socioeconomic factors and height of preschool children in the Czech Republic (1994) Am. J. Public Health, 84, pp. 1167-1170; 
Cernerud, L., Elfving, J., Social inequality in height. A comparison between 10-year-old Helsinki and Stockholm children (1995) Scand. J. Soc. Med., 23, pp. 23-27; 
Kromeyer, K., Hauspie, R.C., Susanne, C., Socioeconomic factors and growth during childhood and early adolescence in Jena children (1997) Ann. Hum. Biol., 24, pp. 343-353; 
Li, L., Manor, O., Power, C., Early environment and child-to-adult growth trajectories in the 1958 British birth cohort (2004) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 80, pp. 185-192; 
Takaishi, M., Secular changes in growth of Japanese children (1994) J. Pediatr. Endocrinol., 7, pp. 163-173; 
Hughes, J.M., Li, L., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Trends in growth in England and Scotland, 1972 to 1994 (1997) Arch. Dis. Child, 76, pp. 182-189; 
Cole, T.J., Secular trends in growth (2000) Proc. Nutr. Soc., 59, pp. 317-324; 
Cernerud, L., The association between height and some structural social variables: A study of 10-year-old children in Stockholm during 40 years (1993) Ann. Hum. Biol., 20, pp. 469-476; 
Prebeg, Z., Changes in growth patterns in Zagreb school children related to socio-economic background over the period 1973-1991 (1998) Ann. Hum. Biol., 25, pp. 425-439; 
Kuh, D.L., Power, C., Rodgers, B., Secular trends in social class and sex differences in adult height (1991) Int. J. Epidemiol., 20, pp. 1001-1009; 
Cavelaars, A.E., Kunst, A.E., Geurts, J.J., Persistent variations in average height between countries and between socio-economic groups: An overview of 10 European countries (2000) Ann. Hum. Biol., 27, pp. 407-421; 
Silventoinen, K., Kaprio, J., Lahelma, E., Koskenvuo, M., Relative effect of genetic and environmental factors on body height: Differences across birth cohorts among Finnish men and women (2000) Am. J. Public Health, 90, pp. 627-630; 
(1997) The Health of Adult Britain 1841-1994, 1. , UK Office for National Statistics; 
Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old children. Results from the National Child Development Study (1958 cohort) (1971) Hum. Biol., 43, pp. 92-111; 
Rona, R.J., Genetic and environmental factors in the control of growth in childhood (1981) Br. Med. Bull., 37, pp. 265-272; 
Fogelman, K., Manor, O., Smoking in pregnancy and development into early adulthood (1988) BMJ, 297, pp. 1233-1236; 
Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; 
(1994), Centre for Longitudinal Studies Institute of Education. National Child Development Study composite file including selected perinatal data and sweeps one to five [computer file]. National Birthday Trust Fund, National Children's Bureau, City University Social Statistics Research Unit [original data producers]. Colchester, Essex: The Data Archive [distributor]. SN:3148; Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height childhood to adulthood in the 1958 British born cohort (1997) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 66, pp. 1094-1101; 
Freeman, J.V., Cole, T.J., Chinn, S., Jones, P.R., White, E.M., Preece, M.A., Cross sectional stature and weight reference curves for the UK, 1990 (1995) Arch. Dis. Child, 73, pp. 17-24; 
Goldstein, H., (1995) Multilevel Statistical Models, , 2nd edn. NewYork: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 
Brundtland, G.H., Liestol, K., Walloe, L., Height, weight and menarcheal age of Oslo schoolchildren during the last 60 years (1980) Ann. Hum. Biol., 7, pp. 307-322; 
Rona, R.J., A surveillance system of growth in Britain (1989) Auxology '88. Perspectives in the Science of Growth and Development, , Tanner J, (ed.). Selected Papers from the Fifth International Auxology Congress. Exeter UK, July 1988. London: Smith-Gordon (Nishiura); 
Bielicki, T., Physical growth as a measure of the economic well-being of populations: The twentieth century (1986) Human Growth, , Falkner F, Tanner JM (eds). New York: Plenum Press; 
(1991) Social Trends, 21. , Central Statistical Office; 
(1991) Mortality Statistics. Perinatal and Infant: Social and Biological Factors 1991, , OPCS. Series DH3 no. 25. London: HMSO; 
Li, L., Manor, O., Power, C., Are inequalities in height narrowing? Comparing effects of social class on height in two generations Arch. Dis. Child, , in press; 
Rona, R.J., Swan, A.V., Altman, D.G., Social factors and height of primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland (1978) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 32, pp. 147-154; 
Herngreen, W.P., van Buuren, S., van Wieringen, J.C., Reerink, J.D., Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P., Ruys, J.H., Growth in length and weight from birth to 2 years of a representative sample of Netherlands children (born in 1988-89) related to socioeconomic status and other background characteristics (1994) Ann. Hum. Biol., 21, pp. 449-463; 
Ong, K.K., Preece, M.A., Emmett, P.M., Ahmed, M.L., Dunger, D.B., Size at birth and early childhood growth in relation to maternal smoking, parity and infant breast-feeding: Longitudinal birth cohort study and analysis (2002) Pediatr. Res., 52, pp. 863-867; 
Prentice, A., Cole, T.J., Whitehead, R.G., Impaired growth in infants born to mothers of very high parity (1987) Hum. Nutr. Clin. Nutr., 41, pp. 319-325; 
Cooper, J., Jones, C., Estimates of the numbers of first, second, third, and higher order births (1992) Popul. Rends., 70, pp. 8-14; 
Ong, K.K., Ahmed, M.L., Emmett, P.M., Preece, M.A., Dunger, D.B., Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: Prospective cohort study (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 967-971; 
Teranishi, H., Nakagawa, H., Marmot, M., Social class difference in catch up growth in a national British cohort (2001) Arch. Dis. Child, 84, pp. 218-221; 
Martin, R.M., Smith, G.D., Mangtani, P., Frankel, S., Gunnell, D., Association between breast feeding and growth: The Boyd-Orr cohort study (2002) Arch. Dis. Child (Fetal Neonatal Ed.), 87, pp. F193-F201; 
Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Breast feeding and child development at five years (1984) Dev. Med. Child Neurol., 26, pp. 73-80; 
Montgomery, S.M., Bartley, M.J., Wilkinson, R.G., Family conflict and slow growth (1997) Arch. Dis. Child, 77, pp. 326-330; 
Cernerud, L., Differences in height between socially more and less privileged 10 year old Stockholm children born in 1933-1963 (1992) Scand. J. Soc. Med., 20, pp. 5-10; 
Bielicki, T., Malina, R.M., Waliszko, H., Monitoring the dynamic of social stratification: Statural variation among Polish conscripts in 1976 and 1986 (1992) Am. J. Hum. Biol., 4, pp. 345-352
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-12344267888&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyh325&partnerID=40&md5=ac3c015a97f2ebeae1d7893de5ebea79
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Lack of change in birthweights of infants by generational status among Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Black Caribbean, and Black African mothers in a British cohort study
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Int. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 33
IS  - 6
SP  - 1279
EP  - 1285
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1093/ije/dyh186
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Harding, S.
AU  - Rosato, M.G.
AU  - Cruickshank, J.K.
AD  - MRC Social/Public Hlth. Science Unit, University of Glasgow, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, United Kingdom
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, Queens University, Belfast BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom
AD  - Clinical Epidemiology Group, Unit of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, University of Manchester Med. School, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
AB  - Aim. To test the hypothesis that an intergenerational increase would occur in birthweights of babies born to UK-born compared with overseas-born (migrant) minority women. Method. Live singleton births to mothers present at the 1991 Census in a national longitudinal study were classified by mother's country of birth and ethnic origin as reported in the census. During 1983-2000, 52 554 White, 1788 Indian, 1538 Pakistani, 995 Bangladeshi, 300 Black Caribbean, and 299 Black African live singleton births were identified. Mean birthweights were adjusted for maternal age, socio-economic circumstances, gender, year of birth, and birth order. Results. Adjusted mean birthweights were: 3400 g (95% CI: 3395, 3405) for infants of UK-born White mothers; 3033 g (95% CI: 2980, 3087) of UK-born Indian mothers and 3066 g (95% CI: 3034, 3097) of migrant Indian mothers; 3110 g (95% CI: 3049, 3172) of UK-born Pakistani mothers and 3123 g (95% CI: 3087, 3159) of migrant Pakistani mothers; 3026 g (95% CI: 2922, 3130) of UK-born Bangladeshi mothers and 3110 g (95% CI: 3076, 3145) of migrant Bangladeshi mothers; 3268 g (95% CI: 3177, 3359) of UK-born Black Caribbean mothers and 3238 g (95% CI: 3089, 3388) of migrant Black Caribbean mothers; and 3167 g (95% CI: 3004, 3330) of UK-born Black African mothers and 3302 g (95% CI: 3208, 3395) of migrant Black African mothers. The proportions of low birthweight infants (< 2500 g), generally greater among migrant mothers than White UK-born mothers, were similar by generational status within the ethnic groups. Conclusion. There are no significant differences in mean birthweights of infants by generational status among mothers from these main ethnic minority groups in the UK. © International Epidemiological Association 2004; all rights reserved.
KW  - Birthweights
KW  - Ethnicity
KW  - Generational status
KW  - ethnic minority
KW  - African Caribbean
KW  - article
KW  - Bangladesh
KW  - birth order
KW  - birth weight
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - confidence interval
KW  - controlled study
KW  - ethnic difference
KW  - ethnic group
KW  - gender
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - human
KW  - hypothesis
KW  - Indian
KW  - infant
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - low birth weight
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - maternal age
KW  - migration
KW  - Negro
KW  - Pakistan
KW  - priority journal
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Africa
KW  - African Continental Ancestry Group
KW  - Bangladesh
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Caribbean Region
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Ethnic Groups
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - India
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Pakistan
KW  - Transients and Migrants
N1  - Cited By :54
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJEPB
C2  - 15155695
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Harding, S.; MRC Social/Public Hlth. Science Unit, University of Glasgow, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, United Kingdom; email: seeromanie@msoc.mrc.gla.ac.uk
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Birth Statistics (2000) Review of the Registrar General on Births and Patterns of Family Building in England and Wales, , Series FM1 no. 29. London: Office for National Statistics; 
Mortality Statistics: Childhood, infant and perinatal, England and Wales (2002) Review of the Registrar General on Deaths in England and Wales, 2000, , Series DH3, No 33. London: The Stationary Office; 
Pallotto, E.K., Collins, J.W., David, R., Enigma of maternal race and infant birth weight: A population-based study of US-born Black & Caribbean-born Black women (2000) Am. J. Epidemiol., 151, pp. 1080-1085; 
Riste, L., Farida Khan, F., Cruickshank, J.K., High Diabetes prevalence in all ethnic groups including Europeans in a British inner city: Poverty, history, inactivity or 21st century Europe? (2001) Diabetes Care, 24, pp. 1377-1383; 
Cruickshank, J.K., Mbanya, J.C., Wilks, R., Hypertension in four African-origin populations: Current 'Rule of Halves', quality of blood pressure control and attributable risk (fraction) for cardiovascular disease (2001) J. Hypertension, 19, pp. 41-46; 
Huxley, R., Neil, A., Collins, R., Unravelling the fetal origins hypothesis: Is there really an inverse association between birthweight and subsequent blood pressure? (2002) Lancet, 360, p. 659; 
Erikson, J.G., Forsen, T., Correspondence - Unravelling the fetal origins hypothesis (2003) Lancet, 360, p. 2072; 
Cruickshank, J.K., Beith, C., Koudsi, A., Correspondence - Unravelling the fetal origins hypothesis (2003) Lancet, 360, pp. 2073-2074; 
Draper, E.S., Abrams, K.R., Clarke, M., Fall in birth weight of third generation Asian infants (1995) BMJ, 311, p. 876; 
Dhawan, S., Birth weights of infants of first generation Asian women in Britain compared with second generation Asian women (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 86-88; 
Margetts, B.M., Mohd Yusaf, S., Al Dallal, Z., Jackson, A.A., Persistence of low birthweight in second generation South Asian babies born in the United Kingdom (2002) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 56, pp. 684-687; 
Hattersley, L., Creeser, R., (1995) Longitudinal Study 1971-1991: History, Organisation and Quality of Data, , London: HMSO; 
Guendelman, S., English, P.B., Effect of United States residence on birth outcomes among Mexican immigrants: An exploratory study (1996) Am. J. Public Health, 86, pp. 303-305; 
Cabral, H., Fried, L.E., Levenson, S., Foreign-born and US-born Black women: Differences in health behaviors & birth outcomes (1990) Am. J. Public Health, 80, pp. 70-72; 
Fuentes-Afflick, E., Hessol, N., Peŕez-Stable, E.J., Maternal birthplace, ethnicity and low birth weight in California (1998) Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med., 152, pp. 1105-1112; 
Hummer, R.A., Beigler, M., De Turk, P.B., Race, ethnicity, nativity and infant mortality in the United States (1999) Social Forces, 77, pp. 1083-1118; 
Harding, S., Balarajan, R., Limiting long-term illness among Black Caribbeans, Black Africans, Indians, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis and Chinese born in the UK (2001) Ethnicity Health, 5, pp. 41-46; 
Nazroo, J.Y., (1997) The Health of Britain's Minorities, , London: Policy Studies Institute; 
National Institute for Ethnic Studies in Health and Social Policy (2000) Ethnic Differences in Drinking and Smoking, , London: Department of Health; 
Harding, S., Mortality of migrants from the Indian subcontinent to England and Wales: Effect of duration of residence (2003) Epidemiology, 14, pp. 287-292; 
Emmanuel, I., Filakti, H., Alberman, E., Evans, S.J.W., Intergenerational studies of human birth weight from the 1958 birth cohort. Evidence for a multigenerational effect (1992) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 99, pp. 67-74; 
Emanuel, I., Leisenring, W., Williams, M.A., The Washington State Intergenerational Study of Birth Outcomes: Methodology and some comparisons of maternal birthweight and infant birth weight and gestation in four ethnic groups (1999) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 13, pp. 352-371; 
Costa, D.L., Race and pregnancy outcomes in the twentieth century: A long-term comparison (2003), NBER Working Paper no.9593 (www.nber.org/confer/2003/daes03/costa.pdf)UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-12344308165&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyh186&partnerID=40&md5=ac25c0bf80916ba79884535904d95817
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Epidemiology of childhood fractures in Britain: A study using the general practice research database
T2  - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
J2  - J. Bone Miner. Res.
VL  - 19
IS  - 12
SP  - 1976
EP  - 1981
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1359/JBMR.040902
SN  - 08840431 (ISSN) 
AU  - Cooper, C.
AU  - Dennison, E.M.
AU  - Leufkens, H.G.M.
AU  - Bishop, N.
AU  - Van Staa, T.P.
AD  - MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
AD  - Academic Child Health, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
AD  - Division of Pharmacoepidemiology, Procter and Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Staines, United Kingdom
AD  - Procter and Gamble, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
AB  - A population-based British cohort study, including ∼6% of the population, was used to derive age- and sex-specific incidence rates of fractures during childhood. Fractures were more common among boys than girls, with peak incidences at 14 and 11 years of age, respectively. At childhood peak, incidence rates were only surpassed later in life at 85 years of age among women and never among men. Introduction: Fractures account for 25% of accidents and injuries in childhood; however, the descriptive epidemiology of childhood fractures remains uncertain. Materials and Methods: Age- and sex-specific incidence rates for fractures at various skeletal sites were derived from the General Practice Research Database (a population-based British cohort containing computerized medical records of ∼7,000,000 residents) between 1988 and 1998. Results: A total of 52,624 boys and 31,505 girls sustained one or more fractures over the follow-up period, for a rate of 133.1/10,000 person-years. Fractures were more common in boys (161.6/10,000 person-years) than girls (102.9/10,000 person-years). The most common fracture in both sexes was that of the radius/ulna (30%). Fracture incidence was greater among boys than girls at all ages, with the peak incidence at 14 years of age among boys and 11 years of age among girls. Marked geographic variation was observed in standardized fracture incidence, with significantly (p < 0.01) higher rates observed in Northern Ireland, Wales, and Scotland compared with southeast England. Conclusions: Fractures are a common problem in childhood, with around one-third of boys and girls sustaining at least one fracture before 17 years of age. Rates are higher among boys than girls, and male incidence rates peak later than those among females. At their childhood peak, the incidence of fractures (boys, 3%; girls, 1.5%) is only surpassed at 85 years of age among women and never among men. The most common site affected in both genders is the radius/ulna. Studies to clarify the pathogenesis of these fractures, emphasizing bone fragility, are now required. © 2004 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
KW  - Childhood
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Fracture
KW  - Osteoporosis
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - childhood injury
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - information retrieval
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - medical record
KW  - patient information
KW  - population research
KW  - radius fracture
KW  - sex difference
KW  - ulna fracture
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - data base
KW  - fracture
KW  - infant
KW  - middle aged
KW  - newborn
KW  - pathology
KW  - preschool child
KW  - radius
KW  - time
KW  - topography
KW  - ulna
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Databases
KW  - Female
KW  - Fractures, Bone
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Radius
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Topography, Medical
KW  - Ulna
N1  - Cited By :270
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JBMRE
C2  - 15537440
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Cooper, C.; MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; email: cc@mrc.soton.ac.uk
N1  - References: Landin, L.A., Fracture patterns in children (1983) Acta Orthop Scand Suppl, 54, pp. 1-109; 
Houshian, S., Mehdi, B., Larsen, M.S., The epidemiology of elbow fracture in children: Analysis of 355 fractures, with special reference to supracondylar humerus fractures (2001) J Orthop Science, 6, pp. 312-315; 
Hinton, R.Y., Lincoln, A., Crockett, M.M., Sponseller, P., Smith, G., Fractures of the femoral shaft in children. Incidence, mechanisms, and sociodemographic risk factors (1999) Patient Care Manage, 81, pp. 500-509; 
Walley, T., Mantgani, A., The UK general practice research database (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1097-1099; 
Jick, H., Jick, S.S., Derby, L.E., Validation of information recorded on general practitioner based computerised data resource in the United Kingdom (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 766-768; 
Van Staa, T.P., Abenhaim, L., The quality of information recorded on a UK database of primary care records: A study of hospitalization due to hypoglycaemia and other conditions (1994) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 3, pp. 15-21; 
Van Staa, T.P., Abehaim, L., Cooper, C., Begaud, B., Zhang, B., Leufkens, H.G.M., The use of a large pharmaco-epidemiological database to study exposure to oral corticosteroids and risk of fractures: Validation of study population and results (2000) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 9, pp. 359-366; 
Van Staa, T.P., Cooper, C., Leufkens, H.G.M., Bishop, N., Children and the risk of fractures caused by oral corticosteroids (2003) J Bone Miner Res, 18, pp. 913-918; 
Larsen, C.F., Brondum, V., Skov, O., Epidemiology of scaphoid fractures in Odense, Denmark (1992) Acta Orthop Scand, 63, pp. 216-218; 
Horak, J., Nilsson, B.E., Epidemiology of fracture of the upper end of the humerus (1975) Clin Orthop, 112, pp. 250-253; 
Jensen, S.L., Andresen, B.K., Mencke, S., Nielsen, P.T., Epidemiology of ankle fractures (1998) Acta Orthop Scand, 69, pp. 48-50; 
Emami, A., Mjoberg, B., Ragnarsson, B., Larsson, S., Changing epidemiology of tibial shaft fractures (1996) Acta Orthop Scand, 67, pp. 557-561; 
Tytherleigh-Strong, G., Walls, N., McQueen, M.M., The epidemiology of humeral shaft fractures (1998) J Bone Joint Surg Br, 80, pp. 249-253; 
Buhr, A.J., Cooke, A.M., Fracture patterns (1959) Lancet, 1, pp. 531-536; 
Jones, I.E., Taylor, R.W., Williams, S.M., Manning, P.J., Goulding, A., Four-year gain in bone mineral in girls with and without past forearm fractures: A DXA study. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (2002) J Bone Miner Res, 17, pp. 1065-1072; 
Landin, L., Nilsson, B.E., Bone mineral content in children with fractures (1983) Clin Orthop, 178, pp. 292-296; 
Rizzoli, R., Bonjour, J.-P., Ferrari, S.L., Osteoporosis, genetics and hormones (2001) J Mol Endocrinol, 26, pp. 79-94; 
Rockwood Jr., C.A., Wilkins, K.E., The present status of children's fractures (2001) Fractures in Children, 5th Ed., pp. 6-19. , Bealy JH, Kassem JR (eds.) Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, New York, NY, USA; 
Acheson, D., (1998) Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report, , The Stationery Office, London, UK; 
Khosla, S., Melton III, L.J., Dekutoski, M.B., Achenbach, S.J., Oberg, A.L., Riggs, D.L., Incidence of childhood distal forearm fractures over 30 years: A population-based study (2003) JAMA, 290, pp. 1479-1485
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21644455059&doi=10.1359%2fJBMR.040902&partnerID=40&md5=9bdf1663c4a99cf7a34cf595aed89cf9
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The worldwide epidemiology of Kawasaki disease
T2  - Progress in Pediatric Cardiology
J2  - Prog. Pediatr. Cardiol.
VL  - 19
IS  - 2 SPEC.ISS.
SP  - 99
EP  - 108
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2004.08.002
SN  - 10589813 (ISSN) 
AU  - Nakamura, Y.
AU  - Yanagawa, H.
AD  - Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical School, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Minamikawachi, T., Japan
AD  - Saitama Prefectural University, Japan, Japan
AB  - The academic papers concerning Kawasaki disease are reviewed in this article from an epidemiologic view point. In Japan, 17 nationwide surveys have been conducted every 2 years since 1970 and 186,069 patients have been registered. Age (the age-specific incidence rate expressed by a single-peak curve with the peak representing 9-11-month-old infants; 81.7% aged under 4 years) and sex (male/female ratio=1.4) distributions were revealed. Although no nationwide outbreak has been observed since the outbreak in 1986, the incidence rate has gradually increased over the last 16 years. The disease has been reported in more than 60 countries around the world and some countries have experienced epidemics in addition to Japan. Although several case-control studies showed suspected risk factors such as rug shampoo and living near a body of water, these have not been confirmed. Follow-up of persons with a history of the disease is now disclosing the long-term prognosis of the disease. The following five aspects of the epidemiology of Kawasaki disease are proposed: (1) continuing the nationwide surveys in Japan and other countries, (2) continuing the follow-up studies, (3) coping with an outbreak, (4) discussing a new etiologic theory with epidemiologic data and (5) descriptive epidemiology in countries other than Japan. © 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Case-control studies
KW  - Data collection
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Follow-up studies
KW  - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
KW  - age distribution
KW  - Australia
KW  - Barbados
KW  - China
KW  - Denmark
KW  - disease course
KW  - epidemic
KW  - epidemiological data
KW  - Finland
KW  - follow up
KW  - France
KW  - health survey
KW  - heart disease
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - Italy
KW  - Jamaica
KW  - Japan
KW  - Mexico
KW  - mortality
KW  - mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prognosis
KW  - recurrent disease
KW  - review
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - risk factor
KW  - Saudi Arabia
KW  - sex difference
KW  - Singapore
KW  - South Africa
KW  - Spain
KW  - Sweden
KW  - Taiwan
KW  - Thailand
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :20
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PPCAF
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical School, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Minamikawachi, T.Japan; email: nakamuyk@jichi.ac.jp
N1  - References: Yanagawa Nakamura Yashiro, M.Y.H., Kawasaki, T., (2004) Epidemiology of Kawasaki Disease: A 30-year Achievement, , Shindan-To-Chiryosha Tokyo; 
(1970) The diagnostic guidelines of Kawasaki disease, , Japanese Kawasaki Disease Research Committee 1st ed; 
Yanagawa, H., Sonobe, T., Changes in the diagnostic guidelines for Kawasaki disease (2004) Epidemiology of Kawasaki Disease: A 30-year Achievement, pp. 24-32. , H. Yanagawa Y. Nakamura M. Yashiro T. Kawasaki Shindan-To-Chiryosha Tokyo; 
Yashiro, M., Nakamura, Y., Yanagawa, H., Changes in the age specific incidence rates of Kawasaki disease in patients reported to the 15th nationwide survey. Nippon Shonika Gakkai Zasshi (2001) J. Jpn. Pediatr. Soc., 105, pp. 437-441; 
Nakamura, Y., Epidemiology of Kawasaki disease. Shoni Kango (2001) Jpn. J. Child Nurs. Month., 24, pp. 201-206; 
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Jiao, F., Yang, L., Li, Y., Qiao, J., Guo, X., Zhang, T., Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of Kawasaki disease in Shaanxi Province, China, 1993-1997 (2001) J. Trop. Pediatr., 47, pp. 54-56; 
Wang, D., Hu, B., Wang, F., Zhang, T., Kawasaki, T., Yanagawa, H., Study on the epidemiological features of Kawasaki disease in Jiangsu. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi (2000) Chin. J. Epidemiol., 21, pp. 94-96; 
Hsiao, Y.J., Chen, R.N., Huang, Y.F., Kao, A.H., Sung, C.T., Clinical analysis of Kawasaki disease in infants below 6 months of age (1988) Acta Paediatr. Sin., 29, pp. 318-323; 
Lee, W.B., Tay, H.S.J., Yip, L.C.W., Yap, K.H., Chan, Y.K., Low, P.S., Kawasaki syndrome in Chinese children (1989) Ann. Trop. Paediatr., 9, pp. 147-151; 
Ng, P.M., Wong, Y.K., Tan, L.C., Tan, W.K., Kawasaki disease: The Singapore experience (1989) Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore, 18, pp. 15-18; 
Thisyakorn, C., Thisyakorn, U., Kawasaki disease in Thai children (1995) Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 14, pp. 324-326; 
Smith, K.P., Goldwater, N.P., Kawasaki disease in Adelaide: A review (1993) J. Paediatr. Child Health, 29, pp. 126-131; 
Royle, J.A., Williams, K., Elliott, E., Sholler, G., Nolan, T., Allen, R., Kawasaki disease in Australia, 1993-95 (1998) Arch. Dis. Child., 78, pp. 33-39; 
Williams, K., Elliott, E., Role of the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit in monitoring communicable diseases of childhood (1998) Commun. Dis. Intell., 22, pp. 283-287; 
Gentles, L.T., Clarkson, M.P., Trenholme, A.A., Lennon, R.D., Neutze, M.J., Kawasaki disease in Auckland, 1979-1988 (1990) N. Z. Med. J., 103, pp. 389-391; 
Ghazal, S.S., Alhowasi, M., El Samady, M.M., Kawasaki disease in a paediatric hospital in Riyadh (1999) Ann. Trop. Paediatr., 18, pp. 295-299; 
Kibel, A.M., Kawasaki disease (1988) S. Afr. Med. J., 73, pp. 617-618; 
Pelteret, M.R., Kawasaki disease: A review of 21 cases in childhood (1988) South. Afr. J. Epidemiol. Infect., 3 (3), pp. 6-8; 
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Hall, M.S., Glickman, M., Report from the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit (1988) Arch. Dis. Child., 63, pp. 1117-1118; 
Hall, M.S., Surveillance of Kawasaki disease in the British Isles (1989) Arch. Dis. Child., 64, pp. 121-128; 
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Lynn, R., Hall, M.S., The British Paediatric Surveillance Unit: Activities and developments in 1990 and 1991 (1992) Commun. Dis. Rep. CDR Rev., 2, pp. R145-R148; 
Tizard, J.E., Suzuki, A., Levin, M., Dillon, K.M., Clinical aspects of 100 patients with Kawasaki disease (1991) Arch. Dis. Child., 66, pp. 185-188; 
Casey, F., Craig, B., Shanks, D., Jackson, P., Mulholland, C.H., Kawasaki disease: The Northern Ireland experience (1993) Ir. J. Med. Sci., 162, pp. 397-400; 
Chantepie, A., Mauran, P., Lusson, R.J., Vaillant, C.M., Bozio, A., Complications cardiovasculaires du syndrome de Kawasaki: Resultats d'une enquete cardiopediatrique multicentrique francaise (2001) Arch. Pediatr., 8, pp. 713-719; 
Gonzalez Pascual, E., Villanueva Lamas, J., Ros Viladoms, J., Pons Odena, M., Ruiz Garcia-Diego, S., Enfermedad de Kawasaki. Presentacion de cincuenta casos (1999) An. Esp. Pediatr., 50, pp. 39-43; 
Grech, V., Incidence and outcome of Kawasaki disease in Malta (1999) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 455, pp. 69-72; 
Bulow, S.L.M., Stender Hansen, U., Hansen, D., Karup Pedersen, F., Herlin, T., Ramsoe Jacobsen, J., Kawasaki's sygdom. Forekomst i Danmark i perioden 1981-1990 (1994) Ugeskr. Laeger, 156, pp. 4813-4816; 
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Rauch, M.A., Kaplan, L.S., Nihill, R.M., Pappas, G.P., Hurwitz, S.E., Schonberger, B.L., Kawasaki syndrome clusters in Harris County, Texas, and eastern North Carolina: A high endemic rate and a new environmental risk factor (1988) Am. J. Dis. Child., 142, pp. 441-444; 
Rauch, A.M., Glode, M.P., Wiggins Jr., J.W., Rodriguez, J.G., Hopkins, R.S., Hurwitz, E.S., Outbreak of Kawasaki syndrome in Denver, Colorado: Association with rug and carpet cleaning (1991) Pediatrics, 87, pp. 663-669; 
Ichida, F., Fatica, N., O'Loughlin, J.E., Klein, A.A., Snyger, M.S., Levin, A.R., Epidemiologic aspects of Kawasaki disease in a Manhattan hospital (1989) Pediatrics, 84, pp. 235-241; 
Windsor, B.M.A., Schell, L.W., Davis, P.J., Kawasaki syndrome in Wisconsin (1991) Wis. Med. J., 90, pp. 227-231; 
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Taubert, A.K., Rowley, H.A., Shulman, T.S., Nationwide survey of Kawasaki disease and acute rheumatic fever (1991) J. Pediatr., 119, pp. 279-282; 
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Holman, C.R., Belay, D.E., Clarke, J.M., Kaufman, F.S., Schonberger, B.L., Kawasaki syndrome among American Indian and Alaska Native children, 1980 through 1995 (1999) Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 18, pp. 451-455; 
Moss, W.K., Kawasaki disease. Kawasaki disease? (2000) Alaska Med., 42 (2), pp. 30-36; 
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Belay, E.D., Holman, R.C., Clarke, M.J., Destefano, F., Shahriari, A., Davis, R.L., The incidence of Kawasaki syndrome in West Coast health maintenance organizations (2000) Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 19, pp. 828-832; 
Holman, C.R., Shahriari, A., Effler, V.P., Belay, D.E., Shonberger, B.L., Kawasaki syndrome hospitalizations among children in Hawaii and Connecticut (2000) Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med., 154, pp. 804-808; 
Vizcaino-Alarcon, A., Arevalo-Salas, A., Rodriguez-Lopez, A.M., Sadowinski-Pine, S., Enfermedad de Kawasaki en ninos mexixanos (1991) Bol. Med. Hosp. Infant. Mex., 48, pp. 398-408; 
Pierre, R., Sue-Ho, R., Watson, D., Kawasaki syndrome in Jamaica (2000) Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 19, pp. 539-543; 
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Burns, J.C., Mason, W.H., Glode, M.P., Shulman, S.T., Melish, M.E., Meissner, C., Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of patients referred for evaluation of possible Kawasaki disease (1991) J. Pediatr., 118, pp. 680-686; 
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Brosius, L.C., Newburger, W.J., Burns, C.J., Hojnowski-Diaz, P., Zierler, S., Leung, M.Y.D., Increased prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Kawasaki disease (1988) Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 7, pp. 863-866; 
Silva, A.E.E., Maeno, Y., Hashmi, A., Smallborn, F.J., Silverman, D.E., McCrindle, B.W., Cardiovascular risk factors after Kawasaki disease: A case-control study (2001) J. Pediatr., 138, pp. 400-405; 
Oki, I., Tanihara, S., Ojima, T., Nakamura, Y., Yanagawa, H., A multicenter collaborative study on the risk factors of cardiac sequelae due to Kawasaki disease: A one-year follow-up study (2000) Acta Paediatr., 89, pp. 1435-1438; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-8444243637&doi=10.1016%2fj.ppedcard.2004.08.002&partnerID=40&md5=57eda10ad70c9a3eb22ad890ae6a929b
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Schooling, socioeconomic context and literacy development
T2  - Educational Psychology
J2  - Educ. Psychol.
VL  - 24
IS  - 6
SP  - 867
EP  - 883
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1080/0144341042000271746
SN  - 01443410 (ISSN) 
AU  - D'Angiulli, A.
AU  - Siegel, L.S.
AU  - Hertzman, C.
AD  - University College of the Cariboo, Kamloops, BC, Canada
AD  - University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
AD  - Research Centre, University College of Cariboo, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 5N3, Canada
AB  - This longitudinal study examined the relationship between schooling, literacy development, and socioeconomic context, as reflected by a composite measure of socioeconomic status (SES). Reading, spelling, and phonological abilities were assessed from kindergarten to grade three in Canadian children in a school district with intensive literacy activities. In kindergarten, there were significant associations between SES and all the abilities assessed but these associations declined systematically to non-significant levels by grade three. Risk and prevalence of reading failure also decreased with more schooling. The results suggest that the attenuation of the association between SES and literacy-related skills, and the progressive reduction of the risk for reading failure, were positive outcomes associated with the literacy school program, especially in the early grades.
N1  - Cited By :29
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: D'Angiulli, A.; Research Centre, University College of Cariboo, 900 McGill Road, Kamloops, BC V2C 5N3, Canada; email: adangiulli@cariboo.bc.ca
N1  - Funding text: We thank the students, principals, staff, and teachers of North Vancouver School District, Robin Brayne, Mike Rockwell, Penny King, Jason Curteis, and Baragar Demographics. We thank the Human Early Learning Partnership, Sidney McLean, and Stefania Maggi. We thank Dafna Kohen and Jim Dunn for comments on earlier drafts. We acknowledge funding from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council to L. S. Siegel, and from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, the Killam Trust, and H.E.L.P. to A. D'Angiulli.
N1  - References: Blachman, B.A., Tangel, D.M., Ball, E.W., Black, R., McGraw, C.K., Developing phonological awareness and word recognition skills: A two-year intervention with low-income, inner-city children (1999) Reading and Writing, 11, pp. 239-273; 
Bradley, R.H., Corwyn, R.F., Socioeconomic status and child development (2002) Annual Review of Psychology, 53, pp. 371-399; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-8644235992&doi=10.1080%2f0144341042000271746&partnerID=40&md5=f6bd3dc3c9466a4e0ab4c9752a5055ad
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
TI  - Ground penetrating radar and its use in forest road stability analysis
C3  - Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR 2004
J2  - Proc. Tenth Int. Conf. Ground Penetrating Radar GPR
VL  - 2
SP  - 639
EP  - 642
PY  - 2004
SN  - 9090179593 (ISBN)
AU  - Ékes, C.
AU  - Friele, P.
AD  - Terraprobe Geoscience Corp., 5210 Sunningdale Rd, Burnaby, BC V5B 1M5, Canada
AD  - Baumann Engineering, Box 612, Squamish, BC VON 3G0, Canada
AB  - Two case studies are presented where GPR was used as the chief investigative tool to understand the underlying cause for road failures as they relate to fill slope stability in the Coast Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. 1. Bridge River Road: GPR was applied to map the depth of volcanic ash under a 800 m long section of the Bridge River forest service road (FSR) built in 1984. Both 50 and 100 MHz antennae reached sufficient depth penetration (8 and 16 m respectively) and provided good data quality. The thickness of the overlying volcanic ash was noted by a horizontally continuous reflection pattern. The results indicated a variable thickness of ash over rocky colluvium. Comparing interpreted ash thickness with landslide locations and available geological information it was apparent that ash thickness alone was not necessarily the cause of the landslides. Steep slopes, excessive side-cast and undercutting due to wave action at the base of the fill slope all appeared to contribute to instability. GPR data, once confirmed through drilling was successfully used to find the appropriate engineering solution. 2. Zeballos Canyon Road: GPR was used to delineate the contact between the road fill and the underlying bench on a section of the Zeballos Canyon FSR built in 1970. Recent fill slope failures suggested the potential for more extensive instability. The purpose of the study was to assess the extent of benching in the road prism and the thickness of fill material along a 1570 m long section of the road using GPR and field observations. Two profiles along the alignment and 53 cross sections were surveyed at 30 meter intervals with 100 MHz antennae. Radar interpretation was based on identifying characteristic reflection patterns. Bedrock depth was interpreted based on identifying. 1) a hyperbolic and 2) a strong, discontinuous, surface parallel reflection pattern. By comparing the GPR profiles with detailed topographic cross-sections, we were able to make specific recommendations for follow up work. The effective use of GPR requires an interdisciplinary approach, combining geophysics, terrain analysis, and road engineering. Bringing these skill sets together, these case studies demonstrate that GPR is an efficient, non-destructive and cost effective tool in characterising the nature of slope stability problems as they relate to road construction in the forestry geotechnical sector.
KW  - Forestry geotechnical sector
KW  - Ground penetrating radar (GPR)
KW  - Road construction
KW  - Slope stability
KW  - Bridges
KW  - Geophysics
KW  - Landslides
KW  - Maps
KW  - Rivers
KW  - Road construction
KW  - Slope stability
KW  - Forest geotechnical sector
KW  - Forest service road (FSR)
KW  - Geological information
KW  - Slope reconstruction
KW  - Ground penetrating radar systems
A2  - Slob E.
A2  - Yarovoy A.
A2  - Rhebergen J.B.
T2  - Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR 2004
Y2  - 21 June 2004 through 24 June 2004
CY  - Delft
N1  - Conference code: 64540
N1  - Cited By :4
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Conference Paper
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Ékes, C.; Terraprobe Geoscience Corp., 5210 Sunningdale Rd, Burnaby, BC V5B 1M5, Canada; email: gpr@terraprobe.com
N1  - References: Ryder, J.M., Geomorphology of the southern part of the Coast mountains of British Columbia (1981) Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie N.F. Supplementband, 37, pp. 120-147; 
Martin, Y., Rood, K., Schwab, J.W., Church, M., Sediment transfer by shallow landsliding in the Queen charlotte Islands, British Columbia (2002) Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 39, pp. 189-205; 
Jakob, M., The impacts of logging on landslide activity at clayoquot sound (2000) Catena, 38, pp. 279-300. , British Columbia; 
Guthrie, R.H., The effects of logging on frequency and distribution of landslides in three watersheds on Vancouver Island (2002) Geomorphology, 43, pp. 273-292
A4  - TNO-FEL, The Netherlands; Geophysical Survey Systems, Inc., USA; 3D Radar-AS, Norway; Allied Associates, UK; Ingegneria dei Sistemi-SPA, Italy
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-16244417832&partnerID=40&md5=4421847e3db3fab590d4731c11919b60
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Evidence from data searches and life-table analyses for gender-related differences in absolute risk of hip fracture after Colles' or spine fracture: Colles' fracture as an early and sensitive marker of skeletal fragility in white men
T2  - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
J2  - J. Bone Miner. Res.
VL  - 19
IS  - 12
SP  - 1933
EP  - 1944
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1359/JBMR.040917
SN  - 08840431 (ISSN) 
AU  - Haentjens, P.
AU  - Johnell, O.
AU  - Kanis, J.A.
AU  - Bouillon, R.
AU  - Cooper, C.
AU  - Lamraski, G.
AU  - Vanderschueren, D.
AU  - Kaufman, J.-M.
AU  - Boonen, S.
AD  - Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
AD  - Malmö Hospital, University of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
AD  - WHO Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
AD  - Leuven University, Division of Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
AD  - Leuven University Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
AD  - MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
AD  - Unit for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
AD  - Division of Geriatric Medicine, Leuven University, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
AD  - Leuven University Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
AB  - Based on data searches and life-table analyses, we determined the long-term (remaining lifetime) and short-term (10- and 5-year) absolute risks of hip fracture after sustaining a Colles' or spine fracture and searched for potential gender-related differences. In aging men, Colles' fractures carry a higher absolute risk for hip fracture than spinal fractures in contrast to women. These findings support the concept that forearm fracture is an early and sensitive marker of male skeletal fragility. Introduction: Colles' fracture occurrence has been largely ignored in public health approaches to identify target populations at risk for hip fracture. The aim of this study was to estimate the long-term and short-term absolute risks of hip fracture after sustaining a Colles' or spine fracture and to search for potential gender-related differences in the relationship between fracture history and future fracture risk. Materials and Methods: To determine the long-term (remaining lifetime) and short-term (10- and 5-year) absolute risks of hip fracture, we applied life-table methods using U.S. age- and sex-specific hip fracture incidence rates, U.S. age-specific mortality rates for white women and men, pooled hazard ratios for mortality after Colles' and spine fracture, and pooled relative risks for hip fracture after Colles' and spine fracture, estimated from cohort studies by standard meta-analytic methods. Results: Our results indicate that the estimated remaining lifetime risks are dependent on age in both genders. In women, remaining lifetime risks increase until the age of 80 years, when they start to decline because of the competing probabilities of fracture and death. The same pattern is found in men until the age of 85 years, the increment in lifetime risk being even more pronounced. As expected, the risk of sustaining a hip fracture was found to be higher in postmenopausal women with a previous spine fracture compared with those with a history of Colles' fracture. In men, on the other hand, the prospective association between fracture history and subsequent hip fracture risk seemed to be strongest for Colles' fracture. At the age of 50, for example, the remaining lifetime risk was 13% in women with a previous Colles' fracture compared with 15% in the context of a previous spine fracture and 9% among women of the general population. In men at the age of 50 years, the corresponding risk estimates were 8%, 6%, and 3%, respectively. Similar trends were observed when calculating 5- and 10-year risks. Conclusions: In aging men, Colles' fractures carry a higher absolute risk for hip fracture than spinal fractures in contrast to women. These findings support the concept that forearm fracture is an early and sensitive marker of male skeletal fragility. The gender-related differences reported in this analysis should be taken into account when designing screening and treatment strategies for prevention of hip fracture in men. © 2004 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
KW  - Absolute risk
KW  - Colles' fracture
KW  - Hip fracture
KW  - Spine fracture
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - Colles fracture
KW  - controlled study
KW  - disease marker
KW  - early diagnosis
KW  - female
KW  - fragility fracture
KW  - health survey
KW  - hip fracture
KW  - human
KW  - life table
KW  - lifespan
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - postmenopause
KW  - postmenopause osteoporosis
KW  - probability
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - risk factor
KW  - sample size
KW  - screening test
KW  - sex difference
KW  - spine fracture
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - aging
KW  - bone
KW  - Colles fracture
KW  - hip fracture
KW  - life table
KW  - middle aged
KW  - osteoporosis
KW  - pathology
KW  - risk
KW  - sex difference
KW  - spine fracture
KW  - time
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Aging
KW  - Bone and Bones
KW  - Colles' Fracture
KW  - Female
KW  - Hip Fractures
KW  - Humans
KW  - Life Tables
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Osteoporosis
KW  - Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
KW  - Risk
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Spinal Fractures
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :59
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JBMRE
C2  - 15537435
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Boonen, S.; Leuven University Center for Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen K.U. Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven B-3000, Belgium; email: steven.boonen@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-21644473494&doi=10.1359%2fJBMR.040917&partnerID=40&md5=6a2f717be6f29370718ab5cd979835ee
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Function and quality-of-life of survivors of pelvic and lower extremity osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma: The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
T2  - British Journal of Cancer
J2  - Br. J. Cancer
VL  - 91
IS  - 11
SP  - 1858
EP  - 1865
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602220
SN  - 00070920 (ISSN) 
AU  - Nagarajan, R.
AU  - Clohisy, D.R.
AU  - Neglia, J.P.
AU  - Yasui, Y.
AU  - Mitby, P.A.
AU  - Sklar, C.
AU  - Finklestein, J.Z.
AU  - Greenberg, M.
AU  - Reaman, G.H.
AU  - Zeltzer, L.
AU  - Robison, L.L.
AD  - Div. Pediat. Epidemiol./Clin. Res., Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St, SE Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
AD  - Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware St., SE Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
AD  - Div. Hematol./Oncol./Blood/Marrow T., Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St, SE Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
AD  - Cancer Prevention Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Res. Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N., Seattle, WA 98109, United States
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Mem. Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021, United States
AD  - Dept. of Pediat. Hematology/Oncology, J. J. Children Cancers Cancer Ctr., 2653 Elm Ave, Long Beach, CA 90806, United States
AD  - Department of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, Ont. M5G1X8, Canada
AD  - Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20010, United States
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Univ. of California at Los Angels, #22-464 MDCC, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
AB  - Limb-sparing surgeries have been performed more frequently than amputation based on the belief that limb-sparing surgeries provide improved function and quality-of-life (QOL). However, this has not been extensively studied in the paediatric population, which has unique characteristics that have implications for function and QOL. Using the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, 528 adult long-term survivors of pediatric lower extremity bone tumours, diagnosed between 1970 and 1986, were contacted and completed questionnaries assessing function and QOL. Survivors were an average of 21 years from diagnosis with an average age of 35 years. Overall they reported excellent function and QOL Compared to those who had a limb-sparing procedure, amputees were not more likely to have lower function and QOL scores and self-perception of disability included general health status, lower educational attainment, older age and female gender. Findings from this study suggest that, over time, amputees do as well as those who underwent limb-sparing surgeries between 1970 and 1986. However, female gender, lower educational attainment and older current age appear to influence function, QOL and disability. © 2004 Cancer Research UK.
KW  - Bone tumour
KW  - Ewing's sarcoma
KW  - Function
KW  - Lower extremity
KW  - Osteosarcoma
KW  - Quality of life
KW  - adult
KW  - amputation
KW  - arthrodesis
KW  - article
KW  - bone tumor
KW  - cancer survival
KW  - childhood cancer
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - endoprosthesis
KW  - Ewing sarcoma
KW  - female
KW  - femur
KW  - functional assessment
KW  - health status
KW  - human
KW  - limb salvage
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - osteosarcoma
KW  - pelvis cancer
KW  - physical disability
KW  - priority journal
KW  - quality of life
KW  - Quality of Life for Cancer Survivors
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - rating scale
KW  - scoring system
KW  - self evaluation
KW  - tibia
KW  - Toronto Extremity Salvage Score
KW  - treatment outcome
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Amputees
KW  - Bone Neoplasms
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Education
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Lower Extremity
KW  - Male
KW  - Osteosarcoma
KW  - Pelvis
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Sarcoma, Ewing's
KW  - Survivors
N1  - Cited By :93
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJCAA
C2  - 15534610
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Nagarajan, R.; Div. Pediat. Epidemiol./Clin. Res., Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St, SE Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; email: nagar003@umn.edu
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-19944428054&doi=10.1038%2fsj.bjc.6602220&partnerID=40&md5=4388ea598acfb37720f8ec9788069817
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Historical measures of social context in life course studies: Retrospective linkage of addresses to decennial censuses
T2  - International Journal of Health Geographics
J2  - Int. J. Health Geogr.
VL  - 3
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1186/1476-072X-3-27
SN  - 1476072X (ISSN) 
AU  - Rose, K.M.
AU  - Wood, J.L.
AU  - Knowles, S.
AU  - Pollitt, R.A.
AU  - Whitsel, E.A.
AU  - Diez Roux, A.V.
AU  - Yoon, D.
AU  - Heiss, G.
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
AD  - Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
AD  - The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
AD  - Dept. of City and Regional Planning, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
AB  - Background: There is evidence of a contribution of early life socioeconomic exposures to the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood. However, extant studies investigating the impact of the neighborhood social environment on health tend to characterize only the current social environment. This in part may be due to complexities involved in obtaining and geocoding historical addresses. The Life Course Socioeconomic Status, Social Context, and Cardiovascular Disease Study collected information on childhood (1930-1950) and early adulthood (1960-1980) place of residence from 12,681 black and white middle-aged and older men and women from four U.S. communities to link participants with census-based socioeconomic indicators over the life course. Results: Most (99%) participants were linked to 1930-50 county level socioeconomic census data (the smallest level of aggregation universally available during this time period) corresponding to childhood place of residence. Linkage did not vary by race, gender, birth cohort, or level of educational attainment. A commercial geocoding vendor processed participants' self-reported street addresses for ages 30, 40, and 50. For 1970 and 1980 censuses, spatial coordinates were overlaid onto shape files containing census tract boundaries; for 1960 no shape files existed and comparability files were used. Several methods were tested for accuracy and to increase linkage. Successful linkage to historical census tracts varied by census (66% for 1960, 76% for 1970, 85% for 1980). This compares to linkage rates of 94% for current addresses provided by participants over the course of the ARIC examinations. Conclusion: There are complexities and limitations in characterizing the past social context. However, our results suggest that it is feasible to characterize the earlier social environment with known levels of measurement error and that such an approach should be considered in future studies. © 2004 Rose et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
N1  - Cited By :13
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C7  - 27
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Rose, K.M.; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; email: kathryn-rose@unc.edu
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Diez-Roux, A.V., Nieto, F.J., Muntaner, C., Tyroler, H.A., Comstock, G.W., Shahar, E., Cooper, L.S., Szklo, M., Neighborhood environments and coronary heart disease: A multilevel analysis (1997) Am. J. Epidemiol., 146, pp. 48-63; 
LeClere, F.B., Rogers, R.G., Peters, K., Neighborhood social context and racial differences in women's heart disease mortality (1998) J. Health Soc. Behav., 39, pp. 91-107; 
Van Lenthe, F.J., Mackenbach, J.P., Neighbourhood deprivation and overweight: The GLOBE study (2002) Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord., 26, pp. 234-240; 
Ostir, G.V., Eschbach, K., Markides, K.S., Goodwin, J.S., Neighbourhood composition and depressive symptoms among older Mexican Americans (2003) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 57, pp. 987-992; 
Krieger, N., Waterman, P.D., Chen, J.T., Soobader, M.J., Subramanian, S.V., Monitoring socioeconomic inequalities in sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, and violence: Geocoding and choice of area-based socioeconomic measures - The public health disparities geocoding project (US) (2003) Public Health Rep., 118, pp. 240-260; 
Hart, C.L., Smith, G.D., Blane, D., Inequalities in mortality by social class measured at stages of the lifecourse (1998) Am. J. Public Health, 88, pp. 471-474; 
Wamala, S.P., Lynch, J., Kaplan, G.A., Women's exposure to early and later life socioeconomic disadvantage and coronary heart disease risk: The Stockholm Female Coronary Risk Study (2001) Int. J. Epidemiol., 30, pp. 275-284; 
Marmot, M., Shipley, M., Brunner, E., Hemingway, H., Relative contribution of early life and adult socioeconomic factors to adult morbidity in the Whitehall II study (2001) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 55, pp. 301-307; 
Bonner, M.R., Han, D., Nie, J., Rogerson, P., Vena, J.E., Freudenheim, J.L., Positional accuracy of geocoded addresses in epidemiologic research (2003) Epidemiology, 14, pp. 408-412; 
Cayo, M.R., Talbot, T.O., Positional error in automated geocoding of residential addresses (2003) Int. J. Health Geographics, 19, p. 10; 
Krieger, N., Waterman, P., Lemieux, K., Zierler, S., Hogan, J.W., On the wrong side of the tracts? Evaluating the accuracy of geocoding in public health research (2001) Am. J. Public Health, 91, pp. 1114-1116; 
Whitsel, E.A., Rose, K.M., Wood, J.L., Henley, A.C., Liao, D., Heiss, G., Accuracy and repeatability of commercial geocoding in the Life Course Socioeconomic Status, Social Context and Cardiovascular Disease study (2004) Am. J. Epidemiol., 160, pp. 1023-1029; 
McElroy, J.A., Remington, P.L., Trenthan-Dietz, A., Robert, S.A., Newcomb, P.A., Geocoding addresses from a large population-based study: Lessons learned (2003) Epidemiology, 14, pp. 399-407; 
Life Course Socioeconomic Status, Social Context and Cardiovascular Disease (LC-SES) Study: Manual of Procedures, , http://www.lifecourseepi.info/lifecourse2/forms/MOP3904_web.pdf; 
http://www.naco.org, National Association of Counties; Giele, J.Z., Elder, G.H., Life course research: Development of a field (1998) Methods of Life Course Research: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, pp. 5-27. , Edited by: Giele JZ, Elder GH. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications; 
Elder, G.H., George, L.K., Shanahan, M.J., Psychosocial stress over the life course (1996) Psychosocial Stress: Perspectives on Structure, Theory, Life Course, and Methods, pp. 247-292. , Edited by: Kaplan HB. Orlando: Academic Press; 
Rothman, K.J., Greenland, S., (1998) Modern Epidemiology, , 2nd edition. Philapelphia, Pennsylvaina: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 
Berney, L.R., Blane, D.B., Collecting retrospective data: Accuracy of recall after 50 years judged against historical records (1997) Soc. Sci. Med., 45, pp. 1519-1525; 
Krieger, N., Chen, J.T., Waterman, P.D., Soobader, M.J., Subrmanian, S.V., Carson, R., Geocoding and monitoring of US socioeconomic inequalities in mortality and cancer incidence: Does the choice of area-based measure and geographic level matter?: The Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project (2002) Am. J. Epidemiol., 156, pp. 471-482; 
Soobader, M., LeClere, F.B., Hadden, W., Maury, B., Using aggregate geographic data to proxy individual socioeconomic status: Does size matter? (2001) Am. J. Public Health, 91, pp. 632-636; 
Geronimus, A.T., Bound, J., Use of census-based aggregate variables to proxy for socioeconomic group: Evidence from national samples (1998) Am. J. Epidemiol., 148, pp. 475-486; 
Muramatsu, N., County-level income inequality and depression among older Americans (2003) Health Serv. Res., 38, pp. 1863-1883; 
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Feldman, L., McMullan, C., Abernathy, T., Angina and socio-economic status in Ontario: How do characteristics of the county you live in influence your chance of developing heart disease? (2004) Can. J. Public. Health, 95, pp. 228-232; 
Yabroff, K.R., Gordis, L., Assessment of a national health interview survey-based method of measuring community socioeconomic status (2003) Ann. Epidemiol., 13, pp. 721-726; 
Karpati, A., Galea, S., Awerbuch, T., Levins, R., Variability and vulnerability at the ecological level: Implications for understanding the social determinants of health (2002) Am. J. Public Health, 92, pp. 1768-1772; 
Life Course Socioeconomic Status, Social Context and Cardiovascular Disease (LC-SES) Study, Census Tract SES http://www.lifecourseepi.info/lifecourse2/census/; The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: Design and objectives (1989) American Journal of Epidemiology, 129, pp. 687-702. , ARIC Investigators; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Impact of congenital colour vision deficiency on education and unintentional injuries: Findings from the 1958 British birth cohort
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - Br. Med. J.
VL  - 329
IS  - 7474
SP  - 1074
EP  - 1075
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1136/bmj.38176.685208.F7
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Cumberland, P.
AU  - Rahi, J.S.
AU  - Peckham, C.S.
AD  - C. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostatist., Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
AD  - Dept. of Paediatric Epidemiology, C. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostatist., Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
KW  - academic achievement
KW  - accident
KW  - adaptation
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - color vision defect
KW  - congenital color vision deficiency
KW  - education
KW  - female
KW  - genetic disorder
KW  - human
KW  - injury
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mathematics
KW  - occupational accident
KW  - priority journal
KW  - reading
KW  - screening
KW  - traffic accident
KW  - unintentional injury
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Color Vision Defects
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Male
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Wounds and Injuries
N1  - Cited By :16
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 15465847
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Rahi, J.S.; C. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostatist., Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: j.rahi@ich.ucl.ac.uk
N1  - References: (1987) Colour Vision, pp. 1-8. , London: HMSO. (Medical series guidance notes MS7); 
Hofroyd, E., Hall, D.M.B., A re-appraisal of screening for colour vision impairments (1997) Child Care Health Dev, 23, pp. 391-398; 
Essen, J., Fogelman, K., Ghodsian, M., Long-term changes in the school attainment of a national sample of children (1978) Educ Res, 20, pp. 300-305; 
Jefferis, B.J.M.H., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socio-economic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 305-308; 
Lampe, L.M.L., Doster, M.E., Beal, B.B., Summary of three year study of academic and school achievement between color-deficient and normal primary age pupils: Phase 2 (1973) J Sch Health, 43, pp. 309-311
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-8544270126&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.38176.685208.F7&partnerID=40&md5=48ae8109fba8a4b714e675eb8e06d5bf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Time trends in adolescent mental health
T2  - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines
J2  - J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip.
VL  - 45
IS  - 8
SP  - 1350
EP  - 1362
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00335.x
SN  - 00219630 (ISSN) 
AU  - Collishaw, S.
AU  - Maughan, B.
AU  - Goodman, R.
AU  - Pickles, A.
AD  - MRC Social Genet./Devmtl. Psychiat., Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
AD  - Dept. of Child/Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
AD  - School of Epidemiology/Hlth. Science, Centre for Census/Survey Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
AB  - Background: Existing evidence points to a substantial rise in psychosocial disorders affecting young people over the past 50 years (Rutter & Smith, 1995). However, there are major methodological challenges in providing conclusive answers about secular changes in disorder. Comparisons of rates of disorder at different time points are often affected by changes in diagnostic criteria, differences in assessment methods, and changes in official reporting practices. Few studies have examined this issue using the same instruments at each time point. Methods: The current study assessed the extent to which conduct, hyperactive and emotional problems have become more common over a 25-year period in three general population samples of UK adolescents. The samples used in this study were the adolescent sweeps of the National Child Development Study and the 1970 Birth Cohort Study, and the 1999 British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Survey. Comparable questionnaires were completed by parents of 15-16-year-olds at each time point (1974, 1986, and 1999). Results and conclusions: Results showed a substantial increase in adolescent conduct problems over the 25-year study period that has affected males and females, all social classes and all family types. There was also evidence for a recent rise in emotional problems, but mixed evidence in relation to rates of hyperactive behaviour. Further analyses using longitudinal data from the first two cohorts showed that long-term outcomes for adolescents with conduct problems were closely similar. This provided evidence that observed trends were unaffected by possible changes in reporting thresholds. © Association for Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2004.
KW  - Adolescence
KW  - Birth cohorts
KW  - Mental health
KW  - Time trends
KW  - UK
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adolescent disease
KW  - article
KW  - behavior disorder
KW  - child development
KW  - childbirth
KW  - clinical study
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - conduct disorder
KW  - controlled study
KW  - data analysis
KW  - emotional disorder
KW  - evidence based medicine
KW  - family
KW  - female
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - hyperactivity
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mental disease
KW  - mental health
KW  - outcomes research
KW  - parent
KW  - population research
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - sampling
KW  - social class
KW  - time
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
KW  - Conduct Disorder
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Mood Disorders
KW  - Population Surveillance
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Severity of Illness Index
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :372
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JPPDA
C2  - 15482496
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Collishaw, S.; MRC Social Genet./Devmtl. Psychiat., Institute of Psychiatry, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; email: s.collishaw@iop.kcl.ac.uk
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-7444243860&doi=10.1111%2fj.1469-7610.2004.00335.x&partnerID=40&md5=a76f5c81da1f2cae10ced8a094540bec
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Birth cohort studies in psychiatry: Beginning at the beginning
T2  - Psychological Medicine
J2  - Psychol. Med.
VL  - 34
IS  - 8
SP  - 1375
EP  - 1383
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1017/S0033291704003277
SN  - 00332917 (ISSN) 
AU  - Colman, I.
AU  - Jones, P.B.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 189, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
KW  - cannabis
KW  - alcoholism
KW  - analytical error
KW  - birth order
KW  - cannabis addiction
KW  - case control study
KW  - child development
KW  - child parent relation
KW  - child psychiatry
KW  - cognitive defect
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - delusion
KW  - dementia
KW  - depression
KW  - environmental exposure
KW  - habit
KW  - hallucination
KW  - heredity
KW  - human
KW  - hypothesis
KW  - information processing
KW  - life event
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - low birth weight
KW  - medical literature
KW  - MEDLINE
KW  - mental disease
KW  - methodology
KW  - national health service
KW  - neuroscience
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - privacy
KW  - prospective study
KW  - psychoanalysis
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - psychology
KW  - research ethics
KW  - retrospective study
KW  - review
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - schizophrenia
KW  - social aspect
KW  - survival
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Epidemiologic Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Mental Disorders
KW  - Psychiatry
KW  - Research Design
N1  - Cited By :20
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PSMDC
C2  - 15724869
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Jones, P.B.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Box 189, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom; email: pbj21@cam.ac.uk
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: cannabis, 8001-45-4, 8063-14-7
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Arseneault, L., Cannon, M., Poulton, R., Murray, R., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T.E., Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: Longitudinal prospective study (2002) British Medical Journal, 325, pp. 1212-1213; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-10044233986&doi=10.1017%2fS0033291704003277&partnerID=40&md5=3e4b435638bf88e3b63dabc1a431c9a0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Time to death and health expenditure: An improved model for the impact of demographic change on health care costs
T2  - Age and Ageing
J2  - Age Ageing
VL  - 33
IS  - 6
SP  - 556
EP  - 561
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1093/ageing/afh187
SN  - 00020729 (ISSN) 
AU  - Seshamani, M.
AU  - Gray, A.
AD  - University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
AD  - Health Economics Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
AB  - Background: Obtaining well-founded estimates of the effect of demographic change on future health expenditures is a pressing issue in all developed countries. Thus far, expenditure projections have examined the effect of age on health care costs, but fail to account for the influence of remaining life expectancy on costs. Objective: This paper seeks to create a more accurate projection model that considers the concentration of costs towards the end of life, and to compare this model with the more traditional approach that holds age- and sex-specific per capita expenditures constant. Methods: We used a longitudinal hospital dataset which followed 90 929 patients aged 65 and older from 1970 to death, to create an economic model of hospital costs based on patient age and time remaining to death. We then applied the model to England population projections to predict the effect of demographic changes on hospital expenditures from 2002 to 2026. Results: The decline in age-specific mortality rates over time postpones death to later ages, pushing back death-related costs. Accounting for this in expenditure projections gave a predicted annual growth rate of 0.40% - half of the rate predicted with a traditional method. Conclusions: Using richer data and more refined methods than have hitherto been employed, this study strongly confirms that the pressure of population increases and ageing demographic structure on hospital expenditures will be partially countered by the postponement of death-related hospital costs to later in life - a finding consistent with emerging epidemiological evidence, and heartening for policy makers and physicians alike. © British Geriatrics Society 2004; all rights reserved.
KW  - Ageing
KW  - Elderly
KW  - England
KW  - Health expenditures
KW  - Hospital cost
KW  - Projection
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - aging
KW  - article
KW  - data analysis
KW  - data base
KW  - death
KW  - demography
KW  - developed country
KW  - female
KW  - health care cost
KW  - hospital running cost
KW  - human
KW  - life expectancy
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - male
KW  - methodology
KW  - mortality
KW  - prediction
KW  - priority journal
KW  - statistical model
KW  - time
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Aging
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Expenditures
KW  - Health Services for the Aged
KW  - Hospital Costs
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Life Expectancy
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Models, Econometric
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Terminal Care
N1  - Cited By :59
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AANGA
C2  - 15308460
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Seshamani, M.; University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; email: Meena.Seshamani@marshallscholarship.org
N1  - References: Review of assumptions and methods of the Medicare Trustees' financial projections (2000), Technical Review Panel on the Medicare Trustees Reports. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services; Dang, T.T., Antolin, P., Oxley, H., Fiscal implications of ageing: Projections of age-related spending (2001), Economics Department Working Papers No. 305. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development; Fries, J.F., Compression of morbidity in the elderly (2000) Vaccine, 18, pp. 1584-1589; 
Manton, K.G., Gu, X., Changes in the prevalence of chronic disability in the United States black and nonblack population above age 65 from 1982 to 1999 (2001) PNAS, 98, pp. 6354-6359; 
Freedman, V.A., Martin, L.G., Contribution of chronic conditions to aggregate changes in old-age functioning (2000) Am. J. Public Health, 90, pp. 1755-1760; 
Waidmann, T.A., Liu, K., Disability trends among elderly persons and implications for the future (2000) J. Gerontol., 55, pp. S298-S307; 
Robine, J.M., Mormiche, P., Sermet, C., Examination of the causes and mechanisms of the increase in disability-free life expectancy (1998) J. Aging and Health, 10, pp. 171-191; 
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Lubitz, J., Riley, G.F., Trends in Medicare payments in the last year of life (1993) The New Eng. J. Med., 328, pp. 1092-1096; 
Hogan, C., Lunney, J., Gabel, J., Lynn, J., Medicare beneficiaries' costs of care in the last year of life (2001) Health Affairs, 20, pp. 188-195; 
Stooker, T., van Acht, J.W., van Barneveld, E.M., van Vliet, R.C.J.A., van Hout, B.A., Hessing, D.J., Costs in the last year of life in The Netherlands (2001) Inquiry, 38, pp. 73-80; 
Zweifel, P., Felder, S., Meiers, M., Ageing of population and health care expenditure: A red herring? (1999) Health Economics, 8, pp. 485-496; 
Seshamani, M., Gray, A., Ageing and health care expenditure: The red herring argument revisited (2004) Health Economics, 13, pp. 303-314; 
Wanless, D., Securing our future health: Taking a long-term view (2002), London, HM Treasury; Himsworth, R.L., Goldacre, M.J., Does time spent in hospital in the final 15 years of life increase with age at death? A population based study (1999) Br. Med. J., 319, pp. 1338-1339; 
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McGrail, K., Green, B., Barer, M.L., Evans, R.G., Hertzman, C., Normand, C., Age, cost of acute and long-term care and proximity to death: Evidence for 1987-88 and 1994-95 in British Columbia (2000) Age Ageing, 29, pp. 249-253; 
Temkin-Greener, H., Meiners, M.R., Petty, E.A., Szydlowski, J.S., The use and cost of health services prior to death: A comparison of the Medicare-only and the Medicare-Medicaid elderly populations (1992) The Milbank Quarterly, 70, pp. 679-701
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-8644284989&doi=10.1093%2fageing%2fafh187&partnerID=40&md5=fe9d51a1def75f40ab92d87f01475982
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Childhood disadvantage and health inequalities: A framework for policy based on lifecourse research
T2  - Child: Care, Health and Development
J2  - Child Care Health Dev.
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
SP  - 671
EP  - 678
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2004.00457.x
SN  - 03051862 (ISSN) 
AU  - Graham, H.
AU  - Power, C.
AD  - Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YT, United Kingdom
AD  - Ctr. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostat., Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
AB  - Tackling health inequalities is moving up the policy agenda of richer societies like the UK, with governments looking for evidence to guide policy review and development. Observational studies of how childhood disadvantage compromises health in adulthood are an important part of the evidence base, but are largely inaccessible to the policy community. We develop a framework which captures the findings of these studies. Our framework highlights how disadvantage in childhood adversely affects both socio-economic circumstances and health in adulthood through a set of interlocking processes. Key among these are children's developmental health (their physical, cognitive and emotional development) and health behaviours, together with the associated educational and social trajectories. In breaking down the link between childhood disadvantage and adult health into its constituent elements, the framework provides a basis for understanding where and how policies can make a difference. The paper argues that the process of policy review and development needs to include both new programmes and the mainstream policies in which they are embedded. © 2004 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
KW  - Child disadvantage
KW  - Health inequalities
KW  - Policy
KW  - adulthood
KW  - child
KW  - child development
KW  - child health
KW  - child health care
KW  - childhood
KW  - cognition
KW  - education
KW  - emotion
KW  - evidence based medicine
KW  - health behavior
KW  - health care delivery
KW  - health care policy
KW  - health program
KW  - health services research
KW  - health status
KW  - human
KW  - priority journal
KW  - review
KW  - social aspect
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Welfare
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Evidence-Based Medicine
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Psychosocial Deprivation
KW  - Public Policy
N1  - Cited By :73
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CCHDD
C2  - 15527477
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Graham, H.; Institute for Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YT, United Kingdom; email: hm.graham@lancaster.ac.uk
N1  - References: Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life, , Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, UK; 
Blane, D., The life course, the social gradient and health (1999) Social Determinants of Health, pp. 67-80. , (eds M. Marmot & R.G. Wilkinson) Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK; 
Davey Smith, G., Gunnell, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Lifecourse approaches to socio-economic differentials in cause-specific adult mortality (2001) Poverty, Inequality and Health, pp. 88-124. , (eds D. Leon & G. Walt), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK; 
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Hertzman, C., McLean, S.A., Kohen, D.E., Dunn, J., Evans, T., (2002) Early Development in Vancouver: Report of the Community Asset Mapping Project (CAMP), , http://www.earlylearning.ubc.ca, Human Early Learning Partnership (HELP), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. URL; 
Hobcraft, J., (2003) Continuities and Change in Pathways to Young Adult Disadvantage, , CASEpaper 66. LSE Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London, UK; 
Hobcraft, J., Kiernan, K., (1999) Childhood Poverty, Early Motherhood and Adult Social Exclusion, , STICERD, LSE, London, UK; 
Jefferis, B., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth-weight, childhood socio-economic environment and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort (2002) British Medical Journal, 325, pp. 305-308; 
Keating, D., Hertzman, C., (1999) Developmental Health and the Wealth of Nations, , The Guilford Press, NY, USA; 
Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Langenberg, C., Richards, R., Wadsworth, N.E.J., Mortality in adults aged 26-54 related to socioeconomic conditions in childhood and adulthood: Post war birth cohort study (2002) British Medical Journal, 325, pp. 1076-1080; 
Kuh, D.C., Blane, D., Bartley, M., Socioeconomic pathways between childhood and adult health (2003) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology: Tracing the Origins of III Health from Early to Adult Life, pp. 371-395. , 2nd edn. (eds D.L. Kuh & Y. Ben-Shlomo), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK; 
Machin, S., Unto them that hath... (2003) CentrePiece, 8, pp. 5-9; 
Nickell, S., (2003) Poverty and Worklessness in Britain, , LSE Centre for Economic Performance, London, UK; 
Piachaud, D., Sutherland, H., (2003) Poverty in Britain: The Impact of Government Policy Since 1997, , Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York, UK; 
Power, C., Hertzman, C., Health and human development from life course research (2004) Population Health: Policy Dilemmas, , (eds M. Barer, R. Evans, C. Hertzman & J. Heyman). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK; 
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Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-9444246967&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-2214.2004.00457.x&partnerID=40&md5=c6464ff054f3fc4ac6dfd76779c137e2
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Childhood predictors of self reported chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis in adults: National birth cohort study
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - Br. Med. J.
VL  - 329
IS  - 7472
SP  - 941
EP  - 943
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1136/bmj.38258.507928.55
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Viner, R.
AU  - Hotopf, M.
AD  - Department of Paediatrics, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., Middlesex Hospital, London W1T 3AA, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective: To study childhood risk factors for chronic fatigue syndrome in adult life. Design: Examination of data from the 1970 British birth cohort. Participants: 16 567 babies born 5-11 April 1970, followed up at 5, 10, 16, and 29-30 years. Main outcome measures: Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME). identified by self report at age 30 years. Data from childhood from questionnaires given to parents and teachers. Maternal mental health assessed with the malaise inventory. Results: 93 (0.8%, 95% confidence interval 0.7 to 1.0) of 11 261 participants reported ever having CFS/ME, and 48 (0.4%, 0.3 to 0.6) had the condition currently. Higher risk of CFS/ME was associated with having a limiting longstanding condition in childhood (odds ratio 2.3, 1.4 to 3.9), female sex (2.3, 1.4 to 2.6), and high social class in childhood (2.2, 1.4 to 3.5). Higher levels of exercise in childhood were associated with lower risk (0.5, 0.2 to 0.9). Maternal psychological disorder, psychological problems in childhood, birth weight, birth order, atopy, obesity, school absence, academic ability, and parental illness were not associated with risk of CFS/ME. Conclusions: We identified no association between maternal or child psychological distress, academic ability, parental illness, atopy, or birth order and increasing risk of lifetime CFS/ME. Sedentary behaviour increased the risk.
KW  - academic achievement
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - atopy
KW  - birth order
KW  - birth weight
KW  - child
KW  - childhood
KW  - chronic fatigue syndrome
KW  - confidence interval
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - malaise
KW  - male
KW  - mental compliance
KW  - mental health
KW  - obesity
KW  - parental behavior
KW  - prediction
KW  - priority journal
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - risk factor
KW  - school
KW  - self report
KW  - sex ratio
KW  - social class
KW  - teacher
KW  - chronic fatigue syndrome
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - preschool child
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Risk Factors
N1  - Cited By :70
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 15469945
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Viner, R.; Department of Paediatrics, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., Middlesex Hospital, London W1T 3AA, United Kingdom; email: R.Viner@ich.ucl.ac.uk
N1  - References: Hotopf, M., Noah, N., Wessely, S., Chronic fatigue and minor psychiatric morbidity after viral meningitis: A controlled study (1996) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 60, pp. 504-509; 
Levine, P.H., Epidemiologic advances in chronic fatigue syndrome (1997) J Psychiatr Res, 31, pp. 7-18; 
Salit, I.E., Precipitating factors for the chronic fatigue syndrome (1997) J Psychiatr Res, 31, pp. 59-65; 
Krilov, L.R., Fisher, M., Friedman, S.B., Reitman, D., Mandel, F.S., Course and outcome of chronic fatigue in children and adolescents (1998) Pediatrics, 102, pp. 360-366; 
White, P.D., Thomas, J.M., Kangro, H.O., Bruce-Jones, W.D., Amess, J., Crawford, D.H., Predictions and associations of fatigue syndromes and mood disorders that occur after infectious mononucleosis (2001) Lancet, 358, pp. 1946-1954; 
MacDonald, K.L., Osterholm, M.T., LeDell, K.H., White, K.E., Schenck, C.H., Chao, C.C., A case-control study to assess possible triggers and cofactors in chronic fatigue syndrome (1996) Am J Med, 100, pp. 548-554; 
Brimacombe, M., Helmer, D.A., Natelson, B.H., Birth order and its association with the onset of chronic fatigue syndrome (2002) Hum Biol, 74, pp. 615-620; 
Endicott, N.A., Chronic fatigue syndrome in psychiatric patients: Lifetime and premorbid personal history of physical health (1998) Psychosom Med, 60, pp. 744-751; 
Hall, G.H., Hamilton, W.T., Round, A.P., Increased illness experience preceding chronic fatigue syndrome: A case control study (1998) J R Coll Physicians Lond, 32, pp. 44-48; 
Sullivan, P.F., Kovalenko, P., York, T.P., Prescott, C.A., Kendler, K.S., Fatigue in a community sample of twins (2003) Psychol Med, 33, pp. 263-281; 
Fisher, L., Chalder, T., Childhood experiences of illness and parenting in adults with chronic fatigue syndrome (2003) J Psychosom Res, 54, pp. 439-443; 
Chalder, T., Goodman, R., Wessely, S., Hotopf, M., Meltzer, H., Epidemiology of chronic fatigue syndrome and self reported myalgic encephalomyelitis in 5-15 year olds: Cross sectional study (2003) BMJ, 327, pp. 654-655; 
Irving, B., Bloxsom, C., (2002) Predicting Adolescent Delinquent Behaviour and Criminal Conviction by Age 30: Evidence from the 1970 British Birth Cohort, , London: Police Foundation; 
Wessely, S., Chalder, T., Hirsch, S., Pawlikowska, T., Wallace, P., Wright, D.J., Postinfectious fatigue: Prospective cohort study in primary care (1995) Lancet, 345, pp. 1333-1338; 
Garralda, E., Rangel, L., Levin, M., Roberts, H., Ukoumunne, O., Psychiatric adjustment in adolescents with a history of chronic fatigue syndrome (1999) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 38, pp. 1515-1521
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-7044238934&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.38258.507928.55&partnerID=40&md5=2ea67e6fa028eb08e27175a1b2ba5805
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Survival and complications in patients with thalassemia major treated with transfusion and deferoxamine
T2  - Haematologica
J2  - Haematologica
VL  - 89
IS  - 10
SP  - 1187
EP  - 1193
PY  - 2004
SN  - 03906078 (ISSN) 
AU  - Borgna-Pignatti, C.
AU  - Rugolotto, S.
AU  - De Stefano, P.
AU  - Zhao, H.
AU  - Cappellini, M.D.
AU  - Del Vecchio, G.C.
AU  - Romeo, M.A.
AU  - Forni, G.L.
AU  - Gamberini, M.R.
AU  - Ghilardi, R.
AU  - Piga, A.
AU  - Cnaan, A.
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
AD  - IRCCS San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
AD  - Division of Pediatrics, Ferrara Hospital, Italy
AD  - Microcytemia Center, Ospedali Galliera, Genova, Italy
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, University of Milan, Italy
AD  - Dept. of Pediatrics, Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Univ. of Pennsylvania Sch. of Med., Philadelphia, PA, United States
AD  - Dipto. di Med. Clin. e Sperimentale, Sezione di Pediatria, Università Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
AB  - Background and Objectives. Seven Italian centers reported data on survival, causes of death and appearance of complications in patients with thalassemia major. The interactions between gender, birth cohort, complications, and ferritin on survival and complications were analyzed. Design and Methods. Survival after the first decade was studied for 977 patients born since 1960 whereas survival since birth and complication appearance was studied for the 720 patients born after 1970. Better survival was demonstrated for patients born in more recent years (p<0.00005) and for females (p=0.0003); 68% of the patients are alive at J the age of 35 years. In the entire population 67% of the deaths were due to heart disease. Results. There was a significant association between birth cohort and complication-free survival (p<0.0005). The prevalence of complications was: heart failure 6.8%, arrhythmia 5.7%, hypogonadism 54.7%, hypothyroidism 10.8%, diabetes 6.4%, HIV infection 1.7%, and thrombosis 1.1%. Lower ferritin levels were associated with a lower probability of heart failure (hazard ratio = 3.35, p<0.005) and with prolonged survival (hazard ratio = 2.45, p<0.005), using a cut-off as low as 1,000 ng/mL Interpretation and Conclusions. Survival and complication-free survival of patients with thalassemia major continue to improve, especially for female patients born shortly before or after the availability of iron chelation.
KW  - Causes of death
KW  - Ferritin
KW  - Hemosiderosis
KW  - Survival
KW  - Thalassemia
KW  - deferoxamine
KW  - ferritin
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - birth
KW  - blood transfusion
KW  - cause of death
KW  - child
KW  - clinical trial
KW  - diabetes mellitus
KW  - female
KW  - gender
KW  - heart arrhythmia
KW  - heart disease
KW  - heart failure
KW  - human
KW  - Human immunodeficiency virus infection
KW  - hypogonadism
KW  - hypothyroidism
KW  - iron chelation
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - multicenter study
KW  - prevalence
KW  - survival
KW  - thalassemia major
KW  - thrombosis
KW  - treatment outcome
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Arrhythmia
KW  - Blood Transfusion
KW  - Chelation Therapy
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Deferoxamine
KW  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
KW  - Female
KW  - Ferritins
KW  - Heart Failure, Congestive
KW  - HIV Infections
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypogonadism
KW  - Hypothyroidism
KW  - Iron Chelating Agents
KW  - Italy
KW  - Life Tables
KW  - Male
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Splenectomy
KW  - Survival Analysis
KW  - Thalassemia
KW  - Thrombosis
N1  - Cited By :644
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: HAEMA
C2  - 15477202
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Borgna-Pignatti, C.; Dipto. di Med. Clin. e Sperimentale, Sezione di Pediatria, Università Ferrara, Via Savonarola 9, 44100 Ferrara, Italy; email: bre@unife.it
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: deferoxamine, 70-51-9; ferritin, 9007-73-2; Deferoxamine, 70-51-9; Ferritins, 9007-73-2; Iron Chelating Agents
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Locatelli, F., Rocha, V., Reed, W., Bernaudin, F., Ertem, M., Grafakos, S., Related umbilical cord blood transplant in patients with thalassemia and sickle cell disease (2003) Blood, 101, pp. 2137-2143; 
Zurlo, M.G., De Stefano, P., Borgna-Pignatti, A., Di Palma, A., Piga, A., Melevendi, C., Survival and causes of death in thalassaemia major (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 27-30; 
Borgna-Pignatti, C., Rugolotto, S., De Stefano, P., Piga, A., Di Gregorio, F., Gamberini, M.R., Survival and disease complications in thalassemia major (1998) Ann NY Acad Sci, 850, p. 227; 
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Brittenham, G.M., Griffith, P.M., Nienhuis, A.W., McLaren, C.E., Young, N.S., Tucker, E.E., Efficacy of deferoxamine in preventing complications of iron overload in patients with thalassemia major (1994) N Engl J Med, 331, pp. 567-573; 
Modell, B., Khan, M., Darlison, M., Survival in β-thalassaemia major in the UK: Data from the UK Thalassaemia Register (2000) Lancet, 355, pp. 2051-2052; 
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De Montalembert, M., Costagliola, D.G., Lefrere, J.J., Cornu, G., Lombardo, T., Cosentino, S., Prevalence of markers for human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2, human T-lymphotropic virus type 1, cytomegalovirus, and hepatitis B and C virus in multiply transfused thalassemia patients (1992) Transfusion, 32, pp. 509-512. , The French Study Group on Thalassaemia; 
Borgna-Pignatti, C., Carnelli, V., Caruso, V., Dore, F., De Mattia, D., Di Palma, A., Thromboembolic events in β thalassemia major: An Italian multicenter study (1998) Acta Haematol, 99, pp. 76-79; 
Eldor, A., Rachmilewitz, E.A., The hypercoagulable state in thalassemia (2002) Blood, 99, pp. 36-43; 
Bronspiegel-Weintrob, N., Olivieri, N.F., Tyler, B., Andrews, D.F., Freedman, M.H., Holland, F.J., Effect of age at the start of iron chelation therapy on gonadal function in β-thalassemia major (1990) N Engl J Med, 323, pp. 713-719; 
Sabato, A., De Sanctis, V., Atti, G., Capra, L., Bagni, B., Vullo, C., Primary hypothyroidism and the lowT3 syndrome in thalassaemia major (1983) Arch Dis Child, 58, pp. 120-127; 
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Prati, D., Zanella, A., Farma, E., De Mattel, C., Bosoni, P., Zappa, M., A multicenter prospective study on the risk of acquiring liver disease in anti-hepatitis C virus negative patients affected from homozygous β-thalassemia (1998) Blood, 92, p. 3460; 
De Montalembert, M., Girot, R., Mattlinger, B., Lefrere, J.J., Transfusion-dependent thalassemia: Viral complications (epidemiology and follow-up) (1995) Semin Hematol, 32, pp. 280-287; 
Brittenham, G.M., Cohen, A.R., McLaren, C.E., Martin, M.B., Griffith, P.M., Nienhuis, A.W., Hepatic iron stores and plasma ferritin concentration in patients with sickle cell anemia and thalassemia major (1993) Am J Hematol, 42, pp. 81-85; 
Olivieri, N.F., Brittenham, G.M., Iron-chelating therapy and the treatment of thalassemia (1997) Blood, 89, pp. 739-761; 
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De Virgiliis, S., Cornacchia, G., Sanna, G., Argiolu, F., Galanello, R., Fiorelli, G., Chronic liver disease in transfusion-dependent thalassemia: Liver iron quantitation and distribution (1981) Acta Haematol, 65, pp. 32-39; 
Olivieri, N.F., Nathan, D.G., MacMillan, J.H., Wayne, A.S., Liu, P.P., McGee, A., Survival in medically treated patients with homozygous β-thalassemia (1994) N Engl J Med, 331, pp. 574-578; 
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Hershko, C., Cappellini, M.D., Galanello, R., Piga, A., Tognoni, G., Masera, G., Purging iron from the heart (2004) BrJ Haematol, 125, pp. 545-551
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Gender earnings differentials across individuals over time in British cohort studies
T2  - International Journal of Manpower
J2  - Int. J. Manpow.
VL  - 25
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 251
EP  - 263
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1108/01437720410541380
SN  - 01437720 (ISSN) 
AU  - Makepeace, G.
AU  - Dolton, P.
AU  - Joshi, H.
AD  - Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK, United Kingdom
AD  - University of Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK, United Kingdom
AD  - Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, London, UK, United Kingdom
AB  - This paper analyses gender wage differentials in full-time employment using recently released data from the National Child Development Study and the British Cohort Study 1970. The paper compares the situations of individuals in their early thirties in 1991 and 2000 and the position of full-time employees in NCDS as the cohorts aged between 33 and 42. The distribution of individuals' experiences of unequal pay is emphasised by comparing distributions of gender differentials of an "index of unequal treatment". Passing from age 33 to 42, unequal treatment increased substantially, across the whole distribution.
KW  - Gender
KW  - Pay differentials
KW  - United Kingdom
N1  - Cited By :4
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Conference Paper
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UKUnited Kingdom
N1  - References: Anderson, T., Forth, J., Metcalf, H., Kirby, S., (2001) The Gender Pay Gap, , Women and Equality Unit, Cabinet Office London; 
(2003) Changing Britain Changing Lives, , Bynner, J. Ferri, E. Wadsworth, M. Institute of Education London; 
Dolton, P., Joshi, H., Makepeace, G., (2002) Unpacking unequal pay between men and women across cohort and lifecycle, , Cohort Studies Discussion Paper No. 2, Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education; 
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Makepeace, G.H., Paci, P., Joshi, H., Dolton, P.J., How unequally has equal pay progressed since the 1970s? a study of two British birth cohorts (1999) Journal of Human Resources, 34 (3), pp. 534-56; 
Paci, P., Joshi, H., Makepeace, G., Pay gaps facing men and women born in 1958: Differences within the labour market (1995) The Economics of Equal Opportunities, pp. 87-111. , Humphries, J. Rubery, J. Equal Opportunities Commission Manchester; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mothers' nonauthoritarian child-rearing attitudes in early childhood and children's adult values
T2  - European Psychologist
J2  - Eur. Psychol.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
SP  - 154
EP  - 162
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1027/1016-9040.9.3.154
SN  - 10169040 (ISSN) 
AU  - Flouri, E.
AD  - University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
AD  - Ctr. for Res. Parenting/Children, Dept. of Social Plcy. and Social Wk., University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
AD  - Statistics at St. Hilda's College, United States
AD  - University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom
AB  - This study used longitudinal data from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) to examine links between mothers' nonauthoritarian child-rearing attitudes, assessed when children were aged 5, and children's values at age 30 (antiracism, right-wing beliefs, support for authority, support for traditional marital values, support for working mothers, political cynicism, environmentalism, and support for the work ethic). Mothers' nonauthoritarian child-rearing attitudes were positively related to cohort members' antiracism and environmentalism, and were negatively related to cohort members' support for authority, support for traditional marital values, and support for the work ethic even after mothers' values (liberalism and support for working mothers) and known early (parental social class, socioeconomic disadvantage, family structure, general ability, and emotional and behavioral problems) and concurrent (social class, partner status, religiosity, self-reported physical health, and depressed mood) confounding Jactors were controlled for.
KW  - BCS70
KW  - Child-rearing attitudes
KW  - Parenting
KW  - Values
N1  - Cited By :4
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Flouri, E.; University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom; email: eirini.flouri@socres.ox.ac.uk
N1  - References: Austin, E.J., Deary, I.J., Whiteman, M.C., Fowkes, F.G.R., Pedersen, N.L., Rabbitt, P., Bent, N., McInnes, L., Relationships between ability and personality: Does intelligence contribute positively to personal and social adjustment? (2002) Personality and Individual Differences, 32, pp. 1391-1411; 
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Rindfleisch, A., Burroughs, J.E., Denton, F., Family structure, materialism and compulsive consumption (1997) Journal of Consumer Research, 23, pp. 312-325; 
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Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples (1999) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 34, pp. 333-341; 
Rutter, M.J., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behavior, , London: Longman; 
Schoon, I., Bynner, J., Joshi, H., Parsons, S., Wiggins, R.D., Sacker, A., The influence of context, timing, and duration of risk experiences for the passage from childhood to midadulthood (2002) Child Development, 73, pp. 1486-1504; 
Scott, L.H., Measuring intelligence with the Goodenough-Harris drawing test (1981) Psychological Bulletin, 89, pp. 483-505; 
Shepherd, P., Survey and response (1997) Twenty-Something in the 1990s: Getting on, Getting by, Getting Nowhere, pp. 129-136. , J. Bynner, E. Ferri, & P. Shepherd (Eds.). Aldershot: Ashgate; 
Thompson, A., Hollis, C., Richards, D., Authoritarian parenting attitudes as a risk for conduct problems: Results from a British national cohort study (2003) European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 12, pp. 84-91; 
Waller, N.G., Kojetin, B.A., Bouchard Jr., T.J., Lykken, D.T., Tellegen, A., Genetic and environmental influences on religious interests, attitudes and values: A study of twins reared apart and together (1990) Psychological Science, 1, pp. 138-142
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-7444237546&doi=10.1027%2f1016-9040.9.3.154&partnerID=40&md5=b1c894de4e81f1004dfebec2e984dbc7
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Early childbearing and housing choices
T2  - Journal of Housing Economics
J2  - J. Hous. Econ.
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
SP  - 170
EP  - 194
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1016/j.jhe.2004.07.001
SN  - 10511377 (ISSN) 
AU  - Ermisch, J.
AU  - Pevalin, D.J.
AD  - Inst. for Social/Economic Research, University of Essex, Essex, United Kingdom
AB  - The paper presents a simple dynamic model of childbearing and housing demand incorporating imperfect fertility control, which suggests that early childbearing can have long-term effects on housing demand. An IV estimate of the effect of early childbearing on the probability of owner-occupation at age 30, based on information about miscarriages from the British Cohort Study 1970 data, indicates a large negative effect, and suggests that it is acceptable to treat the age-at-first-birth indicators as exogenous. Housing demand equations are estimated using data from the British Household Panel Survey 1991-2001, and these indicate that births early in adulthood substantially reduce housing demand later in life. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Housing demand dynamics
KW  - Housing tenure
KW  - Treatment effects
N1  - Cited By :5
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JHECF
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Ermisch, J.; Inst. for Social/Economic Research, University of Essex, Essex, United Kingdom; email: ermij@essex.ac.uk
N1  - References: Angrist, J.D., Imbens, G.W., Rubin, D.W., Identification of causal effects using instrumental variables (1996) J. Amer. Statistical Assoc., 91, pp. 444-472; 
Angrist, J.D., Treatment effect heterogeneity in theory and practice (2004) Econ. J., 114, pp. C52-C83; 
Banks, J., Smith, Z., Wakefield, M., The distribution of financial wealth in the UK: Evidence from the 2000 BHPS data (2002), Institute for Fiscal Studies Working Paper WP02/21, London; Bennett, N.G., Bloom, D.E., Miller, C.K., The influence of nonmarital childbearing on the formation of first marriages (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 47-62; 
Bloom, H.S., Accounting for no-shows in experimental evaluation designs (1984) Evaluation Rev., 8, pp. 225-246; 
Burdett, K., Ermisch, J., Single Mothers (2002), ISER Working paper 2002-30, University of Essex; Chevalier, A., Viitanen, T.K., The long-run labour market consequences of teenage motherhood in Britain (2003) J. Population Econ., 16, pp. 323-343; 
Di Salvo, P., Ermisch, J., Analysis of the dynamics of housing tenure choice in Britain (1997) J. Urban Econ., 42, pp. 1-17; 
Ermisch, J., The demand for housing in Britain and population ageing: Microeconometric evidence (1996) Economica, 63, pp. 383-404; 
Ermisch, J., Halpin, B., Becoming a homeowner in Britain in the 1990s (2004) Home Ownership and Social Inequality in Comparative Perspective, , K. Kurz H.-P. Blossfeld (Eds.) Stanford University Press Social Inequality Series; 
Ermisch, J., Pevalin, D.J., Who has a Child as a Teenager? (2003), ISER Working paper 2003-30, University of Essex; Ermisch, J., Pevalin, D.J., Does a 'Teen-birth' have Longer-term Impacts on the Mother? Evidence from the 1970 British Cohort Study (2003), ISER Working paper 2003-28, University of Essex; Geronimus, A., Korenman, S., The socioeconomic consequences of teenage childbearing reconsidered (1992) Quart. J. Econ., 107, pp. 1187-1214; 
Grossman, M., Joyce, T., Unobservables, pregnancy resolutions, and birth weight production functions in New York City (1990) J. Polit. Economy, 98, pp. 983-1007; 
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Heckman, J.J., Instrumental variables: A study of implicit behavioral assumptions used in making program evaluations (1997) J. Human Res., 32, pp. 441-462; 
Hoffman, S., Foster, E.M., Furstenberg, F., Re-evaluating the costs of teenage childbearing (1993) Demography, 30, pp. 1-13; 
Hotz, V.J., Mullins, C.H., Sanders, S.G., Bounding causal effects using data from a contaminated natural experiment: Analyzing the effects of teenage childbearing (1997) Rev. Econ. Stud., 64, pp. 575-603; 
Imbens, G., Angrist, J., Identification and estimation of local average treatment effects (1994) Econometrica, 62, pp. 467-476; 
Lichter, D.T., Graefe, D.R., Finding a mate? The marital and cohabitation histories of unwed mothers (2001) Out of Wedlock, pp. 317-343. , L.L. Wu B. Wolfe (Eds.) Russell Sage Foundation New York; 
Olsen, R.J., Farkas, G., Endogenous covariates in duration models and the effect of adolescent childbirth on schooling (1989) J. Human Res., 24, pp. 39-53; 
Ribar, D.C., Teenage fertility and high school completion (1994) Rev. Econ. Statist., 76, pp. 413-424; 
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Upchurch, D.M., Lillard, L.A., Panis, C.W.A., The impacts of nonmarital childbearing on subsequent marital formation and dissolution (2001) Out of Wedlock, pp. 344-380. , L.L. Wu B. Wolfe (Eds.) Russell Sage Foundation New York; 
Wills, R.J., A theory of out-of-wedlock childbearing (1999) J. Polit. Economy, 107, pp. S33-S64
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-13844292554&doi=10.1016%2fj.jhe.2004.07.001&partnerID=40&md5=9d5c643bc4b8aa08362af267efab1919
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The importance of cognitive development in middle childhood for adulthood socioeconomic status, mental health, and problem behavior
T2  - Child Development
J2  - Child Dev.
VL  - 75
IS  - 5
SP  - 1329
EP  - 1339
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00743.x
SN  - 00093920 (ISSN) 
AU  - Feinstein, L.
AU  - Bynner, J.
AD  - Institute of Education, University of London, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Bedford Grp. Lifecourse/Stat. Studs., Institute of Education, University of London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom
AB  - This study examined the extent to which continuities and discontinuities in cognitive performance between ages 5 and 10 predicted adult income, educational success, household worklessness, criminality, teen parenthood, smoking, and depression. Assessed were the degree of this change during middle childhood, the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) on this change, and the extent to which this change influenced adult outcomes. The analyses were conducted on 11,200 individuals from the UK Birth Cohort Study who were born in 1970 and who were resurveyed at ages 5, 10, 16, 26, and 30. Substantial discontinuities emerged during middle childhood, with strong SES influences. Changes in middle childhood strongly affected adult outcomes, often outweighing the effects of cognitive development before age 5.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adolescent pregnancy
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - behavior disorder
KW  - child
KW  - child development
KW  - cognitive defect
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - crime
KW  - family
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - mental disease
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - preschool child
KW  - prospective study
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - risk factor
KW  - social environment
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - statistics
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Behavior Disorders
KW  - Child Development
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cognition Disorders
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Crime
KW  - Family
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Mental Disorders
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy in Adolescence
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Social Environment
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
N1  - Cited By :74
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CHDEA
C2  - 15369517
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Feinstein, L.; Bedford Grp. Lifecourse/Stat. Studs., Institute of Education, University of London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom; email: lf@bg.ioe.ac.uk
N1  - References: Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Howlett, B.C., (1986) From Birth to Five: A Study of Health and Behaviour in Britain's Five-year-olds, , Oxford, England: Pergammon; 
Butler, N.R., Haslum, M.N., Barker, W., Morris, A.C., (1982) Child Health and Education Study: First Report to the Department of Education and Science on the 10-Year Follow-up, , University of Bristol: Department of Child Health; 
Card, D., The causal effect of education on earnings (1999) Handbook of Labor Economics, 3, pp. 1802-1843. , O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (Eds.). Elsevier-North Holland; 
Clarke, A.M., Clarke, A.D.B., (1998) Early Experience: Myth and Evidence, , London: Open Books; 
(2002) Education and Skills - Delivering the Results: A Strategy to 2006, , London: Author; 
Eccles, J.S., Gootman, J., (2002) Community Programs to Promote Youth Development, , Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 
Feinstein, L., (2002) Quantitative Estimates of the Social Benefits of Learning, 1: Crime, , (Wider Benefits of Learning Research Report: 5). London: Institute of Education; 
Feinstein, L., Inequality in the early cognitive development of British children in the 1970 cohort (2003) Economica, 70, pp. 73-98; 
Feinstein, L., Symons, J., Attainment in secondary school (1999) Oxford Economic Papers, 51, pp. 300-321; 
Ferri, E., Bynner, J., Wadsworth, M.E., (2003) Changing Britain: Changing Lives, , London: Bedford Way Papers, Institute of Education; 
Glass, N., Sure Start: The development of an early intervention programme for young children in the United Kingdom (1999) Children and Society, 13, pp. 257-264; 
Gregg, P., Wadsworth, M., More work in fewer households (1996) New Inequalities: The Changing Distribution of Income and Wealth in the UK, , J. Hills (Ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; 
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Harris, D.B., (1963) Children's Drawings as Measures of Intellectual Maturity, , New York: Harcourt, Brace and World Inc; 
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Ramey, C.T., Campbell, F.A., Burchinal, M., Skinner, M.L., Gardner, D.M., Ramey, S.L., Persistent effects of early childhood education on high risk children and their mothers (2000) Applied Developmental Science, 4, pp. 2-14; 
Robins, L., Rutter, M., (1990) Straight and Devious Pathways from Childhood to Adulthood, , Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; 
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Rutter, M., Maughan, B., Mortimore, P., Ouston, J., (1979) Fifteen Thousand Hours: Secondary Schools and Their Effects on Children, , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 
Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longmans; 
Schaffer, H.R., The early experience assumption: Past present and future (2002) Growing Points in Developmental Science, pp. 22-46. , W. W. Hartup & R. K. Silbereisen (Eds.). New York: Psychology Press; 
Robertson, D., Symons, J., Do peer groups matter? Peer group versus schooling effects on academic attainment (2003) Economica, 70, pp. 31-53; 
(1998) Bringing Britain Together: A National Strategy for Neighbourhood Renewal, , CM4045). London: The Stationery Office; 
Yeung, W.J., Linver, M.R., Brooks-Gunn, J., How money matters for young children's development: Investment and family process (2002) Child Development, 73, pp. 1861-1879
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-7444252738&doi=10.1111%2fj.1467-8624.2004.00743.x&partnerID=40&md5=f472d61b0bc65be451bac5cedac25a6c
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Recent demographic developments in France
T2  - Population
J2  - Population
VL  - 59
IS  - 5
SP  - 595
EP  - 634
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.2307/3654919
SN  - 16342941 (ISSN) 
AU  - Prioux, F.
AD  - Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133 bd Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France
AB  - France has registered a relatively high natural increase and a rather weak estimated net migration, although the number of aliens issued with residence permits has risen sharply since 1997. While fertility has been running at nearly 1.9 children per woman for the past four years, completed cohort fertility has been dropping steeply since the 1960 cohort, and could fall below two children per woman in the 1970 cohort. Civil unions (PACSs) are rising every year, but marriages have been decreasing since 2000. The proportion of the never-married (in legal terms) thus continues to rise from one cohort to the next. The proportion of men never having lived in a stable partnership is also on a mild uptrend, as is the age of first union formation. Marriages after union formation are becoming less common, and dissolutions more common, so that an ever greater number of men and women form several successive unions. After a period of stability, the frequency of divorce has started rising again in the past two years. Life expectancy at birth fo r women (82.9 years in 2003) is rising more slowly than that of men (75.9 years). The resulting convergence should persist, as excess male mortality due to cancer is now decreasing. Because of an exceptional heat wave, 2003 witnessed about 15,000 more deaths than normal, mostly among older persons, particularly women over 75.
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - demographic survey
KW  - demographic trend
KW  - divorce
KW  - fertility
KW  - life expectancy
KW  - marriage
KW  - mortality
KW  - population migration
KW  - Eurasia
KW  - Europe
KW  - France
KW  - Western Europe
N1  - Cited By :3
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Prioux, F.; Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133 bd Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France; email: prioux@ined.fr
N1  - References: Barre, C., Vanderschelden, M., (2004) Enquête « Ébude De L'histoire Familiale » De 1999 Résultats Déaillés, p. 48. , (INSEE Résultats, Société no 33) + CD Rom; 
Beaumel, C., Désesquelles, A., Richet-Mastain, L., Vatan, M., (2004) La Situation Démographique En 2002. Mouvement De La Population, p. 44. , (INSEE Résultats, Société no 34) + CD Rom; 
Cassan, F., Mazuy, M., Clanché, F., "Refaire sa vie de couple est plus fréquent pour les hommes" (2001) INSEE Premiére, , no 797; 
(2004) Recent Demographic Developments in Europe, p. 120. , Council of Europe 2003, Council of Europe Publishing + CD-ROM; 
Désesquelles, A., Richet-Mastain, L., "Bilan démographique 2003: Stabilité des naissances, augmentation des décès" (2004) INSEE Première, Et Bulletin Mensuel De Statistique, pp. 141-156. , no 948, no 2; 
Hémon, D., Jougla, E., (2003) Surmortalité Liée à La Canicule D'août 2003, , Rapport d'étape [Progress Report], September 25 2003, INSERM; 
Hémon, D., Jougla, E., (2004) Surmortalé Lieée à La Canicule D'août 2003, p. 76. , Rapport remis au ministre de la Santé de la Protection sociale [Report to the Minister of Health and Social Protection], October 26, 2004, INSERM; 
Léger, J.-F., "Les entrées d'étrangers sur le marchçais du travail franǐs (1990 à 2001)" (2004) Revue Européenne Des Migrations Internationales, 20 (1); 
Meslé, F., "Life expectancy: A female advantage under threat?" (2004) Population & Societies, , http://www.ined.fr/englishversion/publications, no 402, June,2004 (available online at:); 
Meslé, F., "Ecart d'espérance de vie emre les sexes : Les raisons du recul de l'avantage féminin" (2004) Revue D'épidémiologie Et De Santé Publique, 52 (4), pp. 333-352; 
Munoz-Pérez, F., Prioux, F., "Children born outside marriage and their parents. Recognitions and legitimations since 1965" (2000) Population: An English Selection, 12, pp. 139-195; 
Prioux, F., "L'évotution démographique récente en France" (1999) Population, 54 (3), pp. 449-479; 
Prioux, F., "Recent demographic developments in France" (2003) Population-E, 58 (4-5), pp. 525-558; 
Prioux, F., " Age at first union in France. A two-stage process of change" (2003) Population-E, 58 (4-5), pp. 559-578; 
Sardon, J.-P., "Recent demographic trends in the developed countries" (2004) Population-E, 59 (2), pp. 263-314; 
Thierry, X., "Recent immigration trends in France and elements for a comparison with the United Kingdom" (2004) Population-E, 59 (5), pp. 635-672; 
Vilain, A., "Les interruptions volontaires de grossesse en 2002" (2004) Ébudes Et Résultats, p. 348
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33750575370&doi=10.2307%2f3654919&partnerID=40&md5=7fa902da7d8243f4984bc3fc668c9277
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Thimerosal exposure in infants and developmental disorders: A retrospective cohort study in the United Kingdom does not support a causal association
T2  - Pediatrics
J2  - Pediatrics
VL  - 114
IS  - 3
SP  - 584
EP  - 591
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1542/peds.2003-1177-L
SN  - 00314005 (ISSN) 
AU  - Andrews, N.
AU  - Miller, E.
AU  - Grant, A.
AU  - Stowe, J.
AU  - Osborne, V.
AU  - Taylor, B.
AD  - Statistics Unit, Health Protection Agency, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Immunisation Department, Health Protection Agency, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Centre for Community Child Health, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Morbidity and Health Care Team, Office for National Statistics, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Immunisation Department, Health Protection Agency, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, 61 Colindale Ave, London NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective. After concerns about the possible toxicity of thimerosal-containing vaccines in the United States, this study was designed to investigate whether there is a relationship between the amount of thimerosal that an infant receives via diphtheria-tetanus-whole-cell pertussis (DTP) or diphtheria-tetanus (DT) vaccination at a young age and subsequent neurodevelopmental disorders. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was performed using 109 863 children who were born from 1988 to 1997 and were registered in general practices in the United Kingdom that contributed to a research database. The disorders investigated were general developmental disorders, language or speech delay, tics, attention-deficit disorder, autism, unspecified developmental delays, behavior problems, encopresis, and enuresis. Exposure was defined according to the number of DTP/DT doses received by 3 and 4 months of age and also the cumulative age-specific DTP/DT exposure by 6 months. Each DTP/DT dose of vaccine contains 50 μg of thimerosal (25 μg of ethyl mercury). Hazard ratios (HRs) for the disorders were calculated per dose of DTP/DT vaccine or per unit of cumulative DTP/DT exposure. Results. Only in 1 analysis for tics was there some evidence of a higher risk with increasing doses (Cox's HR: 1.50 per dose at 4 months; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-2.20). Statistically significant negative associations with increasing doses at 4 months were found for general developmental disorders (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81-0.93), unspecified developmental delay (HR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.69-0.92), and attention-deficit disorder (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.64-0.98). For the other disorders, there was no evidence of an association with thimerosal exposure. Conclusions. With the possible exception of tics, there was no evidence that thimerosal exposure via DTP/DT vaccines causes neurodevelopmental disorders. Copyright © 2004 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.
KW  - Cohort study
KW  - Neurodevelopment
KW  - Safety
KW  - Thimerosal
KW  - Thiomersal
KW  - Vaccines
KW  - diphtheria pertussis tetanus Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
KW  - diphtheria tetanus vaccine
KW  - ethylmercury derivative
KW  - thiomersal
KW  - diphtheria pertussis tetanus vaccine
KW  - diphtheria tetanus vaccine
KW  - preservative
KW  - thiomersal
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - attention deficit disorder
KW  - autism
KW  - behavior disorder
KW  - birth
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - confidence interval
KW  - controlled study
KW  - data base
KW  - developmental disorder
KW  - disease association
KW  - dose calculation
KW  - drug research
KW  - drug safety
KW  - enuresis
KW  - feces incontinence
KW  - general practice
KW  - health hazard
KW  - high risk patient
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - language disability
KW  - nerve cell differentiation
KW  - perinatal drug exposure
KW  - priority journal
KW  - register
KW  - retrospective study
KW  - speech disorder
KW  - statistical significance
KW  - tic
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - attention deficit disorder
KW  - autism
KW  - chemically induced disorder
KW  - developmental disorder
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - language disability
KW  - male
KW  - multivariate analysis
KW  - proportional hazards model
KW  - speech disorder
KW  - survival
KW  - tic
KW  - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
KW  - Autistic Disorder
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Developmental Disabilities
KW  - Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine
KW  - Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Language Disorders
KW  - Male
KW  - Multivariate Analysis
KW  - Preservatives, Pharmaceutical
KW  - Proportional Hazards Models
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Speech Disorders
KW  - Survival Analysis
KW  - Thimerosal
KW  - Tics
N1  - Cited By :135
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PEDIA
C2  - 15342825
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Miller, E.; Immunisation Department, Health Protection Agency, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, 61 Colindale Ave, London NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom; email: liz.miller@hpa.org.uk
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: thiomersal, 54-64-8; Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; Preservatives, Pharmaceutical; Thimerosal, 54-64-8
N1  - References: Winship, K.A., Organic mercury compounds and their toxicity (1986) Adv Drug React Ac Pois Rev, 3, pp. 141-180; 
Pichichero, M.E., Cernichiari, E., Lopreiato, J., Treanot, J., Mercury concentrations and metabolism in infants receiving vaccines containing thiomersal: A descriptive study (2002) Lancet, 360, pp. 1737-1741; 
Freed, G.L., Andreae, M.C., Cowan, A.E., Katz, S.L., The process of public policy formulation: The case of thimerosal in vaccines (2002) Pediatrics, 109, pp. 1153-1159; 
Thimerosal in vaccines: A joint statement by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Public Health Service (1999) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 48, pp. 563-565; 
Thiomersal as a vaccine preservative (2000) Wkly Epidemiol Rec, 75, pp. 12-16; 
(2001) Immunization Safety Review: Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines and Neurodevelopmental Disorders, , www.nap.edu/openbook/0309076366/html/19.html; 
Chen, R.T., Glasser, J., Rhodes, P., The vaccine safety data link project. A new tool for improving vaccine safety monitoring in the United States (1997) Pediatrics, 99, pp. 765-773; 
Safety of thiomersal-containing vaccines (2002) Wkly Epidemiol Rec, 77, p. 390; 
Lawson, D.H., Sherman, V., Hollowell, J., The General Practice Research Database (1998) Q J Med, 91, pp. 445-452; 
Walley, T., Mantgani, A., The UK General Practice Research Database (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1097-1099; 
Heron, J., Golding, J., Thimerosal exposure in infants and developmental disorders: A prospective cohort study does not support a causal association (2004) Pediatrics, 114, pp. 577-583; 
(2001) S-Plus 6 for Windows Guide to Statistics, 1. , Seattle, WA: Insightful Corp; 
Verstraeten, T., Davis, R., DeStefano, F., Safety of thimerosal-containing vaccines: A two-phased study of computerized health maintenance organization databases (2003) Pediatrics, 112, pp. 1039-1048; 
Van Staa, T.-D., Abenhaim, L., The quality of information recorded on a UK database of primary care records: A study of hospitalizations due to hypoglycaemia and other conditions (1994) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 3, pp. 15-21; 
Jick, H.J., Jick, S.S., Derby, L.E., Validation of information recorded on general practitioner based computerized data resource in the UK (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 766-778; 
Black, C., Kaye, J.A., Jick, H., Relation of childhood gastrointestinal disorders to autism: Nested case-control study using data from the UK General Practice Research Database (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 419-421; 
Osborn, A.F., Butler, N.R., Morris, A.C., (1984) The Social Life of Britain's Five Year Olds. A Report of the Child Health and Education Study, , London, United Kingdom: Routledge and Kegan Paul; 
Hviid, A., Stellfeld, M., Wohlfahrt, J., Melbye, M., Association between thimerosal-containing vaccine and autism (2003) JAMA, 290, pp. 1763-1766
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4344620583&doi=10.1542%2fpeds.2003-1177-L&partnerID=40&md5=ee9c6c362c3d349dc9e8422f85f8d9d3
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Risk factors for fracture in a UK population: A prospective cohort study
T2  - QJM - Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians
J2  - QJM Mon. J. Assoc. Phys.
VL  - 97
IS  - 9
SP  - 569
EP  - 574
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1093/qjmed/hch097
SN  - 14602725 (ISSN) 
AU  - Porthouse, J.
AU  - Birks, Y.F.
AU  - Torgerson, D.J.
AU  - Cockayne, S.
AU  - Puffer, S.
AU  - Watt, I.
AD  - York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
AB  - Background: Common clinical risk factors for fracture in older women have been identified. To date, most of these risk factors have not been confirmed in a UK population. Aim: To confirm the important risk factors for fracture in older women. Design: Comprehensive cohort study (CCS) with a nested randomized controlled trial. Methods: The CCS included 4292 women aged >70 years. We assessed potential risk factors for fracture, and followed-up participants for 24 months for incidence of non-vertebral fractures. Results: Odds ratios (ORs) for predicting any non-vertebral fracture were: previous fracture, 2.67 (95%CI 2.10-3.40); a fall in the last 12 months, 2.06 (95%CI 1.63-2.59); and age (per year increase), 1.03 (95%CI 1.01-1.05). ORs for predicting hip fracture were: previous fracture, 2.31 (95%CI 1.31-4.08); low body weight (<58 kg), 2.20 (95%CI 1.28-3.77); maternal history of hip fracture, 1.68 (95%CI 0.85-3.31); a fall in the last 12 months, 2.92 (95%CI 1.70-5.01); and age (per year increase), 1.09 (95%CI 1.04-1.13). ORs for predicting wrist fracture were: previous fracture, 2.29 (95%CI 1.56-3.34); and a fall in the last 12 months, 1.60 (95%CI 1.10-2.31). Being a current smoker was not associated with an increase in risk, and was consistent across all fracture types. Discussion: Older women with the clinical risk factors identified in this study should be investigated for osteoporosis or offered preventive treatment. © Association of Physicians 2004; all rights reserved.
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - body weight
KW  - clinical trial
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - controlled study
KW  - falling
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - fragility fracture
KW  - hip fracture
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - osteoporosis
KW  - population research
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prospective study
KW  - randomized controlled trial
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - risk factor
KW  - smoking
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - wrist fracture
KW  - Accidental Falls
KW  - Aged
KW  - Body Weight
KW  - England
KW  - Family Health
KW  - Female
KW  - Fractures, Bone
KW  - Hip Fractures
KW  - Humans
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Recurrence
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Wrist Injuries
N1  - Cited By :42
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: QMJPF
C2  - 15317925
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Porthouse, J.; York Trials Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; email: jp38@york.ac.uk
N1  - References: Schurch, M.A., Rizzoli, R., Mermillod, B., Vasey, H., Michel, J.P., Bonjour, J.P., A prospective study on the socio-economic aspects of fracture of the proximal femur (1996) J. Bone Min. Res., 11, pp. 1935-1942; 
Dolan, P., Torgerson, D.J., The cost of treating osteoporotic fractures in the United Kingdom female population (1998) Osteoporosis Int., 8, pp. 611-617; 
Torgerson, D.J., Iglesias, C.P., Reid, D.M., The economics of fracture prevention (2000) Key Advances in the Effective Management of Osteoporosis, , Barlow D, Francis R, Miles A, eds. London, Aesculapius Medical Press; 
Marshall, D., Johnell, O., Wedel, H., Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures (1996) Br. Med. J., 312, pp. 1254-1259; 
Kanis, J.A., Delmas, P., Burckhardt, P., Cooper, C., Torgerson, D., Guidelines for diagnosis and management of osteoporosis (1997) Osteoporosis Int., 7, pp. 390-406; 
(1999) Clinical Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis, , Royal College of Physicians. London, RCP; 
Cummings, S.R., Nevitt, M.C., Browner, W.S., Stone, K., Fox, K., Ensrud, K.E., Risk factors for hip fracture in white women (1995) N. Engl. J. Med., 332, pp. 767-773. , for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group; 
Eddy, D.M., Johnston, C.C., Cummings, S.R., Dawson-Hughes, B., Lindsay, R., Melton, L.J., Osteoporosis: Cost-effectiveness analysis and review of the evidence for prevention, diagnosis and treatment (1997) Osteoporosis Int., 2 (SUPPL.), pp. 1-72; 
McGrother, C.W., Donaldson, M.M.K., Clayton, D., Abrams, K.R., Clarke, M., Evaluation of a hip fracture risk score for assessing elderly women: The Melton osteoporotic fracture (MOF) study (2002) Osteoporosis Int., 13, pp. 89-96; 
van Staa, T.P., Leufkens, H.G.M., Cooper, C., Does a fracture at one site predict later fractures at other sites? A British cohort study (2002) Osteoporosis Int., 13, pp. 624-629; 
Appraisal Consultation Document: Technologies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women (2004), National Institute for Clinical Excellence; Birks, Y.F., Porthouse, J., Addie, C., Loughney, K., Saxon, L., Baverstock, M., Randomised Controlled Trial of Hip Protectors among Women Living in the Community (2004) Osteoporosis Int., , the Primary Care Hip Protector Trial Group. in press; 
Black, D.M., Arden, N.K., Palermo, L., Pearson, J., Cummings, S.R., Prevalent vertebral deformities predict hip fractures and new vertebral deformities but not wrist fractures (1999) J. Bone Min. Res., 14, pp. 821-828. , for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group; 
Fox, K.M., Cummings, S.R., Powell-Threets, K., Stone, K., Family history and risk of osteoporotic fracture (1998) Osteoporosis Int., 8, pp. 557-562. , for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group; 
Ensrud, K.E., Lipschutz, R.C., Cauley, J.A., Seeley, D., Nevitt, M.C., Scott, J., Body size and hip fracture risk in older women: A prospective study (1997) Am. J. Med., 103, pp. 275-280. , for the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group; 
Dargent-Molina, P., Poitiers, F., Breart, G., In elderly women weight is the best predictor of a very low bone mineral density: Evidence from the EPIDOS study (2000) Osteoporosis Int., 11, pp. 881-888. , for the EPIDOS Group; 
Vestergaard, P., Mosekilde, L., Fracture risk associated with smoking: A meta-analysis (2003) J. Intern. Med., 254, pp. 572-583; 
Law, M.R., Hackshaw, A.K., A meta-analysis of cigarette smoking, bone mineral density and risk of hip fracture: Recognition of a major effect (1997) Br. Med. J., 315, pp. 841-846; 
Nguyen, T.V., Center, J.R., Sambrook, P.N., Eisman, J.A., Risk factors for proximal humerus, forearm, and wrist fractures in elderly men and women (2001) Am. J. Epidemiol., 153, pp. 587-595; 
Dargent-Molina, P., Douchin, M.N., Cormier, C., Meunier, P.J., Breart, G., Use of clinical risk factors in elderly women with low bone mineral density to identify women at higher risk of hip fracture: The EPIDOS prospective study (2002) Osteoporosis Int., 13, pp. 593-599. , for the EPIDOS study group; 
Vogt, M.T., Cauley, J.A., Tomaino, M.M., Stone, K., Williams, J.R., Herndon, J.H., Distal radius fractures in older women: A 10-year follow-up study of descriptive characteristics and risk factors. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (2002) J. Am. Geriat. Soc., 50, pp. 97-103; 
Black, D.M., Steinbuch, M., Palermo, L., Dargent-Molina, P., Lindsay, R., Hoseyni, M.S., An assessment tool for predicting fracture risk in postmenopausal women (2001) Osteoporosis Int., 12, pp. 519-528; 
Pal, B., Questionnaire survey of advice given to patients with fractures (1999) Br. Med. J., 318, pp. 500-501; 
Torgerson, D.J., Dolan, P., Prescribing by general practitioners after an osteoporotic fracture (1998) Ann. Rheum. Dis., 57, pp. 378-379; 
Bergmann, M., Byers, T., Freedman, D.S., Mokdad, A., Validity of self-reported diagnoses leading to hospitalization: A comparison of self-reports with hospital records in a prospective study of American adults (1998) Am. J. Epidemiol., 147, pp. 969-977; 
Bush, T.L., Miller, S.R., Golden, A.L., Hale, W.E., Self-report and medical record report agreement of selected medical conditions in the elderly (1989) Am. J. Public Health, 79, pp. 1554-1556; 
Colditz, G.A., Martin, P., Stampfer, M.J., Willett, W.C., Sampson, L., Rosner, B., Validation of questionnaire information on risk factors and disease outcomes in a prospective cohort of women (1986) Am. J. Epidemiol., 123, pp. 894-900; 
O'Neill, T.W., Cockerill, W., Finn, J.B., Cannata, J.B., Hoszowski, K., Validity of self-report of fractures: Results from a prospective study in men and women across Europe (2000) Osteoporosis Int., 11, pp. 248-254. , AA; 
Nevitt, M.C., Cummings, S.R., Browner, W.S., Seeley, D.G., Canley, J.A., Vogt, T.M., The accuracy of self-report of fractures in elderly women: Evidence from a prospective study (1992) Am. J. Epidemiol., 135, pp. 490-499
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4544314130&doi=10.1093%2fqjmed%2fhch097&partnerID=40&md5=16404f623d8344fe77e5471f7a8501d5
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The wage effects of obesity: A longitudinal study
T2  - Health Economics
J2  - Health Econ.
VL  - 13
IS  - 9
SP  - 885
EP  - 899
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1002/hec.881
SN  - 10579230 (ISSN) 
AU  - Baum II, C.L.
AU  - Ford, W.F.
AD  - Economics and Finance Department, Middle Tennessee State University, Box 27, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, United States
AB  - We use National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) data to examine the effects of obesity on wages by gender. Sample means indicate that both men and women experience a persistent obesity wage penalty over the first two decades of their careers. We then control for a standard set of socioeconomic and familial variables but find that standard covariates do not explain why obese workers experience persistent wage penalties. This suggests that other variables - including job discrimination, health-related factors and/or obese workers' behavior patterns - may be the channels through which obesity adversely affects wages. The study closes with a discussion of the public policy implications suggested by these findings. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
KW  - Body mass index
KW  - Discrimination
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Wages
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - body mass
KW  - career
KW  - controlled study
KW  - employment
KW  - experience
KW  - family life
KW  - female
KW  - health status
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - job performance
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - male
KW  - obesity
KW  - policy
KW  - priority journal
KW  - salary
KW  - sex difference
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - worker
KW  - Activities of Daily Living
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Bias (Epidemiology)
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Causality
KW  - Cost of Illness
KW  - Efficiency
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Behavior
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Humans
KW  - Least-Squares Analysis
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Models, Econometric
KW  - Multivariate Analysis
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Predictive Value of Tests
KW  - Prejudice
KW  - Salaries and Fringe Benefits
KW  - Sex Distribution
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :195
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: HEECE
C2  - 15362180
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Baum II, C.L.; Economics and Finance Department, Middle Tennessee State University, Box 27, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, United States; email: cbaum@mtsu.edu
N1  - References: Rundle, R.A., Obesity tops smoking for medical costs (2003) Wall Street J., 12, pp. B7. , March; 
Philipson, T., The world-wide growth in obesity: An economic research agenda (2001) Health Econ., 10, pp. 1-7; 
Sturm, R., The effects of obesity, smoking, and drinking on medical problems and costs (2002) Health Affairs, 21, pp. 245-253; 
Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Perrin, J.M., Sobol, A.M., Dietz, W.H., Social and economic consequences of overweight in adolescence and young adulthood (1993) New Engl. J. Med., 329, pp. 1008-1012; 
Averett, S., Korenman, S., The economic reality of the beauty myth (1996) J. Hum. Res., 31, pp. 304-330; 
Harper, B., Beauty, stature, and the labour market (2000) Oxford Bull. Econ. Statist., 62, pp. 771-800; 
Register, C.A., Williams, D.R., Wage effects of obesity among young workers (1990) Soc. Sci. Q., 71, pp. 130-141; 
Loh, E.S., The economic effects of physical appearance (1993) Soc. Sci. Q., 74, pp. 420-438; 
Pagan, J.A., Davila, A., Obesity, occupational attainment, and earnings (1997) Soc. Sci. Q., 78, pp. 756-770; 
Levine, P.B., Gustafson, T.A., Velenchik, A.D., More bad news for smokers? The effects of cigarette smoking on wages (1997) Ind. Lab. Relat. Rev., 50, pp. 493-509; 
Kaestner, R., The effect of illicit drug use on the wages of young adults (1991) J. Lab. Econ., 9, pp. 381-412; 
Register, C.A., Williams, D.R., Labor market effects of marijuana and cocaine use among young men (1992) Ind. Lab. Relat. Rev., 45, pp. 435-448; 
Gill, A.M., Michaels, R.J., Does drug use lower wages? (1992) Ind. Lab. Relat. Rev., 45, pp. 419-434; 
Berger, M.C., Leigh, J.P., The effect of alcohol use on wages (1988) Appl. Econ., 20, pp. 1343-1351; 
Oaxaca, R., Male-female wage differentials in urban markets (1973) Int. Econ. Rev., 14, pp. 694-709; 
Blau, F.D., Ferber, M., Discrimination: Empirical evidence from the United States (1987) Am. Econ. Rev., 77, pp. 316-320; 
(1996) NSLY79 1996 Users' Guide, , Center for Human Resource Research. The Ohio State University: Columbus, OH; 
(1983) The Statistical Bulletin of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 64, pp. 2-9. , Metropolitan Life Insurance Company of New York; 
England, P., The failure of human capital theory to explain occupational sex segregation (1982) J. Hum. Res., 17, pp. 358-370; 
Becker, G., Murphy, K., A theory of rational addiction (1988) J. Polit. Econ., 96, pp. 675-700
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4644247412&doi=10.1002%2fhec.881&partnerID=40&md5=826e4e9290ca2cca2d8c806764523325
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Estimating the beginning of the waterpipe epidemic in Syria
T2  - BMC Public Health
J2  - BMC Public Health
VL  - 4
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1186/1471-2458-4-32
SN  - 14712458 (ISSN) 
AU  - Rastam, S.
AU  - Ward, K.D.
AU  - Eissenberg, T.
AU  - Maziak, W.
AD  - Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
AD  - Center for Community Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
AD  - Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
AD  - Inst. of Epidemiol. and Social Med., University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
AB  - Background: Waterpipe smoking is becoming a global public health problem, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). Methods: We try in this study, which is a cross sectional survey among a representative sample of waterpipe smokers in cafes/restaurants in Aleppo-Syria, to assess the time period for the beginning of this new smoking hype. We recruited 268 waterpipe smokers (161 men, 107 women; mean age ± standard deviation (SD) 30.1 ± 10.2, response rate 95.3%). Participants were divided into 4 birth cohorts (≤ 1960, 1961-1970, 1971-1980, >1980) and year of initiation of waterpipe smoking and daily cigarette smoking were plotted according to these birth cohorts. Results: Data indicate that unlike initiation of cigarette smoking, which shows a clear age-related pattern, the nineties was the starting point for most of waterpipe smoking implicating this time period for the beginning of the waterpipe epidemic in Syria. Conclusion: The introduction of new flavored and aromatic waterpipe tobacco (Maassel), and the proliferation of satellite and electronic media during the nineties may have helped spread the new hype all over the Arab World.
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - birth
KW  - catering service
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - cultural anthropology
KW  - epidemic
KW  - female
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - review
KW  - sample
KW  - smoking
KW  - Syrian Arab Republic
KW  - waterpipe smoking
PB  - BioMed Central Ltd.
N1  - Cited By :68
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
C7  - 32
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Maziak, W.; Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
N1  - References: Maziak, W., Eissenberg, T., Klesges, R.C., Keil, U., Ward, K.D., Adapting smoking cessation interventions for developing countries: A model for the Middle East (2004) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 8 (4), pp. 403-413. , [PubMed Abstract] Return to citation in text: [1] [2]; 
Maziak, W., Ward, K.D., Afifi Soweid, R.A., Eissenberg, T., Tobacco smoking using a waterpipe: A re-emerging strain in a global epidemic (2004) Tobacco Control, , in press. Return to citation in text: [1]; 
Maziak, W., Fouad, M.F., Hammal, F., Asfar, T., Bachir, E.M., Rastam, S., Eissenberg, T.E., Ward, K.D., Prevalence and characteristics of narghile smoking among university students in Aleppo, Syria (2004) Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 8, pp. 882-889. , [PubMed Abstract] Return to citation in text: [1]; 
Chaaya, M., Awwad, J., Campbell, O.M., Sibai, A., Kaddour, A., Demographic and psychosocial profile of smoking among pregnant women in Lebanon: Public health implications (2003) Matern Child Health J, 7 (3), pp. 179-186. , [PubMed Abstract] [Publisher Full Text]; 
Tamim, H., Terro, A., Kassem, H., Ghazi, A., Khamis, T.A., Hay, M.M., Musharrafieh, U., Tobacco use by university students, Lebanon, 2001 (2003) Addiction, 98 (7), pp. 933-939. , [PubMed Abstract][Publisher Full Text]; 
Maziak, W., Eissenberg, T., Asfar, T., Rastam, S., Hammal, F., Bachir, M.E., Fouad, M.F., Ward, K.D., Beliefs and attitudes related to narghile smoking among university students in Syria (2004) Ann Epidemiol, , in press. Return to citation in text: [1] [2] [3]; 
The global youth tobacco survey collaborative group: Tobacco use among youth: A cross-country comparison (2002) Tob Cont, 11, pp. 252-270. , [Publisher Full Text] Return to citation in text: [1]; 
Bedwani, R., El-Khwsky, F., Renganathan, E., Braga, C., Abu Seif, H.H., Abul Azm, T., Zaki, A., La Vecchia, C., Epidemiology of bladder cancer in Alexandria, Egypt: Tobacco smoking (1997) Int J Cancer, 73, pp. 64-67. , [PubMed Abstract][Publisher Full Text] Return to citation in text: [1]; 
Gupta, P.C., Murti, P.R., Bhonsle, R.B., Epidemiology of cancer by tobacco products and the significance of TSNA (1996) Crit Rev Toxicol, 26, pp. 183-198. , [PubMed Abstract] Return to citation in text: [1]; 
Jabbour, S., El-Roueiheb, Z., Sibai, A.M., Narghile (water-pipe) smoking and incident coronary heart disease: A case-control study (2003) Ann Epidemiol, 13, p. 570. , [Publisher Full Text] Return to citation in text: [1]; 
Kiter, G., Ucan, E.S., Ceylan, E., Kilinc, O., Water-pipe smoking and pulmonary functions (2000) Respir Med, 94, pp. 891-894. , [PubMed Abstract] [Publisher Full Text] Return to citation in text: [1]; 
Maziak, W., Eissenberg, T.E., Ward, K.D., Factors related to level of narghile use: The first insights on tobacco dependence in narghile users (2004) Drug Alcohol Depend, , in press. Return to citation in text: [1]; 
Kandela, P., Nargile smoking keeps Arabs in wonderland (2000) Lancet, 356, p. 1175. , [PubMed Abstract] Return to citation in text: [1]; 
Shafagoj, Y.A., Mohammed, F.I., Levels of maximum end-expiratory carbon monoxide and certain cardiovascular parameters following hubble-bubble smoking (2002) Saud Med J, 23, pp. 953-958. , Return to citation in text: [1]; 
Shihadeh, A., Investigation of mainstream smoke aerosol of the argileh water pipe (2003) Food Chem Toxicol, 41, pp. 143-152. , [PubMed Abstract] [Publisher Full Text] Return to citation in text: [1]
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4544327826&doi=10.1186%2f1471-2458-4-32&partnerID=40&md5=bc415a5dcf46a56ed6ea03a69f4e6519
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Estimating the beginning of the waterpipe epidemic in Syria
T2  - BMC public health
J2  - BMC Public Health
VL  - 4
SP  - 32
PY  - 2004
SN  - 14712458 (ISSN) 
AU  - Rastam, S.
AU  - Ward, K.D.
AU  - Eissenberg, T.
AU  - Maziak, W.
AD  - Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria. samer@scts-sy.org
AB  - BACKGROUND: Waterpipe smoking is becoming a global public health problem, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR).
METHODS: We try in this study, which is a cross sectional survey among a representative sample of waterpipe smokers in cafes/restaurants in Aleppo-Syria, to assess the time period for the beginning of this new smoking hype. We recruited 268 waterpipe smokers (161 men, 107 women; mean age +/- standard deviation (SD) 30.1 +/- 10.2, response rate 95.3%). Participants were divided into 4 birth cohorts (</= 1960, 1961-1970, 1971-1980, >1980) and year of initiation of waterpipe smoking and daily cigarette smoking were plotted according to these birth cohorts.
RESULTS: Data indicate that unlike initiation of cigarette smoking, which shows a clear age-related pattern, the nineties was the starting point for most of waterpipe smoking implicating this time period for the beginning of the waterpipe epidemic in Syria.
CONCLUSION: The introduction of new flavored and aromatic waterpipe tobacco (Maassel), and the proliferation of satellite and electronic media during the nineties may have helped spread the new hype all over the Arab World.
KW  - water
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - attitude to health
KW  - catering service
KW  - comparative study
KW  - cross-sectional study
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - middle aged
KW  - perception
KW  - psychology
KW  - sex difference
KW  - smoking
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - Syrian Arab Republic
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Restaurants
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Social Perception
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Syria
KW  - Water
N1  - Cited By :17
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 15294023
LA  - English
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: water, 7732-18-5; Water
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84898231577&partnerID=40&md5=e95a53bd3c26a5ff635f26d36fd56928
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Is the association of birth weight with premenopausal breast cancer risk mediated through childhood growth?
T2  - British Journal of Cancer
J2  - Br. J. Cancer
VL  - 91
IS  - 3
SP  - 519
EP  - 524
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601972
SN  - 00070920 (ISSN) 
AU  - Dos Santos Silva, I.
AU  - De Stavola, B.L.
AU  - Hardy, R.J.
AU  - Kuh, D.J.
AU  - McCormack, V.A.
AU  - Wadsworth, M.E.J.
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pop. Health, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC Natl. Surv. of Hlth. and Devmt., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, University College, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
AB  - Several studies have found positive associations between birth weight and breast cancer risk at premenopausal ages. The mechanisms underlying this association are not known, but it is possible that it may be mediated through childhood growth. We examined data from a British cohort of 2176 women born in 1946 and for whom there were prospective measurements of birth weight and of body size throughout life. In all, 59 breast cancer cases occurred during follow-up, 21 of whom were known to be premenopausal. Women who weighed at least 4 kg at birth were five times (relative risk (RR) = 5.03; 95% confidence interval = 1.13, 22.5) more likely to develop premenopausal breast cancer than those who weighed less than 3 kg (P-value for linear trend = 0.03). This corresponded to an RR of 2.31 (0.95, 5.64) per 1 kg increase in birth weight. Birth weight was also a predictor of postnatal growth, that is, women who were heavy at birth remained taller and heavier throughout their childhood and young adulthood. However, the effect of birth weight on premenopausal breast cancer risk was only reduced slightly after simultaneous adjustment for height and body mass index (BMI) at age 2 years and height and BMI velocities throughout childhood and adolescence (adjusted RR = 1.94 (0.74, 5.14) per 1 kg increase in birth weight). The pathways through which birth weight is associated with premenopausal breast cancer risk seem to be largely independent of those underlying the relation of postnatal growth to risk. © 2004 Cancer Research UK.
KW  - Birth weight
KW  - Body mass index
KW  - Breast cancer
KW  - Growth
KW  - Height
KW  - Menarche
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - body mass
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - child
KW  - child growth
KW  - childhood
KW  - confidence interval
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - height
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - measurement
KW  - menarche
KW  - premenopause
KW  - priority journal
KW  - velocity
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Body Weight
KW  - Breast Neoplasms
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Development
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Menarche
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Premenopause
KW  - Risk Factors
N1  - Cited By :46
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJCAA
C2  - 15266328
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Dos Santos Silva, I.; Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pop. Health, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; email: isabel.silva@lshtm.ac.uk
N1  - Funding details: G9819083, Research Councils UK, Research Councils UK
N1  - Funding text: The MRC National Survey of Health and Development is funded by the UK Medical Research Council. This work was conducted within the MRC Co-Operative on ‘Life-course and trans-generational influences on disease risk’ (Grant No. G9819083).
N1  - References: Clayton, D., Hills, M., Statistical Methods in Epidemiology (1993) Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
De Stavola, B.L., Dos Santos Silva, I., McCormack, V., Hardy, R.J., Kuh, D.J., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Childhood growth and breast cancer (2004) Am J Epidemiol, 159, pp. 671-682; 
De Stavola, B.L., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Dos Santos Silva, I., Wadsworth, M., Swerdlow, A.J., Birth weight, childhood growth and risk of breast cancer in a British birth cohort (2000) Br J Cancer, 83, pp. 964-968; 
Santos Silva, I., De Stavola, B.L., Mann, V., Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Prenatal factors, childhood growth trajectories and age at menarche (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 405-412; 
Ekbom, A., Trichopoulos, D., Adami, H.-O., Hsieh, C.-C., Lan, S.-J., Evidence of prenatal influences on breast cancer risk (1992) Lancet, 340, pp. 1015-1018; 
Hankinson, S.E., Willett, W.C., Colditz, G.A., Hunter, D.J., Michaud, D.S., Deroo, B., Rosner, B., Pollak, M., Circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I and risk of breast cancer (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 1393-1396; 
Hsieh, C.C., Trichopoulos, D., Katsouyanni, K., Yuasa, S., Age at menarche, age at menopause, height and obesity as risk factors for breast cancer: Associations and interactions in an international case-control study (1990) Int J Cancer, 46, pp. 796-800; 
Hübinette, A., Lichtenstein, P., Ekbom, A., Cnattingius, S., Birth characteristics and breast cancer risk: A study among like-sexed twins (2001) Int J Cancer, 91, pp. 248-251; 
Innes, K., Byers, T., Schymura, M., Birth characteristics and subsequent risk for breast cancer in very young women (2000) Am J Epidemiol, 152, pp. 1121-1128; 
Kaaks, R., Lundin, E., Manjer, J., Rinaldi, S., Biessy, C., Söderberg, S., Lenner, P., Hallmans, G., Prospective study of IGF-I, IGF-binding proteins, and breast cancer risk, in northern and southern Sweden (2002) Cancer Causes Control, 13, pp. 307-316; 
Kaijser, M., Litchtenstein, P., Granath, F., Erlandsson, G., Cnattingius, S., Ekbom, A., In utero exposures and breast cancer: A study of opposite-sexed twins (2001) J Natl Cancer Inst, 93, pp. 60-62; 
Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Women's health in midlife: Findings from a British birth cohort study (2003) J Br Menop Soc, 9, pp. 55-60; 
Luo, Z.C., Cheung, Y.B., He, Q., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Karlberg, J., Growth in early life and its relation to pubertal growth (2003) Epidemiology, 14, pp. 65-73; 
McCormack, V.A., Dos Santos Silva, I., De Stavola, B.L., Moshen, R., Leon, D., Lithell, H.O., Foetal growth and subsequent risk of breast cancer: Results from a long-term follow-up of a Swedish cohort of over 5000 women (2003) BMJ, 326, pp. 248-251; 
Michels, K.B., Trichopoulos, D., Robins, J.M., Rosner, B.A., Manson, J.E., Hunter, D.J., Colditz, G.A., Willett, W.C., Birth weight as a risk factor for breast cancer (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1542-1546; 
Sanderson, M., Williams, M.A., Malone, K.E., Stanford, J.L., Emanuel, I., White, E., Daling, J.R., Perinatal factors and the risk of breast cancer (1996) Epidemiology, 7, pp. 34-37; 
Schafer, J.L., Multiple imputation: A primer (1999) Stat Methods Med Res, 8, pp. 3-15; 
Sørensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Rothman, K.J., Gillman, M., Steffensen, F.H., Fischer, P., Sørensen, T.I., Birth weight and length as predictors for adult height (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 149, pp. 726-729; 
Tanner, J.M., (1989) Foetus into Man. Physical Growth from Conception to Maturity, 2nd Edn., , Ware (Herts): Castlemead Publications; 
Endogenous sex hormones and breast cancer in postmenopausal women: Re-analysis of nine prospective studies (2002) J Natl Cancer Inst, 94, pp. 606-616; 
Thomas, H.V., Key, T.J., Allen, D.S., Moore, J.W., Dowsett, M., Fentiman, I.S., Wang, D.Y., A prospective study of endogenous serum hormone concentrations and breast cancer risk in premenopausal women in the island of Guernsey (1997) Br J Cancer, 75, pp. 1075-1079; 
Titus-Ernstoff, L., Egan, K.M., Newcomb, P.A., Ding, J., Trentham-Dietz, A., Greenberg, E.R., Baron, J.A., Willett, W.C., Early life factors in relation to breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women (2002) Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev, 11, pp. 207-210; 
Toniolo, P., Brunning, P.F., Akhmedkhanov, A., Bonfrer, J.M., Koenig, K.L., Lukanova, A., Shore, R.E., Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, Serum insulin-like growth factor-I and breast cancer (2000) Int J Cancer, 88, pp. 828-832; 
Trichopoulos, D., Hypothesis: Does breast cancer originate in utero? (1990) Lancet, 335, pp. 939-940; 
Trichopoulos, D., Intrauterine environment, mammary gland mass and breast cancer risk (2003) Breast Cancer Res, 5, pp. 42-44; 
Tuvemo, T., Cnattingius, S., Jonsson, B., Prediction of male adult stature using anthropometric data at birth: A nationwide population-based study (1999) Pediatr Res, 46, pp. 491-495; 
Vach, W., Blettner, M., Missing data in epidemiological studies (2000) Encyclopedia of Epidemiological Methods, pp. 598-612. , Gail MH, Benichou J (eds) New York: John Wiley; 
Van Den Brandt, P.A., Spiegelman, D., Yaun, S.-S., Adami, H.O., Beeson, L., Folsom, A.R., Fraser, G., Hunter, D.J., Pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies on height, weight, and breast cancer risk (2000) Am J Epidemiol, 152, pp. 514-527; 
Vatten, L.J., Mæhle, B.O., Lund Nilsen, T.I., Tretli, S., Hsieh, C.-C., Trichopoulos, D., Trichopoulos, D., Stuver, S.O., Birth weight as a predictor of breast cancer: A case-control study in Norway (2002) Br J Cancer, 86, pp. 89-91; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., Butterworth, S.L., Hardy, R.J., Kuh, D.J., Richards, M., Langenberg, C., Hilder, W.S., Connor, M., The life course prospective design; an example of benefits and problems associated with study longevity (2003) Soc Sci Med, 57, pp. 2193-2205; 
Yen, S.C.C., Endocrinology of pregnancy (1989) Journal Title: Maternal-Fetal Medicine, pp. 375-403. , Creasy RK, Resnic R (eds) Philadelphia: WB Saunders
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4143133439&doi=10.1038%2fsj.bjc.6601972&partnerID=40&md5=4677dbfa8760cb155f0dec07ced426a9
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Relation between children's height and outdoor air pollution from coal-burning sources in the British 1946 birth cohort
T2  - International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
J2  - Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health
VL  - 77
IS  - 6
SP  - 383
EP  - 386
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1007/s00420-004-0522-5
SN  - 03400131 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bobak, M.
AU  - Richards, M.
AU  - Wadsworth, M.
AD  - Intl. Centre for Health and Society, Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC National Survey of Health/Devmt., Dept. of Epiddemiology/Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective: Air pollution is associated with a number of health outcomes in childhood. In this study, we investigated whether air pollution is related to children's height. Methods: The 1946 British birth cohort study recruited 5,362 children born in 1 week in March 1946. Height was measured when the children were aged 2, 4, 6, 7, 11 and 15 years. Data on socio-economic conditions and other characteristics were obtained in interviews. Areas of children's residence were categorised into four groups of air pollution on the basis of published coal-consumption data. Results: After controlling for socio-economic factors, we found that air pollution was associated with children's height at several ages. The association, adjusted for socio-economic factors, was strongest at the age of 7 years, when children in the most polluted areas were 1.2 (95% confidence interval 0.5-1.8) cm shorter than those in the least polluted areas. After the age of 7 years the effect of air pollution diminished and disappeared by the age of 15 years. Further adjustment for birth weight and respiratory illness in childhood did not change this pattern. Conclusions: Children's height was inversely associated with air pollution, but the magnitude of the effect depended on age. However, the biological mechanisms linking children's growth with air pollution are not evident, and it remains to be confirmed whether the relationship is genuine and causal. © Springer-Verlag 2004.
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Children
KW  - Growth
KW  - Height
KW  - Outdoor
KW  - coal
KW  - adolescent
KW  - air pollution
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - body height
KW  - child
KW  - child growth
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - confidence interval
KW  - demography
KW  - energy resource
KW  - environmental exposure
KW  - female
KW  - health hazard
KW  - human
KW  - interview
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - respiratory tract disease
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Air Pollutants
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Coal
KW  - Cookery
KW  - Environmental Exposure
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Growth
KW  - Heating
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Linear Models
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
N1  - Cited By :7
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IAOHD
C2  - 15338223
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Bobak, M.; Intl. Centre for Health and Society, Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; email: m.bobak@ucl.ac.uk
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Air Pollutants; Coal
N1  - Funding details: RCUK, Research Councils UK
N1  - Funding text: Acknowledgements The study was funded by the UK Medical Research Council.
N1  - References: Berkey, C.S., Dockery, D.W., Wang, X., Wypij, D., Ferris, B.G., Height velocity standards for US adolescents (2003) Stat. Med., 12, pp. 403-414; 
Bobak, M., Outdoor air pollution, birth weight and prematurity (2000) Environ. Health Perspect., 108, pp. 173-176; 
Bobak, M., Leon, D.A., Air pollution and infant mortality in the Czech Republic, 1986-88 (1992) Lancet., 340, pp. 1010-1014; 
Bobak, M., Leon, D.A., The effect of air pollution on infant mortality appears specific for respiratory causes in the postneonatal period (1999) Epidemiology, 10, pp. 666-670; 
Bobak, M., Leon, D.A., Pregnancy outcomes and outdoor air pollution: An ecological study in districts of the Czech Republic 1986-1988 (1999) Occup. Environ. Med., 56, pp. 539-543; 
Bobak, M., Richards, M., Wadsworth, M., Air pollution and low birth weight in Britain in 1946 (2001) Epidemiology, 12, pp. 358-359; 
Health effects of outdoor air pollution (1996) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., 153, pp. 3-50. , Committee of the Environmental and Occupational Health Assembly of the American Thoracic Society; 
Dejmek, J., Selevan, S.G., Benes, I., Pilcik, T., Sram, R.J., Fetal growth and maternal exposure to particulate matter during pregnancy (1999) Environ. Health Perspect., 107, pp. 475-480; 
Douglas, J.W.B., Waller, R.E., Air pollution and respiratory infection in children (1966) Br. J. Prev. Soc. Med., 20, pp. 1-8; 
Eskenazi, B., Bergmann, J.J., Passive and active maternal smoking during pregnancy, as measured by serum cotinine, and postnatal smoke exposure. I. Effects on physical growth at age 5 years (1995) Am. J. Epidemiol., 142 (9 SUPPL.), pp. S10-S18; 
Goldstein, H., Factors influencing the height of seven-year-old children: Results from the National Child Development (1971) Study Hum. Biol., 43, pp. 92-111; 
Jedrychowski, W., Maugeri, U., Jedrychowska-Bianchi, I., Body growth rate in preadolescent children and outdoor air quality (2002) Environ. Res., 90, pp. 12-20; 
Lipfert, F.W., (1994) Air Pollution and Community Health. A Critical Review and Data Source Book, , 1st edn. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York; 
Pikhart, H., Bobak, M., Kriz, B., Air pollution and height of preschool children in the Czech Republic (2002) Epidemiology, 13 (SUPPL.), pp. S178. , (Abstract presented at the 14th Conference of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology in Vancouver, Canada, 11-15 August 2002); 
Raizenne, M., Dales, R., Burnett, R., Air pollution exposures and children's health (1998) Can. J. Public Health, 89 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S43-S53; 
Ritz, B., Yu, F., The effect of ambient carbon monoxide on low birth weight among children born in Southern California between 1989 and 1993 (1999) Environ. Health Perspect., 107, pp. 17-25; 
Ritz, B., Yu, F., Chapa, G., Fruin, S., Effect of air pollution on preterm birth among children born in Southern California between 1989-1993 (2000) Epidemiology, 11, pp. 502-511; 
Rona, R.J., Genetic and environmental factors in the control of growth in childhood (1981) Br. Me. Bull., 37, pp. 265-272; 
Schwela, D., Air pollution and health in urban areas (2000) Rev. Environ. Health, 15, pp. 13-42; 
Tanner, J.M., Davies, P., Clinical longitudinal standards for height and height velocity for North American children (1985) J. Pediatr., 107, pp. 317-328; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., The imprint of time: Childhood, history and adult life (1991), London Clarendon Press; Wadsworth, M.E.J., Butterworh, S.L., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Richards, M., Langenberg, C., Connor, M., The life course design: An example of benefits and problems associated with study longevity (2003) Soc. Sci. Med., 57, pp. 2193-2205; 
Woodruff, T.J., Grillo, J., Schoendorf, K.C., The relationship between selected causes of postneonatal infant mortality and particulate air pollution in the United States (1997) Environ. Health Perspect., 105, pp. 608-612
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4644297443&doi=10.1007%2fs00420-004-0522-5&partnerID=40&md5=0fef69dfa371fb4bf7f7bae4dd6826f2
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Birthweight and work participation in adulthood
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Int. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 33
IS  - 4
SP  - 849
EP  - 856
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1093/ije/dyh111
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kristensen, P.
AU  - Bjerkedal, T.
AU  - Irgens, L.M.
AD  - Natl. Inst. of Occupational Health, PO Box 8149, 0033 Oslo, Norway
AD  - Div. of Military Medical Res./Devmt., Joint Norwegian Medical Services, 0753 Oslo, Norway
AD  - Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Locus of Registry Based Epidemiology, University of Bergen, 5018 Bergen, Norway
AD  - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0403 Oslo, Norway
AB  - Background. In a number of studies, birthweight has been associated with cognition and educational attainment into adult age. However, the association is not clear between birthweight and work participation in adulthood. We investigated this association assessing to which extent it was influenced by circumstances concerning family background or disease in early life. Methods. Through linkage between several national registers containing personal information from birth into adult age we established a longitudinal, population-based cohort study. Study participants were all 308 829 singletons born in Norway in 1967-1971 as registered by the Medical Birth Registry of Norway who were national residents at age 29. The study outcome was unemployment defined as a lack of personal income among people who were not under education in the calendar year of their 29th birthday as registered by the National Insurance Administration and Statistics Norway. Results. Birthweight below the standardized mean was associated with unemployment. The risk of unemployment increased by decreasing birthweight for both women and men and also after adjustment for potential confounding factors. The association was evident both in people with or without social disadvantage, as well as people with or without childhood disease. Still, birthweight below the standardized mean explained much less of the unemployment risk than did social disadvantage (attributable fractions 8.0% versus 28.3% for women and 10.0% versus 40.2% for men). Conclusion. Birthweight below the standardized mean was independently associated with unemployment at age 29, also in the normal birthweight range. © International Epidemiological Association 2004; all rights reserved.
KW  - Adult
KW  - Birthweight
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort studies
KW  - Employment
KW  - Follow-up studies
KW  - Social environment
KW  - labor participation
KW  - adult
KW  - adulthood
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - education
KW  - employment
KW  - family
KW  - female
KW  - health insurance
KW  - human
KW  - income
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - low birth weight
KW  - male
KW  - medical assessment
KW  - Norway
KW  - outcomes research
KW  - population research
KW  - priority journal
KW  - register
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - social environment
KW  - standardization
KW  - statistics
KW  - unemployment
KW  - work capacity
KW  - Adult
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant, Low Birth Weight
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Infant, Premature
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Norway
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Risk
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Unemployment
N1  - Cited By :19
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJEPB
C2  - 15166206
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kristensen, P.; Natl. Inst. of Occupational Health, PO Box 8149, 0033 Oslo, Norway; email: petter.kristensen@stami.no
N1  - References: Barker, D.J.P., Winter, P.D., Osmond, C., Margetts, B., Simmonds, S.J., Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 577-580; 
Power, C., Li, L., Manor, O., A prospective study of limiting longstanding illness in early adulthood (2000) Int. J. Epidemiol., 29, pp. 131-139; 
Power, C., Li, L., Cohort study of birthweight, mortality, and disability (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 840-841; 
Cheung, Y.B., Khoo, K.S., Karlberg, J., Machin, D., Association between psychological symptoms in adults and growth in early life: Longitudinal follow up study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 749-751; 
Jefferis, B.J.M.H., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 305-308; 
Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Birthweight, postnatal growth and cognitive function in a national UK birth cohort (2002) Int. J. Epidemiol., 31, pp. 342-348; 
Strauss, R.S., Adult functional outcome of those born small for gestational age: Twenty-six-year follow-up of the 1970 British Birth Cohort (2000) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 283, pp. 625-632; 
Phillips, D.I.W., Handelsman, D.J., Eriksson, J.G., Forsén, T., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Prenatal growth and subsequent marital status: Longitudinal study (2001) BMJ, 322, p. 771; 
Dahl, E., Social mobility and health: Cause or effect? More likely that adverse social circumstances cause ill health than the other way around (editorial) (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 435-436; 
Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Bartley, M., Social selection: What does it contribute to social class differences in health? (1993) Sociol. Health Illness, 15, pp. 1-15; 
Irgens, L.M., The Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Epidemiological research and surveillance throughout 30 years (2000) Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand., 79, pp. 435-439; 
(1997) Births in Norway Through 30 Years, , Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Bergen: Medical Birth Registry of Norway; 
Bjerkedal, T., Thune, O., Basic benefit and attendance benefit to children in Norway - Prevalence and cause specific rates (1994) Tidsskr Nor Lœgeforen, 114, pp. 1941-1945; 
Preston, D.L., Lubin, J.H., Pierce, D.A., McConney, M.E., (1993) Epicure, , Seattle: Hirosoft International Corporation; 
Greenland, S., Application of stratified analysis methods (1997) Modern Epidemiology, pp. 281-300. , Rothman KJ, Greenland S (eds). 2nd Edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 
Bartley, M., Power, C., Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Shipley, M., Birth weight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: Evidence from the 1958 British cohort study (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 1475-1478; 
Burström, B., Whitehead, M., Lindholm, C., Diderichsen, F., Inequality in the social consequences of illness: How well do people with long-term illness fare in the British and Swedish labor markets? (2000) Int. J. Health Serv., 30, pp. 435-451; 
Davey Smith, G., Ebrahim, S., Frankel, S., How policy informs the evidence (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 184-185. , (editorial); 
Rose, G., Sick individuals and sick populations (1985) Int. J. Epidemiol., 14, pp. 32-38
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4644352996&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyh111&partnerID=40&md5=cf9f24dfe73251f6b3c37e7f5b01285e
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Review of an institutional experience of coronary arterial fistulas in childhood set in context of review of the literature
T2  - Cardiology in the Young
J2  - Cardiol. Young
VL  - 14
IS  - 4
SP  - 380
EP  - 385
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1017/S1047951104004056
SN  - 10479511 (ISSN) 
AU  - Holzer, R.
AU  - Johnson, R.
AU  - Ciotti, G.
AU  - Pozzi, M.
AU  - Kitchiner, D.
AD  - Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Royal Liverpool Children's NHS Trust, Eaton Road, Liverpool L12 2AP, United Kingdom
AB  - Coronary artery fistulas are uncommon in children. We conducted a retrospective review of the case notes of 17 children who presented to our institution with the diagnosis of a coronary fistula since 1970. Their median age was 2.3 years. In five patients, there were associated congenital cardiac anomalies, with four having these as part of the spectrum of tetralogy of Fallot. Surgical correction was performed in nine patients, while in five closure was achieved using percutaneous embolization with coils. No complications or deaths were encountered related to the treatments chosen. In two patients, further procedures were needed to close residual fistulas. The median follow-up was 16 years, and on echocardiography, all fistulas appeared to be successfully closed, albeit that we lost three patients to follow up. We also conducted a review of 426 cases of coronary fistulas reported in children in the English literature. We have compared these findings with our institutional experience. © Cambridge University Press.
KW  - Congenital
KW  - Coronary vessel anomalies
KW  - Heart defects
KW  - Retrospective study
KW  - Review of reported cases
KW  - age distribution
KW  - angiocardiography
KW  - blood vessel fistula
KW  - child
KW  - comparative study
KW  - congenital heart malformation
KW  - coronary vessel malformation
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - hospitalization
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - infant
KW  - male
KW  - methodology
KW  - newborn
KW  - postoperative complication
KW  - preschool child
KW  - retrospective study
KW  - review
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - sex ratio
KW  - time
KW  - transesophageal echocardiography
KW  - treatment outcome
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - vascular surgery
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Arterio-Arterial Fistula
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Coronary Angiography
KW  - Coronary Vessel Anomalies
KW  - Echocardiography, Transesophageal
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Heart Defects, Congenital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Male
KW  - Postoperative Complications
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Severity of Illness Index
KW  - Sex Distribution
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Vascular Surgical Procedures
N1  - Cited By :28
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CYAOB
C2  - 15680043
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kitchiner, D.; Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Royal Liverpool Children's NHS Trust, Eaton Road, Liverpool L12 2AP, United Kingdom; email: denise.kitchiner@rlch-tr.nwest.nhs.uk
N1  - References: Knippel, M., Ravizza, P., Gullace, G., Bana, G., Savoia, M., Locatelli, V., Colombi, P., An unusual case of congenital double coronary arteriovenous fistula (1982) Chest, 81, pp. 382-384; 
Ogden, J.A., Secondary coronary arterial fistulas (1971) J Pediatr, 78, pp. 78-85; 
Mahoney, L.T., Schieken, R.M., Lauer, R.M., Spontaneous closure of a coronary artery fistula in childhood (1982) Pediatr Cardiol, 2, pp. 311-312; 
Urrutia-S, C.O., Falaschi, G., Ott, D.A., Cooley, D.A., Surgical management of 56 patients with congenital coronary artery fistulas (1983) Ann Thorac Surg, 35, pp. 300-307; 
Wilde, P., Watt, I., Congenital coronary artery fistulas: Six new cases with a collective review (1980) Clin Radiol, 31, pp. 301-311; 
Sherwood, M.C., Rockenmacher, S., Colan, S.D., Geva, T., Prognostic significance of clinically silent coronary artery fistulas (1999) Am J Cardiol, 83, pp. 407-411; 
Mavroudis, C., Backer, C.L., Rocchini, A.P., Muster, A.J., Gevitz, M., Coronary artery fistulas in infants and children: A surgical review and discussion of coil embolization (1997) Ann Thorac Surg, 63, pp. 1235-1242; 
De Nef, J.J., Varghese, P.J., Losekoot, G., Congenital coronary artery fistula. Analysis of 17 cases (1971) Br Heart J, 33, pp. 857-862; 
Wong, K.T., Menahem, S., Coronary arterial fistulas in childhood (2000) Cardiol Young, 10, pp. 15-20; 
Dabizzi, R.P., Teodori, G., Barletta, G.A., Caprioli, G., Baldrighi, G., Baldrighi, V., Associated coronary and cardiac anomalies in the tetralogy of Fallot (1990) An Angiographic Study. Eur Heart J, 11, pp. 692-704; 
Brenner, J.I., Burwell, L.R., Hubbell, M.M., Newton Jr., M.C., Krovetz, L.J., Nolan, S.P., Single coronary artery with a fistula to the main pulmonary artery in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot (1977) Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 73, pp. 738-741; 
Lowe, J.E., Oldham Jr., H.N., Sabiston Jr., D.C., Surgical management of congenital coronary artery fistulas (1981) Ann Surg, 194, pp. 373-380; 
McNamara, J.J., Gross, R.E., Congenital coronary artery fistula (1969) Surgery, 65, pp. 59-69; 
Satou, G.M., Perry, S.B., Gauvreau, K., Geva, T., Echocardiographic predictors of coronary artery pathology in pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (2000) Am J Cardiol, 85, pp. 1319-1324; 
Liberthson, R.R., Sagar, K., Berkoben, J.P., Weintraub, R.M., Levine, F.H., Congenital coronary arteriovenous fistula. Report of 13 patients, review of the literature and delineation of management (1979) Circulation, 59, pp. 849-854; 
Morgan, J.R., Forker, A.D., O'Sullivan Jr., M.J., Fosburg, R.G., Coronary arterial fistulas: Seven cases with unusual features (1972) Am J Cardiol, 30, pp. 432-436; 
Qureshi, S.A., Tynan, M., Catheter closure of coronary artery fistulas (2001) J Interv Cardiol, 14, pp. 299-307; 
Hakim, F., Madani, A., Goussous, Y., Cao, Q.L., Hijazi, Z.M., Transcatheter closure of a large coronary arteriovenous fistula using the new Amplatzer Duct Occluder (1998) Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn, 45, pp. 155-157; 
Okubo, M., Nykanen, D., Benson, L.N., Outcomes of transcatheter embolization in the treatment of coronary artery fistulas (2001) Catheter Cardiovasc Interv, 52, pp. 510-517; 
Pedra, C.A., Pihkala, J., Nykanen, D.G., Benson, L.N., Antegrade transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistulas using vascular occlusion devices (2000) Heart, 83, pp. 94-96; 
Sadiq, M., Wilkinson, J.L., Qureshi, S.A., Successful occlusion of a coronary arteriovenous fistula using an Amplatzer Duct Occluder (2001) Cardiol Young, 11, pp. 84-87; 
Thomson, L., Webster, M., Wilson, N., Transcatheter closure of a large coronary artery fistula with the Amplatzer Duct Occluder (1999) Catheter Cardiovasc Interv, 48, pp. 188-190; 
Holzer, R., Waller III, B.R., Kahana, M., Hijazi, Z.M., Percutaneous closure of a giant coronary arteriovenous fistula using multiple devices in a 2-day-old neonate (2003) Catheter Cardiovasc Interv, 60, pp. 291-294
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-20544437420&doi=10.1017%2fS1047951104004056&partnerID=40&md5=232dae743e651e1472bec75a83c30c93
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A meta-analysis of previous fracture and subsequent fracture risk
T2  - Bone
J2  - Bone
VL  - 35
IS  - 2
SP  - 375
EP  - 382
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1016/j.bone.2004.03.024
SN  - 87563282 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kanis, J.A.
AU  - Johnell, O.
AU  - De Laet, C.
AU  - Johansson, H.
AU  - Oden, A.
AU  - Delmas, P.
AU  - Eisman, J.
AU  - Fujiwara, S.
AU  - Garnero, P.
AU  - Kroger, H.
AU  - McCloskey, E.V.
AU  - Mellstrom, D.
AU  - Melton, L.J.
AU  - Pols, H.
AU  - Reeve, J.
AU  - Silman, A.
AU  - Tenenhouse, A.
AD  - WHO Collaborating Ctr. Metab. B., Univ. of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Orthopaedics, Malmo General Hospital, Sweden
AD  - Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
AD  - Consulting Statistician, Gothenburg, Sweden
AD  - INSERM Unite 403, Hopital Edouard Herriot, Lyon, France
AD  - Bone and Mineral Research, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, NSW, Australia
AD  - Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
AD  - Department of Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
AD  - Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Goteborg, Sweden
AD  - Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
AD  - Strangeways Research Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom
AD  - ARC Epidemiology Research Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
AD  - Division of Bone Metabolism, The Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
AD  - WHO Collaborating Ctr. Metab. B., Univ. of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, S10 2RX, Sheffield, United Kingdom
AB  - Previous fracture is a well-documented risk factor for future fracture. The aim of this study was to quantify this risk on an international basis and to explore the relationship of this risk with age, sex, and bone mineral density (BMD). We studied 15259 men and 44902 women from 11 cohorts comprising EVOS/EPOS, OFELY, CaMos, Rochester, Sheffield, Rotterdam, Kuopio, DOES, Hiroshima, and two cohorts from Gothenburg. Cohorts were followed for a total of 250000 person-years. The effect of a prior history of fracture on the risk of any fracture, any osteoporotic fracture, and hip fracture alone was examined using a Poisson model for each sex from each cohort. Covariates examined were age, sex, and BMD. The results of the different studies were merged by using the weighted β-coefficients. A previous fracture history was associated with a significantly increased risk of any fracture compared with individuals without a prior fracture (RR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.75-1.98). The risk ratio was similar for the outcome of osteoporotic fracture or for hip fracture. There was no significant difference in risk ratio between men and women. Risk ratio (RR) was marginally downward adjusted when account was taken of BMD. Low BMD explained a minority of the risk for any fracture (8%) and for hip fracture (22%). The risk ratio was stable with age except in the case of hip fracture outcome where the risk ratio decreased significantly with age. We conclude that previous history of fracture confers an increased risk of fracture of substantial importance beyond that explained by measurement of BMD. Its validation on an international basis permits the use of this risk factor in case finding strategies. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
KW  - Hip fracture
KW  - Meta-analysis
KW  - Osteoporotic fracture
KW  - Prior fracture
KW  - adult
KW  - age distribution
KW  - aged
KW  - anamnesis
KW  - article
KW  - bone density
KW  - bone mineral
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - fracture
KW  - fragility fracture
KW  - hip fracture
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - Poisson distribution
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - sex difference
KW  - statistical parameters
KW  - statistical significance
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Bone Density
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Fractures, Bone
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Osteoporosis
KW  - Poisson Distribution
KW  - Risk Assessment
N1  - Cited By :636
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BONED
C2  - 15268886
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kanis, J.A.; WHO Collaborating Ctr. Metab. B., Univ. of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom; email: w.j.Pontefract@shef.ac.uk
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Johnell, O., Oden, A., Caulin, F., Kanis, J.A., Acute and long-term increase in fracture risk after hospitalisation for vertebral fracture (2001) Osteoporosis Int., 12, pp. 207-214; 
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Gay, J.D., Radial fracture as an indicator of osteoporosis: A 10-year follow-up study (1974) Can. Med. J. Assoc., 111, pp. 156-157; 
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Lauritzen, J.B., Schwarz, P., McNair, P., Radial and humeral fractures as predictors of subsequent hip, radial or humeral fractures in women, and their seasonal variation (1993) Osteoporosis Int., 3, pp. 133-137; 
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Finsen, V., Benum, P., Colles fracture as an indicator of increased risk of hip fracture. An epidemiological study (1987) Ann. Chir. Gynaecol., 76, pp. 114-118; 
Kotowicz, M.A., Melton, L.J., Cooper, C., Atkinson, E.J., O'Fallon, W.M., Riggs, B.L., Risk of hip fracture in women with vertebral fracture (1994) J. Bone Miner. Res., 9, pp. 599-605; 
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Melton, L.J., Atkinson, E.J., Cooper, C., O'Fallon, W.M., Riggs, B.L., Vertebral fractures predict subsequent fractures (1999) Osteoporosis Int., 10, pp. 214-221; 
Tuppurainen, M., Kroger, H., Honkanen, R., Puntila, E., Huopio, J., Saarikoski, S., Risks of perimenopausal fractures - A prospective population-based study (1995) Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand., 74, pp. 624-628; 
Black, D.M., Arden, N.K., Palermo, L., Pearson, J., Cummings, S.R., Prevalent vertebral deformities predict hip fractures and new vertebral deformities but not wrist fractures (1999) J. Bone Miner. Res., 14, pp. 821-828; 
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Burger, H., Van Dade, P.L.A., Algra, D., Hofman, A., Grobbee, D.E., Schutte, H.A., Vertebral deformities as predictors of non-vertebral fractures (1994) Br. Med. J., 309, pp. 991-992; 
Karlsson, M.K., Hasserius, R., Obrant, K.J., Individuals who sustain non-osteoporotic fractures continue to also sustain fragility fractures (1993) Calcif. Tissue Int., 53, pp. 229-231; 
Davis, J.W., Grove, J.S., Wasnich, R.D., Spatial relationships between prevalent and incident spine fractures (1999) Bone, 24, pp. 261-264; 
Ross, P.D., Genant, H.K., Davis, J.W., Miller, P.D., Wasnich, R.D., Predicting vertebral fracture incidence from prevalent fractures and bone density among non-black, osteoporotic women (1993) Osteoporosis Int., 3, pp. 120-126; 
Wasnich, R.D., Davis, J.W., Ross, P.D., Spine fracture risk is predicted by non-spine fractures (1994) Osteoporosis Int., 4, pp. 1-5; 
Black, D.M., Cummings, S.R., Karpf, D.B., Cauley, J.A., Thompson, D.E., Nevitt, M.C., Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. Fracture intervention trial research group (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1535-1541; 
Cummings, S., Black, D., Thompson, D.E., Applegate, W.B., Barrett, C., Musliner, T.A., Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures (1998) JAMA, 280, pp. 2077-2082; 
Klotzbuecher, C.M., Ross, P.D., Landsman, P.B., Abbot, T.A., Berger, M., Patients with prior fractures have an increased risk of future fractures: A summary of the literature and statistical synthesis (2000) JBMR, 15, pp. 721-739; 
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Ensrud, K.G., Nevitt, M.C., Unis, C., Cauley, J.A., Seeley, D.G., Fox, K.M., Correlates of impaired function in older women (1994) J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 42, pp. 481-489; 
Cummings, S.R., Nevitt, M.C., Browner, W.S., Stone, K., Fox, K.M., Et Al. E., E.K., Risk factors for hip fracture in white women (1995) N. Engl. J. Med., 332, pp. 767-773; 
Torgerson, D.J., Campbell, M.K., Thomas, R.E., Reid, D.M., Predictor of perimenopausal fractures by bone mineral density and other factors (1996) J. Bone Miner. Res., 11, pp. 293-297; 
Osteoporosis Foundation, N., Osteoporosis: Review of the evidence for prevention, diagnosis and treatment and cost-effectiveness analysis (1998) Osteoporosis Int., 8 (SUPPL. 4), pp. 1-88; 
Kanis, J.A., Delmas, P., Burckhardt, P., Cooper, C., Torgerson, D., Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis (1997) Osteoporosis Int., 7, pp. 390-406; 
College Of Physicians, R., (1999) Osteoporosis: Clinical Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment, , London: The Royal College of Physicians of London; 
College Of Physicians, R., (2000) Osteoporosis: Clinical Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment. Update on Pharmacological Interventions and an Algorithm for Management, , London: RCP; 
(2002) Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis. Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment. Bone and Tooth Society of Great Britain, National Osteoporosis Society and Royal College of Physicians, , London: RCP; 
Kanis, J.A., Johnell, O., Oden, A., De Laet, C., Jonsson, B., Dawson, A., Ten year risk of osteoporotic fracture and the effect of risk factors on screening strategies (2002) Bone, 30, pp. 251-258; 
Kanis, J.A., Oden, A., Johnell, O., Jonsson, B., De Laet, C., Dawson, A., The burden of osteoporotic fractures: A method for setting intervention thresholds (2001) Osteoporosis Int., 12, pp. 417-427; 
Kanis, J.A., Diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk (2002) Lancet, 359, pp. 1929-1936; 
Garnero, P., Sornay-Rendu, E., Chapuy, M.-C., Delmas, P.D., Increased bone turnover in late postmenopausal women is a major determinant of osteoporosis (1996) J. Bone Miner. Res., 11, pp. 337-349; 
Felsenberg, D., Silman, A.J., Lunt, M., Ambrecht, G., Ismail, A.A., Finn, J.D., Incidence of vertebral fracture in Europe: Results from the European Prospective Osteoporosis Study (EPOS) (2002) J. Bone Miner. Res., 17, pp. 716-724; 
Ismail, A.A., Pye, S.R., Cockerill, W.C., Lunt, M., Silman, A.J., Reeve, J., Incidence of limb fracture across Europe: Results from the European prospective osteoporosis study (EPOS) (2002) Osteoporosis Int., 13, pp. 565-571; 
O'Neill, T.W., Felsenberg, D., Varlow, J., Cooper, C., Kanis, J.A., Silman, A.J., The prevalence of vertebral deformity in European men and women: European vertebral osteoporosis study (1996) J. Bone Miner. Res., 11, pp. 1010-1017; 
Kreiger, N., Tenenhouse, A., Joseph, L., The Canadian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (CaMos): Background, rationale, methods (1999) Can. J. Aging, 18, pp. 376-387; 
Melton III, L.J., Crowson, C.S., O'Fallon, W.M., Wahner, H.W., Riggs, B.L., Relative contributions of bone density, bone turnover and clinical risk factors to long-term fracture prediction (2003) J. Bone Miner. Res., 18, pp. 312-318; 
Melton III, L.J., Atkinson, E.J., O'Connor, M.K., O'Fallon, W.M., Riggs, B.L., Bone density and fracture risk in men (1998) J. Bone Miner. Res., 13, pp. 1915-1923; 
Johansson, H., Oden, A., Johnell, O., Jonsson, B., De Laet, C., Oglesby, A., Optimisation of BMD measurements to identify high risk groups for treatment - A test analysis (2003) J. Bone Miner. Res., , (in press); 
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De Laet, C.E.D.H., Van Hout, B.A., Burger, H., Hofman, A., Weel, A.E.A.M., Pols, H.A.P., Hip fracture prediction in elderly men and women: Validation of the Rotterdam study (1998) J. Bone Miner. Res., 13, pp. 1587-1593; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3242728658&doi=10.1016%2fj.bone.2004.03.024&partnerID=40&md5=a51c46814914de211525f32b7eebe310
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Long-term outcome in adolescents with Hodgkin's lymphoma: Poor results using regimens designed for adults
T2  - Leukemia and Lymphoma
J2  - Leuk. Lymphoma
VL  - 45
IS  - 8
SP  - 1579
EP  - 1585
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1080/1042819042000209404
SN  - 10428194 (ISSN) 
AU  - Yung, L.
AU  - Smith, P.
AU  - Hancock, B.W.
AU  - Hoskin, P.
AU  - Gilson, D.
AU  - Vernon, C.
AU  - Linch, D.C.
AD  - Royal Free/Univ. College Med. School, London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom
AD  - Yorkshire Cancer Research, Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield S10 2SJ, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Oncology, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Oncology, Cookridge Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Oncology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Dept. of Haematology, University College London, 98 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom
AB  - It is unclear whether the outcome in adolescents with Hodgkin's lymphoma is as good as that in children and there are no prospective randomized trials comparing regimes used in children and adults in this setting. We have therefore performed an analysis of 210 adolescent patients diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma between 1970-1997 and registered on the database held by the British National Lymphoma Investigation. Patients were treated according to adult regimens current at the time of their diagnosis. The complete response rate recorded in 209 patients was 76%. This was highly dependent on disease stage being 95% in patients with localized disease but 63% in those with advanced disease. The 5 year event free survival for the whole cohort was 50% falling to 41% at 20 years with overall survival of 81% falling to 68% at 5 and 20 years respectively. There is no significant difference in the 3 decades pertaining to this analysis. Of the 62 deaths in this cohort, 70% were due to Hodgkin's lymphoma but of the 13 deaths occurring beyond 10 years, only 3 were due to Hodgkin's lymphoma, the reminder being attributable to the late effects of therapy. Results from paediatric groups have been much more encouraging than those presented from this cohort. It seems the use of risk-adjusted combined modality therapy with minimization of radiation fields and doses and reduction of anthracycline and alkylator exposure has been successful in children and should be used in adolescents. © 2004 Taylor & Francis Ltd.
KW  - Adolescence
KW  - Hodgkin's disease
KW  - Hodgkin's lymphoma
KW  - Paediatric
KW  - Treatment
KW  - alkylating agent
KW  - anthracycline derivative
KW  - bleomycin
KW  - chlorambucil
KW  - chlormethine
KW  - doxorubicin
KW  - etoposide
KW  - prednisolone
KW  - procarbazine
KW  - vinblastine
KW  - vincristine sulfate
KW  - adolescent
KW  - advanced cancer
KW  - article
KW  - cancer localization
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cancer radiotherapy
KW  - cancer registry
KW  - cancer staging
KW  - cancer survival
KW  - cause of death
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - data base
KW  - drug dose reduction
KW  - drug response
KW  - female
KW  - groups by age
KW  - Hodgkin disease
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - radiation field
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - treatment failure
KW  - treatment outcome
KW  - treatment planning
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Disease-Free Survival
KW  - Hodgkin Disease
KW  - Humans
KW  - Neoplasm Staging
KW  - Survival Rate
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Treatment Outcome
N1  - Cited By :12
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: LELYE
C2  - 15370209
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Linch, D.C.; Dept. of Hematology, University College London, 98 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom; email: d.linch@ucl.ac.uk
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: bleomycin, 11056-06-7; chlorambucil, 305-03-3; chlormethine, 51-75-2, 55-86-7, 82905-71-3; doxorubicin, 23214-92-8, 25316-40-9; etoposide, 33419-42-0; prednisolone, 50-24-8; procarbazine, 366-70-1, 671-16-9; vinblastine, 865-21-4; vincristine sulfate, 2068-78-2
N1  - Tradenames: leukeran
N1  - References: Carbone, P.P., Kaplan, H.S., Musshoff, K., Smithers, D.W., Tubiana, M., "Report on the Committee on Hodgkin's Disease Staging Classification" (1971) Cancer Research, 31, p. 1860; 
Rosenberg, S.A., Boiron, M., DeVita, V.T., "Report on the committee on Hodgkin's disease staging procedures" (1971) Cancer Research, 31, p. 1864; 
Lister, T.A., Crowther, D., Sutcliffe, S.B., Glatstein, E., Canellos, G.P., Young, R.C., "Report of a Committee convened to discuss the evaluation and Staging of Patients with Hodgkin's disease: Cotswolds meeting" (1989) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 7 (11), pp. 1630-1636; 
Specht, L., Gray, R.G., Clarke, M.J., Peto, R., "Influence of more extensive radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy on long-term outcome of early-stage Hodgkin's disease: A meta-analysis of 23 randomized trials involving 3,888 patients. International Hodgkin's Disease Collaborative Group" (1998) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 16 (3), pp. 830-843; 
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Hancock, B.W., Vaughan, H.G., Vaughan, H.B., Haybittle, J.L., Bennett, M.H., Maclennan, K.A., "British National Lymphoma Investigation randomised study of MOPP (mustine, Oncovin, procarbazine, prednisolone) against LOPP (Leukeran substituted for mustine) in advanced Hodgkin's disease-long term results" (1991) British Journal of Cancer, 63 (4), pp. 579-582; 
McElwain, T.J., Toy, J., Smith, E., Peckham, M.J., Austin, D.E., "A combination of chlorambucil, vinblastine, procarbazine and prednisolone for treatment of Hodgkin's disease" (1977) British Journal of Cancer, 36, pp. 276-280; 
Bonadonna, G., Zucali, R., Monfardini, S., De Lena, M., Uslenghi, C., "Combination chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and imidazole carboxamide versus MOPP" (1975) Cancer, 36 (1), pp. 252-259; 
Viviani, S., Bonadonna, G., Santoro, A., Bonfante, V., Zanini, M., Devizzi, L., "Alternating versus hybrid MOPP and ABVD combinations in advanced Hodgkin's disease: Ten-year results" (1996) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 14 (5), pp. 1424-1430; 
Canellos, G.P., Anderson, J.R., Propert, K.J., Nissen, N., Cooper, M.R., Henderson, E.S., "Chemotherapy of advanced Hodgkin's disease with MOPP, ABVD, or MOPP alternating with ABVD" (1992) New England Journal of Medicine, 327 (21), pp. 1478-1484; 
Duggan, D.B., Petroni, G.R., Johnson, J.L., Glick, J.H., Fisher, R.I., Connors, J.M., "Randomised comparison of ABVD and MOPP/ABV hybrid for the treatment of Advanced Hodgkin's disease: Report of an intergroup trial" (2003) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21 (4), pp. 607-614; 
Diehl, V., Franklin, J., Pfreundschuh, M., Lathan, B., Paulus, U., Hasenclever, D., "Standard and increased-dose BEACOPP chemotherapy compared with COPP-ABVD for advanced Hodgkin's disease" (2003) New England Journal of Medicine, 348 (24), pp. 2386-2395; 
Hancock, S.L., Donaldson, S.S., Hoppe, R.T., "Cardiac disease following treatment of Hodgkin's disease in children and adolescents" (1993) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 11 (7), pp. 1208-1215; 
Vaughan, H.B., Vaughan, H.G., Linch, D.C., Anderson, L., "Late mortality in young BNLI patients cured of Hodgkin's disease" (1994) Annals of Oncology, 5 (SUPPL. 2), pp. s65-s66; 
Ng, A.K., Bernardo, M.P., Weller, E., Backstrand, K.H., Silver, B., Marcus, K.C., "Long-term survival and competing causes of death in patients with early-stage Hodgkin's disease treated at age 50 or younger" (2002) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 20 (8), pp. 2101-2108; 
Hancock, S.L., Tucker, M.A., Hoppe, R.T., "Factors affecting late mortality from heart disease after treatment of Hodgkin's disease" (1993) Journal of American Medical Association, 270 (16), pp. 1949-1955; 
Schellong, G., "Treatment of children and adolescents with Hodgkin's disease: The experience of the German-Austrian Paediatric Study Group" (1996) Baillieres Clinical Haematology, 9 (3), pp. 619-634; 
Schellong, G., Potter, R., Bramswig, J., Wagner, W., Prott, F.J., Dorffel, W., "High cure rates and reduced long-term toxicity in pediatric Hodgkin's disease: The German-Austrian multicenter trial DAL-HD-90 (1999) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 17 (12), pp. 3736-3744. , The German-Austrian Pediatric Hodgkin's Disease Study Group"; 
Donaldson, S.S., Link, M.P., "Combined modality treatment with low-dose radiation and MOPP chemotherapy for children with Hodgkin's disease" (1997) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 5 (5), pp. 742-749; 
Hutchinson, R.J., Fryer, C.J., Davis, P.C., Nachman, J., Krailo, M.D., O'Brien, R.T., "MOPP or radiation in addition to ABVD in the treatment of pathologically staged advanced Hodgkin's disease in children: Results of the Children's Cancer Group Phase III Trial" (1998) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 16 (3), pp. 897-906; 
Hunger, S.P., Link, M.P., Donaldson, S.S., "ABVD/MOPP and low-dose involved field radiotherapy in Pediatric Hodgkin's disease: The Stanford experience" (1994) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 12 (10), pp. 2160-2166; 
Vecchi, V., Pileri, S., Burnelli, R., Bontempi, N., Comelli, A., Testi, A.M., "Treatment of pediatric Hodgkin disease tailored to stage, mediastinal mass, and age. An Italian (AIEOP) multicenter study on 215 patients" (1993) Cancer, 72 (6), pp. 2049-2057; 
Vecchi, V., Burnelli, R., Di Fabio, F., Frezza, G., "Childhood Hodgkin's disease: Results of the Italian multicentric study AIEOP-MH'89-CNR" (1997) Medical Paediatric Oncology, 29 (5), p. 434; 
Vaughan-Hudson, B., "The BNLI: Past and Present" (1998) Clinical Oncology, 10, pp. 212-218. , on behalf of the British National Lymphoma Investigation; 
Clarke, C.A., Glaser, S.L., Prehn, A.W., "Age-specific survival after Hodgkin's disease in a population-based cohort (United States)" (2001) Cancer Causes Control, 12 (9), pp. 803-812; 
Weiner, M.A., Levanthal, B.G., Marcus, R., "Intensive chemotherapy and low-dose radiotherapy for the treatment of advanced stage Hodgkin's disease in pediatric patients: A Pediatric Oncology Group Study" (1991) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 9 (9), pp. 1591-1598; 
"Initial treatment of stage IIIA Hodgkin's disease. Comparison of radiotherapy with combined chemotherapy. British National Lymphoma Investigation" (1976) Lancet, pp. 991-996. , British National Lymphoma Investigation. (1976); 
Jones, S.E., Haut, A., Weick, J.K., Wilson, H.E., Grozea, P., Fabian, C.J., "Comparison of adriamycin-containing chemotherapy (MOP-BAP) with MOPP-Bleomycin in the management of advanced Hodgkin's disease. A Southwest Oncology Group Study" (1983) Cancer, 51, pp. 1339-1347; 
Hancock, B.W., Vaughan, H.G., Vaughan, H.B., Bennett, M.H., Maclennan, K.A., Haybittle, J.L., "LOPP alternating with EVAP is superior to LOPP alone in the initial treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease: Results of a British National Lymphoma Investigation trial" (1992) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 10 (8), pp. 1252-1258; 
Hancock, B.W., Gregory, W.M., Cullen, M.H., Hudson, G.V., Burton, A., Selby, P., "ChlVPP alternating with PABlOE is superior to PABlOE alone in the initial treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease: Results of a British National Lymphoma Investigation/Central Lymphoma Group randomized controlled trial" (2001) British Journal of Cancer, 84 (10), pp. 1293-1300; 
Cullen, M.H., Stuart, N.S., Woodroffe, C., Murphy, A., Fletcher, J., Blackledge, G.R., "ChlVPP/PABlOE and radiotherapy in advanced Hodgkin's disease. The Central Lymphoma Group" (1994) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 12 (4), pp. 779-787; 
Tubiana, M., Henry-Amar, M., Hayat, M., Burgers, M., Qasim, M., Somers, R., "The EORTC treatment of early stage Hodgkin's disease: The role of radiotherapy" (1984) International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 10, p. 197; 
Swerdlow, A.J., Douglas, A.J., Hudson, G.V., Hudson, B.V., Bennett, M.H., Maclennan, K.A., "Risk of second primary cancers after Hodgkin's disease by type of treatment: Analysis of 2846 patients in the British National Lymphoma Investigation" (1992) British Medical Journal, 301, pp. 1137-1143; 
Frezzato, M., Castaman, G., Rodeghiero, F., "Fulminant sepsis in adults splenectomized for Hodgkin's disease" (1993) Haematologica, 78 (6 SUPPL. 2), pp. 73-77; 
Donaldson, S.S., Hancock, S.L., "Second cancers after Hodgkin's disease in childhood" (1996) New England Journal of Medicine, 334 (12), pp. 792-794; 
Yung, L., Linch, D.C., "Seminar in Hodgkin's Lymphoma" (2003) Lancet, 361, pp. 943-951; 
Landman-Parker, J., Pacquement, H., Leblanc, T., Habrand, J.L., Terrier-Lacombe, M.J., Bertrand, Y., "Localised childhood Hodgkin's disease: Response-adapted chemotherapy with etoposide, bleomycin, vinblastine, and prednisone before low-dose radiation therapy-results of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology Study MDH90" (2000) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 18 (7), pp. 1500-1507; 
Connors, J.M., Klimo, P., Adams, G., Burns, B.F., Cooper, I., Meyer, R.M., "Treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease with chemotherapy-comparison of MOPP/ABV hybrid regimen with alternating courses of MOPP and ABVD: A report from the National Cancer Institute of Canada clinical trials group" (1997) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 15 (4), pp. 1638-1645; 
Bhatia, S., Robison, L.L., Oberlin, O., Greenberg, M., Bunin, G., Fossati-Bellani, F., "Breast cancer and other second neoplasms after childhood Hodgkin's disease" (1996) New England Journal of Medicine, 334 (12), pp. 745-751; 
Cutuli, B., Dhermain, F., Borel, C., de Larochefordiere, A., Graic, Y., de Lafontan, B., "Breast cancer in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease: Clinical and pathological analysis of 76 cases in 63 patients" (1997) European Journal of Cancer, 33 (14), pp. 2315-2320; 
Metayer, C., Lynch, C.F., Clarke, E.A., Glimelius, B., Storm, H., Pukkala, E., "Second cancers among long-term survivors of Hodgkin's disease diagnosed in childhood and adolescence" (2000) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 18 (12), pp. 2435-2443; 
Raemaekers, J., Kluin-Nelemans, H., Teodorovic, I., Meerwaldt, C., Noordijk, E., Thomas, J., "The achievements of the EORTC Lymphoma Group. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer" (2002) European Journal of Cancer, 38 (SUPPL. 4), pp. S107-S113; 
Levi, F., Lucchini, F., Negri, E., Boyle, P., La Vecchia, C., "Trends in mortality from Hodgkin's disease in western and eastern Europe" (2002) British Journal of Cancer, 87, pp. 291-293
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3042731977&doi=10.1080%2f1042819042000209404&partnerID=40&md5=a1160bf66c60357c6c5b13da72fde322
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The incidence of end-stage renal disease is increasing faster than the prevalence of chronic renal insufficiency
T2  - Annals of Internal Medicine
J2  - Ann. Intern. Med.
VL  - 141
IS  - 2
SP  - 95
EP  - 101+I
PY  - 2004
SN  - 00034819 (ISSN) 
AU  - Hsu, C.-Y.
AU  - Vittinghoff, E.
AU  - Li, F.
AU  - Shlipak, M.G.
AD  - Univ. of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
AD  - Division of Nephrology, Univ. of California, San Francisco, 672 HSE, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0532, United States
AB  - Background: The steady increase in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence is a worldwide public health crisis. Objective: To determine whether the increasing incidence of ESRD in the United States is preceded by increased prevalence of chronic renal insufficiency. Design: Birth cohort analysis. Setting: Nationally representative Second and Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES II [1976-1980] and III [1988-1994]) and nationally comprehensive U.S. Renal Data System registry. Patients: Adults, 20 to 74 years of age, surveyed in NHANES II (midpoint, 1978) and NHANES III (midpoint, 1991), and adults, 25 to 79 years of age, who developed ESRD in 1983 and 1996. Measurements: Prevalent chronic renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate, 15 to 59 mL/min per 1.73 m2) and new ESRD cases. Results: From 1978 to 1991, the number of adults age 20 to 74 years with chronic renal insufficiency increased from 2.6 to 3.9 million, an increase in prevalence from 1970 to 2460 per 100 000 persons. However, the increased incidence of ESRD was even greater during this period. For every 1000 adults with chronic renal insufficiency in 1978, 9 new cases of ESRD developed in 1983, but every 1000 adults with chronic renal insufficiency in 1991 produced 16 new cases of ESRD in 1996 (relative risk, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.1 to 2.7]). Limitations: We could not follow individual patients with chronic renal insufficiency for the development of ESRD, and we used estimated rather than measured glomerular filtration rate. Conclusions: During the period examined, growth in incident ESRD outpaced growth in prevalent chronic renal insufficiency, demonstrating that the ESRD epidemic in the United States is not merely a function of more cases of kidney disease. Future research should examine other potential contributors to ESRD growth, such as improved survival from nonrenal diseases and more liberal entry into treatment programs.
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - chronic kidney failure
KW  - epidemic
KW  - female
KW  - glomerulus filtration rate
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - kidney failure
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - public health
KW  - register
KW  - review
KW  - United States
KW  - article
KW  - chronic disease
KW  - disease course
KW  - kidney disease
KW  - middle aged
KW  - risk factor
KW  - United States
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Chronic Disease
KW  - Disease Outbreaks
KW  - Disease Progression
KW  - Female
KW  - Glomerular Filtration Rate
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Kidney Diseases
KW  - Kidney Failure, Chronic
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :183
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AIMEA
C2  - 15262664
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hsu, C.-Y.; Division of Nephrology, Univ. of California, San Francisco, 672 HSE, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0532, United States; email: hsuchi@medicine.ucsf.edu
N1  - References: Xue, J.L., Ma, J.Z., Louis, T.A., Collins, A.J., Forecast of the number of patients with end-stage renal disease in the United States to the year 2010 (2001) J Am Soc Nephrol, 12, pp. 2753-2758. , PMID: 11729245; 
Excerpts from the United States Renal Data Systems 2002 annual report: Atlas of end-stage renal disease in the United States (2003) Am J Kidney Dis, 41 (4 SUPPL. 2), pp. v-ix. , PMID: 12696022; 
Port, F.K., The end-stage renal disease program: Trends over the past 18 years (1992) Am J Kidney Dis, 20, pp. 3-7. , PMID: 1626554; 
Muntner, P., Coresh, J., Powe, N.R., Klag, M.J., The contribution of increased diabetes prevalence and improved myocardial infarction and stroke survival to the increase in treated end-stage renal disease (2003) J Am Soc Nephrol, 14, pp. 1568-1577. , PMID: 12761257; 
McDowell, A., Engel, A., Massey, J.T., Maurer, K., Plan and operation of the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976-1980 (1981) Vital Health Stat 1, pp. 1-144. , Series 1. [PMID: 7344293]; 
Plan and operation of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-94. Series 1: Programs and collection procedures (1994) Vital Health Stat 1, (32), pp. 1-407. , PMID: 7975354; 
K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: Evaluation, classification, and stratification (2002) Am J Kidney Dis, 39, pp. S1-S266. , PMID: 11904577; 
Levey, A.S., Bosch, J.P., Lewis, J.B., Greene, T., Rogers, N., Roth, D., A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: A new prediction equation (1999) Ann Intern Med, 130, pp. 461-470. , Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. [PMID: 10075613]; 
Levey, A.S., Greene, T., Kusek, J.W., Beck, G.J., A simplified equation to predict glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine (2000) J Am Soc Nephrol, 11, pp. 155A; 
Coresh, J., Astor, B.C., McQuillan, G., Kusek, J., Greene, T., Van Lente, F., Calibration and random variation of the serum creatinine assay as critical elements of using equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate (2002) Am J Kidney Dis, 39, pp. 920-929. , PMID: 11979335; 
Harris, M.I., Hadden, W.C., Knowler, W.C., Bennett, P.H., Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance and plasma glucose levels in U.S. population aged 20-74 yr (1987) Diabetes, 36, pp. 523-534. , PMID: 3817306; 
Harris, M.I., Flegal, K.M., Cowie, C.C., Eberhardt, M.S., Goldstein, D.E., Little, R.R., Prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance in U.S. adults. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 (1998) Diabetes Care, 21, pp. 518-524. , PMID: 9571335; 
Little, R.J., Rubin, D.B., (1987) Statistical Analysis with Missing Data, pp. 55-57. , New York: Wiley; 
Coresh, J., Wei, G.L., McQuillan, G., Brancati, F.L., Levey, A.S., Jones, C., Prevalence of high blood pressure and elevated serum creatinine level in the United States: Findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) (2001) Arch Intern Med, 161, pp. 1207-1216. , PMID: 11343443; 
Feller, W., (1957) An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications. 2nd Ed., , New York: Wiley; 
DuBois, D., DuBois, E.F., Clinical calorimetry: A formula to estimate the appropriate surface area if height and weight be known (1916) Arch Intern Med, 17, pp. 863-871; 
Cockcroft, D.W., Gault, M.H., Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine (1976) Nephron, 16, pp. 31-41. , PMID: 1244564; 
Hsu, C.Y., Lin, F., Vittinghoff, E., Shlipak, M.G., Racial differences in the progression from chronic renal insufficiency to end-stage renal disease in the United States (2003) J Am Soc Nephrol, 14, pp. 2902-2907. , PMID: 14569100; 
NKF-DOQI clinical practice guidelines for peritoneal dialysis adequacy (1997) Am J Kidney Dis, 30, pp. S67-S136. , National Kidney Foundation. [PMID: 9293258]; 
II. NKF-K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for peritoneal dialysis adequacy: Update 2000 (2001) Am J Kidney Dis, 37, pp. S65-S136. , PMID: 11229968; 
Hakim, R.M., Lazarus, J.M., Initiation of dialysis (1995) J Am Soc Nephrol, 6, pp. 1319-1328. , PMID: 8589305; 
Mattix, H.J., Hsu, C.Y., Shaykevich, S., Curhan, G., Use of the albumin/creatinine ratio to detect microalbuminuria: Implications of sex and race (2002) J Am Soc Nephrol, 13, pp. 1034-1039. , PMID: 11912263
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3142779938&partnerID=40&md5=9783139cda9ef9fae8c45b42630a9dfa
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The cervical cancer epidemic that screening has prevented in the UK
T2  - Lancet
J2  - Lancet
VL  - 364
IS  - 9430
SP  - 249
EP  - 256
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16674-9
SN  - 01406736 (ISSN) 
AU  - Peto, P.J.
AU  - Gilham, P.C.
AU  - Fletcher, O.
AU  - Matthews, F.E.
AD  - London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., London, United Kingdom
AD  - Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, United Kingdom
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pop. Health, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
AB  - Background Recent reports suggest that the reduction in mortality achieved by the UK national cervical screening programme is too small to justify its financial and psychosocial costs, except perhaps in a few high-risk women. Methods We analysed trends in mortality before 1988, when the British national screening programme was launched, to estimate what future trends in cervical cancer mortality would have been without any screening. Findings Cervical cancer mortality in England and Wales in women younger than 35 years rose three-fold from 1967 to 1987. By 1988, incidence in this age-range was among the highest in the world despite substantial opportunistic screening. Since national screening was started in 1988, this rising trend has been reversed. Interpretation Cervical screening has prevented an epidemic that would have killed about one in 65 of all British women born since 1950 and culminated in about 6000 deaths per year in this country. However, these estimates are subject to substantial uncertainty, particularly in relation to the effects of oral contraceptives and changes in sexual behaviour. 80% or more of these deaths (up to 5000 deaths per year) are likely to be prevented by screening, which means that about 100 000 (one in 80) of the 8 million British women born between 1951 and 1970 will be saved from premature death by the cervical screening programme at a cost per life saved of about £36 000. The birth cohort trends also provide strong evidence that the death rate throughout life is substantially lower in women who were first screened when they were younger.
KW  - adult
KW  - age distribution
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cancer prevention
KW  - cancer screening
KW  - death
KW  - epidemic
KW  - female
KW  - health program
KW  - human
KW  - national health service
KW  - priority journal
KW  - time series analysis
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - uterine cervix cancer
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Mass Screening
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
KW  - Wales
N1  - Cited By :481
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: LANCA
C2  - 15262102
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Peto, P.J.; Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pop. Health, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; email: julian.peto@lshtm.ac.uk
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Parkin, D.M., Nguyen-Dinh, X., Day, N.E., The impact of screening on the incidence of cervical cancer in England and Wales (1985) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 92, pp. 150-157; 
Walboomers, J.M.M., Jacobs, M.V., Manos, M.M., Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide (1999) J Pathol, 189, pp. 12-19; 
Simms, I., Fairley, C.K., Epidemiology of genital warts in England and Wales: 1971 to 1994 (1997) Genitourin Med, 73, pp. 365-367; 
Dillner, J., Trends over time in the incidence of cervical neoplasia in comparison to trends over time in human papillomavirus infection (2000) J Clin Virol, 12, pp. 7-23; 
Nobbenhuis, M.A.E., Helmerhorst, T.J.M., Van Den Brule, A.J.C., Cytological regression and clearance of high-risk human papillomavirus in women with abnormal cervical smear (2001) Lancet, 358, pp. 1782-1783; 
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Deacon, J.M., Evans, C.D., Yule, R., Sexual behaviour and smoking as determinants of cervical HPV infection and of CIN3 among those infected: A case-control study nested within the Manchester cohort (2000) Br J Cancer, 83, pp. 1565-1572; 
Peto, J., Gilham, C., Deacon, J., Cervical HPV infection and neoplasia in a large population based prospective study: The Manchester cohort Br J Cancer, , (in press); 
Peyton, C.L., Schiffman, M., Lorincz, A.T., Comparison of PCR- and hybrid capture-based human papillomavirus detection systems using multiple cervical specimen collection strategies (1998) J Clin Microbiol, 36, pp. 3248-3254; 
Smith, J.S., Green, J., Berrington De Gonzalez, A., Cervical cancer and use of hormonal contraceptives: A systematic review (2003) Lancet, 361, pp. 1159-1167; 
Castellsague, X., Bosch, F.X., Munoz, N., Environmental co-factors in HPV carcinogenesis (2002) Virus Res, 89, pp. 191-199; 
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(1994) Cervical Cytology 1992-93: Summary Information from Form KC53, , England. London: Department of Health; 
(2001) Cervical Screening Programme, England 2000-01: Statistical Bulletin 2001/22, , London: Department of Health; 
Sasieni, P., Adams, J., Effect of screening on cervical cancer mortality in England and Wales: Analysis of trends with an age period cohort model (1999) BMJ, 318, pp. 1244-1245; 
WHO Statistical Information System (WHOSIS), , http://www3.who.int/whosis/menu.cfm; 
Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1987) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, Vol II: The Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies - IARC Scientific Publications No 82, 2. , Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 
Van Ballegooijen, M., Van Den Akker-Van Marle, E., Patnick, J., Overview of important cervical cancer screening process values in European Union (EU) countries, and tentative predictions of the corresponding effectiveness and cost-effectiveness (2000) Eur J Cancer, 36, pp. 2177-2188; 
Parkin, D.M., Whelan, S.L., Ferlay, J., Raymond, L., Young, J., (2000) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, Vol VII: IARC Scientific Publications No 143, 7. , Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 
Botting, B., Dunnell, K., Trends in fertility and contraception in the last quarter of the 20th century (2000) Popul Trends, 100, pp. 32-39; 
Johnson, A.M., Wadsworth, J., Wellings, K., Field, J., (1994) Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles, , Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Press; 
Swerdlow, A., Dos Santos Silva, I., Doll, R., (2001) Cancer Incidence and Mortality in England and Wales: Trends and Risk Factors, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
(2001) Sexually Transmitted Infections in the UK: New Episodes Seen at Genitourinary Medicine Clinics, 1995-2000, , http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/hiv_and_sti/publications/ sti_report2001.pdf, London: Public Health Laboratory Service; 
(2002) Social Trends, 32. , http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_social/Social_Trends32/ Social_Trends32.pdf, London: Stationery Office; 
Redburn, J.C., Murphy, M.F.G., Hysterectomy prevalence and adjusted cervical and uterine cancer rates in England and Wales (2001) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 108, pp. 388-395; 
Green, J., Berrington De Gonzalez, A., Sweetland, S., Risk factors for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix in women aged 20-44 years: The UK national case-control study of cervical cancer (2003) Br J Cancer, 89, pp. 2078-2086; 
Green, J.A., Kirwan, J.M., Tierney, J.F., Survival and recurrence after concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer of the uterine cervix: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2001) Lancet, 358, pp. 781-786; 
Koss, L.G., Stewart, F.W., Foote, F.W., Jordan, M.J., Bader, G.M., Day, E., Some histological aspects of behavior of epidermoid carcinoma in situ and related lesions of the uterine cervix (1963) Cancer, 16, pp. 1160-1211; 
Elfgren, K., Jacobs, M., Walboomers, J.M., Meijer, C.J., Dillner, J., Rate of human papillomavirus clearance after treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (2002) Obstet Gynecol, 100, pp. 965-971; 
McIndoe, W.A., McLean, M.R., Jones, R.W., Mullins, P.R., The invasive potential of carcinoma in situ of the cervix (1984) Obstet Gynecol, 64, pp. 451-458; 
Kinlen, L.J., Spriggs, A.I., Women with positive cervical smears but without surgical intervention: A follow-up study (1978) Lancet, 2, pp. 463-465; 
Sasieni, P., Adams, J., Cuzick, J., Benefit of cervical screening at different ages: Evidence from the UK audit of screening histories (2003) Br J Cancer, 89, pp. 88-93; 
Anttila, A., Pukkala, E., Soderman, B., Kallio, M., Nieminen, P., Hakama, M., Effect of organised screening on cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Finland, 1963-1995: Recent increase in cervical cancer incidence (1999) Int J Cancer, 83, pp. 59-65; 
Miller, A.B., The (in)efficiency of cervical screening in Europe (2002) Eur J Cancer, 38, pp. 321-326; 
Sasieni, P., Adams, J., Changing rates of adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervix in England (2001) Lancet, 357, pp. 1490-1493; 
Quinn, M., Babb, P., Jones, J., Allen, E., Effect of screening on incidence of and mortality from cancer of cervix in England: Evaluation based on routinely collected statistics (1999) BMJ, 318, pp. 904-1008; 
Lea, R., (2000) Healthcare in the UK: The Need for Reform, , London: Institute of Directors; 
Raffle, A.E., Alden, B., MacKenzie, E.F.D., Detection rates for abnormal cervical smears: What are we screening for? (1995) Lancet, 345, pp. 1469-1473; 
Raffle, A.E., Alden, B., Quinn, M., Babb, P.J., Brett, M.T., Outcomes of screening to prevent cancer: Analysis of cumulative incidence of cervical abnormality and modelling of cases and deaths prevented (2003) BMJ, 326, p. 901; 
Van Den Akker-Van Marle, M.E., Van Ballegooijen, M., Habbema, J.D.F., Low risk of cervical cancer during a long period after negative screening in the Netherlands (2003) Br J Cancer, 88, pp. 1054-1057; 
Screening for squamous cervical cancer: Duration of low risk after negative results of cervical cytology and its implication for screening policies (1986) BMJ, 293, pp. 659-664
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3242723235&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2804%2916674-9&partnerID=40&md5=9335a523db04abc2f9f913a07f11e0ca
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Birthweight and psychological distress in adult twins: A longitudinal study
T2  - Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics
J2  - Acta Paediatr. Int. J. Paediatr.
VL  - 93
IS  - 7
SP  - 965
EP  - 968
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1080/08035250410026824
SN  - 08035253 (ISSN) 
AU  - Cheung, Y.B.
AU  - Ma, S.
AU  - Machin, D.
AU  - Karlberg, J.
AD  - Div. Clin. Trials Epidemiol. Sci., National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
AD  - Epidemiol. and Dis. Control Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore, Singapore
AD  - Clinical Trials Centre, University of Hong Kong, China
AD  - Div. Clin. Trials Epidemiol. Sci., National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
AB  - Aim: To assess the relation between birthweight and psychological distress as measured by the Malaise Inventory in adult twins. Methods: Data were drawn from the 1958 British birth cohort study, which included twins followed from birth to age 42 y. We examined the relation between birthweight and psychological distress at ages 23, 33 and 42 y measured by the psychological scale of the Malaise Inventory. Analyses were performed both between subjects (n = 282) and within twin pairs (n = 112). The generalized estimating equations approach was used to handle the repeated measurements. Results: Between the 282 twins, the difference in psychological distress score was -0.45 (95% confidence interval -0.74 to -0.15) per Z-score increase in birthweight- for-gestational age. Within twin pairs, the heavier co-twins tended to have a psychological distress score lower than that of their lighter co-twins, the mean difference being -0.35 (-0.78 to 0.09). Conclusion: Results from the between-subject analysis agreed with previous findings from adult singletons that psychological health is related to birthweight. The within-pair analysis suggested a similar relation but did not attain statistical significance.
KW  - Birthweight
KW  - Foetal growth
KW  - Psychological health
KW  - Twins
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - confidence interval
KW  - correlation analysis
KW  - distress syndrome
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - gestational age
KW  - human
KW  - information processing
KW  - male
KW  - measurement
KW  - mental stress
KW  - newborn
KW  - normal human
KW  - priority journal
KW  - statistical significance
KW  - twins
KW  - Adult
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Regression (Psychology)
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Stress, Psychological
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Twins
N1  - Cited By :9
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: APAEE
C2  - 15303814
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Cheung, Y.B.; Div. Clin. Trials Epidemiol. Sci., National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore, 169610, Singapore; email: ctecyb@nccs.com.sg
N1  - References: Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life, , Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 
Clark, P.M., Programming of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and the fetal origins of adult disease hypothesis (1998) Eur J Pediatr, 157 (1 SUPPL.), pp. S7-10; 
Welberg, L.A., Seckl, J.R., Holmes, M.C., Inhibition of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, the foeto-placental barrier to maternal glucocorticoids, permanently programs amygdala GR mRNA expression and anxiety-like behaviour in the offspring (2000) Eur J Neurosci, 12, pp. 1047-1054; 
Welberg, L.A., Seckl, J.R., Holmes, M.C., Prenatal glucocorticoid programming of brain corticosteriod receptors and corticotrophin-releasing hormone: Possible implications for behaviour (2001) Neuroscience, 104, pp. 71-79; 
Nilsson, P.M., Nyberg, P., Ostergren, P.O., Increased susceptibility to stress at a psychological assessment of stress tolerance is associated with impaired fetal growth (2001) Int J Epidemiol, 30, pp. 75-80; 
Phillips, D.I., Walker, B.R., Reynolds, R.M., Flanagan, D.E., Wood, P.J., Osmond, C., Low birthweight predicts elevated plasma cortisol concentrations in adults from 3 populations (2000) Hypertension, 35, pp. 1301-1306; 
Fernald, L.C., Grantham-McGregor, S.M., Stress response in schoolage children who have been growth retarded since early childhood (1998) Am J Clin Nutr, 68, pp. 394-405; 
Kagan, J.J., Reznick, S., Snidman, N., Biological bases of childhood shyness (1988) Science, 240, pp. 167-171; 
Cheung, Y.B., Khoo, K.S., Karlberg, J., Machin, D., Association between physiological symptoms in adults and growth in early life: Longitudinal follow-up study (2002) Br Med J, 325, pp. 749-751; 
Cheung, Y.B., Early origins and adult correlates of psychosomatic distress (2002) Soc Sci Med, 55, pp. 937-948; 
Williams, S., Poulton, R., Twins and maternal smoking: Ordeals for the fetal origins hypothesis? A cohort study (1999) Br Med J, 318, pp. 897-900; 
Doyle, D., Leon, D., Morton, S., De Stavola, B., Twins and the fetal origins hypothesis. Patterns of growth retardation differ in twins and singletons (1999) Br Med J, 319, p. 517; 
Phillips, D.I.W., Osmond, C., Twins and the fetal origins hypothesis. Many variables differ between twins and singleton infants (1999) Br Med J, 319, p. 517; 
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Dwyer, T., Blizzard, L., Morley, R., Ponsonby, A.L., Within pair association between birth weight and blood pressure at age 8 in twins from a cohort study (1999) Br Med J, 319, pp. 1325-1329; 
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Wichers, M.C., Purcell, S., Danckaerts, M., Derom, C., Derom, R., Vlietinck, R., Van Os, J., Prenatal life and post-natal psychopathology: Evidence for negative gene-birth weight interaction (2002) Psy Med, 32, pp. 1165-1174; 
Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London: Chapman & Hall; 
Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples (1999) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 34, pp. 333-341; 
Fayers, P.M., Machin, D., (2000) Quality of Life: Assessment, Analysis and Interpretation, pp. 215-216. , Chichester: Wiley; 
Rooney, R., Hay, D., Levy, F., Small for gestational age as a predictor of behavioral and learning problems in twins (2003) Twin Res, 6, pp. 46-54; 
Pryor, J.E., Thompson, J.M., Robinson, E., Clark, P.M., Becroft, D.M., Pattison, N.S., Calvish, N., Mitchell, E.A., Stress and lack of social support as risk factors for small-for-gestational-age birth (2003) Acta Paediatr, 92, pp. 62-64; 
Fairclough, D.L., (2002) Design and Analysis of Quality of Life Studies in Clinical Trials, , Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall; 
Vlietinck, R., Drom, R., Neale, M.C., Maes, H., Van Loon, H., Derom, C., Thiery, M., Genetic and environmental variation in the birth weight of twins (1989) Behav Genet, 19, pp. 151-161; 
Van Os, J., Wichers, M., Danckaerts, M., Van Gestel, S., Derom, C., Vlietinck, R., A prospective twin study of birth weight discordance and child problem behavior (2001) Biological Psychi, 50, pp. 593-599
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3042611653&doi=10.1080%2f08035250410026824&partnerID=40&md5=c19a42e95f793b311a36bae96bd88243
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Suspended particulates and lung health 
ST  - Schwebstaub und lungengesundheit
T2  - Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, Supplement
J2  - Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. Suppl.
VL  - 116
IS  - 1
SP  - 8
EP  - 12
PY  - 2004
SN  - 03005178 (ISSN) 
AU  - Neuberger, M.
AU  - Moshammer, H.
AD  - Abteilung fur Praventivmedizin, Institut für Umwelthygiene, Medizinischen Universität Wien, Wien, Austria
AD  - Institut für Umwelthygiene, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095 Wien, Austria
AB  - Based on several severe air pollution episodes, a temporal correlation between high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and SO2 pollution and acute increases in respiratory and cardiopulmonary mortality had been established in Vienna for the 1970's. After air pollution had decreased in Austria in the 1980's - as documented by data on SO2, and total suspended particles (TSP) - no such associations between day-to-day changes of SO2 and TSP and mortality have been documented any more, however, traffic related pollutants like fine particles and NO2 remained a problem. Therefore, short term effects of PM on lung function, morbidity and mortality were investigated in Vienna, Linz, Graz and a rural control area. Long-term exposure and chronic disease - even more important for public health - were studied in repeated cross-sectional, a mixed longitudinal and a birth cohort study on school children in the city of Linz. Lung function growth was found impaired from long-term exposure to air pollutants and improved in districts where ambient air pollution had decreased. Where only TSP and SO 2 had decreased, no continuous improvement of small airway function was found and end-expiratory flow rates stayed impaired where NO 2-reduction from technical improvements of cars and industry was counterbalanced by increase of motorized (diesel) traffic. Remaining acute effects of ambient air pollution in 2001 from PM, NO2 and co-pollutants found in a time series study also show that continuing efforts are necessary. Active surface of particles inhaled several hours to days before spirometry was found related to short-term reductions in forced vital capacity-FVC (p &lt; 0.01), forced expiratory volume in one second-FEV 1 (p &lt; 0.01) and maximal expiratory flow rate at 50% of vital capacity-MEF50 (p &lt; 0.05). In pupils with asthma or previous airway obstruction 4-week-diaries proved that the following symptoms increased with acute exposure to higher active surface of particles: wheezing (p &lt; 0.01), dyspnea, cough when going to sleep, cough at night (p &lt; 0.05). Efforts to reduce exposure to fine particles from motor traffic and passive smoking have to be increased if we want to achieve full recovery of children from air pollution effects and best respiratory performance in adulthood. Surveillance seems to be necessary not only for particle mass but also for particle number and surface. Little is known on the mechanisms of irreversible long-term effects of PM such as myocardial infarction and cancer. In a prospective cohort study on 1630 dust-exposed and 1630 non dust-exposed workers matched for smoking we found an increase of lung cancer related to nonfibrous insoluble PM. Other studies were able to relate lung cancer to specific particles like those from diesel engines, and a large prospective study of the American Cancer Society was able to link lung cancer in the general population with long-term exposure to fine particles from combustion processes. All these recent epidemiological findings will have consequences for occupational and ambient air PM standards.
KW  - Children
KW  - Health
KW  - Lung cancer
KW  - Lung function
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - nitrogen dioxide
KW  - sulfur dioxide
KW  - air pollution
KW  - Austria
KW  - child growth
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - conference paper
KW  - dust exposure
KW  - exhaust gas
KW  - heart infarction
KW  - human
KW  - long term exposure
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - lung disease
KW  - lung function test
KW  - morbidity
KW  - mortality
KW  - occupational exposure
KW  - suspended particulate matter
KW  - Adult
KW  - Air Pollutants
KW  - Austria
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Child
KW  - Chronic Disease
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Dust
KW  - Female
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Humans
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Lung Diseases
KW  - Male
KW  - Nitrogen Dioxide
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Rural Population
KW  - Sulfur Dioxide
KW  - Urban Population
N1  - Cited By :8
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Conference Paper
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: WKWSA
C2  - 15518085
LA  - German
N1  - Correspondence Address: Neuberger, M.; Institut für Umwelthygiene, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095 Wien, Austria; email: manfred.neuberger@univie.ac.at
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: nitrogen dioxide, 10102-44-0; sulfur dioxide, 7446-09-5; Air Pollutants; Dust; Nitrogen Dioxide, 10102-44-0; Sulfur Dioxide, 7446-09-5
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Horak, F., Neuberger, M., Kundi, M., Frischer, T., Studnicka, M., Hauck, H., Gesundheitseffekte von partikeln. Erste teilergebnisse des AUPHEP (Austrian Project on Health Effects of Particulates) (2002) Atemw Lungenkrkh, 28, pp. 291-292; 
Peters, A., Dockery, D.W., Muller, J.E., Mittleman, M.A., Increased particulate air pollution and the triggering of myocardial infarction (2001) Circulation, 103, pp. 2810-2815; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-2642563792&partnerID=40&md5=e4a8300c5893cf0c83e47a59db67955d
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - An investigation into using national longitudinal studies to examine trends in educational attainment and development
T2  - Educational Research
J2  - Educ. Res.
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
SP  - 119
EP  - 136
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1080/0013188042000222412
SN  - 00131881 (ISSN) 
AU  - McNiece, R.
AU  - Bidgood, P.
AU  - Soan, P.
AD  - Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom
AD  - School of Mathematics, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
AB  - Longitudinal studies can provide individual histories of educational attainment and are becoming widely used in educational research. Two national longitudinal studies, the National Child Development Study (NCDS) and the British Cohort Study of 1970 (BCS70), are used here to investigate changing trends in the educational attainment of children in the UK over time. Multilevel modelling is used to examine variation between different social groups in attainment in mathematics and reading and to examine educational progress during secondary education; the results of these analyses are compared for the two different cohorts. In both cohorts, the main source of variation in achievement is due to differences in social background; differences between regions and local education authorities are found to be negligible. Changes in the mathematics and reading attainment of the different social groups between the cohorts reflect recognized trends in educational attainment and highlight some trends not previously reported.
KW  - Educational attainment
KW  - Ethnicity
KW  - Gender
KW  - Longitudinal studies (NCDS, BCS70)
KW  - Multilevel modelling
KW  - Social class
N1  - Cited By :16
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: McNiece, R.; School of Mathematics, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom; email: r.mcniece@kingston.ac.uk
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Shepherd, P., (1995) The National Child Development Study. An Introduction, Its Origins and the Methods of Data Collection, , Working Paper No. 1, NCDS User Support Group; 
Thomas, S., Sammons, P., Mortimore, P., Smees, R., (1995) Stability and Consistency in Secondary Schools' Effects on Students' GCSE Outcomes over Three Years, , London, ISEIC, University of London Institute of Education; 
Tomlinson, H., (1993) Education and Training 14-19: Continuity and Diversity in the Curriculum, , London, Longman; 
Woodward, W., (2002) GCSE Gender Gap Continues to Grow, , www.education-guardian.co.uk/gcses2002, accessed 1 February 2004; 
Yang, M., Woodhouse, G., Progress from GCSE to A- and AS-level: Institutional and gender differences, and trends over time (2001) British Educational Research Journal, 27 (3), pp. 245-267; 
Yang, M., Goldstein, H., Browne, W., Woodhouse, G., Multivariate multilevel analyses of examination results (2002) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 165 (1), pp. 137-153
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3042566988&doi=10.1080%2f0013188042000222412&partnerID=40&md5=2941113a8b9b4cfb1e422713883281f4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mobility in pupils' cognitive attainment during school life
T2  - Oxford Review of Economic Policy
J2  - Oxf. Rev. Econ. Policy
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
SP  - 213
EP  - 229
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1093/oxrep/grh012
SN  - 0266903X (ISSN) 
AU  - Feinstein, L.
AD  - Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
AB  - This paper considers the extent of mobility in pupils' attainment relative to peers as they move through school. Considerable shifts in position are demonstrated using data from the 1958 and 1970 UK birth cohorts and from the National Pupil Database for 2002. These shifts in attainment in primary and secondary school are shown to relate strongly to social class, demonstrating that the large social-class attainment gap in the UK is not a one-off effect prior to school entry but a compounding effect throughout school life. These changes in relative attainment during school are also shown to relate strongly to adult economic outcomes. These results suggest that although there are good arguments in support of an increase in pre-school expenditures, equality of opportunity also requires enhanced investments for the worst-off throughout school. © Oxford University Press and the Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited 2004; all rights reserved.
KW  - class
KW  - cognition
KW  - educational attainment
KW  - mobility
KW  - socioeconomic conditions
KW  - Eurasia
KW  - Europe
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Western Europe
N1  - Cited By :21
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Feinstein, L.; Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Bloom, B., (1964) Stability and Change in Human Characteristics, , New York, John Wiley; 
Brooks-Gunn, J., Duncan, G.J., Maritato, N., Poor families, poor outcomes: The well-being of children and youth (1997) Consequences of Growing Up Poor, , G. J. Duncan and J. Brooks-Gunn (eds), New York, Russell Sage; 
Bynner, J., Childhood risks and protective factors in social exclusion (2001) Children and Society, 15, pp. 285-301; 
(2002) Education and Skills - Delivering the Results: A Strategy to 2006, , DfES London, Department for Education and Skills; 
(2002) 14-19 Opportunity and Excellence, , DfES London, Department for Education and Skills; 
(2003) Statistics of Education: Pupil Progress By Pupil Characteristics: 2002, , DfES London, Department for Education and Skills; 
(2004) 14-19 Reform: Interim Report, , DfES London, Department for Education and Skills; 
Dweck, C.S., Elliott, E.S., Achievement motivation (1983) Handbook of Child Psychology, 4, pp. 643-691. , P. H. Mussen (ed.), 3rd edn, New York, Wiley; 
Feinstein, L., The early years are important but they are not all: The need for a developmental perspective on equality of opportunity (2003) New Economy, 10 (4), pp. 213-218; 
Feinstein, L., Inequality in the early cognitive development of British children in the 1970 cohort (2003) Economica, 70 (277), pp. 73-98; 
Feinstein, L., Bynner, J., The importance of developmental trajectories in mid-childhood: Effects on adult outcomes in the UK 1970 birth cohort Child Development, , Forthcoming; 
Glass, N., Sure start: The development of an early intervention programme for young children in the United Kingdom (1999) Children and Society, 13, pp. 257-264; 
Gregg, P., Wadsworth, J., More work in fewer households (1996) New Inequalities: The Changing Distribution of Income and Wealth in the UK, , J. Hills (ed.), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; 
Hanushek, E.A., Kain, J.F., Rivkin, S.G., (1998) Teachers, Schools and Academic Achievement, , NBER Working Paper W6691; 
Haveman, R., Wolfe, B., The determinants of children's attainments: A review of methods and findings (1995) Journal of Economic Literature, 33, pp. 1829-1878; 
Kagan, J., (1998) Three Seductive Ideas, , Cambridge, MA, Cambridge University Press; 
Karoly, L.A., Greenwood, P.W., Everingham, S.S., Houbé, J., Kilburn, M.R., Rydell, C.P., Sanders, M., Chiesa, J., (1998) Investing in Our Children: What We Know and Don't Know About the Costs and Benefits of Early Childhood Interventions, , Santa Monica, CA, RAND; 
McVicker Hunt, J., (1961) Intelligence and Experience, , New York, The Ronald Press; 
Pollard, A., Triggs, P., (2000) What Teachers Do: Changing Policy and Practice in Primary Education, , London, Continuum; 
Ramey, C., Ramey, S., Persistent effects of early childhood education on high risk children and their mothers (2000) Applied Developmental Science, 4 (1); 
Rutter, M., Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms (1990) Risk and Protective Factors in the Development of Psychopathology, , J. Rolf, A. S. Masten, D. Cicchetti, K. H. Nuechterlein, and S. Weintraub (eds), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press; 
Rutter, M., Nature nurture integration: The example of anti-social behaviour (1997) American Psychologist, 52, pp. 390-398; 
Schoon, I., Bynner, J., Joshi, H., Parsons, S., Wiggins, R.D., Sacker, A., The influence, timing and duration of risk experiences for the passage of childhood to midadulthood (2002) Child Development, 73, pp. 1486-1504; 
Schweinhart, L.J., Barnes, H.V., Weikart, D.P., Significant benefits: The high/scope Perry preschool study through age 27 (1993) Monographs of the High/Scope Educational Research Foundation, (10); 
Seifer, R., Sameroff, A.J., Baldwin, C.P., Baldwin, A., Child and family factors that ameliorate risk between 4 and 13 years of age (1992) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, pp. 893-903; 
Silberg, J., Rutter, M., Neale, M., Eaves, L., Genetic moderation of environmental risk for depression and anxiety in adolescent girls (2002) British Journal of Psychiatry, (SPEC. ISSUE); 
Wachs, T.D., (2000) Necessary But Not Sufficient, , Washington, DC, American Psychological Association; 
Wilson, R.S., The Louisville twin study: Developmental synchronies in behaviour (1983) Child Development, 54, pp. 298-316
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3242879883&doi=10.1093%2foxrep%2fgrh012&partnerID=40&md5=5c0ef1b674759aa67dd5af9d0f774f3e
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Educational inequality: The widening socio-economic gap
T2  - Fiscal Studies
J2  - Fisc. Stud.
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
SP  - 107
EP  - 128
PY  - 2004
SN  - 01435671 (ISSN) 
AU  - Machin, S.
AU  - Vignoles, A.
AD  - Department of Economics, London School of Economics, University College London, United Kingdom
AD  - Ctr. for the Economics of Education, Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, United Kingdom
AB  - In this paper, we consider research on links between higher education and family background, focusing particularly on the experiences of two cohorts of individuals born in 1958 and 1970. The findings point to a rise in educational inequality during the period relevant to these two cohorts. Specifically, links between educational achievement and parental income / social class strengthened during this period. Furthermore, a person's actual (measured) ability became a poorer predictor of whether they would get a degree than was previously the case. The expansion of higher education in the UK during this period appears to have disproportionately benefited children from richer families rather than the most able. Furthermore, the labour market success or failure of individuals became more closely connected to their parents' income, revealing a fall in the extent of intergenerational mobility over time.
N1  - Cited By :69
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Machin, S.; Department of Economics, London School of Economics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Blanden, J., Goodman, A., Gregg, P., Machin, S., Changes in intergenerational mobility in Britain (2002) Generational Income Mobility in North America and Europe, , M. Corak (ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, forthcoming; 
Gregg, P., Machin, S., Changes in educational inequality (2003) Discussion Paper, , Centre for the Economics of Education, forthcoming; 
Machin, S., Educational inequality and the expansion of UK higher education (2004) Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 54, pp. 230-249. , Special Issue on the Economics of Education; 
Bynner, J., Butler, N., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., Smith, K., The design and conduct of the 1999-2000 surveys of the national child development study and the 1970 british cohort study (2000) Working Paper No. 1, 1. , ftp://cls.ioe.ac.uk/pub/Cohort/Acrobat/Cswp1.pdf, Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Cohort Studies; 
Cameron, S.V., Heckman, J.J., The dynamics of educational attainment for black, Hispanic, and white males (2001) Journal of Political Economy, 109, pp. 455-499; 
Carneiro, P., Heckman, J.J., The evidence on credit constraints in post-secondary schooling (2003) Economic Journal, 112, pp. 705-734; 
Danziger, S., Waldfogel, J., Investing in children: What do we know? What should we do? (2000) CASEpaper No. 34, 34. , London School of Economics, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion; 
Dearden, L., Machin, S., Reed, H., Intergenerational mobility in Britain (1997) Economic Journal, 107, pp. 47-64; 
Feinstein, L., Inequality in the early cognitive development of British children in the 1970 cohort (2003) Economica, 70, pp. 73-97; 
Galindo-Rueda, F., Vignoles, A., Class ridden or meritocratic? An economic analysis of recent changes in Britain (2005) Journal of Human Resources, , forthcoming; 
Gibbons, S., Machin, S., Valuing English primary schools (2003) Journal of Urban Economics, 53, pp. 197-219; 
(2004) Paying for Primary Schools: Supply Constraints, School Popularity or Congestion?, , London School of Economics, Centre for Economic Performance, mimeo; 
Gipps, C., Stobart, G., (1997) Assessment: A Teacher's Guide to the Issues, , London: Hodder and Stoughton; 
Glennerster, H., United Kingdom education 1997-2001 (2001) CASEpaper No. 50, 50. , London School of Economics, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion; 
Grawe, N., (2000) The Three-day Week of 1974 and Measurement Error in the NCDS and FES Data Sets, , Carleton College, unpublished mimeo; 
Gregg, P., Harkness, S., Machin, S., Poor kids: Trends in child poverty in Britain, 1968-96 (1999) Fiscal Studies, 20, pp. 163-187; 
Machin, S., Childhood disadvantage and success or failure in the labour market (1999) Youth Employment and Joblessness in Advanced Countries, , D. Blanchflower and R. Freeman (eds), Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research; 
The relationship between childhood experiences, subsequent educational attainment and adult labour market performance (2000) Child Well Being in Modern Nations: What Do We Know?, , K. Vleminckx and T. Smeeding (eds), Bristol: Policy Press; 
Hobcraft, J., Intergenerational and life-course transmission of social exclusion: Influences and childhood poverty, family disruption and contact with the police (1998) CASEpaper No. 15, 15. , London School of Economics, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion; 
Kiernan, K., Transition to parenthood: Young mothers, young fathers - Associated factors and later life experiences (1995) Welfare State Programme Discussion Paper No. WSP/113, WSP-113. , London School of Economics, STICERD; 
Machin, S., Wage inequality in the UK (1996) Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 12 (1), pp. 47-64; 
Wage inequality in the 1970s 1980s and 1990s (1999) The State of Working Britain, , P. Gregg and J. Wadsworth (eds), Manchester: Manchester University Press; 
Wage inequality since 1975 (2003) The Labour Market under New Labour, , P. Gregg and J. Wadsworth (eds), Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan; 
Micklewright, J., A note on household income in NCDS3 (1986) Working Paper No. 18, 18. , City University NCDS User Support Group; 
Solon, G., Biases in the estimation of intergenerational earnings correlations (1989) Review of Economics and Statistics, 71, pp. 172-174; 
Intergenerational mobility in the labor market (1999) Handbook of Labor Economics, 3 A. , O. Ashenfelter and D. Card (eds), Amsterdam: North-Holland
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3042565143&partnerID=40&md5=e0ce239cb59348d951302691e4a3818e
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - An overview of progress in childhood cancer survival
T2  - Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing
J2  - J. Pediatr. Oncol. Nurs.
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
SP  - 160
EP  - 164
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1177/1043454204264407
SN  - 10434542 (ISSN) 
AU  - Smith, M.
AU  - Hare, M.L.
AD  - Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, United States
AD  - Office of Extramural Programs, Natl. Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, United States
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, NCI, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20892, United States
AB  - Survival for children with cancer has continued to improve over the past 20 years, with 5-year survival rates now approaching 80% and with an increasing number of children surviving into adulthood. In recognition of the need to address important issues for survivors of childhood cancer, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) has supported the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) since 1993. The CCSS has established a cohort of over 14,000 5-year survivors of childhood cancer initially diagnosed between 1970 and 1986 and has obtained comprehensive summaries of treatment received by these survivors through abstraction of medical records for chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical procedures. Survivors in the CCSS cohort completed a baseline questionnaire and follow-up questionnaires to provide information about their current status. The CCSS collected buccal cells for DNA isolation from members of the survivor cohort to allow evaluations of the contribution of genetic factors to long-term sequelae of cancer therapy. The CCSS is now poised to expand its contributions through studies designed to gain greater insight into the biological basis for long-term adverse effects of cancer treatment and is enlarging its efforts to include more recently treated cohorts of patients. The experts present at the work group, Moving the Research Agenda Forward for Children With Cancer, offered several possibilities for utilizing CCSS data in expanding research opportunities concerned with cancer survivorship.
KW  - Childhood cancer survival
KW  - Longitudinal cohort study
KW  - acute lymphoblastic leukemia
KW  - cancer chemotherapy
KW  - cancer radiotherapy
KW  - cancer surgery
KW  - cancer survival
KW  - cancer therapy
KW  - cheek
KW  - child
KW  - childhood cancer
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - conference paper
KW  - DNA isolation
KW  - follow up
KW  - heredity
KW  - Hodgkin disease
KW  - human
KW  - medical record
KW  - medical research
KW  - nonhodgkin lymphoma
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - surgical technique
KW  - survival rate
KW  - age distribution
KW  - cancer registry
KW  - female
KW  - forecasting
KW  - genetics
KW  - health status
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - needs assessment
KW  - neoplasm
KW  - organization and management
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - research
KW  - review
KW  - second cancer
KW  - sex ratio
KW  - statistics
KW  - survivor
KW  - treatment outcome
KW  - United States
KW  - DNA
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Child
KW  - DNA, Neoplasm
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Needs Assessment
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Neoplasms, Second Primary
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Research
KW  - SEER Program
KW  - Sex Distribution
KW  - Survival Rate
KW  - Survivors
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :36
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Conference Paper
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JONUE
C2  - 15296046
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Smith, M.; Department of Pediatrics, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, NCI, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20892, United States; email: smithm@ctep.nci.nih.gov
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: DNA, 9007-49-2; DNA, Neoplasm
N1  - References: Green, D.M., Whitton, J.A., Stovall, M., Mertens, A.C., Donaldson, S.S., Ruymann, F.B., Pregnancy outcome of female survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (2002) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 187, pp. 1070-1080; 
Green, D.M., Whitton, J.A., Stovall, M., Mertens, A.C., Donaldson, S.S., Ruymann, F.B., Pregnancy outcome of partners of male survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (2003) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21, pp. 716-721; 
Harras, A., Edwards, B.K., Blot, W.J., Ries, L.A.G., (1996) Cancer: Rates and Risks (4th Ed.), , Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 
Hudson, M.M., Mertens, A.C., Yasui, Y., Hobbie, W., Chen, H., Gurney, J.G., Health status of adult long-term survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (2003) Journal of the American Medical Association, 290, pp. 1583-1592; 
Mertens, A.C., Yasui, Y., Neglia, J.P., Potter, J.D., Nesbit Jr., M.E., Ruccione, K., Late mortality experience in five-year survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer: The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (2001) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 19, pp. 3163-3172; 
Mitby, P.A., Robison, L.L., Whitton, J.A., Zevon, M.A., Gibbs, I.C., Tersak, J.M., Utilization of special education services and educational attainment among long-term survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (2003) Cancer, 97, pp. 1115-1126; 
Neglia, J.P., Friedman, D.L., Yasui, Y., Mertens, A.C., Hammond, S., Stovall, M., Second malignant neoplasms in five-year survivors of childhood cancer: Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (2001) Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 93, pp. 618-629; 
Oeffinger, K.C., Mertens, A.C., Sklar, C.A., Yasui, Y., Fears, T., Stovall, M., Obesity in adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (2003) Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21, pp. 1359-1365; 
Ries, L.A.G., Eisner, M.P., Kosary, C.L., Hankey, B.F., Miller, B.A., Clegg, L., (2003) SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2000, , Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 
Robison, L.L., Mertens, A.C., Boice, J.D., Breslow, N.E., Donaldson, S.S., Green, D.M., Study design and cohort characteristics of the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study: A multi-institutional collaborative project (2002) Medical Pediatric Oncology, 38, pp. 229-239; 
Ross, J.A., Oeffinger, K.C., Davis, S.M., Mertens, A.C., Langer, E., Kiffmeyer, W.R., Leptin receptor gene polymorphism (Gln223Arg) and obesity in survivors of childhood ALL: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS) (2003) Blood, 102, pp. 223a; 
Smith, M.A., Anderson, B.D., Ries, L.A., Continuing improvements in outcome for children with cancer in the United States, 1979-1998 (2002) Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncologists, 21, pp. 388a; 
Zebrack, B.J., Zeltzer, L.K., Whitton, J., Mertens, A.C., Odom, L., Berkow, R., Psychological outcomes in long-term survivors of childhood leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (2002) Pediatrics, 110, pp. 42-52
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-4043086923&doi=10.1177%2f1043454204264407&partnerID=40&md5=a4faf09d98ca4b0035a3e82d8365c733
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cigarette Advertising and Female Smoking Prevalence in Spain, 1982-1997: Case Studies in International Tobacco Surveillance
T2  - Cancer
J2  - Cancer
VL  - 100
IS  - 8
SP  - 1744
EP  - 1749
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1002/cncr.20147
SN  - 0008543X (ISSN) 
AU  - Shafey, O.
AU  - Fernández, E.
AU  - Thun, M.
AU  - Schiaffino, A.
AU  - Dolwick, S.
AU  - Cokkinides, V.
AD  - American Cancer Society, Department of Epidemiology, Surveillance Research, Atlanta, GA, United States
AD  - Catalan Institute of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Control Unit, Barcelona, Spain
AD  - Department of Public Health, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
AD  - International Tobacco Surveillance, American Cancer Society, 1599 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-4251, United States
AB  - BACKGROUND. Compared with northern Europe and the U.S., the widespread initiation of cigarette smoking began 20-40 years later among young women in Spain because of strong cultural prohibitions against female smoking. In this study, the authors examined the correlation between the rapid increase in female smoking prevalence and tobacco industry cigarette marketing practices in Spain during a period of rapid social liberalization. METHODS. The authors examined age-specific, period-specific, and birth cohort-specific increases in cigarette smoking among young women in Spain in relation to internal documents from Philip Morris beginning in 1971, cigarette advertising from 1982 to 1997, and the increase in the market share of blond tobacco and "light" cigarettes preferred by women. RESULTS. Some increase in cigarette smoking occurred among Spanish women before 1970, but the increase was substantially smaller and occurred later than in many Western countries. However, after 1970, the prevalence of cigarette smoking increased rapidly in Spanish women of all ages < 50 years. The rapid increase in female smoking coincided with massive increases in television advertising, especially to women, and increases in the market share of blond tobacco, "light cigarettes," and international tobacco brands. CONCLUSIONS. The increase in cigarette smoking among young Spanish women illustrates how aggressive marketing can exploit periods of social liberalization and rapidly increase cigarette smoking among women, even in countries in which female smoking traditionally has been unacceptable. Strategies are needed to prevent similar increases in smoking by women elsewhere. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
KW  - Advertising
KW  - Female
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Spain
KW  - adult
KW  - advertizing
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - case study
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - normal human
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Spain
KW  - television
KW  - tobacco industry
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Advertising
KW  - Female
KW  - Gender Identity
KW  - History, 20th Century
KW  - Humans
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Social Conditions
KW  - Spain
KW  - Tobacco Industry
KW  - Women's Health
KW  - Women's Rights
N1  - Cited By :27
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CANCA
C2  - 15073865
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Shafey, O.; International Tobacco Surveillance, American Cancer Society, 1599 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-4251, United States; email: omar.shafey@cancer.org
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Schiaffino, A., Fernandez, E., Borrell, C., Gender and educational differences in smoking initiation rates in Spain from 1948 to 1992 (2003) Eur J Public Health, 13, pp. 56-60; 
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Shafey, O., Cokkinides, V., Cavalcante, T.M., Case studies in international tobacco surveillance: Cigarette smuggling in Brazil (2002) Tobacco Control, 11, pp. 215-219; 
Shafey, O., Dolwick, S., Guindon, G.E., (2003) Tobacco Control Country Profiles, 2003, , Atlanta American Cancer Society; 
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Ferlay, J., Bray, F., Pisani, P., (2001) Globocan 2000: Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Prevalence Worldwide, Version 1.0 [Computer Program], , Lyon, France: IARC; 
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Borras, J., Borras, J.M., Galceran, J., Trends in smoking-related cancer incidence in Tarragona, Spain, 1980-96 (2001) Cancer Causes Control, 12, pp. 903-908; 
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(1992), http://www.pmdocs.com, Summary. Philip Morris USA, Inc. Bates no. 2501201589/1612; Salguero, C., (1987) Board Presentation - Latin America/Iberia, , http://www.pmdocs.com, Philip Morris USA, Inc. Bates no. 2504048788/8800; 
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Maxwell, J.C., (2002) The Maxwell Consumer Report: 2001 International Tobacco Report Part One and Part Two, , Richmond, VA: Davenport & Company LLC; 
Bosch, F.X., Cardis, E., Black tobacco and cancer: Introducing an epidemiological review (1991) Eur J Cancer, 27, pp. 1345-1348; 
(2000) Tobacco Journal International. Voges Tobacco Encyclopedia, , Mainz, Germany: Verlagsgruppe Rhein Main GmbH & Company; 
Perliski, G., http://www.hoovers.com/free/co/factsheetxhtml?ID=61627; (2002) Tobacco Industry Advertising Expenditures in Spain, 1982-1997, , Madrid: INFOADEX, S.A; 
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World Population Prospects 1950-2050, , http://www.un.org/esa/population/unpop.htm; 
Malone, R.E., Balbach, E.D., Tobacco industry documents: Treasure trove or quagmire? (2000) Tobacco Control, 9, pp. 334-338; 
(2000), http://www.pmdocs.com, Philip Morris USA, Inc. document site. Philip Morris USA, Inc., November 3; Joossens, L., Sasco, A., (1999) Some Like It "Light": Women and Smoking in the European Union, , Brussels: European Network for Smoking Prevention; 
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(2001) Women and Smoking: A Report of the Surgeon General, , Rockville: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Surgeon General; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Country of birth, country of residence, and menopausal transitions and symptoms: British birth cohort and Australian longitudinal study on women's health
T2  - Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
J2  - Aust. New Zealand J. Public Health
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
SP  - 144
EP  - 151
PY  - 2004
SN  - 13260200 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lee, C.
AU  - Mishra, G.
AU  - Kuh, D.
AD  - School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
AD  - MRC Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
AD  - Medical Research Council, Natl. Survey of Health/Development, Royal Free/Univ. College London, London, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective: To explore endocrine-related and general symptoms among three groups of middle-aged women defined by country of birth and country of residence, in the context of debates about biological, cultural and other factors in menopause. Methods: British-born women participating in a British birth cohort study (n=1,362) and age-matched Australian-born (n=1,724) and British-born (n=233) Australian women selected from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) responded to two waves of surveys at ages 48 and 50. Results: Australian-Australian and British-Australian women report reaching menopause later than British-British women, even after accounting for smoking status and parity. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use was lower and hysterectomy was more common among both Australian groups, probably reflecting differences in health services between Britain and Australia. The Australian-Australian and British-Australian groups were more likely to report endocrine-related symptoms than the British-British group, even after adjusting for menopausal status. British-British women were more likely to report some general symptoms. Conclusions: Symptom reporting is high among Australian and British midlife women and varies by country of residence, country of birth and menopausal status. Implications: The data do not support either a simple cultural or a simple biological explanation for differences in menopause experience.
KW  - biological factor
KW  - hormone
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - Australia
KW  - birth
KW  - controlled study
KW  - cultural factor
KW  - endocrine system
KW  - female
KW  - groups by age
KW  - health service
KW  - health survey
KW  - hormone substitution
KW  - human
KW  - hysterectomy
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - menopausal syndrome
KW  - smoking
KW  - symptomatology
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Australia
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Geography
KW  - Humans
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Menopause
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Residence Characteristics
KW  - Women's Health
N1  - Cited By :7
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AZPHF
C2  - 15233354
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lee, C.; School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; email: c.lee@psy.uq.edu.au
N1  - References: Robinson, G., Cross-cultural perspectives on menopause (1996) J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 184, pp. 453-458; 
Herrington, D.M., Howard, T.D., From presumed benefit to potential harm - Hormone therapy and heart disease (2003) N. Engl. J. Med., 349, pp. 519-521; 
Boulet, M.J., Oddens, B.J., Lehert, P., Climacteric and menopause in seven south-east Asian countries (1994) Maturitas, 19, pp. 157-176; 
Dennerstein, L., Smith, A., Morse, C., Menopausal symptoms in Australian women (1993) Med. J. Aust., 159, pp. 232-236; 
Kuh, D.L., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Hardy, R., Women's health in midlife: The influence of the menopause, social factors and health in earlier life (1997) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 104, pp. 923-933; 
Zapantis, G., Santoro, N., The menopausal transition: Characteristics and management (2003) Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 17, pp. 33-52; 
Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Menopause and urogenital disorders: A life course perspective (2002) A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, , Kuh D, Hardy R, editors. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press; 
Dennerstein, L., Dudley, E.C., Hopper, J.L., Guthrie, J.R., Burger, H.G., A prospective population-based study of menopausal symptoms (2000) J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 96, pp. 351-358; 
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Matthews, K.A., Wing, R.R., Kuller, L.H., Influences of natural menopause on psychological characteristics and symptoms of middle-aged healthy women (1990) J. Consult Clin. Psychol., 58, pp. 345-351; 
Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Rodgers, B., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Lifetime risk factors for women's psychological distress in midlife (2002) Soc. Sci. Med., 55, pp. 1957-1973; 
Gold, E.B., Sternfield, B., Kelsey, J.L., Relation of demographic and life-style factors to symptoms in a multi-racial/ethnic population of women 40-55 years of age (2000) Am. J. Epidemiol., 152, pp. 463-473; 
Mishra, G., Lee, C., Dobson, A.J., Brown, W., Menopausal transitions, symptoms and country of birth: The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (2002) Aust. N. Z. J. Public Health, 26, pp. 563-570; 
Castles, S., Foster, W., Iredale, R., Withers, G., (1998) Immigration and Australia: Myths and Realities, , Sydney (NSW): Allen Unwin; 
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Appleyard, A.T., (1964) British Emigration to Australia, , Canberra (ACT): Australian National University; 
Strong, K., Trickett, P., Bhatia, K., The health of overseas-born Australians, 1994-1996 (1998) Aust. Health Rev., 21, pp. 124-133; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., Kuh, D.J., Childhood influences on adult health: A review of recent work from the British 1946 national birth cohort study, the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (1997) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 11, pp. 2-20; 
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Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Change in psychological and vasomotor symptom reporting during the menopause (2002) Soc. Sci. Med., 55, pp. 1975-1988; 
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Power, C., Parsons, T., Overweight and obesity from a life course perspective (2002) A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, , Kuh D, Hardy R, editors. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press; 
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Taffe, J., Dennerstein, L., Retrospective self-report compared with menstrual diary data prospectively kept during the menopausal transition (2000) Climacteric, 3, pp. 183-191
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - School-leaving decisions in Australia: A cohort analysis
T2  - Education Economics
J2  - Educ. Econ.
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
SP  - 39
EP  - 66
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1080/0964529042000193943
SN  - 09645292 (ISSN) 
AU  - Le, A.T.
AU  - Miller, P.W.
AD  - Business School, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawly, WA 6009, Australia
AB  - The decision to invest in education is influenced by a large number of economic, social, family, personal and institutional factors. Many of these changed in Australia during the 1970s and 1980s. Several of the more important of these changes, such as the Equal Pay for Equal Work decision of 1969, the Equal Pay for Work of Equal Value decision of 1972 and the Sex Discrimination Act of 1984, are not expected to have impacted equally on the schooling decisions of males and females. The broader economic environment of this period also seems to have favoured females. Using the Youth in Transition Survey, this paper attempts to explain differences in the schooling decisions of two cohorts, namely individuals born in 1961 and 1970, which would have made their school-leaving decisions during the 1970s and 1980s. The aims are to establish whether the way in which education decisions are made differ across cohorts, and to assess whether any such differences can be related to the institutional reforms and labour market changes that occurred over the 1960-1980 period. The analyses show that females have a higher probability of completing year 12 than males and the gender difference in rates of year 12 completion widened over the decade under review. The increase in the probability of females completing year 12 relative to that of males is due almost entirely to differential rates of change in the characteristics of males and females. Changes in the estimated coefficients play a minor role in explaining the gender difference in school-leaving decisions. This suggests that major changes in the labour market with a focus on females per se during the 1970s and 1980s have had little impact on the difference in school-leaving decisions between males and females. © 2004 Taylor and Francis Ltd.
KW  - educational attainment
KW  - gender disparity
KW  - labor market
KW  - labor participation
KW  - Australasia
KW  - Australia
N1  - Cited By :6
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Le, A.T.; Business School, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawly, WA 6009, Australia
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Childhood Growth and Breast Cancer
T2  - American Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Am. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 159
IS  - 7
SP  - 671
EP  - 682
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1093/aje/kwh097
SN  - 00029262 (ISSN) 
AU  - De Stavola, B.L.
AU  - Dos Santos Silva, I.
AU  - McCormack, V.
AU  - Hardy, R.J.
AU  - Kuh, D.J.
AU  - Wadsworth, M.E.J.
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pop. Health, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., London, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Univ. College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pop. Health, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
AB  - Adult height is known to be positively associated with breast cancer risk. The mechanism underlying this association is complex, since adult height is positively correlated with age at menarche, which in turn is negatively associated with breast cancer risk. The authors used prospective data from a British cohort of 2,547 girls followed from birth in 1946 to the end of 1999 to examine breast cancer risk in relation to childhood growth. As expected, adult height was positively associated with age at menarche and breast cancer. In childhood, cases were taller and leaner, on average, than noncases. Significant predictors of breast cancer risk in models containing all components of growth were height velocity at age 4-7 years (for a one-standard-deviation increase, odds ratio (OR) = 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13, 2.09) and age 11-15 years (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.71) and body mass index velocity (weight (kg)/height (m)2/year) at age 2-4 years (OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.83). The effects of these variables were particularly marked in women with early menarche (age &lt;12.5 years). These findings suggest that women who grow faster in childhood and reach an adult height above the average for their menarche category are at particularly increased risk of breast cancer.
KW  - Body height
KW  - Body weight
KW  - Breast neoplasms
KW  - Child
KW  - Growth
KW  - Menarche
KW  - cancer
KW  - child development
KW  - risk factor
KW  - weight
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - body height
KW  - body mass
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - child
KW  - child growth
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - menarche
KW  - prospective study
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Breast Neoplasms
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Growth
KW  - Humans
KW  - Menarche
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Risk Factors
N1  - Cited By :84
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJEPA
C2  - 15033645
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: De Stavola, B.L.; Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pop. Health, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; email: bianca.destavola@lshtm.ac.uk
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1642420999&doi=10.1093%2faje%2fkwh097&partnerID=40&md5=c4cd4e028ba1049f65a092f4c4f1c360
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Psychological outcomes in midadulthood associated with mother's child-rearing attitudes in early childhood: Evidence from the 1970 British birth cohort
T2  - European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
J2  - Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
SP  - 35
EP  - 41
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1007/s00787-004-0355-5
SN  - 10188827 (ISSN) 
AU  - Flouri, E.
AD  - Dept. of Social Plcy. and Social Wk., University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom
AB  - This study used longitudinal data from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) to examine the role of mother's child-rearing attitudes assessed when cohort members were aged 5 in children's psychological well-being (psychological functioning, psychological distress, life satisfaction and self-efficacy) at age 30. Although at the multivariate level mother's child-rearing attitudes were not related to sons' psychological well-being in adult life, in daughters self-efficacy and life satisfaction at age 30 were related to mother's anti-child autonomy attitudes and mother's non-authoritarian child-rearing attitudes, respectively. In addition, mother's non-authoritarian child-rearing attitudes had a protective effect against later psychological distress and low self-efficacy in daughters who had experienced significant material disadvantage in early childhood.
KW  - Child-rearing attitudes
KW  - Parenting
KW  - Psychological well-being
KW  - adulthood
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - attitude
KW  - birth
KW  - child
KW  - child psychology
KW  - child rearing
KW  - childhood
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - distress syndrome
KW  - evidence based medicine
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - life satisfaction
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mental health
KW  - mother child relation
KW  - self concept
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - wellbeing
KW  - Adult
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Child Rearing
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Family
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Humans
KW  - Linear Models
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Maternal Behavior
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Mother-Child Relations
KW  - Mothers
KW  - Parenting
KW  - Personal Satisfaction
KW  - Psychometrics
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Self Efficacy
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Stress, Psychological
N1  - Cited By :13
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EAPSE
C2  - 14991430
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Flouri, E.; Dept. of Social Plcy. and Social Wk., University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom; email: eirini.flouri@socres.ox.ac.uk
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1442349762&doi=10.1007%2fs00787-004-0355-5&partnerID=40&md5=80798737d5f5f08ba39569137e15cd52
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Projecting and monitoring the life course of the Marijuana/Blunts generation
T2  - Journal of Drug Issues
J2  - J. Drug Issues
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
SP  - 361
EP  - 388
PY  - 2004
SN  - 00220426 (ISSN) 
AU  - Golub, A.
AU  - Johnson, B.D.
AU  - Dunlap, E.
AU  - Sifaneck, S.
AD  - Natl. Devmt. and Res. Inst., Inc., United States
AD  - Inst. for Spec. Populations Research, Natl. Devmt. and Res. Inst., Inc., United States
AB  - Since the 1990s, marijuana has been the drug of choice among American youths, especially those that tend to sustain arrests. Previous birth cohorts had greater use of crack, powder cocaine, or heroin. This paper summarizes prior research that strongly suggests drug eras tend to follow a regular course. These insights then serve as the basis for projecting trends in marijuana use both for the general population nationwide and for Manhattan arrestees. To the extent that current trends persist, the prospects for the "Marijuana/Blunts Generation" (born 1970 and later) may be relatively good. These young persons may successfully avoid "hard drugs" as well as the attendant health, social, and legal problems for their entire life, but they may experience higher levels of smoking-related ailments. The conclusion presents issues for continued drug surveillance and ethnographic research to more accurately understand the Marijuana/Blunts Era and to provide an indicator of future changes as they occur.
KW  - cannabis
KW  - cocaine
KW  - diamorphine
KW  - accuracy
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - birth
KW  - cannabis addiction
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - drug choice
KW  - drug surveillance program
KW  - ethnic difference
KW  - experience
KW  - futurology
KW  - health status
KW  - heroin dependence
KW  - history of medicine
KW  - human
KW  - juvenile delinquency
KW  - legal aspect
KW  - lifestyle
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - population research
KW  - risk benefit analysis
KW  - smoking
KW  - smoking cessation
KW  - social problem
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :38
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JDGIA
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Natl. Devmt. and Res. Inst., Inc.United States
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: cannabis, 8001-45-4, 8063-14-7; cocaine, 50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1; diamorphine, 1502-95-0, 561-27-3
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Increased mortality rates in young and middle-aged patients with malignant germ cell tumours
T2  - British Journal of Cancer
J2  - Br. J. Cancer
VL  - 90
IS  - 3
SP  - 607
EP  - 612
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601558
SN  - 00070920 (ISSN) 
AU  - Fosså, S.D.
AU  - Aass, N.
AU  - Harvei, S.
AU  - Tretli, S.
AD  - Norwegian Radium Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
AD  - Cancer Registry of Norway, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
AB  - Cisplatin-based chemotherapy of malignant germ cell tumours (MGCT) has been reported to increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity. A high incidence of second nongerm cell malignancies is well documented in MGCT survivors. The death risk due to these conditions is, however, more unknown in MGCT patients. Standard mortality rates (SMRs) were established in 3378 Norwegian MGCT patients treated from 1962 to 1997 aged ≤55 years. The patients represented three principal treatment strategies: 1962/ 1969 (period 1): radiotherapy only; 1970/1979 (period 2): radiotherapy with or without noncisplatin-containing chemotherapy; 1980/ 1997 (period 3): surgery only or radiotherapy or cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Patients were censored when they reached the age of 60 years. Patients not dying from MGCT displayed significantly increased SMRs for respectively diseases of the circulatory system (SMR: 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI); 1.0-1.5), benign gastrointestinal disorders (SMR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1-3.5) and nongerm cell malignancies (SMR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.7-2.4). The SMRs for diseases of the circulatory system were similar in the three observation periods, whereas the highest SMR for benign gastrointestinal disorders was observed in patients from period 2. The risk of dying from a nongerm cell malignancy was increased both in periods 2 and 3. In conclusion, although the overall SMR for diseases of the circulatory system is increased in MCGT survivors, the introduction of cisplatin-based chemotherapy into the treatment of MGCT has so far not resulted in increased death rates due to these conditions. Patients with MGCT have a significantly increased relative death risk due to a second nongerm cell cancer, even after the introduction of modern treatment principles with overall reduction of radiotherapy. The increased death risk due to benign gastrointestinal disorders, probably related to radiotherapy, requires future indepth analysis. © 2004 Cancer Research UK.
KW  - Cardiovascular diseases
KW  - Malignant germ cell tumours
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Nongerm cell cancer
KW  - antineoplastic agent
KW  - bleomycin
KW  - cisplatin
KW  - cyclophosphamide
KW  - dactinomycin
KW  - doxorubicin
KW  - methotrexate
KW  - mitomycin
KW  - vinblastine
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - appendicitis
KW  - article
KW  - cancer chemotherapy
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cancer radiotherapy
KW  - cancer surgery
KW  - cancer survival
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - cause of death
KW  - cholelithiasis
KW  - confidence interval
KW  - controlled study
KW  - esophagus ulcer
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - gastroduodenal ulcer
KW  - gastrointestinal disease
KW  - germ cell tumor
KW  - human
KW  - iatrogenic disease
KW  - infant
KW  - liver cirrhosis
KW  - liver disease
KW  - lymph node dissection
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - metastasis
KW  - mortality
KW  - multimodality cancer therapy
KW  - neoplasm
KW  - non seminomatous germinoma
KW  - Norway
KW  - observation
KW  - peritonitis
KW  - priority journal
KW  - radiation injury
KW  - register
KW  - risk factor
KW  - second cancer
KW  - seminoma
KW  - survival
KW  - vascular disease
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
KW  - Cardiovascular Diseases
KW  - Cisplatin
KW  - Combined Modality Therapy
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal
KW  - Neoplasms, Second Primary
KW  - Radiation Injuries
KW  - Registries
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Survival Analysis
N1  - Cited By :60
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJCAA
C2  - 14760372
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Fosså, S.D.; Norwegian Radium Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; email: s.d.fossa@klinmed.uio.no
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: bleomycin, 11056-06-7; cisplatin, 15663-27-1, 26035-31-4, 96081-74-2; cyclophosphamide, 50-18-0; dactinomycin, 1402-38-6, 1402-58-0, 50-76-0; doxorubicin, 23214-92-8, 25316-40-9; methotrexate, 15475-56-6, 59-05-2, 7413-34-5; mitomycin, 1404-00-8; vinblastine, 865-21-4; Cisplatin, 15663-27-1
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Dawson, L.A., Ten Haken, R.K., Lawrence, T.S., Partial irradiation of the liver (2001) Semin Radiat Oncol, 11, pp. 240-246; 
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Fosså, S.D., Horwich, A., Russell, J.M., Roberts, J.T., Cullen, M.H., Hodson, N.J., Jones, W.G., Stenning, S.P., Optimal planning target volume for stage I testicular seminoma: A Medical Research Council Testicular Tumour Working Group (1999) J Clin Oncol, 17, pp. 1146-1154; 
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Nord, C., Bjøro, T., Ellingsen, D., Mykletun, A., Dahl, O., Klepp, O., Bremnes, R.M., Fosså, S.D., Gonadal hormones in long- term survivors 10 years after treatment for unilateral testicular cancer (2003) Eur Urol, 44, pp. 322-328; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1542269284&doi=10.1038%2fsj.bjc.6601558&partnerID=40&md5=adea867439a0dc6cd1c53d4b8183b441
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Birthweight, childhood growth, and blood pressure at 43 years in a British birth cohort
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Int. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
SP  - 121
EP  - 129
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1093/ije/dyh027
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Hardy, R.
AU  - Wadsworth, M.E.J.
AU  - Langenberg, C.
AU  - Kuh, D.
AD  - Med. Res. Council Natl. Survey Hlth., Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, Royal Free/Univ. Coll. Med. School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
AB  - Background. Low birthweight is associated with high blood pressure in later life, but it is unclear whether the association is confounded with or modified by maternal and socioeconomic factors or childhood growth. Methods. A total of 3157 men and women from a British birth cohort study where the survey members have been followed up regularly since their birth in 1946 were included in analyses. The associations between birthweight, childhood growth and blood pressure at 43 years of age were assessed using multiple regression models. Results. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased by 2.3 mmHg (95% CI: 0.8, 3.5) for men and 1.8 mmHg (95% CI: 0.1, 3.5) for women per 1-kg increase in birthweight. The effect was stronger in first born or those born to younger mothers. There was no confounding with any maternal, socioeconomic, or childhood growth variable. SBP increased by 1.45 mmHg (95% CI: 0.11, 2.78) in women and 0.46 mmHg (95% CI: -0.70, 1.62) in men per standard deviation of body mass index (BMI) change between ages 7 and 15 years. Among women this effect was not completely accounted for by adult size and was independent of birthweight. Conclusions. The determinants of birthweight, possibly related to maternal health during pregnancy, may impact on the relationship with SBP in middle life. The importance of tackling the increasing levels of childhood obesity seen in later cohorts is highlighted by the detrimental impact on SBP of large increases in BMI during adolescence. © International Epidemiological Association 2004; all rights reserved.
KW  - Birth order
KW  - Birthweight
KW  - Blood pressure
KW  - Childhood growth
KW  - Cohort study
KW  - Maternal age
KW  - Socioeconomic status
KW  - hypertension
KW  - adolescence
KW  - adult
KW  - adulthood
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - blood pressure
KW  - body mass
KW  - body size
KW  - child growth
KW  - childbirth
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - correlation analysis
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - gender
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - maternal welfare
KW  - mother
KW  - multiple regression
KW  - obesity
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - priority journal
KW  - sex difference
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - systolic blood pressure
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Birth Order
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Blood Pressure
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Growth
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Maternal Age
KW  - Sex Distribution
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
N1  - Cited By :78
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJEPB
C2  - 15075157
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hardy, R.; Med. Res. Council Natl. Survey Hlth., Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, Royal Free/Univ. Coll. Med. School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; email: rebecca.hardy@ucl.ac.uk
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Arslanian, S., Suprasongsin, C., Insulin sensitivity, lipids, and body composition in childhood: Is 'syndrome X' present? (1996) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 81, pp. 1058-1062; 
Gower, B.A., Nagy, T.R., Goran, M.I., Visceral fat, insulin sensitivity, and lipids in prepubertal children (1999) Diabetes, 48, pp. 1515-1521; 
Beckett, L.A., Rosner, B., Roche, A.F., Guo, S., Serial changes in blood pressure from adolescence into adulthood (1992) Am. J. Epidemiol., 135, pp. 1166-1177; 
Bao, W., Srinivasan, S.R., Wattigney, W.A., Berensen, G.S., Persistence of the multiple cardiovascular risk clustering related to syndrome x from childhood to young adulthood (1994) Arch. Intern. Med., 154, pp. 1842-1848; 
Raitakari, O.T., Porkka, K.V.K., Rasanen, L., Ronnemaa, T., Vikari, J.S.A., Clustering and six year cluster-tracking of serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure in children and young adults (1994) J. Clin. Epidemiol., 47, pp. 1085-1093; 
Vanhala, M., Vanhala, P., Kumpusalo, E., Halonen, P., Takala, J., Relation between obesity from childhood to adulthood and the metabolic syndrome (1998) BMJ, 317, p. 319; 
Sharma, A.M., Grassi, G., Obesity and hypertension: Cause or consequence? (2001) J. Hypertens., 19, pp. 2125-2126; 
Kuh, D.J.L., Cooper, C., Physical activity at 36 years: Patterns and childhood predictors in a longitudinal study (1992) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 46, pp. 914-916; 
Hardy, R., Wadsworth, M., Kuh, D., The influence of childhood weight and socioeconomic status on change in adult body mass index in a British national cohort (2000) Int. J. Obesity, 24, pp. 725-734
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-13444288521&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyh027&partnerID=40&md5=900941b915b4e3e7c8cac8518f992941
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Adolescent smoking and trends in lung cancer incidence among young adults in Norway 1954-1998
T2  - Cancer Causes and Control
J2  - Cancer Causes Control
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
SP  - 27
EP  - 33
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1023/B:CACO.0000016575.31651.b0
SN  - 09575243 (ISSN) 
AU  - Strand, T.-E.
AU  - Malayeri, C.
AU  - Eskonsipo, P.K.J.
AU  - Grimsrud, T.K.
AU  - Norstein, J.
AU  - Grotmol, T.
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
AD  - Cancer Registry of Norway, Inst. of Pop.-based Cancer Research, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
AB  - Objective: To describe the national trends in lung cancer incidence among young adults and the relationship to adolescent smoking. Methods: Between 1954 and 1998, a total of 1108 non-carcinoid lung cancers were reported to the Cancer Registry of Norway in individuals aged 20-44 years. Temporal variations were studied in age and sex specific rates, in age-adjusted rates, and by means of age-period-cohort modelling. The association between cancer incidence and smoking prevalence was evaluated. Results: The lung cancer incidence rate among women aged 40-44 in Norway continued to increase into the most recent time interval (1994-1998) whereas the rate among men aged 40-44 was essentially constant after 1970. Consequently, lung cancer incidence rates converged among male and female young adults. Lung cancer incidence rates at age 40-44 were highly correlated with smoking prevalence at age 15-19 in males (r = 0.88) and females (r = 0.82) within the same birth cohort. Conclusions: The lung cancer incidence rate in young Norwegian women now equals that of men. The risk at age 40-44 was closely associated with teenage smoking, indicating that duration and age of onset are important.
KW  - Lung cancer
KW  - Teenage smoking
KW  - Trend
KW  - Young adult
KW  - adolescence
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - disease association
KW  - evaluation
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - Norway
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - register
KW  - smoking
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Lung Neoplasms
KW  - Male
KW  - Norway
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Registries
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smoking
N1  - Cited By :27
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CCCNE
C2  - 14970732
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Grimsrud, T.K.; Cancer Registry of Norway, Inst. of Pop.-based Cancer Research, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; email: tom.k.grimsrud@kreftregisteret.no
N1  - Funding text: q This study was performed at the Cancer Registry of Norway with financial support from the Nordic Cancer Union and the Norwegian Cancer Society. * Address correspondence to: Dr Tom K Grimsrud, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-based Cancer Research, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway. Ph.: +47-2333-3922; Fax: +47-2245-1370; E-mail: tom.k.grimsrud@kreftregisteret.no
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Tobacco Smoking (1986) IARC Monogr Eval Carcinogenic Risks Hum., 38, pp. 1-421. , Lyon: IARC; 
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Rønneberg, A., Lund, K.E., Hafstad, A., Lifetime smoking habits among Norwegian men and women born between 1890 and 1974 (1994) Int J Epidemiol, 23, pp. 267-276; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1542614435&doi=10.1023%2fB%3aCACO.0000016575.31651.b0&partnerID=40&md5=0142f49da698c7d65d3d6657c4033e60
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Birth weight and later risk of depression in a national birth cohort
T2  - British Journal of Psychiatry
J2  - Br. J. Psychiatry
VL  - 184
IS  - JAN.
SP  - 28
EP  - 33
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1192/bjp.184.1.28
SN  - 00071250 (ISSN) 
AU  - Gale, C.R.
AU  - Martyn, C.N.
AD  - MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
AB  - Background: Low birth weight increases the risk of childhood behavioural problems, but it is not clear whether poor foetal growth has a long-term influence on susceptibility to depression. Aims: To examine the relation between birth weight and risk of psychological distress and depression. Method: At age 16 years 5187 participants in the 1970 British Cohort Study completed the 12-item General Health Questionnaire to assess psychological distress. At age 26 years 8292 participants completed the Malaise Inventory to assess depression and provided information about a history of depression. Results: Women whose birth weight was ≤ 3 kg had an increased risk of depression at age 26 years (OR=1.3; 95% CI 1.0-1.5) compared with those who weighed > 3.5 kg. Birth weight was not associated with a reported history of depression or with risk of psychological distress at age 16 years. In men there were no associations between any measurement and the full range of birth weight but, compared with men of normal birth weight, those born weighing ≤ 2.5 kg were more likely to be psychologically distressed at age 16 years (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.5) and to report a history of depression at age 26 years (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.1-2.3). Conclusions: Impaired neurodevelopment during foetal life may increase susceptibility to depression.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - depression
KW  - disease association
KW  - disease predisposition
KW  - distress syndrome
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - low birth weight
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - risk factor
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Depressive Disorder
KW  - Disease Susceptibility
KW  - Female
KW  - Fetal Growth Retardation
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant, Low Birth Weight
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Male
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
KW  - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Sex Factors
N1  - Cited By :161
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJPYA
C2  - 14702224
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Gale, C.R.; MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; email: crg@mrc.soton.ac.uk
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0347634391&doi=10.1192%2fbjp.184.1.28&partnerID=40&md5=6a7590316e34df5c1e30d75986b3f91e
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The generational transmission of socioeconomic inequalities in child cognitive development and emotional health
T2  - Social Science and Medicine
J2  - Soc. Sci. Med.
VL  - 58
IS  - 6
SP  - 1147
EP  - 1158
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00286-7
SN  - 02779536 (ISSN) 
AU  - Najman, J.M.
AU  - Aird, R.
AU  - Bor, W.
AU  - O'Callaghan, M.
AU  - Williams, G.M.
AU  - Shuttlewood, G.J.
AD  - Schools Social Sci. and Pop. Hlth., University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
AD  - Mater Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD, Australia
AD  - School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
AD  - School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Public Health Building, Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
AB  - Socioeconomic inequalities in the health of adults have been largely attributed to lifestyle inequalities. The cognitive development (CD) and emotional health (EH) of the child provides a basis for many of the health-related behaviours which are observed in adulthood. There has been relatively little attention paid to the way CD and EH are transmitted in the foetal and childhood periods, even though these provide a foundation for subsequent socioeconomic inequalities in adult health. The Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) is a large, prospective, pre-birth cohort study which enrolled 8556 pregnant women at their first clinic visit over the period 1981-1983. These mothers (and their children) have been followed up at intervals until 14 years after the birth. The socioeconomic status of the child was measured using maternal age, family income, and marital status and the grandfathers' occupational status. Measures of child CD and child EH were obtained at 5 and 14 years of age. Child smoking at 14 years of age was also determined. Family income was related to all measures of child CD and EH and smoking, independently of all other indicators of the socioeconomic status of the child. In addition, the grandfathers' occupational status was independently related to child CD (at 5 and 14 years of age). Children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families (previous generations' socioeconomic status as well as current socioeconomic status) begin their lives with a poorer platform of health and a reduced capacity to benefit from the economic and social advances experienced by the rest of society. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Child
KW  - Cognitive
KW  - Grandfather
KW  - Longitudinal
KW  - Mental health
KW  - Socioeconomic
KW  - cognition
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - child development
KW  - childbirth
KW  - cognitive development
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - emotional stability
KW  - family life
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - health behavior
KW  - human
KW  - income
KW  - infant
KW  - lifestyle
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - marriage
KW  - maternal age
KW  - mental health
KW  - occupation
KW  - outcomes research
KW  - outpatient department
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - smoking
KW  - social aspect
KW  - socioeconomics
PB  - Elsevier Ltd
N1  - Cited By :96
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SSMDE
C2  - 14723909
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Najman, J.M.; School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Public Health Building, Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia; email: j.najman@uq.edu.au
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Setter, C., Peter, R., Siegrist, J., Hort, W., Impact of school and vocational education on smoking behaviour: Results from a large-scale study on adolescents and young adults in Germany' (1998) Sozial und Praventivmedizin, 43 (3), pp. 133-140; 
Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Rush, M.A., Whalley, L.J., Deary, I.J., (2001) Archives Disease Childhood, 85 (3), pp. 189-196; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0347320656&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2803%2900286-7&partnerID=40&md5=24ca70d9f1d0c022de61b56ba1f3309c
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Variations in the risk of disability pension in Norway 1970 - 99: A gender-specific age-period-cohort analysis
T2  - Scandinavian Journal of Public Health
J2  - Scand. J. Public Health
VL  - 32
IS  - 5
SP  - 340
EP  - 348
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1080/14034940410029487
SN  - 14034948 (ISSN) 
AU  - Gjesdal, S.
AU  - Gunnar Maeland, J.
AU  - Lie, R.T.
AD  - Division for Social Medicine, Program for Health Economics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
AD  - Division for Medical Statistics, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
AB  - Aims: A study was undertaken to investigate whether cohort or period effects could explain the varying and generally increasing incidence of disability pension in Norway between 1970 and 1999. Methods: The study used data from a complete national register of new disability cases in Norway, including all cases of disability pension in the 16 - 60 age group categorized according to age and gender for each year from 1970 to 1999. The population at risk was defined for each year from census data and number of individuals already receiving disability pension. Data were organized in five-year age groups, five-year time periods and corresponding overlapping nine-year birth cohorts. Age- and gender-specific rates were displayed graphically for periods and cohorts. Separate Poisson regression models were fitted for age periods and age cohorts. Finally a combined age, period, and cohort model was applied. Results: The overall incidence was 7.4/1,000 non-disabled persons per year for women and 6.0/1,000 for men. For women 52.1% of the cases were in the 51 - 60 age group, whereas the corresponding figure for men was 57.6%. Statistical analysis showed an increasing trend for both genders, more pronounced for women than men. All time periods deviated significantly from the trend, either upwards or downwards. Age-cohort models showed less variation, but recent cohorts had higher than expected rates, especially for men. Conclusions: Further studies should investigate why Norwegian women were more affected by the period effects than men. An increasing incidence of disability pension among recent cohorts is a major challenge for the Norwegian welfare system. © 2004, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.
KW  - disability pension
KW  - incidence
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age distribution
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - health care policy
KW  - high risk population
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - Norway
KW  - pension
KW  - Poisson distribution
KW  - population research
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - sex difference
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - work disability
KW  - workman compensation
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Insurance, Disability
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Norway
KW  - Pensions
KW  - Registries
KW  - Risk Adjustment
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Sex Distribution
N1  - Cited By :17
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 15513666
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Gjesdal, S.; Division for Social Medicine, University of Bergen, Ulriksdal 8c, 5009 Bergen, Norway
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-12544253234&doi=10.1080%2f14034940410029487&partnerID=40&md5=a230e7b6b660462f3b562c6fed99e772
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Trends in asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema among Swedish conscripts from farming and non-farming environments. A nationwide study over three decades
T2  - Clinical and Experimental Allergy
J2  - Clin. Exp. Allergy
VL  - 34
IS  - 1
SP  - 38
EP  - 43
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01841.x
SN  - 09547894 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bråbäck, L.
AU  - Hjern, A.
AU  - Rasmussen, F.
AD  - Mid Sweden R. and D. Centre, Sundsvall Hospital, Sweden
AD  - Unit of Paediatrics, Dept. Women's and Children's Hlth., Uppsala University, Sweden
AD  - Centre for Epidemiology, Swed. Natl. Bd. of Hlth. and Welfare, Sweden
AD  - Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - Background: Asthma and allergies are less common in children who have been raised in farming environments. Objectives: To assess whether children who grow up in a farming environment have been protected against the general increase in atopic disorders in Sweden and whether other rural environments could also be protective. Method: Linkage at an individual level of three national registers in Sweden: The Swedish Military Service Conscription Register (MSCR), the Register of the Total Population (RTP) and the Population and Housing Censuses (PHC). Asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema at conscription were analysed in relation to area of residence, parental occupation, maternal age, family size and being the first born for 1 309 652 male conscripts in three successive cohorts born between 1952 and 1981. Results: Allergic rhinitis and eczema displayed a continuous increase throughout the study period, whereas the rise in asthma mainly occurred in conscripts born after 1961. Farming environments and rural living already provided protection from allergic rhinitis in conscripts born during the 1950s, but the protective effect was greater in later cohorts. An inverse association was observed between farm living and asthma, but mainly in conscripts born after 1970. The adjusted risk ratios for asthma in conscripts from farming vs. non-farming families were 1.00 (95% CI 0.93-1.07), 0.94 (95% CI 0.88-1.01) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.79-0.91) in conscripts born in 1952-1961, 1962-1971 and 1972-1981, respectively. Rural living per se had no effect on the occurrence of asthma. Eczema was less common in rural areas, but the time trend was similar in urban and rural areas. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that environmental changes affecting the whole of society have promoted an increase in asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in both farming and non-farming environments. A lower risk of allergic rhinitis in conscripts whose parents were involved in farming was observed in all birth cohorts, whereas the protective effect of growing up on a farm on the risk of asthma appears to be a fairly recent phenomenon.
KW  - Allergic rhinitis
KW  - Asthma
KW  - Conscripts
KW  - Eczema
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Farm environment
KW  - Rural
KW  - Time trend
KW  - Urban
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - agricultural worker
KW  - allergic rhinitis
KW  - analysis
KW  - article
KW  - asthma
KW  - atopy
KW  - birth order
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - disease association
KW  - eczema
KW  - environment
KW  - environmental exposure
KW  - ethnic group
KW  - family size
KW  - genetic linkage
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - maternal age
KW  - occupation
KW  - population research
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - protection
KW  - register
KW  - resident
KW  - rural area
KW  - Sweden
KW  - urban area
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Agriculture
KW  - Dermatitis, Atopic
KW  - Environment
KW  - Epidemiologic Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Parents
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Respiratory Hypersensitivity
KW  - Risk
KW  - Sweden
N1  - Cited By :111
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CLEAE
C2  - 14720260
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Rasmussen, F.; Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; email: finn.rasmussen@phs.ki.se
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Magnus, P., Jaakkola, J.J., Secular trend in the occurrence of asthma among children and young adults: Critical appraisal of repeated cross sectional surveys (1997) Br Med J, 314, pp. 1795-1799; 
Radon, K., Danuser, B., Iversen, M., Respiratory symptoms in European animal farmers (2001) Eur Respir J, 17, pp. 747-754
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Study of seizure and epilepsy in Chinese children in Hong Kong: Period prevalence and patterns
T2  - Journal of Child Neurology
J2  - J. Child Neurol.
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
SP  - 19
EP  - 25
PY  - 2004
SN  - 08830738 (ISSN) 
AU  - Wong, V.
AD  - Div. of Neurodevelopmental Pediat., Dept. of Pediatrics/Adolescent Med., The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
AB  - The Hong Kong Children's Seizure and Epilepsy Registry was set up for all children with a history of seizures or epilepsy followed up in the Epilepsy Clinic of the University of Hong Kong. The aim was to study the pattern of seizures and epileptic disorders in Chinese children. The objective was to study the period prevalence of epilepsy and the pattern of epilepsy in Chinese children. A prospective study of seizure and epilepsy in Chinese children was conducted from 1985 to 1997 in Hong Kong. The population census of 1997 was used to calculate the period prevalence of epilepsy in Chinese children. Altogether, 1103 children aged < 19 years at first assessment with epilepsy were included in the study. The period prevalence rate of epilepsy in 1997 (January to December) is estimated to be 4.5 per 1000 children aged < 19 years. The estimated period prevalence rate of children and adolescents with epilepsy in our children is 4.5 per 1000 children.
KW  - carbamazepine
KW  - clobazam
KW  - clonazepam
KW  - corticotropin
KW  - ethosuximide
KW  - gabapentin
KW  - lamotrigine
KW  - nitrazepam
KW  - phenobarbital
KW  - phenytoin
KW  - prednisone
KW  - primidone
KW  - pyridoxine
KW  - topiramate
KW  - valproic acid
KW  - vigabatrin
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - calculation
KW  - child
KW  - child care
KW  - Chinese
KW  - controlled study
KW  - disease course
KW  - drug use
KW  - electroencephalogram
KW  - epilepsy
KW  - female
KW  - hemispherectomy
KW  - Hong Kong
KW  - human
KW  - ketogenic diet
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - neurologic examination
KW  - pediatric surgery
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prospective study
KW  - seizure
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Asian Continental Ancestry Group
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Cross-Cultural Comparison
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Epilepsy
KW  - Female
KW  - Hong Kong
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Male
KW  - Population Surveillance
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Registries
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Seizures
KW  - Treatment Outcome
N1  - Cited By :14
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JOCNE
C2  - 15032378
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Wong, V.; Div. of Neurodevelopmental Pediat., Dept. of Pediatrics/Adolescent Med., The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; email: vcnwong@hkucc.hku.hk
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: carbamazepine, 298-46-4, 8047-84-5; clobazam, 22316-47-8; clonazepam, 1622-61-3; corticotropin, 11136-52-0, 9002-60-2, 9061-27-2; ethosuximide, 77-67-8; gabapentin, 60142-96-3; lamotrigine, 84057-84-1; nitrazepam, 146-22-5; phenobarbital, 50-06-6, 57-30-7, 8028-68-0; phenytoin, 57-41-0, 630-93-3; prednisone, 53-03-2; primidone, 125-33-7; pyridoxine, 12001-77-3, 58-56-0, 65-23-6, 8059-24-3; topiramate, 97240-79-4; valproic acid, 1069-66-5, 99-66-1; vigabatrin, 60643-86-9
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Cowan, L., Bodensteiner, J.B., Leviton, A., Doherty, L., Prevalence of the epilepsies in children and adolescents (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 94-106; 
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Blom, S., Heijbel, J., Bergfors, P.G., Incidence of epilepsy in children: A follow up study three years after the first seizure (1978) Epilepsia, 19, pp. 343-350; 
Beilmann, A., Napa, A., Hämarik, M., Incidence of childhood epilepsy in Estonia (1999) Brain Dev., 21, pp. 166-174; 
Sillanpaa, M., Jalava, M., Kaleva, O., Long-term prognosis of seizures with onset in childhood (1998) N. Engl. J. Med., 338, pp. 1715-1722; 
Sidenvall, R., Forsgren, L., Blomquist, H.K., A community-based propective study of epileptic seizures in children (1993) Acta Paediatr., 82, pp. 60-65; 
Verity, C.M., Ross, E.M., Golding, J., Epilepsy in the first 10 years of life: Findings of the child health and education study (1992) BMJ, 305, pp. 857-861; 
Ellenberg, J.H., Hirtz, D.G., Nelson, K.B., Age at onset of seizures in young children (1984) Ann. Neurol., 15, pp. 127-134; 
Braathen, G., Theorell, K., A general hospital population of childhood epilepsy (1995) Acta Paediatr., 84, pp. 1143-1146; 
Doerfer, J., Wasser, S., An epidermologic study of febrile seizures and epilepsy in children (1987) Epilepsy Res., 1, pp. 149-151; 
Doose, H., Sitepu, B., Childhood epilepsy in a German city (1983) Neuropediatrics, 14, pp. 220-224; 
Camfield, C.S., Camfield, P.R., Gordon, K., Incidence of epilepsy in childhood and adolescence: A population based study in Nova Scotia from 1977 to 1985 (1996) Epilepsia, 137, pp. 19-23; 
Kurtz, Z., Tookey, P., Ross, E., Epilepsy in young people: 23 year follow up of the British National Child Development Study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 339-342; 
Rantala, H., Ingalsuo, H., Occurrence and outcome of epilepsy in children younger than 2 years (1999) J. Pediatr., 135, pp. 761-764; 
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Steffenberg, U., Hedström, A., Lindroth, A., Intractable epilepsy in a population-based series of mentally retarded children (1998) Epilepsia, 139, pp. 767-775; 
Shepherd, C., Hosking, G., Epilepsy in school children with intellectual impairments in Sheffield: The size and nature of the problem and the implications for service provision (1989) J. Ment. Defic. Res., 133, pp. 511-514; 
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Baumann, R.J., Marx, M.B., Leonidakis, M.G., Epilepsy in rural Kentucky: Prevalence in a population of school age children (1978) Epilepsia, 19, pp. 75-80; 
Waaler, P.E., Blom, B.H., Skeidsvoll, H., Mykletun, A., Prevalence, classification, and severity of epilepsy in children in western Norway (2000) Epilepsia, 41, pp. 802-810; 
von Wendt, L., Rantakallio, P., Saukkonen, A.L., Makinen, H., Epilepsy and associated handicaps in a 1 year birth cohort in northern Finland (1985) Eur. J. Pediatr., 1144, pp. 149-151; 
Hauser, W.A., Annegers, J.F., Kurland, L.T., Prevalence of epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota: 1940-1980 (1991) Epilepsia, 32, pp. 429-445; 
Eriksson, K.J., Koivikko, M.J., Prevalence, classification, and severity of epilepsy and epileptic syndromes in children (1997) Epilepsia, 38, pp. 1275-1282; 
Goodridge, D.M.G., Shorvon, S.D., Epileptic seizures in a population of 6000. 1: Demography, diagnosis and classification (1983) BMJ, 287, pp. 641-644; 
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Freeman, J.M., Jacobs, H., Vining, E., Rabin, C.E., Epilepsy and the inner city schools: A school-based program that makes a difference (1984) Epilepsia, 25, pp. 438-442; 
Hauser, W.A., Annegers, J.F., Kurland, L.T., Incidence of epilepsy and unprovoked seizures in Rochester, Minnesota: 1935-1984 (1993) Epilepsia, 34, pp. 453-468; 
Sander, J.W., Shorvon, S.D., Incidence and prevalence studies in epilepsy and their methodological problems: A review (1987) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 50, pp. 829-839; 
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Ishida, S., Prevalence of epilepsy in Okayama prefecture: A neuroepidemiologic study (1985) Folia Psychiatr. Neurol. Jpn., 139, pp. 325-332; 
Joensen, P., Prevalence, incidence and classfication of epilepsy in the Faroes (1986) Acta Neurol. Scand., 74, pp. 150-155; 
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Lavados, J., Germain, L., Morales, L., A descriptive study of epilepsy in the district of El-Salvador, Chile, 1984-1988 (1992) Acta Neurol. Scand., 85, pp. 249-256; 
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Rwiza, H.T., Kilonzo, G.P., Haule, J., Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in Ulanga, a rural Tanzanian district: A community-based study (1992) Epilepsia, 33, pp. 1051-1056; 
Cockerell, O.C., Eckle, I., Goodridge, D.M., Epilepsy in a population of 6000 reexamined: Secular trends in first attendance rates, prevalence, and prognosis (1995) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 58, pp. 570-576; 
Olafsson, E., Hauser, W.A., Ludvigsson, P., Incidence of epilepsy in rural Iceland: A population-based study (1996) Epilepsia, 137, pp. 951-955; 
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(2001), Population data from Census Hong Kong. Website of Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region: Available at: www.info.gov.hk/censtatd; Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 389-399. , Commission on Classification and Terminology, International League Against Epilepsy; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Can we disentangle life course processes of accumulation, critical period and social mobility? An analysis of disadvantaged socio-economic positions and myocardial infarction in the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program
T2  - Social Science and Medicine
J2  - Soc. Sci. Med.
VL  - 58
IS  - 8
SP  - 1555
EP  - 1562
PY  - 2004
DO  - 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00344-7
SN  - 02779536 (ISSN) 
AU  - Hallqvist, J.
AU  - Lynch, J.
AU  - Bartley, M.
AU  - Lang, T.
AU  - Blane, D.
AD  - Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Ctr. for Hum. Growth and Development, University of Michigan, United States
AD  - Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, United States
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, University College, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Faculty of Medicine, INSERM U588, Toulouse-Purpan, France
AD  - Dept. of Social Science and Medicine, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
AB  - The accumulation hypothesis would propose that the longer the duration of exposure to disadvantaged socio-economic position, the greater the risk of myocardial infarction. However there may be a danger of confounding between accumulation and possibly more complex combinations of critical periods of exposure and social mobility. The objective of this paper is to investigate the possibility of distinguishing between these alternatives. We used a population based case-control study (Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Programme) of all incident first events of myocardial infarction among men and women, living in the Stockholm region 1992-94. The analyses were restricted to men 53-70 years, 511 cases and 716 controls. From a full occupational history each subject was categorized as manual worker or non-manual at three stages of the life course, childhood (from parent's occupation), at the ages 25-29 and 51-55, resulting in 8 possible socio-economic trajectories. We found a graded response to the accumulation of disadvantaged socio-economic positions over the life course. However, we also found evidence for effects of critical periods and of social mobility. A conceptual analysis showed that there are, for theoretical reasons, only a limited number of trajectories available, too small to form distinct empirical categories of each hypothesis. The empirical task of disentangling the life course hypotheses of critical period, social mobility and accumulation is therefore comparable to the problem of separating age, period, and cohort effects. Accordingly, the interpretation must depend on prior knowledge of more specific causal mechanisms. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Life course
KW  - Myocardial infarction
KW  - Social mobility
KW  - Socioeconomic position
KW  - Sweden
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - socioeconomic status
KW  - acute heart infarction
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - anamnesis
KW  - article
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - health program
KW  - human
KW  - learning
KW  - life event
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - population research
KW  - social class
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - worker
KW  - Eurasia
KW  - Europe
KW  - Northern Europe
KW  - Scandinavia
KW  - Stockholm [Sweden]
KW  - Sweden
PB  - Elsevier Ltd
N1  - Cited By :179
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SSMDE
C2  - 14759698
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hallqvist, J.; Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden; email: johan.hallqvist@phs.ki.se
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Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Blane, D., Gillis, C., Hawthorne, V., Lifetime socio-economic position and mortality: Prospective observational study (1997) British Medical Journal, 314, pp. 547-552; 
Davey Smith, G., & Lynch, J. W. (2003). Socioeconomic differentials. In Kuh, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y. (Eds.), A lifecourse approach to chronic disease epidemiology, Vol. 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press, in press; Hart, C., Davey Smith, G., Blane, D., Inequalities in mortality by social class measured at 3 stages of the life course (1998) American Journal of Public Health, 88, pp. 471-474; 
Holland, P., Berney, L., Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Gunnell, D.J., Montgomery, S.M., Life course accumulation of disadvantage: Childhood health and hazard exposure during adulthood (2000) Social Science & Medicine, 50, pp. 1285-1295; 
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Kuh, D., & Ben-Schlomo, Y. (Eds.). (1997). A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Cohen, R.D., Kauhanen, J., Wilson, T.W., Smith, N.L., Salonen, J.T., Childhood and adult socioeconomic status as predictors of mortality in Finland (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 524-527; 
Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Shema, S.J., Cumulative impact of sustained economic hardship on physical, cognitive, psychological, and social functioning (1997) New England Journal of Medicine, 337, pp. 1889-1895; 
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Montgomery, S., Bartley, M., Cook, D., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Health and social precursors of unemployment in young men in Great Britain (1996) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 50, pp. 415-422; 
Montgomery, S., Berney, L., Blane, D., Prepubertal stature and blood pressure in early old age (2000) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 82, pp. 358-363; 
Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self rated health in the 1958 birth cohort: Lifetime social circumstances or social mobility? (1996) British Medical Journal, 313, pp. 449-453; 
Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self-rated health: Explanations from different stages of life (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 1009-1013; 
Power, C., Manor, O., Matthews, S., The duration and timing of exposure: Effects of socio-economic environment on adult health (1999) American Journal of Public Health, 89, pp. 1059-1065; 
Reuterwall, C., Hallqvist, J., Ahlbom, A., de Faire, U., Diderichsen, F., Hogstedt, C., Pershagen, G., Theorell, T., Wiman, B., & Wolk, A., The SHEEP study group (1999). Higher relative but lower absolute risks of myocardial infarction in women than in men for some major risk factors in the SHEEP study. Journal of Internal Medicine, 246, 161-174; Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S. (Eds.), (1998). Modern epidemiology (2nd ed.). Boston: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; Wamala, S.P., Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Women's exposure to early and later life socioeconomic disadvantage and coronary heart disease risk: The Stockholm female coronary risk study (2001) International Journal of Epidemiology, 30, pp. 275-284; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Existence of Dyslexia without Severe Literacy Problems
T2  - Annals of Dyslexia
J2  - Ann. Dyslexia
VL  - 53
SP  - 340
EP  - 354
PY  - 2003
SN  - 07369387 (ISSN) 
AU  - Miles, T.R.
AU  - Wheeler, T.J.
AU  - Haslum, M.N.
AD  - University of Wales, Bangor, United Kingdom
AD  - University College, Chester, United Kingdom
AD  - University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom
AD  - School of Psychology, Brigantia Building, Penrallt Road, Bangore, Gwynedd, N. Wales LL 57 5AS, United Kingdom
AB  - This paper is concerned with those who display positive indicators on tests for dyslexia but seemingly do not have any severe literacy problems. A case study is presented by way of illustration. On the basis of data from the British Births Cohort Study (12,905 10-year-old children), it was found that some seemingly normal achievers who showed signs of dyslexia (N = 422) obtained different results on five measures associated with dyslexia than did other normal achievers without such signs (N = 4,998). The measures used were: underachievement at word recognition; and underachievement at spelling, reading comprehension, pseudoword reading, and mathematics. The proportion of boys to girls in the groups was also noted. It is suggested that these were cases of mild dyslexia, who, on the basis simply of reading and spelling tests, might escape detection. The consequences for the concept of dyslexia are discussed, and it is suggested that the needs of dyslexies with only mild literacy problems should not be overlooked.
N1  - Cited By :7
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Miles, T.R.; School of Psychology, Brigantia Building, Penrallt Road, Bangore, Gwynedd, N. Wales LL 57 5AS, United Kingdom; email: t.r.miles@bangor.ac.uk
N1  - References: Berry, D., Lindgren, B.W., (1996) Statistics: Theory and Methods (2nd Ed.), , Belmont, CA: Duxbury Press; 
Critchley, M., (1970) The Dyslexic Child, , London: Heinemann; 
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Elliott, C.D., Murray, D.J., Pearson, L.S., (1979) The British Ability Scales, , Windsor: NFER-Nelson; 
Hallgren, B., Congenital word blindness: A clinical and genetic study (1950) Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica, Supplementum, 65, pp. i-xi; 
Henry, M., Ganschow, L., Miles, T.R., The issue of definition: Some problems (2000) Perspectives, 26 (1), pp. 381-43; 
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Hinshelwood, J., (1917) Congenital Word Blindness, , London: H. K. Lewis; 
Miles, T.R., (1982) The Bangor Dyslexia Test, , Wisbech, Cambs: Learning Development Aids; 
Miles, T.R., (1993) Dyslexia: The Pattern of Difficulties (2nd Ed.), , London: Whurr; 
Miles, T.R., A suggested taxonomy and some consequences (1994) Dyslexia in Children: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, pp. 1951-214. , A. Fawcett & R.I. Nicolson (Eds.). London: Harvester Wheatsheaf; 
Miles, T.R., Haslum, M.N., Dyslexia: Anomaly or normal variation? (1986) Annals of Dyslexia, 36, pp. 103-117; 
Miles, T.R., Haslum, M.N., Wheeler, T.J., Gender ratio in dyslexia (1998) Annals of Dyslexia, 48, pp. 271-55; 
Miles, T.R., Haslum, M.N., Wheeler, T.J., Mathematical abilities of dyslexic 10-year-olds (2001) Annals of Dyslexia, 51, pp. 2991-321; 
Miles, T.R., Wheeler, T.J., Towards a new theory of dyslexia (1974) Dyslexia Review, 11, pp. 9-11. , Summer; 
Morgan, W.P., A case study of congenital word blindness (1896) British Medical Journal, 2, p. 1378; 
Orton, S.T., (1937) Reading, Writing and Speech Problems in Children: Selected Papers, , Austin, TX: PRO-ED; 
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Singleton, C., (1999) Dyslexia in Higher Education: Policy, Provision and Practice, , University of Hull: Higher Education Funding Councils for England and Scotland
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A lesson for education: University expansion and falling income mobility
T2  - New Economy
J2  - New Econ.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
SP  - 194
EP  - 198
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1046/j.1468-0041.2003.00316.x
SN  - 10703535 (ISSN) 
AU  - Machin, S.
AU  - Gregg, P.
AD  - Centre for Economic Performance, LSE, London, United Kingdom
AB  - A key question is whether rising inequality within generations, including increased inequality during the childhood years, has been associated with changes in inequality across generations. In this article we consider this question, asking whether the extent of intergenerational mobility has also altered over time. We use data on two birth cohorts (one born in 1958, the other in 1970). Our key findings are as follows: • the extent of intergenerational mobility in economic status has reduced substantially over time. Individuals' earnings and income are more closely tied to parental income for the more recent cohort than they are for the older cohort. • this has been, at least partially, driven by the fact that the rapid expansion of the higher education system over this period was concentrated among people from higher income backgrounds. This has acted to slow down and restrict the extent of mobility up or down the distribution across generations. • differences in education policy are significant in explaining the observed patterns of change.
KW  - educational development
KW  - equity
KW  - income distribution
KW  - intergenerational transfer
KW  - mobility
KW  - socioeconomic status
KW  - United Kingdom
N1  - Cited By :5
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Machin, S.; Centre for Economic Performance, LSE, London, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Blanden, J., Goodman, A., Gregg, P., Machin S, Changes in intergenerational mobility in Britain (2002) Generational Income Mobility in North America and Europe, , forthcoming in Corak M (ed) Cambridge University Press; 
Blanden, J., Gregg, P., Machin, S., (2003) Changes in Educational Inequality, , Centre for the Economics of Education Discussion Paper (forthcoming); 
Goodman, A., Johnson, P., Webb, S., (1997) Inequality in the UK, , Institute for Fiscal Studies; 
Machin, S., Wage Inequality in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s (1999) The State of Working Britain, , Gregg P and Wadsworth J (eds) Manchester University Press; 
Micklewright J, (1986) A Note on Household Income in NCDS3, , City University NCDS User Support Group Working Paper 18
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Patterns of Interphalangeal Hand Joint Involvement of Osteoarthritis among Men and Women: A British Cohort Study
T2  - Arthritis and Rheumatism
J2  - Arthritis Rheum.
VL  - 48
IS  - 12
SP  - 3371
EP  - 3376
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1002/art.11339
SN  - 00043591 (ISSN) 
AU  - Poole, J.
AU  - Sayer, A.A.
AU  - Hardy, R.
AU  - Wadsworth, M.
AU  - Kuh, D.
AU  - Cooper, C.
AD  - Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
AD  - Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., London, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective. To characterize the pattern of involvement of osteoarthritis (OA) of the hand among men and women of the same age. Methods. Structured hand examinations were performed on 1,467 men and 1,519 women who were age 53 years and born in England, Scotland, or Wales during the first week of March 1946 (identified through the United Kingdom National Survey of Health and Development). OA at each joint site was characterized using a previously validated examination schedule. The interrelationship of involvement of different hand joints was analyzed by logistic regression and cluster analyses. Results. There was clear evidence of polyarticular involvement in the hand joints of both the men and the women. Among the women, 161 subjects had ≥4 joints involved, compared with only 41 subjects expected in this category (P < 0.001). Among the men, 87 subjects were observed to have ≥4 joints involved, in contrast with only 7 subjects expected (P < 0.001). The pattern of hand joint involvement (characterized by clustering primarily by row and symmetric joint involvement, rather than clustering by ray) was found to be almost identical between the men and the women. Conclusion. This study confirms the existence of a polyarticular subset of OA among men that has characteristics similar to those of the variant observed among women. The data suggest that the genetic or metabolic influences underlying this particular variant of OA acts similarly in both sexes.
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - clinical observation
KW  - cluster analysis
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - female
KW  - gender
KW  - genetic disorder
KW  - hand disease
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - interphalangeal joint
KW  - logistic regression analysis
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - metabolic disorder
KW  - osteoarthritis
KW  - priority journal
KW  - statistical significance
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - validation process
KW  - Cluster Analysis
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Finger Joint
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Osteoarthritis
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Sex Distribution
N1  - Cited By :16
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ARHEA
C2  - 14673988
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Cooper, C.; MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; email: cc@mrc.soton.ac.uk
N1  - References: Felson, D.T., Epidemiology of hip and knee osteoarthritis (1988) Epidemiol Rev, 10, pp. 1-28; 
Van Saase, J.L.C.M., Van Romunde, L.K.J., Cats, A., Vandenbroucke, J.P., Valkenburg, H.A., Epidemiology of osteoarthritis: Zoetermeer survey. Comparison of radiological osteoarthritis in a Dutch population with that in ten other populations (1989) Ann Rheum Dis, 48, pp. 271-280; 
Kellgren, J.H., Moore, R., Generalised osteoarthritis in Heberden's nodes (1952) BMJ, 1, pp. 181-187; 
Egger, P., Cooper, C., Hart, D.J., Doyle, D.V., Coggon, D., Spector, T.D., Patterns of joint involvement in osteoarthritis of the hand: The Chingford study (1995) J Rheumatol, 22, pp. 1509-1513; 
Wadsworth, M.E., Kuh, D.J., Childhood influences on adult health: A review of recent work from the British 1946 national birth cohort study, the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (1997) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 11, pp. 2-20; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., Butterworth, S., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Richards, M., Langenberg, C., The life course prospective design: An example of benefits and problems associated with study longevity Soc Sci Med, , In press; 
Hart, D., Spector, T., Egger, P., Coggon, D., Cooper, C., Defining osteoarthritis of the hand for epidemiological studies: The Chingford study (1994) Ann Rheum Dis, 53, pp. 220-223; 
Everitt, B.S., Landau, S., Leese, M., (2001) Cluster Analysis, , London: Arnold; 
Altman, R., Alarcon, G., Appelrouth, D., Bloch, D., Borenstein, D., Brandt, K., The American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis of the hand (1990) Arthritis Rheum, 33, pp. 1601-1610; 
Haygarth, J., (1805) A Clinical History of Diseases, Part 2: A Clinical History of Nodosity of the Joints, , London: Cadell and Davies; 
O'Brien, W.M., Clement, A.R., Acheson, R.N., Symptoms and pattern of osteoarthritis in the hand in the New Haven survey of joint disease (1966) Population Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, pp. 398-406. , Bennett PH, Wood PHN, editors. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica Foundation International Congress. Series no. 148; 
Acheson, R.N., Chan, Y., Clement, A.R., New Haven survey of joint diseases XII: Distribution of symptoms of osteoarthritis in the hand with reference to handedness (1970) Ann Rheum Dis, 29, pp. 275-285; 
Dieppe, P., Cushnaghan, J., The natural course and prognosis of osteoarthritis (1992) Osteoarthritis: Diagnosis and Medical/Surgical Management. 2nd Ed., pp. 399-412. , Moskowitz R, Howell DJ, Goldberg VM, Mankin JH, editors. London: Saunders; 
Strecher, R.M., Heberden's nodes: A clinical description of osteoarthritis of the finger joints (1955) Ann Rheum Dis, 14, pp. 1-10; 
Crain, D.C., Interphalangeal osteoarthritis (1961) JAMA, 175, pp. 1049-1053; 
Peter, J.B., Pearson, C.M., Marmor, L., Erosive osteoarthritis of the hands (1966) Arthritis Rheum, 9, pp. 365-388; 
Ehrlich, G.E., Inflammatory osteoarthritis. I. The clinical syndrome (1972) J Chron Dis, 25, pp. 317-328; 
Utsinger, P.D., Resnick, D., Shapiro, R.F., Wiesner, K.B., Roentgenologic, immunologic, and therapeutic study of erosive (inflammatory) osteoarthritis (1978) Arch Intern Med, 138, pp. 693-697; 
Lane, N.E., Bloch, D.A., Jones, H.H., Simpson, V., Fries, J.F., Osteoarthritis in the hand: A comparison of handedness and hand use (1989) J Rheumatol, 16, pp. 637-642; 
Cooper, C., Inskip, H., Croft, P., Campbell, L., Smith, G., McLaren, M., Individual risk factors for hip osteoarthritis: Obesity, hip injury and physical activity (1993) Am J Epidemiol, 147, pp. 516-522; 
Reading, I., Walker-Bone, K., Palmer, K., Coggon, D., Cooper, C., Does physical examination assist in the evaluation of disorders of the neck and upper limb? (2003) Rheumatology, 42 (SUPPL. 1), p. 15
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0346220064&doi=10.1002%2fart.11339&partnerID=40&md5=a991be95bae18fb48e8760ac46c7bbde
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Recent declining trend in ectopic pregnancy. Population-based study from Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway, 1970-2002 
ST  - Færre ekstrauterine svangerskap - Økt kvinnelig fertilitet gjennom 1990-årene?
T2  - Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening
J2  - Tidsskr. Nor. Laegeforen.
VL  - 123
IS  - 21
SP  - 3011
EP  - 3014
PY  - 2003
SN  - 00292001 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bakken, I.J.
AU  - Skjeldestad, F.E.
AD  - Seksjon for Epidemiologisk Forskning, SINTEF Unimed, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
AD  - Institutt for Laboratoriemedisin, Barne- og Kvinnesykdommer, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitens. Univ., Norway
AB  - Background. The purpose of this study was to investigate trends in ectopic pregnancy in relation to fertility patterns in general. Materials and methods. All women hospitalised with ectopic pregnancy in Sør-Trøndelag county 1970-2002 were identified through hospital discharge registries (ICD-8, -9, -10). Medical records were reviewed in order to identify patients who were residents of the county and had ectopic pregnancy verified by histology. Incidence rates were analysed by age, previous ectopic pregnancy and previous infertility treatment. Cumulative incidence rates were analysed by birth cohort. Ectopic pregnancy related to the number of births (extrauterine ratio) was analysed by age and parity. Results. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy (per 10 000 women-years) increased from 4.2 in 1970-74 to 15.1 in 1990-94, then declined to 6.5 in 2000-02. Women 25 - 34 years old had highest incidence rates throughout the whole study period and the sharpest decline after 1990-94. The proportion of women with previous ectopic pregnancy or previous infertility declined after 1990-94. Cumulative incidence rates by age 30 were lowest for the youngest cohorts. The extrauterine ratio increased by age throughout the whole period and decreased in all age and parity specific groups throughout the 1990s. Interpretation. After the epidemic increase in ectopic pregnancy observed from 1970 to the end of the 1980s, the annual number of cases has declined sharply. The observations indicate better primary treatment for primary ectopic pregnancy and primary infertility and improved female fertility through the 1990s.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - ectopic pregnancy
KW  - female
KW  - female fertility
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - infertility therapy
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - maternal age
KW  - medical record
KW  - Norway
KW  - parity
KW  - population research
KW  - female infertility
KW  - fertility
KW  - Norway
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - register
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Female
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infertility, Female
KW  - Norway
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy, Ectopic
KW  - Registries
N1  - Cited By :5
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: TNLAA
C2  - 14618165
LA  - Norwegian
N1  - Correspondence Address: Bakken, I.J.; Seksjon for Epidemiologisk Forskning, SINTEF Unimed, 7465 Trondheim, Norway; email: inger.j.bakken@sintef.no
N1  - References: Sandvei, R., Ulstein, M., Wollen, A.L., Fertility following ectopic pregnancy with special reference to previous use of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) (1987) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 66, pp. 131-135; 
Skjeldestad, F.E., Hadgu, A., Eriksson, N., Epidemiology of repeat ectopic pregnancy: A population-based prospective cohort study (1998) Obstet Gynecol, 91, pp. 129-135; 
Ego, A., Subtil, D., Cosson, M., Legoueff, F., Houfflin-Debarge, V., Querleu, D., Survival analysis of fertility after ectopic pregnancy (2001) Fertil Steril, 75, pp. 560-566; 
Onsrud, M., Økende hyppighet av extrauterin graviditet (1980) Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen, 100, pp. 944-947; 
Skjeldestad, F.E., Svare, S., Sørdal, T., Haarstad, I., Brobak, H., Extrauterine svangerskap. Prevalens i Trøndelag 1970-84 (1987) Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen, 107, pp. 2723-2725; 
Dahlstrøm, B., Urnes, A., Sørnes, T., Nesheim, B.I., Epidemi av extrauterin graviditet i østre Akershus. Søking etter mulige årsaker (1989) Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen, 109, pp. 45-48; 
Skjeldestad, F.E., Kendrick, J.S., Atrash, H.K., Daltveit, A.K., Increasing incidence of ectopic pregnancy in one Norwegian county - A population based study, 1970-1993 (1997) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 76, pp. 159-165; 
Storeide, O., Veholmen, M., Eiae, M., Bergsjø, P., Sandvei, R., The incidence of ectopic pregnancy in Hordaland County, Norway 1976-1993 (1997) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 76, pp. 345-349; 
Kamwendo, F., Forslin, L., Bodin, L., Danielsson, D., Epidemiology of ectopic pregnancy during a 28 year period and the role of pelvic inflammatory disease (2000) Sex Transm Infect, 76, pp. 28-32; 
Mäkinen, J.I., Ectopic pregnancy falls in Finland (2000) Lancet, 348, p. 1500; 
Flett, G.M., Urquhart, D.R., Fraser, C., Terry, P.B., Fleming, J.C., Ectopic pregnancy in Aberdeen 1950-1985 (1988) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 95, pp. 740-746; 
Rajkhowa, M., Glass, M.R., Rutherford, A.J., Balen, A.H., Sharma, V., Cuckle, H.S., Trends in the incidence of ectopic pregnancy in England and Wales from 1966 to 1996 (2000) BJOG, 107, pp. 369-374; 
Weström, L., Bengtsson, L.P., Mårdh, P.A., Incidence, trends, and risks of ectopic pregnancy in a population of women (1981) BMJ, 282, pp. 15-18; 
Hockin, J.C., Math, B., Jessamine, A.G., Trends in ectopic pregnancy in Canada (1984) Can Med Assoc J, 131, pp. 737-740; 
Egger, M., Low, N., Smith, G.D., Lindblom, B., Herrmann, B., Screening for chlamydial infections and the risk of ectopic pregnancy in a county in Sweden: Ecological analysis (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1776-1780; 
(2003) Hovedtabell: 030226 Folkemengde Etter Kjønn og Ettårig Aider, , http://www3.ssb.no, Oslo: Statistisk sentralbyrå (7.1.2003); 
Bakken, I.J., Skjeldestad, F.E., Insidens og behandling av ekstrauterine svangerskap i Norge 1990-2001 (2003) Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen, 123, pp. 3016-3020; 
Bjartling, C., Osser, S., Persson, K., The frequency of salpingitis and ectopic pregnancy as epidemiologic markers of Chlamydia trachomatis (2000) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 79, pp. 123-128; 
Gjønnæss, H., Dalaker, K., Ånestad, G., Mårdh, P.A., Kvile, G., Bergan, T., Pelvic inflammatory disease: Etiologic studies with emphasis on chlamydial infection (1982) Obstet Gynecol, 59, pp. 550-555; 
Nybo Andersen, A.M., Wohlfahrt, J., Christens, P., Olsen, J., Melbye, M., Maternal age and fetal loss: Population based register linkage study (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 1708-1712
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The current status of smoking behavior in Taiwan: Data analysis from National Health Interview Survey in 2001
T2  - Taiwan Journal of Public Health
J2  - Taiwain J. Public Health
VL  - 22
IS  - 6
SP  - 453
EP  - 464
PY  - 2003
SN  - 10232141 (ISSN) 
AU  - Cheng, T.-Y.
AU  - Wen, C.-P.
AU  - Tsai, M.-C.
AU  - Tsai, S.-P.
AD  - Division of Health Policy Research, National Health Research Institutes, 109, Min-Chuan East Road, Taipei 114, Taiwan
AD  - School of Public Health, Univ. of Texas Health Science Center, United States
AB  - Objectives: To analyze the prevalence of current smokers and ex-smokers and smoking behavior among adults in Taiwan. Method: The study subjects came from a representative sample of the population in Taiwan and the data was collected through the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) in 2001. Results: The smoking rate was 46.5% in males and 4.2% in females and the ex-smoker rate was 7.1% in males and 0.5% in females. The average daily consumption was 17.2 cigarettes among male daily smokers. The median age of smoking initiation among males declined from 20 to 18 years old and among females from 30 to 20, in the birth cohort of 1970-74. Conclusions: The male smoking rate has been decreasing slowly and the number of ex-smokers has remained low. Smoking was initiated at an earlier period in life than two decades ago. The future emphasis of tobacco control policies in Taiwan should include: (1) the development of a surveillance system for smoking, to be conducted year after year with consistent standardized questionnaires and (2) strategies to sharply increase cessation rates and to prevent smoking from being initiated.
KW  - National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Smoking
KW  - age distribution
KW  - article
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - data analysis
KW  - female
KW  - frequency analysis
KW  - health behavior
KW  - health statistics
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - interview
KW  - male
KW  - population research
KW  - public health service
KW  - sex ratio
KW  - smoking cessation
KW  - Taiwan
N1  - Cited By :37
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: TGWZA
LA  - Chinese
N1  - Correspondence Address: Wen, C.-P.; Division of Health Policy Research, National Health Research Institutes, 109, Min-Chuan East Road, Taipei 114, Taiwan; email: cwengood@nhri.org.tw
N1  - References: Liaw, K.M., Chen, C.J., Mortality attributable to cigarette smoking in Taiwan: A 12-year follow-up study (1998) Tob Control, 7, pp. 141-148; 
(1990) The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation. A Report of the Surgeon General, , Washington DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 
Chinese source; Chinese source; Chinese source; Chinese source; Chinese source; Chinese source; Chinese source; Chinese source; Chinese source; Chinese source; (1998) Guidelines for Controlling and Monitoring the Tobacco Epidemic, , Geneva: World Health Organization; 
Schoenborn, C.A., Vickerie, J.L., Barnes, P.M., Cigarette smoking behavior of adults: United States, 1997-98 (2003) Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics; No. 331, , Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics; 
Tyas, S.L., Pederson, L.L., Psychosocial factors related to adolescent smoking: A critical review of the literature (1998) Tob Control, 7, pp. 409-420; 
Isohanni, M., Moilanen, I., Rantakallio, P., Determinants of teenage smoking, with special reference to non-standard family background (1991) Br J Addict, 86, pp. 391-398; 
Bauman, K.E., Foshee, V.A., Linzer, M.A., Effect of parental smoking classification on the association between parental and adolescent smoking (1990) Addict Behav, 15, pp. 413-422; 
Newman, I.M., Ward, J.M., The influence of parental attitude and behavior on early adolescent cigarette smoking (1989) J Sch Health, 59, pp. 150-152; 
Biglan, A., Duncan, T.E., Ary, D.V., Peer and parental influences on adolescent tobacco use (1995) J Behav Med, 18, pp. 315-330; 
Botvin, G.J., Baker, E., Goldberg, C.J., Correlates and predictors of smoking among Black adolescents (1992) Addict Behav, 17, pp. 97-103; 
Hirschman, R.S., Leventhal, H., Glynn, K., The development of smoking behavior: Conceptualization and supportive cross-sectional survey data (1984) J Appl Soc Psychol, 14, pp. 184-206; 
Spear, S.F., Akers, R.L., Social learning variables and the risk of habitual smoking among adolescents: The Muscatine study (1988) Am J Prev Med, 4, pp. 336-342; 
Difranza, J.R., Savageau, J.A., Aisquith, B.F., Youth access to tobacco: The effects of age, gender, vending machine locks, and "It's the Law" programs (1996) Am J Public Health, 86, pp. 221-224; 
Stantion, W.R., Oei, T.P.S., Silva, P.A., Sociodemographic characteristics of adolescent smokers (1994) Int J Addict, 29, pp. 913-925; 
Hammarstrom, A., Janlert, U., Unemployment and change of tobacco habits: A study of young people from 16 to 21years of age (1994) Addiction, 89, pp. 1691-1696; 
Blackford, K.A., Bailey, P.H., Coutu-Wakulczyk, G.M., Tobacco use in northeastern Ontario teenagers: Prevalence of use and associated factors (1994) Can J Public Health, 85, pp. 89-92; 
Chinese source; Chinese source; Schei, E., Sogaard, A.J., The impact of military service on young men's smoking behavior (1994) Prev Med, 23, pp. 242-248; 
Bjornson, W., Rand, C., Connett, J.E., Gender differences in smoking cessation after 3 years in the lung health study (1995) Am J Public Health, 85, pp. 223-230; 
Coambs, R.B., Kozlowski, L.T., Age interacts with heaviness of smoking in prediction success in cessation of smoking (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 135, pp. 246-246; 
Tillgren, P., Haglund, B.J.A., Lundberg, M., The sociodemographic pattern of tobacco cessation in the 1980s: Results from a panel study of living condition survey in Sweden (1996) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 50, pp. 625-630; 
Stronks, K., Mheen, H.D., Looman, C.W.N., Mackenback, J.P., Cultural, material, and psychosocial correlates of the socioeconomic gradient in smoking behavior among adults (1997) Prev Med, 26, pp. 754-766; 
Hu, S.C., Lanese, R.R., The applicability of the theory of planned behavior to the intention to quit smoking across workplaces in southern Taiwan (1998) Addict Behav, 23, pp. 225-237; 
Gerlach, K.K., Shopland, D.R., Martman, A.M., Gibson, J.T., Pechacek, T.F., Workplace smoking policies in the United States: Results from a national survey of more than 100000 workers (1997) Tob Control, 6, pp. 199-206; 
Farkas, A.J., Gilpin, E.A., Distefan, J.M., Pierce, J.P., The effects of household and workplace smoking restrictions on quitting behaviours (1999) Tob Control, 8, pp. 261-265; 
Lynch, J., Kaplan, G., Socioeconomic Position (2000) Social Epidemiology, pp. 13-35. , Berkman L, Kawachi I, eds. New York: Oxford University Press; 
Chinese source; Hu, T.W., Sung, H.Y., Keeler, T.E., Reducing cigarette consumption in California: Tobacco Taxes vs an Anti-smoking media campaign Am J Public Health, 85, pp. 1218-1222; 
Hu, T.W., Keeler, T.E., Sung, H.Y., The impact of California Anti-Smoking legislation on cigarette sales, consumption, and prices (1995) Tob Control, 4 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 534-538; 
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Leistikow, B.N., Martin, D.C., Samuels, S.J., Injury death excesses in smokers: A 1990-95 United States national cohort study (2000) Inj Prev, 6, pp. 277-280; 
Coffield, A.B., Maciosek, M.V., McGinnis, J.M., Priorities among recommended clinical preventive services (2001) Am J Prev Med, 21, pp. 1-9; 
(2001) Women and Smoking. A Report of the Surgeon General, pp. 594-595. , Washington DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 
Chinese sourceUR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1842636268&partnerID=40&md5=97615391e68f790d8f84206777d7bd0e
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The contribution of hip fracture to risk of subsequent fractures: Data from two longitudinal studies
T2  - Osteoporosis International
J2  - Osteoporosis Int.
VL  - 14
IS  - 11
SP  - 879
EP  - 883
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1007/s00198-003-1460-x
SN  - 0937941X (ISSN) 
AU  - Colón-Emeric, C.
AU  - Kuchibhatla, M.
AU  - Pieper, C.
AU  - Hawkes, W.
AU  - Fredman, L.
AU  - Magaziner, J.
AU  - Zimmerman, S.
AU  - Lyles, K.W.
AD  - Ctr. for the Stud. Aging/Hum. Devmt., Dept. of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Prev. Med., Univ. of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Biostatist., Boston Univ. School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
AD  - Cecil G. Sheps Ctr. Hlth. Serv. Res., University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
AD  - Geriat. Res. Educ. and Clin. Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
AB  - Background: The contribution of hip fracture to the risk of subsequent fractures is unclear. Methods: Data from the Baltimore Hip Studies and the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) were used. Baltimore subjects enrolled at the time of hip fracture (n = 549) and EPESE subjects without previous fractures at baseline (n = 10,680) were followed for 2-10 years. Self-reported nonhip skeletal fracture was the outcome, and hip fracture was a time-varying covariate in a survival analysis stratified by study site. The model was adjusted for race, sex, age, BMI, stroke, cancer, difficulty walking across a room, dependence in grooming, dependence in transferring, and cognitive impairment. Results: The rate of all subsequent self-reported fractures after hip fracture was 10.4 fractures/100 person-years. The unadjusted hazard of nonhip skeletal fracture was 2.52 (95% confidence interval 2.05 to 3.12) for subjects with hip fracture compared with subjects without; when adjusted for other known fracture risk factors the hazard ratio was 1.62 (1.30 to 2.02). Men and women had a similar relative risk increase. The increased risk of secondary fracture after hip fracture persisted over time. Conclusions: A hip fracture is associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk of subsequent fracture, which is not entirely explained by prefracture risk factors. Careful attention to secondary prevention is warranted in these patients.
KW  - Aged
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Hip fracture
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - body mass
KW  - cancer
KW  - cognitive defect
KW  - controlled study
KW  - disability
KW  - disease association
KW  - elderly care
KW  - female
KW  - fracture
KW  - gait
KW  - grooming
KW  - hip fracture
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - race difference
KW  - risk factor
KW  - secondary prevention
KW  - sex difference
KW  - stroke
KW  - survival
KW  - walking
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Female
KW  - Fractures, Bone
KW  - Hip Fractures
KW  - Humans
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Proportional Hazards Models
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Survival Analysis
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :107
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: OSINE
C2  - 14530910
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Colón-Emeric, C.; Ctr. for the Stud. Aging/Hum. Devmt., Dept. of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; email: colon001@mc.duke.edu
N1  - References: Torgerson, D., Dolan, P., Prescribing by general practitioners after an osteoporotic fracture (1998) Ann Rheum Dis, 57, pp. 378-379; 
Colon-Emeric, C., Yballe, L., Sloane, R., Expert physician recommendations and current practice patterns for evaluating and treating men with osteoporotic hip fracture (2000) J Am Geriatr Soc, 48, pp. 1261-1263; 
Klotzbuecher, C., Ross, P., Landsman, P., Patients with prior fractures have an increased risk of future fractures: A summary of the literature and statistical synthesis (2000) J Bone Miner Res, 15, pp. 721-739; 
Ismail, A., Cockerill, W., Cooper, C., Prevalent vertebral deformity predicts incident hip though not distal forearm fracture: Results from the European Prospective Osteoporosis Study (2001) Osteoporos Int, 12, pp. 85-90; 
Melton III, L.J., Atkinson, E.J., Cooper, C., Vertebral fractures predict subsequent fractures (1999) Osteoporos Int, 10, pp. 214-221; 
Cuddihy, M., Gabriel, S., Crowson, C., Forearm fractures as predictors of subsequent osteoporotic fractures (1999) Osteoporos Int, 9, pp. 469-475; 
Magaziner, J., Simonsick, E., Kashner, M., Predictors of functional recovery one year following hospital discharge for hip fracture: A prospective study (1990) J Gerontol, 45, pp. M101-M107; 
Kane, R.L., Chen, Q., Finch, M., Functional outcomes of posthospital care for stroke and hip fracture patients under medicare (1998) J Am Geriatr Soc, 46, pp. 1525-1533; 
Gunnes, M., Mellstrom, D., Johnell, O., How well can a previous fracture indicate a new fracture? (1998) Acta Orthop Scand, 69, pp. 508-512; 
Melton III, L.J., Ilstrup, D., Beckenbaugh, R., Hip fracture recurrence: A population-based study (1982) Clin Orthop, 167, pp. 131-138; 
Van Staa, T.P., Leufkens, H.G.M., Cooper, C., Does a fracture at one site predict later fractures at other sites? A British cohort study (2002) Osteoporos Int, 13, pp. 624-629; 
Colon-Emeric, C., Sloane, R., Hawkes, W., The risk of subsequent skeletal fractures in community dwelling men and male veterans with hip fracture (2000) Am J Med, 109, pp. 324-326; 
Cornoni-Huntley, J., Blazer, D.G., Lafferty, M.E., (1990) Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly, 2. , National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; 
Magaziner, J., Hawkes, W., Hebel, J.R., Zimmerman, S.I., Recovery from hip fracture is eight areas of function (2000) J Gerontol, 55 A (9), pp. M448-M507; 
Fredman, L., Hawkes, W., Zimmerman, S.I., Extending gerontological research through linking investigators' studies to public-use datasets (2001) Gerontologist, 41 (1), pp. 15-22; 
Weatherall, M., A meta-analysis of 25 hydroxyvitamin D in older people with fracture of the proximal femur (2000) N Z Med J, 113, pp. 137-140; 
Bruce, D.G., St John, A., Nicklason, F., Secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients from Western Australia with hip fracture: Relationship to type of hip fracture, renal function, and vitamin D deficiency (1999) J Am Geriatr Soc, 47, pp. 354-359; 
Fox, K.M., Magaziner, J., Hawkes, W.G., Loss of bone density and lean body mass after hip fracture (2000) Osteoporos Int, 11, pp. 31-35; 
Fox, K.M., Hawkes, W.G., Hebel, J.R., Mobility after hip fracture predicts health outcomes (1998) J Am Geriatr Soc, 46, pp. 169-173; 
Marcantonio, E.R., Flacker, J.M., Michaels, M., Delirium is independently associated with poor functional recovery after hip fracture (2000) J Am Geriatr Soc, 48, pp. 618-624; 
Randell, A., Nguyen, T., Bhalerao, N., Deterioration in quality of life following hip fracture: A prospective study (2000) Osteoporos Int, 11, pp. 460-466; 
Ismail, A.A., O'Neill, T.W., Cockerill, W., Validity of self-report of fractures: Results from a prospective study in men and women across Europe (2000) Osteoporos Int, 11 (3), pp. 248-254
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-18844467137&doi=10.1007%2fs00198-003-1460-x&partnerID=40&md5=1b39088dba3840671683e78efc47e3c3
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Intelligence and class mobility in the British population
T2  - British Journal of Psychology
J2  - Br. J. Psychol.
VL  - 94
IS  - 4
SP  - 551
EP  - 561
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1348/000712603322503097
SN  - 20448295 (ISSN) 
AU  - Nettle, D.
AD  - Departments of Psychology, Open University, Watton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
AB  - Performance on intelligence tests is known to be associated with class mobility, with high scorers tending to move up the socio-economic hierarchy, and low scorers tending to move down. However, much remains unknown about the association. It is possible that the importance of intelligence varies across different occupational areas, or that there is friction acting against mobility, such that a person from an underprivileged background would have to be more intelligent in order to reach a given position than someone who had had greater social advantage. Data from a longitudinal study of a broad, socially representative cohort of the British population (the NCDS) are used to investigate these questions. The results show that intelligence test scores in childhood are associated with class mobility in adulthood uniformly across all social classes. There is no evidence that those from underprivileged backgrounds have to be disproportionately able in order to reach the professional classes. The study reveals an apparently high level of social mobility and meritocracy in contemporary Britain.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - intelligence
KW  - intelligence test
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - male
KW  - occupation
KW  - social class
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Child
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intelligence
KW  - Intelligence Tests
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Occupations
KW  - Social Class
N1  - Cited By :57
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 14687461
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Nettle, D.; Departments of Psychology, Open University, Watton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom; email: d.nettle@open.ac.uk
N1  - References: Bouchard, T.J., Segal, N.L., Environment and IQ (1985) Handbook of Intelligence: Theories, Methods and Applications, pp. 391-464. , B. B. Wolman (Ed.). New York: Wiley; 
Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: E&S Livingstone; 
Bynner, J., Butler, N.R., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., Smith, K., (2001) The Design and Conduct of the 1999-2000 Surveys of the National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Cohort Study, , London: Institute of Education, Centre for Longditudinal Studies; 
Capron, C., Duyme, M., Assessment of effects of socioeconomic status on IQ in a full cross-fostering design (1989) Nature, 340, pp. 552-553; 
Douglas, J.W.B., (1964) The Home and the School, , London: McGibbon and Kee; 
Dumaret, A., Stewart, J.T., IQ, scholastic performance and behaviour of sibs raised in contrasting environments (1985) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26, pp. 553-580; 
Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau, City University, Economic and Social Research Council; 
Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain: Collected Papers from the National Child Development Study, , London: Macmillan; 
Herrnstein, R.J., Murray, C., (1994) The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life, , New York: Free Press; 
Horn, J.L., Loehlin, J.C., Willerman, L., Intellectual resemblance among adoptive and biological relatives: The Texas adoption project (1979) Behavior Genetics, 9, pp. 177-207; 
Hunter, J.E., Hunter, R.F., Validity and utility of alternative predictors of job performance (1984) Psychological Bulletin, 96, pp. 72-98; 
Jencks, C., (1972) Inequality: A Reassessment of the Effect of Family and Schooling in America, , New York: Basic Books; 
Leask, S.J., Crow, T.J., Word acquisition reflects lateralization of hand skill (2001) Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5, pp. 513-516; 
Leete, R., Fox, J., Registrar General's social classes: Origins and uses (1977) Population Trends, 8, pp. 1-7; 
Mackintosh, N.J., (1998) IQ and Human Intelligence, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Biosocial correlates of IQ (1984) The Biology of Human Intelligence, pp. 99-127. , C. J. Turner & H. J. Miles (Eds.). London: Proceedings of the Eugenics Society; 
Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Gibson, J.B., Social mobility and IQ components (1978) Journal of Biosocial Science, 10, pp. 263-276; 
McCall, R.B., Childhood IQs as predictors of adult educational and occupational status (1977) Science, 197, pp. 482-483; 
Murnane, R.J., Willett, J.B., Levy, F., The growing importance of cognitive skills in wage determination (1995) Review of Economics and Statistics, 77, pp. 251-266; 
Nettle, D., Height and reproductive success in a cohort of British men (2002) Human Nature, 13, pp. 473-491; 
(1980) Classification of Occupations 1980, , London: HMSO; 
Robbins, L., (1963) Higher Education: Report of the Committee Appointed by the Prime Minister under the Chairmanship of Lord Robbins, 1961-3, , London: HMSO; 
Scarr, S., Weinberg, R.A., Intellectual similarities within families of both adopted and biological children (1977) Intelligence, 1, pp. 170-191; 
Schmidt, F.L., Ones, D.S., Personnel selection (1992) Annual Review of Psychology, 43, pp. 627-670; 
Steele, C.M., Aronson, J., Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, pp. 797-811; 
Tittle, C.R., Rotolo, T., IQ and stratification: An empirical evaluation of Herrnstein and Murray's social change argument (2000) Social Forces, 79, pp. 1-28; 
Waller, J.H., Achievement and social mobility: Relationships amongst IQ score, education and occupation in two generations (1971) Social Biology, 18, pp. 252-259
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0344584396&doi=10.1348%2f000712603322503097&partnerID=40&md5=94f10bce5f22f56ba95d32863a3e7592
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and measles vaccine in an English population, 1979-1998
T2  - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
J2  - J. Epidemiol. Community Health
VL  - 57
IS  - 11
SP  - 883
EP  - 887
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1136/jech.57.11.883
SN  - 0143005X (ISSN) 
AU  - Seagroatt, V.
AU  - Goldacre, M.J.
AD  - Unit of Health-Care Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
AD  - Unit of Health-Care Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
AB  - Study objectives: To study the hospitalised incidence of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) from 1979 to 1998; and to determine whether the introduction of the measles vaccination programme was associated with an increase in the young. Design: Analysis of linked data on hospital admissions; a cohort analysis of the effect of the measles vaccination programme on the incidence of hospitalised CD and UC; and a comparison of these results with those from previous studies on the association between measles vaccine and CD or UC. Settings: Southern England. Subjects: People admitted to hospital with a main diagnosis of CD (1959 people) or UC (2018 people). Main results: Overall, the incidence of hospitalised CD showed no significant change over the 20 year period: the average change per year was 0.08% (95% confidence interval: -0.7% to 0.9%). The relative risk associated with the measles vaccination programme was not significant (0.91: 0.5 to 1.4). The estimate differed significantly from the relative risk of 3.0 obtained in the original study reporting an association, but agreed with the combined estimate from three subsequent studies (0.95: 0.6 to 1.5). The results for UC were similar. Conclusions: The incidence of hospitalised CD and UC remained stable over the 20 years, 1979 to 1998. Whatever caused the marked increases in CD and UC in the mid-20th century must itself have stabilised in this region. These results, together with those from other studies, provide strong evidence against measles vaccine causing CD or UC.
KW  - measles vaccine
KW  - disease prevalence
KW  - health services
KW  - historical perspective
KW  - measles
KW  - vaccination
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - Crohn disease
KW  - drug efficacy
KW  - female
KW  - health program
KW  - hospital admission
KW  - hospitalization
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - measles vaccination
KW  - ulcerative colitis
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Colitis, Ulcerative
KW  - Crohn Disease
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant
KW  - Male
KW  - Measles Vaccine
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Poisson Distribution
KW  - Risk Factors
N1  - Cited By :16
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JECHD
C2  - 14600114
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Seagroatt, V.; Unit of Health-Care Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom; email: valerie.seagroatt@dphpc.ox.ac.uk
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Measles Vaccine
N1  - References: Logan, R.F., Inflammatory bowel disease incidence: Up, down or unchanged? (1998) Gut, 42, pp. 309-311; 
Thompson, N.P., Montgomery, S.M., Pounder, R.E., Is measles vaccination a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease? (1995) Lancet, 345, pp. 1071-1074; 
Feeney, M., Clegg, A., Winwood, P., A case-control study of measles vaccination and inflammatory bowel disease (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 764-766. , The East Dorset Gastroenterology Group; 
Morris, D.C., Montgomery, S.M., Thompson, N.P., Measles vaccination and inflammatory bowel disease (2000) Am J Gasteroenterol, 95, pp. 3507-3512; 
Davis, R.L., Kramarz, P., Bohlke, K., Measles-mumps-rubella and other measles-containing vaccines do not increase the risk for inflammatory bowel disease: A case-control study from the Vaccine Safety Datalink project (2001) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 155, pp. 354-359; 
Primatesta, P., Goldacre, M.J., Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in England and the Oxford record linkage study area: A profile of hospitalised morbidity (1995) Int J Epidemiol, 24, pp. 922-928; 
(1993) GLIM4. The Statistical System for Generalized Linear Interactive Modelling, , Oxford: Numerical Algorithms Group; 
http://www.phls.co.uk/topics_az/vaccination/cover.htm; Barton, J.R., Gillon, S., Ferguson, A., Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease in Scottish children between 1968 and 1983; marginal fall in ulcerative colitis, three-fold rise in Crohn's disease (1989) Gut, 30, pp. 618-622; 
Armitage, E., Drummond, H.E., Wilson, D.C., Increasing incidence of both juvenile-onset Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in Scotland (2001) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 13, pp. 1439-1447; 
Kyle, J., Crohn's disease in the northeastern and northern Isles of Scotland: An epidemiological review (1992) Gastroenterology, 103, pp. 392-399; 
Farrington, P., Miller, E., Measles vaccination as a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease (1995) Lancet, 345, p. 1362. , Letter
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0242656192&doi=10.1136%2fjech.57.11.883&partnerID=40&md5=c02eabd5c649ff9738ec0aeb2bd25e79
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Adverse pregnancy outcomes near landfill sites in Cumbria, northwest England, 1950-1993
T2  - Archives of Environmental Health
J2  - Arch. Environ. Health
VL  - 58
IS  - 11
SP  - 692
EP  - 698
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.3200/AEOH.58.11.692-698
SN  - 00039896 (ISSN) 
AU  - Dummer, T.J.B.
AU  - Dickinson, H.O.
AU  - Parker, L.
AD  - School of Social Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
AD  - Centre for Health Services Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, United Kingdom
AD  - Paediatr./Lifecourse E. R. G., School of Clinical Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, United Kingdom
AD  - Sir James Spence Inst. Child Hlth., University of Newcastle, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
AB  - Although several researchers have addressed the risk of congenital anomaly in relation to proximity to landfill sites, few have considered the risks of stillbirth or neonatal death for mothers who reside near landfills. The authors studied all 4,325 stillbirths, 3,430 neonatal deaths, and 1,569 lethal congenital anomalies that occurred among 287,993 births to mothers residing in Cumbria, northwest England, during the years 1950 to 1993. Logistic regression models, with data stratified by time period and adjusted for subject-specific demographic factors, were used to investigate the risk for each outcome in regard to proximity at birth to landfill sites within Cumbria. For the years 1970-1993, a small but significantly increased risk of death from "Other congenital anomalies of nervous system" (International Classification of Diseases, 9th rev. [ICD-9], code 742) was found in children of mothers living near domestic waste landfill sites. There was no increased risk of any other lethal adverse pregnancy outcome associated with residence near the landfills studied. The authors' finding of increased risk of death from "Other congenital anomalies of nervous system" closer to landfill sites (e.g., continuous odds ratio = 1.14 [95% confidence interval = 1.03, 1.25] for increasing proximity to landfill sites during 1976-1993) was consistent with findings of other researchers; however, a casual effect could not be inferred from this statistical association, and the possibility that this was a chance finding (in view of multiple significance testing) could not be excluded. Further research incorporating actual pollution data collected around landfill sites and the examination of both lethal and nonlethal congenital anomalies is recommended.
KW  - Congenital anomalies
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Landfills
KW  - Neonatal death
KW  - Pollution
KW  - Stillbirth
KW  - article
KW  - congenital disorder
KW  - domestic waste
KW  - human
KW  - landfill
KW  - logistic regression analysis
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - nervous system malformation
KW  - newborn death
KW  - pollution
KW  - pregnancy complication
KW  - priority journal
KW  - stillbirth
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Abnormalities
KW  - Birth Certificates
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Death Certificates
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Geographic Information Systems
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant Mortality
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Maternal Exposure
KW  - Multivariate Analysis
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy Outcome
KW  - Refuse Disposal
KW  - Residence Characteristics
KW  - Risk Factors
N1  - Cited By :17
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AEHLA
C2  - 15702893
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Parker, L.; Sir James Spence Inst. Child Hlth., University of Newcastle, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom; email: louise.parker@ncl.ac.uk
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Mukarjee, D., Health impacts of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins: A critical review (1998) J Air Waste Manag Assoc, 48, pp. 157-165; 
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Watanabe, S., Kitamura, K., Nagahashi, M., Effects of dioxins on human health: A review (1999) J Epidemiol, 9, pp. 1-13; 
Dolk, H., Vrijheid, M., Armstrong, B., Risk of congenital anomalies near hazardous-waste landfill sites in Europe: The EUROHAZCON study (1998) Lancet, 352, pp. 423-427; 
Elliott, P., Briggs, D., Morris, S., Risk of adverse birth outcomes in populations living near landfill sites (2001) Br Med J, 323, pp. 363-368; 
Vrijheid, M., Dolk, H., Armstrong, B., Chromosomal congenital anomalies and residence near hazardous landfill sites (2002) Lancet, 359, pp. 320-322; 
Vianna, N.J., Polan, A.K., Incidence of low birthweight among Love Canal residents (1984) Science, 226, pp. 1217-1219; 
Goldman, L.R., Paigen, B., Magnant, M.M., Low birth weight, prematurity and birth defects in children living near the hazardous waste site, Love Canal (1985) Haz Waste Haz Mat, 2, pp. 209-223; 
Geschwind, S.A., Stolwijk, J.A.J., Bracken, M., Risk of congenital malformations associated with proximity to hazardous waste sites (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 135, pp. 1197-1207; 
Berry, M., Bove, F., Birthweight reduction associated with residence near a hazardous waste landfill (1997) Environ Health Perspect, 105, pp. 856-861; 
Croen, L.A., Shaw, G.A., Sanbonmatsu, L., Maternal residential proximity to hazardous waste sites and risk for selected congenital malformations (1997) Epidemiol, 8, pp. 347-354; 
Goldberg, M.S., Goulet, L., Riberdy, H., Low birth weight and preterm births among infants born to women living near a municipal solid waste landfill site in Montreal, Quebec (1995) Environ Res, 69, pp. 37-50; 
Shaw, G.M., Chulman, P.H., Frisch, J.D., Congenital malformations and birthweight reduction in areas with potential environmental contamination (1992) Arch Environ Health, 47, pp. 147-153; 
Sosniak, W.A., Kaye, W.E., Gomez, T.M., Data linkage to explore the risk of low birthweight associated with maternal proximity to hazardous waste sites from the National Priorities List (1994) Arch Environ Health, 49, pp. 251-255; 
Marshal, E.G., Gensburg, L.J., Deres, D.A., Maternal residential exposure to hazardous wastes and risk of central nervous system and musculoskeletal birth defects (1997) Arch Environ Health, 52, pp. 416-425; 
McNamee, R., Dolk, H., Does exposure to landfill waste harm the fetus? (2001) Br Med J, 323, pp. 351-352; 
Dickinson, H.O., Parker, L., Harris, D., Audit of ascertainment of deaths to children born in Cumbria, UK in 1950-1989, through the NHS Central Register (1997) J Epidemiol Community Health, 51, pp. 438-442; 
Parker, L., Smith, J., Dickinson, H.O., The creation of a database of workers at a nuclear facility - An exercise in record linkage (1997) Appl Occup Environ Hyg, 12, pp. 40-45; 
Local Government Act 1972, Schedule 1. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1972; p 236; Parker, L., Craft, A., Smith, J., Geographical distribution of preconceptual radiation doses to fathers employed at the Sellafield nuclear installation, West Cumbria (1993) Br Med J, 307, pp. 966-971; 
Births and Deaths Registration Act 1953. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1953; Stillbirth (Definition) Act 1992. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1992; (1982) International Classification of Diseases, 9th Rev., , (ICD-9) Geneva: World Health Organization; 
Royal Mail Postcode Services. Postzon. Portsmouth, UK: National Postcode Centre, 1992; (1990) Standard Occupational Classification, 1-3. , London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; 
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Botting, B., (1995) The Health of Our Children, , OPCS Decennial Supplement. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; 
Hosmer, D.W., Lemeshow, S., (1989) Applied Logistic Regression, , New York: Wiley; 
Pearce, M.S., Dickinson, H.O., Aitken, M., Still-births among the offspring of male radiation workers at the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant: Detailed results and statistical aspects (2002) J Royal Stat Soc, 165 (3), pp. 523-548; 
Royall, R.M., Model robust confidence intervals using maximum likelihood estimators (1986) Int Stat Rev, 54, pp. 221-226; 
Dummer, T.J.B., Dickinson, H.O., Pearce, M.S., Stillbirth risk with social class and deprivation: No evidence for increasing inequality (2000) J Clin Epidemiol, 53, pp. 147-155; 
(1995) The OPCS Monitoring System for Congenital Malformations, p. 43. , London: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys; Occasional paper
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-11944257197&doi=10.3200%2fAEOH.58.11.692-698&partnerID=40&md5=ae8cdb1a24863b623cdcf0e289ce404c
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Incidence trends of mesothelioma in Norway, 1965-1999
T2  - International Journal of Cancer
J2  - Int. J. Cancer
VL  - 107
IS  - 1
SP  - 94
EP  - 98
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1002/ijc.11357
SN  - 00207136 (ISSN) 
AU  - Ulvestad, B.
AU  - Kjaerheim, K.
AU  - Møller, B.
AU  - Andersen, A.
AD  - Cancer Registry of Norway, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
AB  - Asbestos exposure is considered to be the only important risk factor for malignant mesothelioma. The importation of asbestos to Norway increased after World War II and peaked in 1970. Stringent regulations took effect in 1977, and importation and use of asbestos practically ended in Norway in the late 1970s, until importation was prohibited in 1982. Our study aimed to analyze the incidence of mesothelioma in Norway according to temporal variation, to study the consequences of the use of asbestos and the asbestos ban effectiveness. An age-period-cohort model was used to analyze time trends for pleural mesotheliomas. From 1965-1999, the annual number of pleural mesotheliomas rose gradually both in males and females, and the highest annual number of pleural mesotheliomas was recorded in 1999 with 73 new cases diagnosed. The age-adjusted log linear drift of malignant mesothelioma of the pleura during the observation period rose 31.1% per 5 years among men and 15.9% among women. In 1995-1999, the age-adjusted incidence rate for men was 16.6 per million person-years for men and 2.3 for women. Cohort-specific risks increased for men born up to around 1935. After this the risks seem to stabilize. The rates were determined by age and by birth cohort. The delayed period effect of the asbestos regulation by the late 1970s will probably have its greatest effects on the mesothelioma rates around 2010. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
KW  - Age-period-cohort model
KW  - Asbestos
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Occupational expoxure
KW  - asbestos
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cancer registry
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - malignant mesothelioma
KW  - Norway
KW  - occupational exposure
KW  - peritoneum mesothelioma
KW  - pleura mesothelioma
KW  - priority journal
KW  - sex difference
KW  - time
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Asbestos
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Mesothelioma
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Norway
KW  - Pleural Neoplasms
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :25
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJCNA
C2  - 12925962
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Ulvestad, B.; Cancer Registry of Norway, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway; email: bente.ulvestad@kreftregisteret.no
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: asbestos, 1332-21-4; Asbestos, 1332-21-4
N1  - References: Wagner, J.C., Sleggs, C.A., Marchand, P., Diffuse pleural mesothelioma and asbestos exposure in the North Western Cape Province (1960) Br J Ind Med, 17, pp. 260-271; 
Schottenfeld, D., Fraumeni, J.F., (1996) Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, 2nd Ed., pp. 653-656. , New York: Oxford University Press; 
Peto, J., Hodgson, J.T., Matthews, F.E., Jones, J.R., Continuing increase in mesothelioma mortality in Britain (1995) Lancet, 345, pp. 535-539; 
Kjaergaard, J., Andersson, M., Incidence rates of malignant mesothelioma in Denmark and predicted future number of cases among men (2000) Scand J Work Environ Health, 26, pp. 112-117; 
Karjalainen, A., Pukkala, E., Mattson, K., Tammilehto, L., Vainio, H., Trends in mesothelioma incidence and occupational mesotheliomas in Finland in 1960-1995 (1997) Scand J Work Environ Health, 23, pp. 266-270; 
Ariad, S., Barchana, M., Yukelson, A., Geffen, D.B., A worrying increase in the incidence of mesothelioma in Israel (2000) Isr Med Assoc J, 2, pp. 828-832; 
Jarvholm, B., Englund, A., Albin, M., Pleural mesothelioma in Sweden: An analysis of the incidence according to the use of asbestos (1999) Occup Environ Med, 56, pp. 110-113; 
(1977) Asbestos. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man, 14. , Lyon: IARC. 848p; 
Spirtas, R., Heineman, E.F., Bernstein, L., Beebe, G.W., Keehn, R.J., Stark, A., Harlow, B.L., Benichou, J., Malignant mesothelioma: Attributable risk of asbestos exposure (1994) Occup Environ Med, 51, pp. 804-811; 
Dreyer, L., Andersen, A., Pukkala, E., Occupation (1997) APMIS, 105 (SUPPL. 76), pp. 68-79. , Avoidable cancers in the Nordic countries; 
McDonald, J.C., McDonald, A.D., Epidemiology of mesothelioma from estimated incidence (1977) Prev Med, 6, pp. 426-446; 
Andersson, M., Olsen, J.H., Trend and distribution of mesothelioma in Denmark (1985) Br J Cancer, 51, pp. 699-705; 
Janssen-Heijnen, Damhuis, R.A.M., Klinkhamer, P.J.J.M., Schipper, R.M., Coebergh, J.W.W., Increased but low incidence and poor survival of malignant mesothelioma in the southeastern part of the Netherlands since 1970: A population based study (1999) Eur J Cancer Prev, 8, pp. 311-314; 
Gennaro, V., Montanaro, F., Lazzarotto, A., Bianchelli, M., Celesia, M.V., Mesothelioma registry of the Liguria region. Incidence and occupational etiology in a high risk area (2000) Epid Prev, 24, pp. 213-218; 
(1997) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, 7. , Lyon: IARC Sci Publ; 
Mowe, G., Gylseth, B., Hartveit, F., Skaug, V., Occupational asbestos exposure, lung-fiber concentration and latency time in malignant mesothelioma (1984) Scand J Work Environ Health, 10, pp. 293-298; 
Leigh, J., Davidson, P., Hendrie, L., Berry, D., Malignant mesothelioma in Australia, 1945-2000 (2002) Am J Ind Med, 41, pp. 188-201; 
Peto, J., Seidman, H., Selikoff, I.J., Mesothelioma mortality in asbestos workers: Implications for models of carcinogenesis and risk assessment (1982) Br J Cancer, 45, pp. 124-135; 
Andersen, N., Berg, K., Noer, G., Mesothelioma of the pleura (1960) Acta Tub Scand, 39, pp. 320-330; 
Semb, G., Diffuse malignant mesothelioma. A clinicopathological study of 10 fatal cases (1963) Acta Chir Scand, 126, pp. 78-91; 
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Mowe, G., (1994) The History of Asbestos-Related Diseases in Norway. Advances in Modern Environmental Toxicology, , Princeton, NJ: Princeton Scientific Publishing. 147p; 
Carbone, M., Rizzo, P., Pass, H., Simian virus 40: The link with human malignant mesothelioma is well established (2000) Anticancer Res, 20, pp. 875-878; 
Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. II: Age-period-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 469-481; 
Ilg, A., Bignon, J., Valleron, A., Estimation of the past and future burden of mortality from mesothelioma in France (1998) Occup Environ Med, 55, pp. 760-765; 
McCaughey, W.T.E., Kannerstein, M., Churg, J., (1985) Tumors and Pseudotumors of the Serous Membranes. Atlas of Tumor Pathology, 2nd Series, Fascicle 20, , Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; 
Albin, M., Magnani, C., Krstev, S., Rapiti, E., Shefer, I., Asbestos and cancer: An overview of current trends in Europe (1999) Environ Health Perspec, 107, pp. 289-297; 
Britton, M., The epidemiology of mesothelioma (2002) Semin Oncol, 29, pp. 18-25; 
Nielsen, A.M., Olsen, J.H., Madsen, P.M., Francis, D., Almind, M., Peritoneal mesotheliomas in Danish women: Review of histopathologic slides and history of abdominal surgery (1994) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 73, pp. 581-585; 
Klein, G., Powers, A., Croce, C., Association of SV40 with human tumors (2002) Oncogene, 21, pp. 1141-1149; 
Huncharek, M., Non-asbestos related diffuse malignant mesothelioma (2002) Tumorigenesis, 88, pp. 1-9
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0042415327&doi=10.1002%2fijc.11357&partnerID=40&md5=8b3e9cf51ccd56ff71df3f4b2a7249c6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cancer risk following organ transplantation: A nationwide cohort study in Sweden
T2  - British Journal of Cancer
J2  - Br. J. Cancer
VL  - 89
IS  - 7
SP  - 1221
EP  - 1227
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601219
SN  - 00070920 (ISSN) 
AU  - Adami, J.
AU  - Gäbel, H.
AU  - Lindelöf, B.
AU  - Ekström, K.
AU  - Rydh, B.
AU  - Glimelius, B.
AU  - Ekbom, A.
AU  - Adami, H.-O.
AU  - Granath, F.
AD  - Dept. Med. Epidemiol. Biostatist., Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Transplant Unit, National Board of Health and Welfare, SE-106 30 Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Department of Dermatology, Karolinska Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
AD  - Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - A substantial excess risk of lymphomas and nonmelanoma skin cancer has been demonstrated following organ transplantation. Large sample size and long follow-up time may, however, allow more accurate risk estimates and detailed understanding of long-term cancer risk. The objective of the study was to assess the risk of cancer following organ transplantation. A nationwide cohort study comprising 5931 patients who underwent transplantation of kidney, liver or other organs during 1970-1997 in Sweden was conducted. Complete follow-up was accomplished through linkage to nationwide databases. We used comparisons with the entire Swedish population to calculate standardised incidence ratios (SIRs), and Poisson regression for multivariate internal analyses of relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Overall, we observed 692 incident first cancers vs 171 expected (SIR 4.0; 95% CI 3.7-4.4). We confirmed marked excesses of nonmelanoma skin cancer (SIR 56.2; 95% CI 49.8-63.2), lip cancer (SIR 53.3; 95% CI 38.0-72.5) and of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (SIR 6.0; 95% CI 4.4-8.0). Compared with patients who underwent kidney transplantation, those who received other organs were at substantially higher risk of NHL (RR 8.4; 95% CI 4.3- 16). Besides, we found, significantly, about 20-fold excess risk of cancer of the vulva and vagina, 10-fold of anal cancer, and five-fold of oral cavity and kidney cancer, as well as two- to four-fold excesses of cancer in the oesophagus, stomach, large bowel, urinary bladder, lung and thyroid gland. In conclusion, organ transplantation entails a persistent about four-fold increased overall cancer risk. The complex pattern of excess risk at many sites challenges current understanding of oncogenic infections that might become activated by immunologic alterations. © 2003 Cancer Research UK.
KW  - Cohort study
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Organ transplantation
KW  - adult
KW  - anus cancer
KW  - article
KW  - bladder cancer
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cancer localization
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - confidence interval
KW  - data base
KW  - diagnostic accuracy
KW  - esophagus cancer
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - high risk population
KW  - human
KW  - immunopathology
KW  - infection risk
KW  - intermethod comparison
KW  - kidney cancer
KW  - kidney transplantation
KW  - large intestine cancer
KW  - lip cancer
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - lymphoma
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - melanoma
KW  - mouth cancer
KW  - multivariate analysis
KW  - nonhodgkin lymphoma
KW  - organ transplantation
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - sampling
KW  - skin cancer
KW  - stomach cancer
KW  - Sweden
KW  - thyroid cancer
KW  - vagina cancer
KW  - vulva cancer
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Organ Transplantation
KW  - Registries
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Sweden
N1  - Cited By :422
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJCAA
C2  - 14520450
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Adami, J.; Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; email: johanna.adami@mep.ki.se
N1  - References: Adami, H.O., McLaughlin, J., Ekbom, A., Berne, C., Silverman, D., Hacker, D., Persson, I., Cancer risk in patients with diabetes mellitus (1991) Cancer Causes Control, 2, pp. 307-314; 
Alloub, M.I., Barr, B.B., McLaren, K.M., Smith, I.W., Bunney, M.H., Smart, G.E., Human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with renal allografts (1989) BMJ, 298, pp. 153-156; 
Barr, B.B., Benton, E.C., McLaren, K., Bunney, M.H., Smith, I.W., Blessing, K., Hunter, J.A., Human papilloma virus infection and skin cancer in renal allograft recipients (1989) Lancet, 1, pp. 124-129; 
Birkeland, S.A., Lokkegaard, H., Storm, H.H., Cancer risk in patients on dialysis and after renal transplantation (2000) Lancet, 355, pp. 1886-1887; 
Birkeland, S.A., Storm, H.H., Lamm, L.U., Barlow, L., Blohme, I., Forsberg, B., Eklund, B., Frodin, L., Cancer risk after renal transplantation in the Nordic countries, 1964-1986 (1995) Int J Cancer, 60, pp. 183-189; 
Blohme, I., Brynger, H., Malignant disease in renal transplant patients (1985) Transplantation, 39, pp. 23-25; 
Bouwes Bavinck, J.N., Claas, F.H., Hardie, D.R., Green, A., Vermeer, B.J., Hardie, I.R., Relation between HLA antigens and skin cancer in renal transplant recipients in Queensland, Australia (1997) J Invest Dermatol, 108, pp. 708-711; 
Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., Statistical methods in cancer research (1987) IARC Sci Publ, 2, pp. 1-406. , The design and analysis of cohort studies; 
Fairley, C.K., Sheil, A.G., McNeil, J.J., Ugoni, A.M., Disney, A.P., Giles, G.G., Amiss, N., The risk of ano-genital malignancies in dialysis and transplant patients (1994) Clin Nephrol, 41, pp. 101-105; 
Frisch, M., Glimelius, B., Van Den Brule, A.J., Wohlfahrt, J., Meijer, C.J., Walboomers, J.M., Goldman, S., Melbye, M., Sexually transmitted infection as a cause of anal cancer (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 1350-1358; 
Galloway, D.A., Daling, J.R., Is the evidence implicating human papillomavirus type 16 in esophageal cancer hard to swallow? (1996) J Natl Cancer Inst, 88, pp. 1421-1423; 
Goedert, J., (2000) Infectious Causes of Cancer. Targets for Intervention, , Press H (ed). New Jersey; 
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Harris, N.L., Jaffe, E.S., Stein, H., Banks, P.M., Chan, J.K., Cleary, M.L., Delsol, G., Gatter, K.C., A revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms: A proposal from the International Lymphoma Study Group (1994) Blood, 84, pp. 1361-1392; 
Hoshida, Y., Tsukuma, H., Yasunaga, Y., Xu, N., Fujita, M.Q., Satoh, T., Ichikawa, Y., Aozasa, K., Cancer risk after renal transplantation in Japan (1997) Int J Cancer, 71, pp. 517-520; 
Hoover, R., Fraumeni J.F., Jr., Risk of cancer in renal-transplant recipients (1973) Lancet, 2, pp. 5-7; 
Huang, J.Q., Sridhar, S., Chen, Y., Hunt, R.H., Meta-analysis of the relationship between Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and gastric cancer (1998) Gastroenterology, 114, pp. 1169-1179; 
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Kantor, A.F., Hoover, R.N., Kinlen, L.J., McMullan, M.R., Fraumenti J.F., Jr., Cancer in patients receiving long-term dialysis treatment (1987) Am J Epidemiol, 126, pp. 370-376; 
Kinlen, L.J., Immunosuppression and cancer (1992) IARC Sci Publ, 116, pp. 237-253; 
Kinlen, L.J., Sheil, A.G., Peto, J., Doll, R., Collaborative United Kingdom-Australasian study of cancer in patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs (1979) Br Med J, 2, pp. 1461-1466; 
Kyllonen, L., Salmela, K., Pukkala, E., Cancer incidence in a kidney-transplanted population (2000) Transpl Int, 13 (1 SUPPL.), pp. S394-S398; 
Lagiou, P., Kuper, H., Stuver, S.O., Tzonou, A., Trichopoulos, D., Adami, H.O., Role of diabetes mellitus in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (2000) J Natl Cancer Inst, 92, pp. 1096-1099; 
Lindelof, B., Sigurgeirsson, B., Gabel, H., Stern, R.S., Incidence of skin cancer in 5356 patients following organ transplantation (2000) Br J Dermatol, 143, pp. 513-519; 
Maisonneuve, P., Agodoa, L., Gellert, R., Stewart, J.H., Buccianti, G., Lowenfels, A.B., Wolfe, R.A., Boyle, P., Cancer in patients on dialysis for end-stage renal disease: An international collaborative study (1999) Lancet, 354, pp. 93-99; 
Mork, J., Lie, A.K., Glattre, E., Hallmans, G., Jellum, E., Koskela, P., Moller, B., Dillner, J., Human papillomavirus infection as a risk factor for squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck (2001) N Engl J Med, 344, pp. 1125-1131; 
Nilsson, A.C., Spetz, C.L., Carsjo, K., Nightingale, R., Smedby, B., Reliability of the hospital registry. The diagnostic data are better than their reputation (1994) Lakartidningen, 91, p. 598; 
Nyren, O., McLaughlin, J.K., Gridley, G., Ekbom, A., Johnell, O., Fraumeni J.F., Jr., Adami, H.O., Cancer risk after hip replacement with metal implants: A population-based cohort study in Sweden (1995) J Natl Cancer Inst, 87, pp. 28-33; 
Opelz, G., Henderson, R., Incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in kidney and heart transplant recipients (1993) Lancet, 342, pp. 1514-1516; 
Penn, I., The changing pattern of posttransplant malignancies (1991) Transplant Proc, 23, pp. 1101-1103; 
Penn, I., Tumors after renal and cardiac transplantation (1993) Hematol Oncol Clin North Am, 7, pp. 431-445; 
Penn, I., Cancers in renal transplant recipients (2000) Adv Ren Replace Ther, 7, pp. 147-156; 
Porreco, R., Penn, I., Droegemueller, W., Greer, B., Makowski, E., Gynecologic malignancies in immunosuppressed organ homograft recipients (1975) Obstet Gynecol, 45, pp. 359-364; 
Shankaran, V., Ikeda, H., Bruce, A.T., White, J.M., Swanson, P.E., Old, L.J., Schreiber, R.D., IFNgamma and lymphocytes prevent primary tumour development and shape tumour immunogenicity (2001) Nature, 410, pp. 1107-1111; 
Sillman, F., Stanek, A., Sedlis, A., Rosenthal, J., Lanks, K.W., Buchhagen, D., Nicastri, A., Boyce, J., The relationship between human papilloma-virus and lower genital intraepithelial neoplasia in immunosuppressed women (1984) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 150, pp. 300-308; 
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Ylitalo, N., Sorensen, P., Josefsson, A.M., Magnusson, P.K., Andersen, P.K., Ponten, J., Adami, H.O., Melbye, M., Consistent high viral load of human papillomavirus 16 and risk of cervical carcinoma in situ: A nested case-control study (2000) Lancet, 355, pp. 2194-2198
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Blood pressure and site-specific cancer mortality: Evidence from the original Whitehall study
T2  - British Journal of Cancer
J2  - Br. J. Cancer
VL  - 89
IS  - 7
SP  - 1243
EP  - 1247
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601255
SN  - 00070920 (ISSN) 
AU  - Batty, G.D.
AU  - Shipley, M.J.
AU  - Marmot, M.G.
AU  - Davey Smith, G.
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
AD  - Division of Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom
AB  - Studies relating blood pressure to cancer risk have some shortcomings and have revealed inconsistent findings. In 17 498 middle-aged London-based government employees we related systolic and diastolic blood pressure recorded at baseline examination (1967-1970) to the risk of cancer mortality risk at 13 anatomical sites 25 years later. Following adjustment for potential confounding and mediating factors, inverse associations between blood pressure and mortality due to leukaemia and cancer of the pancreas (diastolic only) were seen. Blood pressure was also positively related to cancer of the liver and rectum (diastolic only). The statistically significant blood pressure-cancer associations seen in this large-scale prospective investigation offering high power were scarce and of sufficiently small magnitude as to be attributable to chance or confounding. © 2003 Cancer Research UK.
KW  - Blood pressure
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Men
KW  - Neoplasm
KW  - Whitehall
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - bladder cancer
KW  - brain cancer
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - controlled study
KW  - diastolic blood pressure
KW  - esophagus cancer
KW  - human
KW  - kidney cancer
KW  - leukemia
KW  - liver cancer
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - lymphoma
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - pancreas cancer
KW  - prediction
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prognosis
KW  - prostate cancer
KW  - rectum cancer
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - risk factor
KW  - stomach cancer
KW  - systolic blood pressure
KW  - Adult
KW  - Blood Pressure
KW  - Cardiovascular Diseases
KW  - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Risk Factors
N1  - Cited By :30
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJCAA
C2  - 14520454
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Batty, G.D.; Department of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; email: david.batty@lshtm.ac.uk
N1  - References: (1967) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death (Eighth Revision), , Geneva: World Health Organisation; 
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Batty, G.D., Shipley, M.J., Marmot, M., Davey Smith, G., Physical activity and cause-specific mortality in men with type 2 diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance: Evidence from the Whitehall study (2002) Diab Med, 19, pp. 580-588; 
Brenner, H., Long-term survival rates of cancer patients achieved by the end of the 20th century: A period analysis (2002) Lancet, 360, pp. 1131-1135; 
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Davey Smith, G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Intermittent claudication, heart disease risk factors, and mortality. The Whitehall Study (1990) Circulation, 82, pp. 1925-1931; 
De Waard, F., Baanders-van Halewijn, E.A., A prospective study in general practice on breast-cancer risk in postmenopausal women (1974) Int J Cancer, 14, pp. 153-160; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0242361185&doi=10.1038%2fsj.bjc.6601255&partnerID=40&md5=a689a8074d65551257d9d4213793f519
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Colles fracture, spine fracture, and subsequent risk of hip fracture in men and women a meta-analysis
T2  - Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - Series A
J2  - J. Bone Jt. Surg. Ser. A
VL  - 85
IS  - 10
SP  - 1936
EP  - 1943
PY  - 2003
SN  - 00219355 (ISSN) 
AU  - Haentjens, P.
AU  - Autier, P.
AU  - Collins, J.
AU  - Velkeniers, B.
AU  - Vanderschueren, D.
AU  - Boonen, S.
AD  - Dept. of Orthopaedics/Traumatology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Academisch Ziekenhuis, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
AD  - Center for Research in Epidemiology, Health Information Systems Luxemburg, Rue Dicks 18, L-1471 Luxemburg, Luxembourg
AD  - Department of Obstetrics, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ont. L8N 3Z5, Canada
AD  - Division of Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Brusselse straat 69, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
AD  - Division of Geriatric Medicine, Leuven Univ. Ctr. Metab. Bone Dis., Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Brusselse straat 69, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
AB  - Background: In postmenopausal women, a history of any fracture is an important risk factor for a future hip fracture. Whether similar findings apply to aging men remains to be established. We conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis of the literature to compare men and women with respect to the relative risk of hip fracture after a wrist or spine fracture. Methods: Studies published in full from January 1982 through September 2002 in English, French, or German were identified from the PubMed database and from reference lists of retrieved articles. We included cohort studies that reported fractures associated with minimal trauma of the wrist or spine as a risk factor for a subsequent hip fracture among (white) women and men who were fifty years old or older. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers and were checked for accuracy in a second review. Differences in assessments were resolved by consensus of the two reviewers. Results: Nine cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis: five studies were conducted in the United States and four, in Europe. After homogeneity of association was demonstrated across all studies, a fixed-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled relative risks with 95% confidence intervals. Among postmenopausal women, the relative risks for a future fracture of the hip after a fracture of the wrist or spine were 1.53 (95% confidence interval, 1.34 to 1.74; p < 0.001) and 2.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.92 to 2.51; p < 0.001), respectively. In older men, these relative risks were 3.26 (95% confidence interval, 2.08 to 5.11; p < 0.001) and 3.54 (95% confidence interval, 2.01 to 6.23; p < 0.001), respectively. Fractures of the distal part of the radius increased the relative risk of hip fracture significantly more in men than in women (p = 0.002). The impact of a spine fracture, conversely, did not differ between genders (p = 0.11). Sensitivity analyses with use of random-effects methodology confirmed these findings to be robust. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that a previous spine fracture has an equally important impact on the risk of a subsequent hip fracture in both genders. The prospective association between a Colles fracture and a subsequent hip fracture, however, is significantly stronger among men than among postmenopausal women. Men with a Colles fracture are at high risk for a future hip fracture and should be evaluated as candidates for preventive measures. Level of Evidence: Prognostic study, Level 1-2 (systematic review of Level-1 studies). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
KW  - aging
KW  - clinical trial
KW  - Colles fracture
KW  - disease association
KW  - female
KW  - hip fracture
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - meta analysis
KW  - postmenopause
KW  - priority journal
KW  - review
KW  - risk factor
KW  - spine fracture
KW  - spine injury
KW  - wrist fracture
KW  - wrist injury
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Colles' Fracture
KW  - Female
KW  - Hip Fractures
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Postmenopause
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Spinal Fractures
N1  - Cited By :86
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JBJSA
C2  - 14563801
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Haentjens, P.; Dept. of Orthopaedics/Traumatology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium; email: orthsp@az.vub.ac.be
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0141993063&partnerID=40&md5=757cf4cfc48d87c680512866db1dd37f
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Socioeconomic position in early life, birth weight, childhood cognitive function, and adult mortality. A longitudinal study of Danish men born in 1953
T2  - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
J2  - J. Epidemiol. Community Health
VL  - 57
IS  - 9
SP  - 681
EP  - 686
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1136/jech.57.9.681
SN  - 0143005X (ISSN) 
AU  - Osler, M.
AU  - Andersen, A.-M.N.
AU  - Due, P.
AU  - Lund, R.
AU  - Damsgaard, M.T.
AU  - Holstein, B.E.
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
AB  - Objective: To examine the relation between socioeconomic position in early life and mortality in young adulthood, taking birth weight and childhood cognitive function into account. Design: A longitudinal study with record linkage to the Civil Registration System and Cause of Death Registry. The data were analysed using Cox regression. Setting: The metropolitan area of Copenhagen, Denmark. Subjects: 7493 male singletons born in 1953, who completed a questionnaire with various cognitive measures, in school at age 12 years, and for whom birth certificates with data on birth and parental characteristics had been traced manually in 1965. This population was followed up from April 1968 to January 2002 for information on mortality. Main outcome measures: Mortality from all causes, cardiovascular diseases, and violent deaths. Results: Men whose fathers were working class or of unknown social class at time of birth had higher mortality rates compared with those whose fathers were high/middle class: hazard ratio 1.39 (95% Cl 1.15 to 1.67) and 2.04 (95% Cl 1.48 to 2.83) respectively. Birth weight and childhood cognitive function were both related to father's social class and inversely associated with all cause mortality. The association between father's social class and mortality attenuated (HR working class1.30 (1.08 to 1.56); HRunkown class 1.81 (1.30 to 2.52)) after control for birth weight and cognitive function. Mortality from cardiovascular diseases and violent deaths was also significantly higher among men with fathers from the lower social classes. Conclusion: The inverse association between father's social class at time of birth and early adult mortality remains, however somewhat attenuated, after adjustment for birth weight and cognitive function.
KW  - child health
KW  - cognition
KW  - mortality
KW  - socioeconomic status
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - cognition
KW  - father
KW  - human
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - register
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - violence
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Cardiovascular Diseases
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Creativeness
KW  - Denmark
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Intelligence
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Proportional Hazards Models
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Violence
KW  - Denmark
N1  - Cited By :130
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JECHD
C2  - 12933773
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Osler, M.; Department of Social Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; email: M.Osler@pubhealth.ku.dk
N1  - References: Davey Smith, G., Gunnel, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Life-course approaches to socio-economic differentials in cause-specific adult mortality (2000) Poverty, Inequality and Health. An International Perspective, pp. 88-124. , Len D, Walt G, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Langenberg, C., Mortality in adults aged 26-54 years related to socioeconomic conditions in childhood and adulthood: Postwar birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 1076-1080; 
Frankel, S., Davey Smith, G., Gunnell, D., Childhood socioecnomic position and adult cardiovascular mortality: The Boyd Orr Cohort (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 150, pp. 1081-1084; 
Ben-Shlomo, Y., Kuh, D., A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: Conceptual models, emperical challenges and interdiciplinary perspectives (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, pp. 285-293; 
Hertzman, C., The biological embedding of early experience and its effect on health in adulthood (1995) Ann NY Acad Sci, 896, pp. 85-95; 
Bartley, M., Power, C., Blane, D., Birth weight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: Evidence from the 1958 British cohort study (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 1475-1479; 
Barker, D.J.P., Forsen, T., Uutela, A., Size at birth and resilience to effects of poor living conditions in adult life: Longitudinal study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 1273-1275; 
Whalley, L.J., Deary, I.J., Longitudinal cohort study of childhood IQ and survival up to age 76 (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 1-5; 
Barker, D.I.P., (1994) Mothers Babies and Disease Later in Life, , London: BMJ Publishing Group; 
Leon, D.A., Lithell, H.O., Vågerö, D., Reduced fetal growth rate and increased risk of death from ischemic heart disease: Cohort study of 15,000 Swedish men and women 1915-29 (1998) BMJ, 317, pp. 241-245; 
Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Birth weight and cognitive function in the British 1946 birth cohort: Longitudinal population study (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 199-203; 
Sørensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Olsen, J., Birth weight and cognitive function in young adult life: Historical cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 401-403; 
Jefferis, B.J.M.H., Power, C., Hertzman, C., Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study (2002) BMJ, 325, pp. 305-308; 
Høgh, E., Wolf, P., Project Metropolitan: A longitudinal study of 12,270 boys from the Metropolitan Area of Copenhagen, Denmark, 1953-1977 (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research, , Mednick SA, Baert AE, eds. London: Oxford University Press; 
Svensson, A., (1964) Sociale Och Regionala Faktarers Samband Med Över- Och Underpresentation i Skolearbetet. Pedagagiska Institutionen, , Göteborgs: Göteborgs Universitet; 
Mednick, S.A., The association basis of the creative process (1962) Psychol Rev, 69, pp. 202-232; 
Grambsch, P.M., Therneau, T.M., Proportional hazard tests and diagnostics based on weighted residuals (1994) Biometrika, 81, pp. 515-526; 
Schuerger, J.M., Witt, A.C., The temporal stability of individually tested intelligence (1989) J Clin Psychol, 45, pp. 294-302; 
Sternberg, R.J., The holy grail of intelligence (2000) Science, 289, pp. 399-401; 
Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Blane, D., Lifetime socioeconomic position and mortality: Prosepctive observational study (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 547-552; 
Ditlevsen, S., Christensen, U., Lynch, J., (2002) The Mediation Proportion: A Structural Equation Approach with an Application to a Common Problem in Social Epidemiology, , Research report 02/11. Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen, Department of Biostatistics
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0042319112&doi=10.1136%2fjech.57.9.681&partnerID=40&md5=0d0f89e7f20758dc7b83e405a42527a6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Life-course body size and perimenopausal mammographic parenchymal patterns in the MRC 1946 British birth cohort
T2  - British Journal of Cancer
J2  - Br. J. Cancer
VL  - 89
IS  - 5
SP  - 852
EP  - 859
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601207
SN  - 00070920 (ISSN) 
AU  - McCormack, V.A.
AU  - Dos Santos Silva, I.
AU  - De Stavola, B.L.
AU  - Perry, N.
AU  - Vinnicombe, S.
AU  - Swerdlow, A.J.
AU  - Hardy, R.
AU  - Kuh, D.
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol./Pop. Health, London Sch. of Hyg./Trop. Medicine, London WCIE 7HT, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London ECI 7BE, United Kingdom
AD  - Med. Res. Cncl. Natl. Surv. Hlth./D., Dept. of Epidemiol./Public Health, Roy. Free/Univ. Coll. Med. School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WCIE 6BT, United Kingdom
AD  - Section of Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Belmont, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
AB  - Dense mammographic parenchymal patterns are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Certain features of body size have been found to be associated with breast cancer risk, but less is known about their relation to breast density. We investigated the association of birth size, childhood growth and life-course changes in body size with Wolfe grade in 1298 perimenopausal women from a British cohort of women born in 1946. The cohort benefits from repeated measures of body size in childhood and adulthood. We obtained mammograms for 90% of women who at age 53 years reported having previously had a mammogram. We found no associations with birth weight or maximum attained height. Body mass index (BMI) at age 53 years and breast size were independently and inversely associated with Wolfe grade (P-value for trend < 0.001 for both). Women who reached puberty later were at a greater odds of a higher Wolfe grade than women who had an earlier puberty (odds ratio associated with a 1 year delay in menarche 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.27, adjusted for BMI and breast size at mammography). A higher BMI at any age during childhood or adult life was associated with a reduction in the odds of a higher Wolfe grade, after controlling for breast size and BMI at mammography, for example, standardised odds ratio for height at age 7 was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.81). These findings reveal the importance of taking life-course changes in body size, and not just contemporaneous measures, into account when using mammographic density as an intermediate marker for risk of breast cancer. © 2003 Cancer Research UK.
KW  - Body size
KW  - Breast density
KW  - Growth
KW  - Life-course
KW  - Mammographic parenchymal patterns
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - body density
KW  - body mass
KW  - body size
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - breast density
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - climacterium
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - life event
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - mammography
KW  - priority journal
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aging
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Body Constitution
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Breast
KW  - Breast Neoplasms
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Climacteric
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Mammography
KW  - Menarche
KW  - Middle Aged
N1  - Cited By :51
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJCAA
C2  - 12942117
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: McCormack, V.A.; Dept. of Epidemiol./Pop. Health, London Sch. of Hyg./Trop. Medicine, London WCIE 7HT, United Kingdom; email: valerie.mccormack@lshtm.ac.uk
N1  - Funding details: Academy of Medical Royal Colleges, Academy of Medical Royal Colleges
N1  - Funding details: Institute of Population and Public Health, Institute of Population and Public Health
N1  - Funding details: National Council for Forest Research and Development, National Council for Forest Research and Development
N1  - Funding details: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
N1  - Funding details: Iowa Department of Public Health, Iowa Department of Public Health
N1  - Funding details: G9819083, Division of Acquisition and Cooperative Support, Division of Acquisition and Cooperative Support
N1  - Funding details: Medical Research Council, Medical Research Council
N1  - Funding text: 1Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; 2Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, London EC1 7BE, UK; 3Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free & University College Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Armstrong, B., Sloan, M., Ordinal regression models for epidemiologic data (1989) Am J Epidemiol, 129, pp. 191-204; 
Bartow, S.A., Pathak, D.R., Mettler, F.A., Key, C.R., Pike, M.C., Breast mammographic pattern: A concatenation of confounding and breast cancer risk factors (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 142, pp. 813-819; 
Boyd, N.F., Byng, J.W., Jong, R.A., Fishell, E.K., Little, L.E., Miller, A.B., Lockwood, G.A., Yaffe, M.J., Quantitative classification of mammographic densities and breast cancer risk: Results from the Canadian National Breast Screening Study (1995) J Natl Cancer Inst, 87, pp. 670-675; 
Boyd, N.F., Lockwood, G.A., Byng, J.W., Little, L.E., Yaffe, M.J., Tritchler, D.L., The relationship of anthropometric measures to radiological features of the breast in premenopausal women (1998) Br J Cancer, 78, pp. 1233-1238; 
Brisson, J., Morrison, A.S., Kopans, D.B., Sadowsky, N.L., Kalisher, L., Twaddle, J.A., Meyer, J.E., Cole, P., Height and weight, mammographic features of breast tissue, and breast cancer risk (1984) Am J Epidemiol, 119, pp. 371-381; 
Byrne, C., Schairer, C., Wolfe, J., Parekh, N., Salane, M., Brinton, L.A., Hoover, R., Haile, R., Mammographic features and breast cancer risk: Effects with time, age and menopause status (1995) J Natl Cancer Inst, 87, pp. 1622-1629; 
Cole, T.J., Weight/heightp compared to weight/height2 for assessing adiposity in childhood: Influence of age and bone age on p during puberty (1986) Ann Hum Biol, 13, pp. 433-451; 
De Stavola, B.L., Gravelle, I.H., Wang, D.Y., Allen, D.S., Bulbrook, R.D., Fentiman, I.S., Hayward, J.L., Chaudary, M.C., Relationship of mammographic parenchymal patterns with breast cancer risk factors and risk of breast cancer in a prospective study (1990) Int J Epidemiol, 19, pp. 247-254; 
De Stavola, B.L., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Dos Santos Silva, I., Wadsworth, M., Swerdlow, A.J., Birthweight, childhood growth and risk of breast cancer in a British cohort (2000) Br J Cancer, 83, pp. 964-968; 
Ekbom, A., Thurfjell, E., Hsieh, C.C., Trichopoulos, D., Adami, H.O., Perinatal characteristics and adult mammographic patterns (1995) Int J Cancer, 61, pp. 177-180; 
Gravelle, I.H., Bulstrode, J.C., Bulbrook, R.D., Wang, D.Y., Allen, D., Hayward, J.L., A prospective study of mammographic parenchymal patterns and risk of breast cancer (1986) Br J Radiol, 59, pp. 487-491; 
Gram, I.T., Funkhouser, E., Tabar, L., Anthropometric indices in relation to mammographic patterns among peri-menopausal women (1997) Int J Cancer, 73, pp. 323-326; 
Grove, J.S., Goodman, M.J., Gilbert F.I., Jr., Mi, M.P., Factors associated with mammographic pattern (1985) Br J Radiol, 58, pp. 21-25; 
Hsieh, C.C., Trichopoulos, D., Breast size, handedness and breast cancer risk (1991) Eur J Cancer, 27, pp. 131-135; 
Hsieh, C.C., Trichopoulos, D., Katsouyanni, K., Yuasa, S., Age at menarche, age at menopause, height and obesity as risk factors for breast cancer: Associations and interactions in an international case-control study (1990) Int J Cancer, 46, pp. 796-800; 
Hunter, D.J., Willett, W.C., Diet, body size and breast cancer (1993) Epidemiol Rev, 15, pp. 110-132; 
Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Women's health in midlife: Findings from a British birth cohort study (2003) J Br Menopause Soc, 9, pp. 55-60; 
McCormack, V.A., Dos Santos Silva, I., De Stavola, B.L., Mohsen, R., Leon, D.A., Lithell, H.O., Fetal growth and subsequent risk of breast cancer: Results from long term follow up of Swedish cohort (2003) Br Mea J, 326, pp. 248-251; 
Michels, K.B., Trichopoulos, D., Robins, J.M., Rosner, B.A., Manson, J.E., Hunter, D.J., Colditz, G.A., Willett, W.C., Birthweight as a risk factor for breast cancer (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1542-1546; 
Oza, A.M., Boyd, N.F., Mammographic parenchymal patterns: A marker of breast cancer risk (1993) Epi Rev, 5, pp. 196-208; 
Parsons, R.J., Power, C., Logan, S., Summerbell, C.D., Childhood predictors of adult obesity: A systematic review (1999) Int J Obesity, 23 (SUPPL. 8), pp. S1-S107; 
Pike, M.C., Spicer, D.V., Dahmoush, L., Press, M.F., Estrogens, progestogens, normal breast cell proliferation, and breast cancer risk (1993) Epidemiol Rev, 15, pp. 17-35; 
Sala, E., Warren, R., McCann, J., Duffy, S., Luben, R., Day, N., High-risk mammographic parenchymal patterns and anthropometric measures: A case-control study (1999) Br J Cancer, 81, pp. 1257-1261; 
Salminen, T., Hakama, M., Meikkila, M., Saarenmaa, I., Favorable change in mammographic parenchymal patterns and breast cancer risk factors (1998) Int J Cancer, 78, pp. 410-414; 
Schafer, J.L., Multiple imputation: A primer (1999) Stat Methods Med Res, 8, pp. 3-15; 
Sorkin, J.D., Muller, D.C., Andres, R., Longitudinal change in height of men and women: Implications for interpretation of the body mass index (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 150, pp. 969-977; 
Van Den Brandt, P.A., Spiegelman, D., Yaun, S.S., Adami, H.O., Beeson, L., Folsom, A.R., Fraser, G., Hunter, D.J., Pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies on height, weight, and breast cancer risk (2000) Am J Epidemiol, 152, pp. 514-527; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., Butterworth, S., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Richards, M., Langenberg, C., Hilder, W.S., Connor, M., The life course prospective design; an example of benefits and problems associated with study longevity Soc Sci Med, , in press; 
Whitehead, J., Carlile, T., Kopecky, K.J., Thompson, D.J., Gilbert F.I., Jr., Present, A.J., Threatt, B.A., Hadaway, E., The relationship between Wolfe's classification of mammograms, accepted breast cancer risk factors, and the incidence of breast cancer (1985) Am J Epidemiol, 122, pp. 994-1006; 
Willett, W.C., Browne, M.L., Bain, C., Lipnick, R.J., Stampfer, M.J., Rosner, B., Colditz, G.A., Speizer, F.E., Relative weight and risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women (1985) Am J Epidemiol, 122, pp. 731-740; 
Wolfe, J.N., Breast patterns as an index of risk for developing breast cancer (1976) Am J Roentgenol, 126, pp. 1130-1139
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0141730413&doi=10.1038%2fsj.bjc.6601207&partnerID=40&md5=a24755ba0f8af11d654208196b302937
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - High coronary heart disease rates among Dutch women of the baby boom, born 1945-1959: Age-cohort analysis and projection
T2  - European Journal of Public Health
J2  - Eur. J. Public Health
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
SP  - 226
EP  - 229
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1093/eurpub/13.3.226
SN  - 11011262 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bonneux, L.
AU  - Looman, C.W.N.
AD  - Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
AD  - Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands
AB  - Background: After a steep decline in older generations, coronary heart disease mortality is stagnating in female cohorts born after the Second World War. We analysed past trends and predicted future health care needs for coronary heart disease in the Dutch population. Methods: A loglinear age-cohort model relates numbers of deaths and hospital admissions for coronary heart disease to sex, age, birth cohort and population size, and projects age-cohort changes over the future population. Population size, population forecasts and coronary heart disease mortality (period 1970-1999) are from vital statistics. Numbers of hospitalised acute coronary events are from the nationwide hospital register (period 1980-1999). Results: Among men, the rate ratios of deaths and hospital admissions were, respectively, 0.21 (death) and 0.78 (survivors at discharge) in the cohorts born in the period 1948-1962 compared to the period 1918-1922. Among women, the same rate ratios were 0.41 and 1.89. The projection model predicts 22% less deaths from coronary heart disease and 22% more survivors of an infarction in 2015, among men. Among women, there will be 5% less deaths and 70% more survivors of an infarction, most of these being middle age members of the baby boom cohorts. Conclusions: Stagnating all-cause mortality is correlated with an upward trend in coronary heart disease risk in the female baby boomers. Heart health care needs among middle-aged women will increase sharply. These changes are correlated to high lung cancer mortality and high smoking rates in these cohorts.
KW  - Baby boom cohorts
KW  - Coronary heart disease
KW  - Lung cancer
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Women
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - birth
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - death
KW  - female
KW  - gender
KW  - health care need
KW  - heart infarction
KW  - hospital admission
KW  - human
KW  - ischemic heart disease
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - population size
KW  - priority journal
KW  - survival
KW  - vital statistics
KW  - Adult
KW  - Coronary Disease
KW  - Female
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Registries
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smoking
N1  - Cited By :4
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EJPHF
C2  - 14533724
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Bonneux, L.; Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands; email: l.bonneux@jc.azu.nl
N1  - References: Bonneux, L., Looman, C.W., Barendregt, J.J., Van der Maas, P.J., Regression analysis of recent changes in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the Netherlands (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 789-792; 
Van der Wilk, E.A., Achterberg, P.W., Kramers, P.G.N., (2001) Long Live the Netherlands [in Dutch], p. 43. , Bilthoven: National Institute of Public Health and the Environment; 
(2001) Statistics Netherlands, , http://www.cbs.nl/default.asp; 
(2001), http://www.prismant.nl/; Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. I: Age-period and age-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 449-467; 
Barendregt, J.J., Looman, C.W.N., Brønnum-Hansen, H., A comparison of cohort smoking intensities in two countries (2002) Bull WHO, 80, pp. 26-32; 
Healy, B., The Yentl syndrome (1991) N Engl J Med, 325, pp. 274-276; 
Khaw, K.T., Where are the women in coronary heart disease? (1993) BMJ, 306, pp. 1145-1146; 
Peto, R., Lopez, A.D., Boreham, J., Thun, M., Heath, C., Mortality from tobacco in developed countries: Indirect estimation from vital statistics (1992) Lancet, 339, pp. 1268-1278; 
Lawlor, D.A., Ebrahim, S., Davey Smith, G., Sex matters: Secular and geographical trends in sex differences in coronary heart disease mortality (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 541-545; 
Gunning-Schepers, L., The health benefits of prevention: A simulation approach (1989) J Health Policy, 12 (1-2 SPEC. ISSUE), pp. 93-129; 
Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. II: Age-period-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 469-481; 
Lightwood, J.M., Glantz, S.A., Short-term economic and health benefits of smoking cessation: Myocardial infarction and stroke (1997) Circulation, 96, pp. 1089-1096; 
Lifestyle and risk factor management and use of drug therapies in coronary patients from 15 countries: Principal results from EUROASPIRE II Euro Heart Survey Programme (2001) Eur Heart J, 22, pp. 554-572; 
Mennen, L.I., Witteman, J.C.M., Geleijnse, J.M., Riskfactors for cardiovascular diseases among the elderly (1995) Nederl Tijdschr Geneeskd, 139, pp. 1983-1988; 
Smit, H.A., Verschuren, W.M.M., Bueno de Mesquita, H.B., Seidell, J.C., (1994) The Monitoring Project on Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases (MORGEN Project). Annual Reports 1993-1997 [in Dutch], , Bilthoven: National Institute of Public health and the Environment
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prevalence of gastrointestinal diseases in two British national birth cohorts
T2  - Gut
J2  - Gut
VL  - 52
IS  - 8
SP  - 1117
EP  - 1121
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1136/gut.52.8.1117
SN  - 00175749 (ISSN) 
AU  - Ehlin, A.G.C.
AU  - Montgomery, S.M.
AU  - Ekbom, A.
AU  - Pounder, R.E.
AU  - Wakefield, A.J.
AD  - Enheten for Klinisk Epidemiologi, Karolinska Sjukhuset M9:01, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Enheten for Klinisk Epidemiologi, Institutionen Medicin Karolinska S., Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - IBD Study Group, Department of Medicine, Roy. Free/Univ. Coll. Medical School, London, United Kingdom
AB  - Background: Few studies have investigated the prevalence of multiple gastrointestinal diseases in the general British population. Aim: To examine the prevalence of Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gall stones (GS), and peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Subjects: The 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS) are two one week national birth cohorts born in 1970 and 1958, respectively. All cohort members living in Great Britain were interviewed in 1999/2000. Methods: The prevalence rates of the five diseases were calculated, and associations with sex and childhood social class were investigated using logistic regression. Results: At age 30 years, the prevalence rates per 10 000 (95% confidence interval (CI)) in the 1970 and 1958 cohorts, respectively, were: CD 38 (26-49), 21 (13-30); UC 30 (20-41), 27 (18-37); IBS 826 (775-877), 290 (267-330); GS 88 (71-106), 78 (62-94); and PUD 244 (214-273), 229 (201-256). There was a significantly higher proportion with CD (p=0.023) and IBS (p=0.000) in the 1970 cohort compared with the 1958 cohort at age 30 years. Comparing the cohorts in the 1999/2000 sweep, UC, GS, and PUD were significantly (p=0.001, p=0.000, p=0.000) more common in the 1958 cohort. There was a statistically significant trend for a higher risk of GS with lower social class in both cohorts combined (p=0.027). Conclusion: The study indicates an increasing temporal trend in the prevalence of CD and suggests a period effect in IBS, possibly due to adult life exposures or variation in recognition and diagnosis of IBS.
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - controlled study
KW  - Crohn disease
KW  - disease association
KW  - female
KW  - gallstone
KW  - gastrointestinal disease
KW  - human
KW  - irritable colon
KW  - lifestyle
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - peptic ulcer
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - race difference
KW  - risk factor
KW  - social class
KW  - ulcerative colitis
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Age of Onset
KW  - Cholelithiasis
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Colitis, Ulcerative
KW  - Colonic Diseases, Functional
KW  - Crohn Disease
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Male
KW  - Peptic Ulcer
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Regression Analysis
N1  - Cited By :61
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: GUTTA
C2  - 12865268
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Ehlin, A.G.C.; Enheten for Klinisk Epidemiologi, Karolinska Sjukhuset M9:01, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; email: Anna.Ehlin@medks.ki.se
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037622921&doi=10.1136%2fgut.52.8.1117&partnerID=40&md5=63b335f859ca531896fe64c23dd0e6d4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Lifetime antecedents of cognitive reserve
T2  - Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
J2  - J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol.
VL  - 25
IS  - 5
SP  - 614
EP  - 624
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1076/jcen.25.5.614.14581
SN  - 13803395 (ISSN) 
AU  - Richards, M.
AU  - Sacker, A.
AD  - MRC Natl. Survey of Hlth./Devmt., University College London, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC Natl. Survey of Hlth./Devmt., Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
AB  - We used path analysis on data from the British 1946 birth cohort to model lifetime antecedents of cognitive reserve, represented by the NART at 53 years, and compared this model for verbal memory and psychomotor function at this age, cognitive outcomes that are sensitive to age-associated decline. We showed independent paths from childhood cognition, educational attainment and adult occupation to cognitive reserve, with that from childhood cognition the strongest, and that from adult occupation the weakest. A similar pattern was found for the verbal memory and psychomotor outcomes, although the pathways were weaker than those to the NART. The pattern was also mirrored by the paths from paternal occupation to childhood cognition, educational attainment and adult occupation, with that to childhood cognition the strongest, and that to adult occupation the weakest. The direct influence of paternal occupation on cognitive reserve was negligible, and almost entirely mediated by childhood cognitive ability and educational attainment.
KW  - academic achievement
KW  - adult
KW  - aging
KW  - article
KW  - cognition
KW  - cognitive reserve
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - female
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - intelligence quotient
KW  - male
KW  - memory
KW  - model
KW  - normal human
KW  - occupation
KW  - outcomes research
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prospective study
KW  - psychomotor activity
KW  - sex difference
KW  - verbal memory
KW  - Adaptation, Physiological
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Cognition Disorders
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Fathers
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Models, Statistical
KW  - Neuronal Plasticity
KW  - Neuropsychological Tests
KW  - Occupations
KW  - Population Surveillance
KW  - Psychomotor Performance
KW  - Recruitment, Neurophysiological
KW  - Sex Distribution
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Verbal Learning
N1  - Cited By :196
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JCENE
C2  - 12815499
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Richards, M.; MRC Natl. Survey of Hlth./Devmt., Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; email: m.richards@ucl.ac.uk
N1  - Funding details: MRC, Medical Research Council
N1  - Funding text: Funding for this study was provided by the Medical Research Council. We thank Professor Michael Wadsworth for helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038015279&doi=10.1076%2fjcen.25.5.614.14581&partnerID=40&md5=bea8761924f89a84e03d062382ad9259
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Testing hypotheses about the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis
T2  - Drug and Alcohol Dependence
J2  - Drug Alcohol Depend.
VL  - 71
IS  - 1
SP  - 37
EP  - 48
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1016/S0376-8716(03)00064-4
SN  - 03768716 (ISSN) 
AU  - Degenhardt, L.
AU  - Hall, W.
AU  - Lynskey, M.
AD  - Natl. Drug/Alcohol Research Centre, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
AB  - Aim: To model the impact of rising rates of cannabis use on the incidence and prevalence of psychosis under four hypotheses about the relationship between cannabis use and psychosis. Methods: The study modelled the effects on the prevalence of schizophrenia over the lifespan of cannabis in eight birth cohorts: 1940-1944, 1945-1949, 1950-1954, 1955-1959, 1960-1964, 1965-1969, 1970-1974, 1975-1979. It derived predictions as to the number of cases of schizophrenia that would be observed in these birth cohorts, given the following four hypotheses: (1) that there is a causal relationship between cannabis use and schizophrenia; (2) that cannabis use precipitates schizophrenia in vulnerable persons; (3) that cannabis use exacerbates schizophrenia; and (4) that persons with schizophrenia are more liable to become regular cannabis users. Results: There was a steep rise in the prevalence of cannabis use in Australia over the past 30 years and a corresponding decrease in the age of initiation of cannabis use. There was no evidence of a significant increase in the incidence of schizophrenia over the past 30 years. Data on trends the age of onset of schizophrenia did not show a clear pattern. Cannabis use among persons with schizophrenia has consistently been found to be more common than in the general population. Conclusions: Cannabis use does not appear to be causally related to the incidence of schizophrenia, but its use may precipitate disorders in persons who are vulnerable to developing psychosis and worsen the course of the disorder among those who have already developed it. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Cannabis use
KW  - Psychosis
KW  - Schizophrenia
KW  - cannabis
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - Australia
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - disease association
KW  - disease predisposition
KW  - drug use
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - hypothesis
KW  - incidence
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - population research
KW  - prediction
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - psychosis
KW  - schizophrenia
KW  - time
KW  - Cannabis
PB  - Elsevier Ireland Ltd
N1  - Cited By :191
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: DADED
C2  - 12821204
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Degenhardt, L.; Natl. Drug/Alcohol Research Centre, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; email: l.degenhardt@unsw.edu.au
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: cannabis, 8001-45-4, 8063-14-7
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038042275&doi=10.1016%2fS0376-8716%2803%2900064-4&partnerID=40&md5=fd6115b070a6e09eb3453f0103ba3cf4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Outcome of follicular lymphoma grade 3: Is anthracycline necessary as front-line therapy?
T2  - British Journal of Cancer
J2  - Br. J. Cancer
VL  - 89
IS  - 1
SP  - 36
EP  - 42
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601006
SN  - 00070920 (ISSN) 
AU  - Chau, I.
AU  - Jones, R.
AU  - Cunningham, D.
AU  - Wotherspoon, A.
AU  - Maisey, N.
AU  - Norman, A.R.
AU  - Jain, P.
AU  - Bishop, L.
AU  - Horwich, A.
AU  - Catovsky, D.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Histopathology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Computing, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
AD  - Academic Department of Haematology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Academic Radiotherapy, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
AB  - A grading system (grades 1-3) for follicular lymphoma (FL) is used in the WHO classification for lymphoid malignancies based on the absolute number of centroblasts in the neoplastic follicles. Grade 3 FL is further subdivided into 3a and 3b depending on the presence or absence of centrocytes. A total of 231 patients with FL, referred from 1970 to 2001, were identified from our prospectively maintained database. Original diagnostic materials were available for review on 215 patients and these were reclassified according to the WHO grading system. Follicular lymphoma grades 1, 2 and 3 accounted for 92, 68 and 55 patients, respectively. No significant overall survival (OS) differences were observed among FL grades 1-3 (log rank P=0.25) or between grades 3a and 3b (log rank P=0.20). No significant failure-free survival (FFS) differences were observed among FL grades 1-3 (log rank P=0.72) or between grades 3a and 3b (log rank P=0.11). First-line anthracyclines did not influence OS or FFS (log rank P=0.86, P=0.58, respectively) in patients with FL grade 3. There are long-term survivors among patients with FL grade 3 with a continuing risk of relapse. Anthracyclines did not appear to influence survival or disease relapses when given as front-line therapy in our series. The role of anthracyclines should be further evaluated in large randomised studies. © 2003 Cancer Research UK.
KW  - Anthracycline
KW  - Cytological grading
KW  - Follicular lymphoma
KW  - WHO classification
KW  - anthracycline derivative
KW  - antineoplastic agent
KW  - bleomycin
KW  - cyclophosphamide
KW  - dexamethasone
KW  - doxorubicin
KW  - etoposide
KW  - fludarabine
KW  - lomustine
KW  - methotrexate
KW  - mitoxantrone
KW  - prednisolone
KW  - vincristine
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cancer classification
KW  - cancer combination chemotherapy
KW  - cancer grading
KW  - cytology
KW  - data base
KW  - female
KW  - follicular lymphoma
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - outcomes research
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prospective study
KW  - world health organization
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic
KW  - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Databases, Factual
KW  - Disease-Free Survival
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Lymphoma, Follicular
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Neoplasm Staging
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Treatment Outcome
N1  - Cited By :44
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJCAA
C2  - 12838297
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Cunningham, D.; Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, United Kingdom; email: dcunn@icr.ac.uk
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: bleomycin, 11056-06-7; cyclophosphamide, 50-18-0; dexamethasone, 50-02-2; doxorubicin, 23214-92-8, 25316-40-9; etoposide, 33419-42-0; fludarabine, 21679-14-1; lomustine, 13010-47-4; methotrexate, 15475-56-6, 59-05-2, 7413-34-5; mitoxantrone, 65271-80-9, 70476-82-3; prednisolone, 50-24-8; vincristine, 57-22-7; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic
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A predictive model for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (1993) N Engl J Med, 329, pp. 987-994; 
Wendum, D., Sebban, C., Gaulard, P., Coiffier, B., Tilly, H., Cazals, D., Boehn, A., Gisselbrecht, C., Follicular large-cell lymphoma treated with intensive chemotherapy: An analysis of 89 cases included in the LNH87 trial and comparison with the outcome of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (1997) J Clin Oncol, 15, pp. 1654-1663. , Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0042346024&doi=10.1038%2fsj.bjc.6601006&partnerID=40&md5=fb14d3370f88c87217424a161afdcc90
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Analysis of prevalence trends of autism spectrum disorder in Minnesota
T2  - Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
J2  - Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med.
VL  - 157
IS  - 7
SP  - 622
EP  - 627
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1001/archpedi.157.7.622
SN  - 10724710 (ISSN) 
AU  - Gurney, J.G.
AU  - Fritz, M.S.
AU  - Ness, K.K.
AU  - Sievers, P.
AU  - Newschaffer, C.J.
AU  - Shapiro, E.G.
AD  - Div. of Pediat. Epidemiol./Clin. R., Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
AD  - Div. of Pediat. Clin. Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
AD  - Division of Special Education, Minnesota Dept. Children, Fam./Lrng., St Paul, MN, United States
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
AD  - Div. of Pediat. Epidemiol./Clin. R., Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
AB  - Background: Alarming increases in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder have been reported recently in the United States and Europe. Objectives: To quantify and characterize prevalence trends over time in autism spectrum disorder in Minnesota. Methods: We conducted an age-period-birth cohort analysis of special educational disability data from the Minnesota Department of Children, Families & Learning from the 1981-1982 through the 2001-2002 school years. Results: Prevalence rates of autism spectrum disorder rose substantially over time within single-age groups and increased from year to year within birth cohorts. Autism spectrum disorder prevalence among children aged 6 to 11 years increased from 3 per 10000 in 1991-1992 to 52 per 10000 in 2001-2002. All other special educational disability categories also increased during this period, except for mild mental handicap, which decreased slightly from 24 per 10 000 to 23 per 10 000. We found that federal and state administrative changes favoring identification of autism spectrum disorders corresponded in time with the increasing rates. Conclusions: We observed dramatic increases in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder as a primary special educational disability starting in the 1991-1992 school year, and the trends show no sign of abatement. We found no corresponding decrease in any special educational disability category to suggest diagnostic substitution as an explanation for the autism trends in Minnesota. We could not assess changes in actual disease incidence with these data, but federal and state administrative changes in policy and law favoring better identification and reporting of autism are likely contributing factors to the prevalence increases and may imply that autism spectrum disorder has been underdiagnosed in the past.
KW  - age distribution
KW  - article
KW  - autism
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - data analysis
KW  - disability
KW  - education
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - United States
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Autistic Disorder
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Disability Evaluation
KW  - Disabled Children
KW  - Education, Special
KW  - Eligibility Determination
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Minnesota
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Social Security
N1  - Cited By :120
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: APAME
C2  - 12860781
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Gurney, J.G.; Div. of Pediat. Epidemiol./Clin. R., Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; email: gurney@epi.umn.edu
N1  - References: Lord, C., Cook, E.H., Leventhal, B.L., Amaral, D.G., Autism spectrum disorders (2000) Neuron, 28, pp. 355-363; 
Juul-Dam, N., Townsend, J., Courchesne, E., Prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal factors in autism, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified, and the general population (2001) Pediatrics [Serial Online], 107, pp. e63. , http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/107/4/e63; 
DeLong, G.R., Autism: New data suggest a new hypothesis (1999) Neurology, 52, pp. 911-916; 
Accardo, P., Bostwick, H., Zebras in the living room: The changing faces of autism (1999) J Pediatr, 135, pp. 533-535; 
Bonde, E., Comorbidity and subgroups in childhood autism (2000) Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 9, pp. 7-10; 
Fombonne, E., The epidemiology of autism: A review (1999) Psychol Med, 29, pp. 769-786; 
Liu, J., Nyholt, D.R., Magnussen, P., A genomewide screen for autism susceptibility loci (2001) Am J Hum Genet, 69, pp. 327-340; 
Lauritsen, M., Mors, O., Mortensen, P.B., Ewald, H., Infantile autism and associated autosomal chromosome abnormalities: A register-based study and a literature survey (1999) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 40, pp. 335-345; 
Szatmari, P., Jones, M.B., Zwaigenbaum, L., MacLean, J.E., Genetics of autism: Overview and new directions (1998) J Autism Dev Disord, 28, pp. 351-368; 
(2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Fourth Edition, , Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press Inc; 
Mayes, S.D., Calhoun, S.L., Symptoms of autism in young children and correspondence with the DSM (1999) Infants Young Child, 12, pp. 90-97; 
Volkmar, F.R., Klin, A., Siegel, B., Field trial for autistic disorder in DSM-IV (1994) Am J Psychiatry, 151, pp. 1361-1367; 
Filipek, P.A., Accardo, P.J., Baranek, G.T., The screening and diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders (1999) J Autism Dev Disord, 29, pp. 439-484; 
Filipek, P.A., Accardo, P.J., Ashwal, S., Practice parameter: Screening and diagnosis of autism: Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Child Neurology Society (2000) Neurology, 55, pp. 468-479; 
Baird, G., Charman, T., Baron-Cohen, S., A screening instrument for autism at 18 months of age: A 6-year follow-up study (2000) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 39, pp. 694-702; 
Mahoney, W.J., Szatmari, P., MacLean, J.E., Reliability and accuracy of differentiating pervasive developmental disorder subtypes (1998) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 37, pp. 278-285; 
Gresham, F.M., MacMillan, D.L., Early intervention project: Can its claims be substantiated and its effects replicated? (1998) J Autism Dev Disord, 28, pp. 5-13; 
Gill, A.R., Interventions for autism (2001) JAMA, 286, pp. 670-671; 
Koegel, R.L., Koegel, L.K., McNerney, E.K., Pivotal areas in intervention for autism (2001) J Clin Child Psychol, 30, pp. 19-32; 
Jacobson, J.W., Mulick, J.A., System and cost research issues in treatments for people with autistic disorders (2000) J Autism Dev Disord, 30, pp. 585-593; 
Yeargin-Allsopp, M., Rice, C., Karapurkat, T., Doernberg, N., Boyle, N., Murphy, C., Prevalence of autism in a US metropolitan area (2003) JAMA, 289, pp. 49-55; 
Nash, M., The secrets of autism (2002) Time, , http://www.time.com/printout/0,8816,234018,00.html, April 29; 
(2002) Autism Epidemic: Is the NIH and CDC Response Adequate? Hearings Before the Committee on Government Reform, United States House of Representatives, , 107th Cong, 1st Sess (April 18); 
(2002) CDC Activities Related to Autism: Hearings Before the Committee on Government Reform, United States House of Representatives, , 107th Cong, 1st Sess (April 18); 
Hearings Before the Committee on Government Reform, United States House of Representatives, , 107th Cong, 1st Sess (April 18) (testimony of L. Grossman, PhD); 
Halfon, N., Newacheck, P.W., Prevalence and impact of parent-reported disabling mental health conditions among US children (1999) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 38, pp. 600-609; 
Gillberg, C., Steffenburg, S., Schaumann, H., Is autism more common now than ten years ago? (1991) Br J Psychiatry, 158, pp. 403-409; 
Hillman, R.E., Kanafani, N., Takahashi, T.N., Miles, J.H., Prevalence of autism in Missouri: Changing trends and the effect of a comprehensive state autism project (2000) Mo Med, 97, pp. 159-163; 
(1999) Changes in the Population of Persons With Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders in California's Developmental Services System: 1987 through 1998: A Report to the Legislature, , Sacramento: California Dept of Developmental Services; March; 
Yazbak, F.E., Autism 99: A National Emergency, , http://www.garynull.com/Documents/autism_99.htm; 
Fombonne, E., Is there an epidemic of autism? (2001) Pediatrics, 107, pp. 411-412; 
Croen, L.A., Grether, J.K., Selvin, S., Descriptive epidemiology of autism in a California population: Who is at risk? (2002) J Autism Dev Disord, 32, pp. 217-224; 
Fombonne, E., The prevalence of autism (2003) JAMA, 289, pp. 87-89; 
Measles, MMR, and autism: The confusion continues (2000) Lancet, 355, p. 1379; 
Wakefield, A., Montgomery, S., Measles, mumps, rubella vaccine: Through a glass, darkly (2000) Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev, 19, pp. 265-283; 
Taylor, B., Miller, E., Farrington, C.P., Autism and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine: No epidemiological evidence for a causal association (1999) Lancet, 353, pp. 2026-2029; 
Morris, D.L., Montgomery, S.M., Thompson, N.P., Ebrahim, S., Pounder, R.E., Wakefield, A.J., Measles vaccination and inflammatory bowel disease: A national British Cohort Study (2000) Am J Gastroenterol, 95, pp. 3507-3512; 
Madsen, K.M., Hviid, A., Vestergaard, M., A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism (2002) N Engl J Med, 347, pp. 1477-1482; 
Peltola, H., Patja, A., Leinikki, P., No evidence for measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine-associated inflammatory bowel disease or autism in a 14-year prospective study (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 1327-1328; 
Dales, L., Hammer, S.J., Smith, N.J., Time trends in autism and in MMR immunization coverage in California (2001) JAMA, 285, pp. 1183-1185; 
Gillberg, C., Heijbel, H., MMR autism: Commentaries (1998) Autism, 2, pp. 423-424; 
Farrington, C.P., Miller, E., Taylor, B., MMR autism: Further evidence against a causal association (2001) Vaccine, 19, pp. 3632-3635; 
Kaye, J.A., Del Mar Melero-Montes, M., Jick, H., Mumps, measles, and rubella vaccine and the incidence of autism recorded by general practitioners: A time trend analysis (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 460-463; 
Marwick, C., US report finds no link between MMR and autism (2001) BMJ, 322, p. 1083; 
Vastag, B., Congressional autism hearings continue: No evidence MMR vaccine causes disorder (2001) JAMA, 285, pp. 2567-2569; 
Makela, A., Nuorti, J.P., Peltola, H., Neurologic disorders after measles-mumps-rubella vaccination (2002) Pediatrics, 110, pp. 957-963; 
Ramsay, S., UK starts campaign to reassure parents about MMR-vaccine safety (2001) Lancet, 357, p. 290; 
Lee, J.W., Melgaard, B., Clements, C.J., Kane, M., Mulholland, E.K., Olive, J.M., Autism, inflammatory bowel disease, and MMR vaccine (1998) Lancet, 351, p. 905; 
Black, D., Prempeh, H., Baxter, T., Autism, inflammatory bowel disease, and MMR vaccine (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 905-906; 
Edwards, K.M., State mandates and childhood immunization (2000) JAMA, 284, pp. 3171-3173; 
Feikin, D.R., Lezotte, D.C., Hamman, R.F., Individual and community risks of measles and pertussis associated with personal exemptions to immunization (2000) JAMA, 284, pp. 3145-3150; 
Halsey, N.A., Hyman, S.L., Measles-mumps-rubella vaccine and autistic spectrum disorder: Report from the New Challenges in Childhood Immunizations Conference convened in Oak Brook, Illinois, June 12-13, 2000 (2001) Pediatrics [Serial Online], 107, pp. e84. , http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/107/5/e84; 
Patel, R., Kinsinger, L., Childhood immunizations: American College of Preventive Medicine Practice Policy (1997) Am J Prev Med, 13, pp. 74-77; 
Boyle, C.A., Bertrand, J., Yeargin-Allsopp, M., Surveillance of autism (1999) Infant Young Child, 12, pp. 75-78; 
Gillberg, C., Wing, L., Autism: Not an extremely rare disorder (1999) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 99, pp. 399-406; 
Baird, G., Charman, T., Cox, A., Current topic: Screening and surveillance for autism and pervasive developmental disorders (2001) Arch Dis Child, 84, pp. 468-475; 
(1999) Assistance to States for the Education of Children with Disabilities, , codified at 34 CFR §300,34047-34100; 
(1999) Twenty-first Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, , Washington, DC: Office of Special Education Projects, US Dept of Education; 
(2000) Twenty-second Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act, , Washington, DC: Office of Special Education Projects, US Dept of Education; 
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London, E.A., The environment as an etiologic factor in autism: A new direction for research (2000) Environ Health Perspect, 108 (SUPPL. 3), pp. 401-404; 
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(2000) Promising Practices for the Identification of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Minnesota Autism Project, , http://cfl.state.mn.us/SPECED/Guidelines/autism.pdf, November
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037820401&doi=10.1001%2farchpedi.157.7.622&partnerID=40&md5=16ccd99d9695b033f24a76b3bc243623
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Eczematous Skin Disease and Recall of Past Diagnoses: Implications for Smallpox Vaccination
T2  - Annals of Internal Medicine
J2  - Ann. Intern. Med.
VL  - 139
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 7+I32
PY  - 2003
SN  - 00034819 (ISSN) 
AU  - Naleway, A.L.
AU  - Belongia, E.A.
AU  - Greenlee, R.T.
AU  - Kieke Jr., B.A.
AU  - Chen, R.T.
AU  - Shay, D.K.
AD  - Epidemiology Research Center, Marshfield Clin. Research Foundation, Mailstop ML2, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI 54449, United States
AB  - Background: Persons with atopic dermatitis or eczema, regardless of disease severity or activity, may develop eczema vaccination if they or their close contacts receive the smallpox vaccine. According to current recommendations, a preexposure vaccination program should identify these persons and exclude them from participating. Objective: To determine the prevalence of diagnosed atopic dermatitis and eczema in a defined population and assess the sensitivity of screening questions to identify patients who have received these diagnoses. Design: Population-based prevalence survey and telephone interview. Setting: 14 ZIP code regions in Wisconsin. Patients: Persons given a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis or eczema in 2000 and 2001 were identified from a population-based cohort. Persons with a history of atopic dermatitis diagnosed since 1979 were eligible for the telephone survey. Measurements: Prevalence of diagnosed atopic dermatitis or eczema; proportions of respondents able to recall a past diagnosis of atopic dermatitis, eczema, or recurrent rash. Results: The prevalence of atopic dermatitis or eczema diagnosis in 2000 or 2001 was 0.8%. At least 2.4% of the cohort would be ineligible for smallpox vaccination because of active skin disease in themselves or household members. Among 94 adult respondents with atopic dermatitis, 55 (59%) correctly self-reported skin disease. Seventy-nine (60%) of 133 household contacts of adults with atopic dermatitis correctly reported the presence of skin disease in a household member. Parental recall of skin disease in children with atopic dermatitis was 70% (123 of 177). Conclusions: Identifying dermatologic contraindications to smallpox vaccination by relying only on a self-reported history of rash illnesses is likely to miss a substantial proportion of individuals who should not receive smallpox vaccine in a preexposure vaccination campaign.
KW  - smallpox vaccine
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - atopic dermatitis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - disease activity
KW  - disease severity
KW  - drug contraindication
KW  - eczema
KW  - eczema vaccinatum
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - newborn
KW  - patient selection
KW  - population research
KW  - priority journal
KW  - rash
KW  - screening
KW  - smallpox
KW  - vaccination
KW  - vaccination reaction
KW  - atopic dermatitis
KW  - child
KW  - drug contraindication
KW  - eczema
KW  - herpes simplex
KW  - interview
KW  - methodology
KW  - middle aged
KW  - preschool child
KW  - prevalence
KW  - recall
KW  - risk factor
KW  - telephone
KW  - United States
KW  - vaccination
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Dermatitis, Atopic
KW  - Eczema
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Kaposi Varicelliform Eruption
KW  - Mental Recall
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smallpox Vaccine
KW  - Telephone
KW  - Vaccination
KW  - Wisconsin
N1  - Cited By :28
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AIMEA
C2  - 12834312
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Belongia, E.A.; Epidemiology Research Center, Marshfield Clin. Research Foundation, Mailstop ML2, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI 54449, United States; email: belongia.edward@mcrf.mfldclin.edu
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Smallpox Vaccine
N1  - References: Bicknell, W.J., The case for voluntary smallpox vaccination (2002) N Engl J Med, 346, pp. 1323-1325. , PMID: 11923492; 
Bicknell, W.J., Smallpox and smallpox vaccination (2002) N Engl J Med, 347, pp. 691-692; 
Lane, J.M., Smallpox and smallpox vaccination (2002) N Engl J Med, 347, pp. 691-692. , PMID: 12200562; 
Henderson, D.A., Inglesby, T.V., Bartlett, J.G., Ascher, M.S., Eitzen, E., Jahrling, P.B., Smallpox as a biological weapon: Medical and public health management (1999) JAMA, 281, pp. 2127-2137. , Working Group on Civilian Biodefense. [PMID: 10367824]; 
Recommendations for using smallpox vaccine in a pre-event vaccination program: Supplemental recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) (2003) MMWR Dispatch, 52, pp. 1-16. , www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/m2d226.htm; 
Update: Adverse events following smallpox vaccination - United States, 2003 (2003) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 52, pp. 278-282; 
Breman, J.G., Henderson, D.A., Diagnosis and management of smallpox (2002) N Engl J Med, 346, pp. 1300-1308. , PMID: 11923491; 
Lane, J.M., Ruben, F.L., Neff, J.M., Millar, J.D., Complications of smallpox vaccination, 1968: Results of ten statewide surveys (1970) J Infect Dis, 122, pp. 303-309. , PMID: 4396189; 
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Kemper, A.R., Davis, M.M., Freed, G.L., Expected adverse events in a mass smallpox vaccination campaign (2002) Eff Clin Pract, 5, pp. 84-90. , PMID: 11990216; 
Greenberg, M., Complications of vaccination against smallpox (1948) Am J Dis Child, 76, pp. 492-502; 
Copeman, P.W., Wallace, H.J., Eczema vaccinatum (1964) Br J Med, 2, pp. 906-908; 
Waddington, E., Bray, P.T., Evans, A.D., Richards, I.D., Cutaneous complications of mass vaccination against smallpox in South Wales 1962 (1964) Annual Report and Transactions of the London Dermatologic Society, 50, pp. 22-41; 
Goldstein, J.A., Neff, J.M., Lane, J.M., Koplan, J.P., Smallpox vaccination reactions, prophylaxis, and therapy of complications (1975) Pediatrics, 55, pp. 342-347. , PMID: 238178; 
Lane, J.M., Ruben, F.L., Neff, J.M., Millar, J.D., Complications of smallpox vaccination, 1968 (1969) N Engl J Med, 281, pp. 1201-1208. , PMID: 4186802; 
Neff, J.M., Lane, J.M., Fulginiti, V.A., Henderson, D.A., Contact vaccinia - Transmission of vaccinia from smallpox vaccination (2002) JAMA, 288, pp. 1901-1905. , PMID: 12377090; 
Hanifin, J.M., Rajka, G., Diagnostic features of atopic dermatitis (1980) Acta Dermatovener, 92, pp. 44-47; 
Laughter, D., Istvan, J.A., Tofte, S.J., Hanifin, J.M., The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Oregon schoolchildren (2000) J Am Acad Dermatol, 43, pp. 649-655. , PMID: 11004621; 
Eczema/Atopic Dermatitis, , www.aad.org/pamphlets/eczema.html; 
Neame, R.L., Berth-Jones, J., Kurinczuk, J.J., Graham-Brown, R.A., Prevalence of atopic dermatitis in Leicester: A study of methodology and examination of possible ethnic variation (1995) Br J Dermatol, 132, pp. 772-777. , PMID: 7772484; 
Williams, H., Disease definition and measures of disease frequency (2001) J Am Acad Dermatol, 45, pp. S33-S36. , PMID: 11423870; 
Schultz Larsen, F., Diepgen, T., Svensson, A., The occurrence of atopic dermatitis in north Europe: An international questionnaire study (1996) J Am Acad Dermatol, 34, pp. 760-764. , PMID: 8632070; 
Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinocon-junctivitis, and atopic eczema: ISAAC, the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Steering Committee (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 1225-1232. , PMID: 9643741; 
Herd, R.M., Tidman, M.J., Prescott, R.J., Hunter, J.A., Prevalence of atopic eczema in the community: The Lothian Atopic Dermatitis study (1996) Br J Detmatol, 135, pp. 18-19. , PMID: 8776352; 
Ellis, C.N., Drake, L.A., Prendergast, M.M., Abramovits, W., Boguniewicz, M., Daniel, C.R., Cost of atopic dermatitis and eczema in the United States (2002) J Am Acad Dermatol, 46, pp. 361-370. , PMID: 11862170; 
Kay, J., Gawkrodger, D.J., Mortimer, M.J., Jaron, A.G., The prevalence of childhood atopic eczema in a general population (1994) J Am Acad Dermatol, 30, pp. 35-39. , PMID: 8277028; 
McNally, N.J., Williams, H.C., Phillips, D.R., Strachan, D.P., Is there a geographic variation in eczema prevalence in the UK? Evidence from the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study (2000) Br J Dermatol, 142, pp. 712-720. , PMID: 10792221; 
DeStefano, F., Eaker, E.D., Broste, S.K., Nordstrom, D.L., Peissig, P.L., Vierkant, R.A., Epidemiologic research in an integrated regional medical care system: The Marshfield Epidemiologic Study Area (1996) J Clin Epidemiol, 49, pp. 643-652. , PMID: 8656225; 
Williams, H.C., Burney, P.G., Hay, R.J., Archer, C.B., Shipley, M.J., Hunter, J.J., The U.K. Working Party's Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis. I. Derivation of a minimum set of discriminators for atopic dermatitis (1994) Br J Dermatol, 131, pp. 383-396. , PMID: 7918015; 
Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1987) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Volume II. The Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies, 2. , Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 
Hastie, T.J., Tibshirani, R.J., (1990) Generalized Additive Models, , New York: Chapman & Hall; 
Smallpox Vaccination Report. Status and Adverse Events, , www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/smpxrprt.htm; 
Smallpox Safety Summary, , www.smallpox.army.mil/media/pages/SPSafetySum.asp
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-1642576126&partnerID=40&md5=f9f6a655ab6aa027c9400649b0a54238
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Maternal smoking during pregnancy and appetite control in offspring
T2  - Journal of Perinatal Medicine
J2  - J. Perinat. Med.
VL  - 31
IS  - 3
SP  - 251
EP  - 256
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1515/JPM.2003.034
SN  - 03005577 (ISSN) 
AU  - Toschke, A.M.
AU  - Ehlin, A.G.C.
AU  - Von Kries, R.
AU  - Ekbom, A.
AU  - Montgomery, S.M.
AD  - Division of Pediatric Epidemiology, Inst. Social. Pediat./Adol. Med., Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
AD  - Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Inst. for Social. Pediat./Adol. Med., Epidemiology Unit, Heiglhofstrasse 63, D-81377 Munich, Germany
AB  - Aims: Intrauterine exposure to tobacco smoke products has been associated with long-term neurobehavioral effects. Modified appetite control might explain the recently observed association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and obesity in offspring. Methods: Some 10,557 British adults aged 42 years born between 3-9 March 1958 were followed up in a birth cohort study (NCDS). The main outcome measure was self-reported poor appetite at age 42 years and main exposure was maternal smoking during pregnancy. Results: The proportion of offspring with poor appetite increased with maternal smoking during pregnancy: non-smoking 4.5%; (4.0%-5.0%), medium smoking 5.6%; (4.5%-6.8%), variable smoking 6.8%; (4.9%-9.1%) and heavy smoking 7.7%; (6.3%-9.4%). The unadjusted odds ratios for maternal smoking during pregnancy (ever/never) and poor appetite is 1.49 (1.25-1.77) and after adjustment for BMI at 42 years and other potential confounding factors it is 1.22 (1.01-1.48). Conclusions: Offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy were more likely to report a poor appetite independent of a number of potential confounding factors. Although not in the expected direction, the results suggest maternal smoking during pregnancy may influence appetite perception through a developmental influence or through confounding by social factors.
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Logistic models
KW  - Perinatal risks
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Primary prevention
KW  - Smoking
KW  - tobacco smoke
KW  - adult
KW  - appetite
KW  - article
KW  - cognition
KW  - exposure
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - obesity
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - priority journal
KW  - progeny
KW  - smoking
KW  - social aspect
KW  - Adult
KW  - Appetite
KW  - Appetite Regulation
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Depression
KW  - Dyspepsia
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smoking
N1  - Cited By :41
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JPEMA
C2  - 12825482
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Toschke, A.M.; Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Inst. for Social. Pediat./Adol. Med., Epidemiology Unit, Heiglhofstrasse 63, D-81377 Munich, Germany; email: michael@toschke.de
N1  - References: Bundred, P., Kitchiner, D., Buchan, I., Prevalence of overweight and obese children between 1989 and 1998: Population based series of cross sectional studies (2001) BMJ, 322, p. 326; 
Dietz, W.H., Childhood weight affects adult morbidity and mortality (1998) J Nutr, 128, pp. 411S; 
Ekinysmith, C., Bynner, J.M., Montgomery, S.M., Shepherd, P., (1992) An Integrated Approach to the Design and Analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS, , University of London, London, (Studies CfL, ed.); 
Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33. The Fifth Follow Up of the National Child Development Study, , National Children's Bureau, London; 
Grant, G., Nolan, M., Ellis, N., A reappraisal of the Malaise Inventory (1990) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 25, p. 170; 
Hales, C.N., Barker, D.J., Type 2 [non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: The thrifty phenotype hypothesis (1992) Diabetologia, 35, p. 595; 
Jorenby, D.E., Hatsukami, D.K., Smith, S.S., Fiore, M.C., Allen, S., Jensen, J., Baker, T.B., Characterization of tobacco withdrawal symptoms: Transdermal nicotine reduces hunger and weight gain (1996) Psychopharmacology (Berl), 128, p. 130; 
Kandel, D.B., Wu, P., Davies, M., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and smoking by adolescent daughters (1994) Am J Public Health, 84, p. 1407; 
Levin, E.D., Wilkerson, A., Jones, J.P., Christopher, N.C., Briggs, S.J., Prenatal nicotine effects on memory in rats: Pharmacological and behavioral challenges (1996) Brain Res Dev Brain Res, 97, p. 207; 
Montgomery, S.M., Ekbom, A., Smoking during pregnancy and diabetes mellitus in a British longitudinal birth cohort (2002) BMJ, 324, p. 26; 
Montgomery, S.M., Cook, D.G., Bartley, M.J., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Unemployment predates symptoms of depression and anxiety resulting in medical consultation in young men (1999) Int J Epidemiol, 28, p. 95; 
Ogden, C.L., Troiano, R.P., Briefel, R.R., Kuczmarski, R.J., Flegal, K.M., Johnson, C.L., Prevalence of overweight among preschool children in the United States, 1971 through 1994 (1997) Pediatrics, 99, pp. E1; 
Peters, M.A., Ngan, L.L., The effects of totigestational exposure to nicotine on pre- and postnatal development in the rat (1982) Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther, 257, p. 155; 
Power, C., Jefferis, B.J., Fetal environment and subsequent obesity: A study of maternal smoking (2002) Int J Epidemiol, 31, p. 413; 
Toschke, A.M., Koletzko, B., Slikker, W.J., Hermann, M., Von Kries, R., Childhood obesity is associated with maternal smoking in pregnancy (2002) Eur J Pediatr, 161, p. 445; 
Vach, W., Missing values; statistical theory and computational Practice (1994) Computational Statistics, p. 345. , Dirschedl P, R Ostermann (eds). Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag; 
Xu, Z., Seidler, F.J., Ali, S.F., Slikker W., Jr., Slotkin, T.A., Fetal and adolescent nicotine administration: Effects on CNS serotonergic systems (2001) Brain Res, 914, p. 166; 
Yanai, J., Pick, C.G., Rogel-Fuchs, Y., Zahalka, E.A., Alterations in hippocampal cholinergic receptors and hippocampal behaviors after early exposure to nicotine (1992) Brain Res Bull, 29, p. 363
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038745372&doi=10.1515%2fJPM.2003.034&partnerID=40&md5=e32de25ee2b0168c41aed5a9298147c4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Women's health in midlife: Findings from a British birth cohort study
T2  - Journal of the British Menopause Society
J2  - J. Br. Menopause Soc.
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
SP  - 55
EP  - 60
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1258/136218003100322206
SN  - 13621807 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kuh, D.
AU  - Hardy, R.
AD  - MRC Nat. Survey of Hlth. and Devmt., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Publ. Health, Royal Free and University College, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
AB  - The Medical Research Council's National Survey of Health and Development (MRCNSHD) is a prospective cohort study of 2547 women and 2815 men, a sample of all the births that took place in England, Scotland and Wales between 3-9 March 1946. It is one of the longest running large-scale studies of human development in the world, aiming to identify lifetime biological, social and psychological pathways to health and disease, from early life to ageing. A special study of women's health in midlife and the menopausal transition in this cohort was undertaken by sending to women study members eight annual postal questionnaires from when they were 47 to when they were 54 years old. The findings from the women's health study so far have highlighted associations between multiple risk factors at each life stage, and women's health and disease in later life. The authors suggest that a life course approach may provide a better understanding of women's health during the middle years of life than an approach which restricts itself to contemporary social or hormonal experiences. Of particular interest are their results linking ovarian ageing to developmental factors. Replication of these findings in other life course cohorts is being sought.
KW  - Ageing
KW  - Cohort
KW  - Menopause
KW  - Midlife
KW  - Population
KW  - hormone
KW  - adulthood
KW  - age
KW  - aging
KW  - body size
KW  - breast disease
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - female
KW  - hormone substitution
KW  - human
KW  - hysterectomy
KW  - lifestyle
KW  - menopausal syndrome
KW  - menopause
KW  - nutrition
KW  - ovary
KW  - postal mail
KW  - public health
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - review
KW  - risk factor
KW  - symptomatology
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Aging
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Health Surveys
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Menopause
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Prospective Studies
N1  - Cited By :34
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JBMSF
C2  - 12844426
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kuh, D.; MRC Nat. Survey of Hlth. and Devmt., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Publ. Health, Royal Free and University College, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time: Childhood, History and Adult Life, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., Kuh, D.J.L., Childhood influences on adult health: A review of recent work in the British 1946 national birth cohort study, the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (1997) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 11, pp. 2-20; 
Ness, R., Kuller, L., (1998) Women in Health and Disease, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Goldman, M., Hatch, M., (2000) Women and Health, , New York: Academic Press; 
Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life, , Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 
Kuh, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology: Tracing the Origins of Ill-Health From Early to Adult Life, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Davey Smith, G., Gunnell, D., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Life-course approaches to socio-economic differentials in cause specific adult mortality (2000) Poverty, Inequality and Health: An International Perspective, pp. 88-124. , In Leon D, Walt G, eds; Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Kuh, D., Hardy, R., (2002) A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Treloar, S.A., Do, K.-A., Martin, N.G., Genetic influences on the age at menopause (1998) Lancet, 352, pp. 1084-1085; 
Crawford, S.L., (2000) Epidemiology: Methodologic Challenges in the Study of the Menopause Menopause: Biology and Pathogiology, , Academic Press; 
Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Reproductive characteristics and the age at inception of perimenopause in a British national cohort (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 149, pp. 1-9; 
Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wardsworth, M., Smoking, body mass index, socioeconomic status and the age at menopause transition in a British national cohort (2000) Int J Epidemiol, 29, pp. 845-851; 
Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Menopause and gynnaecological disorders: A life course perspective (2002) A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, , In Kuh D, Hardy R, eds; Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
McKinlay, S., Bifano, N., McKinlay, J., Smoking and age at menopause in women (1985) Inn Intern Med, 103, pp. 350-356; 
Shinberg, D.S., An event history analysis of age at last menstrual period: Correlates of natural and surgical menopause among midlife Wisconsin women (1998) Soc Sci Med, 46, pp. 1381-1396; 
Cresswell, J.L., Egger, P., Fall, C.H.D., Is the age of menopause determined in-utero? (1997) Early Hum Dev, 49, pp. 143-148; 
Treloar, S.A., Sadrzadeh, S., Do, K.-A., Birth weight and age at menopause in Australian female twin pairs: Exploration of the fetal origin hypothesis (2000) Hum Reprod, 15, pp. 55-59; 
De Bruin, J.P., Nikkels, P.G.J., Bruinse, H.W., Morphometry of human ovaries in normal and growth-restricted fetuses (2001) Early Hum Dev, 60, pp. 179-192; 
De Bruin, J.P., Dorland, M., Bruinse, H.W., Fetal growth retardation as a cause of impaired ovarian development (1998) Early Hum Dev, 51, pp. 39-46; 
Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Does early growth influence timing of the menopause (2002) Hum Reprod, 17, pp. 2474-2479; 
Richards, M., Kuh, D.L., Hardy, R., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Lifetime cognitive function and timing of natural menopause (1999) Neurology, 53, pp. 308-314; 
Kuh, D., Stirling, S., Socioeconomic variation in admisstion for diseases of female genital system and breast in a national cohort aged 15-43 (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 840-843; 
Marshall, S.F., Hardy, R.J., Kuh, D., Socioeconomic variations in hysterectomy in a national birth cohort up to age 52 (2000) BMJ, 320, p. 1579; 
Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Wadsworth, M., Social and behavioural influences on the uptake of hormone replacement therapy among younger women (2000) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 107, pp. 731-739; 
Kuh, D.L., Wadsworth, M., Hardy, R., Women's health in midlife: The influence of the menopause, social factors and health in earlier life (1997) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 104, pp. 923-933; 
Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Changes in psychological and vasomotor symptom reporting during the menopuase (2002) Soc Sci Med, 55, pp. 1975-1988; 
Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Rodgers, B., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Lifetime risk factors for women's psychological distress in midlife (2002) Soc Sci Med, 55, pp. 1957-1973; 
Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women. Principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial (2002) JAMA, 288, pp. 321-333; 
Rodgers, B., Pathways between parental divorce and adult depression (1994) J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 35, pp. 1289-1308; 
Frohlich, K., Kuh, D., Hardy, R., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Menstrual characteristics during the inception of perimenopause: What are the predictors and what do they predict? (2000) J Women's Health Gender-Based Med, 9, pp. 35-42; 
Kuh, D., Cardozo, L., Hardy, R., The pattern and predictors of incontinence in women during middle life (1999) J Epidemiol Community Health, 53, pp. 453-458; 
Ballard, K.D., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E.J., The role of the menopause in women's experiences of the 'change of life' (2002) Sociol Health Illness, 23, pp. 397-424; 
McLaren, L., Kuh, D., Body dissatisfaction in midlife Women Aging, , (in press); 
McLaren, L., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Women's body dissatisfaction at midlife and lifetime body size: A prospective study Health Psychol, , (in press); 
McLaren, L., Hardy, R., Gauvin, L., Kuh, D., Positive and negative body-related comments and their relationship with body dissatisfaction in middle-aged women Psychol Health, , (in press); 
De Stavola, B.L., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Birthweight, childhood growth and risk of breast cancer in a British birth cohort (2000) Br J Cancer, 7, pp. 964-968; 
Trichopoulos, D., Hypothesis: Does breast cancer originate in utero? (1990) Lancet, 335, pp. 939-940; 
Dos Santos Silva, I., De Stavola, B., Breast cancer aetiology: Where do we go from here? (2002) A Life Course Approach to Women's Health, pp. 44-63. , In Kuh D, Hardy R, eds; Oxford: Oxford University Press
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037830001&doi=10.1258%2f136218003100322206&partnerID=40&md5=39bb433c7f3cf8bac87db2799119c84f
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Increasing incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Canada, 1970-1996: Age-period-cohort analysis
T2  - Hematological Oncology
J2  - Hematol. Oncol.
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
SP  - 57
EP  - 66
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1002/hon.703
SN  - 02780232 (ISSN) 
AU  - Liui, S.
AU  - Semenciw, R.
AU  - Mao, Y.
AD  - McLaughlin Ctr. Pop. Hlth. Risk A., Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
AD  - Risk Assessment Division, Ctr. for Chron. Dis. Prev./Control, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
AD  - Risk Assessment Division, LCDC Building #6, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ont. K1A 0L2, Canada
AB  - Previous studies have shown that the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has increased in many parts of the world in recent decades. Using data obtained from the Canadian Cancer Registry, the present study examined time trends in NHL incidence in Canada between 1970 and 1996 and the effects of age, period of diagnosis and birth cohort on incidence patterns for each sex separately. Results showed that overall age-adjusted incidence rates increased substantially, from 7.3 and 5.2 per 100 000 in 1970-1971 to 14.0 and 10.0 per 100 000 in 1995-1996 in males and females, respectively. Diffuse lymphoma was the major histological subtype, accounting for approximately 76% of NHL cases over the 27-year period. The data suggest that period effects have played a major role, although birth cohort effects may also have been involved. Sex-specific patterns of the incidence were similar over the time period of diagnosis but were distinct among recent birth cohorts. In conclusion, there is in fact a marked increase in NHL in Canada which cannot be explained in terms of improvements in diagnosis, changes in NHL classification and the increase in AIDS-associated NHL alone. The birth cohort effect in NHL suggests that changes in risk factors may have contributed to the observed increase. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
KW  - Cancer incidence
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
KW  - Time trends
KW  - acquired immune deficiency syndrome
KW  - age
KW  - Canada
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - disease association
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - nonhodgkin lymphoma
KW  - priority journal
KW  - review
KW  - sex difference
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Canada
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Effect
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Registries
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :40
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: HAOND
C2  - 12802810
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Mao, Y.; Risk Assessment Division, LCDC Building #6, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ont. K1A 0L2, Canada; email: yang_mao@hc-sc.gc.ca
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Woods, J.S., Polissar, L., Severson, R.K., Heuser, L.S., Kalander, B.G., Soft tissue sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in relation to phenoxyherbicide and chlorinated phenol exposure in western Washington (1987) J Natl Cancer Inst, 78, pp. 899-910; 
Hartge, P., Devesa, S.S., Grauman, D., Fears, T.R., Fraumeni, J.F., Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and sunlight (1996) J Natl Cancer Inst, 88, pp. 298-300; 
Franceschi, S., Serraino, D., Carbone, A., Talarnini, R., La Vecchia, C., Dietary factors and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: A case-control study in the Northeastern part of Italy (1989) Nutr Cancer, 12, pp. 333-341; 
Bernstein, L., Ross, R.K., Prior medication use and health history as risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Preliminary results from a case-control study in Los Angeles County (1992) Cancer Res, 52 (SUPPL.), pp. 5510-5515; 
Hartge, P., Devesa, S.S., Quantification of the impact of known risk factors on time trends in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence (1992) Cancer Res, 52 (SUPPL.), pp. 5566-5569
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037838831&doi=10.1002%2fhon.703&partnerID=40&md5=2adf2cff51b128885843f23fd01ba92c
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Malnutrition at age 3 years and lower cognitive ability at age 11 years independence from psychosocial adversity
T2  - Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
J2  - Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med.
VL  - 157
IS  - 6
SP  - 593
EP  - 600
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1001/archpedi.157.6.593
SN  - 10724710 (ISSN) 
AU  - Liu, J.
AU  - Raine, A.
AU  - Venables, P.H.
AU  - Dalais, C.
AU  - Mednick, S.A.
AD  - School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
AD  - Social Science Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1061, United States
AB  - Background: Early malnutrition is linked to poor cognition, but long-term effects have not been extensively examined and psychosocial confounds have not always been controlled. Objective: To test the hypothesis that malnutrition at age 3 years will be associated with poorer cognitive ability at age 11 years independent of psychosocial confounds. Design: A prospective, longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 1559 children originally assessed at age 3 years for malnutrition (low hemoglobin level, angular stomatitis, kwashiorkor, and sparse, thin hair) and followed up to age 11 years. Setting and Participants: A community sample of 1559 children (51.4% boys and 48.6% girls) born between September 1, 1969, and August 31, 1970, in 2 towns in the island of Mauritius, with 68.7% Indians and 25.7% Creoles (African origin). Main Outcome Measures: Verbal and spatial ability measured at ages 3 and 11 years and reading, scholastic ability, and neuropsychologic performance measured at age 11 years. Results: Malnourished children had poorer cognition at both ages. Deficits were stable across time, applied to all sex and ethnic groups, and remained after controlling for multiple measures of psychosocial adversity. Children with 3 indicators of malnutrition had a 15.3-point deficit in IQ at age 11 years. Conclusions: Malnutrition at age 3 years is associated with poor cognition at age 11 years independent of psychosocial adversity. Promoting early childhood nutrition could enhance long-term cognitive development and school performance, especially in children with multiple nutritional deficits.
KW  - hemoglobin
KW  - academic achievement
KW  - Africa
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - cognitive defect
KW  - cognitive development
KW  - disease association
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - intelligence quotient
KW  - kwashiorkor
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - male
KW  - malnutrition
KW  - Mauritius
KW  - nutritional deficiency
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prospective study
KW  - social psychology
KW  - stomatitis
KW  - verbal behavior
KW  - Anemia
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)
KW  - Female
KW  - Hair Diseases
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intelligence Tests
KW  - Kwashiorkor
KW  - Male
KW  - Multivariate Analysis
KW  - Neuropsychological Tests
KW  - Nutrition Disorders
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Stomatitis
N1  - Cited By :74
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: APAME
C2  - 12796242
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Raine, A.; Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1061, United States; email: raince@usc.edu
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: hemoglobin, 9008-02-0
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Subotzky, E.F., Heese, H.D., Sive, A.A., Dempster, W.S., Sacks, R., Malan, H., Plasma zinc, copper, selenium, ferritin and whole blood manganese concentrations in children with kwashiorkor in the acute stage and during refeeding (1992) Ann Trop Paediatr, 12, pp. 13-22; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cumulative risk and population attributable fraction in prevention
T2  - Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology
J2  - J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol.
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
SP  - 228
EP  - 235
PY  - 2003
SN  - 15374416 (ISSN) 
AU  - Davis, C.H.
AU  - MacKinnon, D.P.
AU  - Schultz, A.
AU  - Sandler, I.
AD  - Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85283, United States
AB  - Compares the use of relative risk versus population attributable fraction in determining the target population for multirisk prevention programs in psychology. Results show that relative risk generally increases as a function of cumulative risk. Guided by this measure, prevention programs should target populations with the largest cumulative risk. However, relative risk does not account for the prevalence of a particular level of cumulative risk in the population. Therefore, because the largest cumulative risk is experienced by only a small portion of the population, prevention programs guided by this measure will not always have the greatest public health benefit to reduce the incidence of problem outcomes in the population. On the other hand, the population attributable fraction, which does take into account the prevalence of a particular level of cumulative risk, does not increase appreciably after a cumulative risk of one, two, or three because the majority of people in the population will experience these levels of cumulative risk. Guided by this measure, prevention programs that target the higher proportion of people who have a more moderate level of risk would have the maximum impact on the population. National data sets from Great Britain (the British Births Cohort Study [BCS]) and the United States (National Longitudinal Study of Youth [NLSY]) are used to explore this pattern of effects.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - article
KW  - behavior disorder
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - comparative study
KW  - cross-sectional study
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - evaluation
KW  - human
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - outcome assessment
KW  - program development
KW  - risk
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - statistics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Behavior Disorders
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Data Interpretation, Statistical
KW  - Epidemiologic Research Design
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
KW  - Program Development
KW  - Risk
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :20
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 12679280
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Davis, C.H.; Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85283, United States; email: caroline.davis@asu.edu
N1  - Funding details: ASU, Arizona State University
N1  - Funding details: P30 MH39246–16, NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health
N1  - Funding details: BCS, British Cardiovascular Society
N1  - Funding details: Home Office
N1  - Funding details: LankellyChase Foundation
N1  - Funding details: JRCT, Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust
N1  - Funding details: NICHD, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
N1  - Funding details: MRC, Medical Research CouncilN1  - Funding text: This research was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health Grant P30 MH39246–16 to Irwin Sandler to fund a Preventive Intervention Research Center at Arizona State University.
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037508828&partnerID=40&md5=3114e65dd3d22fe395561b95820124b7
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Authoritarian parenting attitudes as a risk for conduct problems: Results from a british national cohort study
T2  - European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
J2  - Eur. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
SP  - 84
EP  - 91
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1007/s00787-003-0324-4
SN  - 10188827 (ISSN) 
AU  - Thompson, A.
AU  - Hollis, C.
AU  - Richards, D.
AD  - Child/Adol. Mental Health Service, Lincoln Partnership, NHS Trust, 10/11 Lindum Terrace, Lincoln, LN2 5RS, United Kingdom
AD  - Section of Developmental Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2 UH, United Kingdom
AD  - Division of Child Health, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2 UH, United Kingdom
AB  - This study examines the associations, and possible causal relationship, between mothers' authoritarian attitudes to discipline and child behaviour using cross-sectional and prospective data from a large population sample surveyed in the 1970 British Cohort Study. Results show a clear linear relationship between the degree of maternal approval of authoritarian child-rearing attitudes and the rates of conduct problems at age 5 and age 10. This association is independent of the confounding effects of socio-economic status and maternal psychological distress. Maternal authoritarian attitudes independently predicted the development of conduct problems 5 years later at age 10. The results of this longitudinal study suggest that authoritarian parenting attitudes expressed by mothers may be of significance in the development of conduct problems.
KW  - Conduct problems
KW  - Discipline
KW  - Parental attitudes
KW  - article
KW  - authority
KW  - child
KW  - child behavior
KW  - child development
KW  - child psychiatry
KW  - child rearing
KW  - conduct disorder
KW  - controlled study
KW  - disease association
KW  - distress syndrome
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mother child relation
KW  - parental behavior
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - Authoritarianism
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Behavior Disorders
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Mathematical Computing
KW  - Mother-Child Relations
KW  - Parenting
KW  - Personality Inventory
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Psychometrics
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Risk Factors
N1  - Cited By :53
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EAPSE
C2  - 12664272
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Thompson, A.; Child/Adol. Mental Health Service, Lincoln Partnership, NHS Trust, 10/11 Lindum Terrace, Lincoln, LN2 5RS, United Kingdom
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038744516&doi=10.1007%2fs00787-003-0324-4&partnerID=40&md5=e3d7e6129d56406d27b6f10b9b616187
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Relation between number of siblings and adult mortality and stroke risk: 25 Year follow up of men in the collaborative study
T2  - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
J2  - J. Epidemiol. Community Health
VL  - 57
IS  - 5
SP  - 385
EP  - 391
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1136/jech.57.5.385
SN  - 0143005X (ISSN) 
AU  - Hart, C.L.
AU  - Davey Smith, G.
AD  - Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
AB  - Study objective: To investigate the relation between number of siblings, mortality risk, and stroke risk. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: 27 workplaces in Scotland. Participants: 5765 employed men aged 35-64 from a variety of different workplaces, screened between 1970 and 1973. Main results: There were strong relationships between number of siblings and socioeconomic variables and also with adult behavioural measures. Men with greater numbers of siblings had an increased risk of dying of all causes, coronary heart disease, lung cancer, stomach cancer, and respiratory disease over a 25 year follow up period. Adjustment for risk factors could explain these associations, excepting stomach cancer mortality. With the definition of stroke as either a hospital admission for stroke or death from stroke, there was a strong relation between number of siblings and haemorrhagic stroke, but not ischaemic stroke. Conclusions: Number of siblings is strongly related to mortality risk, but as it is also related to many risk factors, adjustment for these can generally explain the relation with mortality. The exceptions are stomach cancer mortality and haemorrhagic stroke, which are known to be related to deprivation in childhood, and, in the case of stomach cancer to childhood infection.
KW  - health risk
KW  - mortality
KW  - sibling
KW  - stroke
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - follow up
KW  - hospital admission
KW  - human
KW  - ischemic heart disease
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - prospective study
KW  - respiratory tract disease
KW  - risk factor
KW  - sibling
KW  - stomach cancer
KW  - stroke
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cerebrovascular Accident
KW  - Coronary Disease
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Lung Neoplasms
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Proportional Hazards Models
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Respiratory Tract Diseases
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Siblings
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Stomach Neoplasms
KW  - United Kingdom
N1  - Cited By :65
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JECHD
C2  - 12700225
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hart, C.L.; Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, United Kingdom; email: c.l.hart@udcf.gla.ac.uk
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037406408&doi=10.1136%2fjech.57.5.385&partnerID=40&md5=be378f95880e71e991968d50e3196098
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Breast cancer, birth cohorts, and Epstein-Barr virus: Methodological issues in exploring the "hygiene hypothesis" in relation to breast cancer, Hodgkin's disease, and stomach cancer
T2  - Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention
J2  - Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
SP  - 405
EP  - 411
PY  - 2003
SN  - 10559965 (ISSN) 
AU  - Krieger, N.
AU  - Strong, E.F.
AU  - Makosky, C.
AU  - Weuve, J.
AD  - Department of Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States
AB  - To address methodological issues in exploring a variant of the "hygiene hypothesis" that posits delayed infection by Epstein-Barr virus contributes to rising rates of breast cancer and Hodgkin's disease, we examined birth cohort trends in the incidence of both cancers plus stomach cancer, building on previously reported year-of-diagnosis cross-sectional associations of age-standardized rates. Using published data from the United States Connecticut state cancer registry (1935-1998) for women for each cancer site, we obtained age-specific incidence rates by birth cohort (1870-1874 to 1970-1974), along with age-standardized incidence rates for selected calendar years (1935-1939, 1940-1944,..., 1990-1994, 1995-1998). Clear secular trends in incidence rates, in the opposite direction, were evident for: (a) breast cancer and for Hodgkin's disease in young adults (increasing), and (b) stomach cancer (decreasing). Correlations between the incidence of breast cancer among women ages 50-54 and Hodgkin's disease among young adults (ages 20-24) were stronger for birth cohort (Pearson correlation, 0.85) than for cross-sectional analyses (Pearson correlation, 0.68). Stronger associations between the incidence of breast cancer and non-Hodgkin's disease were evident for birth cohort compared with cross-sectional analyses, findings consonant with (but not "proof" of) the hygiene hypothesis. One methodological implication is that tests of the hygiene hypothesis must take into account birth cohort effects and age at incidence of the outcomes under study; age-standardized cross-sectional analyses may be misleading.
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cancer registry
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - correlation analysis
KW  - disease association
KW  - Epstein Barr virus
KW  - female
KW  - Hodgkin disease
KW  - human
KW  - hygiene
KW  - hypothesis
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - priority journal
KW  - stomach cancer
KW  - virus infection
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Breast Neoplasms
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Connecticut
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Epidemiologic Methods
KW  - Female
KW  - Hodgkin Disease
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Registries
KW  - Stomach Neoplasms
N1  - Cited By :8
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CEBPE
C2  - 12750234
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Krieger, N.; Department of Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States; email: nkrieger@hsph.harvard.edu
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Parkin, D.M., Whelan, S.L., Ferlay, J., Raymond, L., Young, J., (1997) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, 7. , IARC Sci. Publ. No. 143. Lyon, France: IARC; 
Anderson, R.N., Rosenberg, H.M., Age standardization of death rates: Implementation of the year 2000 standard (1998) National Vital Statistics Reports, 37 (3). , Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 
Rosner, B., (2000) Fundamentals of Biostatistics, Ed. 5, , Pacific Grove, CA: Duxbury; 
Koveginas, M., Pearce, N., Susser, M., Bofetta, P., (1997) Social Inequalities and Cancer, pp. 325-329. , IARC Sci. Publ. No. 138. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 
Junker, A.K., Thomas, E.E., Radcliffe, A., Forsyth, R.B., Davidson, A.G., Rymo, L., Epstein-Barr virus shedding in breast milk (1991) Am. J. Med. Sci., 302, pp. 220-223; 
Melosi, M.V., (2001) The Sanitary City: Urban Infrastructure in American from Colonial Times to the Present, , Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038284718&partnerID=40&md5=b5714da8fab6edb8e5de65ae92bfd613
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - No excess risk of colorectal cancer among alcoholics followed for up to 25 years
T2  - British Journal of Cancer
J2  - Br. J. Cancer
VL  - 88
IS  - 7
SP  - 1044
EP  - 1046
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600846
SN  - 00070920 (ISSN) 
AU  - Ye, W.
AU  - Romelsjö, A.
AU  - Augustsson, K.
AU  - Adami, H.-O.
AU  - Nyrén, O.
AD  - Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Instituter, Box 281, S171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Ctr. Social Res. on Alcohol/Drugs, Stockholm University, Stockholm S106 91, Sweden
AD  - Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S171 76, Sweden
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Harvard Center for Cancer Prevention, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
AB  - We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study among 179 398 Swedish patients hospitalised for alcoholism from 1970 to 1994, and found no excess risk for colorectal cancers, overall or at any anatomical subsite. Our findings challenge the hypothesis that alcohol intake is a risk factor for cancer of the large bowel. © 2003 Cancer Research UK.
KW  - Alcohol
KW  - Alcoholism
KW  - Colorectal cancers
KW  - adult
KW  - alcohol consumption
KW  - alcoholism
KW  - article
KW  - cancer patient
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - carcinogenesis
KW  - colon cancer
KW  - colorectal cancer
KW  - controlled study
KW  - documentation
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - long term care
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - retrospective study
KW  - risk factor
KW  - Adult
KW  - Alcoholism
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Colorectal Neoplasms
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Risk
N1  - Cited By :8
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJCAA
C2  - 12671702
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Ye, W.; Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Instituter, Box 281, S171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; email: Weimin.Ye@mep.ki.se
N1  - References: Adami, H.O., McLaughlin, J.K., Hsing, A.W., Wolk, A., Ekbom, A., Holmberg, L., Persson, I., Alcoholism and cancer risk: A population-based cohort study (1992) Cancer Causes Control, 3, pp. 419-425; 
Bailar, J.C., Ederer, F., Significance factors for the ratio of a Poisson variable to its expectation (1964) Biometrics, 20, pp. 639-643; 
Gerhardsson De Verdier, M., Romelsjo, A., Lundberg, M., Alcohol and cancer of the colon and rectum (1993) Eur J Cancer Prev, 2, pp. 401-408; 
Giovannucci, E., An updated review of the epidemiological evidence that cigarette smoking increases risk of colorectal cancer (2001) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 10, pp. 725-731; 
Giovannucci, E., Ascherio, A., Rimm, E.B., Colditz, G.A., Stampfer, M.J., Willett, W.C., Physical activity, obesity, and risk for colon cancer and adenoma in men (1995) Ann Intern Med, 122, pp. 327-334; 
Giovannucci, E., Rimm, E.B., Ascherio, A., Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, G.A., Willett, W.C., Alcohol, low-methionine-low-folate diets, and risk of colon cancer in men (1995) J Natl Cancer Inst, 87, pp. 265-273; 
Glynn, S.A., Albanes, D., Pietinen, P., Brown, C.C., Rautalahti, M., Tangrea, J.A., Gunter, E.W., Taylor, P.R., Colorectal cancer and folate status: A nested case-control study among male smokers (1996) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 5, pp. 487-494; 
Glynn, S.A., Albanes, D., Pietinen, P., Brown, C.C., Rautalahti, M., Tangrea, J.A., Taylor, P.R., Virtamo, J., Alcohol consumption and risk of colorectal cancer in a cohort of Finnish men (1996) Cancer Causes Control, 7, pp. 214-223; 
Goldbohm, R.A., Van Den Brandt, P.A., Van't Veer, P., Dorant, E., Sturmans, F., Hermus, R.J., Prospective study on alcohol consumption and the risk of cancer of the colon and rectum in the Netherlands (1994) Cancer Causes Control, 5, pp. 95-104; 
Hakulinen, T., Lehtimaki, L., Lehtonen, M., Teppo, L., Cancer morbidity among two male cohorts with increased alcohol consumption in Finland (1974) J Natl Cancer Inst, 52, pp. 1711-1714; 
Hsing, A.W., McLaughlin, J.K., Chow, W.H., Schuman, L.M., Co Chien, H.T., Gridley, G., Bjelke, E., Blot, W.J., Risk factors for colorectal cancer in a prospective study among U.S. white men (1998) Int J Cancer, 77, pp. 549-553; 
Kune, G.A., Vitetta, L., Alcohol consumption and the etiology of colorectal cancer: A review of the scientific evidence from 1957 to 1991 (1992) Nutr Cancer, 18, pp. 97-111; 
Le Marchand, L., Wilkens, L.R., Kolonel, L.N., Hankin, J.H., Lyu, L.C., Associations of sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, alcohol use, and diabetes with the risk of colorectal cancer (1997) Cancer Res, 57, pp. 4787-4794; 
Monson, R.R., Lyon, J.L., Proportional mortality among alcoholics (1975) Cancer, 36, pp. 1077-1079; 
Munoz, S.E., Navarro, A., Lantieri, M.J., Fabro, M.E., Peyrano, M.G., Ferraroni, M., Decarli, A., Eynard, A.R., Alcohol, methylxanthine-containing beverages, and colorectal cancer in Cordoba, Argentina (1998) Eur J Cancer Prev, 7, pp. 207-213; 
Mutzell, S., Tibblin, G., Bergman, H., Heavy alcohol drinking and related symptoms in a population study of urban men (1987) Alcohol Alcohol, 22, pp. 419-426; 
Nagata, C., Shimizu, H., Kametani, M., Takeyama, N., Ohnuma, T., Matsushita, S., Cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and colorectal adenoma in Japanese men and women (1999) Dis Colon Rectum, 42, pp. 337-342; 
Nyren, O., McLaughlin, J.K., Gridley, G., Ekbom, A., Johnell, O., Fraumeni J.F., Jr., Adami, H.O., Cancer risk after hip replacement with metal implants: A population-based cohort study in Sweden (1995) J Natl Cancer Inst, 87, pp. 28-33; 
Potter, J.D., Nutrition and colorectal cancer (1996) Cancer Causes Control, 7, pp. 127-146; 
Potter, J.D., Colorectal cancer: Molecules and populations (1999) J Natl Cancer Inst, 91, pp. 916-932; 
Ramstedt, M., Per capita alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis mortality in 14 European countries (2001) Addiction, 96 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S19-S33; 
Robinette, C.D., Hrubec, Z., Fraumeni J.F., Jr., Chronic alcoholism and subsequent mortality in World War II veterans (1979) Am J Epidemiol, 109, pp. 687-700; 
Schmidt, W., Popham, R.E., The role of drinking and smoking in mortality from cancer and other causes in male alcoholics (1981) Cancer, 47, pp. 1031-1041; 
Seitz, H.K., Poschl, G., Simanowski, U.A., Alcohol and cancer (1998) Recent Dev Alcohol, 14, pp. 67-95; 
Sharpe, C.R., Siemiatycki, J., Rachet, B., Effects of alcohol consumption on the risk of colorectal cancer among men by anatomical subsite (Canada) (2002) Cancer Causes Control, 13, pp. 483-491; 
Sigvardsson, S., Hardell, L., Przybeck, T.R., Cloninger, R., Increased cancer risk among Swedish female alcoholics (1996) Epidemiology, 7, pp. 140-143; 
Spak, F., Hallstrom, T., Prevalence of female alcohol dependence and abuse in Sweden (1995) Addiction, 90, pp. 1077-1088; 
Su, L.J., Arab, L., Nutritional status of folate and colon cancer risk: Evidence from NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study (2001) Ann Epidemiol, 11, pp. 65-72; 
Tavani, A., Ferraroni, M., Mezzetti, M., Franceschi, S., Lo Re, A., La Vecchia, C., Alcohol intake and risk of cancers of the colon and rectum (1998) Nutr Cancer, 30, pp. 213-219; 
Thun, M.J., Namboodiri, M.M., Heath C.W., Jr., Aspirin use and reduced risk of fatal colon cancer (1991) N Engl J Med, 325, pp. 1593-1596; 
Tonnesen, H., Moller, H., Andersen, J.R., Jensen, E., Juel, K., Cancer morbidity in alcohol abusers (1994) Br J Cancer, 69, pp. 327-332; 
Ye, W., Chow, W.H., Lagergren, J., Yin, L., Nyren, O., Risk of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and gastric cardia in patients with gastroesophageal reflux diseases and after antirefiux surgery (2001) Gastroenterology, 121, pp. 1286-1293
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038707384&doi=10.1038%2fsj.bjc.6600846&partnerID=40&md5=2c7a9b10abdd5ad9dba2e3e782603461
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cancer incidence in Denmark following exposure to poliovirus vaccine contaminated with simian virus 40
T2  - Journal of the National Cancer Institute
J2  - J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
VL  - 95
IS  - 7
SP  - 532
EP  - 539
PY  - 2003
SN  - 00278874 (ISSN) 
AU  - Engels, E.A.
AU  - Katki, H.A.
AU  - Nielsen, N.M.
AU  - Winther, J.F.
AU  - Hjalgrim, H.
AU  - Gjerris, F.
AU  - Rosenberg, P.S.
AU  - Frisch, M.
AD  - Div. of Cancer Epidemiology/Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health/Human Services, 6120 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD 20892, United States
AD  - Department of Epidemiology Research, Danish Epidemiology Science Center, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
AD  - Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
AD  - University Clinic of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, H.S. Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
AB  - Background: Early poliovirus vaccines were accidentally contaminated with simian virus 40 (SV40). In Denmark, poliovirus vaccine was administered to most children from 1955 through 1961. SV40 DNA sequences have been detected in several human malignancies, including mesothelioma, ependymoma, choroid plexus tumors, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. To clarify whether SV40 infection increases risk of these cancers or of cancers arising in children, we examined cancer incidence in three Danish birth cohorts. Methods: Population-based cancer incidence data from 1943 through 1997 were obtained from the Danish Cancer Registry. The relationship between exposure to SV40-contaminated vaccine and cancer incidence was evaluated by examining incidence in birth cohorts that differed in exposure to SV40-contaminated vaccine. In addition, cancer incidence was examined in children who were 0-4 years of age before, during, and after the period of vaccine contamination. Incidence was compared using Poisson regression, adjusting for age differences. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: After 69.5 million person-years of follow-up, individuals exposed to SV40-contaminated poliovirus vaccine as infants (i.e., born 1955-1961) or children (i.e., born 1946-1952) had lower overall cancer risk (age-adjusted relative risk [RR] = 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.81 to 0.91 and RR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.75 to 0.84, respectively; P<.001 for both) than unexposed individuals (i.e., born 1964-1970, after the vaccine was cleared of SV40 contamination). Specifically, SV40 exposure was not associated with increased incidence of mesothelioma, ependymoma, choroid plexus tumor, or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. After 19.5 million person-years of follow-up, incidence of all cancers combined, of intracranial tumors, and of leukemia among children aged 0-4 years was also not associated with SV40 exposure. Ependymoma incidence was higher during the exposed period than during the unexposed period (RR = 2.59, 95%CI = 1.36 to 4.92; P = .004 versus the period before contamination); however, incidence peaked in 1969, after the vaccine was cleared of SV40. Conclusion: Exposure to SV40-contaminated poliovirus vaccine in Denmark was not associated with increased cancer incidence.
KW  - poliomyelitis vaccine
KW  - virus DNA
KW  - poliomyelitis vaccine
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cancer registry
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - childbirth
KW  - childhood cancer
KW  - choroid plexus tumor
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - correlation analysis
KW  - Denmark
KW  - disease association
KW  - DNA determination
KW  - DNA sequence
KW  - drug contamination
KW  - drug exposure
KW  - ependymoma
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - human tissue
KW  - intracranial tumor
KW  - leukemia
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - mesothelioma
KW  - nonhodgkin lymphoma
KW  - Poisson distribution
KW  - population research
KW  - priority journal
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - Simian virus 40
KW  - virus infection
KW  - confidence interval
KW  - Denmark
KW  - female
KW  - incidence
KW  - infant
KW  - male
KW  - neoplasm
KW  - preschool child
KW  - register
KW  - risk
KW  - virology
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - Denmark
KW  - Drug Contamination
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant
KW  - Male
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Poisson Distribution
KW  - Poliovirus Vaccines
KW  - Registries
KW  - Risk
KW  - Simian virus 40
N1  - Cited By :58
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JNCIA
C2  - 12671021
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Engels, E.A.; Viral Epidemiology Branch, Div. of Cancer Epidemiology/Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD 20892, United States; email: engelse@exchange.nih.gov
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Poliovirus Vaccines
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Sweet, B.H., Hilleman, M.R., The vacuolating virus, SV40 (1960) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 105, pp. 420-427; 
Gerber, P., Hottle, G.A., Grubbs, R.E., Inactivation of vacuolating virus (SV40) by formaldehyde (1961) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 108, pp. 205-209; 
Shah, K.V., Polyoma viruses (JC virus, BK virus, and simian virus 40) and human cancer (2000) Infectious Causes of Cancer: Targets for Intervention, pp. 461-474. , Goedert JJ, editor. Totowa (NJ): Humana; 
Cicala, C., Pompetti, F., Carbone, M., SV40 induces mesotheliomas in hamsters (1993) Am. J. Pathol., 142, pp. 1524-1533; 
Rabson, A.S., O'Conor, G.T., Kirschstein, R.L., Branigan, W.J., Papillary ependymomas produced in Rattus (Mastomys) natalensis inoculated with vacuolating virus (SV40) (1962) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 29, pp. 765-787; 
Kirschstein, R.L., Gerber, P., Ependymomas produced after intracerebral inoculation of SV40 into new-born hamsters (1962) Nature, 195, pp. 299-300; 
Diamandopoulos, G.T., Leukemia, lymphoma, and osteosarcoma induced in the Syrian golden hamster by simian virus 40 (1972) Science, 176, pp. 173-175; 
Bergsagel, D.J., Finegold, M.J., Butel, J.S., Kupsky, W.J., Garcea, R.L., DNA sequences similar to those of simian virus 40 in ependymomas and choroid plexus tumors of childhood (1992) N. Engl. J. Med., 326, pp. 988-993; 
Carbone, M., Pass, H.I., Rizzo, P., Marinetti, M., Di Muzio, M., Mew, D.J., Simian virus 40-like DNA sequences in human pleural mesothelioma (1994) Oncogene, 9, pp. 1781-1790; 
Testa, J.R., Carbone, M., Hirvonen, A., Khalili, K., Krynska, B., Linnainmaa, K., A multi-institutional study confirms the presence and expression of simian virus 40 in human malignant mesotheliomas (1998) Cancer Res., 58, pp. 4505-4509; 
Carbone, M., Rizzo, P., Procopio, A., Giuliano, M., Pass, H.I., Gebhardt, M.C., SV40-like sequences in human bone tumors (1996) Oncogene, 13, pp. 527-535; 
Lednicky, J.A., Stewart, A.R., Jenkins, J.J., Finegold, M.J., Butel, J.S., SV40 DNA in human osteosarcomas shows sequence variation among T-antigen genes (1997) Int. J. Cancer, 72, pp. 791-800; 
Vilchez, R.A., Madden, C.R., Kozinetz, C.A., Halvorson, S.J., White, Z.S., Jorgensen, J., Association between simian virus 40 and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2002) Lancet, 359, pp. 817-823; 
Shivapurkar, N., Harada, K., Reddy, J., Scheuermann, R.H., Xu, Y., McKenna, R.W., Presence of simian virus 40 DNA sequences in human lymphomas (2002) Lancet, 359, pp. 851-852; 
Circular on vaccination against poliomyelitis (1955), Danish Ministry of the Interior. April 13, [Danish]; (1956), Gallup. Survey titled "Polio vaccination in Denmark" performed at the request of the Danish National Association Against Poliomyelitis [Danish]; (1962), Gallup. Survey titled "Polio vaccination, April 1962" performed at the request of the Danish National Association Against Poliomyelitis. [Danish]; Girardi, A.J., Sweet, B.H., Hilleman, M.R., Factors influencing tumor induction in hamsters by vacuolating virus, SV40 (1963) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 112, pp. 662-667; 
von Magnus, H., The manufacturing of polio vaccines (1955) Ugeskr Laeger, 117, pp. 461-462. , [Danish]; 
von Magnus, H., von Magnus, P., Petersen, I., Godtfredsen, A., Ronkjaer, M., Polio vaccination in Denmark in April-June 1955. I. The production of formalinized poliovaccine and preliminary results (1955) Danish Med. Bull., 2, pp. 226-233; 
Storm, H.H., Michelsen, E.V., Clernmensen, I.H., Pihl, J., The Danish Cancer Registry - History, content, quality, and use (1997) Danish Med. Bull., 44, pp. 535-539; 
(1976) International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, , 1st ed. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization; 
Gjerris, F., Harmsen, A., Klinken, L., Reske-Nielsen, E., Incidence and long term survival of children with intracranial tumours treated in Denmark 1935-1959 (1978) Br. J. Cancer, 38, pp. 442-451; 
Gjerris, F., Agerlin, N., Børgesen, S.E., Buhl, L., Haase, J., Klinken, L., Epidemiology and prognosis in children treated for intracranial tumours in Denmark 1960-1984 (1998) Childs Nerv. Syst., 14, pp. 302-311; 
McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., (2002) Generalized Linear Models, pp. 193-244. , 3rd ed. London, (U.K.): Chapman and Hall; 
Hastie, T.J., Tibshiram, R.J., Generalized additive models (1990), pp. 22-26. , London (U.K.): Chapman and Hall; Schwarz, G., Estimating the dimension of a model (1978) Ann. Stat., 6, pp. 461-464; 
Shah, K.V., Daniel, R.W., Strickler, H.D., Goedert, J.J., Investigation of human urine for genomic sequences of the primate polyornaviruses simian virus 40, BK virus, and JC virus (1997) J. Infect. Dis., 176, pp. 1618-1621; 
Li, R.M., Branton, M.H., Tanawattanacharoen, S., Falk, R.A., Jennette, J.C., Kopp, J.B., Molecular identification of SV40 infection in human subjects and possible association with kidney disease (2002) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., 13, pp. 2320-2330; 
Bofill-Mas, S., Pina, S., Girones, R., Documenting the epidemologic patterns of polyomaviruses in human populations by studying their presence in urban sewage (2000) Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 66, pp. 238-245; 
Strickler, H.D., Rosenberg, P.S., Devesa, S.S., Hertel, J., Fraumeni J.F., Jr., Goedert, J.J., Contamination of poliovirus vaccines with simian virus 40 (1955-1963) and subsequent cancer rates (1998) JAMA, 279, pp. 292-295; 
Geissler, E., SV40 and human brain tumors (1990) Prog. Med. Virol., 37, pp. 211-222; 
Carroll-Pankhurst, C., Engels, E.A., Strickler, H.D., Goedert, J.J., Wagner, J., Mortimer E.A., Jr., Thirty-five year mortality following receipt of SV40-contaminated polio vaccine during the neonatal period (2001) Br. J. Cancer, 85, pp. 1295-1297; 
Völter, C., zur Hansen, H., Alber, D., de Villiers, E.M., A broad spectrum PCR method for the detection of polyomaviruses and avoidance of contamination by cloning vectors (1998) Dev. Biol. Stand., 94, pp. 137-142; 
Gordon, G.J., Chen, C.J., Jaklitsch, M.T., Richards, W.G., Sugarbaker, D.J., Bueno, R., Detection and quantification of SV40 large T-antigen DNA in mesothelioma tissues and cell lines (2002) Oncol. Rep., 9, pp. 631-634; 
Capello, D., Rossi, D., Gaudino, G., Carbone, A., Gaidano, G., Simian virus 40 infection in lymphoproliferative disorders (2003) Lancet, 361, pp. 88-89; 
Weggen, S., Bayer, T.A., von Deimling, A., Reifenberger, G., von Schweinitz, D., Wiestler, O.D., Low frequency of SV40, JC and BK polyomavirus sequences in human medulloblastomas, meningiomas and ependymomas (2000) Brain Pathol., 10, pp. 85-92; 
Reuther, F.J., Löhler, J., Herms, J., Hugo, H.H., Schindler, C., Leithäuser, F., Low incidence of SV40-like sequences in ependymal tumours (2001) J. Pathol., 195, pp. 580-585; 
Krainer, M., Schenk, T., Zielinski, C.C., Müller, C., Failure to confirm presence of SV40 sequences in human tumours (1995) Eur. J. Cancer, 31 A, p. 1893; 
Strickler, H.D., Goedert, J.J., Fleming, M., Travis, W.D., Williams, A.E., Rabkin, C.S., Simian virus 40 and pleural mesothelioma in humans (1996) Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 5, pp. 473-475; 
Hübner, R., Van Marck, E., Reappraisal of the strong association between simian virus 40 and human malignant mesothelioma of the pleura (Belgium) (2002) Cancer Causes Control, 13, pp. 121-129; 
Engels, E.A., Sarkar, C., Daniel, R.W., Gravitt, P.E., Verma, K., Quezado, M., Absence of simian virus 40 in human brain tumors from northern India (2002) Int. J. Cancer, 101, pp. 348-352; 
Strickler, H.D., A multicenter evaluation of assays for detection of SV40 DNA and results in masked mesothelioma specimens (2001) Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., 10, pp. 523-532. , International SV40 Working Group
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037413949&partnerID=40&md5=8154bc71fba4bf1c9aa2c9237c2d6fe7
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Dental age and dental health determined longitudinally from patient records in three towns in Finland
T2  - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica
J2  - Acta Odontol. Scand.
VL  - 61
IS  - 2
SP  - 105
EP  - 109
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1080/00016350310001460
SN  - 00016357 (ISSN) 
AU  - Korhonen, M.
AU  - Larmas, M.
AD  - Department of Pedodontics, Oulu, Finland
AD  - Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, FI-90401 Oulu, Finland
AD  - Health Center of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
AB  - The aims of this study were to test the suitability of normal dental records in determining the eruption times of teeth and to compare the retrospective longitudinal DMF values with the statistical cross-sectional means. Patient records for two cohorts (1970 and 1980) were collected from three Finnish towns. The study population comprised 1910 children. The eruption times of the permanent teeth, DMFT and DMFS curves (excluding F due to fractures and M due to orthodontic reasons) were investigated for the year of examination in different study locations. The cross-sectional DMF values were compared to longitudinally calculated data. Tooth eruption was earlier in girls than in boys. However, girls did not have significantly higher DMF values than boys. In all towns, dental health was significantly better in the 1980 cohort than in the 1970 cohort. Comparison of the cross-sectional DMF values in the municipal health center statistics showed that the mean statistics gave considerably higher values than the measured values did after 15 years of age. The inconsistency between measured longitudinal DMF values and the cross-sectional statistical DMF values indicates the importance of creating computer programs for analyzing data longitudinally from normal dental records.
KW  - Dental health survey
KW  - DMF index
KW  - DMFS
KW  - Tooth count
KW  - Tooth eruption
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - calculation
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - computer program
KW  - controlled study
KW  - data analysis
KW  - dental care
KW  - dental health
KW  - female
KW  - Finland
KW  - health center
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - medical record
KW  - normal human
KW  - orthodontics
KW  - population
KW  - retrospective study
KW  - scoring system
KW  - tooth eruption
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Age Determination by Teeth
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Dental Caries
KW  - Dental Records
KW  - DMF Index
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - Fluoridation
KW  - Humans
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Oral Health
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Tooth Eruption
N1  - Cited By :7
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AOSCA
C2  - 12790508
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Korhonen, M.; Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, FI-90401 Oulu, Finland; email: marjut.korhonen@oulu.fi
N1  - References: Birkeland, J.I.M., Haugejorden, O., Fehr, F.R.Vd., Analyses of the caries decline and incidence among Norwegian adolescents 1985-2000 (2002) Acta Odontol Scand, 60, pp. 281-289; 
Haavikko, K., The formation and the alveolar and clinical eruption of the permanent teeth: An orthopantomographic study (1970) Proc Finn Dent Soc, 66, pp. 103-170; 
Pahkala, R., Pahkala, A., Laine, T., Eruption pattern of permanent teeth in a rural community in northeastern Finland (1991) Acta Odontol Scand, 49, pp. 341-349; 
Virtanen, J.I., Bloigu, R.S., Larmas, M.A., Timing of eruption of permanent teeth: Standard Finnish patient documents (1994) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 22, pp. 286-288; 
Virtanen, J.I., Bloigu, R.S., Larmas, M.A., Effect of early or late eruption of permanent teeth on caries susceptibility (1996) J Dent, 24, pp. 245-250; 
Nyström, M., Kleemola-Kujala, E., Evälahti, M., Pecks, L., Kataja, M., Emergence of permanent teeth and dental age in Finns (2001) Acta Odontol Scand, 59, pp. 49-56; 
Korhonen, M., Käkilehto, T., Larmas, M., Tooth-by-tooth survival analysis of the first caries attack in different age cohorts and health centers in Finland (2003) Acta Odontol Scand, 61, pp. 1-5; 
Larmas, M.A., Virtanen, J.I., Bloigu, R.S., Timing of first restorations in permanent teeth: A new system for oral health determination (1995) J Dent, 23, pp. 347-352; 
Härkänen, T., Larmas, M.A., Virtanen, J.I., Arjas, E., Applying modern survival analysis methods to longitudinal dental caries studies (2002) J Dent Res, 81, pp. 144-148; 
Eriksson, A.-L., (1993) Occurrence of Dental and Dentoalveolar Injuries and Their Late Complications in the Permanent Dentition. A Follow-Up Study of Turku Children and Adolescents, , (Dissertation), Turku; 
(1988) SAS Language Guide for Personal Computers, Release 6.03 Edition, , Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Choice of school in Australia: Determinants and consequences
T2  - Australian Economic Review
J2  - Aust. Econ. Rev.
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
SP  - 55
EP  - 78
PY  - 2003
SN  - 00049018 (ISSN) 
AU  - Le, A.T.
AU  - Miller, P.W.
AD  - Department of Economics, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
AB  - This article examines the determinants of school choice (government, Catholic or other independent schools) as well as the success in completing year 12 for cohorts of students born in 1961 and 1970. The results show that those attending Catholic and other independent schools have favourable socio-economic backgrounds. Ability has a significant and positive effect on the probability of completing year 12. There is no evidence of unobserved selection effects on the probability of completing year 12 for the 1961 cohort. For the 1970 cohort, there is negative selection into other independent schools and positive selection into Catholic schools. Decomposition results further reveal that selection on the basis of observed characteristics accounts for only a small part of the observed differences in year 12 completion rates across the three school systems. In comparison, selection on the basis of unobserved factors is an important part of the difference in year 12 completion rates. The school effects for both cohorts are much larger than those reported in previous studies.
KW  - education
KW  - Australia
N1  - Cited By :18
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Le, A.T.; Department of Economics, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
N1  - References: Anderson, D.S., Vervoorn, A.E., (1983) Access to Privilege: Patterns of Participation in Australian Post-Secondary Education, , Australian National University Press, Canberra; 
Schools, Australia, , Australian Bureau of Statistics (various issues), Cat. no. 4221.0, ABS, Canberra; 
(2000) Youth in Transition, 1961 Cohort, , Australian Council for Educational Research computer file, Social Science Data Archives, Australian National University, Canberra; 
(2000) Youth in Transition, 1970 Cohort, , Australian Council for Educational Research Computer file, Social Science Data Archives, Australian National University, Canberra; 
Blinder, A.S., Wage discrimination: Reduced form and structural estimates (1973) Journal of Human Resources, 8, pp. 436-455; 
Blinder, A.S., On dogmatism in human capital theory (1976) Journal of Human Resources, 11, pp. 8-22; 
Carpenter, P., Type of school and academic achievement (1985) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology, 21, pp. 219-236; 
Chiswick, B.R., Koutroumanes, S., An econometric analysis of the demand for private schooling (1996) Research in Labor Economics, 15, pp. 209-237; 
Chiswick, B.R., Koutroumanes Hofrenning, S., A method for proxying a respondent's religious background: An application to school choice decisions (1999) Journal of Human Resources, 34, pp. 193-207; 
Chiswick, B.R., Miller, P.W., A model of destination-language acquisition: Application to male immigrants in Canada (2001) Demography, 38, pp. 391-409; 
Cramer, J.S., Ridder, G., Pooling states in the multinomial logit model (1991) Journal of Econometrics, 47, pp. 267-272; 
(1997) School Funding: Consultation Report, , Department of Employment, Education, Training and Youth Affairs DEETYA, Canberra; 
Doiron, D.J., Riddell, W.C., The impact of unionization on male-female earnings differences in Canada (1994) Journal of Human Resources, 24, pp. 504-534; 
Dunn, T.R., An empirical demonstration of bias in HSC examination results (1982) Australian Journal of Education, 26, pp. 190-203; 
Farber, H.S., The decline of unionisation in the United States: What can be learned from recent experience (1990) Journal of Labor Economics, 8, pp. S75-S105; 
Freebairn, J., Porter, M., Walsh, C., (1987) National Economic Priorities 1987: Spending and Taxing, , Australian Reform Options, Allen and Unwin, Sydney; 
Graetz, B., Private schools and education attainment: Cohort and generational effects (1990) Australian Journal of Education, 34, pp. 174-191; 
Heckman, J.J., Sample selection bias as a specification error (1979) Econometrica, 47, pp. 153-162; 
Jones, F.L., On decomposing the wage gap: A critical comment on Blinder's method (1983) Journal of Human Resources, 18, pp. 126-130; 
Le, A.T., Miller, P.W., Educational attainment in Australia: A cohort analysis (2002) LSAY Research Report No. 25, , Australian Council for Educational Research, Victoria; 
Lee, L.-F., Generalized econometric models with selectivity (1983) Econometrica, 51, pp. 507-512; 
Long, M., Carpenter, P., Hayden, M., Participation in education and training 1980-1994 (1999) LSAY Research Report No. 13, , Australian Council for Educational Research, Victoria; 
Marks, G.N., Fleming, N., Long, M., McMillan, J., Patterns of participation in year 12 and higher education in Australia: Trends and issues (2000) LSAY Research Report No. 17, , Australian Council for Educational Research, Victoria; 
Miller, P.W., The wage effect of the occupational segregation of women in Great Britain (1987) Economic Journal, 97, pp. 885-896; 
Miller, P.W., Volker, P., Socioeconomic influences on educational attainment: Evidence and implications for the tertiary education finance debate (1989) Australian Journal of Statistics, 31 A, pp. 47-70; 
Neal, D., The effects of Catholic secondary schooling on educational achievement (1997) Journal of Labor Economics, 15, pp. 98-123; 
Nielsen, H.S., Discrimination and detailed decomposition in a logit model (1998) Economics Letters, 61, pp. 115-120; 
Oaxaca, R., Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets (1973) International Economic Review, 14, pp. 693-709; 
O'Higgins, N., YTS, employment, and sample selection bias (1994) Oxford Economic Papers, 46, pp. 605-628; 
Reimers, C.W., Labor market discrimination against Hispanic and black men (1983) Review of Economics and Statistics, 65, pp. 570-579; 
Stolzenberg, R.M., Relles, D.A., Tools for intuition about sample selection bias and its correction (1997) American Sociological Review, 62, pp. 493-507; 
Vella, F., Do Catholic schools make a difference?: Evidence from Australia (1999) Journal of Human Resources, 34, pp. 208-224; 
Western, J.S., (1983) Social Inequality in Australian Society, , McMillan, Melbourne; 
Williams, R., The economic determinants of private schooling in Australia (1985) Economic Record, 61, pp. 622-628; 
Williams, T., Carpenter, P.G., Private schooling and public achievement (1990) Australian Journal of Education, 34, pp. 3-24; 
Williams, T., Carpenter, P.G., Private schooling and public achievement in Australia (1991) International Journal of Education Research, 15, pp. 411-431; 
Williams, T., Long, M., Carpenter, P., Hayden, M., (1993) Entering Higher Education in the 1980s, , Department of Employment, Education and Training, AGPS, Canberra; 
Williams, T., Long, M., Carpenter, P., Hayden, M., (1993) Year 12 in the 1980s, , Department of Employment, Education and Training, AGPS, Canberra
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037367077&partnerID=40&md5=52de48deaa02e16fe666d9b30dcff586
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Three decades of pleural cancer and mesothelioma registration in Austria where asbestos cement was invented
T2  - International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
J2  - Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health
VL  - 76
IS  - 2
SP  - 161
EP  - 166
PY  - 2003
SN  - 03400131 (ISSN) 
AU  - Neuberger, M.
AU  - Vutuc, C.
AD  - Abteilung für Epidemiologie, Institut für Krebsforschung, Universität Wien, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
AD  - Abteilung fur Praventivmedizin, Institut für Umwelthygiene, Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
AB  - Recently, a new mesothelioma epidemic was predicted from observations made in Western Europe. From early observations in Austria the lower increase in cases of mesothelioma compared with neighbor countries had been related to different uses of asbestos. In order to test this hypothesis, incidence and mortality of pleural cancer [International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-8/9 163] were analyzed for three decades and supplemented by data from a cohort study in the factory that had been the largest consumer of asbestos imported to Austria and from all Austrian occupational diseases registered between 1990 and 2001. In men, mortality rates (based on 15 to 45 deaths/year) were lowest in 1980-1989, but similar in 1970-1979 and 1990-2001. No increase in younger-birth cohorts was detected. Incidence rates (based on 13 to 44 cases/year) increased (36%) non-significantly (P = 0.14). In women, a significant decrease in mortality and incidence rates (P < 0.01) was observed from 1970. Rates from work-related mesothelioma (based on only 0-7 men and 0-4 women/year) must be interpreted with caution. In the cohort of 2,816 asbestos cement workers 26 pleural mesotheliomas were registered from 1990 through mid-1999. Six of these cases (three male and three female) had not been registered as an occupational disease, but all of these cases had been encoded under ICD 163 in mortality statistics. One female cohort member registered as having asbestosis according to the death certificate had died from mesothelioma according to the statistics of occupational diseases. We conclude that no epidemic of mesothelioma due to past asbestos exposure is to be expected in Austria. © Springer-Verlag 2002.
KW  - Asbestos
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Mesothelioma
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Occupational disease
KW  - asbestos
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - asbestosis
KW  - Austria
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cancer registry
KW  - cement industry
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - death
KW  - epidemic
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - occupational cancer
KW  - occupational disease
KW  - occupational exposure
KW  - pleura cancer
KW  - pleura mesothelioma
KW  - statistics
KW  - Asbestos
KW  - Austria
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Mesothelioma
KW  - Occupational Diseases
KW  - Pleural Neoplasms
KW  - Registries
N1  - Cited By :13
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IAOHD
C2  - 12733090
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Vutuc, C.; Abteiling für Epidemiologie, Institut für Krebsforschung, Universität Wien, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; email: christian.vutuc@univie.ac.at
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: asbestos, 1332-21-4; Asbestos, 1332-21-4
N1  - References: Adachi, S., Kawamura, K., Takemoto, K., A trial on the quantitative risk assessment of man-made mineral fibers by the rat intraperitoneal administration assay (2001) Ind Health, 39, pp. 168-174; 
Banaei, A., Auvert, B., Goldberg, M., Computer modeling of population exposure to a carcinogen: The example of asbestos and mesothelioma mortality in France (2000) Comput Biomed Res, 33, pp. 97-109; 
Bergmann, L., The construction of the Neues Burgtheater in Vienna and the problem of asbestos in rooms - A historical look back (1998) Zbl Arbeitsmed, 39, pp. 9-11; 
Berry, M., Mesothelioma incidence and community asbestos exposure (1997) Environ Res, 75, pp. 34-40; 
Bianchi, C., Brollo, A., Ramani, L., Bianchi, T., Malignant mesothelioma in Europe (2000) Int J Med Biol Environ, 28, pp. 103-107; 
Carbone, M., Rizzo, P., Pass, H., Simian Virus 40: The link with human malignant mesothelioma is well established (2000) Anticancer Res, 20, pp. 875-877; 
Asbestverordnung (1990) Bundesgesetzblatt für die Republik Österreich 139/324/1990; 
Feigl, W., Friedl, H.P., Daten aus der österreichischen Gesundheitsstatistik und ihre Verwendbarkeit für epidemiologische Untersuchungen (1979) Österreichische Ärztezeitung, 34, pp. 1313-1316; 
Gun, R.T., Mesothelioma: Is asbestos exposure the only cause? (1995) Med J Aust, 162, pp. 429-431; 
Hansen, J., De-Klerk, N.H., Musk, A.W., Hobbs, M.S., Environmental exposure to crocidolite and mesothelioma: Exposure-response relationships (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 157, pp. 69-75; 
Hillerdal, G., Berg, J., Malignant mesothelioma secondary to chronic inflammation and old scars (1985) Cancer, 55, pp. 1968-1972; 
Huncharek, M., Non-asbestos related diffuse malignant mesothelioma (2002) Tumori, 88, pp. 1-9; 
Jemal, A., Grauman, D., Devesa, S., Recent geographic patterns of lung cancer and mesothelioma mortality rates in 49 shipyard counties in the United States, 1970-94 (2000) Am J Ind Med, 37, pp. 512-521; 
Karjalainen, A., Pukkala, E., Mattson, K., Tammilehto, L., Vainio, H., Trends in mesothelioma incidence and occupational mesotheliomas in Finland in 1960-1995 (1997) Scand J Work Environ Health, 23, pp. 266-270; 
Langgassner, J., Kytir, J., Vutuc, C., Doblhammer-Reiter, G., (1998) Atlas of Mortality in Austria by Causes of Death 1984/94, , Austrian Central Statistical Office, Vienna (ISBN 3-7046-1351-7); 
LaVecchia, C., Lucchini, F., Negri, E., Boyle, P., Maisonneuve, P., Levi, F., Trends of cancer mortality in Europe, 1955-1989, II (1992) Eur J Cancer, 28, pp. 514-599; 
LaVecchia, C., Decarli, A., Peto, J., Levi, F., Tomei, F., Negri, E., An age, period and cohort analysis of pleural cancer mortality in Europe (2000) Eur J Cancer Prev, 9, pp. 179-184; 
Leigh, J., Davidson, P., Hendrie, L., Berry, D., Malignant mesothelioma in Australia, 1945-2000 (2002) Am J Ind Med, 41, pp. 188-201; 
Leithner, A., Weinhaeusel, A., Windhager, R., Absence of SV40 in Austrian tumors correlates with low incidence of mesotheliomas (2002) Cancer Biol Ther, 1, p. 379; 
McDonald, A.D., McDonald, J.C., Malignant mesothelioma in North America (1980) Cancer, 46, pp. 1650-1656; 
McDonald, J.C., McDonald, A.D., Epidemiology of mesothelioma from estimated incidence (1977) Prev Med, 6, pp. 426-446; 
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Mehnert, W.H., Bender, E., Graffi, A., Schramm, T., Wildner, G.P., Mesotheliome beim Goldhamster IV (1974) Arch Geschwulstforsch, 43, pp. 22-35; 
Meyer, J.D., Holt, D.L., Chen, Y., Cherry, N.M., McDonald, J.C., Surveillance of work-related and occupational respiratory disease in the UK (2001) Occup Med, 51, pp. 204-208; 
Murray, M.H., (1907) Report of Departmental Committee on Compensation for Industrial Diseases, Minutes of Evidence, 3946, pp. 127-128. , HMSO, London; 
Neuberger, M., (1979) Neue Wege zur Risikobewertung von Luftschadstoffen, , Facultas, Wien; (ISBN 3-85076-079-0).; English translation: Asbetos: Epidemiological contribution to risk evaluation, Facultas, Vienna 1981 (ISBN 3-85076-104-5); 
Neuberger, M., Pleural plaques from low levels of asbestos (1989) Sourcebook on Asbestos Diseases, 4, pp. 231-275. , In: Peters GA, Peters BJ (eds); (medical research). Garland, New York; Butterworth, Salem; 
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Neuberger, M., Kundi, M., Zum Berufskrebsrisiko durch Asbest in Österreich (1991) Materialien zur Umwelthygienischen Beurteilung Mineralischer Fasern, Band 1: Beurteilung der Krebsgefahr durch Asbest und Andere Faserige Feinstäube, 7, pp. 74-96. , WaBoLu - Schriftenreihe des Bundesgesundheitsamtes Berlin.; In: Fischer M (ed); 
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Neuberger, M., Kundi, M., Friedl, H.P., Environmental asbestos exposure and cancer mortality (1984) Arch Environ Health, 39, pp. 261-265; 
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Peto, J., Hodgson, J.T., Matthews, F.E., Jones, J.R., Continuing increase in mesothelioma mortality in Britain (1995) Lancet, 345, pp. 535-539; 
Peto, J., Decarli, A., La Vecchia, C., Levi, F., Negri, E., The European mesothelioma epidemic (1999) Br J Cancer, 79, pp. 666-672; 
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Takahashi, K., Huuskonen, M.S., Tossavainen, A., Higashi, T., Okubo, T., Rantanen, J., Ecological relationship between mesothelioma incidence/mortality and asbestos consumption in ten Western countries and Japan (1999) J Occup Health, 41, pp. 8-11
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Occupational exposures and gastrointestinal cancers among Finnish women
T2  - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
J2  - J. Occup. Environ. Med.
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
SP  - 305
EP  - 315
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1097/01.jom.0000052963.43131.44
SN  - 10762752 (ISSN) 
AU  - Weiderpass, E.
AU  - Vainio, H.
AU  - Kauppinen, T.
AU  - Vasama-Neuvonen, K.
AU  - Partanen, T.
AU  - Pukkala, E.
AD  - Intl. Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
AD  - Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Finnish Inst. of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
AD  - School of Public Health, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
AD  - Ctrl. American Inst. Studs. Toxic S., Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
AD  - Finnish Cancer Registry, Inst. Stat./Epidemiol. Cancer Res., Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Intl. Agency for Research on Cancer, U. of Field and Intervention Studies, 150 cours Albert Thomas, F-69372 Lyon Cedex 8, France
AB  - A cohort including all female workers born 1906 through 1945 (n = 413,877) in Finland was identified through the Population Census of Finland of 1970. Incident cases of cancers of the gastrointestinal tract were explored during 1971 to 1995. Job titles in census records were converted to exposures of 31 occupational agents through a job-exposure matrix. For each agent, the product of level and probability of exposures was calculated and subdivided in three categories: zero, low and medium/high. Poisson regression models estimated relative risks (RR) for each agent, standardized for birth cohort, follow-up period, and socioeconomic status. Adjustment at job title level was done for alcohol use for cancers of the esophagus and liver and smoking for pancreatic cancer. The results showing either statistically significant RR at the medium/high level of exposure (RRH) or statistically significant trend (P &lt; 0.05) over the exposure categories were considered as positive findings. Colon cancer risk (2009 cases) was positively associated with sedentary work (RRH 1.3, 95% CI = 1.1-1.6; P trend 0.001) and negatively associated with perceived workload (P trend = 0.007). For stomach cancer (1881 cases), we observed an association with exposure to electromagnetic fields (RRH 1.44, 95% CI = 1.01-2.05) and man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF) (p trend 0.03). Rectal cancer (1323 cases) showed an association with chromium (RRH 1.9, 95% CI= 1.2-3.1) and oil mist (RR 2.0; 95% CI = 1.0-3.9). For pancreas cancer (1302 cases) we found associations with exposure to chromium (RRH 1.8; 95% CI = 1.0-3.1; P trend 0.01), electromagnetic fields (RRH 1.8; 95% CI = 1.2-2.8; P trend 0.02), and sedentary work (RRH 1.3; 95% CI = 1.0-1.7; P trend 0.05). We found no significant associations between any FINJEM agents and cancers of the esophagus (389 cases), liver (389 cases), and gallbladder (651 cases). Having examined the associations between seven cancer sites and over 30 exposures there exists the real possibility that some of the associations detected are chance findings. Therefore, the associations observed should need to be confirmed in other studies.
KW  - chromium
KW  - adult
KW  - alcohol consumption
KW  - article
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - digestive system cancer
KW  - electromagnetic field
KW  - esophagus cancer
KW  - Finland
KW  - gallbladder cancer
KW  - human
KW  - liver cancer
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - occupational exposure
KW  - occupational hazard
KW  - pancreas cancer
KW  - smoking
KW  - stomach cancer
KW  - workload
KW  - Colonic Neoplasms
KW  - Electromagnetic Fields
KW  - Esophageal Neoplasms
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - Gallbladder Neoplasms
KW  - Gastrointestinal Neoplasms
KW  - Humans
KW  - Medical Record Linkage
KW  - Occupational Diseases
KW  - Occupational Exposure
KW  - Pancreatic Neoplasms
KW  - Rectal Neoplasms
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Stomach Neoplasms
N1  - Cited By :42
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JOEMF
C2  - 12661188
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Weiderpass, E.; Intl. Agency for Research on Cancer, U. of Field and Intervention Studies, 150 cours Albert Thomas, F-69372 Lyon Cedex 8, France; email: Weiderpass@iarc.fr
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: chromium, 16065-83-1, 7440-47-3
N1  - References: Siemiatycki, J., (1991) Risk Factors for Cancer in the Workplace, , Boca Raton: CRC Press; 
Cocco, P., Ward, M.H., Buiatti, E., Occupational risk factors for gastric cancer: An overview (1996) Epidemiol Rev, 18, pp. 218-234; 
Boffetta, P., Kogevinas, M., Simonato, L., Wilbourn, J., Saracci, R., Current perspectives on occupational cancer risks (1995) Int J Occup Environ Health, 1, pp. 315-325; 
(2002) IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention, Weight Control and Physical Activity, 6. , Lyon: IARC Press; 
Weiderpass, E., Partanen, T., Kaaks, R., Occurrence, trends and environment etiology of pancreatic cancer (1998) Scand J Work Environ Health, 24, pp. 165-174; 
Ojajärvi, A., Partanen, T., Ahlbom, A., Occupational exposures and pancreatic cancer: A meta-analysis (2000) Occup Environ Med, 57, pp. 316-324; 
Ojajärvi, A., Partanen, T., Ahlbom, A., Risk of pancreatic cancer in workers exposed to chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents and related compounds: A meta-analysis (2001) Am J Epidemiol, 153, pp. 841-850; 
Partanen, T., Kauppinen, T., Boffetta, P., Weiderpass, E., Pancreas cancer (1998) Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 1, pp. 410-411. , Savolainen H., ed. Geneva: International Labour Office; 
Weiderpass, E., Pukkala, E., Kauppinen, T., Breast cancer and occupational exposures in women in Finland (1999) Am J Ind Med, 36, pp. 48-53; 
(1974) Population Census 1970: Occupation and Social Position, 6 C, p. 104. , Helsinki: Official statistics of Finland; 
Kauppinen, T., Toikkanen, J., Pukkala, E., From cross-tabulations to multipurpose exposure information systems: A new job-exposure matrix (1998) Am J Ind Med, 33, pp. 409-417; 
Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1987) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Vol. II - The Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies, 82, p. 406. , Lyon: IARC Scientific Publications; 
Kolari, R., (1983) Occupational Mobility 1970/1975. Official Statistics of Finland No. 97, , Helsinki: Statistics Finland; 
Teppo, L., Pukkala, E., Lehtonen, M., Data quality and quality control of a population-based cancer registry. Experience in Finland (1994) Acta Oncol, 33, pp. 365-369; 
Garabrant, D.H., Peters, J.M., Mack, T.M., Bernstein, L., Job activity and colon cancer risk (1984) Am J Epidemiol, 119, pp. 1005-1014; 
Vena, J.E., Graham, S., Zielezny, M., Brasure, J., Swanson, M.K., Occupational exercise and risk of cancer (1987) Am J Clin Nutr, 45, pp. 318-327; 
Fraser, G., Pearce, N., Occupational physical activity and risk of cancer of the colon and rectum in New Zealand males (1993) Cancer Causes Control, 4, pp. 45-50; 
Hsing, A.W., McLaughlin, J.K., Chow, W.H., Risk factors for colorectal cancer in a prospective study among U.S. white men (1998) Int J Cancer, 77, pp. 549-553; 
Levi, F., Pasche, C., Lucchini, F., Tavani, A., La Vecchia, C., Occupational and leisuretime physical activity and the risk of colorectal cancer (1999) Eur J Cancer Prev, 8, pp. 487-493; 
Tavani, A., Braga, C., La Vecchia, C., Physical activity and risk of cancers of the colon and rectum: An Italian casecontrol study (1999) Br J Cancer, 79, pp. 1912-1916; 
(1991) Health Behaviour Among Finnish Adults' Survey 1978-1991; 
Pukkala, E., Cancer risk by social class and occupation. A survey of 109,000 cancer cases among Finns of working age (1995) Contributions to Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 7, p. 277. , Basel: Karger; 
Simpson, J., Roman, E., Law, G., Pannett, B., Women's occupation and cancer: Preliminary analysis of cancer registrations in England and Wales, 1971-1990 (1999) Am J Ind Med, 36, pp. 172-185; 
Ruiz Gomez, M.J., Pastor Vega, J.M., De la Pena, L., Gil Carmona, L., Martinez Morillo, M., Growth modification of human adenomcarcinoma cells exposed to a low-frequency electromagnetic field (1999) J Physiol Biochem, 552, pp. 79-83; 
Phillips, J.L., Winters, W.D., Rutledge, L., In vitro exposure to electromagnetic fields: Changes in tumour cell properties (1986) Int J Radiat Biol Relat Stud Phys Chem Med, 493, pp. 463-469
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037343863&doi=10.1097%2f01.jom.0000052963.43131.44&partnerID=40&md5=fc620d28a4fac733c4bb3f684116deca
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Association between dementia and midlife risk factors: The radiation effects research foundation Adult Health Study
T2  - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
J2  - J. Am. Geriatr. Soc.
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
SP  - 410
EP  - 414
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51117.x
SN  - 00028614 (ISSN) 
AU  - Yamada, M.
AU  - Kasagi, F.
AU  - Sasaki, H.
AU  - Masunari, N.
AU  - Mimori, Y.
AU  - Suzuki, G.
AD  - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
AD  - Department of Statistics, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
AD  - Third Dept. of Internal Medicine, Hiroshima Univ. School of Medicine, Hiroshima, Japan
AD  - Hiroshima Atom. Bomb Casualty Cncl., Health Promotion Center, Hiroshima, Japan
AD  - Department of Clinical Studies, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-815, Japan
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between midlife risk factors and the development of vascular dementia (VaD) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) 25 to 30 years later. DESIGN: A prevalence study within a longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: Subjects in the Adult Health Study (a prospective cohort study begun in 1958) have been followed through biennial medical examinations in Hiroshima, Japan. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand seven hundred seventy-four subjects in Hiroshima, Japan born before September 1932 (1,660 with no dementia, 114 with dementia (51 with AD, and 38 with VaD) diagnosed from 1992 to 1997 according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria). MEASUREMENTS: The subjects were examined for effect on dementia of sex, age, education, atomic bomb radiation dose, and midlife factors associated with risk (smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, dietary habits, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index, and history of diabetes mellitus) that had been evaluated in 1965-1970. RESULTS: VaD prevalence increased significantly with age, higher SBP, and lower milk intake. The odds ratios of VaD for age (in 5-year increments), SBP (10 mmHg increments), and milk intake (almost daily/less than four times a week) were 1.29, 1.33, and 0.35, respectively. The risk factors for VaD were compatible with the risk factors for stroke in this study population. AD prevalence increased significantly with age and lower education. Other midlife factors and radiation dose did not show any significant association with VaD or AD. CONCLUSION: Increased SBP and low milk intake in midlife were associated with VaD detected 25 to 30 years later. Early behavioral control of the risk factors for vascular disease might reduce the risk of dementia.
KW  - Alzheimer's disease
KW  - Midlife risk factors
KW  - Vascular dementia
KW  - academic achievement
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - alcohol consumption
KW  - Alzheimer disease
KW  - article
KW  - atomic bomb
KW  - body mass
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - diabetes mellitus
KW  - evaluation
KW  - feeding behavior
KW  - female
KW  - gender
KW  - health
KW  - human
KW  - Japan
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - medical examination
KW  - medical research
KW  - milk level
KW  - multiinfarct dementia
KW  - non profit organization
KW  - physical activity
KW  - population research
KW  - prevalence
KW  - prospective study
KW  - psychiatric diagnosis
KW  - radiation dose
KW  - radiation response
KW  - risk factor
KW  - smoking
KW  - statistical significance
KW  - stroke
KW  - systolic blood pressure
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Dementia
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Japan
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Nuclear Warfare
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Radiation Injuries
KW  - Risk Factors
N1  - Cited By :151
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JAGSA
C2  - 12588587
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Yamada, M.; Department of Clinical Studies, Radiat. Effects Research Foundation, 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-815, Japan; email: yamada@rerf.or.jp
N1  - References: Ritchie, K., Kildea, D., Robine, M., The relationship between age and the prevalence of senile dementia: A meta-analysis of recent data (1992) Int J Epidemiol, 21, pp. 763-769; 
Yoshitake, T., Kiyohara, Y., Kato, I., Incidence and risk factors of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease in a defined elderly Japanese population: The Hisayama Study (1995) Neurology, 45, pp. 1161-1168; 
Yamada, M., Sasaki, H., Mimori, Y., Prevalence and risks of dementia in the Japanese population: RERF's Adult Health Study Hiroshima subjects (1999) J Am Geriatr Soc, 47, pp. 189-195; 
Kokmen, E., Whisnant, J.P., O'Fallon, W.M., Dementia after ischemic stroke: A population-based study in Rochester, Minnesota (1960-1984) (1996) Neurology, 19, pp. 154-159; 
Takeya, Y., Poppet, J.S., Shimizu, Y., Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii and California: Incidence of stroke in Japan and Hawaii (1984) Stroke, 15, pp. 15-23; 
Snowdon, D.A., Greiner, L.H., Mottimet, J.A., Brain infatction and the clinical expression of Alzheimer's disease. The Nun Study (1997) JAMA, 277, pp. 813-817; 
Skoog, I., Lernfelt, B., Landahi, S., 15-Year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia (1996) Lancet, 347, pp. 1141-1145; 
Leibson, C.L., Rocca, W.A., Hanson, V.A., Risk of dementia among persons with diabetes mellitus: A population-based cohort study (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 145, pp. 301-308; 
Curb, J.D., Rodrigues, B.L., Abbott, R.D., Longitudinal association of vascular and Alzheimer's dementias, diabetes, and glucose tolerance (1999) Neurology, 52, pp. 971-975; 
Launer, L.J., Andersen, K., Dewey, M.E., Rates and risk factors for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Results from EURODEM pooled analyses (1999) Neurology, 52, pp. 78-84; 
Smith, A.L., Cole, R., Smyth, K.A., The protective effects of physical exercise on the development of Alzheimer's disease (1998) Neurology, 50, pp. 89-90; 
Brenner, D.E., Kukull, W.A., Van Belle, G., Relationship between cigarette smoking and Alzheimer's disease in a population-based case-control study (1993) Neurology, 43, pp. 293-300; 
White, L.R., Petrovitch, H., Ross, W., Brain aging and midlife tofu consumption (2000) J Am College Nutr, 19, pp. 1-13; 
Wong, F.L., Yamada, M., Sasaki, H., Noncancer disease incidence in the atomic bomb survivors: 1958-86 (1993) Radiat Res, 135, pp. 418-430; 
Teng, E., Hasegawa, K., Homma, A., The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI): A practical test for cross-cultural epidemiological studies of dementia (1994) Int Psychogeriatr, 6, pp. 45-48; 
Larson, E.B., McCurry, S.M., Graves, A.B., Standardization of the clinical diagnosis of the dementia syndrome and its subtypes in a cross-national study: The Ni-Hon Sea experience (1998) J Gerontol A Biol Szi Med Sci, 53 A, pp. 313-319; 
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Roesh, W.C., (1987) Final Report on the Reassessment of Atomic Bomb Radiation Dosimetry in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, , Hiroshima: RERF; 
Erkinjuntti, T., Hachinski, V., Rethinking vascular dementia (1993) Cerebrovasc Dis, 3, pp. 3-23; 
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Ross, G.W., Pettovitch, H., White, L.R., Characterization of risk factors for vascular dementia. The Honolulu Asia Aging Study (1999) Utology, 53, pp. 337-343; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0344837411&doi=10.1046%2fj.1532-5415.2003.51117.x&partnerID=40&md5=53351e1c813e00764bf773278bb26010
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Twins as a natural experiment to study the causes of mild language delay: I: Design; Twin-singleton differences in language, and obstetric risks
T2  - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines
J2  - J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip.
VL  - 44
IS  - 3
SP  - 326
EP  - 341
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1111/1469-7610.00125
SN  - 00219630 (ISSN) 
AU  - Rutter, M.
AU  - Thorpe, K.
AU  - Greenwood, R.
AU  - Northstone, K.
AU  - Golding, J.
AD  - SGDP Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
AD  - School of Early Childhood, Queensland Univ. of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
AD  - Research and Devmt. Support Unit, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
AD  - U. of Paediat./Perinatal Epidemiol., University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
AB  - Background: Twins tend to lag behind singletons in their language development, but the causes were unknown. The possibilities suggested include obstetric complications, twin-specific features, and postnatal differences in family interaction. The present study was designed to pit these alternatives against one another as possible causal influences. Method: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) was used to identify the 116 twin pairs (of whom 96 participated) and 114 pairs of singletons (of whom 98 participated) whose ages were no more than 30 months apart. The McArthur Communicative Development Inventory was completed at 20 months, and the Pre-School Language Scales (PLS-3), and the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities at 36 months. Obstetric and perinatal complications were assessed on the basis of detailed systematic parental reports, together with a systematic coded abstraction of all medical records dealing with pregnancy and the neonatal period. Family background details were assessed from parental reports, and the primary carer's verbal functioning was assessed by the Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale. Congenital anomalies were assessed using the method of Waldrop and Halverson. Results: The language of twins was 1.7 months below that of singletons at 20 months and 3.1 months at 3 years. The verbal cognitive score of twins was about half a standard deviation lower than that of singletons. The twin-singleton differences in language level were found to be unassociated with obstetric/perinatal features as assessed from both parental reports and medical records, to birthweight or gestation, to birthweight discrepancy within the twin pair, or to congenital anomalies. Conclusions: It is concluded that obstetric/perinatal features do not account for the slower language development in twins as compared with singletons, within a sample born after at least 33 weeks gestation.
KW  - Congenital anomalies.
KW  - Language delay
KW  - Obstetric/perinatal complications
KW  - Singletons
KW  - Twin
KW  - alcohol consumption
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - breast feeding
KW  - caregiver
KW  - clinical feature
KW  - cognition
KW  - congenital malformation
KW  - controlled study
KW  - disease severity
KW  - experimental design
KW  - family history
KW  - female
KW  - gestation period
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - language
KW  - language development
KW  - language disability
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - McArthur communicative development inventory
KW  - McCarthy scale of children abilities
KW  - medical record
KW  - newborn disease
KW  - newborn period
KW  - obstetric care
KW  - pre school language scale
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - rating scale
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - smoking
KW  - twins
KW  - verbalization
KW  - case control study
KW  - language disability
KW  - methodology
KW  - pregnancy complication
KW  - preschool child
KW  - risk factor
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - twins
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Abnormalities
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Diseases in Twins
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Language Development Disorders
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Matched-Pair Analysis
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy Complications
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Risk Factors
N1  - Cited By :87
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JPPDA
C2  - 12635964
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Rutter, M.; SGDP Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; email: j.wickham@iop.kcl.ac.uk
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Permanent childhood hearing impairment - Epidemiology, age at identification, and causative factors 
ST  - Høretab hos børn - Epidemiologi, identifikation og årsager gennem 30 år
T2  - Ugeskrift for Laeger
J2  - Ugeskr. Laeg.
VL  - 165
IS  - 6
SP  - 574
EP  - 579
PY  - 2003
SN  - 00415782 (ISSN) 
AU  - Parving, A.
AU  - Hauch, A.-M.
AU  - Christensen, B.
AD  - Audiologisk afdeling, H:S Bispebjerg Hospital, DK-2400 København NV, Denmark
AB  - Introduction: The survey describes paediatric audiology through 30 years within Copenhagen City concerning epidemiology, age at identification, and causes of permanent hearing impairment in children. Material and methods: Three longitudinal ten years birthcohorts are included: 1970-1979 (n = 69); 1980-1989 (n = 64), and 1990-1999 (n = 104) provided with hearing aids, living in the Copenhagen City at the time of the data collection in January 1982, 1992, and 2002. The cohorts 1970-1979 and 1980-1989 have previously been described (1), whereas the 1990-1999 birth cohort is evaluated as part of a prospective registry study. The estimated prevalences are based on the age-matched background population. Results: The estimated prevalence of children provided with hearing aids is 1.97/1000 and the estimated prevalence of congenital hearing impairment is 1.50/1000 - without longitudinal changes from 1970-1979 over 1980-1989 to 1990-1999. The proportion of at-risk children in the three-pooled birth-cohorts is 63.3%. The median age at identification of the birth-cohort 1990-1999 was 18 months, 1980-1989 16 months, and 1970-1979 43 months. Only 6% of children with congenital hearing impairment born 1990-1999 are identified at the age of six months, and only 27% at the age of one year. An increase in the prevalence of genetic hearing immpairment in the cohort 1970-1979 was demonstrated. Discussion: The prevalence of permanent hearing impairment in childhood through three decades is unchanged, and the age at identification of children with congenital hearing impairments is still delayed. Factors causing hearing impairment demonstrate an increase in genetic factors, which, however, are not significant.
KW  - article
KW  - birth
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - Denmark
KW  - evaluation
KW  - female
KW  - genetic disorder
KW  - hearing aid
KW  - hearing impairment
KW  - heredity
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - onset age
KW  - population research
KW  - prevalence
KW  - prospective study
KW  - register
KW  - Adult
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Denmark
KW  - Female
KW  - Hearing Aids
KW  - Hearing Loss
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Prospective Studies
N1  - Cited By :17
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: UGLAA
C2  - 12608025
LA  - Danish
N1  - Correspondence Address: Parving, A.; Audiologisk afdeling, H:S Bispebjerg Hospital, DK-2400 København NV, Denmark; email: ap03@bbh.hosp.dk
N1  - References: Parving, A., Congenital hearing disability - Epidemiology and identification: A comparison between two health authority districts (1993) Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 27, pp. 29-46; 
Parving, A., Salomon, G., Medfødt hørenedsættelse hos børn i København en oversigt (1993) Ugeskr Læger, 155, pp. 1178-1182; 
(1995) Vejledning i Profylaktiske Lægeundersøgelser af Børn i Alderen fra 0-6 År og Vejledning i Anvendelse af et Autoriseret Journalkort, , København: Sundhedsstyrelsen; 
Parving, A., Paediatric audiological medicine - A survey from a regional department (1992) J Aud Med, 1, pp. 99-111; 
Parving, A., Hauch, A.-M., Permanent childhood hearing impairment - Some cross-sectional characteristics from a surveillance program (2001) Int Ped, 16, pp. 33-37; 
Jensen, J.H., Ostri, B., Hjernestammeaudiometri og ukonventionel audiometri hos småbørn - En sammenligning med senere rentoneaudiometri (1991) Ugeskr Læger, 153, pp. 1055-1057; 
Parving, A., Aetiological diagnosis in hearing-impaired children - Clinical value and application of a modern examination programme (1984) Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 7, pp. 29-38; 
Tekin, M., Arnos, K.S., Pandya, A., Advances in hereditary deafness (2001) Lancet, 358, pp. 1082-1089; 
Jacobsen, S., Grønskov, K., Brøndum-Nielsen, K., Parving, A., Is there a relationship between U-shaped audiograms and mutations in Connexin 26 (2001) Scand Audiol, 30, pp. 184-188; 
(1993) NIH Consensus Statement: Early Identification of Hearing Impairment in Infants and Young Children, 11, pp. 1-25. , Bethesda, Maryland: National Institute of Health; 
Grandori, F., Lutman, M., (1998) European Consensus Statement on Neonatal Hearing Screening. From the European Consensus Development Conference on Neonatal Hearing Screening, , Milan 15-16 May 1998. Bruxelles: European Commission; 
Mencher, G.T., Challenge of epidemiological research in the developing world: Overview (2000) Audiology, 39, pp. 178-183; 
Kennedy, C., Controlled trial of universal neonatal screening for early identification of permanent childhood hearing impairment (1998) Lancet, 352, pp. 1957-1964. , Wessez Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening Trial Group; 
Prieve, B., Dalzell, L., Berg, A., Bradley, M., Cacace, T., Campbell, D., The New York State Universal Newborn hearing screening project: Outpatient outcome measures (2000) Ear and Hear, 21, pp. 92-103; 
Yoshinaga-Itano, C., Sedey, A.L., Coulter, D.K., Mehl, A.L., Language of early-and later-identified children with hearing loss (1998) Pediatrics, 102, pp. 1161-1171; 
Davis, A., Bamford, J., Wilson, I., Ramkalawan, T., Wright, M., Foreshaw, S., A critical review of the role of neonatal hearing screening in the detection of congenital hearing impairment (1997) Health Techn Assess, 1, pp. 1-177; 
Thompson, D.C., McPhillips, H., Davis, R.L., Lieu, T.A., Homer, C.A., Helfand, M., Universal newborn hearing screening - Summary of evidence (2001) JAMA, 286, pp. 2000-2010; 
Tranebjærg, L., Genetiske årsaker til hørselsap - Satus og perspektiver (1999) Nor Lægeforen, 119, pp. 1919-1924; 
Steel, K.P., Kros, C.J., A genetic approach to understanding auditory function (2001) Nature Genetics, 27, pp. 143-149; 
Van Laer, L., Coucke, P., Mueller, R.F., Caethoven, G., Flothmann, K., Prasad, S.D., A common founder for the 35deIG GJB2 gene mutation in connexin 26 hearing impairment (2001) J Med Gen, 38, pp. 515-518; 
noteUR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037415549&partnerID=40&md5=8e40886c8e03d3ed0cf01927a2df6fec
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Inequality in the early cognitive development of British children in the 1970 cohort
T2  - Economica
J2  - Economica
VL  - 70
IS  - 277
SP  - 73
EP  - 97
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1111/1468-0335.t01-1-00272
SN  - 00130427 (ISSN) 
AU  - Feinstein, L.
AD  - London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom
AB  - This paper develops an index of development for British children in the 1970 cohort, assessed at 22 months, 42 months, 5 years and 10 years. The score at 22 months predicts educational qualifications at age 26 and is related to family background. The children of educated or wealthy parents who scored poorly in the early tests had a tendency to catch up, whereas children of worse-off parents who scored poorly were extremely unlikely to catch up and are shown to be an at-risk group. There is no evidence that entry into schooling reverses this pattern.
KW  - cognition
KW  - educational attainment
KW  - income distribution
KW  - socioeconomic indicator
KW  - United Kingdom
N1  - Cited By :248
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Feinstein, L.; London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Barnett, W.S., Long-term effects of early childcare programs on cognitive and school outcomes (1995) The Future of Children, 5 (3), pp. 25-50. , Los Altos, Cal.: Center for the Future of Children, The David and Lucile Packard Foundation; 
Bartholomew, D., (1973) Stochastic Model for Social Processes, , Chichester: John Wiley; 
Bayley, N., Consistency and variability in the growth of intelligence from birth to eighteen years (1949) Journal of Genetic Psychology, 75, pp. 165-196; 
Berrueta-Clement, J., Schweinhart, L.J., Barnett, W.S., Epstein, A.S., Weikart, D.P., Changed lives: The effects of the Perry pre-school programme on youths through age nineteen (1984) Monograph of the High/Scope Educational Research Foundation, 8. , Ypsilanti, Mich.: High/Scope Press; 
Bornstein, M.H., Sigman, M.D., Continuity in mental development from infancy (1986) Child Development, 57, pp. 251-274; 
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Feinstein, L., Robertson, D., Symons, J., Pre-school education and attainment in the NCDS and BCS (1999) Education Economics, 7 (3); 
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Ramey, S.L., Ramey, C.T., Early childhood experiences and developmental competence (2000) Securing the Future: Investing in Children from Birth to College, pp. 122-150. , J. Waldfogel and S. Danziger (eds.), New York: Russell Sage Foundation; 
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Zeanah, C.H., Boris, N.W., Larrieu, J.A., Infant development and developmental risk: A review of the past ten years (1997) Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36 (2), pp. 165-178
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037321725&doi=10.1111%2f1468-0335.t01-1-00272&partnerID=40&md5=5918932fe4a6c12314118612efb85396
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Tooth-by-tooth survival analysis of the first caries attack in different age cohorts and health centers in Finland
T2  - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica
J2  - Acta Odontol. Scand.
VL  - 61
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PY  - 2003
SN  - 00016357 (ISSN) 
AU  - Korhonen, M.
AU  - Käkilehto, T.
AU  - Larmas, M.
AD  - Department of Pedodontics, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
AD  - Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 52981, FI-90401 Oulu, Finland
AB  - The aims of this study were to test the hypothesis that existing patient records serve as a source of data for survival analysis of dental health and to develop a system for routinely conducted survival analysis of dental health from tooth eruption to first caries attack. Patient records for three cohorts were collected from four towns in Finland: Oulu, Turku, Kuopio, and Kemi. The study population comprised 2103 children born and living in these towns. The Kaplan-Meier curves for dental caries were drawn separately for each tooth and for the maxilla and mandible (for each age cohort). Placements of the first restoration of all teeth in each age cohort were investigated. The 1960 cohort had an extremely high post-eruptive morbidity in all teeth. The 1970 cohort had relatively high immediate post-eruptive morbidity in both molars, but much lower than that of the 1960 cohort. The filling increment rates for second molars were lower than those of the first molars in the 1970 cohort. Characteristic of the 1980 cohort was a rapid increase in the caries increment of the premolars and second molars 4 years after eruption. The results indicate a big difference in tooth-by-tooth dental health in Finland. A huge decline in caries attack was seen from the 1960 cohort to the 1980 cohort, but a deterioration of dental health in premolars and second molars is clearly seen in the 1980 cohort in the 1990s.
KW  - Dental caries
KW  - Dental health
KW  - Survival analysis
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - dental caries
KW  - dental health
KW  - female
KW  - Finland
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - Kaplan Meier method
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mandible
KW  - maxilla
KW  - medical record
KW  - molar tooth
KW  - morbidity
KW  - newborn
KW  - premolar tooth
KW  - survival
KW  - tooth eruption
KW  - tooth filling
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Determination by Teeth
KW  - Age of Onset
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Bayes Theorem
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Dental Caries
KW  - Dental Records
KW  - Dental Restoration, Permanent
KW  - DMF Index
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Survival Analysis
KW  - Tooth
KW  - Tooth Eruption
KW  - Tooth Extraction
N1  - Cited By :7
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AOSCA
C2  - 12635773
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Korhonen, M.; Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 52981, FI-90401 Oulu, Finland; email: marjut.korhonen@oulu.fi
N1  - References: Härkänen, T., Larmas, M., Virtanen, J., Arjas, E., Applying modern survival analysis methods to longitudinal dental caries studies (2002) J Dent Res, 81, pp. 144-148; 
Hujoel, P.P., Löe, H., Anerud, A., Boysen, H., Leroux, B.G., Forty-five-year tooth survival probabilities among men in Oslo, Norway (1998) J Dent Res, 77, pp. 2020-2027; 
Hannigan, A., O'Mullane, D.M., Barry, D., Schäfer, F., Roberts, A.J., A re-analysis of a caries clinical trial by survival analysis (2001) J Dent Res, 80, pp. 427-431; 
Larmas, M., Virtanen, J., Bloigu, R., Timing of first restorations in permanent teeth: A new system for oral health determination (1995) J Dent, 23, pp. 347-352; 
Suni, J., Changes in the cumulative tooth and surface-specific survival rates between four age cohorts (1997) Annales Universitatis Turkuensis D, p. 260; 
Hausen, H., Kärkkäinen, S., Seppä, L., Caries data collected from public health records compared with data based on examinations by trained examiners (2001) Caries Res, 35, pp. 360-365; 
Carlos, J.P., Gittelsohn, A.M., Longitudinal studies of the natural history of caries. II. A life-table study of caries incidence in the permanent teeth (1965) Arch Oral Biol, 10, pp. 739-751; 
Hausen, H., Milen, A., Tala, H., Nordling, H., Paunio, I., Heinonen, O.P., Caries frequency among 6-17-year old-participants of the Finnish public dental care during 1975-1979 (1983) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 11, pp. 74-80; 
Seppä, L., Hausen, H., Pöllänen, L., Helasharju, K., Kärkkäinen, S., Past caries recordings made in Public Dental Health Care Centers as predictors of caries prevalence in early adolescence (1989) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 17, pp. 277-281; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mortality of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive blood donors in England and Wales
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Int. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
SP  - 118
EP  - 124
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1093/ije/dyg039
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Crook, P.D.
AU  - Jones, M.E.
AU  - Hall, A.J.
AD  - London Sch. of Hygiene/Tropical Med., Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
AD  - The Institute of Cancer Research, Epidemiology Section, Block D, Sutton SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
AB  - Background. Large population-based cohort studies in areas of high hepatitis B virus (HBV) prevalence have provided the evidence establishing hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriage as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver disease. Fewer studies have examined this in Western countries, where both HBV infection and carriage are less common and transmission patterns differ. This is the only prospective population-based study to examine this relationship in Europe. Methods. In all, 2681 male and 977 female blood donors in England and Wales, found to be HBsAg positive during routine blood-donation screening, were followed up from recruitment in 1970-1982 to December 1999 and their cause-specific mortality was analysed. This was compared with that of the general population of England and Wales. Results. During a mean of 22 years of follow-up, 17.4% of the 420 deaths were due to HCC or liver disease. There were 20 deaths from HCC in male HBsAg carriers, representing a significantly high standardized mortality ratio (SMR) compared to the male population of England and Wales of 26 (SMR = 26.26; 95% CI: 16.04-40.54). The HCC incidence rate in males was 33.5 per 100 000 person years and 4.4 per 100 000 person years in females. Men had 8.5 (SMR = 8.50; 95 % CI: 6.25-11.31) and women had 3.9 times the risk of death from liver disease (SMR = 3.89; 95% CI: 1.26-9.09). The risk of circulatory disease deaths was reduced in both males and females. There was a significant increased risk of non-Hodgkins lymphoma that was not apparent in the first decade of follow-up. The increased risk of HCC and liver disease in men fell with follow-up. Conclusion. Hepatitis B surface antigen carriage is a significant risk factor in England and Wales for both liver disease and HCC mortality. However, this risk has declined with duration of follow-up. This could be due to natural reversion to HBsAg negativity or as a result of treatment and avoidance of other risk factors. The increased risk of non-Hodgkins lymphoma seen in longer follow-up is likely to be related to HIV infection acquired subsequent to recruitment.
KW  - Chronic liver disease
KW  - Cohort
KW  - Hepatitis B virus
KW  - Hepatocellular carcinoma
KW  - Population-based
KW  - hepatitis B surface antigen
KW  - hepatitis
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - blood donor
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - cause of death
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - data analysis
KW  - Europe
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - hepatitis B
KW  - Hepatitis B virus
KW  - human
KW  - ischemia
KW  - liver cell carcinoma
KW  - liver disease
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - nonhodgkin lymphoma
KW  - population
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk factor
KW  - seroconversion
KW  - seroprevalence
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - virus carrier
KW  - virus transmission
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Blood Donors
KW  - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Hepatitis B
KW  - Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Liver Diseases
KW  - Liver Neoplasms
KW  - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Risk
KW  - Wales
N1  - Cited By :39
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJEPB
C2  - 12690022
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hall, A.J.; London Sch. of Hygiene/Tropical Med., Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom; email: andy.hall@lshtm.ac.uk
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
N1  - References: Van, D.P., Vellinga, A., Epidemiology of hepatitis B and C in Europe (1998) Acta Gastroenterol. Belg., 61, pp. 175-182; 
(2001) Hepatitis Viruses, , International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 
Beasley, R.P., Hwang, L.Y., Overview on the epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (1991) Viral Hepatitis & Liver Disease, pp. 532-535. , Hollinger FB (ed.). Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 
Beasley, R.P., Lin, C.C., Hepatoma risk among HBsAg carriers (1978) Am. J. Epidemiol., 108, p. 247; 
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Nomura, A., Stemmermann, G.N., Wasnich, R.D., Presence of hepatitis B surface antigen before primary hepatocellular carcinoma (1982) JAMA, 247, pp. 2247-2249; 
McMahon, B.J., Alberts, S.R., Wainwright, R.B., Bulkow, L., Lanier, A.P., Hepatitis B-related sequelae. Prospective study in 1400 hepatitis B surface antigen-positive Alaska native carriers (1990) Arch. Intern. Med., 150, pp. 1051-1054; 
Fukao, A., An epidemiological study on relationship between hepatitis B virus and hepatocellular carcinoma (1985) Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi, 82, pp. 232-238; 
Tu, J.T., Gao, R.N., Zhang, D.H., Gu, B.C., Hepatitis B virus and primary liver cancer on Chongming Island, People's Republic of China (1985) Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr., 69, pp. 213-215; 
Ding, Z.G., Epidemiological study on relationship between hepatitis B and liver cancer - A prospective study on development of liver cancer and distribution of HBsAg carriers and liver damage persons in Guangxi (1988) Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi, 9, pp. 220-223; 
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Yeh, F.S., Yu, M.C., Mo, C.C., Luo, S., Tong, M.J., Henderson, B.E., Hepatitis B virus, aflatoxins, and hepatocellular carcinoma in southern Guangxi, China (1989) Cancer Res., 49, pp. 2506-2509; 
Mori, M., Hara, M., Wada, I., Prospective study of hepatitis B and C viral infections, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and other factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk in Japan (2000) Am. J. Epidemiol., 151, pp. 131-139; 
Prince, A.M., Alcabes, P., The risk of development of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus carriers in New York. A preliminary estimate using death-records matching (1982) Hepatology, 2, pp. 15S-20S; 
Dodd, R.Y., Nath, N., Increased risk for lethal forms of liver disease among HBsAg-positive blood donors in the United States (1987) J. Virol. Methods, 17, pp. 81-94; 
Oshima, A., Tsukuma, H., Hiyama, T., Fujimoto, I., Yamano, H., Tanaka, M., Follow-up study of HBs Ag-positive blood donors with special reference to effect of drinking and smoking on development of liver cancer (1984) Int. J. Cancer, 34, pp. 775-779; 
Tokudome, S., Ikeda, M., Matsushita, K., Maeda, Y., Yoshinari, M., Hepatocellular carcinoma among female Japanese hepatitis B virus carriers (1987) Hepatogastroenterology, 34, pp. 246-248; 
Hall, A.J., Winter, P.D., Wright, R., Mortality of hepatitis B positive blood donors in England and Wales (1985) Lancet, 1, pp. 91-93; 
Dragosics, B., Ferenci, P., Hitchman, E., Denk, H., Long-term follow-up study of asymptomatic HBsAg-positive voluntary blood donors in Austria: A clinical and histologic evaluation of 242 cases (1987) Hepatology, 7, pp. 302-306; 
Sherman, M., Peltekian, K.M., Lee, C., Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus: Incidence and prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma in a North American urban population (1995) Hepatology, 22, pp. 432-438; 
Ross, R.K., Urinary aflatoxin biomarkers and risks of hepatocellular carcinoma (1992) Lancet, 339, pp. 943-946; 
London, W.T., Evans, A.A., Buetow, K., Molecular and genetic epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma: Studies in China and Senegal (1995) Princess Takamatsu Symp., 25, pp. 51-60; 
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Monson, R.R., (1980) Occupational Epidemiology, pp. 54-59. , Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 
Sobeslavsky, O., Prevalence of markers of hepatitis B virus infection in various countries: A WHO collaborative study (1980) Bull World Health Organ, 58, pp. 621-628; 
Sampliner, R.E., The duration of hepatitis B surface antigenemia (1979) Arch. Intern. Med., 139, pp. 145-146
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0242432492&doi=10.1093%2fije%2fdyg039&partnerID=40&md5=41dc437e7b8c144b7c76ed13763458b6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prevalence of cigarette smoking by birth cohort among males and females in Spain, 1910-1990
T2  - European Journal of Cancer Prevention
J2  - Eur.J. Cancer Prev.
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
SP  - 57
EP  - 62
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1097/00008469-200302000-00009
SN  - 09598278 (ISSN) 
AU  - Fernandez, E.
AU  - Schiaffino, A.
AU  - Borràs, J.M.
AU  - Shafey, O.
AU  - Villalbí, J.R.
AU  - La Vecchia, C.
AD  - Cancer Prevention and Control Unit, Institut Catala d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
AD  - Department of Public Health, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
AD  - Dept. Epidemiol./Surveillance Res., American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States
AD  - Ist. Ric. Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
AD  - Ist. di Stat. Medica e Biometria, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
AD  - Catalan Institute of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Control Unit, Av. Gran Via s/n, Km 2.7, 08907 L'Hospitalet (Barcelona), Spain
AB  - We analysed the prevalence of cigarette smoking among subsequent birth cohorts of Spanish males and females. Data were drawn from the Spanish NHIS conducted in 1993 (n = 26 400), 1995 (n = 8300) and 1997 (n = 8300). From the original computer files, the three surveys were pooled to obtain a single sample. A total of 33 223 subjects (16 036 men and 17 187 women) born between 1900 and 1979, ≥ 16 years old, were directly interviewed and with complete information on the history of smoking included for analysis. Based on each respondent's sex and calendar year of birth, the person was classified into a particular sex-birth cohort in the decades from 1900-09 to 1970-79. For each year from date of birth to date of survey, respondents were further classified as either cigarette smoker or nonsmoker. The prevalence of cigarette smoking among successive cohorts of Spanish men and women was estimated, with correction for excess mortality of smokers. In men, the peak in smoking was reached in the 1950-59 birth cohort (prevalence rate of 68% at ages 20-29), after increases during the previous calendar years. Smoking among women was rare until 1960. Female smoking prevalence rates increased progressively among subsequent cohorts until 1980. The age distribution of smoking prevalence in women in 1990 mimics that observed in men 40 years earlier. A substantial delay in the spread of the tobacco epidemic among men is apparent. In women, the delay in the initiation of the smoking epidemic ended with a quick diffusion of the habit. © 2003 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Gender differences
KW  - Smoking
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - epidemic
KW  - female
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Spain
KW  - tobacco dependence
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Surveys
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Spain
KW  - Tobacco Use Disorder
N1  - Cited By :59
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EJUPE
C2  - 12548111
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Fernandez, E.; Catalan Institute of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Control Unit, Av. Gran Via s/n, Km 2.7, 08907 L'Hospitalet (Barcelona), Spain; email: efernandez@ico.scs.es
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Birkett, N.J., Trends in smoking by birth cohort for births between 1940 and 1975: A reconstructed cohort analysis of the 1990 Ontario Health Survey (1997) Prev Med, 26, pp. 534-541; 
Borràs, J., Borràs, J.M., Galceran, J., Trends in smoking-related cancer incidence in Tarragona, Spain (2001) Cancer Causes Control, 12, pp. 903-908; 
Borras, J.M., Fernandez, E., Schiaffino, A., Pattern of smoking initiation in Catalonia (Spain) from 1948 to 1992 (2000) Am J Public Health, 9, pp. 1459-1462; 
Borrell, C., Pasarín, M.I., (2001) Resultats Preliminars de l'Enquesta de Salut de Barcelona, 2000, , Barcelona: Institut Municipal de Salut Pública, Ajuntament de Barcelona; 
Brenner, H., A birth cohort analysis of the smoking epidemic in West Germany (1993) J Epidemiol Community Health, 47, pp. 54-58; 
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Fernández, E., Carné, J., Schiaffino, A., El abandono del hábito tabáquico en Cataluña (1999) Gac Sanit, 13, pp. 353-360; 
Fernandez, E., Garcia, M., Schiaffino, A., Smoking initiation and cessation by gender and educational level in Catalonia (Spain) (2001) Prev Med, 32, pp. 218-223; 
Fernandez, E., Gonzalez, J.R., Borras, J.M., Recent decline in cancer mortality in Catalonia (Spain). A joinpoint regression analysis (2001) Eur J Cancer, 37, pp. 2222-2228; 
Fernandez, E., Schiaffino, A., Garcia, M., Widening social inequalities in smoking cessation in Spain, 1987-1997 (2001) J Epidemiol Community Health, 55, pp. 729-730; 
Fernandez, E., Schiaffino, A., Pérez, G., Smoking and mortality in Southern Europe. The Catalan Health Interview Survey Follow-up Study (2001) Am J Epidemiol, 153 (11), pp. S134; 
Ferrence, R.G., Sex differences in cigarette smoking in Canada 1900-1978: A reconstructed cohort study (1988) Can J Public Health, 79, pp. 160-165; 
Franco, J., Pérez-Hoyos, S., Plaza, P., Changes in lung-cancer mortality trends in Spain (2002) Int J Cancer, 97, pp. 102-105; 
Garrido, L., (1992) Las dos Biografías de la Mujer en España, , Madrid: Instituto de la Mujer; 
González Enríquez, J., Villar Álvarez, F., Banegas Banegas, J.R., Tendencia de la mortalidad atribuible al tabaquismo en España, 1978-1992: 600 000 Muertes en 15 años (1997) Med Clin (Barc), 109, pp. 577-582; 
Harris, J., Cigarette smoking among successive birth cohorts of men and women in the United States during 1900-80 (1983) JNCI, 71, pp. 473-479; 
Hatziandreu, E.J., Pierce, J.P., Fiore, M.C., The reliability of self-reported cigarette consumption in the United States (1989) Am J Public Health, 79, pp. 1020-1023; 
Huber, G.L., Pandina, R.J., The economics of tobacco (1997) The Tobacco Epidemic, pp. 28-29. , Bolliger CT, Fagerström KO (editors): Basel: Karger Publishing; 
La Vecchia, C., Decarli, A., Pagano, R., Prevalence of cigarette smoking among subsequent cohorts of Italian males and females (1986) Prev Med, 15, pp. 606-613; 
La Vecchia, C., Levi, F., Decarli, A., Trends in smoking and lung cancer mortality in Switzerland (1988) Prev Med, 17, pp. 712-724; 
Laaksonen, M., Uuutela, A., Vartiainen, E., Development of smoking by birth cohort in the adult population in eastern Finland 1972-97 (1999) Tob Control, 8, pp. 161-168; 
López-Abente, G., Pollán, M., Vergara, A., Tendencia temporal de la incidencia de cȧncer en Navarra y Zaragoza (2000) Gac Sanit, 14, pp. 100-109; 
López-Nicolás, A., How important are tobacco prices in the propensity to start and quit smoking? An analysis of smoking histories from the Spanish National Health Survey (2002) Health Econ, 11, pp. 521-535; 
Mendoza Berjano, R., Batista Foguet, J.M., Sanchez Garcia, M., El consumo de tabaco, alcohol y otras drogas en los adolescentes escolarizados españoles (1998) Gac Sanit, 12, pp. 263-271; 
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Morabia, A., Costanza, M.C., Bernstein, M.S., Ages at initiation of cigarette smoking and quit attempts among women: A generation effect (2002) Am J Public Health, 92, pp. 71-74; 
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Nordlund, L.A., Trends in smoking habits and lung cancer in Sweden (1998) Eur J Cancer Prev, 7, pp. 109-116; 
(1983) Cigarette Smoking: 1972 to 1982, , OPCS Monitor; 
Paluzie, G., Sans, S., Balana, L., Tendencias seculares del tabaquismo según el nivel educativo entre 1986 y 1996: Estudio MONICA-Catalun̄a (2001) Gac Sanit, 15, pp. 303-311; 
Pelletier, F., Marcil-Gratton, N., Légaré, J., A cohort approach to tobacco use and mortality: The case of Quebec (1996) Prev Med, 25, pp. 730-740; 
Regidor, E., Gutierrez-Fisac, J.L., Calle, M.E., Trends in cigarette smoking in Spain by social class (2001) Prev Med, 33, pp. 241-248; 
Schiaffino, A., Fernandez, E., Borrell, C., Gender and educational differences in smoking initiation rates in Spain from 1948 to 1992 (2003) Eur J Public Health, , in press; 
Villalbi, J., Lopez, V., La prevención del tabaquismo como problema politico (2001) Gac Sanit, 15, pp. 265-272; 
Villalbi, J.R., Pasarin, M.I., Nebot, M., Mortalidad por cáncer de pulmón: Inicio de declive en los varones de Barcelona (2001) Med Clin (Barc), 117, pp. 727-731; 
Waldron, I., Patterns and causes of gender differences in smoking (1991) Soc Sci Med, 32, pp. 989-1005
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037327073&doi=10.1097%2f00008469-200302000-00009&partnerID=40&md5=c1f57e7cfbda56a3eca5a20cd2e9dcdd
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Do clever brains age more slowly? Further exploration of a nun result
T2  - British Journal of Psychology
J2  - Br. J. Psychol.
VL  - 94
IS  - 1
SP  - 63
EP  - 71
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1348/000712603762842101
SN  - 20448295 (ISSN) 
AU  - Rabbitt, P.
AU  - Chetwynd, A.
AU  - Mclnnes, L.
AD  - Age/Cogn. Perf. Research Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Biomathematics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Northumbria, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
AB  - Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that Individuals who have higher levels of mental ability In youth experience a slower cognitive decline as they grow old. In a sample of 3,263 Newcastle residents, average scores on a vocabulary test (Raven's 1965 'Mill Hill A') did not vary, while average scores on a test of fluid mental ability (the Heim, 1970, AH 4 (I) group Intelligence test) sharply declined with age from 49 to 92 years. In young adults, Mill Hill A scores are good proxies for AH 4 (I) scores. This relationship allowed Individuals' youthful AH 4(I) test scores to be estimated from their current, unchanged, Mill Hill A scores so that age-related changes in AH 4 test scores over the adult life-span could be estimated and compared between high and low ability groups, men and women, and individuals of different levels of socio-economic advantage. The cross-sectional estimated rate of age-related decline in general mental ability was found to be the same for people of all levels of ability and socio-economic advantage, and not to differ between men and women.
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - aging
KW  - article
KW  - brain
KW  - cognitive defect
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - intelligence
KW  - intelligence test
KW  - language test
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - male
KW  - middle aged
KW  - occupation
KW  - physiology
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - psychological model
KW  - sex difference
KW  - statistics
KW  - time
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Aging
KW  - Brain
KW  - Cognition Disorders
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intelligence
KW  - Intelligence Tests
KW  - Language Tests
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Models, Psychological
KW  - Occupations
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :30
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 12648389
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Rabbitt, P.; Age/Cogn. Perf. Research Centre, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; email: rabbit@psy.man.ac.uk
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Birren, J.E., Psychological aspects of aging: Intellectual functioning (1968) Gerontologist, 8, pp. 16-23; 
Heim, A.W., (1970) The AH 4 Group Test of Intelligence, , Windsor, UK: NFER-Nelson; 
Horn, J.L., The theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence in relation to concepts of cognitive psychology and aging in adulthood (1982) Aging and Cognitive Processes, pp. 48-96. , F. I. M. Craik & S. Trehub (Eds.). Boston, MA: Plenum; 
Houx, P.J., Vreeling, F.W., Jolles, J., Age-associated cognitive decline is related to biological life-events (1991) Alzheimer's Disease: Basic Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies, pp. 353-359. , K. Iqbal, D. R. C. McLachlan, B. Winblad, & H. M. Wisniewski (Eds.). Chichester, UK: Wiley; 
Jensen, A.R., Chronometric analysis of mental ability (1980) Journal of Social and Biological Structures, 3, pp. 181-224; 
Jensen, A.R., Whang, P.A., Reaction times and intelligence: A comparison of Chinese-American and Anglo-American children (1993) Journal of Biosocial Science, 25, pp. 397-410; 
Leon, D.A., Reduced foetal growth rate and increased risk of death from ischaemic heart disease: A cohort study of 15,000 Swedish men and women born 1915-29 (1998) British Medical Journal, 317 (7153), pp. 241-245; 
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Rabbitt, P., Does it all go together when it goes? (1993) Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 46 (A), pp. 385-433; 
Rabbitt, P.M., Donlan, C., Bent, N., McInnes, L., Abson, V., The University of Manchester Age and Cognitive Performance Research Centre and North East Age Research longitudinal programmes 1982 to 1997 (1993) Zeifschrift für Gerontologie, 26, pp. 176-183; 
Raven, J.C., (1965) The Mitt Hill Vocabulary Scale, , London: Lewis; 
Snowden, D.A., Kemper, S.J., Mortimer, J.A., Greinier, L.H., Wekstein, D.R., Markesbery, W.R., Linguistic ability in early life and cognitive function and Alzheimer's disease in later life: Findings from the nun study (1996) Journal of the American Medical Association, 21, pp. 528-532; 
Snowden, D.A., Ostwald, S.K., Kane, R.E.L., Keenan, N.L., Years of life with good and poor mental and physical function in the elderly (1989) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 42, pp. 1055-1066; 
Sorensenson, H.T., Birthweight and cognition: A historical cohort study (1997) British Medical Journal, 315 (7105), pp. 401-403; 
Vemon, P.A., Speed of information processing and intelligence (1983) Intelligence, 7, pp. 53-70
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0041696567&doi=10.1348%2f000712603762842101&partnerID=40&md5=95cb9ee96ffc38f41a36fa871d77a7ad
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Practice parameter: Treatment of the child with a first unprovoked seizure: Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society
T2  - Neurology
J2  - Neurology
VL  - 60
IS  - 2
SP  - 166
EP  - 175
PY  - 2003
SN  - 00283878 (ISSN) 
AU  - Hirtz, D.
AU  - Berg, A.
AU  - Bettis, D.
AU  - Camfield, C.
AU  - Camfield, P.
AU  - Crumrine, P.
AU  - Gaillard, W.D.
AU  - Schneider, S.
AU  - Shinnar, S.
AD  - Natl. Inst. Neurol. Disorders/Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
AD  - Department of Pediatric Neurology, IWK Health Center, Halifax, NS, Canada
AD  - Department of Neurology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
AD  - Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
AD  - American Academy of Neurology, 1080 Montreal Ave., St. Paul, MN 55116, United States
AB  - The Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society develop practice parameters as strategies for patient management based on analysis of evidence regarding risks and benefits. This parameter reviews published literature relevant to the decision to begin treatment after a child or adolescent experiences a first unprovoked seizure and presents evidence-based practice recommendations. Reasons why treatment may be considered are discussed. Evidence is reviewed concerning risk of recurrence as well as effect of treatment on prevention of recurrence and development of chronic epilepsy. Studies of side effects of anticonvulsants commonly used to treat seizures in children are also reviewed. Relevant articles are classified according to the Quality Standards Subcommittee classification scheme. Treatment after a first unprovoked seizure appears to decrease the risk of a second seizure, but there are few data from studies involving only children. There appears to be no benefit of treatment with regard to the prognosis for long-term seizure remission. Antiepileptic drugs (AED) carry risks of side effects that are particularly important in children. The decision as to whether or not to treat children and adolescents who have experienced a first unprovoked seizure must be based on a risk-benefit assessment that weighs the risk of having another seizure against the risk of chronic AED therapy. The decision should be individualized and take into account both medical issues and patient and family preference.
KW  - anticonvulsive agent
KW  - carbamazepine
KW  - diazepam
KW  - felbamate
KW  - lamotrigine
KW  - oxcarbazepine
KW  - phenobarbital
KW  - phenytoin
KW  - topiramate
KW  - valproic acid
KW  - zonisamide
KW  - abdominal pain
KW  - alopecia
KW  - anhidrosis
KW  - anorexia
KW  - anticonvulsant therapy
KW  - aplastic anemia
KW  - appetite disorder
KW  - ataxia
KW  - behavior disorder
KW  - blood dyscrasia
KW  - bone marrow toxicity
KW  - childhood disease
KW  - chronic disease
KW  - clinical practice
KW  - clinical trial
KW  - cognitive defect
KW  - decision making
KW  - depression
KW  - drowsiness
KW  - drug indication
KW  - epilepsy
KW  - evidence based medicine
KW  - gingiva hyperplasia
KW  - headache
KW  - health care quality
KW  - hirsutism
KW  - human
KW  - hyperkinesia
KW  - hyperthermia
KW  - hyponatremia
KW  - irritability
KW  - liver toxicity
KW  - medical literature
KW  - medical society
KW  - nausea
KW  - nephrolithiasis
KW  - patient care
KW  - practice guideline
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prognosis
KW  - rash
KW  - recurrent disease
KW  - review
KW  - risk benefit analysis
KW  - seizure
KW  - sleep disorder
KW  - somnolence
KW  - Stevens Johnson syndrome
KW  - treatment outcome
KW  - treatment planning
KW  - tremor
KW  - vertigo
KW  - weight gain
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Anticonvulsants
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Drug Eruptions
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Recurrence
KW  - Remission Induction
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Seizures
KW  - Sleep Stages
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :141
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: NEURA
C2  - 12552027
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hirtz, D.; American Academy of Neurology, 1080 Montreal Ave., St. Paul, MN 55116, United States; email: wedlund@aan.com
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: carbamazepine, 298-46-4, 8047-84-5; diazepam, 439-14-5; felbamate, 25451-15-4; lamotrigine, 84057-84-1; oxcarbazepine, 28721-07-5; phenobarbital, 50-06-6, 57-30-7, 8028-68-0; phenytoin, 57-41-0, 630-93-3; topiramate, 97240-79-4; valproic acid, 1069-66-5, 99-66-1; zonisamide, 68291-97-4; Anticonvulsants
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Shinnar, S., Berg, A.T., Moshe, S.L., The risk of seizure recurrence after a first unprovoked febrile seizure in childhood: An extended follow-up (1996) Pediatrics, 98, pp. 216-225; 
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Shinnar, S., Berg, A.T., O'Dell, C., Newstein, D., Moshe, S.L., Hauser, W.A., Predictors of multiple seizures in a cohort of children prospectively followed from the time of their first unprovoked seizure (2000) Ann Neurol, 48, pp. 140-147; 
Boulloche, J., Leloup, P., Mallet, E., Parain, D., Tron, P., Risk of recurrence after a single, unprovoked, generalized tonic-clonic seizure (1989) Dev Med Child Neurol, 31, pp. 626-632; 
Camfield, P.R., Camfield, C.S., Dooley, J.M., Tibbles, J.A.R., Fung, T., Garner, B., Epilepsy after a first unprovoked seizure in childhood (1985) Neurology, 35, pp. 1657-1660; 
Annegers, J.F., Shirts, S.B., Hauser, W.A., Kurland, L.T., Risk of recurrence after an initial unprovoked seizure (1986) Epilepsia, 27, pp. 43-50; 
Hart, Y.M., Sander, J.W.A.S., Johnson, A.L., Shorvon, S.D., National general practice study of epilepsy: Recurrence after a first seizure (1990) Lancet, 336, pp. 1271-1274; 
Martinovic, Z., Jovic, N., Seizure recurrence after a first generalized tonicclonic seizure in children, adolescents and young adults (1997) Seizure, 6, pp. 461-465; 
Berg, A.T., Shinnar, S., Levy, S.R., Testa, F.M., Smith-Rapaport, S., Beckerman, B., Early development of intractable epilepsy in children: A prospective study (2001) Neurology, 56, pp. 1445-1452; 
Berg, A.T., Shinnar, S., The risk of seizure recurrence following a first unprovoked seizure: A quantitative review (1991) Neurology, 41, pp. 965-972; 
Shinnar, S., Berg, A.T., Moshe, S.L., Shinnar, R., How long do new-onset seizures in children last? (2001) Ann Neurol, 49, pp. 659-664; 
Dodson, W.E., De Lorenzo, P.J., Pedley, T.A., Shinnar, S., Treiman, D.M., Wannamaker, D.B., The treatment of convulsive status epilepticus: Recommendations of the Epilepsy Foundation of America's Working Group on Status Epilepticus (1993) JAMA, 270, pp. 854-859; 
Chandra, B., First seizure in adults: To treat or not to treat (1992) Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 94, pp. S61-S63; 
Musicco, M., Beghi, E., Solari, A., Viani, F., Treatment of first tonic-clonic seizure does not improve the prognosis of epilepsy (1997) Neurology, 49, pp. 991-998; 
Das, C.P., Sawhney, I.M.S., Lal, V., Prabhakar, S., Risk of recurrence of seizures following single unprovoked idiopathic seizure (2000) Neurol India, 48, pp. 357-360; 
Camfield, P., Camfield, C., Dooley, J., Smith, E., Garner, B., A randomized study of carbamazepine versus no medication after a first unprovoked seizure in childhood (1989) Neurology, 39, pp. 851-852; 
Hirtz, D.G., Ellenberg, J.H., Nelson, K.B., The risk of recurrence of nonfebrile seizures in children (1984) Neurology, 34, pp. 637-641; 
Camfield, P.R., Camfield, C.S., Dooley, J.M., Smith, S., Smith, E., Long-term outcome is unchanged by anti-epileptic drug treatment after a first seizure: A 15-year follow-up from a randomized trial in childhood (2002) Epilepsia, 43, pp. 662-663; 
Behavioral and cognitive effects of anticonvulsant therapy (RE9537) (1995) Pediatrics, 96, pp. 538-540; 
Yerby, M.S., Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs: What do we advise patients? (1997) Epilepsia, 38, pp. 957-958; 
The cognitive and behavioral effects of clobazam and standard monotherapy are comparable (1999) Epilepsy Res, 33, pp. 133-143; 
Clobazam has equivalent efficacy to carbamazepine and phenytoin as monotherapy for childhood epilepsy (1998) Epilepsia, 39, pp. 952-959; 
Vining, E.P., Mellits, E.D., Dorsen, M.M., Psychologic and behavioral effects of antiepileptic drugs in children: A double-blind comparison between phenobarbital and valproic acid (1987) Pediatrics, 80, pp. 165-174; 
Chen, Y.J., Kang, W.M., So, W.C.M., Comparison of antiepileptic drugs on cognitive function in newly diagnosed epileptic children: A psychometric and neurophysiological study (1996) Epilepsia, 37, pp. 81-86; 
Berg, I., Butler, A., Ellis, M., Foster, J., Psychiatric aspects of epilepsy in childhood treated with carbamazepine, phenytoin or sodium valproate: A random trial (1993) Dev Med Child Neurol, 35, pp. 149-157; 
Forsythe, I., Butler, R., Berg, I., McGuire, R., Cognitive impairment in new cases of epilepsy randomly assigned to carbamazepine, phenytoin and sodium valproate (1991) Dev Med Child Neurol, 33, pp. 524-534; 
Thilothammal, N., Banu, K., Tatnam, R.S., Comparison of phenobarbitone, phenytoin with sodium valproate: Randomized, double-blind study (1996) Indian Pediatr, 33, pp. 549-555; 
Aman, M.G., Werry, J.S., Paxton, J.W., Turbott, S.H., Effects of phenytoin on cognitive-motor performance in children as a function of drug concentration, seizure type, and time of medication (1994) Epilepsia, 35, pp. 172-180; 
Aman, M.G., Werry, J.S., Paxton, J.W., Turbott, S.H., Steward, A.W., Effects of carbamazepine on psychomotor performance in children as a function of drug concentration, seizure type, and time of medication (1990) Epilepsia, 31, pp. 51-60; 
Aman, M.G., Werry, J.S., Paxton, J.W., Turbott, S.H., Effect of sodium valproate on psychomotor performance in children as a function of dose, fluctuations in concentration, and diagnosis (1987) Epilepsia, 28, pp. 115-124; 
De Silva, M., MacArdle, B., McGowan, M., Randomised comparative monotherapy trial of phenobarbitone, phenytoin, carbamazepine, or sodium valproate for newly diagnosed childhood epilepsy (1996) Lancet, 347, pp. 709-713; 
Calandre, E.P., Dominguez-Granados, R., Gomez-Rubio, M., Molina-Font, J.A., Cognitive effects of long-term treatment with phenobarbital and valproic acid in school children (1990) Acta Neurol Scand, 81, pp. 504-506; 
Williams, J., Bates, S., Griebel, M.L., Does short-term antiepileptic drug treatment in children result in cognitive or behavioral changes? (1998) Epilepsia, 39, pp. 1064-1069; 
Stores, G., Williams, P.L., Styles, E., Zaiwalla, Z., Psychological effects of sodium valproate and carbamazepine in epilepsy (1992) Arch Dis Child, 67, pp. 1330-1337; 
Mandelbaum, D.E., Burack, G.D., The effect of seizure type and medication on cognitive and behavioral functioning in children with idiopathic epilepsy (1997) Dev Med Child Neurol, 39, pp. 731-735; 
Verity, C.M., Hosking, G., Easter, D.J., A multicentre comparative trial of sodium valproate and carbamazepine in pediatric epilepsy (1995) Dev Med Child Neurol, 37, pp. 97-108; 
Prasad, A.N., Setfanelli, M., Nagarajan, L., Seizure exacerbation and developmental regression with carbamazepine (1998) Can J Neurol Sci, 25, pp. 287-294; 
Dreifuss, F.E., Langer, D.H., Moline, K.A., Maxwell, J.E., Valproic acid hepatic fatalities. II. US experience since 1984 (1989) Neurology, 39, pp. 201-207; 
Dreifuss, F.E., Rosman, N.P., Cloyd, J.C., A comparison of rectal diazepam gel and placebo for acute repetitive seizures (1998) N Engl J Med, 338, pp. 1869-1875; 
Morton, L.D., Rizkallah, E., Pellock, J., New drug therapy for acute seizure management (1997) Semin Pediatr Neurol, 4, pp. 51-63; 
Jacobs, M.P., Fischbach, G.D., Davis, M.R., Future directions for epilepsy research (2001) Neurology, 57, pp. 1536-1542
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037469218&partnerID=40&md5=f082713f9ed3ef3ef179e1958eaf2bb8
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mothers with living children and children with living mothers: the role of fertility and mortality in the period 1911-2050.
T2  - Population trends
J2  - Popul Trends
IS  - 112
SP  - 36
EP  - 44
PY  - 2003
SN  - 03074463 (ISSN) 
AU  - Murphy, M.
AU  - Grundy, E.
AD  - Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics.
AB  - Whether an individual has one or more surviving children at a given age and/or a surviving parent depends both on fertility (not only number of children, but also timing of childbearing) and mortality. We consider the contribution of changes in mortality and fertility to past and likely future trends on availability of such kin. The proportion of people aged 60 with a mother alive will more than double between those born in 1911 and 1970, and the figure will increase for at least the next 30 years. While there are increasing concerns about the availability of informal care for elderly people from children in the next quarter century or so, in fact we conclude that a higher proportion of elderly people are likely to have a surviving child than for any generation ever born in Britain, and will have more than any foreseeable future cohort.
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - demography
KW  - family size
KW  - female
KW  - fertility
KW  - human
KW  - middle aged
KW  - mortality
KW  - mother
KW  - probability
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Demography
KW  - Family Characteristics
KW  - Female
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Mothers
KW  - Probability
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
N1  - Cited By :26
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 12870428
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Murphy, M.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0142090467&partnerID=40&md5=80e7d91f2f667a2d54254aa6210b3097
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Angiosarcoma of the breast: A 30 year perspective with an optimistic outlook
T2  - British Journal of Plastic Surgery
J2  - Br. J. Plast. Surg.
VL  - 56
IS  - 2
SP  - 129
EP  - 134
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1016/S0007-1226(03)00025-0
SN  - 00071226 (ISSN) 
AU  - Georgiannos, S.N.
AU  - Sheaff, M.
AD  - Department of Academic Surgery, Barts and the London NHS Trust, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Histopathology, Barts and the London NHS Trust, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom
AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and clinicopathological features of angiosarcoma of the breast by focusing on those cases passing through a busy general teaching hospital over a 30 year period. A search was carried out of all cases in the files of the Department of Pathology of the Royal London Hospital from 1970 to 2000. Four cases were identified as primary angiosarcomas involving the breast. The medical and surgical histories, macroscopic and microscopic features and clinical outcome with long-term follow-up are described in each case. Similarities were identified, such as initial presentation with a 'bruise' and a latent period before the diagnosis was established. Half of our cases followed irradiation for breast cancer. In all cases the prognosis after surgery was excellent. The rarity of primary mammary angiosarcoma was confirmed. In younger patients the lesion was not associated with previous radiotherapy, but the older patients presented after radiotherapy for adenocarcinoma of the breast. Although very uncommon, these tumours must be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially with the increasing use of fine-needle-aspiration and core biopsy for preoperative diagnosis. The prognosis after complete surgical excision may be better than generally believed. © 2003 The British Association of Plastic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Angiosarcoma
KW  - Breast
KW  - Radiotherapy
KW  - antineoplastic agent
KW  - adult
KW  - anamnesis
KW  - angiosarcoma
KW  - article
KW  - aspiration biopsy
KW  - breast adenocarcinoma
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - case report
KW  - differential diagnosis
KW  - excision
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - histopathology
KW  - human
KW  - human tissue
KW  - long term care
KW  - mammography
KW  - mastectomy
KW  - microscopy
KW  - pathology
KW  - preoperative evaluation
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prognosis
KW  - teaching hospital
KW  - United Kingdom
PB  - Churchill Livingstone
N1  - Cited By :39
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJPSA
C2  - 12791356
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Sheaff, M.; Department of Histopathology, Barts and the London NHS Trust, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London E1 1BB, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Rosen, P.P., Oberman, H.A., Tumors of the mammary gland (1993) Atlas of Tumor Pathology, , third series, fascicle 7, Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; 
Georgiannos, S.N., Chin Aleong, J., Goode, A.W., Sheaff, M., Secondary neoplasms of the breast: A survey of the 20th century (2001) Cancer, 92, pp. 2259-2266; 
Parkin, D.M., Laara, E., Muir, C.S., Estimates of the worldwide, frequency of sixteen major cancers in 1980 (1988) Int. J. Cancer, 41, pp. 184-197; 
Number of female deaths from cancer by site and age, England and Wales, 1999 (2001), Cancer Trends in England and Wales 1950-1999, Department of Health, London: Department of Health; Aydogdu, M., Trams, G., Angiosarcoma of the breast after conservatively operated breast carcinoma - A sequela of adjuvant radiotherapy? (1996) Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 56, pp. 60-62; 
Britt, L.D., Lambert, P., Sharma, R., Ladaga, L.E., Angiosarcoma of the breast. Initial misdiagnosis is still common (1995) Arch. Surg., 130, pp. 221-223; 
Zincone, G.E., Perego, P., Rossi, G.M., Bovo, G., A case of breast angiosarcoma: Diagnostic imaging and review of the literature (1995) Tumori, 81, pp. 387-396; 
Elwady, N., Ousehal, A., Alibon, F., Tazi, Z., Boukind, H., Kadiri, R., Angiosarcoma of the breast. Radiological aspects. About one case (2000) J. Radiol., 81, pp. 50-53; 
Mansouri, H., Jalil, A., Chouhou, L., A rare case of angiosarcoma of the breast in a man: Case report (2000) Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol., 21, pp. 603-604; 
Sheaff, M., Baithun, S., Pathological effects of ionizing radiation (1997) Curr. Diagn. Pathol., 4, pp. 106-115; 
Fineberg, S., Rosen, P.P., Cutaneous angiosarcoma and atypical vascular lesions of the skin and breast after radiation therapy for breast carcinoma (1994) Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 102, pp. 757-763; 
Parham, D.M., Fisher, C., Angiosarcomas of the breast developing post radiotherapy (1997) Histopathology, 31, pp. 189-195; 
Autio, P., Kariniemi, A.L., Angiosarcoma. A rare secondary malignancy after breast cancer treatment (1999) Eur. J. Dermatol., 9, pp. 118-121; 
Majeski, J., Austin, R.M., Fitzgerald, R.H., Cutaneous angiosarcoma in an irradiated breast after breast conservation therapy for cancer: Association with chronic breast lymphedema (2000) J. Surg. Oncol., 74, pp. 208-212; 
Cozen, W., Bernstein, L., Wang, F., The risk of angiosarcoma following primary breast cancer (1999) Br. J. Cancer, 81, pp. 532-536; 
Huang, J., Mackillop, W.J., Increased risk of soft tissue sarcoma after radiotherapy in women with breast cancer (2001) Cancer, 92, pp. 172-180; 
Benda, J.A., Al-Jurf, A.S., Benson A.B. III, Angiosarcoma of the breast following segmental mastectomy complicated by lymphedema (1987) Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 87, pp. 651-655; 
Bolin, D.J., Lukas, G.M., Low-grade angiosarcoma of the breast following radiotherapy (1996) Am. Surg., 62, pp. 668-672; 
Moskaluk, C.A., Merino, M.J., Danforth, D.N., Medeiros, L.J., Low-grade angiosarcoma of the skin of the breast: A complication of lumpectomy and radiation therapy for breast carcinoma (1992) Hum. Pathol., 23, pp. 710-714; 
Vesoulis, Z., Cunliffe, C., Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of postradiation epithelioid angiosarcoma of breast (2000) Diagn. Cytopathol., 22, pp. 172-175; 
Gupta, R.K., Naran, S., Dowle, C., Needle aspiration cytology and immunocytochemical study in a case of angiosarcoma of the breast (1991) Diagn. Cytopathol., 7, pp. 363-365; 
Rosen, P.P., Vascular tumors of the breast: III. Angiomatosis (1985) Am. J. Surg. Pathol., 9, pp. 652-658; 
Guillou, L., Fletcher, C.D., Benign lymphangioendothelioma (acquired progressive lymphangioma): A lesion not to be confused with well-differentiated angiosarcoma and patch stage Kaposi's sarcoma: Clinicopathologic analysis of a series (2000) Am. J. Surg. Pathol., 24, pp. 1047-1057; 
Fisher, C.J., Hanby, A.M., Robinson, L., Millis, R.R., Mammary hamartoma - A review of 35 cases (1992) Histopathology, 20, pp. 99-106; 
Silverman, L.R., Deligdisch, L., Mandeli, J., Greenspan, E.M., Chemotherapy for angiosarcoma of the breast: Case report of 30-year survival and analysis of the literature (1994) Cancer Invest., 12, pp. 145-155; 
Rosen, P.P., Kimmel, M., Ernsberger, D., Mammary angiosarcoma. The prognostic significance of tumor differentiation (1988) Cancer, 62, pp. 2145-2151; 
Merino, M.J., Carter, D., Berman, M., Angiosarcoma of the breast (1983) Am. J. Surg. Pathol., 7, pp. 53-60; 
Donnell, R.M., Rosen, P.P., Lieberman, P.H., Angiosarcoma and other vascular tumors of the breast (1981) Am. J. Surg. Pathol., 5, pp. 629-642; 
Azzopardi, J.G., Problems in Breast Pathology. Major Problems in Pathology, 11 (1979), London: WB Saunders; Bundred, N.J., O'Reilly, K., Smart, J.G., Long term survival following bilateral breast angiosarcoma (1989) Eur. J. Surg. Oncol., 15, pp. 263-264
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038819598&doi=10.1016%2fS0007-1226%2803%2900025-0&partnerID=40&md5=0d2749e53d9b1bbdad3da22c81012d1d
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Oral metastases: Report of 24 cases
T2  - British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
J2  - Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
SP  - 3
EP  - 6
PY  - 2003
DO  - 10.1016/S0266-4356(02)00301-7
SN  - 02664356 (ISSN) 
AU  - van der Waal, R.I.F.
AU  - Buter, J.
AU  - van der Waal, I.
AD  - Dept. Oral/Max. Surg./Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Centre/ACTA, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Centre/ACTA, Amsterdam, Netherlands
AB  - Aim: To study patients with oral metastatic tumours for the distribution of sex and age, the oral site and histopathological type of the metastasis, the primary tumour site and length of follow-up. Patients and methods: All patients who had an oral metastasis diagnosed during the period January 1970-January 2001 at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, were included in this retrospective case study. Results: Of 1537 patients with newly diagnosed oral cancers, 24 had metastatic tumours. There was an equal sex distribution and age at the time of diagnosis ranged from 8 to 90 years (median 60). The metastatic tumours most commonly involved the bone (18/24), the mandible being the most common (15/18). The predominant histological type was adenocarcinoma. In most patients (n = 16) the primary tumour was already known before the oral metastatic lesion appeared. The most common primary tumours were breast, lung, kidney, and prostate, in that order. Prognosis was poor (median survival 6 months, range 1-60). Conclusions: Oral metastases are rare and may present at any age in both sexes and predominantly involve bony structures, particularly the mandible. A third of oral metastases appeared to be the first indication of an occult malignant process elsewhere. © 2003 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - adenocarcinoma
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - bone metastasis
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - cancer localization
KW  - cancer survival
KW  - clinical article
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - gender
KW  - histopathology
KW  - human
KW  - kidney cancer
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - male
KW  - mandible cancer
KW  - metastasis
KW  - mouth cancer
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - prognosis
KW  - prostate cancer
KW  - retrospective study
KW  - school child
PB  - Churchill Livingstone
N1  - Cited By :156
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJOSE
C2  - 12576032
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: van der Waal, I.; Dept. Oral/Max. Surg./Oral Pathology, VU University Medical Centre/ACTA, P.O. Box 1007, 1007 MB Amsterdam, Netherlands; email: i.vanderwaal@vumc.nl
N1  - Funding details: National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Health
N1  - Funding details: National Institutes of Health, National Institutes of Health
N1  - Funding text: Acknowledgements We thank Mrs M.J. Oostindiër, Comprehensive Cancer Centre West, Leiden, The Netherlands, and Ms E.A. van der Wilk, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands, for providing detailed figures for the incidence of cancer as well as for valuable discussion. The authors have no conflict of interest or funding sources to disclose.
N1  - References: Parkin, D.M., Whelan, S.L., Ferlay, J., Raymond, L., Young, J., (1997) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, 7. , eds. Lyon: International Association of Cancer Registries; 
Ferlay, J., Bray, F., Pisani, P., Parkin, D.M., Globocan 2000. Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide (2001), Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer Press; Hirshberg, A., Leibovich, P., Buchner, A., Metastases to the oral mucosa: Analysis of 157 cases (1993) J. Oral. Pathol. Med., 22, pp. 380-385; 
Hirshberg, A., Leibovich, P., Buchner, A., Metastatic tumors to the jawbones: Analysis of 390 cases (1994) J. Oral. Pathol. Med., 23, pp. 337-341; 
Hanahan, D., Weinberg, R.A., The hallmarks of cancer (2000) Cell, 100, pp. 57-70; 
Hirshberg, A., Buchner, A., Metastatic tumours to the oral region. An overview (1995) Oral. Oncol., 31, pp. 355-360; 
van der Waal, I., van der Kwast, W.A.M., Jaw metastases (1974) Oral. Surg. Oral. Med. Oral. Pathol., 37, pp. 850-857; 
Visser, O., Coebergh, J.W.W., Schouten, L.J., van Dijck, J.A.A.M., (2001) Incidence of Cancer in The Netherlands 1997, , eds. Utrecht: Association of Comprehensive Cancer Centres; 
Kuttan, N.A., Rosin, M.P., Ambika, K., Priddy, R.W., Bhakthan, N.M., Zhang, L., High prevalence of expression of p53 oncoprotein in oral carcinomas associated with betel and tobacco chewing (1995) Eur. J. Cancer B. Oral. Oncol., 31, pp. 169-173
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Equality and opportunity in education: Evidence from the 1958 and 1970 birth cohort studies
T2  - Oxford Review of Education
J2  - Oxf. Rev. Educ.
VL  - 28
IS  - 4
SP  - 405
EP  - 425
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1080/0305498022000013599
SN  - 03054985 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bynner, J.
AU  - Joshi, H.
AD  - Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, University of London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom
AB  - There is controversy about whether inequalities and educational outcomes are increasing or decreasing. Using longitudinal data collected in two birth cohort studies started in 1970 and 1958 respectively, the paper examines the evidence in relation to two outcomes, probability of leaving school at 16 and highest qualification achieved. Multi-variate analysis (logistic and OLS regression) was used to model the relationships of these educational outcomes to family social class, taking account of a wide range of early life variables, including living in an urban as opposed to rural location. It is concluded that the impact of social class on educational achievement has not changed across the 12 years covered by the two studies, a result that applies in both rural and urban areas of Britain.
N1  - Cited By :62
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Bynner, J.; Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, University of London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Atkinson, A.B., Social exclusion, poverty and unemployment (1997) CASE paper, 4, pp. 1-20. , A.B. Atkinson & J. Hills (Eds) Exclusion, Employment and Opportunity, London, Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics and Political Science; 
Bernstein, B., Davies, B.C., Some sociological comments on Plowden (1969) Perspectives on Plowden, , London, Routledge & Kegan Paul; 
Bourdieu, P., Passeron, J.-C., (1977) Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture, , Beverley Hills, CA, Sage; 
Bowles, S., Gintis, H., (1976) Schooling in Capitalist America, , London, Routledge & Kegan Paul; 
Breen, R., The persistence of class origin inequalities among school leavers in the Republic of Ireland, 1984-1993 (1998) British Journal of Sociology, 49, pp. 275-298; 
Breen, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., Class inequality and meritocracy: A critique of Saunders and an alternative analysis (1999) British Journal of Sociology, 50, pp. 1-27; 
Breen, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., Class, mobility and merit: The experience of two British birth cohorts (1999) European Sociological Review, 17, pp. 81-101; 
Brooks-Gunn, J., Berlin, L.J., (2000) Profile and Synthesis of Initiatives Addressing Children's Early Education and Development; 
Bynner, J., Joshi, H., Satsas, M., (2000) Obstacles and Opportunities on the Route to Adulthood. Evidence from rural and urban Britain, , London, Smith Institute; 
Bynner, J., Childhood risks and protective factors in social exclusion (2001) Children and Society, 15, pp. 285-301; 
Bynner, J., Parsons, S., Qualifications, basic skills and accelerating social exclusion (2001) British Journal of Education and Work, 14, pp. 279-291; 
Bynner, J., Morphy, L., Parsons, S., Women, employment and skills (1997) Women and Skills, , H. METCALF (Ed.) (London, Policy Studies Institute); 
Bynner, J., Steedman, J., (1995) Difficulties with Basic Skills, , London, Basic Skills Agency; 
Champion, T., Internal migration and the spatial distribution of population (1989) The Changing Population in Britain, pp. 110-132. , H. JOSHI (Ed.); 
Chapman, P., Phimister, E., Shucksmith, M., Upward, R., Vera-Toscano, E., (1998) Poverty and Exclusion in Rural Britain: The dynamics of low income and employment, , York, Joseph Rowntree Trust; 
Cohen, J., Multiple regression as a general data-analytic system (1968) Psychological Bulletin, 70, pp. 426-443; 
Collins, R., (1979) The Credential Society, , New York, Academic Press; 
(2001) Early Head Start Strategies, , Washington DC, Department of Health and Human Services; 
Feinstein, L., (1998) Pre-School Educational Inequality? British Children in the 1970 Cohort, , Discussion Paper 404 (London, Centre for Economic Performance, The London School of Economics); 
Glass, N., Sure start: The development of an early intervention programme for young children in the United Kingdom (1999) Children and Society, 13, pp. 257-264; 
Graham, J., Bowling, B., Young people and crime (1995) Home Office Research Study, 145. , London, Home Office; 
Hakim, C., (1996) Key Issues in Women's Work, , London, Athlone; 
Halsey, A.H., (1972) Educational Priority: Problems and policies, , London, HMSO; 
Handy, C., (1984) The Future of Work, , Oxford, Blackwell; 
Jencks, C., (1972) Inequality: An assessment of the effect of family and schooling in America, , New York, Basic Books; 
Joshi, H., Cooksey, E., Wiggins, R.D., McCulloch, A., Verropoulou, G., Clarke, L., Diverse family living situations and child development: A multi-level analysis comparing longitudinal evidence from Britain and the United States (1999) International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, 13, pp. 292-314; 
McCulloch, A., Joshi, H.E., Neighbourhood and family influences on the cognitive ability of children in the british national child development study (2001) Social Science and Medicine, 53 (5), pp. 579-591; 
Parsons, S., Bynner, J., (1998) Influences on Adult Basic Skills, , London, Basic Skills Agency; 
Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, J., (1991) Health and Glass: The early years, , London, Chapman Hall; 
Rake, K., (2000) Women's Incomes over the Lifetime, , London, The Cabinet Office/Stationery Office; 
Roberts, K., (1984) School Leavers and their Prospects, , Milton Keynes, Open University Press; 
Saunders, P., (1996) Unequal but Fair? A study of class barriers in Britain, , London, International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA); 
Saunders, P., Social mobility in Britain: An empirical evaluation of two competing theories (1997) Sociology, 31, pp. 261-288; 
(1999) Bridging the Gap: New Opportunities for 16-18 Year-Olds Not in Education Employment or Training, , London, The Stationery Office; 
(2000) Report of Policy Action Team 12: Young People, , London, the Stationery Office; 
Tawney, R.H., (1952) Equality, 4th edn, , London, Capricorn
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036887826&doi=10.1080%2f0305498022000013599&partnerID=40&md5=1c09387fa7f77aeb27a4a5d43ba861df
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Programme sensitivity and effectiveness of mammography service screening in Helsinki, Finland
T2  - Journal of Medical Screening
J2  - J. Med. Screen.
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
SP  - 153
EP  - 158
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1136/jms.9.4.153
SN  - 09691413 (ISSN) 
AU  - Anttila, A.
AU  - Koskela, J.
AU  - Hakama, M.
AD  - Finnish Cancer Registry, Liisankatu 21 B, FIN-O0170 Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Helsinki City Health Department, Helsinki, Finland
AD  - University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
AB  - Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of mammography service screening. Setting: Helsinki (population 0.5 million), the capital of Finland, the breast cancer service screening programme was started gradually in 1986. Materials and methods: The study was based on the data from the breast cancer screening programme in Helsinki. All incident cases of breast cancer and rates in the female population in Helsinki during the period 1970-97, and information on the subsequent breast cancer mortality were derived from the files of the Finnish Cancer Registry. To estimate the sensitivity of the programme, the number of screen detected cancers were compared with the overall number of breast cancers at the targeted age groups. Effects of screening were estimated for cumulative incidence and for the refined mortalities among the birth cohorts screened. Results: Altogether 144 400 invitations had been sent during 1986-97 among the 50-9 year old women as targeted in Helsinki. The average attendance rate was 82%; and 545 breast cancers were detected by screening, with a detection rate of 0.46%. In the birth cohort of women born between the start of 1935 and the end of 1939-namely, those subjected to most complete screening and long follow up time since the onset of the programme-there was an increase in the cumulative incidence of breast cancer (relative risk (RR) 1.18, 95% confidence interval (95% Cl) 1.09 to 1.27). The estimated sensitivity of the screening programme was 58%; and 53% if corrected for overdiagnosis. There was also a decrease of 19% (RR 0.81, 95% Cl 0.62 to 1.05) in the refined mortality within this screened birth cohort, compared with the death rate of women of comparable ages in the non-screened reference cohort. Conclusion: The study provides further support to the hypothesis that service screening with mammography reduces the risk of breast cancer mortality.
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - breast disease
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cancer registry
KW  - cancer screening
KW  - female
KW  - Finland
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - mammography
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - screening test
KW  - Breast Neoplasms
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Mammography
KW  - Mass Screening
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Program Evaluation
N1  - Cited By :42
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JMSCF
C2  - 12518004
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Anttila, A.; Finnish Cancer Registry, Liisankatu 21 B, FIN-O0170 Helsinki, Finland; email: ahti.anttila@cancer.fi
N1  - References: Nyström, L., Rutqvist, L., Wall, S., Breast cancer screening with mammography: Overview of Swedish randomised trials (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 973-978; 
Nyström, L., Andersson, I., Bjurstam, N., Long term effects of mammography screening: Updated overview of the Swedish randomised trials (2002) Lancet, 359, pp. 909-919; 
Wald, N.J., Chamberlain, J., Hackshaw, A., Consensus conference on breast cancer screening. Paris, 4-5 February, 1993. Report of the evaluation committee (1994) Bull Cancer, 81, pp. 825-834. , European Society of Mastology; 
Shapiro, S., Coleman, E.A., Broeders, M., Breast cancer screening programmes in 22 countries: Current policies, administration and guidelines (1998) Int J Epidemiol, 27, pp. 735-742; 
Hakama, M., Pukkala, E., Heikkilä, M., Effectiveness of the public health policy for breast cancer screening in Finland: Population based cohort study (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 864-867; 
Törnberg, S., Carstensen, J., Hakulinen, T., Evaluation of the effect on breast cancer mortality of population based mammography screening programmes (1994) J Med Screen, 1, pp. 184-187; 
Jonsson, H., Nyström, L., Törnberg, S., Service screening with mammography of women aged 50-69 years in Sweden: Effects on mortality from breast cancer (2001) J Med Screen, 8, pp. 152-160; 
Tabar, L., Vitak, B., Chen, H.H., Beyond randomized controlled trials: Organized mammographic screening substantially reduces breast carcinoma mortality (2001) Cancer, 91, pp. 1724-1731; 
McCann, J., Duffy, S., Day, N., Predicted long term mortality reduction associated with the second round of breast screening in East Anglia (2001) Br J Cancer, 84, pp. 423-428. , East Anglia Breast Screening Programme; 
Stockton, D., Davies, T., Day, N., Retrospective study of reasons for improved survival in patients with breast cancer in East Anglia: Earlier diagnosis or better treatment (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 472-475; 
Blanks, R.G., Moss, S.M., McGahan, C.E., Effect of NHS breast screening programme on mortality from breast cancer in England and Wales, 1990-8: Comparison of observed with predicted mortality (2000) BMJ, 321, pp. 665-669; 
Quinn, M., Allen, E., Changes in incidence of and mortality from breast cancer in England and Wales since introduction of screening (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 1391-1395. , United Kingdom Association of Cancer Registries; 
Landelijke evaluatie van bevolkingsonderzoek naar borstkanker in Nederland (2000) LETB, 8, pp. 1-93; 
Gotzsche, P., Olsen, O., Is screening for breast cancer with mammography justifiable? (2000) Lancet, 355, pp. 129-134; 
Gotzsche, P., Olsen, O., Screening for breast cancer with mammography (Cochrane Review) (2001) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 4. , CD001877; 
Teppo, L., Pukkala, E., Lehtonen, M., Data quality and quality control of a population-based cancer registry. Experience in Finland (1994) Acta Oncologica, 33, pp. 365-369; 
Gardner, M.J., Altman, D.G., (1989) Statistics with Confidence: Confidence Intervals and Statistical Guidelines, pp. 116-118. , London: BMJ Group; 
Mammography screening for breast cancer in Copenhagen April 1991 to March 1997 (1998) APMIS, 106 (SUPPL. 83), pp. 1-44. , H:S Copenhagen hospital corporation; 
Broeders, M., Peer, P., Straatman, H., Diverging breast cancer mortality rates in relation to screening? A comparison of Nijmegen to Arnhem and the Netherlands 1969-97 (2001) Int J Cancer, 92, pp. 303-308; 
Hakama, M., Pukkala, E., Söderman, B., Implementation of screening as a public health policy: Issues in design and evaluation (1999) J Med Screen, 6, pp. 209-216
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036977642&doi=10.1136%2fjms.9.4.153&partnerID=40&md5=6a8ab8c20b3068e7b3b07fa7bc52aaa0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Increased risk of childhood type 1 diabetes in children born after 1985
T2  - Diabetes Care
J2  - Diabetes Care
VL  - 25
IS  - 12
SP  - 2197
EP  - 2201
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.2337/diacare.25.12.2197
SN  - 01495992 (ISSN) 
AU  - Svensson, J.
AU  - Carstensen, B.
AU  - Molbak, A.
AU  - Christau, B.
AU  - Mortensen, H.B.
AU  - Nerup, J.
AU  - Borch-Johnsen, K.
AD  - Steno Diabetes Centre, Gentofte, Denmark
AD  - Steno Diabetes Centre, Niels Steensensvej 2, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark
AB  - OBJECTIVE - The incidence rate of childhood type 1 diabetes is thought to be increasing; however, Danish studies have not confirmed this. Using a national diabetes register initiated in 1996 and two previous regional incidence studies, we studied the age-specific incidence of type 1 diabetes over 30 years. Here, we describe the incidence rates of type 1 diabetes in Danish children from 1996 to 2000 and evaluate trends in age-specific incidence rates from 1970 to 2000. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - A nationwide registration of all newly diagnosed cases of type 1 diabetes among children under the age of 15 years was established in Denmark in 1996. Incidence rates of type 1 diabetes in Denmark were obtained from this register. Age-specific incidence rates were compared with data collected from 1970 to 1976 and from 1980 to 1984, both population-based studies using existing national routine registration of hospitalizations within the survey areas. Population data were obtained from Statistics Denmark. RESULTS - During the study period, 1,421 Danish children developed type 1 diabetes before the age of 15 years. The incidence rates by age-groups were: 12.7, 19.4, and 26.3 for the 0-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years age-groups, respectively, and 19.5 for the 0-14 years age-group per 100,000 in the period 1996-2000. An age-period-cohort analysis showed a modest drift effect (yearly increase) of 1.2% (0.7-1.8) from 1970 to 2000, and a significant birth cohort effect with an increased risk for children born after 1985 was observed. CONCLUSIONS - The incidence rate of type 1 diabetes is rising in children living in Denmark. The steep increase in the youngest age-group was explained by the increased risk for cohorts born at the beginning of the 1980s.
KW  - insulin
KW  - adolescent
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - Denmark
KW  - groups by age
KW  - hospitalization
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - information processing
KW  - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - risk factor
KW  - statistics
KW  - age
KW  - age distribution
KW  - Denmark
KW  - female
KW  - infant
KW  - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
KW  - male
KW  - migration
KW  - preschool child
KW  - register
KW  - statistical model
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Denmark
KW  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
KW  - Emigration and Immigration
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant
KW  - Male
KW  - Models, Statistical
KW  - Registries
KW  - Risk Factors
N1  - Cited By :60
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: DICAD
C2  - 12453960
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Svensson, J.; Steno Diabetes Centre, Niels Steensensvej 2, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark; email: jasv@novonordisk.com
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: insulin, 9004-10-8
N1  - References: Karvonen, M., Viik-Kajander, M., Moltchanova, E., Libman, I., LaPorte, R., Tuomilehto, J., Incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes worldwide: Diabetes Mondiale (Dia-Mond) Project Group (2000) Diabetes Care, 23, pp. 1516-1526; 
Onkamo, P., Vaananen, S., Karvonen, M., Tuomilehto, J., Worldwide increase in incidence of type I diabetes - The analysis of the data on published incidence trends (1999) Diabetologia, 42, pp. 1395-1403; 
Green, A., Patterson, C.C., Trends in the incidence of childhood-onset diabetes in Europe 1989-1998 (2001) Diabetologia, 44 (3 SUPPL.), pp. B3-B8; 
Green, A., Andersen, P.K., Svendsen, A.J., Mortensen, K., Increasing incidence of early onset type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: A study of Danish male birth cohorts (1992) Diabetologia, 35, pp. 178-182; 
Pociot, F., Norgaard, K., Hobolth, N., Andersen, O., Nerup, J., A nationwide population-based study of the familial aggregation of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Denmark: Danish Study Group of Diabetes in Childhood (1993) Diabetologia, 36, pp. 870-875; 
Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. I. Age-period and age-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 449-468; 
Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. II. Age-period-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 469-481; 
Molbak, A.G., Norgaard, K., Christau, B., Kjaer, M., Nerup, J., Incidence of type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Denmark: Evidence of secular trend (1987) Diabetologia, 30, pp. 559A; 
Christau, B., Kromann, H., Christy, M., Andersen, O., Ortved, Nerup, J., Incidence of childhood insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (0-29 years of onset) in Denmark (1976) Acta Med Scand, 624 (SUPPL.), pp. 54-60; 
Holford, T.R., Analysing the temporal effects of age, period and cohort (1992) Stat Methods Med Res, 1, pp. 317-337; 
Variation and trends in incidence of childhood diabetes in Europe: EURODIAB ACE Study Group (2000) Lancet, 355, pp. 873-876; 
Karvonen, M., Pitkaniemi, J., Tuomilehto, J., The onset age of type 1 diabetes in Finnish children has become younger (1999) Diabetes Care, 22, pp. 1066-1070; 
Nystrom, L., Dahlquist, G., Rewers, M., Wall, S., The Swedish childhood diabetes study: An analysis of the temporal variation in diabetes incidence 1978-1987 (1990) Int J Epidemiol, 19, pp. 141-146; 
Tuomilehto, J., Rewers, M., Reunanen, A., Lounamaa, P., Lounamaa, R., Tuomilehto-Wolf, E., Akerblom, H.K., Increasing trend in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in childhood in Finland: Analysis of age, calendar time and birth cohort effects during 1965 to 1984 (1991) Diabetologia, 34, pp. 282-287; 
Staines, A., Bodansky, H.J., Lilley, H.E., Stephenson, C., McNally, R.J., Cartwright, R.A., The epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in the United Kingdom: The Yorkshire Regional Childhood Diabetes Register (1993) Diabetologia, 36, pp. 1282-1287; 
Rewers, M., Stone, R.A., LaPorte, R.E., Drash, A.L., Becker, D.J., Walczak, M., Kuller, L.H., Poisson regression modelling of temporal variation in incidence of childhood insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, and Wielkopolska, Poland, 1970-1985 (1989) Am J Epidemiol, 129, pp. 569-581; 
Pundziute-Lycka, A., Dahlquist, G., Nystrom, L., Amqvist, H., Bjork, E., Blohme, G., Bolinder, J., Ostman, J., Type I diabetes in the 0-34 years group in Sweden (2002) Diabetologia, 45, pp. 783-791; 
Tuomilehto, J., Virtala, E., Karvonen, M., Lounamaa, R., Pitkaniemi, J., Reunanen, A., Tuomilehto-Wolf, E., Toivanen, L., Increase in incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among children in Finland (1995) Int J Epidemiol, 24, pp. 984-992; 
Stene, L.C., Magnus, P., Lie, R.T., Sovik, O., Joner, G., Birth weight and childhood onset type 1 diabetes: Population based cohort study (2001) Br Med J, 322, pp. 889-892; 
Dahlquist, G.G., Patterson, C., Soltesz, G., Perinatal risk factors for childhood type 1 diabetes in Europe: The EURODIAB Substudy 2 Study Group (1999) Diabetes Care, 22, pp. 1698-1702; 
Bache, I., Bock, T., Volund, A., Buschard, K., Previous maternal abortion, longer gestation, and younger maternal age decrease the risk of type 1 diabetes among male offspring (1999) Diabetes Care, 22, pp. 1063-1065; 
Patterson, C.C., Carson, D.J., Hadden, D.R., Waugh, N.R., Cole, S.K., A case-control investigation of perinatal risk factors for childhood IDDM in Northern Ireland and Scotland (1994) Diabetes Care, 17, pp. 376-381
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0242524331&doi=10.2337%2fdiacare.25.12.2197&partnerID=40&md5=29183956b7aa7c50549671d28024abad
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Gender wage differences in West Germany: A cohort analysis
T2  - German Economic Review
J2  - Ger. Econ. Rev.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
SP  - 379
EP  - 414
PY  - 2002
SN  - 14656485 (ISSN) 
AU  - Fitzenberger, B.
AU  - Wunderlich, G.
AD  - University of Mannheim, Germany
AD  - Center for European Economic Research, Germany
AB  - A comprehensive descriptive analysis of gender wage differences over a long time period does not exist for West Germany. Using an empirical approach which explicitly takes into account changes of wage distributions for both males and females as well as life-cycle and birth cohort effects, we go beyond conventional decomposition techniques of the average gender wage gap. The paper provides stylized facts of the level and dynamics of the gender wage gap from 1975-95. The empirical analysis is based upon the IAB employment subsample. Our findings confirm the importance of distributional effects relating to skill level and employment status. While life-cycle wage growth is in general much lower for females compared to males, comparing their estimated time trends implies that the gender wage gap has narrowed substantially in the lower part of the wage distribution especially for low-and medium-skilled females but much less so in the upper part of the wage distribution. Surprisingly, we do not find any cohort effects for wages of female employees.
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - gender disparity
KW  - wage determination
KW  - wage gap
KW  - Germany
N1  - Cited By :28
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Fitzenberger, B.; University of Mannheim, Department of Economics, Mannheim 68131, Germany; email: bernd.fitzenberger@vwl.uni-mannheim.de
N1  - References: Bender, S., Haas, A., Klose, C., The IAB employment subsample 1975-1995 (2000) Schmollers Jahrbuch, 120, pp. 649-662; 
Bender, S., Hilzendegen, J., Rohwer, G., Rudolph, H., Die IAB-Beschäftigtenstichprobe 1975-1990 (1996) Beiträge zur Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung, 197. , Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung der Bundesanstalt für Arbeit (IAB) Nürnberg; 
Blau, F., Kahn, L., Wage structure and gender earnings differentials: An international comparison (1996) Economica, 63, pp. S29-S62; 
Blau, F., Kahn, L., Swimming upstream: Trends in the gender wage differential in the 1980s (1997) Journal of Labor Economics, 15, pp. 1-42; 
Boockmann, B., Steiner, V., (2000) Cohort Effects and the Returns to Education in West Germany, , Discussion Paper No. 00-05, Center for European Economic Research (ZEW), Mannheim; 
Chamberlain, G., Quantile regression, censoring, and the structure of wages (1994) Advances in Econometrics: Sixth World Congress, 1. , C. Sims (ed.), Econometric Society Monograph; 
Fitzenberger, B., The moving blocks bootstrap and robust inference for linear least squares and quantile regressions (1998) Journal of Econometrics, 82, pp. 235-287; 
Fitzenberger, B., (1999) Wages and Employment Across Skill Groups: An Analysis for West Germany, , Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg; 
Fitzenberger, B., Hujer, R., MaCurdy, T., Schnabel, R., Testing for uniform wage trends in West Germany: A cohort analysis using quantile regressions for censored data (2001) Empirical Economics, 26, pp. 41-86; 
Gosling, A., Machin, S., Meghir, C., The changing distribution of male wages in the UK (2000) Review of Economic Studies, 67, pp. 635-666; 
Heckman, J.J., Robb, R., Using longitudinal data to estimate age, period and cohort effects in earnings equations (1985) Cohort Analysis in Social Research, , W. Mason and S. Fienberg (eds.), Academic Press, New York; 
Hunt, J., The transition in East Germany: When is a ten point fall in the gender wage gap bad news? (1997) NBER Working Paper No. 6167; 
Joshi, H., Paci, P., (1998) Unequal Pay for Women and Men: Evidence from the British Birth Cohort Studies, , MIT Press, Cambridge, MA; 
Koenker, R., Bassett, G., Regression quantiles (1978) Econometrica, 46, pp. 33-50; 
Kunze, A., (2000) Male-Female Wage Differentials - A Longitudinal Analysis of Young Skilled Workers in Germany, , Ph.D. thesis, Department of Economics, University College London; 
Lauer, Ch., (2000) Gender Wage Gap in West Germany: How Far Do Gender Differences in Human Capital Matter?, , Discussion Paper No. 00-07, Center for European Economic Research (ZEW), Mannheim; 
MaCurdy, T.E., Mroz, T., (1995) Measuring Macroeconomic Shifts in Wages from Cohort Specifications, , unpublished manuscript, Stanford University and University of North Carolina; 
Möller, J., Changes of the structure of wages and employment with respect to qualifications in Germany (1999) Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik, 219, pp. 8-31; 
(1993) Economic Outlook-Earnings Inequality: Changes in the 1980's, , OECD Ch. 5, OECD, Paris; 
(1996) Economic Outlook - Earnings Inequality, Low Paid Employment and Earnings Mobility, , OECD Ch. 3, OECD, Paris; 
(1999) Economic Outlook, , OECD OECD, Paris; 
Powell, J.L., Censored regression quantiles (1986) Journal of Econometrics, 32, pp. 143-155; 
Prey, H., (1999) Die Entwicklung der geschlechtsspezifischen Lohndifferenz in Westdeutschland 1984-96, , Diskussionspapier Nr. 57 des Forschungsinstituts für Arbeit und Arbeitsrecht an der Universität St. Gallen; 
Steiner, V., Lauer, Ch., (2000) Private Erträge von Bildungsinvestitionen in Deutschland, , Discussion Paper No. 00-18, Center for European Economic Research (ZEW), Mannheim; 
Steiner, V., Wagner, K., Has earnings inequality in Germany changed in the 1980's? (1998) Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften, 118 (1), pp. 29-59; 
Weiler, A., Zwischen Angleichung und Differenzierung - Entwicklung geschlechtsspezifischer Entgeltstrukturen in Westdeutschland (1997) WSI-Mitteilungen, 2, pp. 126-134
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Determinants for non-use of contraception at first intercourse; A study of 10,841 young Danish women from the general population
T2  - Contraception
J2  - Contraception
VL  - 66
IS  - 5
SP  - 345
EP  - 350
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1016/S0010-7824(02)00333-5
SN  - 00107824 (ISSN) 
AU  - Svare, E.I.
AU  - Kjaer, S.K.
AU  - Thomsen, B.L.
AU  - Bock, J.E.
AD  - Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Virus, Hormones and Cancer, Copenhagen, Denmark
AD  - Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
AB  - Based on interview data from 10,841 Danish women aged 20 to 29 years, determinants for non-use of contraception at first intercourse (NU) were studied. One-fourth of the women (n = 2704) reported NU, whereas condoms and oral contraceptives were used by, respectively, 59% and 15%. NU decreased with the birth year of the first male partner (OR = 3.6; 95% CI: 2.8-4.8 for ≤1954 vs. 1968-1974) mainly in favor of condom use. Other determinants were the birth cohort of the woman (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.0-1.9 for 1961-1962 vs. 1970-1972) and the calendar year of the first intercourse (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.2-1.7 for 1985-1986 vs. 1987-1992), both initially in favor of oral contraception and later in favor of condom use, whereas young age at first intercourse was associated with a high prevalence of NU (OR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.4-2.1 for ≤14 years vs. ≥17 years) at the expense of both oral contraception and condom use. Finally, NU was found to predict high-risk sexual behavior in terms of subsequent multiple sex partners, non-use of condoms, and induced abortion. © 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
KW  - Birth cohorts
KW  - First coitus
KW  - High-risk sexual behavior
KW  - Male partner
KW  - Multivariate analysis
KW  - Non-use of contraception
KW  - Risk factors
KW  - Sexual education
KW  - Women
KW  - oral contraceptive agent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - birth
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - coitus
KW  - condom
KW  - confidence interval
KW  - contraception
KW  - controlled study
KW  - Denmark
KW  - drug use
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - induced abortion
KW  - interview
KW  - male
KW  - population research
KW  - prediction
KW  - prevalence
KW  - risk factor
KW  - sexual behavior
KW  - sexual intercourse
KW  - adolescent
KW  - age
KW  - Denmark
KW  - incidence
KW  - register
KW  - sexual education
KW  - sexuality
KW  - statistics
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Coitus
KW  - Contraception
KW  - Denmark
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Registries
KW  - Sex Education
KW  - Sexual Behavior
KW  - Sexual Partners
N1  - Cited By :23
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CCPTA
C2  - 12443965
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Svare, E.I.; Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Virus, Copenhagen, Denmark; email: svare@cancer.dk
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Andersson-Ellström, A., Forssman, L., Milsom, I., Age of sexual debut related to life-style, and reproductive health factors in a group of Swedish girls (1996) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 75, pp. 484-489
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036849458&doi=10.1016%2fS0010-7824%2802%2900333-5&partnerID=40&md5=33d6ae2b53a003eb89ca399a4ee4be39
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The longterm influence of socio-economic disadvantage on the psychosocial adjustment of women 
ST  - Die langzeitwirkungen sozial-ökonomischer benachteiligung auf die psychosoziale anpassung von frauen
T2  - Zeitschrift fur Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie
J2  - Z. Psychosom. Med. Psychother.
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
SP  - 381
EP  - 395
PY  - 2002
SN  - 14383608 (ISSN) 
AU  - Schoon, I.
AD  - School of Social Sciences, Dep. of Psychology, City University, Northampton Square, GB-London EC1V OHB, United Kingdom
AB  - On the basis of a prospective longitudinal study of over 15,000 women this paper examines the long-term influences of socio-economic disadvantages on psychosocial adjustment. The study draws on data from two British cohort studies carried out 12 years apart from each other. A contextual developmental perspective is adopted to analyse the pathways linking childhood experiences to adult functioning in a changing socio-historical context. The study suggests a causal chain process linking the early and persisting experience of socio-economic adversity to behavioural maladjustment of girls during childhood and adolescence. Socio-economic adversity and behavioural maladjustment in adolescence, in turn, predict the development of depressive symptoms in adulthood. The influence of socio-economic adversity on individual development, however, also depends on the wider socio-historical context in which development takes place. It is concluded that for a better understanding of psychosocial adjustment across the lifespan we have to consider the interactions of a changing individual in a changing context.
KW  - Conduct Disorder
KW  - Depression
KW  - Longitudinal Analysis
KW  - Social Risk
KW  - Women
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - attention deficit disorder
KW  - behavior
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - depression
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - lifespan
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - maladjustment
KW  - risk factor
KW  - social psychology
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - Adaptation, Psychological
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Depression
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Personality Development
KW  - Poverty
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Psychosocial Deprivation
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Social Adjustment
N1  - Cited By :8
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ZPPSB
C2  - 12407496
LA  - German
N1  - Correspondence Address: Schoon, I.; School of Social Sciences, Dep. of Psychology, City University, Northampton Square, GB-London EC1V OHB, United Kingdom; email: I.Schoon@city.ac.uk
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Garmezy, N., Masten, A., Chronic adversities (1994) Child and adolescent psychiatry: Modern approaches, pp. 191-208. , Rutter, M., Taylor, E., Hersov, L. (Hg.). (3rd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific; 
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Schoon, I., Bynner, J., Joshi, H., Parsons, S., Wiggins, R.D., Sacker, A., The influence of context, timing and duration of risk experiences for the passage from childhood to early adulthood (2002) Child Dev (im Druck); 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036390686&partnerID=40&md5=95a7b9d9bad9519b3fbe37a4c29ed552
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Natural history of primary sclerosing cholangitis and prognostic value of cholangiography in a Dutch population
T2  - Gut
J2  - Gut
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
SP  - 562
EP  - 566
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1136/gut.51.4.562
SN  - 00175749 (ISSN) 
AU  - Ponsioen, C.Y.
AU  - Vrouenraets, S.M.E.
AU  - Prawirodirdjo, W.
AU  - Rajaram, R.
AU  - Rauws, E.A.J.
AU  - Mulder, C.J.J.
AU  - Reitsma, J.B.
AU  - Heisterkamp, S.H.
AU  - Tytgat, G.N.J.
AD  - Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, Netherlands
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
AB  - Background: Median survival of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) has been estimated to be 12 years. Cholangiography is the gold standard for diagnosis but is rarely used in estimating prognosis. Aims: To assess the natural history of Dutch PSC patients and to evaluate the prognostic value of a cholangiographic classification system. Patients: A total of 174 patients with established PSC attending a university hospital and three teaching hospitals from 1970 to 1999. Methods: Charts were reviewed for validity and time of diagnosis, concurrent inflammatory bowel disease, interventions, liver transplantation, occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma, and death. Follow up data were obtained from the charts and from the attending clinician or family physician. Median follow up was 76 months (range 1-300). The earliest available cholangiography was scored using a radiological classification system for the severity of sclerosis, developed in our institution. Survival curves were computed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cholangiographic staging was used to construct a prognostic model, applying Cox proportional hazards analysis. Results: The estimated median survival from time of diagnosis to death from liver disease or liver transplantation was 18 years. Cholangiocarcinoma was found in 18 (10%) patients. Fourteen patients (8%) underwent liver transplantation. Cholangiographic scoring was inversely correlated with survival. A combination of intrahepatic and extrahepatic scoring, together with age at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, proved strongly predictive of survival. Conclusions: The observed survival was considerably better than reported in earlier series from Sweden, the UK, and the USA. Classification and staging of cholangiographic abnormalities has prognostic value.
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - bile duct carcinoma
KW  - cholangiography
KW  - death
KW  - diagnostic value
KW  - disease course
KW  - endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
KW  - enteritis
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - Kaplan Meier method
KW  - liver transplantation
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - medical record
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - primary sclerosing cholangitis
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prognosis
KW  - survival time
KW  - Sweden
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - university hospital
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cholangiography
KW  - Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde
KW  - Cholangitis, Sclerosing
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Liver Diseases
KW  - Liver Transplantation
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Predictive Value of Tests
KW  - Prognosis
N1  - Cited By :149
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: GUTTA
C2  - 12235081
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Ponsioen, C.Y.; Department of Gastroenterology, Hilversum Hospital, van Riebeeckweg 212, 1213 XZ Hilversum, Netherlands; email: cponsioen@zhh.nl
N1  - References: Wiesner, R.H., Grambsch, P.M., Dickson, E.R., Primary sclerosing cholangitis: Natural history, prognostic factors and survival analysis (1989) Hepatology, 10, pp. 430-436; 
Farrant, J.M., Hayllar, K.M., Wilkinson, M.L., Natural history and prognostic variables in primary sclerosing cholangitis (1991) Gastroenterology, 100, pp. 1710-1717; 
Broomé, U., Olsson, R., Loof, L., Natural history and prognostic factors in 305 Swedish patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (1996) Gut, 38, pp. 610-615; 
Craig, D.A., MacCarty, R.L., Wiesner, R.H., Primary sclerosing cholangitis: Value of cholangiography in determining the prognosis (1991) AJR Am J Roentgenol, 157, pp. 959-964; 
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Rajaram, R., Ponsioen, C.Y., Majoie, C.B., Evaluation of a modified cholangiographic classification system for primary sclerosing cholangitis (2001) Abdom Imaging, 26, pp. 43-47; 
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Fleming, K.A., The hepatobiliary pathology of primary sclerosing cholangitis (1992) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 4, pp. 266-271
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036785363&doi=10.1136%2fgut.51.4.562&partnerID=40&md5=6bcbea8f9c1fdcf6f7cd78be471adfd0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A personal and historical investigation of the career trends of UK graduate nurses qualifying between 1970 and 1989
T2  - Journal of Advanced Nursing
J2  - J. Adv. Nurs.
VL  - 40
IS  - 2
SP  - 199
EP  - 209
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02362.x
SN  - 03092402 (ISSN) 
AU  - Ring, N.
AD  - Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
AD  - Nursing Midwifery Pract. Devmt. U., NHS Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
AB  - Aim. To explore from a personal and historical perspective key career trends of UK graduate nurses qualifying between 1970 and 1989. Background. During the 1970s and 1980s, graduate nurses qualifying from UK academic institutions with nursing and degree qualifications were a controversial minority. Concerns about their practical ability and role resulted in considerable quantitative research about graduate nurse careers. Whilst such research identified key graduate nurse career trends, these trends have yet to be explored from a qualitative perspective. Design. This descriptive study used a phased approach: first, a literature review of earlier studies to identify key career trends of UK graduate nurses qualifying between 1970 and 1989, and second, an exploration of these trends from the perspective of six graduate nurses qualifying during this period using semi-structured interviews. Third, archival material was used to set career trends and interview data within their historical context. Findings. The literature indicated that most graduate nurses remained clinically based, especially in community and intensive care, with few in senior posts above charge nurse/health visitor level (G-grade). Analysis of interview data revealed four major themes significantly influencing graduate nurse careers: wanting to be clinical nurses, the effect of organizational structures and systems, being a woman, and careers by accident not design. Conclusion. Graduate nurses interviewed aspired to clinical posts, yet this was not what some in nursing expected of them during the 1970s and 1980s. The ability of these graduate nurses to fulfil personal career aspirations and develop their careers depended on many factors, not fully acknowledged in earlier studies. For example, organizational structures and systems often delayed fulfilment of career aspirations. Significantly, gender issues embedded within nursing adversely affected career progression of those interviewed, even in the 1990s. In particular, although nurses can combine work and family commitments, for those interviewed this was often at the expense of their career development.
KW  - Aspirations
KW  - Career trends
KW  - Gender
KW  - Graduate nurses
KW  - Nursing degrees
KW  - article
KW  - career mobility
KW  - decision making
KW  - employment
KW  - interview
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - manpower
KW  - nurse
KW  - nursing
KW  - nursing education
KW  - organization and management
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - sex difference
KW  - statistics
KW  - time
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Career Choice
KW  - Career Mobility
KW  - Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate
KW  - Employment
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Nurses
KW  - Nursing
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :15
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JANUD
C2  - 12366650
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Ring, N.; Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom; email: nicola.ring@stir.ac.uk
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Dex, S., (1985) The Sexual Division of Work: Conceptual Revolutions in the Social Sciences, , Wheatsheaf Books, Brighton; 
Evans, J., Men in nursing: Issues of gender segregation and hidden advantage (1997) Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26, pp. 226-231; 
Finlayson, L., Nazroo, J., (1998) Gender Inequalities in Nursing Careers, , Policy Studies Institute, London; 
Fraser, M., Titherington, R., Where are they now? The career paths of graduates from post-registration degrees in nursing in England (1991) International Journal of Nursing Studies, 28, pp. 257-265; 
Halford, S., Savage, M., Witz, A., (1997) Gender, Careers and Organisations: Career Developments in Banking, Nursing and Local Government, , MacMillan, London; 
Hardy, L.K., Sinclair, H., Hughes, J., Nursing careers: Findings of a follow up survey of graduates in the nursing education and administration certificate courses of the Department of Nursing Studies, University of Edinburgh 1958-75 (1984) Journal of Advanced Nursing, 9, pp. 611-618; 
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Howard, J.M., Brooking, J.I., The career paths of nursing graduates from Chelsea College, University of London (1987) International Journal of Nursing Studies, 24, pp. 181-189; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Production, reproduction, and education: Women, children, and work in a British perspective
T2  - Population and Development Review
J2  - Popul. Dev. Rev.
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
SP  - 445
EP  - 474
PY  - 2002
SN  - 00987921 (ISSN) 
AU  - Joshi, H.
AD  - Bedford Group Lifecourse Statistical, Institute of Education, London University, United Kingdom
AB  - This article reviews findings of studies by the author and colleagues on relationships between women's work and the reproduction of the British population based on data for female birth cohorts 1922-70. The studies address three questions: (1) How do children affect women's paid work and lifetime earnings? (2) How does women's employment affect the quantity of children born? (3) How does women's employment affect the "quality" of children? The answers are affected by the woman's educational attainment. On question 1, childrearing may often halve lifetime earnings, but seldom for the well educated. By contrast, any effects from employment to childbearing are most apparent in the late motherhood of the well educated. Child quality, as assessed by indicators of child development, benefits from maternal education and suffers little from maternal employment. The economic advantages for children in dual-career families are thus unabated. A widening gulf between mothers will tend to polarize the life chances of their children, unless there are more options to combine employment and childrearing, especially including good-quality child care for those who cannot afford the market price. Education is a powerful influence, but does not alone solve all issues of equity, whether between families or between sexes.
KW  - birth rate
KW  - educational attainment
KW  - female education
KW  - wage determination
KW  - womens employment
KW  - United Kingdom
N1  - Cited By :66
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Joshi, H.; Bedford Group Lifecourse Statistical, Institute of Education, London UniversityUnited Kingdom
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036761064&partnerID=40&md5=5bdff52a0f1aeda993814e52731f2d28
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sleep duration and mortality: The effect of short or long sleep duration on cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in working men and women
T2  - Sleep Medicine
J2  - Sleep Med.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
SP  - 305
EP  - 314
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1016/S1389-9457(02)00016-3
SN  - 13899457 (ISSN) 
AU  - Heslop, P.
AU  - Smith, G.D.
AU  - Metcalfe, C.
AU  - Macleod, J.
AU  - Hart, C.
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Primary Care and General Practice, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
AB  - Background: There is evidence to suggest that insufficient sleep may have an adverse effect on physical and psychological health. Previous studies have reported that when adjusting for major risk factors for cardiovascular disease and a number of demographic and social variables, sleeping 7-8 h each night is associated with lower mortality. These studies, however, have excluded any consideration of stress, which is known to be related to a number of behavioural risk factors for disease and, like sleep, may influence neurochemical, hormonal and immunological functioning. Methods: This study revisits the associations between sleep duration, cardiovascular disease risk factors and mortality, taking into account the perceived stress of individuals. The data come from a cohort of working Scottish men and women recruited between 1970 and 1973; approximately half of the cohort was screened for a second time, 4-7 years after the baseline examination. Results: For both men and women, higher self-perceived stress was associated with a reduction in the hours of sleep reported. The pattern of mortality from all causes and the pattern of mortality from cardiovascular disease were consistent for both men and women. When sleep was measured on one occasion only, the risk of dying was reduced for men sleeping more than 8 h in every 24 h compared with those sleeping 7-8 h over the same period. This was after adjustment had been made for age, marital status, social class, cardiovascular risk factors and stress. The risk of dying was increased for women sleeping less than 7 h in every 24 h compared with those sleeping 7-8 h over the same period, after similar adjustments. When the data from the 1st and 2nd screening were considered longitudinally, both men and women who reported that they slept less than 7 h on both occasions that they were questioned, had a greater risk of dying from any cause than those who had reported sleeping 7-8 h at both screenings, after adjusting for age, marital status, social class and stress. Conclusions: Short sleep over a prolonged period may be associated with an increased risk of mortality: men and women who reported sleeping fewer than 7 h in 24 on two occasions between 4 and 7 years apart, had greater risk of dying from any cause over a 25 year period than those who reported sleeping 7-8 h on both occasions that they were questioned. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - All cause mortality
KW  - Cardiovascular mortality
KW  - Cardiovascular risk factors
KW  - Self-reported stress
KW  - Sleep
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - cardiovascular risk
KW  - cause of death
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - data analysis
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - marriage
KW  - mortality
KW  - priority journal
KW  - screening test
KW  - sleep pattern
KW  - social class
KW  - stress
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - worker
N1  - Cited By :181
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SMLEA
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Smith, G.D.; Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom; email: zetkin@bristol.ac.uk
N1  - Funding details: Economic and Social Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council
N1  - Funding details: Economic and Social Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council
N1  - Funding text: Acknowledgements This work was funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council Health Variations Programme. The work of Victor Hawthorne, Charles Gillis, David Hole and Pauline MacKinnon has provided us with the data required for this analysis.
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Haynes, S., Levine, S., Scotch, N., Feinlein, M., The relationship of psychosocial factors to coronary heart disease in the Framingham Study. I methods and risk factors (1978) Am. J. Epidemiol, 107, pp. 362-383; 
Schar, M., Reeder, L.G., Dirken, J.M., Stress and cardiovascular health: An international co-operative study II. The male population of a factory at Zurich (1973) Soc. Sci. Med, 7, pp. 585-603; 
Social Factors, Work, Stress and Cardio-vascular Disease Prevention in the European Union (1998), European Heart Network. Brussels: European Heart Network; Classification of Occupations 1966 (1966), General Register Office. London: HMSO; Whitehead, M., The health divide (1998) Inequalities in Health: The Black Report and the Health Divide, pp. 215-356. , Townsend P. Davidson N, Whitehead M, editors. Harmondsworth: Penguin; 
Kaplan, G.A., Keil, J.E., Socioeconomic factors and cardiovascular disease: A review of the literature (1993) Circulation, 88 (4), pp. 1973-1998; 
Davey Smith, G., Bartley, M., Blane, D., The Black Report on socio-economic inequalities in health 10 years on (1990) Br. Med. J, 301, pp. 373-377; 
Hemingway, H., Marmot, M., Psychosocial factors in the aetiology and prognosis of coronary heart disease: Systematic review of prospective cohort studies (1999) Br. Med. J, 318, pp. 1460-1467; 
Quroshi, A.I., Giles, W.H., Croft, J.B., Bliwise, D.L., Habitual sleep patterns and risk for stroke and coronary heart disease: A 10-year follow-up from NHANES I (1997) Neurology, 48, pp. 904-911; 
(1999), Stata Corporation. Stata Reference Manual Release 6. Texas: Stata Press; Cox, D.R., Regression models and life tables (1972) J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B, 34, pp. 187-220; 
Bliwise, D.L., Sleep in normal aging and dementia (1993) Sleep, 16, pp. 40-81; 
Young, T., Palya, M., Demsey, J., Skatrud, J., The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults (1993) N. Engl. J. Med, 328, pp. 1230-1235; 
Kojima, M., Wakai, K., Kawamura, T., Tamakoshi, A., Sleep patterns and total mortality: A 12-year follow-up study in Japan (2000) J. Epidemiol, 10 (2), pp. 87-93; 
Bliwise, D.L., King, A.C., Harris, R.B., Habitual sleep durations and health in a 50-65-year old population (1994) J. Clin. Epidemiol, 47, pp. 35-41
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036049498&doi=10.1016%2fS1389-9457%2802%2900016-3&partnerID=40&md5=aa858e490e993b3982e025aab4747799
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Does a fracture at one site predict later fractures at other sites? A British cohort study
T2  - Osteoporosis International
J2  - Osteoporosis Int.
VL  - 13
IS  - 8
SP  - 624
EP  - 629
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1007/s001980200084
SN  - 0937941X (ISSN) 
AU  - Van Staa, T.P.
AU  - Van Staa, T.P.
AU  - Van Staa, T.P.
AU  - Leufkens, H.G.M.
AU  - Cooper, C.
AD  - MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
AD  - Procter and Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Staines, United Kingdom
AB  - The extent to which a fracture at one skeletal site predicts further fractures at other sites remains uncertain. We addressed this issue using information from the UK General Practice Research Database, which contains the medical records of general practitioners; our study population consisted of all patients aged 20 years or older with an incident fracture during 1988 to 1998. We identified 222 369 subjects (119 317 women, 103 052 men) who had sustained at least one fracture during follow-up. There was a 2- to 3-fold increase in the risk of subsequent fractures at different skeletal sites. A patient with a radius/ulna fracture had a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 3.0 (95% confidence interval 2.9-3.1) for fractures at a different skeletal site; for initial vertebral fracture, this ratio was 2.9 (2.8-3.1) and for initial femur/hip fracture it was 2.6 (2.5-2.7). The SIRs were generally higher among men than women. Men aged 65-74 years with a radius/ulna fracture or vertebral fracture had substantially higher rates of subsequent femur/hip fractures than expected; SIRs were 6.0 (3.4-9.9) and 13.4 (7.3-22.5). Corresponding SIRs among women of similar age were 3.3 (2.8-3.9) and 5.8 (4.1-8.1), respectively. Men and women aged 65 years or older with a vertebral fracture had a 5-year risk of femur/hip fracture of 6.7% and 13.3%, respectively. Our results indicate that fractures at any site are strong risk factors for subsequent fractures, among both elderly men and women.
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Fracture risk
KW  - Fractures
KW  - Osteoporosis
KW  - Risk factors
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - female
KW  - femur fracture
KW  - fracture
KW  - human
KW  - humerus fracture
KW  - incidence
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - osteoporosis
KW  - priority journal
KW  - radius fracture
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - tibia fracture
KW  - ulna fracture
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - vertebra fracture
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - Female
KW  - Fractures, Bone
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Osteoporosis
KW  - Patient Selection
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Sex Factors
N1  - Cited By :139
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: OSINE
C2  - 12181620
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Cooper, C.; MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; email: cc@mrc.soton.ac.uk
N1  - References: Consensus development conference. Diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis (1993) Am J Med, 94, pp. 646-650; 
Compston, J.E., Cooper, C., Kanis, J.A., Bone densitometry in clinical practice (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 1507-1510; 
Kanis, J.A., Delmas, P., Burckhardt, P., Cooper, C., Torgerson, D., Guidelines for diagnosis and management of osteoporosis (1997) Osteoporos Int, 7, pp. 390-406; 
(1999) Clinical guidelines for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, , London: RCP; 
Cooper, C., Kotowicz, M., Atkinson, E.J., O'Fallon, W.M., Riggs, B.L., Melton L.J. III, Risk of limb fractures among men and women with vertebral fractures (1996) Osteoporosis 1996, pp. 101-104. , Papapoulos SE, Lips P, Pols HAP, Johnston CC, Delmas PD, editors. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 
Black, D.M., Arden, N.K., Palermo, L., Pearson, J., Cummings, S.R., Prevalent vertebral deformities predict hip fractures and new vertebral deformities but not wrist fractures (1999) J Bone Miner Res, 14, pp. 821-828; 
Melton L.J. III, Atkinson, E.J., Cooper, C., O'Fallon, W.M., Riggs, B.L., Vertebral fractures predict subsequent fractures (1999) Osteoporos Int, 10, pp. 214-221; 
Kotowitz, M.A., Melton L.J. III, Cooper, C., Atkinson, E.J., O'Fallon, W.M., Riggs, B.L., Risk of hip fracture in women with vertebral fracture (1994) J Bone Miner Res, 9, pp. 599-605; 
Owen, R.A., Melton L.J. III, Ilstrup, D.M., Johnson, K.A., Riggs, B.L., Colles' fracture and subsequent hip fracture risk (1982) Clin Orthop, 171, pp. 37-43; 
Lauritzen, J.B., Lund, B., Risk of hip fracture after osteoporotic fractures (1993) Acta Orthop Scand, 64, pp. 297-300; 
Karlsson, M.K., Hasserius, R., Obrant, K.J., Individuals who sustain nonosteoporotic fractures continue to also sustain fragility fractures (1993) Calcif Tissue Int, 53, pp. 229-231; 
Malmin, H., Ljunghall, S., Persson, I., Naessen, T., Krusemo, U.B., Bergstrom, R., Fracture of the distal forearm as a forecaster of subsequent hip fracture: A population-based cohort study with 24 years of follow-up (1993) Calcif Tissue Int, 52, pp. 269-272; 
Cuddihy, M.T., Gabriel, S.E., Crowson, C.S., O'Fallon, W.M., Melton L.J. III, Forearm fractures as predictors of subsequent osteoporotic fractures (1999) Osteoporos Int, 9, pp. 469-475; 
Johnell, O., Oden, A., Coulin, F., Kanis, J.A., Acute and long-term increase in fracture risk after hospitalization for vertebral fracture (2001) Osteoporos Int, 12, pp. 207-214; 
Walley, T., Mantgani, A., The UK general Practice Research Database (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1097-1099; 
Van Staa, T.P., Dennison, E.M., Leufkens, H.G.M., Cooper, C., Epidemiology of fractures in England and Wales (2001) Bone, 29, pp. 517-522; 
Van Staa, T.P., Abenhaim, L., Cooper, C., Begaud, B., Zhang, B., Leufkens, H.G.M., The use of a large pharmaco-epidemiological database to study exposure to oral corticosteroids and risk of fractures: Validation of study population and results (2000) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 9, pp. 359-366; 
Greenland, S., Rothman, K.J., Introduction to categorical analysis (1998) Modern epidemiology, pp. 231-252. , Rothman KJ, Greenland S, editors. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 
Klotzbuecher, C.M., Ross, P.D., Landsman, P.B., Abbott T.A. III, Berger, M., Patients with prior fracturs have an increased risk of future fractures: A summary of the literature and statistical synthesis (2000) J Bone Miner Res, 15, pp. 721-727
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036342982&doi=10.1007%2fs001980200084&partnerID=40&md5=11995dc514396d6b91ae11cbd71cfbd0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Early origins and adult correlates of psychosomatic distress
T2  - Social Science and Medicine
J2  - Soc. Sci. Med.
VL  - 55
IS  - 6
SP  - 937
EP  - 948
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00225-8
SN  - 02779536 (ISSN) 
AU  - Cheung, Y.B.
AD  - Division of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610, Singapore
AB  - Previous studies have demonstrated associations between fetal insults and psychological and developmental outcomes in children and adolescents. It is not clear whether psychosomatic problems in adults also have early origins. This study involved full-term live-born singletons free of congenital anomaly in the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study. Birthweight, gestational age, maternal smoking, parental social class and birth order were recorded around the time of birth. Psychological and somatic distresses were measured by the Malaise Inventory at age 26. A number of socio-behavioural covariates were also measured at this time. Multiple (least square) regression analysis showed that birthweight standardised for gestational age had a "reverse J" relation with psychological distress (p<0.05); gestational age was inversely related to psychological distress (each p<0.05); levels of maternal smoking were positively related to both psychological distress and somatic distress (each p<0.01). Logistic regression analyses of high levels of psychological distress and somatic distress gave similar results. The findings were not strongly affected by adjustment for various adult correlates. In supplementary analyses multiple imputation was used to handle loss to follow-up and missing values at age 26. Approximately, the same patterns of associations were found. The results support the hypothesis of a biological link between perinatal factors and psychological distress in adults. The strengths of the associations were compared with those between the outcome and adult correlates. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Child health
KW  - Fetal growth
KW  - Maternal health
KW  - Psychological distress
KW  - Smoking
KW  - UK
KW  - maternal health
KW  - adjustment
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - birth order
KW  - birth weight
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - distress syndrome
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - gestational age
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - mental health
KW  - psychosomatic disorder
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - smoking
KW  - social behavior
KW  - social class
KW  - symptom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age of Onset
KW  - Birth Order
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Embryonic and Fetal Development
KW  - Female
KW  - Gestational Age
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Male
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy Outcome
KW  - Psychophysiologic Disorders
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Somatoform Disorders
N1  - Cited By :37
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SSMDE
C2  - 12220095
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Cheung, Y.B.; Division of Clinical Trials Sciences, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610, Singapore; email: ctecyb@nccs.com.sg
N1  - References: Barker, D.J.P., (1998) Mothers, babies and health in later life, , Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 
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Box, G.E.P., Cox, D.R., An analysis of transformations (1964) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, 26, pp. 211-243; 
Brennan, P.A., Grekin, E.R., Mednick, S.A., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and adult male criminal outcomes (1999) Archive of General Psychiatry, 56, pp. 215-219; 
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Cheung, Y.B., Yip, P., Karlberg, J., Mortality of twins and singletons by gestational age: A varying-coefficient approach (2000) American Journal of Epidemiology, 152, pp. 1107-1116; 
Cheung, Y.B., Yip, P., Karlberg, J., Fetal growth, early postnatal growth and motor development in Pakistani infants (2001) International Journal of Epidemiology, 30, pp. 66-72; 
Clark, P.M., Programming of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and the fetal origins of adult disease hypothesis (1998) European Journal of Pediatrics, 157 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S7-S10; 
Cleveland, W.S., Robust locally weighted regression and smoothing scatterplots (1979) Journal of American Statistical Association, 74, pp. 829-836; 
Drillien, C.M., Thomson, A.J.M., Burgoyne, K., Low-birthweight children at early school-age: A longitudinal study (1980) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 22, pp. 26-47; 
Fergusson, D.M., Woodward, L.J., Horwood, L.J., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and psychiatric adjustment in late adolescence (1998) Archive General Psychiatry, 55, pp. 721-727; 
Fernald, L.C., Grantham-McGregor, S.M., Stress response in school-age children who have been growth retarded since early childhood (1998) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 68, pp. 394-405; 
Gjessing, H.K., Skaerven, R., Wilcox, A.J., Errors in gestational age: Evidence of bleeding early in pregnancy (1999) American Journal of Public Health, 89, pp. 213-218; 
Grant, G., Nolan, M., Ellis, N., A reappraisal of the Malaise Inventory (1990) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiolology, 25, pp. 170-178; 
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Hirst, M.A., Bradshaw, J.R., Evaluating the Malaise Inventory: A comparison of measures of stress (1983) Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 27, pp. 193-199; 
Jones, P.B., Rantakallio, P., Hartikainen, A.L., Isohanni, M., Sipila, P., Schizophrenia as a long-term outcome of pregnancy, delivery, and perinatal complications: A 28-year follow-up of the 1966 north Finland general population birth cohort (1998) American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, pp. 355-364; 
Kelly, Y.J., Nazroo, J.Y., McMunn, A., Boreham, R., Marmot, M., Birthweight and behavioural problems in children: A modifiable effect? (2001) International Journal of Epidemiology, 30, pp. 88-94; 
Kramer, M.S., Invited commentary: Association between restricted fetal growth and adult chronic disease: Is it causal? Is it important (2000) American Journal of Epidemiology, 152, pp. 605-608; 
Lagerstrom, M., Bremme, K., Eneroth, P., Janson, C.G., Long-term development for girls and boys at age 16-18 as related to birth weight and gestational age (1994) International Journal of Psychophysiology, 17, pp. 175-180; 
Lagerstrom, M., Bremme, K., Eneroth, P., Magnusson, D., Behavior at 10 and 13 years of age for children with low birth weight (1990) Perception and Motor Skills, 71, pp. 579-594; 
Lucas, A., Fewtrell, M.S., Cole, T.J., Fetal origins of adult disease - The hypothesis revisited (1999) British Medical Journal, 319, pp. 245-249; 
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Morris, S.S., Victora, C.G., Barros, F., Halpern, R., Menezes, A.M.B., Cesar, J.A., Horta, B.L., Tomasi, E., Length and ponderal index at birth: Associations with mortality, hospitalizations, development and post-natal growth in Brazilian infants (1998) International Journal of Epidemiology, 27, pp. 242-247; 
Niklasson, A., Ericson, A., Fryer, J.G., Karlberg, J., Lawrence, C., Karlberg, P., An update of the Swedish reference standards for weight, length and head circumference at birth for given gestational age (1977-1981) (1991) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavian, 80, pp. 756-762; 
Nilsson, P.M., Nyberg, P., Ostergren, P.O., Increased susceptibility to stress at a psychological assessment of stress tolerance is associated with impaired fetal growth (2001) International Journal of Epidemiology, 30, pp. 75-80; 
Phillips, D.I., Walker, B.R., Reynolds, R.M., Flanagan, D.E., Wood, P.J., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Whorwood, C.B., Low birth weight predicts elevated plasma cortisol concentrations in adults from 3 populations (2000) Hypertension, 35, pp. 1301-1306; 
Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, J., (1991) Health and class: The early years, , London: Chapman & Hall; 
Pryor, J., Silva, P.A., Brooke, M., Growth, development and behaviour in adolescents born small-for-gestational age (1995) Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health, 31, pp. 403-407; 
Rodgers, B., Pickles, A., Power, C., Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Validity of the Malaise Inventory in general population samples (1999) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemology, 34, pp. 333-341; 
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Royston, P., Ambler, G., Sauerbrei, W., The use of fractional polynomials to model continuous risk variables in epidemiology (1999) International Journal of Epidemiology, 28, pp. 964-974; 
Rubin, D.B., Schenker, N., Multiple imputation in health-care databases: An overview and some applications (1991) Statistics in Medicine, 10, pp. 585-598; 
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Smedler, A.C., Faxelius, G., Bremme, K., Lagerstrom, M., Psychological development in children born with very low birth weight after severe intrauterine growth retardation: A 10-year follow-up study (1992) Acta Paediatrica, 81, pp. 197-203; 
Sommerfelt, K., Ellertsen, B., Markestad, T., Personality and behaviour in eight-year-old non-handicapped children with birth weight under 1500 g (1993) Acta Paediatrica, 82, pp. 723-728; 
Strauss, R.S., Adult functional outcome of those born small for gestational age (2000) Journal of the American Medical Association, 283, pp. 625-632; 
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Van de Mheen, H., Stronks, K., Looman, C.W.N., Mackenbach, J.P., Role of childhood health in the explanation of socioeconomic inequalities in early adult health (1998) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 52, pp. 15-19; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036326537&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2801%2900225-8&partnerID=40&md5=47ffcd16d9390b97edf1a36def9c197a
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Birth weight, childhood socioeconomic environment, and cognitive development in the 1958 British birth cohort study
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - Br. Med. J.
VL  - 325
IS  - 7359
SP  - 305
EP  - 308
PY  - 2002
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Jefferis, B.J.M.H.
AU  - Power, C.
AU  - Hertzman, C.
AD  - Institute of Child Health, Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
AB  - Objectives: To examine the combined effect of social class and weight at birth on cognitive trajectories during school age and the associations between birth weight and educational outcomes through to 33 years. Design: Longitudinal, population based, birth cohort study. Participants: 10 845 males and females born during 3-9 March 1958 with information on birth weight, social class, and cognitive tests. Main outcome measures: Reading, maths, draw a man, copying designs, verbal and non-verbal ability tests at ages 7, 11, and 16, highest qualifications achieved by 33, and trajectories of maths standardised scores at 7-16 years. Results: The outcome of all childhood cognitive tests and educational achievements improved significantly with increasing birth weight. Analysis of maths scores at 7 and of highest qualifications achieved by 33 showed that the relations were robust to adjustment for potential confounding factors. For each kilogram increase in birth weight, maths z score increased by 0.17 (adjusted estimate 0.15, 95% confidence interval 0.10 to 0.21) for males and 0.21 (0.20, 0.14 to 0.25) for females. Trajectories of maths z scores between 7 and 16 years diverged for different social class groups: participants from classes I and II increased their relative position on the score with increasing age, whereas classes IV and V showed a relative decline with increasing age. Birth weight explained much less of the variation in cognition than did social class (range 0.5-1.5% v 2.9-12.5%). Conclusions: The postnatal environment has an overwhelming influence on cognitive function through to early adulthood, but these strong effects do not explain the weaker but independent association with birth weight.
KW  - academic achievement
KW  - adolescent
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - cognitive development
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - drawing
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - male
KW  - mathematics
KW  - normal human
KW  - priority journal
KW  - reading
KW  - school child
KW  - social class
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - verbal behavior
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Child
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Intelligence
KW  - Linear Models
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Mathematics
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Social Environment
N1  - Cited By :191
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 12169505
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Institute of Child Health, Ctr. Paediat. Epidemiol./Biostatist., London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: C.Power@ich.ucl.ac.uk
N1  - References: Shenkin, S.D., Starr, J.M., Pattie, A., Rush, M.A., Whalley, L.J., Deary, I.J., Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish Mental Survey 1932 (2001) Arch Dis Child, 85, pp. 189-196; 
Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E., Birth weight and cognitive function in the British 1946 birth cohort: Longitudinal population based study (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 199-203; 
Sorensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Olsen, J., Rothman, K.J., Gillman, M.W., Fischer, P., Birth weight and cognitive function in young adult life: Historical cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 401-403; 
Matte, T.D., Bresnahan, M., Begg, M.D., Susser, E., Influence of variation in birth weight within normal range and within sibships on IQ at age 7 years: Cohort study (2001) BMJ, 323, pp. 310-314; 
Strauss, R.S., Adult functional outcome of those born small for gestational age: Twenty-six-year follow-up of the 1970 British birth cohort (2000) JAMA, 283, pp. 625-632; 
Pharoah, P.O., Stevenson, C.J., Cooke, R.W., Stevenson, R.C., Clinical and subclinical deficits at 8 years in a geographically defined cohort of low birthweight infants (1994) Arch Dis Child, 70, pp. 264-270; 
The Scottish low birthweight study: I. Survival, growth, neuromotor and sensory impairment (1992) Arch Dis Child, 67, pp. 675-681; 
Ounsted, M.K., Moar, V.A., Scott, A., Small-for-dates babies at the age of four years: Health, handicap and developmental status (1983) Early Hum Dev, 8, pp. 243-258; 
Drillien, C.M., School disposal and performance for children of different birthweight born 1953-1960 (1969) Arch Dis Child, 44, pp. 562-570; 
Seidman, D.S., Laor, A., Gale, R., Stevenson, D.K., Mashiach, S., Danon, Y.L., Birth weight and intellectual performance in late adolescence (1992) Obstet Gynecol, 79, pp. 543-546; 
Martyn, C.N., Gale, C.R., Sayer, A.A., Fall, C., Growth in utero and cognitive function in adult life: Follow up study of people born between 1920 and 1943 (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 1393-1396; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037055696&partnerID=40&md5=3a39d23f80b5993b85292a8e491ba3e4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Age-period-cohort effects on inequalities in psychological distress, 1981-2000
T2  - Psychological Medicine
J2  - Psychol. Med.
VL  - 32
IS  - 6
SP  - 977
EP  - 990
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1017/S0033291702006013
SN  - 00332917 (ISSN) 
AU  - Sacker, A.
AU  - Wiggins, R.D.
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, City University, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WCIE 6BT, United Kingdom
AB  - Background. In the closing decades of the twentieth century, changes in population sociodemographics took place that might be thought to have an adverse influence on the nation's psychological distress. Here, we examine the stability of social and gender inequalities in psychological distress throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Methods. The study uses data from the 1958 National Child Development Study and the 1970 British Cohort Study collected when the cohort members were aged between 23 and 42. Multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine the effects of social class, gender, age, period and cohort on psychological distress as measured by the Malaise Inventory. Results. We identify clear social inequalities in psychological distress during 1981-2000 that reduced in magnitude over this period. Non-linear age effects were observed: psychological distress improves in early adulthood but declines again on approaching mid-life. The 1970 cohort had poorer psychological distress than the 1958 cohort. Although women had higher rates of psychological distress than men, gender differences reduced in magnitude. Declining rates of women's psychological distress over time have not been matched in men. A reduction in social inequalities over time was also observed. Improvements in the psychological health of those in manual occupations were not equalled among those in non-manual occupations. Conclusions. Both social and gender inequalities have narrowed in the last two decades of the twentieth century.
KW  - adult
KW  - adulthood
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - disease course
KW  - distress syndrome
KW  - female
KW  - gender
KW  - human
KW  - logistic regression analysis
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mental health
KW  - occupation
KW  - psychiatric diagnosis
KW  - sex difference
KW  - social class
KW  - sociology
KW  - statistical model
KW  - comparative study
KW  - mental stress
KW  - psychological model
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Models, Psychological
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Stress, Psychological
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Models, Psychological
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
N1  - Cited By :34
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PSMDC
C2  - 12214796
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Sacker, A.; Dept. of Epidemiol./Public Health, Royal Free and University College, London Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036668018&doi=10.1017%2fS0033291702006013&partnerID=40&md5=c1757264afa62515530838aa4d3292d9
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Are inequalities in height underestimated by adult social position? Effects of changing social structure and height selection in a cohort study
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - Br. Med. J.
VL  - 325
IS  - 7356
SP  - 131
EP  - 134
PY  - 2002
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Power, C.
AU  - Manor, O.
AU  - Li, L.
AD  - Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
AD  - School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University, Hadassah, PO Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
AB  - Objectives: To investigate whether changing social structure and social mobility related to height generate (inflate) inequalities in height. Design: Longitudinal 1958 British birth cohort study. Setting: England, Scotland, and Wales. Participants: 10 176 people born 3-9 March 1958 for whom data were available at age 33 years. Main outcome measures: Adult height and social class at age 33 years; class of origin (father's occupation when participant was 7 years old). Results: Adult height showed a social gradient with class at age 7 years and age 33 years. The difference in mean height between extreme groups was greater for class of origin than for adult class, reducing from 2.21 cm to 1.62 cm for men and from 2.18 cm to 1.74 cm for women. This narrowing inequality was due mainly to a decrease in mean height in classes I and II. This was because of the pattern of height related social mobility in which, for example, men moving into classes I and II were taller (mean 177.2 cm) than men remaining in class III manual (mean 176.1 cm) yet shorter than men with class I and II origins (mean 178.3 cm) and the relatively large number of individuals moving into classes I and II. Changes in the structure of society, seen here with the general trend of upward social mobility, have acted to diminish inequalities in adult height. Conclusions: The combination of changing social structure and height related mobility constrains, rather than inflates, inequalities in height and may lead to an underestimation of the role of childhood socioeconomic factors in the development of inequalities in adult disease.
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - body height
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - outcomes research
KW  - priority journal
KW  - school child
KW  - social aspect
KW  - social class
KW  - social structure
KW  - society
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Social Mobility
N1  - Cited By :41
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 12130607
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: cpower@ich.ucl.ac.uk
N1  - References: Davey Smith, G., Ebrahim, S., Frankel, S., How policy informs the evidence (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 184-185; 
Macintyre, S., Chalmers, I., Horton, R., Smith, R., Using evidence to inform policy: Case study (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 222-225; 
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Waaler, H.T., Height, weight and mortality (1984) Acta Med Scand Suppl, 679, pp. 1-56; 
Marmot, M.G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Inequalities in death - Specific explanations of a general pattern? (1984) Lancet, 1, pp. 1003-1006; 
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Elstad, J.I., Health-related mobility, health inequalities and gradient constraint (2001) Eur J Public Health, 11, pp. 135-140; 
Bartley, M., Plewis, I., Does health-selective mobility account for socioeconomic differences in health? Evidence from England and Wales, 1971 to 1991 (1997) J Health Soc Behav, 38, pp. 376-386
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037143041&partnerID=40&md5=b52ddb2ae8b4e56e1e4020efca66ee50
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - LASMAS-IDL 7-8 January 2002 Seminar - National Experiences with Cohort Studies and Their Contribution to the Social Sciences 
ST  - Séminaire LASMAS-IDL des 7 et 8 Janvier 2002 — Les experiences nationales d’études de cohortes et leur apport aux sciences sociales
T2  - BMS Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/ Bulletin de Methodologie Sociologique
J2  - Bull. Sociol. Methodol.
VL  - 75
IS  - 1
SP  - 57
EP  - 69
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1177/075910630207500106
SN  - 07591063 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bouvard, L.
AD  - Centre Quetelet, France
AB  - The objective of this seminar was the presentation of foreign surveys in order to evaluate the pertinence of extending educational panel studies for those leaving the educatioinal system. The first day included presentations on research involving cohorts, panels or retrospective surveys done in the United States, Great Britain and Germany. The second day was intended for sharing experiences with foreign colleagues concerning the necessity, the conception and the operationalization of cohorts studies and the various difficulties encountered in maintaing contact with the individuals involved over long periods of time. © 2002, SAGE Publications Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Cohorts
KW  - Educational Panels Studies
KW  - France
KW  - Germany
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - USA
PB  - SAGE Publications Ltd
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - French
N1  - Correspondence Address: Bouvard, L.; Centre QueteletFrance; email: bouvard@mrsh.unicaen.fr
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84973442619&doi=10.1177%2f075910630207500106&partnerID=40&md5=664290f6e7b06fbee4c950da79f8f968
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Physical activity and risk for breast cancer a prospective cohort study among Swedish twins
T2  - International Journal of Cancer
J2  - Int. J. Cancer
VL  - 100
IS  - 1
SP  - 76
EP  - 81
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1002/ijc.10447
SN  - 00207136 (ISSN) 
AU  - Moradi, T.
AU  - Adami, H.-O.
AU  - Ekbom, A.
AU  - Wedrén, S.
AU  - Terry, P.
AU  - Floderus, B.
AU  - Lichtenstein, P.
AD  - Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Department of Clinical Science, Family Medicine Stockholm, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Department of Clinical Science, Family Medicine Stockholm, Karolinska Institute, Alfred Nobels allé 12, 141 52, Huddinge, Sweden
AB  - The epidemiologic association between physical activity and breast cancer has been corroborated in many studies. Some inconsistencies remain, possibly due to variation in life periods for exposure assessment, confounding and undetected effect modification. In our cohort study, we address some of these questions by taking into account physical activity in different periods of life and by investigating effect modification by birth cohort and body mass index (BMI). Altogether 9,539 same-sex twin women aged 42-70 years who answered a questionnaire about their work and leisure-time physical exercise from ages 25 to 50 during 1967 and 1970 were included in our cohort. During follow-up, 506 breast cancer cases occurred through 1997. We used multivariate Cox models to estimate relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). We found no associations between physical activity and breast cancer overall. Women born between 1901 and 1917 (aged 51-70 at baseline) who reported regular leisure-time activity had a borderline significant 40% lower risk compared with those who reported no activity (RR 0.6; 95% CI 0.4-1.0; test for trend, p = 0.07). This association appeared to be confined to women with a low BMI after the age of 50 and to women with a high BMI during the premenopausal period. We found no evidence that work activity reduces risk for breast cancer. The importance of physical activity for breast cancer risk seems to depend on birth cohort. The association may be limited to normal-weight postmenopausal women and overweight premenopausal women. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
KW  - Body mass
KW  - Breast neoplasm
KW  - Cohort studies
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Hormones
KW  - Physical activity
KW  - Risk factors
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - body mass
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - disease association
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - leisure
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - physical activity
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Sweden
KW  - twins
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Body Weight
KW  - Breast Neoplasms
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Diseases in Twins
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Occupations
KW  - Postmenopause
KW  - Premenopause
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Sweden
N1  - Cited By :54
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJCNA
C2  - 12115590
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Moradi, T.; Department of Clinical Science, Family Medicine Stockholm, Karolinska Institute, Alfred Nobels allé 12, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden; email: Tahereh.Moradi@klinvet.ki.se
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036643809&doi=10.1002%2fijc.10447&partnerID=40&md5=ea0d5beb86e6892123f0b7416e9e6fc9
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The psychological consequences of work-family trade-offs for three cohorts of men and women
T2  - Social Psychology Quarterly
J2  - Soc. Psychol. Q.
VL  - 65
IS  - 2
SP  - 103
EP  - 124
PY  - 2002
SN  - 01902725 (ISSN) 
AU  - Carr, D.
AD  - Department of Sociology, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1382, United States
AB  - This research investigates (1) the extent to which work-family trade-offs affect men's and women's self-acceptance and their evaluations of their work opportunities, and (2) whether and how these effects differ by birth cohort. Three cohorts are considered: the "Baby Bust" cohort (born 1960-1970), Baby Boomers (born 1944-1959), and the pre-World War H cohort (born 1931-1943). Data are from the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), a survey of 3,000 adults age 25 and older in 1995. Baby Boom women and Baby Bust men who adjusted their employment schedules to accommodate family demands offer significantly worse evaluations of their own work opportunities. Older women and Baby Bust men who adjusted their work schedules have higher self-esteem than their peers who worked continuously. Older men and Baby Boom and Baby Bust women evidenced poorer self-esteem when they cut back on paid employment. Adherence to gender- and cohort-specific role expectations appears to enhance self-evaluations.
N1  - Cited By :38
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Carr, D.; Department of Sociology, University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1382, United States; email: carrds@umich.edu
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Adult infection with hepatitis A despite declining endemicity; in favor of adult vaccination
T2  - Vaccine
J2  - Vaccine
VL  - 20
IS  - 17-18
SP  - 2243
EP  - 2248
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00109-3
SN  - 0264410X (ISSN) 
AU  - Gillis, D.
AU  - Grotto, I.
AU  - Mimouni, D.
AU  - Huerta, M.
AU  - Gdalevich, M.
AU  - Shpilberg, O.
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah University Hospital, Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
AD  - Israel Defense Forces, Medical Corps, Military Post 02149, Israel
AD  - Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
AD  - Department of Hematology, Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheba, Israel
AB  - Seropositivity against hepatitis A was examined among 4806 standing army personnel (4497 males and 309 females) during 1998-1999. Each bi-annual birth cohort examined showed a decline in seropositivity compared to the previous one. When compared with a study performed in 1989, however, for each of the 1961-1962, 1963-1964, 1965-1966, 1967-1968 and 1969-1970 birth cohorts examined, the 1998-1999 study showed 5-15% higher seropositivity. This trend remained after controlling for differences between the two studies in ethnic origin, sibship size and level of education. The overall seroconversion rate is estimated as 1.15% per year and the clinical to subclinical ratio as 1:14. Thus, hepatitis A infection continues to occur in the young adult age group and vaccination of this group should be considered. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Birth cohort
KW  - Hepatitis A
KW  - Immunity
KW  - Seropositivity
KW  - Vaccination
KW  - hepatitis A vaccine
KW  - adult
KW  - adult disease
KW  - army
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - education
KW  - endemic disease
KW  - ethnology
KW  - family size
KW  - female
KW  - hepatitis A
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - normal human
KW  - priority journal
KW  - seroconversion
KW  - serology
KW  - vaccination
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Endemic Diseases
KW  - Female
KW  - Hepatitis A
KW  - Hepatitis A Antibodies
KW  - Hepatitis A Vaccines
KW  - Humans
KW  - Immunoglobulin G
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Israel
KW  - Male
KW  - Military Personnel
KW  - Multivariate Analysis
KW  - Vaccination
KW  - Vaccines, Inactivated
N1  - Cited By :5
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: VACCD
C2  - 12009279
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Gillis, D.; Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah University Hospital, Ein-Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel; email: dgillis@netvision.net.il
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Hepatitis A Antibodies; Hepatitis A Vaccines; Immunoglobulin G; Vaccines, Inactivated
N1  - References: Kark, J.D., Bar-Shany, S., Hepatitis A antibody in Israel Defense Forces recruits (1980) J. Med. Virol., 6, pp. 341-345; 
Kark, J.D., Camhy, N.A., Bar-Shany, S., Reduction in hepatitis A antibody prevalence among young adults in Israel (1992) Public Health Rev., 20, pp. 31-40; 
Gdalevich, M., Grotti, I., Mandel, Y., Mimouni, D., Shemer, J., Ashkenazi, I., Hepatitis A antibody prevalence among young adults in Israel: The decline continues (1998) Epidemiol. Infect., 121, pp. 477-479; 
Green, M.S., Tsur, S., Slepon, R., Sociodemographic factors and the declining prevalence of anti-hepatitis A antibodies in young adults in Israel: Implications for the new hepatitis A vaccines (1992) Int. J. Epidemiol., 21, pp. 136-141; 
Kark, J.D., Bar-Shany, S., Shor, S., Merlinski, L., Nili, E., Serological hepatitis A virus infections and ratio of clinical to serological infections in a controlled trial of pre-exposure prophylaxis with immune serum globulin (1985) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 39, pp. 117-122; 
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Green, M.S., Block, C., Apparent effect of immune serum globulin prophylaxis in the military on viral hepatitis incidence in the civilian population in Israel (1989) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 43, pp. 87-90
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A review of epidemiological studies on cancer in relation to the use of anti-ulcer drugs
T2  - European Journal of Cancer Prevention
J2  - Eur.J. Cancer Prev.
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
SP  - 117
EP  - 123
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1097/00008469-200204000-00002
SN  - 09598278 (ISSN) 
AU  - La Vecchia, C.L.
AU  - Tavani, A.
AD  - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
AD  - Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
AD  - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy
AB  - H 2-receptor antagonists have been widely used since the late 1970s for the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers and other benign conditions of the stomach, oesophagus and duodenum. Several case reports suggested that long-term therapy with H 2-receptor antagonists, mainly cimetidine and ranitidine, might increase the risk of gastric cancer. After early case reports, at least six analytical epidemiological studies (two cohort and four case-control) were published, including a total of about 1000 cases of gastric cancer. The relative risks (RR) were systematically and substantially elevated in the first year since starting H 2-receptor antagonist use, and levelled off in the following years. Some excess risk was still apparent during the first 5 years of drug use, probably due to incorrect diagnosis and treatment of pre-existing neoplastic gastric lesions, but the estimated RR was not above unity for ≥10 years since starting drug treatment in the two studies including information on long-term use. The findings of analytical epidemiological studies are thus consistent with the absence of a causal association between H 2-receptor antagonist use and gastric cancer risk. Data on oesophageal and colorectal cancer do not support a relevant relation between cimetidine use and the risk of these neoplasms. With reference to total cancer mortality, in a Danish cohort study, for males the RR was 1.9 in the first year, and 1.4 in the first 5 years; corresponding values for females were 1.7 and 1.5. In a British cohort study, the RR was 3.4 in the first year, and 1.3 in the years 2-10. The excess risk in the first year was essentially due to gastric cancer. Post-marketing surveillance data for omeprazole and other proton pump inhibitors are much scantier than for H 2-receptor antagonists, particularly on long-term use. © 2002 Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins.
KW  - Gastric cancer
KW  - H 2-receptor antagonists
KW  - Omeprazole
KW  - Risk
KW  - antiulcer agent
KW  - cimetidine
KW  - histamine H2 receptor antagonist
KW  - omeprazole
KW  - proton pump inhibitor
KW  - ranitidine
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - data analysis
KW  - digestive system ulcer
KW  - drug effect
KW  - human
KW  - priority journal
KW  - review
KW  - stomach cancer
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Cimetidine
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Female
KW  - Histamine H2 Antagonists
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Peptic Ulcer
KW  - Stomach Neoplasms
N1  - Cited By :20
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EJUPE
C2  - 11984128
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: La Vecchia, C.; Ist. di Ric. Farmacol. Mario Negri, Milan, Italy; email: bonifacino@marionegri.it
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Cimetidine, 51481-61-9; Histamine H2 Antagonists
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Change in job satisfaction, and its association with self-reported stress, cardiovascular risk factors and mortality
T2  - Social Science and Medicine
J2  - Soc. Sci. Med.
VL  - 54
IS  - 10
SP  - 1589
EP  - 1599
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00138-1
SN  - 02779536 (ISSN) 
AU  - Heslop, P.
AU  - Davey Smith, G.
AU  - Metcalfe, C.
AU  - Macleod, J.
AU  - Hart, C.
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom
AD  - Medical School, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
AB  - Many studies have suggested that occupational stress may be related to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), independently of other known risk factors. Despite the recognition of job satisfaction as a particular form of stress, however, few studies have examined its association with CVD. Those studies that have explored the associations between job satisfaction and CVD risk factors, or job satisfaction and CVD mortality, have been largely cross-sectional in approach and report contradictory findings. This study revisits the associations between job satisfaction, self-reported stress, CVD risk factors and CVD mortality using longitudinal data from a cohort of working Scottish men and women recruited between 1970 and 1973. Approximately half of the cohort was screened for a second time, 4-7yr after the baseline examination. Job satisfaction at baseline was strongly associated with low or moderate perceived stress at 2nd screening. Men and women reporting decreased satisfaction in their jobs between baseline and 2nd screening tended to report moderate or high perceived stress at 2nd screening. Job satisfaction was associated with own occupational class in different directions for men and women. Men in the manual social classes reported more satisfaction with their jobs than their peers, whilst it was women in the non-manual social classes who reported more satisfaction with their jobs than their peers. There was limited evidence of an association between job satisfaction and age-adjusted CVD risk factors (diastolic blood pressure; blood cholesterol; body mass index; forced expiratory volume in 1s; amount of recreational exercise undertaken; cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption) for men, after adjustment for occupational class, but there was no evidence of any association for women. There was also no evidence to suggest that men or women reporting job dissatisfaction on one occasion or on two occasions several years apart, had a significantly greater risk of mortality from CVD. Copyright © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd.
KW  - Cardiovascular mortality
KW  - Cardiovascular risk factors
KW  - Job satisfaction
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Self-reported stress
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - mortality
KW  - occupational exposure
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - body mass
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - cardiovascular risk
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - exercise
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - job satisfaction
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - recognition
KW  - screening
KW  - stress
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cardiovascular Diseases
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Job Satisfaction
KW  - Leisure Activities
KW  - Life Style
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Occupational Diseases
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Stress, Psychological
KW  - United Kingdom
N1  - Cited By :40
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SSMDE
C2  - 12061489
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Davey Smith, G.; Canynge Hall, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom; email: zetkin@bristol.ac.uk
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036230841&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2801%2900138-1&partnerID=40&md5=c6663453c96c73edaa425dfcdae694a4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Use, abuse and dependence of ecstasy and related drugs in adolescents and young adults - A transient phenomenon? Results from a longitudinal community study
T2  - Drug and Alcohol Dependence
J2  - Drug Alcohol Depend.
VL  - 66
IS  - 2
SP  - 147
EP  - 159
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1016/S0376-8716(01)00195-8
SN  - 03768716 (ISSN) 
AU  - Von Sydow, K.
AU  - Lieb, R.
AU  - Pfister, H.
AU  - Höfler, M.
AU  - Wittchen, H.-U.
AD  - Technical University of Dresden, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Chemnitzerster No. 46, 01187 Dresden, Germany
AD  - Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Kraepelinstrasse 2, 80804 Munich, Germany
AB  - Objective: To determine incidence and patterns of natural course of ecstasy/stimulant/hallucinogen (ESH) use and disorders as well as cohort effects in a community sample of adolescents and young adults. Method: Cumulative incidence and patterns of ecstasy use and disorders were examined in a prospective longitudinal design (mean follow-up period=42 months) in a representative sample (N=2446) aged 14-24 years at the outset of the study. Patterns of DSM-IV defined ESH use, abuse and dependence were assessed with the Munich Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI). Results: (1) Cumulative lifetime incidence for use of ESH at second follow-up: 9.1%, 1.0% for abuse, 0.6% for dependence; (2) men used and abused ESH more often than women; (3) the younger birth cohort (1977-81) tended to start earlier with substance (ab)use compared to the older birth cohort (1970-77); (4) use of ESH was associated with increasing rates of concomitant use of other licit and illicit drugs; (5) the majority of the lifetime ESH users without disorder had stopped to use these substances and not consumed them during the 12 months preceding the second follow-up; (6) those who had stopped to take ecstasy and related drugs at follow-up also took other illicit drugs less often than those who continued to consume ESH. Conclusions: Use of designer drugs is widespread in our sample, but the probability of developing use disorders is fairly low (1.6%). The majority of the ESH users stopped their use spontaneously in their twenties (80% of the prior users without disorder, 67% of the prior abusers), but 50% of those that once had fulfilled DSM-IV criteria of dependence continued to use these substances. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Abuse
KW  - Cohort
KW  - Dependence
KW  - Ecstasy
KW  - Gender
KW  - Hallucinogens
KW  - Longitudinal study
KW  - Stimulants
KW  - Use
KW  - 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine
KW  - central stimulant agent
KW  - illicit drug
KW  - psychedelic agent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - controlled study
KW  - drug abuse
KW  - drug dependence
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mental disease
KW  - priority journal
KW  - probability
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Female
KW  - Germany
KW  - Hallucinogens
KW  - Humans
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine
KW  - Proportional Hazards Models
KW  - Substance-Related Disorders
N1  - Cited By :108
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: DADED
C2  - 11906802
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Wittchen, H.-U.; Technical University of Dresden, Clin. Psychology and Psychotherapy, Chemnitzerster No. 46, 01187 Dresden, Germany; email: wittchen@mpipsykl.mpg.de
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Hallucinogens; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, 42542-10-9
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036532407&doi=10.1016%2fS0376-8716%2801%2900195-8&partnerID=40&md5=a6d0fff098e3b6fb0e1b86087daaba3e
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Birth weight, health status and physical development of young men after 20 yrs 
ST  - Urodzeniowa masa ciała a stan zdrowia i rozwój fizyczny młodych mȩżczyzn po 20 latach
T2  - Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski
J2  - Pol. Merkuriusz Lek.
VL  - 12
IS  - 68
SP  - 115
EP  - 118
PY  - 2002
SN  - 14269686 (ISSN) 
AU  - Mularczyk-Bal, M.
AU  - Kopczyński, J.
AU  - Lewandowski, Z.
AU  - Rowińska, A.
AD  - Instytut Medycyny Spolecznej, Akademii Medycznej w Warszawie, ul. Oczki 3, 02-007 Warszawa, Poland
AB  - The aim of the study was to assess the health status and physical development of young men with low birth weight (LBW) compared to normal birth weight (NBW). The study was based on the birth cohort of children born in Warsaw at six obstetric wards in 1970-74. The data from the medical records of military conscription units, concerning 682 persons with LBW and 408 persons with NBW, were taken for comparison. Mean height and weight of LBW persons were lower then for those with NBW, with similar weight-for-height proportions. The prevalence of hearing loss was higher among LBW then NBW individuals despite similar rates of ear disorders assessed at the mid-point of the follow-up. Also, neurological disorders were more prevalent among LBW then NBW individuals at the time of conscription, which could not be fully ascribed to the possible birth injuries.
KW  - Adolescence
KW  - Low birth weight (LBW)
KW  - article
KW  - birth injury
KW  - birth weight
KW  - health status
KW  - hearing loss
KW  - human
KW  - low birth weight
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - neurologic disease
KW  - physical development
KW  - Poland
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Anthropometry
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Hearing Loss
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant, Low Birth Weight
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Male
KW  - Military Personnel
KW  - Nervous System Diseases
KW  - Poland
KW  - Prevalence
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PMLOB
C2  - 11995246
LA  - Polish
N1  - Correspondence Address: Mularczyk-Bal, M.; Instytut Medycyny Spolecznej, Akademii Medycznej w Warszawie, ul. Oczki 3, 02-007 Warszawa, Poland
N1  - References: Barker, D.J.P., Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 577-580; 
Barker, D.J.P., Relation of birth weight and childhood respiratory infection to adult function and death from chronic obstructive airways disease (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 672-675; 
Borg, E., Perinatal asphyxia, hypoxia, ischemia and hearing loss. An overview (1997) Scand. Audiol., 26, pp. 77-91; 
Bylund, B., Morbidity and neurological function of very low birth-weight infants from the newborn period to 4 year of age. A prospective study from the south-east region of Sweden (1998) Acta Paediatr., 87, pp. 758-763; 
Coocke, R.W., Abernethy, L.J., Cranial magnetic resonance and school performance in very low birth weight infants in adolescence (1999) Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal. Ed., 81, pp. F116-F121; 
Dunin-Wa̧sowicz, D., Pȩdjch, M., Rowecka-Trzebicka, K., Obserwacje kliniczne noworodków z okoloporodowa̧ leukomalacja̧ (1995) Klinika Pediatr., 3, pp. 47-51; 
Hack, M., Weissman, B., Borawski-Clark, E., Catch-up growth during childhood among very low birth weight children (1996) Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med., 150, pp. 1123-1129; 
Hales, C.N., Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64 (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 1019-1022; 
Hirata, T., Bosque, E., When the grow up, the growth of extremely low birth weight (≤1000g) infants at adolescence (1998) J. Pediatr., 132, pp. 1033-1035; 
Leon, D.A., Reduced fetal growth rate and increased risk of death from ischaemic heart disease, cohort study of 15000 Swedish men and women born 1915-1929 (1998) BMJ, 317, pp. 241-245; 
Mularczyk-Bal, M., Kopczynski, J., Ocena stanu zdrowia dzieci warszawskich w wieku 9-13 lat urodzonych z mala̧ masa̧ ciała w latach 1970-1974 (1992) Pediatria Polska, 57, pp. 56-63; 
Prealta-Cancelen, M.P., Growth of adolescents who were born at extremely low birth weight without major disability (2000) J. Pediatr., 136, pp. 633-640; 
(1992) Rozporza̧dzenie Ministra Obrony Narodowej z dnia 10 czerwca 1992 w sprawie zasad określania zdolności do czynnej służby wojskowej oraz właṡciwości i trybu postȩpowania wojskowych komisji lekarskich w tych sprawach, 57. , Dziennik Ustaw RP, Warszawa 3 sierpnia, poz. 278; 
Sassen, M.L., Otitis media, respiratory tract infections and hearing loss in pre-term and low birtweight infants (1994) Clinic Otolaryng., 19, pp. 179-184; 
Sung, I.K., Vohr, B., Oh, W., Growth and neurodevelopmental outcome of very low birth weight infants (1993) J. Pediatr., 123, pp. 618-624; 
Szamotulska, K., Monitoring celu operacyjnego 13, "Zapobieganie wystepowaniu oraz skutkom wcześniactwa i małej urodzeniowej masy ciala" (2000) Narodowy program zdrowia 1996-2005. Wersja znowelizowena w 2000 roku, pp. 59-60. , Ministerstwo Zdrowia; 
Van Naarden, K., Decoufle, P., Relative and attributable risks for moderate to profound bilateral sensoneural hearing impairment associated with lower birth weight in children 3 to 10 years old (1999) Pediatrics, 104, pp. 905-910; 
Weissglas-Kuperus, N., Baerts, W., Sauer, P.J., Early assessment and neurodevelopmental outcome in very low birth weight infants, implications for pediatric practice (1993) Acta Paediatr., 82, pp. 449-453; 
Whincup, P., Urodzeniowa masa ciała i ciśnienie tȩtnicze porównawcze i odlegle zwia̧zki ujawniaja̧ce siȩ w dzieciństwie (1996) BMJ, pp. 21-25. , wydanie polskie marzec
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Strategic offences in the criminal career context
T2  - British Journal of Criminology
J2  - Br. J. Criminol.
VL  - 42
IS  - 2
SP  - 395
EP  - 411
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1093/bjc/42.2.395
SN  - 00070955 (ISSN) 
AU  - Svensson, R.
AD  - Natl. Council for Crime Prevention, Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - The objective of this study is to identify those first offences which indicate a high risk for a continued criminal career, and those offences for which this risk is low, i. e. to identify those offences which might be termed strategic offences, and those which would not. Insights of this kind provide an important foundation for strategies in the field of crime policy. If the object is to reduce the level of recruitment into a delinquent lifestyle, then it is probably more worthwhile to concentrate on measures focused on those individuals convicted of high-risk offences rather than on those convicted of low-risk offences. The study is based on data from the register of those convicted of criminal offences in Sweden and includes all persons from the 1960, 1965, 1970 and 1975 birth cohorts who have been convicted of criminal offences. The findings indicate that three offence types can be characterized as strategic offences. The crime most readily identifiable as a strategic offence is vehicle theft, but non-vehicle thefts and robbery (including mugging) are also predictive of a long and serious subsequent career in delinquency. Shoplifting and motoring offences, including drink driving, are indicative of a low risk of becoming a chronic offender. The study concludes that from the perspective of crime policy, it is important to make use of these results in order to identify if possible the group of individuals most at risk of continuing along the criminal career path.
N1  - Cited By :27
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Svensson, R.; Natl. Council for Crime Prevention, Stockholm, Sweden; email: robert.svensson@bra.se
N1  - References: Andersson, J., (1993) A Longitudinal Simulation Study of Incapacitation Effects, , Research report No. 38, Project Metropolitan. Department of Sociology: Stockholm University; 
Blumstein, A., Farrington, D.F., Moitra, S., Delinquency Careers: Innocents, Desisters, and Persisters (1985) Crime and Justice. An Annual Review of Research, 6, pp. 187-219. , M. Tonry, and N. Morris, eds., Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 
Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., Roth, J., Visher, C.A., (1986) Criminal Careers and "Careers Criminal", 1. , Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 
Farrington, D.P., Predicting Individual Crime Rates (1987) Prediction and Classification. Criminal Justice Decision Making, 9, pp. 53-101. , D. M. Gottfredson, and M. Tonry, eds., Crime and Justice, Chicago: University Chicago Press; 
Criminal Career Research in the United Kingdom' (1992) British Journal of Criminology, 32, pp. 521-536; 
Criminal Career Research: Lessons for Crime Prevention (1992) Studies on Crime and Crime Prevention, 1, pp. 7-29; 
Key Issues in the Integration of Motivational and Opportunity-Reducing Crime Prevention Strategies (1995) Integrating Crime Prevention Strategies: Propensity and Opportunity, pp. 333-357. , P.-O. H. Wikström, R. V. Clarke, and J. McCord, eds., Brå-report 1995:5. National Council for Crime Prevention. Fritzes: Stockholm; 
Explaining and Preventing the Globalization of Knowledge - The American Society of Criminology (2000) Criminology, 38, pp. 1-24; 
Farrington, D.P., Maughan, B., Criminal Careers of Two London Cohorts (1999) Criminal Behavior and Mental Health, 9, pp. 91-106; 
Farrington, D.P., West, D.J., Criminal, Penal and Life Histories of Chronic Offenders: Risk and Protective Factors and Early Identification (1993) Criminal Behavior and Mental Health, 3, pp. 492-523; 
Farrington, D.P., Wikström, P.-O.H., Criminal Careers in London and Stockholm: A Cross-National Comparative Study (1994) Cross-National Longitudinal Research on Human Development and Criminal Behavior, pp. 65-89. , E. G. M. Weitekamp, and H. J. Kerner, eds., Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 
Fox, J.A., Tracy, P.E., A Measure of Skewness in Offense Distributions (1988) Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 4, pp. 259-274; 
Hawkins, J.D., Preventing Crime and Violence Through Communities that Care (1999) European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 7, pp. 443-458; 
Hawkins, J.D., Catalano, R.F., (1992) Communities that Care, , San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 
Le Blanc, M., Common, Temporary and Chronic Delinquencies: Prevention Strategies During Compulsory School (1995) Integrating Crime Prevention Strategies: Propensity and Opportunity, pp. 169-206. , P.-O. H. Wikström, R. V. Clarke, and J. McCord, eds., Brå-report 1995: 5. National Council for Crime Prevention. Fritzes: Stockholm; 
Loeber, R., Farrington, D.P., Waschbusch, D.A., Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders (1998) Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions, pp. 13-29. , R. Loeber and D. P. Farrington, eds., Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage; 
Nagin, D.S., Land, K.C., Age, Criminal Careers, and Population Heterogeneity: Specification and Estimation of a Nonparametric, Mixed Poisson Model (1993) Criminology, 31, pp. 327-362; 
Nagin, D.S., Farrington, D.P., Moffitt, T.E., Life-Course Trajectories of Different Types of Offenders (1995) Criminology, 33, pp. 111-139; 
Petersilia, J., Criminal Career Research: A Review of Recent Evidence (1980) Crime and Justice. An Annual Review of Research, 2, pp. 321-375. , N. Morris and M. Tonry, eds., Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 
Savitz, L.D., Official Statistics (1982) Contemporary Criminology, pp. 3-15. , L. D. Savitz and, N. Johnston, eds., New York: John Wiley and Sons; 
Stattin, H., Magnusson, D., Reichel, H., Criminal Activity at Different Ages: A Study Based on a Swedish Longitudinal Research Population (1989) British Journal of Criminology, 29, pp. 368-385; 
Von Hofer, H., Lenke, L., Thorsson, U., Criminality among 13 Swedish Birth Cohorts (1983) British Journal of Criminology, 23, pp. 263-269; 
Wikström, P.-O.H., (1987) Patterns of Crime in a Birth Cohort, , Research Report No 24, Project Metropolitan, Department of Sociology: Stockholm University; 
Wikström, P.-O.H., Self-Control, Temptations, Frictions and Punishment: An Integrated Approach to Crime Prevention (1995) Integrating Crime Prevention Strategies: Propensity and Opportunity, pp. 7-38. , P.-O. H. Wikström, R. V. Clarke, and J. McCord, eds., Brå-report 1995: 5. National Council for Crime Prevention. Fritzes: Stockholm; 
Wolfgang, M.E., Figlio, R.M., Sellin, T., (1972) Delinquency in a Birth Cohort, , Illinois: University of Chicago Press
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036253241&doi=10.1093%2fbjc%2f42.2.395&partnerID=40&md5=11acb5a7c92b33ead89376199f52d239
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Impact of the American anti-smoking campaign on lung cancer mortality
T2  - International Journal of Cancer
J2  - Int. J. Cancer
VL  - 97
IS  - 6
SP  - 804
EP  - 806
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1002/ijc.10108
SN  - 00207136 (ISSN) 
AU  - Rodu, B.
AU  - Cole, P.
AD  - Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
AD  - SDB 81, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, United States
AB  - Customary statistics on smoking practices are limited because they do not correlate well with the frequency of smoking-related diseases. Our study developed outcome measures based on lung cancer mortality and used them to assess the anti-smoking campaign. Changes in mortality from lung cancer were used to assess significant smoking among 5-year birth cohorts of white men born from 1901 to 1942. We used each cohort's lung cancer mortality rate at ages 40-44 to indicate its earlier smoking. A lung cancer mortality ratio was developed to describe each cohort's continued smoking from ages 40-44 to 55-59. These ratios were then compared with the durations of the cohorts' exposure to the anti-smoking campaign that began in 1965. Lung cancer mortality in white men ages 40-44 peaked in 1970 and declined continuously thereafter, indicating that the anti-smoking campaign promptly reduced significant smoking among younger men. However, the lung cancer mortality ratio indicates that only half of smokers in the specified birth cohorts were able to quit by ages 55-59, despite receiving ever more intense anti-smoking messages. The anti-smoking campaign produced moderate benefits among younger white male smokers but fewer benefits among older smokers because of the existence of a large number of inveterate smokers. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
KW  - Inveterate smokers
KW  - Lung cancer mortality
KW  - Smoking
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cancer epidemiology
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - Caucasian
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - human
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - outcomes research
KW  - priority journal
KW  - smoking
KW  - smoking cessation
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - United States
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Lung Neoplasms
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Smoking Cessation
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :7
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJCNA
C2  - 11857358
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Rodu, B.; SDB 81, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, United States; email: rodu@uab.edu
N1  - References: Jackson, R., Beaglehole, R., Secular trends in underreporting of cigarette consumption (1985) Am J Epidemiology, 122, pp. 341-344; 
Thun, M.J., Myers, D.G., Lally, C., Age and exposure-response relationships between cigarette smoking and premature death. Cancer Prevention Study II Changes in cigarette-related disease risks and their implication for prevention and control. Smoking and control monograph 8, , Bethesda, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, NIH Publication No. 97-4213; 
Walker, W.J., Brin, B.N., US lung cancer mortality and declining cigarette tobacco consumption (1988) J Clin Epidemiol, 41, pp. 179-185; 
Lee, P.N., Forey, B.A., Trends in cigarette consumption cannot fully explain trends in British lung cancer rates (1998) J Epidemiol Community Health, 52, pp. 82-92; 
Achievements in public health, 1900-1999: Tobacco use: United States (1999) MMWR, 48, pp. 986-993; 
Cole, P., Rodu, B., Declining cancer mortality in the United States (1996) Cancer, 78, pp. 2045-2048; 
(1990) The Health Benefits of Smoking Cessation; A report of the Surgeon General, , Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services; 
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(1993) Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 42-45. , Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics; 
(1999) National Vital Statistics Reports, 47 (25). , US Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics. October 5; 
Doll, R., Peto, R., Wheatley, K., Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 Years' observation on male British doctors (1994) Br Med J, 309, pp. 901-911; 
Halpern, M.T., Gillespie, B.W., Warner, K.E., Patterns of absolute risk of lung cancer mortality in former smokers (1993) JNCI, 85, pp. 457-464; 
Rodu, B., Cole, P., Nicotine maintenance for inveterate smokers (1999) Technology, 6, pp. 17-21; 
Peto, R., Darby, S., Deo, H., Smoking, smoking cessation, and lung cancer in the UK since 1950: Combination of national statistics with two case-control studies (2000) BMJ, 321, pp. 323-329; 
Cigarette smoking-attributable mortality and years of potential life lost (1993) MMWR, 42, pp. 645-649; 
Stratton, K., Shetty, P., Wallace, R., (2001) Clearing the smoke: Assessing the science base for tobacco harm reduction, , Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Abdominal wall defects in Denmark, 1970-89
T2  - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
J2  - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol.
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
SP  - 73
EP  - 81
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2002.00392.x
SN  - 02695022 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bugge, M.
AU  - Holm, N.V.
AD  - Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
AD  - John F. Kennedy Institute, Glostrup, Denmark
AD  - Institute of Public Health, Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
AD  - Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Panum Instituttet, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
AB  - In the last two to three decades, increasing rates of gastroschisis but not of omphalocele have been reported from different parts of the world. The present study represents a register containing 469 children born with abdominal wall defects based on data retrieved from 20 birth cohorts (1970-89) in three nationwide registries. A tentative estimate of the completeness as regards identification of liveborn and stillborn infants is a minimum of 95% and 90% respectively. All cases were reclassified to 166 cases of gastroschisis, 258 of omphalocele and 16 of gross abdominal wall defect. The average point prevalence at birth of gastroschisis was 1.33 per 10 000 live and stillbirths. During the first decade, an increase in prevalence occurred culminating in 1976, followed by a decrease reaching its initial value in 1983 and then a new increase. Overall, no significant linear trend could be demonstrated for the entire period. The average point prevalence at birth for omphalocele was 2.07 and for gross abdominal wall defect 0.12 per 10 000 live and stillbirths with no significant change in the period. The geographical distribution of gastroschisis and omphalocele showed no difference per county.
KW  - abdominal wall defect
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - Denmark
KW  - female
KW  - gastroschisis
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - maternal age
KW  - newborn
KW  - omphalocele
KW  - prevalence
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - stillbirth
KW  - urban area
KW  - Abdominal Muscles
KW  - Birth Certificates
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Death Certificates
KW  - Denmark
KW  - Fetal Death
KW  - Gastroschisis
KW  - Hernia, Umbilical
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Registries
N1  - Cited By :30
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PPEPE
C2  - 11856457
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Bugge, M.; W. Johannsen Ctr. Funct. Genome Res., Institute of Biochemistry, Panum Instituttet, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; email: MB@IMBG.ku.dk
N1  - References: Lindham, S., Omphalocele and gastroschisis in Sweden 1965-76 (1981) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 70, pp. 55-60; 
(1991) Congenital Malformations Worldwide. A Report from The International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Monitoring Systems, , Amsterdam: Elsevier; 
Moore, T.C., Stokes, G.E., Gastroschisis (1953) Surgery, 33, pp. 112-120; 
(1958) Klassifikation af sygdomme. 7. revision, , København: Sundhedsstyrelsen; 
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Mastroiacovo, P., Källen, B., Knudsen, L.B., Lanchester, P.A.L., Castilla, E.E., Mutchinick, O., Absence of limbs and gross body wall defects: An epidemiological study of related rare malformation conditions (1992) Teratology, 46, pp. 455-464; 
Bishop, Y.M.M., Fienberg, S.E., Holland, P.W., (1974) Discrete Multivariate Analysis: Theory and Practice, pp. 229-237. , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 
Fleiss, J.L., (1974) Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, , New York: John Wiley & Sons; 
Mantel, N., Chi-square test with one degree of freedom: Extension of the Mantel-Haenszel procedure (1963) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 58, pp. 690-700; 
Hauge, M., Bugge, M., Nielsen, J., Early diagnosis of omphalocele constitutes indication for amniocentesis (1983) Lancet, 2, p. 507; 
Torfs, C., Curry, C., Roeper, P., Gastroschisis (1990) Journal of Pediatrics, 116, pp. 1-6; 
Nielsen, J., The Danish Cytogenetic Central Register: Organization and results (1980) Topics in Human Genetics, 5, pp. 1-86; 
Egenaes, J., Bjerkedal, T., Forekomst av gastroschisis og omphalocele i Norge 1967-79 (1982) Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening, 102, pp. 172-176; 
Tan, K.H., Kilby, M.D., Whittle, M.J., Beattie, B.R., Booth, J.W., Botting, B.J., Congenital anterior abdominal wall defects in England and Wales 1987-93: Retrospective analysis of OPCS data (1996) British Medical Journal, 313, pp. 903-906; 
Hemminki, K., Saloniemi, I., Kyyrönen, P., Kekomäki, M., Gastroschisis and omphalocele in Finland in the 1970s: Prevalence at birth and its correlates (1982) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 36, pp. 289-293; 
Martinez-Frias, M.L., Salvador, J., Prieto, L., Zaplana, J., Epidemiological study of gastroschisis and omphalocele in Spain (1984) Teratology, 29, pp. 377-382; 
Roepers, P.J., Harris, J., Lee, G., Neutra, R., Secular rates and correlates for gastroschisis in California 1968-77 (1987) Teratology, 35, pp. 203-210; 
Penman, D.G., Fisher, R.M., Noblett, H.R., Soothill, P.W., Increase in incidence of gastroschisis in the south west of England in 1995 (1998) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 105, pp. 328-331; 
Rankin, J., Dillon, E., Wright, C., Congenital anterior abdominal wall defects in the north of England, 1986-96: Occurrence and outcome (1999) Prenatal Diagnosis, 19, pp. 662-668; 
Forrester, M.B., Merz, R.D., Epidemiology of abdominal wall defects, Hawaii, 1986-97 (1999) Teratology, 60, pp. 117-123; 
Suita, S., Okamatsu, T., Yamamoto, T., Handa, N., Nirasawa, Y., Watanabe, Y., Changing profile of abdominal wall defects in Japan: Results of a national survey (2000) Journal of Pedatric Surgery, 35, pp. 66-72; 
Baird, P.A., MacDonald, E.C., An epidemiologic study of congenital malformations of the anterior abdominal wall in more than half a million consecutive live births (1981) American Journal of Human Genetics, 33, pp. 470-478; 
Byron-Scott, R., Haan, E., Chan, A., Bower, C., Scott, H., Clark, K., A population-based study of abdominal wall defects in South Australia and Western Australia (1998) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 12, pp. 136-151; 
Calzolari, E., Volpato, S., Bianchi, F., Cianciulli, D., Tenconi, R., Clementi, M., Omphalocele and gastroschisis: A collaborative study of five Italian congenital malformation registries (1993) Teratology, 47, pp. 47-55; 
Nielsen, O.H., Kvist, N., Brocks, V., Abdominal wall defects in the era of prenatal diagnosis (1995) Pediatric Surgery International, 11, pp. 4-7; 
Torfs, C.P., Velie, E.M., Oechsli, F.W., Bateson, T.F., Curry, C.J., A population-based study of gastroschisis: Demographic, pregnancy, and lifestyle risk factors (1994) Teratology, 50, pp. 44-53; 
Stone, D.H., Rimaz, S., Gilmour, W.H., Prevalence of congenital anterior abdominal wall defects in the United Kingdom: Comparison of regional registers (1998) British Medical Journal, 317, pp. 1118-1119
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Applying modern survival analysis methods to longitudinal dental caries studies
T2  - Journal of Dental Research
J2  - J. Dent. Res.
VL  - 81
IS  - 2
SP  - 144
EP  - 148
PY  - 2002
SN  - 00220345 (ISSN) 
AU  - Härkänen, T.
AU  - Larmas, M.A.
AU  - Virtanen, J.I.
AU  - Arjas, E.
AD  - Rolf Nevanlinna Institute, University of Helsinki, PO Box 4, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Department of Preventive Dentistry and Cariology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland
AB  - Before the 1960s, tooth-specific caries risk was reported to be highest at 2 to 4 years after eruption. We studied the tooth-specific caries risk in three contemporary age cohorts in Finland. All together, 4072 boys and girls were followed annually from age 6 to age 18+ years in three age cohorts born in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. We used a survival model and Bayesian inferential methods in the statistical analyses to establish the secular changes during this period. The analysis was based on the caries risk in individual teeth as a function of tooth age instead of summary measures, such as DMFS values. Our first finding was a marked overall decrease of caries. Moreover, analyses of the 1960 and 1970 cohorts revealed that the risk in molar teeth was highest immediately after eruption; in the youngest cohort, however, the risks of individual teeth were so low that no such dependencies on tooth age could be established.
KW  - Bayesian inference
KW  - Dental caries
KW  - Intensity model
KW  - Measurement model
KW  - Survival analysis
KW  - adolescent
KW  - algorithm
KW  - article
KW  - Bayes theorem
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - dental caries
KW  - female
KW  - Finland
KW  - follow up
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - incisor
KW  - male
KW  - molar tooth
KW  - pathology
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - risk factor
KW  - survival
KW  - tooth
KW  - tooth eruption
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Bayes Theorem
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Dental Caries
KW  - Dental Caries Susceptibility
KW  - DMF Index
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incisor
KW  - Male
KW  - Molar
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Survival Analysis
KW  - Tooth
KW  - Tooth Eruption
N1  - Cited By :32
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JDREA
C2  - 11827260
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Härkänen, T.; Rolf Nevanlinna Institute, University of Helsinki, PO Box 4, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland; email: Tommi.Harkanen@RNI.helsinki.fi
N1  - References: Andersen, P.K., Borgan, O., Gill, R.D., Keiding, N., (1993) Statistical Models Based on Counting Processes, , New York: Springer Verlag; 
Carlos, J.P., Gittelsohn, A.M., Longitudinal studies of the natural history of caries-II (1965) Arch Oral Biol, 10, pp. 739-751; 
Espelid, I., Tveit, A.B., Mejàre, I., Sundberg, H., Hallonsten, A.L., Restorative treatment decisions on occlusal caries in Scandinavia (2001) Acta Odontol Scand, 59, pp. 21-27; 
Gelman, A., Carlin, J.B., Stern, H.S., Rubin, D.B., (1995) Bayesian Data Analysis, , Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC; 
Gilthorpe, M.S., Maddick, I.H., Petrie, A., Introduction to Bayesian modelling in dental research (2000) Community Dent Health, 17, pp. 218-221; 
Hannigan, A., O'Mullane, D.M., Barry, D., Schäfer, F., Roberts, A.J., A re-analysis of a caries clinical trial by survival analysis (2001) J Dent Res, 80, pp. 427-431; 
Härkänen, T., Virtanen, J.I., Arjas, E., Caries on permanent teeth: A nonparametric Bayesian analysis (2000) Scand J Stat, 27, pp. 577-588; 
Hujoel, P.P., Loe, H., Anerud, A., Boysen, H., Leroux, B.G., Forty-five-year tooth survival probabilities among men in Oslo, Norway (1998) J Dent Res, 77, pp. 2020-2027; 
Larmas, M.A., Use of normal dental records longitudinally as novel indicators of oral health and general well-being of Europeans (1999) Biomedical and Health Research Programme 1994-98. Summaries of Research Projects Supported under Biomed 2, 2, pp. 414-415. , Brussels: European Commission, Directorate General Research; 
Larmas, M.A., Virtanen, J.I., Bloigu, R.S., Timing of first restorations in permanent teeth: A new system for oral health determination (1995) J Dent, 23, pp. 347-352; 
Suni, J., Helenius, H., Alanen, P., Tooth and tooth surface survival rates in birth cohorts from 1965, 1970, 1975, and 1980 in Lahti, Finland (1998) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 26, pp. 101-106; 
Tanner, M.A., Wong, W.H., The calculation of posterior distributions by data augmentation (1987) J Am Statist Assoc, 82, pp. 528-550; 
Virtanen, J.I., Larmas, M.A., Timing of first fillings on different permanent tooth surfaces in Finnish schoolchildren (1995) Acta Odontol Scand, 53, pp. 287-292; 
Virtanen, J.I., Bloigu, R.S., Larmas, M.A., Timing of eruption of permanent teeth: Standard Finnish patient documents (1994) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 22, pp. 286-288; 
Virtanen, J.I., Bloigu, R.S., Larmas, M.A., Effect of early restorations of permanent molars on filling increments of individual teeth (1997) J Dent, 25, pp. 17-24
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036482452&partnerID=40&md5=123794a0005e47610b7df1e8395a9fe1
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Smoking during pregnancy and diabetes mellitus in a British longitudinal birth cohort
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - Br. Med. J.
VL  - 324
IS  - 7328
SP  - 26
EP  - 27
PY  - 2002
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Montgomery, S.M.
AU  - Ekbom, A.
AD  - Enheten för Klinisk Epidemiologi, Karolinska Sjukhuset L1:00, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - malnutrition
KW  - metabolic regulation
KW  - non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
KW  - obesity
KW  - onset age
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - prenatal exposure
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - risk factor
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smoking
N1  - Cited By :146
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 11777801
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Montgomery, S.M.; Enheten for Klinisk Epidemiologi, Karolinska Sjukhuset L1:00, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; email: Montgomery@medks.ki.se
N1  - References: Barker, D.J., Hales, C.N., Fall, C.H., Phipps, K., Clark, P.M., Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia (syndrome X): Relation to reduced foetal growth (1993) Diabetologia, 36, pp. 62-67; 
Valdez, R., Athens, M.A., Thompson, G.H., Bradshw, B.S., Stern, M.P., Birth-weight and adult health outcomes in a biethnic population in the USA (1994) Diabetologia, 37, pp. 624-631; 
Orahilly, S., Spivey, R.S., Holman, R.R., Nugent, Z., Clark, A., Turner, R.C., Type-II diabetes of early onset - A distinct clinical and genetic syndrome (1987) BMJ, 294, pp. 923-928; 
Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J.M., Montgomery, S.M., Shepherd, P., An Integrated approach to the design and analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS), p. 1992. , London: Centre for Longitudinal Studies, University of London; 
Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The fifth follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Pertussis infection in childhood and subsequent Type 1 diabetes mellitus
T2  - Diabetic Medicine
J2  - Diabetic Med.
VL  - 19
IS  - 12
SP  - 986
EP  - 993
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00841.x
SN  - 07423071 (ISSN) 
AU  - Montgomery, S.M.
AU  - Ehlin, A.G.C.
AU  - Ekbom, A.
AU  - Wakefield, A.J.
AD  - Enheten for Klinisk Epidemiologi, Inst. Med. Karolinska Sjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Department of Medicine, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., London, United Kingdom
AD  - Enheten for Klinisk Epidemiologi, Karolinska Sjukhuset M9:01, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - Aims. Pertussis has been implicated but not proven as a risk for Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Previous studies have investigated paediatric, but not adult-onset Type 1 DM. We investigated association of pertussis exposures and Type 1 DM with follow-up into adulthood. Methods. Longitudinal analysis of 16 820 members (100 with Type 1 DM) of two nationally representative British birth cohorts (the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS)) followed from birth to ages 30 years (BCS70) and 42 years (NCDS). Cox regression analysis with age of onset for Type 1 DM as the dependent variable investigated relationships with pertussis infection and immunization, modelled as time-dependent co-variates. Simultaneous adjustment was made for Wild measles, mumps and chickenpox infections; tetanus and smallpox immunizations; sex, parental social class and cohort. The potential confounding factors were modelled as fixed co-variates. Results. Cox regression analysis produced adjusted odds ratios (ORs) (with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)) of 2.21 (1.35-3.59) and 0.73 (0.49-1.05) for Type 1 DM (with onset at any age) associated with pertussis infections and immunization (trend over number of vaccinations), respectively. Adjusted ORs from Cox regression for Type 1 DM with onset after age 10 years are 2.59 (1.56-4.30) for pertussis infection and 0.63 (0.42-0.94) for pertussis immunization. None of the other infections or immunizations are notably associated with Type 1 DM. Conclusions. Some pertussis infections may be a risk for Type 1 DM and immunization may confer protection. Further research should consider delayed Type 1 DM following pertussis exposures.
KW  - Adult-onset
KW  - Immunization
KW  - Infection
KW  - Pertussis
KW  - Type 1 diabetes mellitus
KW  - pertussis vaccine
KW  - pertussis vaccine
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - body mass
KW  - bronchitis
KW  - chickenpox
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - immunization
KW  - infant
KW  - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - measles
KW  - mumps
KW  - newborn
KW  - onset age
KW  - pertussis
KW  - pneumonia
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - risk factor
KW  - sex
KW  - smallpox
KW  - social class
KW  - tetanus
KW  - vaccination
KW  - follow up
KW  - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - methodology
KW  - pertussis
KW  - preschool child
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age of Onset
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Immunization
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Pertussis Vaccine
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Whooping Cough
N1  - Cited By :10
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: DIMEE
C2  - 12647838
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Montgomery, S.M.; Enheten for Klinisk Epidemiologi, Karolinska Sjukhuset M9:01, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; email: Scott.Montgomery@medks.ki.se
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Pertussis Vaccine
N1  - References: Rose, N.R., Mackay, I.R., Molecular mimicry: A critical look at exemplary instances in human diseases (2000) Cellular Mol Life Sci, 57, pp. 542-551; 
Classen, J.B., The timing of immunization affects the development of diabetes in rodents (1996) Autoimmunity, 24, pp. 137-145; 
Classen, D.C., Classen, J.B., The timing of pediatric immunization and the risk of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (1997) Infectious Dis Clin Prac, 6, pp. 1-6; 
Hummel, M., Fuchtenbusch, M., Schenker, M., Ziegler, A.G., No major association of breast-feeding, vaccinations, and childhood viral diseases with early islet autoimmunity in the German BABYDIAB study (2000) Diabetes Care, 23, pp. 969-974; 
Heijbell, H., Chen, R.T., Dahlquist, G., Cumulative incidence of childhood-onset IDDM is unaffected by pertussis immunization (1997) Diabetes Care, 20, pp. 173-175; 
Graves, P.M., Barriga, K.J., Norris, J.M., Hoffman, M.R., Yu, L., Eisenbarth, G.S., Lack of association between early childhood immunizations and β-cell autoimmunity (1999) Diabetes Care, 22, pp. 1694-1697; 
Blom, L., Nyström, L., Dahlquist, G., The Swedish childhood diabetes study (1991) Diabetologia, 34, pp. 176-181; 
Zinkernagel, R.M., Immunology taught by viruses (1997) Science, 271, pp. 173-178; 
Zinkernagel, R.M., Maternal antibodies, childhood infections, and autoimmune diseases (2001) N Engl J Med, 345, pp. 1331-1335; 
Wurzelman, J.I., Lyles, C.M., Sandler, R.S., Childhood infections and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (1994) Digestive Dis Sci, 39, pp. 555-560; 
Gent, A.E., Hellier, M.D., Grace, R.H., Swarbrick, E.T., Coggon, D., Inflammatory bowel disease and domestic hygiene in infancy (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 766-767; 
Cardinal, J.W., Margison, G.P., Mynett, K.J., Yates, A.P., Cameron, D.P., Elder, R.H., Increased susceptibility to streptozotocin-induced beta-cell apoptosis and delayed autoimmune diabetes in alkylpurine-DNA-N-glycosylase-deficient mice (2001) Mol Cellular Biol, 21, pp. 5605-5613; 
Ramachandran, A., Snehalatha, C., Joseph, T.A., Vijay, V., Viswanathan, M., Delayed-onset of diabetes in children of low economic stratum - A study from southern India (1994) Diabetes Res Clin Prac, 22, pp. 171-174; 
Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J.M., Montgomery, S.M., Shepherd, P., (1992) An Integrated Approach to the Design and Analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS), , London: CLS, Institute of Education; 
Bynner, J.M., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., (1998) Twenty-Something in the 1990s, , Aldershot: Ashgate; 
Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-Up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; 
Norusis, M.J., (1989) SPSS User's Guide, , Chicago: SPSS Inc; 
Schuster, A., Hofmann, A., Reinhardt, D., Does pertussis infection induce manifestations of allergy (1993) Clin Invest, 71, pp. 208-213; 
Blane, D., Montgomery, S.M., Berney, L.R., Social class differences in lifetime exposure to environmental hazards (1998) Sociol Health Illness, 20, pp. 532-536; 
(2002) Immunisation Coverage, , www.phls.co.uk; 
Nielsen, N.M., Hedegaard, K., Aaby, P., Intensity of exposure and severity of whooping cough (2001) J Infection, 43, pp. 177-181; 
He, Q.S., Arvilommi, H., Viljanen, M.K., Mertsola, J., Outcomes of Bordetella infections in vaccinated children: Effects of bacterial number in the nasopharynx and patient age (1999) Clin Diagnostic Lab Immunol, 6, pp. 534-536; 
Aaby, P., Influence of cross-sex transmission on measles mortality in rural Senegal (1992) Lancet, 340, pp. 388-391; 
Aaby, P., Bukh, J., Lisse, I.M., Smits, A.J., Overcrowding and intensive exposure as determinants of measles mortality (1984) Am J Epidemiol, 120, pp. 49-63; 
Burnet, M., White, D.O., (1972) Natural History of Infectious Disease, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 
Gibbon, C., Smith, T., Egger, P., Betts, P., Phillips, D., Early infection and subsequent insulin dependent diabetes (1997) Arch Dis Childhood, 77, pp. 384-385; 
Ludewig, B., Ochsenbein, A.F., Odermatt, B., Paulin, D., Hengartner, H., Zinkernagel, R.M., Immunotherapy with dendritic cells directed against tumor antigens shared with normal host cells results in severe autoimmune disease (2000) J Exp Med, 191, pp. 795-804; 
Huang, S.W., Taylor, G., Basid, A., The effect of pertussis vaccine on the insulin-dependent diabetes induced by streptozotocin in mice (1984) Pediatric Res, 18, pp. 221-226; 
Ben-Nun, A., Yossefi, S., Lehmann, D., Protection against autoimmune diseases by bacterial agents II PPD and pertussis toxin as proteins active in protecting mice against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (1993) Eur J Immunol, 23, pp. 689-696
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Millennium Cohort Study.
T2  - Population trends
J2  - Popul Trends
IS  - 107
SP  - 30
EP  - 34
PY  - 2002
SN  - 03074463 (ISSN) 
AU  - Smith, K.
AU  - Joshi, H.
AB  - The Millennium Cohort Study is the latest in the line of British birth cohort studies. MCS resembles its predecessors which follow people born in 1946, 1958 and 1970 in the intention to become multi-purpose longitudinal data resource charting many aspects of individual's lives over time. The families of a sample of around 20,000 babies are being interviewed during 2001-02, when eligible babies reach 9 months, to establish the conditions from which they set out in life. The survey contrasts with the previous cohort studies in various ways. Instead of taking all births in one week, the sample of births is spread over a year; the births are from a selection of electoral wards, thereby enabling eventual analysis by neighbourhood characteristics; it also over samples children living in deprived areas, wards with high ethnic minority populations and samples have been boosted in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The latter UK country has not been covered by the other studies. It interviews fathers as well as mothers, and given that its initial funding comes via the ESRC, puts a greater emphasis on socio-economic data than in early parts of the other studies. MCS has been enhanced by additional Government funding. The research team, based at the Institute of Education, aims to deposit a multi-purpose dataset for public use at the ESRC data Archive in the Spring of 2003.
KW  - article
KW  - birth rate
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - comparative study
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - information processing
KW  - male
KW  - medical informatics
KW  - pilot study
KW  - social class
KW  - social environment
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Birth Rate
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Pilot Projects
KW  - Public Health Informatics
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Social Environment
N1  - Cited By :46
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 12152184
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Smith, K.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036517291&partnerID=40&md5=d9119f2df1b8ffbbffa912e585265cf9
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Social exclusion and the transition from school to work: The case of young people not in education, employment, or training (NEET)
T2  - Journal of Vocational Behavior
J2  - J. Vocat. Behav.
VL  - 60
IS  - 2
SP  - 289
EP  - 309
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1006/jvbe.2001.1868
SN  - 00018791 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bynner, J.
AU  - Parsons, S.
AD  - Center for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
AB  - In the modern labor market what Côté (1996) describes as "identity capital"-comprising educational, social, and psychological resources-is at a premium in entering and maintaining employment. One consequence is the extension of education and training while young people acquire the qualifications and skills that will enhance their employability. In accordance with the perspective of life span developmental psychology, this places particular pressure on those young people growing up in disadvantaged circumstances and lacking support, especially when attempting to negotiate the transition from school to work. A particular policy concern in Britain has been directed at those young people who leave full-time education at the minimum age of 16 and then spend a substantial period not in education, employment, or training (NEET). This article reports the result of analyzing longitudinal data, collected for a subsample of the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study surveyed at age 21, to model the relationship of NEET status to earlier educational achievement and circumstances and to assess the added difficulties NEET poses in relation to the building of adult identity capital. It is concluded that although poor educational achievement is the major factor in entering NEET, inner city living for boys and lack of parental interest in their education for girls are also important. For young men the consequences of NEET lie mainly in subsequent poor labor market experience. For young women, the majority of whom are teenage mothers, the damaging effects of NEET extend to the psychological domain as well. It is concluded that effective counseling targeted at high risk groups, along the lines of the new UK "ConneXions" service, are needed to help young people avoid the damaging effects of NEET and make a successful transition to adult life. © 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).
KW  - Education
KW  - Human capital
KW  - Identity capital
KW  - Labor market
KW  - Qualifications
KW  - Social capital
KW  - Teenage motherhood
KW  - Training
KW  - Transition to work
KW  - Unemployment
PB  - Academic Press Inc.
N1  - Cited By :150
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JVBHA
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Bynner, J.; Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom; email: jb@cls.ioe.ac.uk
N1  - References: Arnot, M., David, M., Weiner, G., Closing the gender gap (1999), Cambridge, MA: Polity Press; Atkinson, A.B., Hills, J., Exclusion, employment and opportunity (1997), London: Center for the Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics and Political Science; Banks, M., Bates, I., Breakwell, G., Bynner, J., Emler, N., Jamieson, L., Roberts, K., Careers and identities (1992), Buckingham: Open University Press; Becker, G.S., Human capital (1975), Washing DC: National Bureau of Economic Research; Beck, U., Risk society (1986), London: Sage; Bentley, T., Gurumurthy, R., Destination unknown: Engaging with the problems of marginalised youth (1999), London: Demos; Blustein, D.L., Phillips, S.D., Jobin-Davis, K., Finkelberg, S.L., Roarke, A.E., A theory building investigation of the School-for-work transition (1997) The Counselling Psychologist, 25, pp. 364-402; 
Bourdieu, P., Passeron, J.-C., Reproduction in education, society and culture (1977), Beverley Hills: Sage; Breen, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., Class, mobility and merit: The experience of two British birth cohorts (2001) European Sociological Review, 17 (2), pp. 1-27; 
Brooks-Gunn, J., Phelps, E., Elder, G.H., Studying lives through time: Secondary data analyses in developmental psychology (1991) Developmental Psychology, 27, pp. 899-910; 
Bynner, J., Education and family components of identity in the transition from school to work (1998) International Journal of Behavioral Development, 22, pp. 29-54; 
Bynner, J., New routes to employment: Integration and exclusion (1999) From Education to Work: Cross National Perspectives, , W.R. Heinz (Ed.), Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press; 
Bynner, J., Parsons, S., Getting on with qualifications (1997) Twenty Something in the 1990s: Getting on, Getting by, Getting Nowhere, , J. Bynner, E., Ferri, & P. Shepherd (Eds.), Gower, UK; Ashgate; 
Bynner, J., Chisholm, L., Furlong, A., Youth, citizenship and social change (1997), Aldershot, UK: Ashgate; Bynner, J., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., Twenty something in the 1990s: Getting on, getting by, getting nowhere (1997), Aldershot, UK: Ashgate; Bynner, J., Roberts, K., Youth and work: Transition to employment in England and Germany (1991), London: Anglo-German Foundation; Coleman, J., Social capital in the creation of human capital (1998) American Journal of Sociology, 94 (SUPPL.), pp. 95-120; 
Coles, R., Changing patterns of youth transition: Vulnerable groups, welfare careers and social exclusion (2000) Adversity and Challenge in the Life Course in England and Germany, , J. Bynner & R. K. Silbereisen (Eds.), Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan; 
Côté, J.E., Sociological perspective on identity formation: The culture-identity link (1996) Journal of Adolescence, 19, pp. 417-428; 
Côté, J.E., An empirical test of the identity capital model (1997) Journal of Adolescence, 20, pp. 577-597; 
Crocket, L., Silbereisen, R., Negotiating adolescence in times of social change (2000), Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press; Education and training for the 21st century (1991), DES (Department of Education and Science). London: H.M Stationery Office; Dolton, P., Makepiece, G., Hutton, S., Audas, R., Making the grade: Education, the labour market and young people (1999), York, UK: Joseph Rowntree Foundation; Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J., The basic skills of young adults (1994), London: ALBSU; Elder G.H., Jr., Children of the Great Depression: Social change in life experience (1974), Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press; Elder G.H., Jr., Lives and social change (1991) Theoretical Advances in Life Course Research: Status Passages and the Life Course, 1, pp. 58-86. , W.R. Heinz (Ed.), Weinheim: Deutscher Studien Verlag; 
Evans, K., Educational systems and transitions (2000) Adversity and Challenge in the Life Course in England and Germany, , J. Bynner & R.K. Silbereisen (Eds.). Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan; 
Evans, K., Furlong, A., Metaphors of youth transitions: Niches, pathways, trajectories or navigations (1997) Youth, Citizenship and Social Change, , J. Bynner, L. Chisholm, & A. Furlong (Eds.), Aldershot, UK: Ashgate; 
Evans, K., Heinz, W.R., Becoming adults in the 1990s (1994), London: Anglo German Foundation; Furlong, A., Cartmel, F., Young people and social change: Individualisation and risk in late modernity (1997), Buckingham, UK: Open University Press; Griffin, C., Typical girls: Young women from school to the full-time job market (1985), London: Routledge & Kegan Paul; Hakim, C., Key issues in women's work (1996), London: Athlone; Hamilton, S.F., Hamilton, M.A., Creating new pathways to adulthood by adapting German apprenticeship to the United States (1999) From Education to Work: Cross National Perspectives, , W.R. Heinz (Ed.), Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press; 
Heinz, W.R., The transition from school to work in crisis: Coping with threatening unemployment (1990) Journal of Adolescent Research, 2, pp. 127-141; 
Jones, G., Wallace, C., Youth, family and citizenship (1992), Buckingham, UK: Open University Press; Istance, D., Rees, G., Williamson, H., Young people not in education, training or employment in south glamorgan (1994), Cardiff, Wales: South Glamorgan Training and Enterprise Council; Pearce, N., Hillman, J., Wasted youth: Raising achievement and tackling social exclusion (1998), London: Institute for Public Policy Research; Power, A., Tunstall, R., Swimming against the tide (1994), York, UK: Joseph Rountree Foundation; Roberts, K., School leavers and their prospects (1984), Milton Keynes: Open University Press; Roberts, K., Clark, S., Wallace, C., Flexibility and individualization: A comparison of transitions into employment in england and Germany (1994) Sociology, 20, pp. 31-54; 
Robins, L., Rutter, M., Straight and devious pathways from childhood to adulthood (1990), Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press; Rose, R., Prospective evaluation through comparative analysis in time-space perspective (1991) International Comparisons of Vocational Education and Training for Intermediate Skills, , P. Ryan (Ed.), London: Falmer Press; 
Rutter, M., Tivard, J., Whitemore, K., Education, Health and Behavior (1970), London: Longman; Savickas, M.L., Identity in vocational development (1985) Journal of Vocational Behavior, 27, pp. 327-329; 
Silbereisen, R.K., Differential timing of vocational choices (1994), Presented to the 13th Biennial Meeting of the Society for the Study of Behavioural Development, Amsterdam; Silva, P.A., Stanton, W.R., Child to adult: The Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study (1996), Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press; Bridging the gap: New opportunities for 16-18 year-olds not in education employment or training (1999), Social Exclusion Unit. London: The Stationery Office; Super, D.E., A life-span, life-space approach to career development (1980) Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16, pp. 282-298; 
Vondracek, F.W., Lerner, R.M., Schulenberg, J.E., Career development: A life-span developmental approach (1986), Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; Wadsworth, M., The imprint of time: Childhood history and adult life (1991), Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press; Wallace, C., For richer or poorer: Growing up in and out of Work (1987), London: Tavistock; Williamson, H., Status zero youth and the 'underclass': Some considerations (1997) Youth, the Underclass and Social Exclusion, , R. McDonald (Ed.), London: Routledge; 
Worthington, R.L., Juntunen, C.L., The vocational development of non-college bound youth (1997) The Counselling Psychologist, 25, pp. 323-363
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036208977&doi=10.1006%2fjvbe.2001.1868&partnerID=40&md5=809474b76ef1f423643429c3f6305b76
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Childhood indicators of susceptibility to subsequent cervical cancer
T2  - British Journal of Cancer
J2  - Br. J. Cancer
VL  - 87
IS  - 9
SP  - 989
EP  - 993
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600585
SN  - 00070920 (ISSN) 
AU  - Montgomery, S.M.
AU  - Ehlin, A.G.C.
AU  - Sparén, P.
AU  - Björkstén, B.
AU  - Ekbom, A.
AD  - Enheten för Klinisk Epidemiologi, Institutionen för medicin vid Karolinska sjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Institutionen för medicinsk epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Centrum för allergiforskning, Institutet för miljömedicin, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - Common warts could indicate cervical cancer susceptibility, as both are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Eczema was also investigated, as atopic eczema has been negatively associated with warts, but non-atopic eczema may be associated with compromised host defences, as observed in patients with HIV, suggesting increased susceptibility to HPV infection and cervical cancer. 'Cervical cancer' was self-reported during an interview by 87 of 7594 women members of two longitudinal British birth cohorts. The accuracy of the diagnoses is limited by lack of confirmation using medical records. Odds ratios are adjusted for common warts and eczema in childhood; and cigarette smoking, number of cohabiting partners and social class in early adult life. The odds ratios of warts and eczema with cervical cancer are 2.50 (95% confidence interval 1.14-5.47) and 3.27 (1.95-5.49), respectively. The association of eczema with cervical cancer is independent of hay fever as a marker of atopy, suggesting the importance of non-atopic eczema. Both heavier smoking compared with non-smoking and four or more cohabiting partners compared with one/none have odds ratios for cervical cancer of 8.26 (4.25-15.10) and 4.89 (1.39-17.18), respectively. Common warts in childhood may indicate cervical cancer susceptibility; this and the relationship with eczema deserves investigation. © 2002 Cancer Research UK.
KW  - BCS70
KW  - Cervical cancer
KW  - Eczema
KW  - HPV
KW  - NCDS
KW  - Warts
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - atopy
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - cancer susceptibility
KW  - childhood
KW  - controlled study
KW  - correlation analysis
KW  - eczema
KW  - female
KW  - hay fever
KW  - host resistance
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk factor
KW  - smoking habit
KW  - social class
KW  - uterine cervix cancer
KW  - Wart virus
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Disease Susceptibility
KW  - Eczema
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
KW  - Warts
N1  - Cited By :20
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 12434290
LA  - English
N1  - References: Bergbrant, I.M., Johansson, S., Robbins, D., Scheynius, A., Faergemann, J., Soderstrom, T., A immunological study in patients with seborrheic dermatitis (1991) Clin Exp Dermatol, 16, pp. 331-338; 
Bosch, F.X., Manos, M.M., Munoz, N., Sherman, M., Jansen, A.M., Peto, J., Schiffman, M.H., Wheeler, C., Prevalence of human papillomavirus in cervical-cancer - A worldwide perspective (1995) J Natl Cancer Inst, 87, pp. 796-802; 
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Källén, B., Gunnarskog, J., Conradson, T.-B., Cancer risk in asthmatic subjects selected from hospital discharge registry (1993) Eur Respir J, 6, pp. 694-697; 
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Thomas, D.B., Qin, Q., Kuypers, J., Kiviat, N., Ashley, R.L., Koetsawang, A., Ray, R.M., Koetsawang, S., Human papillomaviruses and cervical cancer in Bangkok II. Risk factors for in situ and invasive squamous cell cervical carcinomas (2001) Am J Epidemiol, 153, pp. 732-739; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0037152627&doi=10.1038%2fsj.bjc.6600585&partnerID=40&md5=78f3c5ad0fa7c8e9cfcf8243873d875e
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Teenage aspirations for future careers and occupational outcomes
T2  - Journal of Vocational Behavior
J2  - J. Vocat. Behav.
VL  - 60
IS  - 2
SP  - 262
EP  - 288
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1006/jvbe.2001.1867
SN  - 00018791 (ISSN) 
AU  - Schoon, I.
AU  - Parsons, S.
AD  - City University, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
AB  - In a follow-up study of over 17,000 individuals born 12 years apart (in 1958 and 1970) this article investigates the formation and realization of teenage career aspirations in a changing sociohistorical context. Two types of analytical models, a mediating model and a contextual systems model, were used to analyze the processes by which the effects of social structure influence teenage aspirations and subsequent occupational attainment. Both models suggest that teenage aspirations in combination with educational attainments are a major driving force in the occupational development of young people and that they mediate the effects of socioeconomic background factors. The contextual system model is an elaboration of the mediating model, providing additional insights into the effects of distal and proximal contexts. Differences in the experiences of young people growing up 12 years apart indicate that the sociohistorical context plays a key role in shaping occupational progression. For the later born cohort the importance of educational credentials has increased, both in influencing teenage aspirations and predicting adult occupational outcomes. © 2002 Elsevier Science (USA).
KW  - Adult occupational attainment
KW  - Changing sociohistorical context
KW  - Teenage aspirations
PB  - Academic Press Inc.
N1  - Cited By :165
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JVBHA
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Schoon, I.; City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom; email: I.Schoon@city.ac.uk
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Zuckerman, H., Scientific elite (1977), New York: Free PressUR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036208741&doi=10.1006%2fjvbe.2001.1867&partnerID=40&md5=8ae60d3ac93e9f6726352a6eef4ff18c
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The influence of context, timing, and duration of risk experiences for the passage from childhood to midadulthood
T2  - Child Development
J2  - Child Dev.
VL  - 73
IS  - 5
SP  - 1486
EP  - 1504
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1111/1467-8624.00485
SN  - 00093920 (ISSN) 
AU  - Schoon, I.
AU  - Bynner, J.
AU  - Joshi, H.
AU  - Parsons, S.
AU  - Wiggins, R.D.
AU  - Sacker, A.
AD  - City University, London, United Kingdom
AD  - The Institute of Education, United States
AD  - City University, United States
AD  - Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
AB  - This study investigated the long-term effects of social disadvantage on academic achievement and on subsequent attainments in adulthood. The study drew on data collected for over 30,000 individuals born 12 years apart, following their development from birth to adulthood. The pathways that link social disadvantage to individual development across the life course were analyzed in a developmental-contextual systems model. The results showed that the influence of risk factors associated with socioeconomic disadvantage depended on the developmental stage of the individual, the experience of long-term or continuous disadvantage, and the over-all sociohistorical context. Early risk had a moderate influence on the formation of individual competences. The greatest risk was associated with persisting and accumulating experiences of socioeconomic disadvantage throughout childhood and adolescence. Material conditions improved for the later-born cohort, yet pervasive social inequalities existed that affected outcomes during childhood and were consequently reflected in adult attainment. © 2002 by the Society for Research in Child Development, Inc. All rights reserved.
KW  - achievement
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - parent
KW  - risk factor
KW  - social adaptation
KW  - social class
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - time
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Child
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Parents
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Social Adjustment
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Time
N1  - Cited By :101
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 12361314
LA  - English
N1  - References: Ackerman, B.P., Schoff, K., Levinson, K., Youngstrom, E., Izard, C.E., The relations between cluster indexes of risk and promotion and the problem behaviours of 6-and 7-year-old children from economically disadvantaged families (1999) Developmental Psychology, 6, pp. 1355-1366; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036728390&doi=10.1111%2f1467-8624.00485&partnerID=40&md5=546832677ab6a095ad637437be1fd393
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Amelanotic malignant melanomas of the oral mucosa
T2  - British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
J2  - Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.
VL  - 40
IS  - 3
SP  - 195
EP  - 200
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1054/bjom.2001.0713
SN  - 02664356 (ISSN) 
AU  - Notani, K.
AU  - Shindoh, M.
AU  - Yamazaki, Y.
AU  - Nakamura, H.
AU  - Watanabe, M.
AU  - Kogoh, T.
AU  - Ferguson, M.M.
AU  - Fukuda, H.
AD  - First Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Hokkaido University, Japan
AD  - Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Hokkaido University, Japan
AD  - Department of Dental and Oral Surgery, NTT Sapporo Hospital, Japan
AD  - Department of Dental and Oral Surgery, Tomakomai City General Hospital, Japan
AD  - Department of Stomatology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
AB  - Oral amelanotic melanomas are rare and the prognosis is poorer than that of pigmented melanomas because of delays in establishing the correct diagnosis and in the initiation of treatment. Amelanotic forms are also thought to be biologically more aggressive than pigmented melanomas. We have seen three cases of oral amelanotic melanomas since 1970, in two of whom the diagnosis was long delayed. Two lesions were not pigmented but one had slight pigmentation. One patient simultaneously had both an amelanotic and a pigmented melanoma in the oral cavity. Lymph node metastases and distant metastases developed in all patients, two of whom eventually died of the disease. Early diagnosis by histological examination together with immunostaining with S100 and HMB-45 are the keys to improve survival for patients with amelanotic melanoma. © 2002 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.
KW  - cisplatin
KW  - dacarbazine
KW  - methylnitrosourea
KW  - picibanil
KW  - protein HMB 45
KW  - protein S 100
KW  - tumor antigen
KW  - unclassified drug
KW  - vincristine
KW  - vindesine
KW  - coloring agent
KW  - diagnostic agent
KW  - melanoma specific antigens
KW  - melanoma-specific antigens
KW  - protein S 100
KW  - tumor antigen
KW  - tumor protein
KW  - aged
KW  - amelanotic melanoma
KW  - article
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cancer survival
KW  - case report
KW  - controlled study
KW  - diagnostic accuracy
KW  - early diagnosis
KW  - female
KW  - histopathology
KW  - human
KW  - human tissue
KW  - immunohistochemistry
KW  - lymph node metastasis
KW  - male
KW  - mandible resection
KW  - maxilla resection
KW  - mouth cancer
KW  - neck dissection
KW  - pigmentation
KW  - prognosis
KW  - amelanotic melanoma
KW  - differential diagnosis
KW  - fatality
KW  - follow up
KW  - gingiva disease
KW  - immunology
KW  - jaw tumor
KW  - lung coin lesion
KW  - lung tumor
KW  - lymph node metastasis
KW  - melanoma
KW  - metastasis
KW  - mouth mucosa
KW  - mouth tumor
KW  - mouth ulcer
KW  - multiple cancer
KW  - pathology
KW  - physiology
KW  - survival rate
KW  - tumor recurrence
KW  - Aged
KW  - Antigens, Neoplasm
KW  - Coin Lesion, Pulmonary
KW  - Coloring Agents
KW  - Diagnosis, Differential
KW  - Fatal Outcome
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Gingival Diseases
KW  - Humans
KW  - Lung Neoplasms
KW  - Lymphatic Metastasis
KW  - Male
KW  - Melanoma
KW  - Melanoma, Amelanotic
KW  - Mouth Mucosa
KW  - Mouth Neoplasms
KW  - Neoplasm Proteins
KW  - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
KW  - Neoplasms, Multiple Primary
KW  - Oral Ulcer
KW  - Palatal Neoplasms
KW  - Pigmentation
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - S100 Proteins
KW  - Survival Rate
PB  - Churchill Livingstone
N1  - Cited By :32
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJOSE
C2  - 12054708
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Notani, K.; First Department of Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 jo Nishi chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan; email: ken-1@den.hokudai.ac.jp
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: cisplatin, 15663-27-1, 26035-31-4, 96081-74-2; dacarbazine, 4342-03-4; methylnitrosourea, 684-93-5; picibanil, 39325-01-4; vincristine, 57-22-7; vindesine, 53643-48-4; Antigens, Neoplasm; Coloring Agents; melanoma-specific antigens; Neoplasm Proteins; S100 Proteins
N1  - Tradenames: ok 432, Chugai, Japan
N1  - Manufacturers: Chugai, Japan
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036019887&doi=10.1054%2fbjom.2001.0713&partnerID=40&md5=9e677e87e9e5233b5e8cde848ac8c032
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in young women: A clinicopathologic study of 21 cases
T2  - Gynecologic Oncology
J2  - Gynecol. Oncol.
VL  - 84
IS  - 1
SP  - 94
EP  - 101
PY  - 2002
DO  - 10.1006/gyno.2001.6466
SN  - 00908258 (ISSN) 
AU  - Al-Ghamdi, A.
AU  - Freedman, D.
AU  - Miller, D.
AU  - Poh, C.
AU  - Rosin, M.
AU  - Zhang, L.
AU  - Gilks, C.B.
AD  - Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia And, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, United States
AD  - Department of Gynecologic Oncology, University of British Columbia And, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, United States
AD  - Department of Dentistry, University of British Columbia And, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, United States
AD  - School of Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
AB  - Objectives. Invasive squamous cell carcinoma (ISCC) of the vulva occurs most often in older women and the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical features of vulvar ISCC in young women are poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to examine clinical and pathological features of ISCC presenting in women younger than 40 years of age. Methods. Patients younger than 40 years of age who presented with vulvar ISCC were identified in the population-based tumor registry of the British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA) for the period 1970-1998. Clinical data and follow-up were obtained. The pathologic material was reviewed and morphologic features assessed. Immunohistochemical staining for MIB-1 and p53 proteins was done and the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was assessed by microdissection/PCR. Results. Twenty-one cases, accounting for 5% of all cases of vulvar ISCC encountered at BCCA during this period, were identified, with patient's ages ranging from 17 to 39 years (mean 33). The number of cases of vulvar ISCC in young women, as a percentage of all cases of vulvar ISCC, increased significantly over the study period. Lichen sclerosus was seen in 3 cases. Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) was present in 20 of 21 cases and was multifocal in 4 of them. VIN was subclassified as warty in 7 cases, mixed warty and basaloid in 6, basaloid in 4, and differentiated in 3. There was MIB-1 immunostaining throughout the full thickness of warty and basaloid VIN. Only basal cells stained for MIB-1 in differentiated VIN. Increased p53 expression was present in only 2 cases; both were differentiated-type VIN. HPV DNA was detected in 17 of 20 cases. The tumors were staged as follows: stage IA, 3 cases; stage IB, 13 cases; stage II, 3 cases; stage III, 2 cases. Depth of invasion ranged from <1 to 8.5 mm. The definitive surgical procedure was vulvectomy with lymph node dissection in 14 cases, wide local excision in 6, and excisional biopsy in 1. Clinical follow-up of 1 to 28 years (median, 5 years) showed that 5 patients had local recurrence and 2 died of disease. Of the 21 patients in this study, 1 had concurrent HIV infection and 1 patient with Crohn's disease was treated with corticosteroids; the remaining patients had no clinical evidence of depressed immune function. Conclusions. The incidence of vulvar ISCC in young women has increased over time; this increase cannot be accounted for by ISCC in immunocompromised patients. The overall disease outcome was excellent, with 2 of 21 patients dead of disease. Most tumors were associated with HPV, but cases of ISCC in the absence of HPV, and associated with differentiated VIN, were encountered. p53 staining of the basal layer can aid in recognition of differentiated VIN while MIB-1 staining within the upper layers of the squamous epithelium is consistently present in warty and basaloid VIN, but not in differentiated VIN. © 2001 Elsevier Science.
KW  - HPV
KW  - Immune suppression
KW  - MIB-1
KW  - p53.
KW  - Squamous carcinoma
KW  - VIN
KW  - Vulvar cancer
KW  - Young women
KW  - protein p53
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - basal cell
KW  - cancer classification
KW  - cancer invasion
KW  - cancer recurrence
KW  - cancer registry
KW  - carcinoma in situ
KW  - clinical article
KW  - clinical feature
KW  - Crohn disease
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - Human immunodeficiency virus infection
KW  - human tissue
KW  - immunohistochemistry
KW  - lichen sclerosus et atrophicus
KW  - outcomes research
KW  - priority journal
KW  - squamous cell carcinoma
KW  - vulva carcinoma
KW  - vulvectomy
KW  - Wart virus
PB  - Academic Press Inc.
N1  - Cited By :123
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: GYNOA
C2  - 11748983
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Gilks, C.B.; Department of Pathology, UBC Hospital, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada; email: bgilks@vanhosp.bc.ca
N1  - References: Choo, Y.C., Invasive squamous carcinoma of the vulva in young patients (1982) Gynecol Oncol, 13, pp. 158-164; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036141332&doi=10.1006%2fgyno.2001.6466&partnerID=40&md5=1e1f3272c3d7538d40f1d9295012ce36
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The effect of childcare and early education arrangements on developmental outcomes of young children
T2  - Canadian Public Policy
J2  - Can. Public Policy
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
SP  - 159
EP  - 186
PY  - 2002
SN  - 03170861 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lefebvre, P.
AU  - Merrigan, P.
AD  - Departement des sciences economiques, Centre Res. Econ. Fluctuations/Emp., Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Montreal, Que., Canada
AB  - This study investigates the relationship between childcare arrangements and developmental outcomes of young children using data from Cycle 1 of the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. Models of the determinants of Motor and Social Development (MSD) scores for children aged 0-47 months, and of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test assessment scores (PPVT) for children aged 4-5 years are estimated controlling for a variety of non-parental childcare and early education characteristics. The results suggest that infant-toddler non-parental care arrangements have insignificant or negligible impacts on developmental outcomes (MSD). For preschoolers, modes of care and early education do not, on average, influence cognitive development (PPVT). The results of fixed effect estimates for a sample of siblings aged 0-47 months confirm the preceding conclusion. The analysis is repeated to identify the determinants of the probability that the child's MSD (PPVT) score is in the bottom part of the distribution of MSD (PPVT) scores and the conclusions are similar.
KW  - child care
KW  - child development
N1  - Cited By :15
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lefebvre, P.; Departement des sciences economiques, Centre Res. Econ. Fluctuations/Emp., Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Montreal, Que., Canada
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Gamoran, A., Mare, R., Bethke, L., (1999) Effects of Nonmaternal Childcare on Inequality in Cognitive Skills, , http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/irp, Discussion Papers No. 1186-99. Madison: Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin-Madison at; 
Goelman, H., (2000) Quality in Childcare Centres Across Canada" and "Quality in Family Childcare Across Canada", , http://www.uoguelph.ca/cfww, Guelph, ON: Centre for Families, Work and Well-Being, University of Guelph at; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0036324279&partnerID=40&md5=41f8ec82cb21a8a38c49e768e607cee4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Changes and trends in attack distributions and progression of dental caries in three age cohorts in Finland
T2  - Journal of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
J2  - J. Epidemiol. Biostat.
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
SP  - 325
EP  - 329
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1080/13595220152601792
SN  - 13595229 (ISSN) 
AU  - Virtanen, J.I.
AD  - Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, 90014 Oulu, Finland
AB  - Background. Several factors are claimed to have contributed to the decline in dental caries that has occurred over recent decades in many industrialised countries. Methods. A retrospective cohort design follow-up study of trends in dental caries in three age cohorts born a decade apart is reported from Finland. Subjects born in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s (n = 1275) were monitored annually through their patient records, and changes in the distribution, extent and rate of caries attack (caries leading to restorations or extractions) were analysed. Logistic and Poisson regression techniques were employed to detect trends and Kaplan-Meier survival methods were used for the rate analyses. Results. A marked decrease in caries was observed and the proportion of disease-free subjects increased gradually towards the younger cohorts. Logistic regression analysis showed clear trends, in that the odds ratios (ORs) for the cohort effect were 8.93 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 7.95-10.04] and 4.32 (95% CI = 3.92-4.75) in the 1960 and 1970 cohorts, respectively, relative to the 1980 cohort, and that for the age (year) effect was 1.44 (95% CI = 1.42-1.46). Similar types of cohort and age effects (p < 0.0001) were found in the disease progression analyses. The rate analyses showed statistically highly significant differences between the three cohorts (p < 0.001) for both sexes. The caries decline was a lasting one, in spite of the delay in restorations observed in the youngest cohort. Discussion. The results indicate a vast and continuous trend in the incidence of dental caries leading to restorations and extractions. Significant changes in the rate and extent of disease progression have taken place, which will inevitably affect the future public health agenda.
KW  - Dental caries
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Progression
KW  - Trends
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - dental caries
KW  - dental surgery
KW  - disease course
KW  - Finland
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - industrialization
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - medical record
KW  - patient monitoring
KW  - public health
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - survival rate
KW  - tooth extraction
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Effect
KW  - Dental Caries
KW  - Disease Progression
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Male
KW  - Poisson Distribution
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Statistics, Nonparametric
KW  - Survival Analysis
N1  - Cited By :6
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JEBOB
C2  - 12036266
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Virtanen, J.I.; Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, PO Box 5281, 90014 Oulu, Finland
N1  - References: Von der Fehr, F.R., Caries prevalence in the Nordic countries (1994) Int Dent J, 44, pp. 371-378; 
Speechley, M., Johnston, D.W., Some evidence from Ontario, Canada, of a reversal in the dental caries decline (1996) Caries Res, 30, pp. 423-427; 
Poulsen, S., Scheutz, F., Dental caries in Danish children and adolescents 1988-1997 (1999) Community Dent Health, 16, pp. 166-170; 
Virtanen, J.I., The decrease in dental caries: Secular trends in time to first restoration and extraction of permanent teeth in three age cohorts in Finland (1998) J Epidemiol Biostat, 3, pp. 395-401; 
Virtanen, J.I., Larmas, M.A., Timing of first fillings on different permanent tooth surfaces in Finnish schoolchildren (1995) Acta Odontol Scand, 53, pp. 287-292; 
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Clayton, D., Hills, M., Statistical models in epidemiology (1993), Oxford: Oxford University PressUR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035208172&doi=10.1080%2f13595220152601792&partnerID=40&md5=84224bf9732a50333b85d0ba22fa248e
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Pregnancy smoking and childhood conduct problems: A causal association?
T2  - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines
J2  - J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry Allied Discip.
VL  - 42
IS  - 8
SP  - 1021
EP  - 1028
PY  - 2001
SN  - 00219630 (ISSN) 
AU  - Maughan, B.
AU  - Taylor, C.
AU  - Taylor, A.
AU  - Butler, N.
AU  - Bynner, J.
AD  - Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom
AD  - International Centre for Child Studies, Bristol, United Kingdom
AD  - Institute of Education, London, United Kingdom
AB  - Recent investigations have highlighted associations between maternal smoking in pregnancy and antisocial behaviour in offspring, and suggested the possibility of a causal effect. We used data from the 1970 British birth cohort study (BCS70) to examine these links in a large, population-based sample studied prospectively from birth to age 16. We found a strong dose-response relationship between the extent of pregnancy smoking and childhood-onset conduct problems, but no links with adolescent-onset antisocial behaviours. Effects on childhood-onset conduct problems were as marked for girls as for boys, and were robust to controls for a variety of social background factors and maternal characteristics. Controls for mothers' subsequent smoking history modified this picture, however, suggesting that the prime risks for early-onset conduct problems may be associated with persistent maternal smoking - or correlates of persistent smoking - rather than with pregnancy smoking per se.
KW  - Conduct disorder
KW  - Deliquency
KW  - Longitudinal studies
KW  - Prenatal smoking
KW  - adolescent
KW  - anamnesis
KW  - antisocial behavior
KW  - article
KW  - attention deficit disorder
KW  - child
KW  - childhood disease
KW  - clinical trial
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - controlled study
KW  - correlation function
KW  - data analysis
KW  - diagnostic procedure
KW  - disease association
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - juvenile delinquency
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - newborn
KW  - onset age
KW  - population research
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - prenatal exposure
KW  - progeny
KW  - prospective study
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - risk factor
KW  - sex difference
KW  - smoking habit
KW  - social aspect
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age of Onset
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Conduct Disorder
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Maternal Exposure
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
KW  - Smoking
N1  - Cited By :67
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JPPDA
C2  - 11806683
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Maughan, B.; Dept. of Child and Adol. Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Angold, A., Erkanli, A., Costello, E.J., The epidemiology of disorders of conduct: Nosological issues and comorbidity (2001) Cambridge Monographs in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Conduct Disorders, pp. 126-168. , In J. Hill & B. Maughan (Eds.); Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035674208&partnerID=40&md5=c44ec77b9c78c260d4ac6992a3d4ad37
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Childbearing is delayed but fertility is stable 
ST  - Les naissances sont retardées mais la fécondité est stable
T2  - Population
J2  - Population
VL  - 56
IS  - 4
SP  - 611
EP  - 644
PY  - 2001
SN  - 00324663 (ISSN) 
AU  - Toulemon, L.
AU  - Mazuy, M.
AD  - Institut National d'Études Démographiques, Paris, France
AD  - Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133, bd Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France
AB  - The number of births in France has been roughly constant since 1976, the year of stabilization at the end of the baby boom. After declining in the early 1990s, it has been increasing since 1995 despite the fall in the number of people of an age to be parents: the first baby boomers now approaching retirement age will have had an average of 2.1 children per woman, but will be replaced by smaller cohorts after 1973 due to the delayed age at childbearing. This delay accounts for the total period fertility rate being stable since 1976 at a lower level, of around 1.8 children per woman; a model in which the fertility of women who are already mothers varies with the age of the last child, and not with the age of the mother, produces an estimate of over 2.0 children per woman, close to the completed cohort fertility. The latter will decline slightly for the post-1956 birth cohorts, and is projected to stabilize at around 2.0 children per woman for the 1970 cohort, due to a slight increase in women who will remain childless. Notwithstanding this increase in childlessness, the distribution of women by number of children has been remarkably stable for twenty-five years: family sizes are very homogeneous since nearly two in five women have exactly two children.
N1  - Cited By :26
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: POPUA
LA  - French
N1  - Correspondence Address: Toulemon, L.; Institut National d'Études Démographiques, 133, bd Davout, 75980 Paris Cedex 20, France; email: toulemon@ined.fr
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0008630635&partnerID=40&md5=82bda9ea0aee86c06688fafc13e781cb
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Fetal programming of cardiovascular function through exposure to maternal undernutrition
T2  - Proceedings of the Nutrition Society
J2  - Proc. Nutr. Soc.
VL  - 60
IS  - 4
SP  - 505
EP  - 513
PY  - 2001
SN  - 00296651 (ISSN) 
AU  - Langley-Evans, S.C.
AD  - Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom
AB  - A substantial and robust body of epidemiological evidence indicates that prenatal dietary experience may be a factor determining cardiovascular disease risk. Retrospective cohort studies indicate that low birth weight and disproportion at birth are powerful predictors of later disease risk. This prenatal influence on non-communicable disease in later life has been termed programming. Maternal nutritional status has been proposed to be the major programming influence on the developing fetus. The evidence from epidemiological studies of nutrition, fetal development and birth outcome is, however, often weak and inconclusive. The validity of the nutritional programming concept is highly dependent on experimental studies in animals. The feeding of low-protein diets in rat pregnancy results in perturbations in fetal growth and dimensions at birth. The offspring of rats fed low-protein diets exhibit a number of metabolic and physiological disturbances, and are consistently found to have high blood pressure from early postnatal life. This experimental model has been used to explore potential mechanisms of programming through which maternal diet may programme the cardiovascular function of the fetus. Indications from this work are that fetal exposure to maternally-derived glucocorticoids plays a key role in the programming mechanism. Secondary to this activity, the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may stimulate renin-angiotensin system activity, resulting in increased vascular resistance and hypertension.
KW  - Fetal programming
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - cardiovascular function
KW  - conference paper
KW  - disease predisposition
KW  - fetus
KW  - fetus development
KW  - human
KW  - hypertension
KW  - hypothalamus hypophysis adrenal system
KW  - low birth weight
KW  - malnutrition
KW  - maternal nutrition
KW  - metabolic disorder
KW  - physiology
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - prenatal exposure
KW  - protein restriction
KW  - renin angiotensin aldosterone system
KW  - vascular resistance
KW  - Animals
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Cardiovascular Diseases
KW  - Disease Models, Animal
KW  - Female
KW  - Glucocorticoids
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - Kidney
KW  - Nutrition Disorders
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy Complications
KW  - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
KW  - Rats
KW  - Renin-Angiotensin System
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Animalia
N1  - Cited By :145
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Conference Paper
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PNUSA
C2  - 12069404
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Langley-Evans, S.C.; Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, United Kingdom; email: simon.langley-evans@nottingham.ac.uk
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Glucocorticoids
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Mathews, F., Yudkin, P., Neil, A., Influence of maternal nutrition on outcome of pregnancy: Prospective cohort study (1999) British Medical Journal, 319, pp. 339-343; 
Matthes, J.W.A., Lewis, P.A., Davies, D.P., Bethel, J.A., Relation between birth weight at term and systolic blood pressure in adolescence (1994) British Medical Journal, 308, pp. 1074-1077; 
Mercuri, O., De Tomas, M.E., Itarte, H., Prenatal protein depletion and delta 9, delta 6 and delta 5 desaturase (1979) Lipids, 14, pp. 822-825; 
Merlet-Benichou, C., Gilbert, T., Muffat-Joly, M., Lelievre-Pegorier, M., Leroy, B., Intrauterine growth retardation leads to a permanent nephron deficit in the rat (1994) Pediatric Nephrology, 8, pp. 175-180; 
Moore, V.M., Miller, A.G., Boulton, T.J.C., Cockington, R.A., Hamilton Craig, I., Magarey, A.M., Robinson, J.S., Placental weight, birth measurements and blood pressure at age 8 years (1996) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 74, pp. 538-541; 
Narce, M., Poisson, J.-P., Belleville, J., Chanusot, B., Depletion of delta 9 desaturase (EC 1.14.99.5) enzyme activity in growing rats during dietary protein restriction (1992) British Journal of Nutrition, 68, pp. 627-637; 
Nwagwu, M.O., Cook, A., Langley-Evans, S.C., Evidence of progressive deterioration of renal function in rats exposed to a maternal low protein diet in utero (2000) British Journal of Nutrition, 83, pp. 79-85; 
Persson, E., Jansson, T., Low birth weight is associated with elevated adult blood pressure in the chronically catheterized guinea-pig (1993) Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 115, pp. 195-196; 
Petry, C.J., Ozanne, S.E., Wang, C.L., Hales, C.N., Early protein restriction and obesity independently induce hypertension in year old rats (1997) Clinical Science, 93, pp. 147-152; 
Phillips, D.I.W., Walker, B.R., Reynolds, R.M., Flanagan, D.E.H., Wood, P.J., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Whorwood, C.B., Low birth weight predicts elevated plasma cortisol concentrations in adults from 3 populations (2000) Hypertension, 35, pp. 1301-1306; 
Pickard, C.L., McCarthy, H.D., Browne, R.F., Jackson, A.A., Altered insulin response to a glucose load in rats following exposure to a low protein diet in utero (1996) Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 55, pp. 44A; 
Prentice, A.M., Cole, T.J., Foord, F.A., Lamb, W.H., Whitehead, R.G., Increased birthweight after prenatal dietary supplementation of rural African women (1987) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 46, pp. 912-925; 
Ravelli, A.C.J., Van der Meulen, J.H.P., Michels, R.P.J., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Hales, C.N., Bleker, O.P., Glucose tolerance in adults after exposure to the Dutch Famine (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 173-177; 
Rees, W.D., Hay, S.M., The effect of maternal protein deficiency on the expression of the growth arrest specific gene 6 (gas6) in the fetal kidney (1998) Biochemical Society Transactions, 667, p. 70; 
Rees, W.D., Hay, S.M., Brown, D.S., Antipatis, C., Palmer, R.M., Maternal protein deficiency causes hypermethylation of DNA in the livers of rat fetuses (2000) Journal of Nutrition, 130, pp. 1821-1826; 
Reinisch, J.M., Simon, N.G., Karwo, W.G., Prenatal exposure to prednisone in humans and animals retards intra-uterine growth (1978) Science, 202, pp. 436-438; 
Rich-Edwards, J., Stampfer, M., Manson, J., Rosner, B., Colditz, G., Willett, W., Speizer, F., Hennekens, C., Birthweight, breast-feeding and the risk of coronary heart disease in the nurses health study (1995) American Journal of Epidemiology, 141, pp. S78; 
Roach, H.I., Langley-Evans, S.C., Cooper, C., Protein deficiencies during pregnancy affect skeletal development in the offspring (1999) Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 14 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S394; 
Rush, D., Stein, Z., Susser, M., A randomized controlled trial of prenatal nutritional supplementation in New York City (1980) Pediatrics, 65, pp. 683-697; 
Sayer, A.A., Dunn, R.L., Langley-Evans, S.C., Cooper, C., Intrauterine exposure to a maternal low protein diet shortens lifespan in rats (2001) Gerontology, 47, pp. 9-14; 
Sherman, R.C., (1999) The role of the renin-angiotensin system in the fetal programming of hypertension, , PhD Thesis, University of Southampton; 
Sherman, R.C., Jackson, A.A., Langley-Evans, S.C., Long term modification of the excretion of prostaglandin E2 by fetal exposure to a maternal low protein diet in the rat (1999) Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 43, pp. 98-106; 
Sherman, R.C., Langley-Evans, S.C., Early administration of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril, prevents the development of hypertension programmed by intrauterine exposure to a maternal low protein diet (1998) Clinical Science, 94, pp. 373-381; 
Sherman, R.C., Langley-Evans, S.C., Antihypertensive treatment in early postnatal life modulates prenatal dietary influences upon blood pressure in the rat (2000) Clinical Science, 98, pp. 269-275; 
Stein, C.E., Fall, C.H.D., Osmond, C., Cox, V., Barker, D.J.P., Fetal growth and coronary heart disease in South India (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1269-1273; 
Stewart, P.M., Whorwood, C.B., Mason, J.I., Type 2 11α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in fetal and adult life (1995) Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 55, pp. 465-471; 
Tangalakis, K., Lumbers, E.R., Moritz, K.M., Towstoless, M.K., Wintour, E.M., Effect of cortisol on blood pressure and vascular reactivity in the ovine fetus (1992) Experimental Physiology, 77, pp. 709-717; 
Thame, M., Wilks, R.J., McFarlane-Anderson, N., Bennett, F.I., Forrester, T.E., Relationship between maternal nutritional status and infants weight and body proportions at birth (1997) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 51, pp. 134-138; 
Willett, W.C., Diet and health: What should we eat? (1994) Science, 264, pp. 532-537; 
Woodall, S.M., Johnston, B.M., Breier, B.H., Gluckman, P.D., Chronic maternal undernutrition in the rat leads to delayed postnatal growth and elevated blood pressure of offspring (1996) Pediatric Research, 40, pp. 438-443; 
Yajnik, C.S., Fall, C.H.D., Vaidya, U., Pandit, A.N., Bavdekar, A., Bhat, D.S., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Fetal growth and glucose and insulin metabolism in four-year-old Indian children (1995) Diabetic Medicine, 12, pp. 330-336; 
Zeman, F.J., Effects of maternal protein restriction on the kidney of the newborn young of rats (1968) Journal of Nutrition, 94, pp. 111-117; 
Zeman, F.J., Stanbrough, E.C., Effect of maternal protein deficiency on cellular development in the fetal rat (1969) Journal of Nutrition, 99, pp. 274-282
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035663647&partnerID=40&md5=9881ef2bc99f4231433cc5c672f7ced4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Stability and change in milder psychiatric disorder over 7 years in a birth cohort
T2  - Psychological Medicine
J2  - Psychol. Med.
VL  - 31
IS  - 8
SP  - 1373
EP  - 1384
PY  - 2001
SN  - 00332917 (ISSN) 
AU  - Paykel, E.S.
AU  - Hayhurst, H.
AU  - Abbott, R.
AU  - Wadsworth, M.
AD  - University of Cambridge, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, University College, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Douglas House, 18E Trumpington Road, Cambridge CB2 2AH, United Kingdom
AB  - Background. Relatively little is known regarding stability or change over time in milder psychiatric disorder identified in epidemiological studies. Methods. Data were analysed on 2890 subjects from the 1946 British birth cohort study. Psychiatric disorder was identified at age 36 years using the Present State Examination Index of Definition and 7 years later at age 43 using a symptom scale, employing a threshold to give identical 6% prevalence of disorder. Predictors were derived from recent social data and information collected earlier in childhood and younger adulthood. Results. Over 7 years, there was considerable movement between case and non-case status. Only 1.7% of the sample satisfied case criteria at both points. Approximately two-thirds of cases at age 36 had fallen below case levels at age 43 and two-thirds of cases at age 43 were new cases. Most onsets and remissions were between definite case and non-case levels, rather than around the threshold. The strongest predictors of onset and remission were recent demographic, social and life stress variables, and earlier reported nervous disorder, with contributions from parental social background, and life history variables in adolescence. Conclusions. There is considerable change over 7 years in milder psychiatric disorder, with around two-thirds of it episodic or fluctuating and one-third chronic. Recent social variables are strong predictors of change or chronicity, with some lasting contributions from childhood social setting and earlier life history.
KW  - adolescence
KW  - adult
KW  - adulthood
KW  - article
KW  - birth
KW  - childhood
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - demography
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - mental disease
KW  - neurologic disease
KW  - onset age
KW  - parent
KW  - prevalence
KW  - remission
KW  - social aspect
KW  - stress
KW  - symptom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age of Onset
KW  - Catchment Area (Health)
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Disease Progression
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Mental Disorders
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Severity of Illness Index
KW  - Social Support
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
N1  - Cited By :16
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PSMDC
C2  - 11722152
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Paykel, E.S.; University of Cambridge, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas House, 18E Trumpington Road, Cambridge CB2 2AH, United Kingdom
N1  - References: De Boers, E., Beekman, A.T.F., Deeg, D.J.H., Van Dyck, R., Van Tilburg, W., Predictors of change in anxiety symptoms of older persons: Results from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (2000) Psychological Medicine, 30, pp. 515-527; 
Douglas, J.W.B., Mulligan, D.G., Emotional adjustment and educational achievement - The preliminary results of a national sample of children (1961) Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 54, pp. 885-891; 
Duncan-Jones, P., Fergusson, D.M., Ormel, J., Horwood, L.J., A Model of Stability and Change in Minor Psychiatric Symptoms: Results from Three Longitudinal Studies (1990) Psychological Medicine Monograph Supplement 18, , Cambridge University Press: Cambridge; 
Eaton, W.W., Anthony, J.C., Gallo, J., Cai, G., Tien, A., Romanoski, A., Lykestsos, C., Chen, L.-S., Natural history of diagnostic interview schedule/DSM-IV major depression: The Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area follow-up (1997) Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, pp. 993-999; 
Eysenck, H., A short questionnaire for the measurement of two dimensions of personality (1958) Journal of Applied Psychology, 43, pp. 14-17; 
Geerlings, S.W., Beekman, A.T.F., Deeg, D.J.H., Van Tilburg, W., Physical health and the onset and persistence of depression in older adults: An eight-wave prospective community-based study (2000) Psychological Medicine, 30, pp. 369-380; 
Hagnell, O., Lanke, J., Rorsman, B., Öjesjö, L., Are we entering an age of melancholy? Depressive illnesses in a prospective epidemiological study over 25 years: The Lundby Study, Sweden (1982) Psychological Medicine, 12, pp. 279-289; 
Jorm, A.F., Does old age reduce the risk of anxiety and depression: A review of epidemiological studies across the adult life span (2000) Psychological Medicine, 30, pp. 11-21; 
Judd, L.L., Akiskal, H.S., Maser, J.D., Zeller, P.J., Endocott, J., Coryell, W., Paulus, M.P., Keller, M.B., A prospective 12-year study of subsyndromal and syndromal depressive symptoms in unipolar major depressive disorders (1998) Archives of General Psychiatry, 55, pp. 694-700; 
Kawakami, N., Roberts, R.E., Lee, E.S., Araki, S., Changes in rates of depressive symptoms in a Japanese working population: Life-table analysis from a 4-year follow-up study (1995) Psychological Medicine, 25, pp. 1181-1190; 
Kessler, R.C., Magee, W.J., Childhood adversities and adult depression: Basic patterns of association in a US national survey (1993) Psychological Medicine, 23, pp. 679-690; 
Lehtinen, V., Lindholm, T., Veijola, J., Väisänen, E., Puukka, P., Stability of prevalences of mental disorders in a normal population cohort followed for 16 years (1991) Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 26, pp. 40-46; 
Lindelow, M., Hardy, R., Rodgers, B., Development of a scale to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression in the general UK population: The psychiatric symptom frequency scale (1997) Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 51, pp. 549-557; 
Murphy, J.M., Olivier, D.C., Sobol, A.M., Monson, R.R., Lieghton, A.H., Diagnosis and outcome: Depression and anxiety in a general population (1986) Psychological Medicine, 16, pp. 117-126; 
Murphy, J.M., Laird, N.M., Monson, R.R., Sobol, A.M., Leighton, A.H., Incidence of depression in the Stirling County Study: Historical and comparative perspectives (2000) Psychological Medicine, 30, pp. 505-514; 
Oldehinkel, A.J., Wittchen, H.-U., Schuster, P., Prevalence, 20-month incidence and outcome of unipolar depressive disorders in a community sample of adolescents (1999) Psychological Medicine, 29, pp. 655-668; 
Paykel, E.S., Cooper, Z., Ramana, R., Hayhurst, H., Life events, social support and marital relationships in the outcome of severe depression (1996) Psychological Medicine, 26, pp. 121-133; 
Pintner, R., Forlano, G., Four retests of a personality inventory (1938) Journal of Educational Psychology, 29, pp. 93-100; 
Richards, M., Hardy, R., Wadsworth, M., The effects of divorce and separation on mental and physical health in a national UK birth cohort (1997) Psychological Medicine, 27, pp. 1121-1128; 
Rodgers, B., Adult affective disorders and early environment (1990) British Journal of Psychiatry, 157, pp. 539-550; 
Rodgers, B., Reported parental behaviour and adult affective symptoms 1: Associations and moderating factors (1996) Psychological Medicine, 26, pp. 51-61; 
Rodgers, B., Mann, S.A., The reliability and validity of PSE assessments by lay interviewers: A national population survey (1986) Psychological Medicine, 16, pp. 689-700; 
Smith, A.L., Weissman, M.M., (1992) Epidemiology, Handbook of Affective Disorders, pp. 111-129. , 2nd edn. (ed. E. S. Paykel), chapter 8, Churchill Livingstone: Edinburgh; 
Surtees, P.G., Sashidharan, S.P., Dean, C., Affective disorder amongst women in the general population: A longitudinal study (1986) British Journal of Psychiatry, 148, pp. 176-186; 
Van Os, J., Jones, P.B., Early risk factors and adult person-environment relationships in affective disorder (1999) Psychological Medicine, 29, pp. 1055-1067; 
Van Os, J., Jones, P., Lewis, G., Wadsworth, M., Murray, R., Developmental precursors of affective illness in a general population birth cohort (1997) Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, pp. 625-631; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time: Childhood History and Adult Life, , Clarendon Press: Oxford; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., Mann, S.L., Rodgers, B., Kuh, D.L., Hilder, W.S., Yousef, E.J., Loss and representativeness in a 43 year follow-up of a national birth cohort (1992) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 46, pp. 300-304; 
Wing, J.K., A technique for studying psychiatric morbidity in inpatient and outpatient series and in general population samples (1976) Psychological Medicine, 6, pp. 665-671; 
Wing, J.K., Cooper, J.E., Sartorius, N., (1974) The Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms, , Cambridge University Press: Cambridge; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034759277&partnerID=40&md5=fec07f09122979752f9d586cb43871ee
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Academic and non-academic predictors of success on the Nottingham undergraduate medical course 1970-1995
T2  - Medical Education
J2  - Med. Educ.
VL  - 35
IS  - 11
SP  - 1056
EP  - 1064
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.01042.x
SN  - 03080110 (ISSN) 
AU  - James, D.
AU  - Chilvers, C.
AD  - School of Human Development, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
AD  - NHS Executive Trent, Sheffield, United Kingdom
AD  - School of Human Development, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
AB  - Objectives: To identify academic and non-academic predictors of success of entrants to the Nottingham medical course over the first 25 completed years of the course's existence. Setting, design and main outcome measures: Retrospective study of academic and non-academic characteristics of 2270 entrants between 1970 and 1990, and their subsequent success. Analyses were undertaken of two cohorts (entrants between 1970 and 1985 and entrants between 1986 and 1990). Results: Overall, 148 of 2270 (6.5%) entrants left the course, with the highest proportion being from the first 6 years (10.7%). Of the 148 leavers, 58 (39.2%) did so after obtaining their BMedSci degree. Concerning non-academic factors, in the 1970-85 cohort, applicants from the later years and those not taking a year out were more successful. However, these two factors had no influence on outcome in 1986-90. In contrast, ethnicity and gender were highly significant predictors of success in obtaining honours at BMBS in 1986-90 but at no other exam nor in the earlier years. Older, mature or graduate entrants were more successful at obtaining a first-class degree at BMedSci for the whole 21 years. However, they were less likely to be successful at passing the BMBS. With regard to academic factors, overall, A grades at Ordinary level/General Certificate of Secondary Education (O-Level/GCSE) were inconsistent independent predictors of success. However, for 1986-90, high grades at O-Level/GCSE chemistry and biology were strong independent predictors of success at BMedSci and BMBS. Very few Advanced level (A-Level) criteria were independent predictors of success for 1970-85. In contrast, for 1986-90 entrants, achieving a high grade at A-Level chemistry predicted success at obtaining a first-class degree at BMedSci, and a high grade at A-Level biology predicted success at BMBS. Over the 21 years, the majority of entrants achieved significantly lower grades at A-Level than predicted. General Studies A-Level was a poor predictor of achievement. Conclusions: On balance our current GCSE A-grade requirements should remain. Biology should be added to Chemistry as a compulsory A-Level subject. If predicted A-Level grades are borderline then the lower estimate should be used. General Studies should continue not to be used in selection. Performance of more recent mature entrants at BMBS needs further study. The recent gender and ethnic biases in obtaining honours at BMBS is currently being examined. The motivation of applicants planning to take deferred entry should be carefully explored at interview.
KW  - *Educational measurement
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Cohort studies
KW  - Demographic factors
KW  - Education, medical, undergraduate, methods
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - academic achievement
KW  - article
KW  - biology
KW  - chemistry
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - ethnic difference
KW  - examination
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - male
KW  - medical education
KW  - motivation
KW  - normal human
KW  - performance
KW  - sex difference
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - College Admission Test
KW  - Demography
KW  - Education, Medical, Undergraduate
KW  - Educational Measurement
KW  - England
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Humans
N1  - Cited By :54
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: MEDUD
C2  - 11703642
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: James, D.; School of Human Development, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
N1  - References: McManus, I.C., Factors affecting likelihood of applicants being offered a place in medical schools in the United Kingdom in 1996 and 1997: Retrospective study (1998) BMJ, 317, pp. 1111-1116; 
James, D.K., Driver, L., Ethnic and sex differences in selection for admission to Nottingham University Medical School (1999) BMJ, 319, pp. 351-352; 
Cohen, J., Cohen, P., (1983) Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences, , Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 
Ahmed, B., Ahmed, L.B., Al-Jouhari, M.M., Factors determining the performance of medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Kuwait (1988) Med Educ, 22, pp. 506-508; 
Alfayez, S.F., Strand, D.A., Carline, J.D., Academic, social and cultural factors influencing medical school grade performance (1990) Med Educ, 24, pp. 230-238; 
Chan-Ob, T., Boonyanaruthee, V., Medical student selection: Which matriculation scores and personality factors are important? (1999) J Med Assoc Thailand, 82, pp. 604-610; 
Garvey, F.J., Academic performance of medical students: Data from the intake of 1968 (1968) Med J Aust, 2, pp. 800-803; 
Hoschl, C., Kozeny, J., Predicting academic performance of medical students: The first three years (1997) Am J Psychiatr, 154 (6 SUPPL.), pp. 87-92; 
McManus, I.C., Richards, P., Prospective survey of performance of medical students during preclinical years (1986) BMJ, 293 (6539), pp. 124-127; 
Neame, R.L., Powis, D.A., Bristow, T., Should medical students be selected only from recent school-leavers who have studied science? (1992) Med Educ, 26, pp. 433-440; 
Powis, D.A., Selecting medical students (1994) Med Educ, 28, pp. 443-469; 
Reede, J.Y., Predictors of success in medicine. Review (1999) Clin Orthopaed Related Res, 362, pp. 72-77; 
Epstein, R., Maturity in medical students (1996) Lancet, 347 (8993), pp. 55-56; 
Rolfe, I.E., Pearson, S., Powis, D.A., Smith, A.J., Time for a review of admission to medical school? (1995) Lancet, 346 (8986), pp. 1329-1333; 
Scott, C.S., Greig, L.M., Brock, D.M., Hunt, D.D., Shaad, D.C., Carline, J.D., Early identification of future medical students using initial undergraduate grades (1988) Med Educ, 22, pp. 389-392; 
Abbasi, K., Is medical school selection discriminatory? (1998) BMJ, 317, pp. 1097-1098; 
Esmail, A., Commentary: League tables will help (1998) BMJ, 317, p. 1116
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034755404&doi=10.1046%2fj.1365-2923.2001.01042.x&partnerID=40&md5=3ef172e1639174073842d7cd48bd2bbb
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Increasing thyroid cancer incidence in Canada, 1970-1996: Time trends and age-period-cohort effects
T2  - British Journal of Cancer
J2  - Br. J. Cancer
VL  - 85
IS  - 9
SP  - 1335
EP  - 1339
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1054/bjoc.2001.2061
SN  - 00070920 (ISSN) 
AU  - Liu, S.
AU  - Semenciw, R.
AU  - Ugnat, A.-M.
AU  - Mao, Y.
AD  - Health Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Centre for Healthy Human Development, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
AD  - Surveillance and Risk Assessment Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
AB  - We examined time trends in thyroid cancer incidence in Canada by age, time period and birth cohort between 1970 and 1996. Age-specific incidence rates by time period and birth cohort were calculated and age-period-cohort modelling used to estimate effects underlying the observed trends. Overall age-adjusted incidence rates of thyroid cancer doubled, from 3.3 and 1.1 per 100 000 in 1970-72 to 6.8 and 2.2 per 100 000 in 1994-96, among females and males respectively. Almost all the increase between 1970-72 and 1994-96 was due to papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Age, birth cohort and period effects significantly improved the fit of the model for females, while age and birth cohort effects were significant determinants of the incidence among males. There were significant differences in the patterns/curvature for age, period and birth cohort effects between women and men. Our results suggest that the increases in thyroid cancer incidence in Canada may be associated with more intensive diagnostic activities and change in radiation exposure in childhood and adolescence. Temporal changes in reproductive factors among young women may explain some of the gender differences observed. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign.
KW  - Canada
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Poisson regression
KW  - Thyroid cancer
KW  - Time trends
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - Canada
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - ionizing radiation
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - papillary carcinoma
KW  - pathogenesis
KW  - priority journal
KW  - radiation exposure
KW  - radiodiagnosis
KW  - school child
KW  - sex difference
KW  - statistical model
KW  - statistics
KW  - thyroid cancer
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Canada
KW  - Carcinoma, Papillary
KW  - Child
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Reproduction
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Thyroid Neoplasms
N1  - Cited By :173
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJCAA
C2  - 11720471
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Mao, Y.; Surveillance Division, Ctr. for Chronic Dis. Prev./Cont., Health Canada, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
N1  - References: Akslen, L.A., Haldorsen, T., Thoresen, S.Ø., Glattre, E., Incidence pattern of thyroid cancer in Norway: Influence of birth cohort and time period (1993) Int J Cancer, 53, pp. 183-187; 
Band, P.R., Gaudette, L., Hill, G.B., Holowaty, E.J., Huchcroft, S.A., Johnston, G.M., Illing, E.M., Semenciw, R.M., (1993) The making of the Canadian cancer registry: Cancer incidence in Canada and it regions, 1969 to 1988, pp. 16-21. , Ottawa: Canadian Council of Cancer Registries; 
Boice J.D., Jr., The danger of X-rays - Real or apparent? (1986) N Eng J Med, 315, pp. 828-830; 
Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates, 1: Age-period and age-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 449-467; 
Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates, II: Age-period-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 469-481; 
Coleman, M.E., Estève, J., Damiecki, P., Arslan, A., Renard, H., (1993) Trends in cancer incidence and mortality, pp. 673-704. , IARC Sci Publ no. 121. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 
Dos Santos Silva, I., Swerdlow, A.J., Thyroid cancer epidemiology in England and Wales: Time trends and geographical distribution (1993) Br J Cancer, 67, pp. 330-340; 
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Liu, S., Semenciw, R., Waters, C., Wen, S.W., Mery, L.S., Mao, Y., Clues to the etiologic heterogeneity of testicular seminomas and non-seminomas: Time trends and age-period-cohort effects (2000) Int J Epidemiol, 29, pp. 826-831; 
Mack, W.J., Preston-Martin, S., Bernstein, L., Qian, D., Xiang, M., Reproductive and hormonal risk factors for thyroid cancer in Los Angeles County females (1999) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarker Prev, 8, pp. 991-997; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035798459&doi=10.1054%2fbjoc.2001.2061&partnerID=40&md5=f46c83878b41badb162f08df0a8fcf7b
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The natural course of cannabis use, abuse and dependence over four years: A longitudinal community study of adolescents and young adults
T2  - Drug and Alcohol Dependence
J2  - Drug Alcohol Depend.
VL  - 64
IS  - 3
SP  - 347
EP  - 361
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1016/S0376-8716(01)00137-5
SN  - 03768716 (ISSN) 
AU  - Von Sydow, K.
AU  - Lieb, R.
AU  - Pfister, H.
AU  - Höfler, M.
AU  - Sonntag, H.
AU  - Wittchen, H.-U.
AD  - Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Kraepelinstrasse 2, 80804 Munich, Germany
AB  - Objectives: To determine incidence and patterns of natural course of cannabis use and disorders as well as cohort effects in a community sample of adolescents and young adults. Method: Cumulative incidence and patterns of cannabis use and disorders were examined in a prospective longitudinal design (mean follow-up period = 42 months) in a representative sample (N = 2446) aged 14-24 years at the outset of the study. Patterns of cannabis use, abuse and dependence (DSM-IV) were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI). Results: (1) Cumulative lifetime incidence for cannabis use (at second follow-up): 47%; 5.5% for cannabis abuse, 2.2% for dependence. (2) Men used and abused cannabis more often than women. (3) The majority of the older participants (18-24 years at baseline) had reduced their cannabis use at follow-up, while younger participants (14-17 years at baseline) more often had increased their use and developed abuse or dependence. (4) The younger birth cohort (1977-1981) tended to start earlier with substance (ab)use compared to the older birth cohort (1970-1977). (5) Cannabis use was associated with increasing rates of concomitant use of other licit and illicit drugs. Conclusions: Cannabis use is widespread in our sample, but the probability of developing cannabis abuse or dependence is relatively low (8%). The natural course of cannabis use is quite variable: about half of all cannabis users stopped their use spontaneously in their twenties, others report occasional or more frequent use of cannabis. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Abuse
KW  - Cannabis
KW  - Cohort
KW  - Dependence
KW  - Gender
KW  - Longitudinal study
KW  - Use
KW  - cannabis
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - community
KW  - controlled study
KW  - drug abuse
KW  - drug dependence
KW  - drug use
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - lifespan
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mental disease
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prospective study
KW  - sex difference
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age of Onset
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Germany
KW  - Humans
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Marijuana Abuse
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Recurrence
KW  - Substance-Related Disorders
KW  - Survival Analysis
KW  - Cannabis
N1  - Cited By :136
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: DADED
C2  - 11672949
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Wittchen, H.-U.; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Kraepelinstrasse 2, 80804 Munich, Germany; email: wittchen@mpipsykl.mpg.de
N1  - Funding details: 01 EB 9901/6, Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Ministry of Science Research and Technology
N1  - Funding details: 01 EB 9901/6, Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Ministry of Science Research and Technology
N1  - Funding text: Acknowledgements This work is part of the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) Study and is funded by the German Ministry of Research and Technology, project No. 01 EB 9405/6 and 01 EB 9901/6. Principal investigators are Dr Hans-Ulrich Wittchen and Dr Roselind Lieb. Current or former staff members of the EDSP group are Dr Kirsten von Sydow, Dr Gabriele Lachner, Dr Axel Perkonigg, Dr.-Psych. Peter Schuster, Dr Franz Gander, Dipl.-Stat. Michael Höfler, Dipl.-Psych. Holger Sonntag, Dipl.-Psych. Esther Beloch, Mag. phil. Martina Fuetsch, Dipl.-Psych. Elzbieta Garczynski, Dipl.-Psych. Alexandra Holly, Dipl.-Psych. Barbara Isensee, Dipl.-Psych. Marianne Mastaler, Dipl.-Psych. Nina Müller, Dr Chris Nelson, Dipl.- Inf. Hildegard Pfister, Dr Victoria Reed, Dipl.-Psych. Dilek Türk, Dipl.-Psych. Antonia Vossen, Dr Ursula Wunderlich and Dipl.-Psych. Petra Zimmermann. Scientific advisors are Dr Jules Angst (Zurich), Dr Jürgen Margraf (Basel), Dr Günther Esser (Potsdam), Dr Kathleen Merikangas (Yale, New Haven) and Dr Ron Kessler (Harvard, Boston). We thank Robin Carter for her help in proofreading this manuscript. Our special thanks go to the participants of this study.
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035500620&doi=10.1016%2fS0376-8716%2801%2900137-5&partnerID=40&md5=7bd3a27b3a6b6c8df41c23f02a7e55b1
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The effect of income on car ownership: Evidence of asymmetry
T2  - Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice
J2  - Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract.
VL  - 35
IS  - 9
SP  - 807
EP  - 821
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1016/S0965-8564(00)00018-5
SN  - 09658564 (ISSN) 
AU  - Dargay, J.M.
AD  - ESRC Transport Studies Unit, Centre for Transport Studies, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
AD  - Tel.: +44-020-7679-1583, United Kingdom
AB  - This paper examines the effect of income on car ownership, and specifically the question of hysteresis or asymmetry. Although there is little doubt that rising income leads to higher car ownership, less is understood about the effect of falling income. Traditional demand modelling is based on the implicit assumption that demand responds symmetrically to rising and falling income. The object of this study is to test this assumption statistically. Using a dynamic econometric model relating household car ownership to income, the number of adults and children in the household, car prices and lagged car ownership, income decomposition techniques are employed to separately estimate elasticities with respect to rising and falling income. The equality of these elasticities - no hysteresis - is tested statistically against the inequality - hysteresis - hypothesis. Various functional specifications are tested in order to assure the robustness of the results to assumptions concerning functional form. The estimation is based on cohort data constructed from 1970 to 1995 UK Family Expenditure Surveys, and a pseudo-panel methodology is employed. The results indicate that car ownership responds more strongly to rising than to falling income - there is a 'stickiness' in the downward direction. In addition, there is evidence that the income elasticity is not constant, but instead declines with increasing car ownership. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Income
KW  - Economic and social effects
KW  - Economics
KW  - Ground vehicles
KW  - Robustness (control systems)
KW  - Transportation
KW  - car ownership
KW  - consumption behavior
KW  - demand elasticity
KW  - household expenditure
KW  - income
N1  - Cited By :130
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Dargay, J.M.; ESRC Transport Studies Unit, Centre for Transport Studies, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; email: j.dargay@ucl.ac.uk
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Madre, J.L., Bussière, Y., Armoogum, J., Demographic dynamics of mobility in urban areas: A case study of Paris and Grenoble (1995) Proceedings of the Seventh World Conference on Transport Research, , 16-21 July, Sydney, Australia. Elsevier, Amsterdam; 
Mannering, F., Winston, C., A dynamic empirical analysis of household vehicle ownership and utilization (1985) Rand J. Economics, 16 (2), pp. 215-236; 
Pendyala, R.M., Kostyniuk, L.P., Goulias, K.G., A repeated cross-sectional evaluation of car ownership (1995) Transportation, 22, pp. 165-184; 
Train, K., Lohrer, M., (1982) Vehicle Ownership and Usage: An Integrated System of Disaggregate Demand Models, , Cambridge Systematics, Berkeley, CA
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Gävleborg study of patients with anorexia nervosa: More boys than girls required intensive care 
ST  - Studie i Gävleborg av patienter med anorexia nervosa: Fier pojkar än flickor intensivvårdas
T2  - Lakartidningen
J2  - Lakartidningen
VL  - 98
IS  - 42
SP  - 4578
EP  - 4582
PY  - 2001
SN  - 00237205 (ISSN) 
AU  - Jonsson, P.H.
AD  - Barn- och Ungdomspsykiatriska Kliniken, Hälsinglands Sjukhus, Hudiksvall, Sweden
AD  - BUP-kliniken, Länssjukhuset, SE-801 87 Gävle, Sweden
AB  - In the early 1970's British doctors (Beaumont et al) published clinical findings and concluded that anorexia nervosa is a disease occurring in both sexes. Until then it had been considered a female disease only. A number of studies have reported a rather poor outcome for boys and men. In a Danish study infertility was noted in affected men. The aim of this study is to describe typical arrays of clinical data in order to assess attitudes and values concerning the effect of treatment on 28 teenagers out of a total of 48 children and adolescents. A sociometric questionnaire was used to assess the youngsters' knowledge of their disease, their opinions concerning the competence of staff, their feelings concerning treatment, including parental involvement in therapy and medications used, as well as their opinions concerning the results of treatment. All boys are alive (in 1999), 19 years after falling ill. The boys were much more reluctant to accept inpatient care than were the girls, who seem to show greater autonomy. Participants' final appraisal of treatment is slightly positive, whereas in the hypothetical situation that a friend might fall ill with an eating disorder, a sizeable majority would recommend contact with child psychiatry.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - anorexia nervosa
KW  - article
KW  - attitude to health
KW  - child
KW  - child hospitalization
KW  - comparative study
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - intensive care
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - patient compliance
KW  - patient satisfaction
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - statistics
KW  - Sweden
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Anorexia Nervosa
KW  - Attitude to Health
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Hospitalized
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Intensive Care
KW  - Male
KW  - Patient Compliance
KW  - Patient Satisfaction
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Sweden
N1  - Cited By :3
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 11715231
LA  - Swedish
N1  - Correspondence Address: Jonsson, P.H.; BUP-kliniken, Länssjukhuset, SE-801 87 Gävle, Sweden; email: per.p.jonsson@lg.se
N1  - References: Råstam, M., (1990) Anorexia Nervosa in Swedish Urban Teenagers [Dissertation], , Göteborg: Göteborgs universitet;; 
Beaumont, P.J.V., Beardwood, C.J., Russel, F.M., The occurence of the syndrome of anorexia nervosa in male subjects (1972) Psychol Med, 2, pp. 216-231; 
Bruch, H., Anorexia nervosa in the male (1971) Psychosom Med, 33, pp. 31-47; 
Toifl, K., Lischka, A., Waldhauser, F., Klinische Befunde (1988) Klin Padiatr, 200, pp. 113-119; 
Tolstrup, K., Brinch, M., Isager, T., Nielsen, S., Nystrup, J., Severin, B., Long term outcome of 151 cases of anorexia nervosa (1985) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 71, pp. 380-387; 
Burns, T., Crisp, A.H., Factors affecting prognosis in male anorectics (1985) J Psychatr Res, 19, pp. 323-328; 
Higgs, J.F., Goodyer, I.M., Birch, J., Anorexia nervosa and food avoidance emotional disorder (1989) Arch Dis Child, 64, pp. 346-351; 
Margo, J.L., Anorexia nervosa in males. A comparison with female pa-tients (1987) Br J Psychiatry, 151, pp. 80-83; 
Steinhausen, H.C., Seidel, R., Outcome in adolescent eating disorders (1993) Int J Eat Disord, 14, pp. 487-496; 
Steiner, H., Lock, J., Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in children and adolescents: A review of the past 10 years (1998) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 37, pp. 352-359; 
Walford, G., McCune, N., Long-term outcome in early-onset anorexia nervosa (1991) Br J Psychiatry, 159, pp. 383-389; 
(1987) MINI-D-R, Diagnostiska Kriterier Enligt DSM-III-R, , Danderyd: Pilgrim Press
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Rubella seropositivity in the United States, 1988-1994
T2  - Clinical Infectious Diseases
J2  - Clin. Infect. Dis.
VL  - 33
IS  - 8
SP  - 1279
EP  - 1286
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1086/322651
SN  - 10584838 (ISSN) 
AU  - Dykewicz, C.A.
AU  - Kruszon-Moran, D.
AU  - McQuillan, G.M.
AU  - Williams, W.W.
AU  - Van Loon, F.P.L.
AU  - Cossen, C.
AU  - Forghani, B.
AU  - Hadler, S.C.
AD  - National Immunization Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, United States
AD  - National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Hyattsville, MD, United States
AD  - California State Department of Health Services, Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
AB  - Data obtained in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), conducted during 1988-1994, were analyzed to determine the epidemiology of rubella seropositivity in the United States, including risk factors for low rubella seropositivity. Serological samples obtained from NHANES III study participants ≥6 years of age were tested for rubella IgG antibodies. "Rubella seropositivity" was defined as serum rubella IgG antibody level ≥10 IU by enzyme immunoassay. Overall, rubella seropositivity rates in the United States were 92% in persons aged 6-11 years, 83% in persons aged 12-19 years, 85% in persons aged 20-29 years, 89% in persons aged 30-39 years, and ≥93% in persons aged ≥40 years. The lowest rate (78%) of any United States birth cohort of the 20th century occurred among persons born from 1970-1974. Eliminating rubella and chronic rubella syndrome in the United States will require international efforts, including vaccination of preschool- and school-age children and all susceptible young adults.
KW  - immunoglobulin G
KW  - rubella antibody
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age distribution
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - health program
KW  - human
KW  - infection control
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - rubella
KW  - seroprevalence
KW  - United States
KW  - vaccination
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Antibodies, Viral
KW  - Child
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Surveys
KW  - Humans
KW  - Immunoenzyme Techniques
KW  - Immunoglobulin G
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Rubella
KW  - Rubella virus
KW  - Seroepidemiologic Studies
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :26
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 11565065
LA  - English
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Antibodies, Viral; Immunoglobulin G
N1  - References: Witte, J.J., Karchmer, A.W., Case, G., Epidemiology of rubella (1969) Am J Dis Child, 118, pp. 107-111; 
Surveillance summary rubella - United States (1970) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 19, pp. 335-337; 
Preblud, S.R., Serdula, M.K., Frank, J.A., Brandling-Bennett, A.D., Hinman, A.R., Rubella vaccination in the United States: A ten-year review (1980) Epidemiol Rev, 2, pp. 171-194; 
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Rubella and congenital rubella syndrome - United States, 1994-1997 (1997) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 46, pp. 350-354; 
Shlian, D.M., Screening and immunization of rubella-susceptible women. Experience in a large, prepaid medical group (1978) JAMA, 240, pp. 662-663; 
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National, state, amd urban area vaccination coverage levels among children aged 19-35 months - United States, 1997 (1998) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 47, pp. 547-554; 
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Vaccination coverage by race/ethnicity and poverty level among children aged 19-35 months - United States, 1996 (1997) Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 46, pp. 963-969; 
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Measles, mumps, and rubella - Vaccine use and strategies for elimination of measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome, and control of mumps: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) (1998) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 47 (8), pp. 1-57; 
Schluter, W.W., Reef, S.E., Redd, S.C., Dykewicz, C.A., Changing epidemiology of congenital rubella syndrome in the United States (1998) J Infect Dis, 178, pp. 636-641; 
Demographic characteristics of persons without a regular source of medical care - Selected states, 1995 (1998) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 47, pp. 277-279; 
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Tingle, A.J., Chantler, J.K., Pot, K.H., Paty, D.W., Ford, D.K., Postpartum rubella immunization: Association with development of prolonged arthritis, neurological sequelae, and chronic rubella viremia (1985) J Infect Dis, 152, pp. 606-612; 
Tingle, A.J., Mitchell, L.A., Grace, M., Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study on adverse effects of rubella immunisation in seronegative women (1997) Lancet, 349, pp. 1277-1281; 
Slater, P.E., Ben-Zvi, T., Fogel, A., Ehrenfield, M., Ever-Hadni, S., Absence of an association between rubella vaccination and arthritis in under-immune postpartum women (1995) Vaccine, 13, pp. 1529-1532; 
Frenkel, L.M., Nielsen, K., Garakian, A., Jin, R., Wolinsky, J.S., Cherry, J.D., A search for persistent rubella virus infection in persons with chronic symptoms after rubella and rubella immunization and in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (1996) Clin Infect Dis, 22, pp. 287-294; 
Ray, P., Black, S., Shinefield, H., Risk of chronic arthropathy among women after rubella vaccination (1997) JAMA, 278, pp. 551-556; 
Slater, P.E., Chronic arthropathy after rubella vaccination in women. False alarm? (1997) JAMA, 278, pp. 594-595; 
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Knox, E.G., Theoretical aspects of rubella vaccination strategies (1985) Rev Infect Dis, 7, pp. S194-S197
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sources of bias in special needs provision in mainstream primary schools: Evidence from two British cohort studies
T2  - European Journal of Special Needs Education
J2  - Europ. J. Spec. Needs Educ.
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
SP  - 259
EP  - 276
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1080/08856250110074409
SN  - 08856257 (ISSN) 
AU  - Sacker, A.
AU  - Schoon, I.
AU  - Bartley, M.
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Royal Free and Univ. Coll. London, Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Psychology, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom
AB  - This study examines inequality during late childhood in children's access to special needs help in mainstream primary schools using data from two British cohorts: the National Child Development Study (NCDS) and the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70). It explores the source of any biases in the provision of special help using measures of individual gender, attainment and psychosocial adjustment; family social class; school composition; and education regions. Pervasive gender bias was found both in the identification of children with special needs and in the provision of help to children with special needs. There were more children from manual homes receiving help in school than children from professional homes, but when reading, mathematics and psychosocial adjustment scores were taken into account, the gradient reversed, so that children from professional homes were more likely to be getting help. The influence of the school's composition showed the same reversal. Once test scores were considered, schools with a greater proportion of above average children were more likely to be able to provide help for those with special needs than schools with a greater proportion of children with problems. Regional variation suggests that areas in southeast England are better funded than average, while areas of deprivation are not provided with sufficient resources to meet their children's needs.
KW  - Bias
KW  - Britain
KW  - Cohort studies
KW  - Inequalities
KW  - Special needs
KW  - article
KW  - child care
KW  - child development
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - family
KW  - financial management
KW  - gender
KW  - health care access
KW  - health care need
KW  - human
KW  - individuality
KW  - primary school
KW  - priority journal
KW  - psychosocial care
KW  - resource allocation
KW  - school child
KW  - school health service
KW  - social interaction
KW  - United Kingdom
N1  - Cited By :4
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EJSEE
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Sacker, A.; Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Royal Free and Univ. Coll. London, Medical School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; email: a.sacker@public-health.ucl.ac.uk
N1  - Funding text: This work was funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council grant no. R00429334394. Data from the National Child Development Study and the 1970 British ChoSoutrwdtsy eu ed rbypethe pESRlDiCAa vert. Tahcohwsciehadoort ur ie the original collection and analysis of the data bear no responsibility for further aaynss lainindertp triWe oewtnstahi.toh aDr Jenny nCk o,froher rhbpfeeaudlteltvic and comments.
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years: The Scottish Mental Survey 1932
T2  - Archives of Disease in Childhood
J2  - Arch. Dis. Child.
VL  - 85
IS  - 3
SP  - 189
EP  - 195
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1136/adc.85.3.189
SN  - 00039888 (ISSN) 
AU  - Shenkin, S.D.
AU  - Starr, J.M.
AU  - Pattie, A.
AU  - Rush, M.A.
AU  - Whalley, L.J.
AU  - Deary, I.J.
AD  - Geriatric Medicine, Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 21 Chalmers Street, Edinburgh EH3 9EW, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Squares, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Mental Health, Clinical Research Centre, Royal Cornhill Hospital, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZH, United Kingdom
AB  - Aims - To examine the relation between birth weight and cognitive function at age 11 years, and to examine whether this relation is independent of social class. Methods - Retrospective cohort study based on birth records from 1921 and cognitive function measured while at school at age 11 in 1932. Subjects were 985 live singletons born in the Edinburgh Royal Maternity and Simpson Memorial Hospital in 1921. Moray House Test scores from the Scottish Mental Survey 1932 were traced on 449 of these children. Results - Mean score on Moray House Test increased from 30.6 at a birth weight of <2500 g to 44.7 at 4001-4500 g, after correcting for gestational age, maternal age, parity, social class, and legitimacy of birth. Multiple regression showed that 15.6% of the variance in Moray House Test score is contributed by a combination of social class (6.6%), birth weight (3.8%), child's exact age (2.4%), maternal parity (2.0%), and illegitimacy (1.5%). Structural equation modelling confirmed the independent contribution from each of these variables in predicting cognitive ability. A model in which birth weight acted as a mediator of social class had poor fit statistics. Conclusion - In this 1921 birth cohort, social class and birth weight have independent effects on cognitive function at age 11. Future research will relate these childhood data to health and cognition in old age.
KW  - Barker hypothesis
KW  - Birth weight
KW  - Intelligence
KW  - Social class
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - child development
KW  - cognition
KW  - female
KW  - gestational age
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - intelligence
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - maternal age
KW  - priority journal
KW  - school child
KW  - social class
KW  - statistical model
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Development
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Illegitimacy
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Intelligence Tests
KW  - Linear Models
KW  - Male
KW  - Parity
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Statistics, Nonparametric
N1  - Cited By :83
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ADCHA
C2  - 11517097
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Deary, I.J.; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Squares, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom; email: i.deary@ed.ac.uk
N1  - References: Bouchard T.J., Jr., Genetic and environmental influences on adult intelligence and special mental abilities (1998) Hum Biol, 70, pp. 257-279; 
Barker, D.J.P., Maternal nutrition, fetal nutrition, and disease in later life (1997) Nutrition, 13, pp. 807-813; 
Barker, D.J.P., (1994) Mothers, babies and disease in later life, , London: BMJ Publishing Group; 
Morgane, P.J., Austin-LaFrance, R., Bronzino, J., Prenatal malnutrition and development of the brain (1993) Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 17, pp. 91-128; 
Drillien, C.M., The incidence of mental and physical handicaps in school age children of very low birth weight. II (1967) Pediatrics, 39, pp. 238-247; 
Rose, S.A., Feldman, J.F., Prediction of IQ and specific cognitive abilities at 11 years from infancy measures (1995) Dev Psychol, 31, pp. 685-696; 
Hutton, J.L., Pharoah, P.O., Cooke, R.W., Stevenson, R.C., Differential effects of preterm birth and small gestational age on cognitive and motor development (1997) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 76, pp. F75-F81; 
Richards, M., Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E., Birth weight and cognitive function in the British 1946 birth cohort: Longitudinal population based study (2001) BMJ, 322, pp. 199-203; 
Sorensen, H.T., Sabroe, S., Olsen, J., Birth weight and cognitive function in young adult life: Historical cohort study (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 401-403. , published erratum appears in BMJ 1998;316:747; 
Seidman, D.S., Laor, A., Gale, R., Birth weight and intellectual performance in late adolescence (1992) Obstet Gynecol, 79, pp. 543-546; 
Martyn, C.N., Gale, C.R., Sayer, A.A., Fall, C., Growth in utero and cognitive function in adult life: Follow up study of people born between 1920 and 1943 (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 1393-1396; 
Hack, M., Effects of intrauterine growth retardation on mental performance and behavior, outcomes during adolescence and adulthood (1998) Eur J Clin Nutr, (SUPPL. 1), pp. S65-S70; 
Bartley, M., Power, C., Blane, D., Birth weight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: Evidence from the 1958 British cohort study (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 1475-1478; 
Baxter-Jones, A.D., Cardy, A.H., Helms, P.J., Influence of socioeconomic conditions on growth in infancy: The 1921 Aberdeen birth cohort (1999) Arch Dis Child, 81, pp. 5-9; 
Kramer, M.S., Seguin, L., Lydon, J., Goulet, L., Socio-economic disparities in pregnancy outcome: Why do the poor fare so poorly? (2000) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 14, pp. 194-210; 
Wiener, G., The relationship of birth weight and length of gestation to intellectual development at ages 8 to 10 years (1970) J Pediatr, 76, pp. 694-699; 
Moore, V.M., Miller, A.G., Boulton, T.J., Placental weight, birth measurements, and blood pressure at age 8 years (1996) Arch Dis Child, 74, pp. 538-541; 
Deary, I.J., Whalley, L.J., Lemmon, H., The stability of individual differences in mental ability from childhood to old age: Follow-up of the 1932 Scottish Mental Survey (2000) Intelligence, 28, pp. 49-55; 
(1933) The intelligence of scottish children. A national survey of an age group, , London: University of London Press; 
Bentler, P.M., (1995) EQS Structural Equations Program Manual, , Encino, CA: Multivariate Software, Inc; 
Fall, C.H., Vijayakumar, M., Barker, D.J., Weight in infancy and prevalence of coronary heart disease in adult life (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 17-19; 
(1921) 67th Annual Report of the Registrar General for Scotland, 1921, , London: HMSO; 
(2001) 2000 Preliminary Return, Population and Vital Events, Scotland, , Edinburgh: General Register Office for Scotland; 
Lanting, C.I., Fidler, V., Huisman, M., Neurological differences between 9-year-old children fed breast-milk or formula-milk as babies (1994) Lancet, 344, pp. 1319-1322; 
Macintyre, S., The Black report and beyond: What are the issues? (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 723-745; 
Joseph, K.S., Kramer, M.S., Review of the evidence on fetal and early childhood antecedents of adult chronic disease (1996) Epidemiol Rev, 18, pp. 158-174; 
Cleveland, H.H., Jacobson, K.C., Lipinski, J.J., Rowe, D.C., Genetic and shared environmental contributions to the relationship between the home environment and child and adolescent achievement (2000) Intelligence, 28, pp. 69-86
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034834779&doi=10.1136%2fadc.85.3.189&partnerID=40&md5=ef7b2bd6ca2a2c0f1fcd0f5eaee29d78
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Inflammatory bowel disease and laterality: Is left handedness a risk?
T2  - Gut
J2  - Gut
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
SP  - 199
EP  - 202
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1136/gut.49.2.199
SN  - 00175749 (ISSN) 
AU  - Morris, D.L.
AU  - Montgomery, S.M.
AU  - Galloway, M.L.
AU  - Pounder, R.E.
AU  - Wakefield, A.J.
AD  - Royal Free and University College Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Enheten für Klinisk Epidemiologi, Karolinska Sjukhuset and Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - Background - Left handedness has been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and autoimmune diseases. Aims - To determine whether left handedness is associated with IBD in two prospective national birth cohorts. Methods - Subjects with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were identified from two national longitudinal birth cohorts at age 26 years (1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70), born in 1970) and age 33 years (National Child Development Study (NCDS), born in 1958). Laterality was determined at age 10 (BCS70) or seven (NCDS) years, based on hand preference for writing and foot preference for kicking a ball (BCS70 only). Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the relationship of handedness with CD, UC, and IBD in the cohorts combined and adjusted for sex. Results - Both cohorts combined showed increased adjusted relative odds of 2.13 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97-4.65; p=0.059), 2.13 (95% CI 0.92-4.91; p=0. 077), and 2.13 (95% CI 1.20-3.78; p=0.010) for CD, UC, and IBD, respectively in left handers. Conclusions - The study suggests a link between IBD and left handedness which may be genetic and/or environmental in origin.
KW  - Handedness
KW  - Inflammatory bowel disease
KW  - article
KW  - colon Crohn disease
KW  - environmental factor
KW  - heredity
KW  - human
KW  - left handedness
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk factor
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - ulcerative colitis
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Colitis, Ulcerative
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - Crohn Disease
KW  - Female
KW  - Functional Laterality
KW  - Humans
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Male
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Sex Factors
N1  - Cited By :13
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: GUTTA
C2  - 11454794
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Morris, D.L.; Inflammatory Bowel Dis. Study Group, Roy. Free/Univ. Coll. Hosp. Med. S., Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; email: Wisemail@compuserve.com
N1  - References: Dellatolas, G., Annesi, I., Jallon, P., An epidemiological reconsideration of the Geschwind-Galaburda theory of cerebral lateralization (1990) Arch Neurol, 47, pp. 778-782; 
Smith, J., Left-handedness: Its association with allergic disease (1987) Neuropsychologia, 25, pp. 665-674; 
Soper, H.V., Satz, P., Orsini, D.L., Handedness patterns in autism suggest subtypes (1986) J Autism Dev Disord, 16, pp. 155-167; 
Geschwind, N., Behan, P., Left-handedness: Association with immune disease, migraine, and developmental learning disorder (1982) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 79, pp. 5097-5100; 
Becker, J.T., Bass, S.M., Dew, M., Hand preference, immune system disorder and cognitive function among gay/bisexual men: The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) (1992) Neuropsychologia, 30, pp. 229-235; 
Searleman, A., Fugagli, A.K., Suspected autoimmune disorders and left-handedness: Evidence from individuals with diabetes, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (1987) Neuropsychologia, 25, pp. 367-374; 
Meyers, S., Janowitz, H.D., Left-handedness and inflammatory bowel disease (1985) J Clin Gastroenterol, 7, pp. 33-35; 
Bryden, M.P., McManus, I.C., Bulman-Fleming, M., Evaluating the empirical support for the Geschwind-Behan-Galaburda model of cerebral lateralisation (1994) Brain Cogn, 26, pp. 103-167; 
McKeever, W.F., Rich, D.A., Left handedness and immune disorders (1990) Cortex, 26, pp. 33-40; 
Obrzut, J.E., The Geschwind-Behan-Galaburda theory of cerebral lateralization: Thesis, antithesis, and synthesis (1994) Brain Cogn, 26, pp. 267-274; 
Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J.M., Montgomery, S.M., (1997) An integrated approach to the design and analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS), , London, SSRU, The City University; 
Montgomery, S.M., Morris, D.L., Thompson, N.P., Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in British 26 year-olds: National longitudinal birth cohort (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1058-1059; 
Thompson, N.P., Montgomery, S.M., Pounder, R.E., Is measles vaccination a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease? (1995) Lancet, 345, pp. 1071-1074; 
Shepherd, P., Analysis of response bias (1993) Life at 33: The fifth follow-up of the National Child Development Study, pp. 184-187. , Ferri E, ed. National Children's Bureau; 
Shepherd, P., Survey and response (1997) Twenty-something in the 1990's, pp. 129-136. , Bynner JM, Ferri E, Shepherd P, eds. UK: Ashgate; 
Le Roux, A., Sex differences and the incidence of left-handedness (1979) J Psychol, 102, pp. 261-262; 
Peter, M., Durding, B.M., Footedness of left- and right-handers (1979) Am J Psychol, 92, pp. 133-142; 
Geschwind, N., Behan, P., Laterality, hormones and immunity (1984) Cerebral dominance: the biological foundations, , Geschwind N, Galaburda AM, eds. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press; 
Yokoyama, M.M., Hara, A., Shiotsuki, Lymphocyte subsets of left-handers (1987) Brain Behav Immun, 1, pp. 36-39; 
Chengappa, K.N., Ganguli, R., Yang, Z., Non-right sidedness: An association with lower IL-2 production (1992) Life Sci, 51, pp. 1843-1849; 
Chengappa, K.N., Ganguli, R., Ulrich, R., The prevalence of autoantibodies among right and left handed schizophrenic patients and control subjects (1992) Biol Psychiatry, 32, pp. 803-811; 
Leviton, A., Kilty, T., Seasonal variation in the birth of left-handed schoolgirls (1979) Arch Neurol, 36, pp. 115-116; 
Haslam, N., Mayberry, J.F., Probert, C.S., Month-of-birth is a risk factor for Crohn's disease (1997) Gut, 41 (SUPPL. 3), pp. A175; 
Morris, D.L., Montgomery, S.M., Kyle, J., Is season of birth a risk factor for Crohn's disease (1999) Gut, 45 (SUPPL. V), pp. A124; 
Sandler, R.S., Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (1994) Inflammatory bowel disease, from bench to bedside, pp. 5-30. , Targan SR, Shanahan F, eds. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 
Yeo, R.A., Gangestad, S.W., Developmental origins of variation in human hand preference (1993) Genetica, 89, pp. 281-296; 
St. Marseille, A., Braun, C.M.J., Comments on immune aspects of the Geschwind-Behan-Galburda model and of the article of Bryden, Mcmanus and Bulman-Fleming (1994) Brain Cogn, 26, pp. 281-290
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034916867&doi=10.1136%2fgut.49.2.199&partnerID=40&md5=0f0f0053ae338efdfe51699d12377255
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Unequal pay for women and men: Evidence from the british birth cohort studies
T2  - International Journal of Manpower
J2  - Int. J. Manpow.
VL  - 22
IS  - 5
SP  - 475
EP  - 486
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1108/ijm.2001.22.5.475.3
SN  - 01437720 (ISSN) 
AU  - Neuman, S.
AD  - Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Neuman, S.; Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
N1  - References: Blinder, A.S., Wage discrimination: reduced form and structural estimates (1973) Journal of Human Resources, 8, pp. 436-455; 
Brown, R., Moon, M., Zoloth, B.S., Incorporating occupational attainment in studies of male-female earnings differentials (1980) Journal of Human Resources, 15, pp. 3-28; 
Miller, P.W., The effect of the occupational segregation of women in Britain (1987) The Economic Journal, 97, pp. 885-896; 
Neumark, D., Employers’ discriminatory behavior and the estimation of wage discrimination (1988) Journal of Human Resources, 23, pp. 279-295; 
Neuman, S., Oaxaca, R., Estimating labor market discrimination with selectivity corrected wage equations: methodological considerations and an illustration from Israel (1998) CEPR Discussion Papers #1915, London.; 
Neuman, S., Silber, J., Wage discrimination across ethnic groups: evidence from Israel (1996) Economic Inquiry, 34, pp. 648-661; 
Oaxaca, R.L., Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets (1983) International Economic Review, 14, pp. 693-709; 
Oaxaca, R.L., Ransom, M.R., On discrimination and the decomposition of wage differentials (1994) Journal of Econometrics, 61, pp. 5-21
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The birth rate of hypospadias in the Turku area in Finland
T2  - APMIS, Supplement
J2  - APMIS Suppl.
VL  - 109
IS  - 103
SP  - S43
EP  - S47
PY  - 2001
SN  - 0903465X (ISSN) 
AU  - Virtanen, H.E.
AU  - Kaleva, M.
AU  - Haavisto, A.-M.
AU  - Schmidt, I.M.
AU  - Chellakooty, M.
AU  - Main, K.M.
AU  - Skakkebaek, N.E.
AU  - Toppari, J.
AD  - Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
AB  - Reports based on national registers of congenital malformations have suggested that the birth rate of hypospadias has increased during the last few decades. Register-based information may, however, have pitfalls because of changes in diagnostics, reporting accuracy and registration system. The aim of this study was to determine the current birth rate of hypospadias in Turku University Central Hospital (TUCH) in Finland. This was a prospective study on live-born boys born in TUCH from 1997 to 1999. In the total birth cohort (n=5,798) as well as in a special subcohort group (n=1,505) 0.3% of boys had hypospadias. Only one scrotal hypospadias was found in a boy who had a chromosomal anomaly. Other hypospadias were glandular or coronal. No increase was found in the birth rate of hypospadias when comparing our result with register-based data of boys born in Finland during the years 1970 to 1986 and surgically treated for hypospadias by the age of 8 years. No difference was found either from malformation register-based data concerning the nationwide birth rate of hypospadias during the years 1993 to 1998. Due to differences in national registration systems between countries, prospective studies with equal assessment criteria are needed in order to make reliable international comparisons.
KW  - Congenital malformations
KW  - Hypospadias
KW  - accuracy
KW  - birth rate
KW  - chromosome aberration
KW  - conference paper
KW  - congenital malformation
KW  - controlled study
KW  - diagnostic procedure
KW  - disease classification
KW  - Finland
KW  - human
KW  - hypospadias
KW  - incidence
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - newborn
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prospective study
KW  - register
N1  - Cited By :12
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Conference Paper
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: APSUE
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Virtanen, H.E.; Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; email: helena.virtanen@utu.fi
N1  - References: Akre, O., Lipworth, L., Cnattingius, S., Sparen, P., Ekbom, A., Risk factor patterns for cryptorchidism and hypospadias (1999) Epidemiology, 10, pp. 364-369; 
Weidner, I.S., Moller, H., Jensen, T.K., Skakkebaek, N.E., Risk factors for cryptorchidism and hypospadias (1999) J Urol, 161, pp. 1606-1609; 
Moller, H., Weidner, I.S., Epidemiology of cryptorchidism and hypospadias (1999) Epidemiology, 10, pp. 352-354; 
Toppari, J., Larsen, J.C., Christiansen, P., Giwercman, A., Grandjean, P., Guillette L.J., Jr., Male reproductive health and environmental xenoestrogens (1996) Environ Health Perspect, 104 (SUPPL. 4), pp. 741-803; 
Paulozzi, L.J., International trends in rates of hypospadias and cryptorchidism (1999) Environ Health Perspect, 107, pp. 297-302; 
Dolk, H., Rise in prevalence of hypospadias (1998) Lancet, 351, p. 770; 
Paulozzi, L.J., Erickson, J.D., Jackson, R.J., Hypospadias trends in two US surveillance systems (1997) Pediatrics, 100, pp. 831-834; 
Hemminki, E., Merilainen, J., Teperi, J., Reporting of malformations in routine health registers (1993) Teratology, 48, pp. 227-231; 
Aho, M., Koivisto, A.M., Tammela, T.L., Auvinen, A., Is the incidence of hypospadias increasing? Analysis of Finnish hospital discharge data 1970-1994 (2000) Environ Health Perspect, 108, pp. 463-465; 
Adami, H.O., Bergstrom, R., Mohner, M., Zatonski, W., Storm, H., Ekbom, A., Testicular cancer in nine northern European countries (1994) Int J Cancer, 59, pp. 33-38; 
Carlsen, E., Giwercman, A., Keiding, N., Skakkebaek, N.E., Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years (1992) BMJ, 305, pp. 609-613; 
Swan, S.H., Elkin, E.P., Fenster, L., The question of declining sperm density revisited: An analysis of 101 studies published 1934-1996 (2000) Environ Health Perspect, 108, pp. 961-966; 
Sharpe, R.M., Skakkebaek, N.E., Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract? (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 1392-1395; 
Bergstrom, R., Adami, H.O., Mohner, M., Zatonski, W., Storm, H., Ekbom, A., Increase in testicular cancer incidence in six European countries: A birth cohort phenomenon (1996) J Natl Cancer Inst, 88, pp. 727-733; 
Skakkebaek, N.E., Rajpert-De Meyts, E., Jorgensen, N., Carlsen, E., Petersen, P.M., Giwercman, A., Germ cell cancer and disorders of spermatogenesis: An environmental connection? (1998) APMIS, 106, pp. 3-11; 
Jensen, T.K., Vierula, M., Hjollund, N.H., Saaranen, M., Scheike, T., Saarikoski, S., Semen quality among Danish and Finnish men attempting to conceive (2000) Eur J Endocrinol, 142, pp. 47-52. , The Danish First Pregnancy Planner Study Team
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Life markers in biographical narratives of people from three cohorts: A life span perspective in its historical context
T2  - Human Development
J2  - Hum. Dev.
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
SP  - 171
EP  - 190
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1159/000057057
SN  - 0018716X (ISSN) 
AU  - Grob, A.
AU  - Krings, F.
AU  - Bangerter, A.
AD  - Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Muesmattstrasse 45, CH-3000 Bern, Switzerland
AB  - Human development is often understood as an interplay between biological, sociohistorical, and social factors, as well as individual developmental actions. However, historical influences on development have rarely been investigated. The present study discusses societal change in the course of this century and investigates its impact on the life course by analyzing biographical narratives. This impact is illustrated by results from a study where participants from three birth cohorts (1920-25; 1945-50; 1970-75) were interviewed about important markers in their experienced and expected biographies. Although distribution of life markers over the life span was analogous across cohorts, participants from the younger cohorts perceived themselves as having more control on setting important life markers across their biographies. Their narratives referred more often to personal and less often to contextual and sociohistorical themes. Copyright © 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel.
KW  - (Auto-)biography
KW  - Historical context
KW  - Life markers
KW  - Life span development
KW  - Narrative
KW  - Perceived control
KW  - Socio-historical change
N1  - Cited By :36
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: HUDEA
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Grob, A.; Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Muesmattstrasse 45, CH-3000 Bern, Switzerland; email: Alexander.Grob@psy.unibe.ch
N1  - References: Baltes, P.B., On the incomplete architecture of human ontogeny: Selection, optimization, and compensation as foundation of developmental theory (1997) American Psychologist, 52, pp. 366-380; 
Bamberg, M.G.W., (1997) Oral Versions of Personal Experience, , Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum; 
Bamberg, M.G.W., (1997) Narrative Development: Six Approaches, , Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum; 
Baumeister, R.F., (1991) Meanings of Life, , New York: Guilford; 
Beck, U., (1986) Risikogesellschaft. Auf dem Weg in Eine Andere Moderne. [Risk Society: On the Way to Another Modernity.], , Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp; 
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Brandtstädter, J., Action, culture and development: Points of convergence (1997) Culture and Psychology, 3, pp. 335-352; 
Bronfenbrenner, U., (1979) The Ecology of Human Development, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 
Church, A.T., Lonner, W.J., The cross-cultural perspective in the study of personality: Rationale and current research (1998) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29, pp. 32-62; 
Conway, M.A., The inventory of experience: Memory and identity (1997) Collective Memory of Political Events: Social Psychological Perspectives, pp. 21-45. , J.W. Pennebaker, D. Paez & B. Rimé (Eds.), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum; 
Coupland, N., Coupland, J., Giles, H., (1991) Language, Society and the Elderly: Discourse, Identity and Aging, , Oxford: Blackwell; 
De Vries, B., Watt, D., A lifetime of events: Age and gender variations in the life story (1996) International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 42, pp. 81-102; 
Elder G.H., Jr., (1974) Children of the Great Depression: Social Change in Life Experience, , Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0043196758&doi=10.1159%2f000057057&partnerID=40&md5=17e84efc6dfdbb12c6e16f7c4c14d514
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The socioeconomic position of employed women, risk factors and mortality
T2  - Social Science and Medicine
J2  - Soc. Sci. Med.
VL  - 53
IS  - 4
SP  - 477
EP  - 485
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00350-6
SN  - 02779536 (ISSN) 
AU  - Heslop, P.
AU  - Davey Smith, G.
AU  - Macleod, J.
AU  - Hart, C.
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom
AD  - Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
AB  - Many studies have demonstrated the graded association between socioeconomic position and health. Few of these studies have examined the cumulative effect of socioeconomic position throughout the lifecourse, and even fewer have included women. Those that have explored gender differences affirm the importance of studying the factors that predict women and men's health separately. This study addresses the associations between cross-sectional and longitudinal socioeconomic position, risk factors for cardiovascular disease and mortality from various causes. Analyses are based on data from a cohort of working Scottish women recruited between 1970 and 1973. Five socioeconomic measures were explored in relation to diastolic blood pressure, plasma cholesterol concentration, body mass index, forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), amount of recreational exercise taken, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. In general, for each of the five measures of socioeconomic position, there were significant differences in at least one of the age-adjusted physiological risk factors for cardiovascular disease (diastolic blood pressure, plasma cholesterol concentration, body mass index, FEV1). There were also significant differences in the percentage of current cigarette smokers according to different measures of socioeconomic position, although this was not the case for the other behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular disease (amount of recreational exercise taken, and alcohol consumption). Measures of socioeconomic position were also examined in relation to cause of death for the women who died before 1 January 1999. After adjusting for age and risk factors, a composite measure of lifetime socioeconomic experience was a more potent predictor of all cause mortality and mortality from cardiovascular disease than other measures of socioeconomic position. It therefore seems that conventional measures of socioeconomic position, estimated at one point in time, do not adequately capture the effects of socioeconomic circumstances on the risk of mortality among employed women. Thus, a broader range of explanatory factors for mortality differentials than currently exists must be considered, and must include consideration of factors operating throughout the lifecourse. Copyright © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd.
KW  - Inequalities
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Socioeconomic position
KW  - Women
KW  - cholesterol
KW  - life history
KW  - medical geography
KW  - mortality
KW  - risk factor
KW  - socioeconomic status
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - alcohol consumption
KW  - article
KW  - body mass
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - cardiovascular risk
KW  - cholesterol blood level
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - diastolic blood pressure
KW  - disease association
KW  - employment
KW  - exercise
KW  - female
KW  - forced expiratory volume
KW  - gender
KW  - health
KW  - human
KW  - mortality
KW  - normal human
KW  - risk factor
KW  - social class
KW  - social status
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cardiovascular Diseases
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Women, Working
KW  - United Kingdom
N1  - Cited By :63
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SSMDE
C2  - 11459398
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Davey Smith, G.; Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom; email: zetkin@bristol.ac.uk
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Class, mobility and merit: The experience of two British birth cohorts
T2  - European Sociological Review
J2  - Eur. Sociol. Rev.
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
SP  - 81
EP  - 101
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1093/esr/17.2.81
SN  - 02667215 (ISSN) 
AU  - Breen, R.
AU  - Goldthorpe, J.H.
AD  - Dept. of Polit. and Social Sciences, European University Institute, Via del Roccettini 9, 1-50016 San Domenico di Fiesole (Fl), Italy
AD  - Nuffield College, Oxford OX1 1NF, United Kingdom
AB  - The controversial issue of 'meritocracy' can be most productively addressed if it is treated as one of direction of change over time: i.e. whether individual merit, understood in terms of ability, effort, or educational attainment, is growing in importance in processes of social selection. To test the thesis of 'increasing merit selection', we analyse data from two British cohort studies relating to children born in 1958 and 1970 respectively. We find that, from the later to the earlier cohort, the pattern of relative rates of class mobility changed little; and that individual merit, as we are able to measure it, did not play a greater part in mediating the association between class origins and destinations. In fact, the effects of ability and educational attainment on individuals' relative mobility chances diminished somewhat. These findings, we argue, are less surprising than they may at first appear if viewed in the context of the problematic relationship between the idea of meritocracy and the operation of a free-market economy.
N1  - Cited By :147
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Breen, R.; Dept. of Polit. and Social Sciences, European University Institute, Via del Roccettini 9, 1-50016 San Domenico di Fiesole (Fl), Italy; email: Breen@datacomm.iue.it
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035373903&doi=10.1093%2fesr%2f17.2.81&partnerID=40&md5=619a087eba4d93eb915c8f910937ca1b
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Psychological distress and work and home roles: A focus on socio-economic differences in distress
T2  - Psychological Medicine
J2  - Psychol. Med.
VL  - 31
IS  - 4
SP  - 725
EP  - 736
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1017/S0033291701003683
SN  - 00332917 (ISSN) 
AU  - Matthews, S.
AU  - Power, C.
AU  - Stansfeld, S.
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, St. Bartholomew's at the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary and Westfield College, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
AB  - Background. Home and work factors have been linked to psychological status, but less is known about their contribution to social inequalities in psychological status. We examine whether social inequalities in psychological distress can be explained by work-home factors and whether the impact of these potential explanatory factors is similar for men and women. Methods. Data are from the 1958 British birth cohort study. We sought to explain social class differences in psychological distress at age 33. Explanatory factors were classified as work-home roles: i.e. employment, marital status, domestic responsibility, children and elderly care; and work-home characteristics: i.e. job-strain, insecurity, unsocial working hours, youngest child's age, number of children and level of involvement in childcare. Results. A social gradient in psychological distress was found: odds ratios for classes IV and V v. I and II were 2·65 (men) and 3·02 (women). Work factors had consistently stronger associations with psychological distress and with social class among men than women. Work factors had a greater impact on class differences in psychological distress in men. Associations for home roles and characteristics were less consistent and their combined effect on class differences in distress was negligible for both sexes. Conclusion. Explanations for the social gradient differ for men and women. Work may be more important for men than women, but the impact of home factors was not strong during the early adulthood of this cohort.
KW  - adult
KW  - adulthood
KW  - article
KW  - birth
KW  - child care
KW  - classification
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - distress syndrome
KW  - elderly care
KW  - employment
KW  - female
KW  - home
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - marriage
KW  - mental health
KW  - sex difference
KW  - social class
KW  - social status
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - sociology
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - work
KW  - Activities of Daily Living
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Child
KW  - Child of Impaired Parents
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Employment
KW  - Family Relations
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Marital Status
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Stress, Psychological
KW  - Workload
N1  - Cited By :31
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PSMDC
C2  - 11352374
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035003460&doi=10.1017%2fS0033291701003683&partnerID=40&md5=e225aafb537ea829e5b6c0972ade4bd2
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The birth rate of hypospadias in the Turku area in Finland
T2  - APMIS
J2  - APMIS
VL  - 109
IS  - 2
SP  - 96
EP  - 100
PY  - 2001
SN  - 09034641 (ISSN) 
AU  - Virtanen, H.E.
AU  - Kaleva, M.
AU  - Haavisto, A.-M.
AU  - Schmidt, I.M.
AU  - Chellakooty, M.
AU  - Main, K.M.
AU  - Skakkebaek, N.E.
AU  - Toppari, J.
AD  - Departments of Physiology and Paediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
AD  - University Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
AD  - Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
AB  - Reports based on national registers of congenital malformations have suggested that the birth rate of hypospadias has increased during the last few decades. Register-based information may, however, have pitfalls because of changes in diagnostics, reporting accuracy and registration system. The aim of this study was to determine the current birth rate of hypospadias in Turku University Central Hospital (TUCH) in Finland. This was a prospective study on live-born boys born in TUCH from 1997 to 1999. In the total birth cohort (n=5,798) as well as in a special subcohort group (n=1,505) 0.3% of boys had hypospadias. Only one scrotal hypospadias was found in a boy who had a chromosomal anomaly. Other hypospadias were glandular or coronal. No increase was found in the birth rate of hypospadias when comparing our result with register-based data of boys born in Finland during the years 1970 to 1986 and surgically treated for hypospadias by the age of 8 years. No difference was found either from malformation register-based data concerning the nationwide birth rate of hypospadias during the years 1993 to 1998. Due to differences in national registration systems between countries, prospective studies with equal assessment criteria are needed in order to make reliable international comparisons.
KW  - Congenital malformations
KW  - Hypospadias
KW  - article
KW  - birth rate
KW  - chromosome aberration
KW  - clinical article
KW  - congenital malformation
KW  - Finland
KW  - genital malformation
KW  - human
KW  - hypospadias
KW  - infant
KW  - male
KW  - newborn
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prospective study
KW  - register
KW  - Birth Rate
KW  - Finland
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypospadias
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Male
KW  - Neonatal Screening
KW  - Population Surveillance
KW  - Prospective Studies
N1  - Cited By :32
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: APMSE
C2  - 11399000
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Virtanen, H.E.; Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; email: helena.virtanen@utu.fi
N1  - References: Akre, O., Lipworth, L., Cnattingius, S., Sparen, P., Ekbom, A., Risk factor patterns for cryptorchidism and hypospadias (1999) Epidemiology, 10, pp. 364-369; 
Weidner, I.S., Moller, H., Jensen, T.K., Skakkebaek, N.E., Risk factors for cryptorchidism and hypospadias (1999) J Urol, 161, pp. 1606-1609; 
Moller, H., Weidner, I.S., Epidemiology of cryptorchidism and hypospadias (1999) Epidemiology, 10, pp. 352-354; 
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Dolk, H., Rise in prevalence of hypospadias (1998) Lancet, 351, p. 770; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035023935&partnerID=40&md5=811ed1d12b589c712e8eadab348c4197
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Teenage childbearing and long-term socioeconomic consequences: A case study in Sweden
T2  - Family Planning Perspectives
J2  - Fam. Plann. Perspect.
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
SP  - 70
EP  - 74
PY  - 2001
SN  - 00147354 (ISSN) 
AU  - Otterblad Olausson, P.
AU  - Haglund, B.
AU  - Ringbäck Weitoft, G.
AU  - Cnattingius, S.
AD  - Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - Context: Whether long-term socioeconomic problems experienced by many teenage mothers are a reflection of preexisting disadvantage or are consequences of teenage motherhood per se remains unclear. Methods: National data on all women born in Sweden from 1941 to 1970 who were younger than age 30 when they first gave birth (N=888,044) were analyzed. The outcome measures, assessed during adulthood, were employment status, socioeconomic status, educational attainment, single motherhood, family size, receipt of disability pension and dependence on welfare. Multiple logistic regression techniques were used to adjust for maternal birth cohort and for socioeconomic background of the woman's family. Results: Compared with Swedish women who first gave birth at ages 20-24, those who were teenage mothers had significantly increased odds of each unfavorable socioeconomic outcome in later life, even after the data were adjusted for family socioeconomic situation and maternal birth cohort. For example, teenage motherhood was positively associated with low educational attainment (odds ratios of 1.7-1.9, depending on the specific age during adolescence when the woman gave birth), with single living arrangements (odds ratios, 1.5-2.3), with high parity (odds ratios, 2.6-6.0), with collecting a disability pension (odds ratios, 1.6-1.9) and with welfare dependency (odds ratios, 1.9-2.6). These trends were usually linear, with the highest odds ratios corresponding to women who had had their first child at the youngest ages. Conclusions: A longitudinal analysis of record-linkage data from Sweden supports the view that childbearing during adolescence poses a risk for socioeconomic disadvantage in later life - even for adolescents from relatively comfortable backgrounds and for those who studied beyond elementary school.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adolescent pregnancy
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - education
KW  - family size
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - pension
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - single parent
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - Sweden
KW  - welfare
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Education
KW  - Employment
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Multivariate Analysis
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Poverty
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy in Adolescence
KW  - Public Assistance
KW  - Risk
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Sweden
N1  - Cited By :51
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: FPGPA
C2  - 11330853
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Otterblad Olausson, P.; Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Recent trends in cutaneous melanoma incidence among whites in the United States
T2  - Journal of the National Cancer Institute
J2  - J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
VL  - 93
IS  - 9
SP  - 678
EP  - 683
PY  - 2001
SN  - 00278874 (ISSN) 
AU  - Jemal, A.
AU  - Devesa, S.S.
AU  - Hartge, P.
AU  - Tucker, M.A.
AD  - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
AD  - National Institutes of Health, EPS 8049, 6120 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD 20892, United States
AB  - Background: It is not yet clear whether increasing melanoma incidence is real or whether recent incidence trends mainly reflect improved diagnosis. To address this question, we examined the most recent melanoma incidence patterns among the white population stratified by sex, age, tumor stage, and tumor thickness by use of data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Methods: We examined log-transformed age-specific rates for melanoma by 5-year age groups and time periods by year of diagnosis and birth cohort. Melanoma trends were further examined among broader age groups (&lt;40 years, 40-59 years, and &ge;60 years) by tumor stage and tumor thickness. Rates were age-adjusted to the 1970 U.S. standard population, and trends were tested by use of a two-sided Student's t test. Results: Melanoma incidence increased in females born since the 1960s. From 1974-1975 through 1988-1989, upward trends for the incidence of localized tumors and downward trends for the incidence of distant-stage tumors occurred in the age group under 40 years. In the more recent time period, 1990-1991 through 1996-1997, age-specific rates among females compared with males generally remained stable or declined more for distant-stage tumors and increased less for local-stage tumors. Thin tumors (&lt;1 mm) increased statistically significantly in all age groups (P&lt;.05 for all), except in men under age 40 years. In contrast, rates for thick tumors (&ge;4 mm) increased statistically significantly (P = .0003) only in males aged 60 years and older. Conclusion: Melanoma incidence may well continue to rise in the United States, at least until the majority of the current population in the middle-age groups becomes the oldest population. The recent trends may reflect increased sunlight exposure.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - birth
KW  - cancer epidemiology
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cancer localization
KW  - cancer staging
KW  - Caucasian
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - gender
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - melanoma
KW  - population
KW  - priority journal
KW  - sex difference
KW  - skin cancer
KW  - standard
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - sun exposure
KW  - thickness
KW  - United States
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - European Continental Ancestry Group
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Melanoma
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Skin Neoplasms
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :343
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JNCIA
C2  - 11333289
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Jemal, A.; National Institutes of Health, 6120 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD 20892, United States; email: jemala@exchange.nih.gov
N1  - References: Ries, L.A., Wingo, P.A., Miller, D.S., Howe, H.L., Weir, H.K., Rosenberg, H.M., The annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973-1997, with a special section on colorectal cancer (2000) Cancer, 88, pp. 2398-2424; 
Ries, L.A., Eisner, M.P., Kosary, C.L., Hankey, B.F., Miller, B.A., Clegg, L., (2000), editors. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1973-1997. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute; Mack, T.M., Floderus, B., Malignant melanoma risk by nativity, place of residence at diagnosis, and age at migration (1991) Cancer Causes Control, 2, pp. 401-411; 
Walter, S.D., King, W.D., Marrett, L.D., 1999. Association of cutaneous malignant melanoma with intermittent exposure to ultraviolet radiation: Results of a case-control study in Ontario, Canada (1999) Int J Epidemiol, 28, pp. 418-427; 
Fears, T.R., Scotto, J., Schneiderman, M.A., Mathematical model of age and ultraviolet effects on the incidence of skin cancer among whites in the United States (1977) Am J Epidemiol, 105, pp. 420-427; 
Osterlind, A., Tucker, M.A., Stone, B.J., Jensen, O.M., The Danish case-control study of cutaneous malignant melanoma. II. Importance of UV-light exposure (1988) Int J Cancer, 42, pp. 319-324; 
Gilchrest, B.A., Eller, M.S., Geller, A.C., Yaar, M., The pathogenesis of melanoma induced by ultraviolet radiation (1999) N Engl J Med, 340, pp. 1341-1348; 
Jemal, A., Devesa, S.S., Fears, T.R., Hartge, P., Cancer surveillance series: Changing patterns of cutaneous malignant melanoma mortality rates among whites in the United States (2000) J Natl Cancer Inst, 92, pp. 811-818; 
Kim, H.J., Fay, M.P., Feuer, E.J., Midthune, D.N., Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates (2000) Stat Med, 19, pp. 335-351; 
Devesa, S.S., Donaldson, J., Fears, T., Graphical presentation of trends in rates (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 141, pp. 300-304; 
McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A., Generalized linear models (1989), New York: Chapman &amp; Hall; Tarone, R.E., Chu, K.C., Evaluation of birth cohort patterns in population disease rates (1996) Am J Epidemiol, 143, pp. 85-91; 
Snedecor, G.W., Cochran, W.G., (1980) Statistical Methods, p. 491. , 7th ed. Ames (IA): The Iowa State University Press; 
(1989), 2. , SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT user's guide. Version 6. 4th ed. Cary (NC): SAS Institute Inc; Fritz, A., Ries, L.A., (1998) Codes and Coding Instructions, , editors. SEER extent of diseases - 1988. 3rd ed. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute; 
Dennis, L.K., White, E., Lee, J.A., Recent cohort trends in malignant melanoma by anatomic site in the United States (1993) Cancer Causes Control, 4, pp. 93-100; 
Scotto, J., Pitcher, H., Lee, J.A., Indications of future decreasing trends in skin-melanoma mortality among whites in the United States (1991) Int J Cancer, 49, pp. 490-497; 
Robinson, J.K., Rigel, D.S., Amonette, R.A., Trends in sun exposure knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors: 1986 to 1996 (1997) J Am Acad Dermatol, 37 (2 PART 1), pp. 179-186; 
Armstrong, B.K., English, D.R., Cutaneous malignant melanoma (1996) Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, pp. 1282-1312. , Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF Jr, editors. 2nd ed. New York (NY): Oxford University Press; 
Cooke, K.R., Skegg, D.C., Fraser, J., Trends in malignant melanoma of skin in New Zealand (1983) Int J Cancer, 31, pp. 715-718; 
Streetly, A., Markowe, H., Changing trends in the epidemiology of malignant melanoma: Gender differences and their implications for public health (1995) Int J Epidemiol, 24, pp. 897-907; 
Armstrong, B.K., Kricker, A., Cutaneous melanoma (1994) Cancer Surv, 19-20, pp. 219-240; 
Philipp, R., Hastings, A., Briggs, J., Sizer, J., Are malignant melanoma time trends explained by changes in histopathological criteria for classifying pigmented skin lesions? (1988) J Epidemiol Community Health, 42, pp. 14-16; 
van der Esch, E.P., Muir, C.S., Nectoux, J., Macfarlane, G., Maisonneuve, P., Bharucha, H., Temporal change in diagnostic criteria as a cause of the increase of malignant melanoma over time is unlikely (1991) Int J Cancer, 47, pp. 483-489; 
Dennis, L.K., Analysis of the melanoma epidemic, both apparent and real: Data from the 1973 through 1994 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program registry (1999) Arch Dermatol, 135, pp. 275-280; 
Hall, H.I., Miller, D.R., Rogers, J.D., Bewerse, B., Update on the incidence and mortality from melanoma in the United States (1999) J Am Acad Dermatol, 40, pp. 35-42; 
Schuchter, L., Schultz, D.J., Synnestvedt, M., Trock, B.J., Guerry, D., Elder, D.E., A prognostic model for predicting 10-year survival in patients with primary melanoma (1996) Ann Intern Med, 125, pp. 369-375. , The Pigmented Lesion Group; 
Swerlick, R.A., Chen, S., The melanoma epidemic: More apparent than real? (1997) Mayo Clin Proc, 72, pp. 559-564; 
Glass, A.G., Hoover, R.N., The emerging epidemic of melanoma and squamous cell skin cancer (1989) JAMA, 262, pp. 2097-2100; 
Koh, H.K., Norton, L.A., Geller, A.C., Sun, T., Rigel, D.S., Miller, D.R., Evaluation of the American Academy of Dermatology's National Skin Cancer Early Detection and Screening Program (1996) J Am Acad Dermatol, 34, pp. 971-978; 
Manual of the international statistical classification of diseases, injuries, and causes of death (1977), 1. , World Health Organization (WHO). 9th rev. Geneva (Switzerland): WHO; Merlino, L.A., Sullivan, K.J., Whitaker, D.C., Lynch, C.F., The independent pathology laboratory as a reporting source for cutaneous melanoma incidence in Iowa, 1977-1994 (1997) J Am Acad Dermatol, 37, pp. 578-585; 
Koh, H.K., Clapp, R.W., Barnett, J.M., Nannery, W.M., Tahan, S.R., Geller, A.C., Systematic underreporting of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Massachusetts. Possible implications for national incidence figures (1991) J Am Acad Dermatol, 24, pp. 545-550
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035795581&partnerID=40&md5=727ca4baae34feefcacf23b36c2af4fe
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Physical and psychological effects of injury: Data from the 1958 British birth cohort study
T2  - European Journal of Public Health
J2  - Eur. J. Public Health
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
SP  - 81
EP  - 84
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1093/eurpub/11.1.81
SN  - 11011262 (ISSN) 
AU  - Li, L.
AU  - Roberts, I.
AU  - Power, C.
AD  - Department of Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1 EH, United Kingdom
AB  - Background: There is only scant evidence for the long-term health effects of road traffic injuries. We therefore assessed the extent to which motor vehicle driver injuries influence limiting long-standing illness and psychological distress using data from a nationwide study (the 1958 British birth cohort) in early adulthood. Methods: Information was obtained on driver injuries occurring between ages 23 and 33 years and limiting illnesses and psychological distress at age 33 years. The risks of injury-related adverse consequences were derived using logistic regression and expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals. Results: A single injury was associated with limiting illness (OR=2.01 and 95% Cl: 1.38-2.94). The association between a single injury and psychological distress was strong for a recent injury occurring between ages 30 and 33 years (OR=1.86 and 95% Cl: 1.24-2.81), but not for injuries occurring earlier on. The population attributable fraction for limiting illness with one injury was 3.8% (range 1.7-5.3%) and with two or more injuries was 1.0% (range 0.5-1.3%). After controlling for potential confounding factors the corresponding figures were 4.2% (range 2.2-5.6%) and 1.1% (range 0.5-1.3%) respectively. Conclusions: Driver injuries are associated with a substantial increase in disability and, also in the short term, with increases in psychological distress. These results highlight the need for identifying effective strategies for the prevention of road traffic injuries as well as more effective approaches for rehabilitation of the injured.
KW  - Disability
KW  - Driver injury
KW  - Long-standing illness
KW  - Psychological distress
KW  - article
KW  - disease association
KW  - distress syndrome
KW  - follow up
KW  - motor vehicle
KW  - physical disability
KW  - priority journal
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - psychosocial environment
KW  - traffic accident
KW  - Accidents, Traffic
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Male
KW  - State Medicine
KW  - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Wounds and Injuries
N1  - Cited By :11
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EJPHF
C2  - 11276576
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Roberts, I.; Dept. Paediatr. Epidemiol./Biostat., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
N1  - References: (1992) Mortality statistics: cause (DH2), , London: HMSO; 
(1995) Transport statistics Great Britain, , London: HMSO; 
(1991) The health of the nation, , London: HMSO; 
Roberts, I., Hollis, S., Campbell, F., Yates, D., Declining injury rates for children and young adults: The contribution of hospital care (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 1239-1241; 
Di Gallo, A., Parry-Jones, W., Psychological sequelae of road traffic accidents: An inadequately addressed problem (1996) Br J Psychiatr, 169, pp. 405-407; 
Barker, M., Power, C., Roberts, I., Injuries and the risk of disability in teenagers and young adults (1996) Arch Dis Child, 75, pp. 156-158; 
Mayou, R., Bryant, B., Duthie, R., Psychiatric consequences of road traffic accidents (1993) BMJ, 307, pp. 647-651; 
Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: the fifth follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; 
Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, health and behaviour, , Longman: London; 
Di Gallo, A., Barton, J., Parry-Jones, W.L., Road traffic accidents: Early consequences in children and adolescents (1997) Br J Psychiatr, 170, pp. 358-362; 
Green, M.M., McFarlane, A.C., Hunter, C.E., Griggs, W.M., Undiagnosed post-traumatic stress disorder following motor vehicle accidents (1993) Med J Aust, 159, pp. 529-534; 
Murray, C.J.L., Lopez, A.D., (1996) The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020, , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Epidemiology of childhood epilepsy in a cohort of 309 Chinese children
T2  - Pediatric Neurology
J2  - Pediatr. Neurol.
VL  - 24
IS  - 4
SP  - 276
EP  - 282
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1016/S0887-8994(01)00247-8
SN  - 08878994 (ISSN) 
AU  - Ling Kwong, K.
AU  - Chak, W.K.
AU  - Wong, S.N.
AU  - So, K.T.
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
AB  - The present study describes the characteristics of epilepsy in a cohort of Chinese epileptic children. All children with active epilepsy who were under 15 years of age and residing in the catchment area of Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong were monitored. Etiology, seizure types, and epilepsy syndromes were classified according to the recent guidelines of the International League Against Epilepsy. A total of 309 children were recruited into the study. The etiology of epilepsy was idiopathic in 42% of the children, cryptogenic in 16.8%, and remote symptomatic in 40.8%. Perinatal factors were the most frequently found cause of epilepsy. Seizure types were partial in 48.5% of the children and generalized in 46.9%. Epilepsy syndromes could be classified in all but seven patients, with 48.2% localization related and 49.5% generalized. Generalized seizures were more prevalent in children less than 5 years of age. Additional neuroimpairments affected 36% of our epileptic children. Sixty-nine percent of patients were seizure free for more than 1 year. The authors conclude that the International League Against Epilepsy can be applied successfully to a population-based cohort of Chinese epileptic children. A larger, longitudinal epidemiologic study is needed to answer questions concerning the true prevalence, incidence, types, and etiologies in the Chinese population. © 2001 by Elsevier Science Inc.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - article
KW  - benign childhood epilepsy
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - focal epilepsy
KW  - grand mal seizure
KW  - Hong Kong
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - morbidity
KW  - neurologic disease
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk factor
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Age of Onset
KW  - Catchment Area (Health)
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - China
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Epilepsy
KW  - Female
KW  - Genetic Predisposition to Disease
KW  - Hong Kong
KW  - Hospitals
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant
KW  - Male
KW  - Population Surveillance
KW  - Prevalence
N1  - Cited By :48
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PNEUE
C2  - 11377102
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Ling Kwong, K.; Department of Pediatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tsing Chung Koon Rd., Hong Kong, Hong Kong
N1  - References: Hauser, W., Annegers, J., Kurland, L., Incidence of epilepsy and unprovoked seizures in Rochester, Minnesota: 1935-1984 (1993) Epilepsia, 34, pp. 453-678; 
Berg, A.T., The epidemiology of seizures and epilepsy in children (1995) Childhood Seizures, pp. 1-10. , S. Shinnar, N. Amir, & D. Branski. Basel: S. Karger; 
Sidenvall, R., Forsgren, L., Heijbel, J., Prevalence and characteristics of epilepsy in northern Sweden (1996) Seizure, 5, pp. 139-146; 
Sidenvall, R., Epidemiology (1990) Paediatric Epilepsy, pp. 1-8. , M. Sillanpaa, S.I. Johanssen, G. Blennow, & M. Dam. Petersfield: Wrightson; 
Leviton, A., Cowan, L.D., Epidemiology of seizure disorders in children (1982) Neuroepidemiology, 1, pp. 40-83; 
Hauser, W.A., Nelson, K.B., Epidemiology of epilepsy in children (1989) Clev Clin J Med, 56 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 185-S194; 
Shorvon, S.D., Farmer, P.J., Epilepsy in developing countries: A review of epidemiological, sociocultural and treatment aspects (1988) Epilepsia, 29 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 36-S54; 
Rwiza, H.T., Kilonzo, G.P., Haule, J., Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in Ulanga, a rural Tanzanian district: A community-based study (1992) Epilepsia, 33, pp. 1051-1056; 
Tsuboi, T., Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in Tokyo (1988) Epilepsia, 29, pp. 103-110; 
Braathen, G., Theorell, K., A general hospital population of childhood epilepsy (1995) Acta Pediatr, 84, pp. 1143-1146; 
Hauser, W.A., Annergers, J.F., Kurland, L.T., Prevalence of epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota: 1940-1980 (1991) Epilepsia, 32, pp. 429-445; 
Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures (1981) Epilepsia, 22, pp. 489-501; 
Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 389-399; 
Guidelines for epidemiologic studies on epilepsy (1993) Epilepsia, 34, pp. 592-596; 
Sander, J.W.A.S., Shorvon, S.D., Incidence and prevalence studies in epilepsy and their methological problems: A review (1987) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 50, pp. 829-839; 
Kong, F.Y., An analytic epidemiologic survey of epilepsy in the Hui and Han nationality districts of Yinchuan (1989) Chung Hau Shen Ching Ching Shen Ko Tsa Chih, 22, pp. 111-113; 
Li, S.C., Schoenberg, B.S., Wang, C.C., Cfheng, X., Zhou, S., Boli, C.L., Epidemiology of epilepsy in urban areas of the People's Republic of China (1985) Epilepsia, 26, pp. 391-394; 
Bharucha, N.E., Bharucha, A.E., Bharucha, E.P., Prevalence of peilepsy in the Parsi community of Bombay (1988) Epilepsia, 29, pp. 111-115; 
Lai, C.W., Huang, X.S., Lai, Y.H., Zhang, Z.Q., Liu, G.J., Yang, M.Z., Survey of public awareness, understanding, and attitudes toward epilepsy in Henan Province, China (1990) Epilepsia, 31, pp. 182-187; 
Chung, M.Y., Chang, Y.C., Lai, Y.H., Lai, C.W., Survey of public awareness, understanding, and attitudes toward epilepsy in Taiwan (1995) Epilepsia, 36, pp. 488-493; 
Cowan, L.D., Leviton, A., Bodensteiner, J.B., Doherty, L., Problems in estimating the prevalence of epilepsy in children: The yield from different sources of information (1989) Paediatr Perinatal Epidemiol, 3, pp. 386-401; 
Camfield, C.S., Camfield, P.R., Gordon, K., Wirrell, E., Dooley, J.M., Incidence of epilepsy in childhood and adolescence: A population-based study in Nova Scotia from 1977 to 1985 (1996) Epilepsia, 37, pp. 19-23; 
Sillanpaa, M., Jalava, M., Shinnar, S., Epilepsy syndromes in patients with childhood-onset seizures in Finland (1999) Pediatr Neurol, 21, pp. 533-537; 
Endziniene, M., Pauza, V., Mizeviciene, I., Prevalence of epilepsy in Kaunas, Lithuania (1997) Brain Dev, 19, pp. 379-387; 
Annegers, J.F., Rocca, W.A., Hauser, W.A., Causes of epilepsy: Contributions of the Rochester Epidemiology Project (1996) Mayo Clin Proc, 71, pp. 570-575; 
Verity, C.M., Ross, E.M., Folding, J., Epilepsy in the first 10 years of life: Findings of the Child Health and Education Study (1992) Br Med J, 305, pp. 857-861; 
Hart, Y.M., Sander, J.W.A., Johnson, A.L., Shorvon, S.D., National General Practice Study of Epilepsy: Recurrence after a first seizure (1990) Lancet, 336, pp. 1267-1271; 
Eriksson, K.J., Koivikko, M.J., Prevalence, classification, and severity of epilepsy and epileptic syndromes in children (1997) Epilepsia, 38, pp. 1275-1282; 
Kramer, U., Nevo, Y., Neufeld, M.Y., Fatal, A., Leitner, Y., Harel, S., Epidemiology of epilepsy in childhood: A cohort of 440 consecutive patients (1998) Pediatr Neurol, 18, pp. 46-55; 
Beilmann, A., Soot, N.A., Talvik, I., Talvik, T., Prevalence of childhood epilepsy in Estonia (1999) Epilepsia, 40, pp. 1011-1019; 
Kramer, U., Phatal, A., Neufeld, M.Y., Leitner, Y., Harel, S., Outcome of seizures in the first year of life (1997) Eur J Pediatr Neurol, 5, pp. 165-167; 
Doose, H., Sitepu, B., Childhood epilepsy in a German city (1983) Neuropediatrics, 14, pp. 220-224; 
Brorson, L.O., Wranne, L., Long-term prognosis in childhood epilepsy: Survival and seizure prognosis (1987) Epilepsia, 28, pp. 324-330; 
Sillanpää, M., Epilepsy in children: Prevalence, disability and handicap (1992) Epilepsia, 33, pp. 444-449; 
Hauser, W.A., Status epilepticus: Frequency, etiology and neurological sequelae (1983) Advances in Neuology: Status Epilepticus, 34, pp. 3-14. , In: Delgado-Escueta AV, Wasterlain CG, Treiman DM, Porter RJ, eds. New York: Raven Press; 
Chevrie, J.J., Aicardi, J., Convulsive disorders in the first year of life. Etiological factors (1977) Epilepsia, 18, pp. 489-498; 
Aubourg, P., Dulac, O., Plouin, P., Diebler, C., Infantile status epilepticus as a complication of 'near miss' sudden infant death (1985) Dev Med Child Neurol, 27, pp. 40-48; 
Cavazzuti, G.B., Epidemiology of different types of epilepsy in school-age children in Modena, Italy (1980) Epilepsia, 21, pp. 57-62; 
Murphy, C.C., Trevathan, E., Yeargin-Allsopp, M., Prevalence of epilepsy and epileptic seizures in 10-year-old children: Results from the Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Studies (1995) Epilepsia, 36, pp. 866-872
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034996849&doi=10.1016%2fS0887-8994%2801%2900247-8&partnerID=40&md5=23d78a9b9ba031a803270d82bd61ea4d
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cervical cancer in Canada: Changing patterns in incidence and mortality
T2  - International Journal of Gynecological Cancer
J2  - Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
SP  - 24
EP  - 31
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1046/j.1525-1438.2001.011001024.x
SN  - 1048891X (ISSN) 
AU  - Liu, S.
AU  - Semenciw, R.
AU  - Probert, A.
AU  - Mao, Y.
AD  - Bureau of Reproductive and Child Health, Center for Healthy Human Development, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
AD  - Cancer Bureau, Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Population and Public Health Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
AD  - Cancer Bureau, LCDC Building #6, Tunney's Pasture, AL 0601C1, Ottawa, Ont. K1A 0L2, Canada
AB  - Data on incidence of cervical cancer by histologic subtype and mortality for the Canadian provinces of Ontario, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia were used to examine time trends by age, calender period, and birth cohort. Age-adjusted incidence rate of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix decreased from 11.1 per 100,000 women in 1970-72 to 5.3 in 1994-96, while the rate for cervical adenocarcinoma increased from 1.1 per 100,000 women to 1.5 over the same period. Age-adjusted mortality rate declined from 7.9 per 100,000 women in 1953-55 to 1.9 in 1995-97. The patterns in age-specific mortality rates in 1953-72 were different from those in 1973-97; younger women experienced larger reductions in mortality during the earlier period while older women benefited to a greater extent during the latter period. Age-period-cohort modeling showed that cohort effects were responsible for the decreasing trends in incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and increasing trends in adenocarcinoma, and both period and cohort effects account for the observed trends in mortality. The results suggest that Pap smear screening has played a significant role in the reduction in squamous cell cervical carcinoma. The causes for the increase in cervical adenocarcinoma are unclear.
KW  - Cervical cancer
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Poisson regression
KW  - Time trend
KW  - adenocarcinoma
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - Canada
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - mortality
KW  - Papanicolaou test
KW  - priority journal
KW  - squamous cell carcinoma
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - statistical model
KW  - uterine cervix cancer
KW  - Adenocarcinoma
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Canada
KW  - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
KW  - Epidemiologic Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Mass Screening
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
KW  - Vaginal Smears
N1  - Cited By :74
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJGCE
C2  - 11285030
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Mao, Y.; Cancer Bureau, LCDC Building 6, Tunney's Pasture, AL 0601C1 Ottawa, Ont. K1A 0L2, Canada; email: yang_mao@hc-sc.gc.ca
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Jin, F., Devesa, S.S., Xiang, Y.B., Gao, Y.T., Temporal patterns in cervical cancer incidence and survival in urban Shanghai (1999) Cancer Strategy, 1, pp. 210-212; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Teenage Childbearing and Long-Term Socioeconomic Consequences: A Case Study in Sweden
T2  - Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health
J2  - Perspect. Sex. Reprod. Health
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
SP  - 70
EP  - 74
PY  - 2001
SN  - 15386341 (ISSN) 
AU  - Olausson, P.O.
AU  - Haglund, B.
AU  - Weitoft, G.R.
AU  - Cnattingius, S.
AD  - Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Swedish Medical Birth Registry, Sweden
AD  - Centre for Epidemiology, National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Dept. Women's and Children's Hlth., Uppsala Univerity, Uppsala, Sweden
AD  - Dept. of Pub. Hlth. and Clin. Med., Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
AB  - Context: Whether long-term socioeconomic problems experienced by many teenage mothers are a reflection of preexisting disadvantage or are consequences of teenage motherhood per se remains unclear. Methods: National data on all women born in Sweden from 1941 to 1970 who were younger than age 30 when they first gave birth (N=888,044) were analyzed. The outcome measures, assessed during adulthood, were employment status, socioeconomic status, educational attainment, single motherhood, family size, receipt of disability pension and dependence on welfare. Multiple logistic regression techniques were used to adjust for maternal birth cohort and for socioeconomic background of the woman's family. Results: Compared with Swedish women who first gave birth at ages 20-24, those who were teenage mothers had significantly increased odds of each unfavorable socioeconomic outcome in later life, even after the data were adjusted for family socioeconomic situation and maternal birth cohort. For example, teenage motherhood was positively associated with low educational attainment (odds ratios of 1.7-1.9, depending on the specific age during adolescence when the woman gave birth), with single living arrangements (odds ratios, 1.5-2.3), with high parity (odds ratios, 2.6-6.0), with collecting a disability pension (odds ratios, 1.6-1.9) and with welfare dependency (odds ratios, 1.9-2.6). These trends were usually linear, with the highest odds ratios corresponding to women who had had their first child at the youngest ages. Conclusions: A longitudinal analysis of record-linkage data from Sweden supports the view that childbearing during adolescence poses a risk for socioeconomic disadvantage in later life -even for adolescents from relatively comfortable backgrounds and for those who studied beyond elementary school.
N1  - Cited By :22
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Olausson, P.O.; Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
N1  - References: Huffman, S.D., Teenage childbearing is not so bad after all - Or is it? a review of the new literature (1998) Family Planning Perspectives, 30 (5), pp. 236-239; 
Geronimus, A.T., Korenman, S., Maternal youth or family background? on the health disadvantages of infants with teenage mothers (1993) American Journal of Epidemiology, 137 (2), pp. 213-225; 
Kiernan, K.E., Becoming a young parent: A longitudinal study of associated factors (1997) British Journal of Sociology, 48 (3), pp. 406-428; 
Otterblad Olausson, P., Lichtenstein, P., Cnattingius, S., Aetiology of teenage childbearing: Reasons for familial effects (2000) Twin Research, 3 (1), pp. 23-27; 
Spivak, H., Weitzman, M., Social barriers faced by adolescent parents and their children (1987) Journal of the American Medical Association, 258 (11), pp. 1500-1504; 
Kiernan, K.E., (1997) British Journal of Sociology, , see reference 1; 
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Furstenberg Jr., F.F., Levine, J.A., Brooks-Gunn, J., The children of teenage mothers: Patterns of early childbearing in two generations (1990) Family Planning Perspectives, 22 (2), pp. 54-61; 
Spivak, H., Weitzman, M., (1987) Journal of the American Medical Association, , see reference 2; 
Hoffman, S.D., Foster, E.M., Furstenberg Jr., F.F., Reevaluating the costs of teenage childbearing (1993) Demography, 30 (1), pp. 1-13; 
Furstenberg Jr., F.F., The social consequences of teenage parenthood (1976) Family Planning Perspectives, 8 (4), pp. 148-151; 
Geronimus, A.T., Korenman, S., The socioeconomic costs of teenage childbearing: Evidence and interpretation (1993) Demography, 30 (2), pp. 281-290; 
Stevens-Simon, C., Lowy, R., Teenage childbearing: An adaptive strategy for the socioeconomically disadvantaged or a strategy for adapting to socioeconomic disadvantage? (1995) Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 149 (8), pp. 912-915; 
Trussell, J., Teenage pregnancy in the United States (1988) Family Planning Perspectives, 20 (6), pp. 262-272; 
Furstenberg Jr., F.F., Brooks-Gunn, J., Morgan, P., Adolescent mothers and their children later in life (1987) Family Planning Perspectives, 19 (4), pp. 142-151; 
Furstenberg Jr., F.F., Brooks-Gunn, J., Chase-Lansdale, L., Teenaged pregnancy and childbearing (1989) American Psychologist, 44 (2), pp. 313-320; 
Geronimus, A.T., Korenman, S., (1993) American Journal of Epidemiology, , see reference 1; 
Hoffman, S.D., Foster, E.M., Furstenberg Jr., F.F., (1993) Demography, , see reference 4; 
Geronimus, A.T., Korenman, S., (1993) Demography, , see reference 4; 
Stevens-Simon, C., Lowy, R., (1995) Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, , see reference 4; 
Furstenberg Jr., F.F., Brooks-Gunn, J., Chase-Lansdale, L., (1989) Family Planning Perspectives, , see reference 4; 
Geronimus, A.T., Korenman, S., Hillemeier, M.M., Does young maternal age adversely affect child development? evidence from cousin comparisons in the United States (1994) Population and Development Review, 20 (3), pp. 585-609; 
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Geronimus, A.T., Korenman, S., (1993) American Journal of Epidemiology, , see reference 1; 
Hoffman, S.D., Foster, E.M., Furstenberg Jr., F.F., (1993) Demography, , see reference 4; 
Geronimus, A.T., Korenman, S., (1993) Demography, , see reference 4; 
Stevens-Simon, C., Lowy, R., (1995) Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, , see reference 4; 
Furstenberg Jr., F.F., Brooks-Gunn, J., Chase-Lansdale, L., (1989) Demography, , see reference 4; 
Geronimus, A.T., Korenman, S., Hillemeier, M.M., (1994) Population and Development Review, , see reference 5; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Recent trends in lung cancer mortality in the United States
T2  - Journal of the National Cancer Institute
J2  - J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
VL  - 93
IS  - 4
SP  - 277
EP  - 283
PY  - 2001
SN  - 00278874 (ISSN) 
AU  - Jemal, A.
AU  - Chu, K.C.
AU  - Tarone, R.E.
AD  - Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
AD  - Office of Special Populations Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
AD  - National Institutes of Health, EPS 8049, 6120 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
AB  - Background: Previous age-period-cohort analyses of lung cancer incidence and mortality rates in the United States have demonstrated a decrease in risk by birth cohort through 1950, consistent with declining trends in smoking prevalence. This study was conducted to examine recent lung cancer trends, including trends among the cohorts born after 1950. Methods: Lung cancer mortality rates from 1970 through 1997 for whites aged 24-83 years and for blacks aged 30-83 years were investigated. Using age-period-cohort analyses with 2-year age and 2-year calendar-period intervals, we examined changes in the slope of the trends in birth-cohort and calendar-period effects. All statistical tests are two-sided. Results: There was an unexpected, statistically significant moderation in the rate of decrease of the birth-cohort trend in lung cancer mortality for whites born after 1950, with a corresponding smaller and statistically nonsignificant moderation for blacks. These data are consistent with smoking initiation rates: Rates of both cigarette and marijuana smoking initiation increased for children aged 12-17 years from 1965 through 1977. There was a statistically significant decrease in the slope of the calendar-period trend for lung cancer mortality in 1990 for both whites and blacks that was observed primarily in people 55 years of age and older. Conclusions and Implications: The birth-cohort pattern of lung cancer mortality after 1950 appears to reflect the early impact of teenage cigarette smoking on lung cancer risk in people under the age of 45 years, although a contribution from marijuana smoking cannot be ruled out. This result provides additional support for increasing smoking cessation and prevention programs for teenagers. The calendar-period decrease in lung cancer mortality after 1990 may reflect the long-term benefits of reductions in tobacco carcinogens in cigarettes and increases in smoking cessation beginning around 1960.
KW  - cannabis
KW  - carcinogen
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - birth
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - Caucasian
KW  - child
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - male
KW  - Negro
KW  - prevalence
KW  - preventive medicine
KW  - priority journal
KW  - smoking cessation
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - tobacco
KW  - United States
KW  - Adult
KW  - African Americans
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - European Continental Ancestry Group
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Lung Neoplasms
KW  - Male
KW  - Marijuana Smoking
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Risk
KW  - Sex Distribution
KW  - Smoking
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :139
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JNCIA
C2  - 11181774
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Jemal, A.; National Institutes of Health, Div. of Cancer Epidemiol./Genetics, 6120 Executive Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; email: Jemala@exchange.nih.gov
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Dyslipidemia and an unfavorable fatty acid profile predict left ventricular hypertrophy 20 years later
T2  - Circulation
J2  - Circulation
VL  - 103
IS  - 6
SP  - 836
EP  - 841
PY  - 2001
SN  - 00097322 (ISSN) 
AU  - Sundström, J.
AU  - Lind, L.
AU  - Vessby, B.
AU  - Andrén, B.
AU  - Aro, A.
AU  - Lithell, H.O.
AD  - Departments of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
AD  - Departments of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
AD  - Department of Nutrition, KTL (National Public Health Institute), Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, PO Box 609, SE-75125 Uppsala, Sweden
AD  - Kålsängsgränd 10D, SE-75319 Uppsala, Sweden
AB  - Background - Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a common risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Causes other than hypertension have not previously been investigated longitudinally. The aim of the present study was to determine hemodynamic, metabolic, and psychosocial predictors at 50 years of age for the prevalence of echocardiographic LVH and geometric subtypes at age 70 by use of a large sample of men from the general population followed up for 20 years. Methods and Results - In 1970 to 1973, all men born from 1920 to 1924 and residing in Uppsala County, Sweden, were invited to participate in a health survey aimed at identifying risk factors for cardiovascular disease. At a reinvestigation 20 years later, echocardiographic left ventricular mass index was determined in 475 subjects. A 1-SD increase in body mass index, systolic or diastolic blood pressure, fasting LDL/HDL cholesterol, serum triglycerides, or the serum cholesterol ester proportion of several saturated fatty acids or oleic acid at age 50 significantly increased the odds of having LVH at age 70 by 27% to 41%, whereas an increase in linoleic acid proportion was protective. Almost all metabolic predictors were independent of ischemic heart disease, valvular disease, and use of antihypertensive medication at age 70. Conclusions - Dyslipidemia and indices of a low dietary intake of linoleic acid and high intake of saturated and monounsaturated fats, as well as hypertension and obesity, at age 50 predicted the prevalence of LVH 20 years later in this prospective longitudinal cohort study, thereby suggesting that lipids may be important in the origin of LVH.
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Fatty acids
KW  - Hypertrophy
KW  - Insulin
KW  - Lipids
KW  - fatty acid
KW  - high density lipoprotein cholesterol
KW  - linoleic acid
KW  - low density lipoprotein cholesterol
KW  - oleic acid
KW  - saturated fatty acid
KW  - triacylglycerol
KW  - aged
KW  - antihypertensive therapy
KW  - article
KW  - body mass
KW  - cholesterol blood level
KW  - diastolic blood pressure
KW  - disease association
KW  - dyslipidemia
KW  - echocardiography
KW  - fat intake
KW  - follow up
KW  - heart left ventricle hypertrophy
KW  - heart left ventricle mass
KW  - human
KW  - hypertension
KW  - ischemic heart disease
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - obesity
KW  - prediction
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Sweden
KW  - systolic blood pressure
KW  - valvular heart disease
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Blood Pressure
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Cholesterol Esters
KW  - Cholesterol, HDL
KW  - Cholesterol, LDL
KW  - Dietary Fats
KW  - Echocardiography, Doppler
KW  - Fatty Acids
KW  - Health Surveys
KW  - Heart Ventricles
KW  - Hemodynamic Processes
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hyperlipidemias
KW  - Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Psychology
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Sweden
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Triglycerides
N1  - Cited By :85
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CIRCA
C2  - 11171792
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Sundström, J.; Pub. Hlth./Caring Sci./Geriat. Dept., PO Box 609, SE-75125 Uppsala, Sweden; email: johan.sundstrom@geriatrik.uu.se
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Cholesterol Esters; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Dietary Fats; Fatty Acids; Triglycerides
N1  - References: Koren, M.J., Devereux, R.B., Casale, P.N., Relation of left ventricular mass and geometry to morbidity and mortality in uncomplicated essential hypertension (1991) Ann Intern Med, 114, pp. 345-352; 
Levy, D., Garrison, R.J., Savage, D.D., Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham Heart Study (1990) N Engl J Med, 322, pp. 1561-1566; 
Verdecchia, P., Schillaci, G., Borgioni, C., Adverse prognostic significance of concentric remodeling of the left ventricle in hypertensive patients with normal left ventricular mass (1995) J Am Coll Cardiol, 25, pp. 871-878; 
Levy, D., Anderson, K.M., Savage, D.D., Echocardiographically detected left ventricular hypertrophy: Prevalence and risk factors: The Framingham Heart Study (1988) Ann Intern Med, 108, pp. 7-13; 
Hammond, I.W., Devereux, R.B., Alderman, M.H., Relation of blood pressure and body build to left ventricular mass in normotensive and hypertensive employed adults (1988) J Am Coll Cardiol, 12, pp. 996-1004; 
Sundstrom, J., Lind, L., Andren, B., Left ventricular geometry and function are related to electrocardiographic characteristics and diagnoses (1998) Clin Physiol, 18, pp. 463-470; 
Post, W.S., Larson, M.G., Myers, R.H., Heritability of left ventricular mass: The Framingham Heart Study (1997) Hypertension, 30, pp. 1025-1028; 
Manolio, T.A., Levy, D., Garrison, R.J., Relation of alcohol intake to left ventricular mass: The Framingham Study (1991) J Am Coll Cardiol, 17, pp. 717-721; 
Lauer, M.S., Anderson, K.M., Levy, D., Influence of contemporary versus 30-year blood pressure levels on left ventricular mass and geometry: The Framingham Heart Study (1991) J Am Coll Cardiol, 18, pp. 1287-1294; 
Dahlof, B., Pennert, K., Hansson, L., Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients: A meta-analysis of 109 treatment studies (1992) Am J Hypertens, 5, pp. 95-110; 
Majahalme, S., Turjanmaa, V., Weder, A., Blood pressure levels and variability, smoking, and left ventricular structure in normotension and in borderline and mild hypertension (1996) Am J Hypertens, 9, pp. 1110-1118; 
Lauer, M.S., Anderson, K.M., Kannel, W.B., The impact of obesity on left ventricular mass and geometry: The Framingham Heart Study (1991) JAMA, 266, pp. 231-236; 
De Simone, G., Devereux, R.B., Daniels, S.R., Gender differences in left ventricular growth (1995) Hypertension, 26, pp. 979-983; 
MacMahon, S.W., Wilcken, D.E., Macdonald, G.J., The effect of weight reduction on left ventricular mass: A randomized controlled trial in young, overweight hypertensive patients (1986) N Engl J Med, 314, pp. 334-339; 
Marcus, R., Krause, L., Weder, A.B., Sex-specific determinants of increased left ventricular mass in the Tecumseh Blood Pressure Study (1994) Circulation, 90, pp. 928-936; 
Lind, L., Andersson, P.E., Andren, B., Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension is associated with the insulin resistance metabolic syndrome (1995) J Hypertens, 13, pp. 433-438; 
Paolisso, G., Galderisi, M., Tagliamonte, M.R., Myocardial wall thickness and left ventricular geometry in hypertensives: Relationship with insulin (1997) Am J Hypertens, 10, pp. 1250-1256; 
Reaven, G.M., Banting lecture 1988: Role of insulin resistance in human disease (1988) Diabetes, 37, pp. 1595-1607; 
Ohya, Y., Abe, I., Fujii, K., Hyperinsulinemia and left ventricular geometry in a work-site population in Japan (1996) Hypertension, 27, pp. 729-734; 
Sundstrom, J., Lind, L., Nystrom, N., Left ventricular concentric remodeling rather than left ventricular hypertrophy is related to the insulin resistance syndrome in elderly men (2000) Circulation, 101, pp. 2595-2600; 
Nikkari, T., Serum fatty acids and coronary heart disease in Finnish populations (1986) Prog Lipid Res, 25, pp. 437-450; 
Ohrvall, M., Berglund, L., Salminen, I., The serum cholesterol ester fatty acid composition but not the serum concentration of alpha tocopherol predicts the development of myocardial infarction in 50-year-old men: 19 years follow-up (1996) Atherosclerosis, 127, pp. 65-71; 
Hedstrand, H., A study of middle-aged men with particular reference to risk factors for cardiovascular disease (1975) Ups J Med Sci Suppl, 19, pp. 1-61; 
Andren, B., Lind, L., Hedenstierna, G., Left ventricular hypertrophy and geometry in a population sample of elderly males (1996) Eur Heart J, 17, pp. 1800-1807; 
Levy, D., Savage, D.D., Garrison, R.J., Echocardiographic criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy: The Framingham Heart Study (1987) Am J Cardiol, 59, pp. 956-960; 
Ganau, A., Devereux, R.B., Roman, M.J., Patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy and geometric remodeling in essential hypertension (1992) J Am Coll Cardiol, 19, pp. 1550-1558; 
Ganau, A., Saba, P.S., Roman, M.J., Ageing induces left ventricular concentric remodelling in normotensive subjects (1995) J Hypertens, 13, pp. 1818-1822; 
Vessby, B., Tengblad, S., Lithell, H., Insulin sensitivity is related to the fatty acid composition of serum lipids and skeletal muscle phospholipids in 70-year-old men (1994) Diabetologia, 37, pp. 1044-1050
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035852665&partnerID=40&md5=16725ca754ed4248b15371e9215e398f
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Lung cancer mortality rates in birth cohorts in the United States from 1960 to 1994
T2  - Lung Cancer
J2  - Lung Cancer
VL  - 31
IS  - 2-3
SP  - 91
EP  - 99
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1016/S0169-5002(00)00170-7
SN  - 01695002 (ISSN) 
AU  - Mannino, D.M.
AU  - Ford, E.
AU  - Giovino, G.A.
AU  - Thun, M.
AD  - Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Branch, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), 1600 Clifton Road, M/S E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
AD  - Chronic Disease Prevention Branch, Division of Nutrition, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), CDC, 4770 Buford Highway, M/S K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States
AD  - Office On Smoking and Health, NCCDPHP, CDC, 4770 Buford Highway, M/S K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, 1599 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
AB  - We sought to describe the changing death rates from lung cancer in the US white population in sequential birth cohorts, adjusting for cohort smoking prevalence and duration. We searched the US mortality database (1960-1994) for all deaths among whites in which lung cancer was listed as the underlying cause of death. To determine the population at risk for lung cancer, we used the 1970, 1978-1980, and 1992 National Health Interview Surveys to estimate the annual number of current and recent smokers (those who had quit within 5 years) in 11 5-year birth cohorts, starting in 1901. We then determined annual lung cancer mortality rates for each birth cohort, stratified by sex and adjusting for the prevalence and duration of smoking. The population-based rates of lung cancer mortality were much higher among men than among women across all ages and birth cohorts, reflecting higher smoking rates among men. These differences decreased after we controlled for current and recent smoking within the cohorts and were slightly increased in women after we controlled for duration of smoking. Differences in lung cancer death rates across birth cohorts of US men and women primarily reflect differences in the prevalence and duration of smoking in these birth cohorts. Changes in cigarette design that have greatly reduced tar yields have a relatively small effect compared with that of people's smoking status and duration of smoking. Copyright © 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Lung cancer
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Smoking
KW  - tar
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - cause of death
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - data base
KW  - female
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - sex difference
KW  - smoking
KW  - time
KW  - United States
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Databases, Factual
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Lung Neoplasms
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Smoking Cessation
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :18
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: LUCAE
C2  - 11165388
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Mannino, D.M.; Air Pollution/Respiratory Hlth Br., Div. Environ Hazards/Hlth Effects, National Center Environ Health, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States; email: dmm6@cdc.gov
N1  - References: Gilliland, F.D., Samet, J.M., Lung cancer (1994) Cancer Surveys: Trends in Cancer Incidence and Mortality, 19-20. , Doll R., Fraumeni J.F., Muir C.S. (Eds.), Plainview, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 
Devesa, S.S., Blot, W.J., Stone, B.J., Recent cancer trends in the United States (1995) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 87, pp. 175-182; 
Doll, R., Hill, A.B., Smoking and carcinoma of the lung: preliminary report (1950) Br. Med. J., 2, pp. 739-748; 
Doll, R., Peto, R., (1981), The Causes of Cancer, New York: Oxford University Press; US Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking: cancer. A report of the Surgeon General. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Office on Smoking and Health, 1982. Washington, D.C. DHHS Publication No. (PHS)82-50179; Thun, M.J., Day-Lally, C.A., Calle, E., Excess mortality among cigarette smokers: changes in a 20-year interval (1995) Am. J. Pub. Health, 85, pp. 1223-1230; 
Wu-Williams, A.H., Samet, J.M., Lung cancer and cigarette smoking (1994), Samet J.M. (Ed.), Epidemiology of Lung Cancer, New York: Marcel Dekker Inc; DeVesa, S.S., Blot, W.J., Fraumeni, J.F., Declining lung cancer rates among young men and women in the United States: a cohort analysis (1989) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 81, pp. 1568-1571; 
Horm, J.W., Kessler, L.G., Falling rates of lung cancer in men in the United States (1986) Lancet, 1, pp. 425-426; 
National Center for Health Statistics. Technical appendix. Vital Statistics of the United States, 1990. Volume II, Mortality Part A. Washington: Public Health Service, 1994; Health Interview Survey Procedure, 1957-1974. Vital Health Statistics 1975. Series 1 (11); Massey, J.T., Moore, T.F., Parsons, V.L., Tadros, W., Design and estimation for the National Health Interview Survey, 1994 (1985) Vital Health Stat., 2 (21), p. 1989; 
Halpern, M.T., Gillepsie, B.W., Warner, K.E., Patterns of absolute risk of lung cancer mortality in former smokers (1993) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 85, pp. 457-464; 
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Reducing the health consequences of smoking: 25 years of progress. A report of the Surgeon General. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service,Centers for Disease Control, Office on Smoking and Health, 1989. Washington, D.C. DHHS Publication No. (CDC)89- 8411; Giovino, G.A., Schooley, M.W., Zhu, B.P., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Surveillance for selected tobacco-use behaviors - United States, 1994 (1994) MMWR, 43, pp. 1-43; 
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Thun, M.J., Heath, C.W., Changes in mortality from smoking in two American Cancer Society prospective studies since 1959 (1997) Prev. Med., 26, pp. 422-426; 
Benowitz, N.L., Hall, S.M., Herning, R.I., Smokers of low-yield cigarettes do not consume less nicotine (1983) New Engl. J. Med., 309, pp. 139-142
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035139411&doi=10.1016%2fS0169-5002%2800%2900170-7&partnerID=40&md5=96275c2f5c61685e0a205e54d0be2e12
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Entry into parenthood and the outcome of cohabiting partnerships in Britain
T2  - Journal of Marriage and Family
J2  - J. Marriage Fam.
VL  - 63
IS  - 1
SP  - 80
EP  - 96
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00080.x
SN  - 00222445 (ISSN) 
AU  - Berrington, A.
AD  - Department of Social Statistics, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
AB  - Data from a national cohort study of men and women born in Britain in 1958 are used to examine factors influencing the outcome of cohabiting first partnerships. Conception is found to be a key factor promoting marriage for both men and women. Observed gender differences in the estimated impact of children on partnership stability are likely due to the incomplete reporting of past fertility among men. Social class and educational differentials in the likelihood of female cohabitors experiencing a conception, and their likelihood of subsequent marriage, suggest that the role of cohabitation varies according to socioeconomic background.
KW  - Birth cohort
KW  - Cohabitation
KW  - Partnership dissolution
KW  - Premarital conception
N1  - Cited By :25
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JMFAA
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Berrington, A.; Department of Social Statistics, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom; email: amb6@soton.ac.uk
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Allison, P., Discrete-time methods for the analysis of event histories (1982) Sociological Methodology, pp. 61-98. , S. Leihardt (Ed.). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 
Axinn, W.G., Barber, J.S., Living arrangements and family formation attitudes in early adulthood (1997) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, pp. 595-611; 
Barlow, A., Mothers and family restructuring: Legal rationality and moral discourses (1999) Economic and Social Research Council Seminar on Parenting, Motherhood and Paid Work, , April London, England; 
Bennett, N.G., Bloom, D.E., Miller, C.K., The influence of nonmarital childbearing on the formation of first marriages (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 47-62; 
Bernhardt, E., Hoem, B., Cohabitation and social background: Trends observed for Swedish women born between 1936 and 1960 (1985) European Journal of Population, 1, pp. 375-395; 
Berrington, A., Diamond, D., Marital dissolution among the 1958 British birth cohort: The role of cohabitation (1999) Population Studies, 58, pp. 19-38; 
Blossfeld, H.-P., Manting, D., Rohwer, G., Patterns of change in family formation in the Federal Republic of Germany and the Netherlands: Some consequences for solidarity between generations (1993) Solidarity of Generations: Demographic, Economic and Social Change and Its Consequences: Vol. 1, 1, pp. 175-196. , H. Becker & P. Hormones (Eds.). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Thesis; 
Bumpass, L., Sweet, J., National estimates of cohabitation (1989) Demography, 26, pp. 615-625; 
Burgoyne, J., Afterword (1991) Marriage, Domestic Life and Social Change, Writings for Jacqueline Burgoyne (1944-1988), pp. 235-256. , D. Clark (Ed.). London: Routledge; 
Coward, J., Conceptions outside marriage: Regional differences (1987) Population Trends, 50, pp. 24-30; 
Diamond, I., Clements, S., Stone, N., Ingham, R., Spatial variation in teenage conceptions in South and West England (1999) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 162, pp. 273-290; 
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Ermisch, J., Francesconi, M., (1996) Partnership Formation and Dissolution in Great Britain, , (Working Paper No. 96-10). Colchester, England: University of Essex, Economic and Social Research Council Research Centre on Micro-social Change; 
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Haskey, J., Kiernan, K., Cohabitation in Great Britain: Characteristics and estimated numbers of cohabiting partners (1989) Population Trends, 58, pp. 23-32; 
Kiernan, K.E., Cherlin, A.J., Parental divorce and partnership dissolution in adulthood: Evidence from a British cohort study (1999) Population Studies, 53, pp. 39-48; 
Kiernan, K.E., Diamond, I., The age at which childbearing starts - A longitudinal study (1983) Population Studies, 37, pp. 363-380; 
Kiernan, K.E., Estaugh, V., (1993) Cohabitation, Extramarital Childbearing and Social Policy, , London: Family Policy Studies Centre; 
Kravdal, O., Wanting a child without a firm commitment to the partner: Interpretations and implications of a common behaviour pattern among Norwegian cohabitants (1997) European Journal of Population, 13, pp. 269-298; 
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Latten, J., De Graaf, A., (1997) The Netherlands Standard Country Report. Fertility and Family Surveys in the Countries of the ECE Region, , New York: United Nations; 
Leridon, H., Cohabitation, marriage, separation: An analysis of life histories of French cohorts from 1968 to 1985 (1990) Population Studies, 44, pp. 127-144; 
Loomis, L.S., Landale, N.S., Nonmarital cohabitation and childbearing among Black and White American women (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 949-962; 
Manning, W.D., Marriage and cohabitation following premarital conception (1993) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 55, pp. 839-850; 
Manning, W.D., Smock, P.J., Why marry? Race and the transition to marriage among cohabitors (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 509-520; 
Manting, D., (1994) Dynamics in Marriage and Cohabitation: An Inter-temporal, Life Course Analysis of First Union Formation and Dissolution, , Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Netherlands Graduate School of Research in Demography; 
Maughan, B., Hagell, A., Poor readers in adulthood: Psychosocial functioning (1996) Development and Psychopathology, 8, pp. 457-476; 
McRae, S., (1993) Cohabiting Mothers: Changing Marriage and Motherhood?, , London: Policy Studies Institute; 
Murphy, M., Demographic and socio-economic influences on recent British marital breakdown patterns (1985) Population Studies, 39, pp. 441-460; 
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Oppenheimer, V.K., A theory of marriage timing (1988) American Journal of Sociology, 94, pp. 563-591; 
Russell, S., Life course antecedents of premarital conception in Great Britain (1994) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, pp. 480-492; 
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Smock, P.J., Manning, W.D., Cohabiting partners' economic circumstances and marriage (1997) Demography, 34, pp. 331-341; 
Thornton, A., Influence of the marital history of parents on the marital and cohabitational experiences of children (1991) American Journal of Sociology, 96, pp. 868-894; 
Teachman, J.D., Early marriage, premarital fertility and marital dissolution (1983) Journal of Family Issues, 4, pp. 105-126; 
Toulemon, L., Cohabitation is here to stay (1997) Population: An English Selection, 9, pp. 11-46; 
Wu, Z., The stability of cohabiting relationships: The role of children (1995) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, pp. 231-236; 
Wu, Z., Balakrishnan, T.R., Dissolution of premarital cohabitation in Canada (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 521-532
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0035255987&doi=10.1111%2fj.1741-3737.2001.00080.x&partnerID=40&md5=d18551a3ba68b1cd58e73ce33a7da672
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Trends in the mortality (1950-1997) and incidence (1975-1993) of malignant ovarian neoplasm among Japanese women: Analyses by age, time, and birth cohort
T2  - Gynecologic Oncology
J2  - Gynecol. Oncol.
VL  - 83
IS  - 1
SP  - 64
EP  - 71
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1006/gyno.2001.6335
SN  - 00908258 (ISSN) 
AU  - Tamakoshi, K.
AU  - Kondo, T.
AU  - Yatsuya, H.
AU  - Hori, Y.
AU  - Kikkawa, F.
AU  - Toyoshima, H.
AD  - Department of Public Health, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
AD  - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
AB  - Objective. The purpose of this study was to explore epidemiological features of malignant ovarian neoplasm in Japan. Methods. The number of deaths from malignant ovarian neoplasm was obtained from the national vital statistics. Estimated incidence rates, based on several cancer registries, were also used for analyses. We divided the subjects into two age groups (0-29 and 30+ years) and examined secular trends in mortality (1950-1997) and incidence (1975-1993) by age, time, and birth cohort. Results. The age-adjusted mortality rate has increased approximately 4-fold (from 0.9 to 3.6 per 100,000 women) from 1950 to 1997. Age-specific mortality rates showed a rising pattern in the elderly, whereas mortality in the younger people tended to increase in the 1950s and 1960s, but then decreased in the 1970s and afterward. In analyses using a mathematical model, the time effect in the population aged 0-29 years increased with advancing period up to 1970, and then decreased. The cohort effects had positive values, which indicate higher than additive influence from age/time effect, for birth cohorts from 1900 to 1935. The age-adjusted incidence rate increased approximately 1.5-fold (from 3.6 to 5.7) from 1975 to 1993. The rate increased in the early 1980s, but has remained stable since the late 1980s. Age-specific incidence rates in older age groups increased steadily up to 1985, and have remained stable since, while the rates in younger women have remained almost unchanged. Conclusion. The major effects on malignant ovarian neoplasm in Japan are supposed to be due to declining parity and therapeutic improvements. © 2001 Academic Press.
KW  - Cohort effect
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Japan
KW  - Malignant ovarian neoplasm
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Time effect
KW  - adult
KW  - age distribution
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - childbirth
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - dose time effect relation
KW  - female
KW  - high risk population
KW  - human
KW  - Japan
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - malignant neoplastic disease
KW  - mathematical model
KW  - ovary tumor
KW  - population research
KW  - priority journal
PB  - Academic Press Inc.
N1  - Cited By :17
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: GYNOA
C2  - 11585415
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Tamakoshi, K.; Department of Public Health, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan; email: tamako@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
N1  - References: Parkin, D.M., Muir, C.S., Whelan, S.L., Gao, Y.T., Ferlay, J., Powell, J., (1992) Cancer incidence in five continents, 6. , Lyon: IARC; 
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Siskind, V., Green, A., Bain, C., Purdie, D., Beyond ovulation: Oral contraceptives and epithelial ovarian cancer (2000) Epidemiology, 11, pp. 106-110; 
Whittemore, A.S., Harris, R., Itnyre, J., Collaborative analysis of 12 U.S. case-control studies. II. Invasive epithelial ovarian cancer in white women (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 136, pp. 1184-1203; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034796594&doi=10.1006%2fgyno.2001.6335&partnerID=40&md5=aa7211ea259e61f6d6b415466c1de661
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Occupational exposures and cancers of the endometrium and cervix uteri in Finland
T2  - American Journal of Industrial Medicine
J2  - Am. J. Ind. Med.
VL  - 39
IS  - 6
SP  - 572
EP  - 580
PY  - 2001
DO  - 10.1002/ajim.1056
SN  - 02713586 (ISSN) 
AU  - Weiderpass, E.
AU  - Pukkala, E.
AU  - Vasama-Neuvonen, K.
AU  - Kauppinen, T.
AU  - Vainio, H.
AU  - Paakkulainen, H.
AU  - Boffetta, P.
AU  - Partanen, T.
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
AD  - University of Tampere, School of Public Health, Tampere, Finland
AD  - International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
AB  - Background: Endometrial cancer incidence rates are low in Asia and Africa and high in North America and Northern Europe. Cervical cancer is often the most common female cancer in developing countries, and infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is its main risk factor. However, other factors, such as occupational exposures may modify the HPV-related risk. We conducted an exploratory register-linkage study in Finland to assess the role of occupational exposures on incidence rates of cancers of the endometrium and cervix uteri. Methods: Occupational risk factors for endometrial and cervical cancers were explored in a 25-year follow-up of female workers born 1906-1945 (N = 413,877) identified through the Population Census of Finland of 1970. Job titles in census records were converted to exposures of 31 occupational agents through a job-exposure matrix. Poisson regression models estimated relative risks (RR) for each agent, standardized for birth cohort, follow-up period, and socio-economic status. For each agent, the product of level and probability of exposure was calculated and subdivided in three categories: zero, low, and medium/high. Adjustment at the job title level was done for the turnover rate (endometrial and cervical cancers), mean parity, and age at first birth (endometrial cancer). Results: Endometrial cancer (2,833 cases) was associated with exposure to animal dust (RR 1.2, low level, 174 cases) and sedentary work (RR 1.3, high level, 145 cases). Cervical cancer (1,101 cases) was associated with exposure to aliphatic and alicyclic (RR 1.3, low level, 91 cases), aromatic (RR 1.2, low level, 318 cases; RR 1.4, high level, 41 cases), and chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents (RR 1.3, low level, 50 cases), silica dust (RR 1.2, low level, 251 cases), and wood dust (RR 1.2, low level, 249 cases). Conclusions: This study suggests that occupational exposures may be associated with increased risk of endometrial and cervical cancers. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
KW  - Cervix uteri cancer
KW  - Endometrial cancer
KW  - Finland
KW  - Job exposure matrix
KW  - Occupational exposures
KW  - alicyclic hydrocarbon
KW  - aliphatic hydrocarbon
KW  - aromatic hydrocarbon
KW  - chlorinated hydrocarbon
KW  - industrial chemical
KW  - silicon dioxide
KW  - article
KW  - calculation
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cancer registry
KW  - controlled study
KW  - disease association
KW  - dust
KW  - endometrium cancer
KW  - female
KW  - Finland
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - occupational exposure
KW  - occupational hazard
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - risk factor
KW  - sitting
KW  - social status
KW  - uterine cervix cancer
KW  - wood dust
KW  - Adult
KW  - Endometrial Neoplasms
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - Humans
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Occupational Exposure
KW  - Occupations
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
N1  - Cited By :29
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 11385641
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Weiderpass, E.; Intl. Agency for Research on Cancer, 150, Cours Albert Thomas, F-69372, Lyon, Cedex 8, France; email: weiderpass@iarc.fr
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034976575&doi=10.1002%2fajim.1056&partnerID=40&md5=85e679c9af863117e29a63d7709a0369
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Measles vaccination and inflammatory bowel disease: A national British Cohort Study
T2  - American Journal of Gastroenterology
J2  - Am. J. Gastroenterol.
VL  - 95
IS  - 12
SP  - 3507
EP  - 3512
PY  - 2000
DO  - 10.1016/S0002-9270(00)02081-5
SN  - 00029270 (ISSN) 
AU  - Morris, D.L.
AU  - Montgomery, S.M.
AU  - Thompson, N.P.
AU  - Ebrahim, S.
AU  - Pounder, R.E.
AU  - Wakefield, A.J.
AD  - Inflammatory Bowel Disease Study Group, Department of Medicine, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
AD  - University Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Inflammatory Bowel Disease Study Group, Department of Medicine, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective: Measles vaccination has been suggested as a risk for inflammatory bowel disease. Atypical age of measles infection has also been associated with Crohn's disease. This study was designed to examine the relationship of measles vaccination and age of measles vaccination with later inflammatory bowel disease. Methods: A prospective population-based national birth cohort was used, of those born in 1 wk in April 1970 in Great Britain. The data are from 7616 responding members of the 1970 British Cohort Study with complete vaccination data, who were traced at age 26 yr. A diagnosis of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and diabetes mellitus (a control disease) was obtained by survey at age 26 yr, and confirmed by physicians. Vaccination data were from survey at age 5 yr. Measles and mumps infection data were obtained from the survey at age 10 yr. Adjustment was made for sex, household crowding in childhood, and father's social class at birth. Results: No statistically significant association was found between measles vaccination status at 5 yr and Crohn's disease (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27-1.63), ulcerative colitis (adjusted OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.20-1.61), or diabetes (adjusted OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.33-1.74). There was a statistically significant trend (p = 0.040) with increasing age of measles vaccination for risk of Crohn's disease, although this was based on very few cases vaccinated after age 2 yr. Conclusions: In this cohort, monovalent measles vaccination status is not associated with inflammatory bowel disease by age 26 yr. Older age at measles vaccination needs to be examined in other studies to confirm whether it is a genuine risk for Crohn's disease. (C) 2000 by Am. Coll. of Gastroenterology.
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - Crohn disease
KW  - diabetes mellitus
KW  - enteritis
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - measles vaccination
KW  - mumps
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk factor
KW  - ulcerative colitis
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Colitis, Ulcerative
KW  - Crohn Disease
KW  - Diabetes Mellitus
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Measles Vaccine
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Vaccination
N1  - Cited By :40
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJGAA
C2  - 11151885
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Wakefield, A.J.; Inflammatory Bowel Dis. Study Group, Department of Medicine, Royal Free/Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Measles Vaccine
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Macdonald, T., Measles vaccination as a risk for inflammatory bowel disease (1995) Lancet, 345, p. 1363; 
Miller, D., Renton, A., Measles vaccination as a risk for inflammatory bowel disease (1995) Lancet, 345, p. 1363; 
Baxter, T., Radford, J., Measles vaccination as a risk for inflammatory bowel disease (1995) Lancet, 345, p. 1363; 
Montgomery, S.M., Morris, D.L., Pounder, R.E., Measles vaccination as a risk for inflammatory bowel disease (1997) Lancet, 350, p. 1774; 
Montgomery, S.M., Morris, D.L., Thompson, N.P., Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in British 26 year-olds: National longitudinal birth cohort (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1058-1059; 
Norussis, M.J., SPSS User's guide, p. 1990. , Chicago: SPSS Inc; 
Riis, P., Differential diagnosis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and other disorders, including diverticular disease (1998), pp. 191-198. , Allan RN, Keighley MRB, Alexander-Williams J, Hawkins C, eds. Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; Bynner, J.M., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., Twenty-something in the 1990s, p. 1998. , Aldershot: Ashgate; 
Montgomery, S.M., Bjornsson, S., Johannsson, J.H., Concurrent viral epidemics in Iceland are a risk for inflammatory bowel disease (1998) Gut, 42, pp. A41; 
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Detels, R., Brody, J.A., McNew, J., Further epidemiological studies of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (1973) Lancet, 2, pp. 11-14; 
Montgomery, S.M., Pounder, R.E., Wakefield, A.J., Infant mortality and the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (1997) Lancet, 349, pp. 472-473; 
Gent, A.E., Hellier, M.D., Grace, R.H., Inflammatory bowel disease and domestic hygiene in infancy (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 766-767
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033637367&doi=10.1016%2fS0002-9270%2800%2902081-5&partnerID=40&md5=9d4c10ee349b17612c09e26a2e5b1f3d
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Study of two cohorts of workers exposed to methyl methacrylate in acrylic sheet production
T2  - Occupational and Environmental Medicine
J2  - Occup. Environ. Med.
VL  - 57
IS  - 12
SP  - 810
EP  - 817
PY  - 2000
DO  - 10.1136/oem.57.12.810
SN  - 13510711 (ISSN) 
AU  - Tomenson, J.A.
AU  - Bonner, S.M.
AU  - Edwards, J.C.
AU  - Pemberton, M.A.
AU  - Cummings, T.F.
AU  - Paddle, G.M.
AD  - ICI Epidemiology Unit, Brunner House, PO Box 7, Winnington Northwich, Cheshire CW8 4DJ, United Kingdom
AD  - British Steel, Health and Safety, Swinden House Moorgate, Rotherham, S60 3AR, United Kingdom
AD  - ICI Acrylics, Safety, Health and Environment Department, Duckworth Street PO Box 34, Darwen, Lancs, BB3 1QB, United Kingdom
AD  - ICI Chemicals and Polymers, Occupational Health Wilton Site, PO Box 54, Middlesbrough, Cleveland, TS90 8JA, United Kingdom
AB  - Objectives - To study mortality among 4324 workers at two United Kingdom factories, Darwen, Lancashire and Wilton, Cleveland, producing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) sheet. The Darwen factory is still active, but the Wilton one was closed in 1970. Also, to investigate patterns of mortality after exposure to methyl methacrylate; in particular, mortality from colon and rectal cancer. Methods - All male employees at the Darwen factory with a record of employment in 1949-88 and all men ever employed at the Wilton factory (1949-70) were investigated. The vital status of both cohorts was ascertained on 31 December 1995. The exposure of 1526 subjects at the Darwen plant who were engaged from 1949 onwards could be characterised. The mean duration of exposure was 7.6 years at 13.2 ppm (8 hour time weighted average), although exposures in some work groups were as high as 100 ppm. It was not possible to calculate the cumulative exposure of workers first employed at the Darwen plant before 1949 or workers at the Wilton factory. Results - In the Darwen cohort, 622 deaths were identified and a further 700 deaths in the Wilton cohort. Mortalities for the cohort were compared with national and local rates and expressed as standardised mortality ratios (SMRs). In the subcohort of Darwen workers with more than minimal exposure to MMA, reduced mortalities compared with national and local rates, were found for all causes (SMR 94), and colorectal cancer (SMR 92), but mortality from all cancers was slightly increased (SMR 104). No relations were found with cumulative exposure to MMA. In the subcohort of Wilton workers, mortality from all causes of death was significantly reduced (SMR 89), but mortality from all cancers (SMR 103) and colorectal cancer (SMR 124) were increased. The excess of colorectal cancer was confined to employees with less than 1 year of employment. Conclusion - The study provided no clear evidence that employment at the factories or exposure to MMA had adversely affected the mortalities of workers.
KW  - Methyl methacrylate
KW  - Mortality
KW  - acrylic acid
KW  - methacrylic acid methyl ester
KW  - article
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - colorectal cancer
KW  - human
KW  - long term exposure
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - occupational exposure
KW  - plastic industry
KW  - priority journal
KW  - textile industry
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - worker
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Chemical Industry
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Colorectal Neoplasms
KW  - England
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Methylmethacrylate
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Occupational Exposure
KW  - Polymethyl Methacrylate
KW  - Retrospective Studies
N1  - Cited By :9
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: OEMEE
C2  - 11077009
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Tomenson, J.A.; ICI Epidemiology Unit, Brunner House, PO Box 7, Northwich, Cheshire CW8 4DJ, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: acrylic acid, 10344-93-1, 79-10-7; methacrylic acid methyl ester, 80-62-6; Methylmethacrylate, 80-62-6; Polymethyl Methacrylate, 9011-14-7
N1  - References: Maher, K.V., DeFonso, L.R., (1984) Interim communication on the results of a mortality study hired prior to 1946, , Bristol, Pennsylvania: Rohm and Haas Report; 
Walker, A.M., Cohen, A.J., Loughlin, J.E., Mortality from cancer of the colon or rectum among workers exposed to ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate (1991) Scand J Work Environ Health, 17, pp. 7-19; 
Collins, J.J., Page, L.C., Carporossi, J.C., Mortality patterns among men exposed to methyl methacrylate (1989) J Occup Med, 31, pp. 41-46; 
Lucas, L.J., (1995) An investigation of the mortality patterns of acrylic sheet manufacturing workers exposed to methyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate, , West Paterson, New Jersey: Cytec; 
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Rossiter, C.E., Respiratory cancer among mineral wool workers (1991) J Occup Med, 33, p. 586; 
Pickering, C.A.C., Brainbridge, D., Birtwistle, I.H., Occupational asthma due to methylmethacrylate in an orthopaedic theatre sister (1986) BMJ, 292, pp. 1362-1363; 
Savonius, B., Heskinen, H., Tuppurainen, M., Erratum: Occupational respiratory disease caused by acrylates (1993) Clin Exp Allergy, 23, p. 712; 
(1986) Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of methyl methacrylate (CAS no. 80-62-6) in F344/N rats and B6°C3F, mice (inhalation studies), pp. 87-2570. , Research Triangle Park, NC: NTP, (NTP TR 314, NIH); 
Nomura, A., Stomach cancer (1996), pp. 707-724. , Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF, eds. Cancer epidemiology and prevention, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press; Smith, G.D., Hart, C., Blane, D., Adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood and cause specific adult mortality: Prospective observational study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1631-1635
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033678405&doi=10.1136%2foem.57.12.810&partnerID=40&md5=6c75fbb41dbf50496ee531df35685f79
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Beauty, stature and the labour market: A British Cohort study
T2  - Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics
J2  - Oxf. Bull. Econ. Stat.
VL  - 62
IS  - SUPPL.
SP  - 771
EP  - 800
PY  - 2000
SN  - 03059049 (ISSN) 
AU  - Harper, B.
AB  - The influence of physical appearance in the labour market is examined using longitudinal cohort data covering 11,407 individual born in Britain in 1958. Results show that physical appearance has a substantial effect on earnings and employment patterns for both men and women. Irrespective of gender, those who are assessed as unattractive or short, experience a significant earnings penalty. Tall men receive a pay premium while obese women experience a pay penalty. The bulk of the pay differential for appearance arises from employer discrimination, although we find evidence for productivity differences among occupations. The impact of physical appearance is also evident in the marriage market. Among women, those who are tall or obese are less likely to be married; while among men, lower marriage rates are found for those who are short or unattractive.
N1  - Cited By :125
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - References: Averett, S., Korenman, S., The economic reality of the beauty myth (1996) Journal of Human Resources, 31, pp. 304-330; 
Becker, G., (1957) The Economics of Discrimination, , Chicago University Press, Chicago; 
Boldsen, J.L., Mascie-Taylor, C.G.N., Analysis of height variation in a contemporary British sample (1985) Human Biology, 57, pp. 473-480; 
Connolly, S., Micklewright, J., Nickell, S., The occupational success of young men who left school at sixteen (1992) Oxford Economic Papers, 44, pp. 460-479; 
Eisenberg, N., Roth, K., Bryniarski, K.A., Murray, E., Sex differences in the relationship of height to children's actual and attributed social and cognitive competencies (1984) Sex Roles, 11, pp. 719-734; 
Felson, R.B., Bohrnstedt, G.W., "Are the good beautiful or the beautiful good?" The relationship between children's perceptions of ability and perceptions of physical attractiveness (1979) Social Psychology Quarterly, 42, pp. 386-392; 
Gillis, J.S., Avis, W.E., The male-taller norm in mate selection (1980) Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin, 6, pp. 396-401; 
Hamermesh, D.S., Biddle, J.E., Beauty and the labor market (1994) American Economic Review, 84, pp. 1174-1194; 
Hamermesh, D.S., Biddle, J.E., Beauty, productivity, and discrimination: Lawyers' looks and lucre (1998) Journal of Labour Economics, 16, pp. 172-201; 
Harper, B.A., Male occupational mobility in Britain (1995) Bulletin, 57, pp. 349-369; 
Harper, B.A., Haq, M., Occupational attainment of men in Britain (1997) Oxford Economic Papers, 49, pp. 638-650; 
Hatfield, E., Sprecher, S., (1986) Mirror, Mirror ...: The Importance of Looks in Everyday Life, , State University of New York Press, Albany; 
Jackson, L.A., Hunter, J.E., Hodge, C.N., Physical attractiveness and intellectual competence: A meta-analytic review (1995) Social Psychology Quarterly, 58, pp. 108-122; 
Kannel, W., Health and obesity: An overview (1983) Health and Obesity, , H. L. Conn, E. A. DeFelice, and P. T. Kuo (eds), Raven, New York; 
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Loh, E.S., The economic effects of physical appearance (1993) Social Science Quarterly, 74, pp. 420-438; 
Lynn, R., A nutrition theory of the secular increases in intelligence; positive correlations between height, head size and IQ (1989) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 59, pp. 372-377; 
Martel, L.F., Biller, H.B., (1987) Stature and Stigma, , D. C. Heath and Company, Lexington; 
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Sargent, J.D., Blanchflower, D.G., Obesity and stature in adolescence and earnings in young adulthood: Analysis of a British birth cohort (1994) Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 148, pp. 681-687; 
Sobal, J., Stunkard, A.J., Socioeconomic status and obesity: A review of the literature (1989) Psychological Bulletin, 105, pp. 260-275; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0012979718&partnerID=40&md5=a1c61b80d6c7b335f0f1a013681a4a73
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Secular trends in the adult height of children born in S. Paulo city, Brazil, from 1950 to 1976 
ST  - Tendência secular da altura na idade adulta de crianças nascidas na cidade de São Paulo entre 1950 e 1976
T2  - Revista de Saude Publica
J2  - Rev. Saude Publica
VL  - 34
IS  - 6 SUPPL.
SP  - 102
EP  - 107
PY  - 2000
SN  - 00348910 (ISSN) 
AU  - Franca Jr., I.
AD  - Departamento de Saude Materno-infantil, Faculdade de Saude Publica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
AB  - Objective The purpose of this study was to estimate the secular trend/change in the height of young males born in the city of S. Paulo behveen 1950 and 1976 and measured in the year they turn 18 years. Methods A random and representative sample (6,942 individuals) was evaluated in military draft. Statistical analyses included Shapiro-Wilk test for normality of height distribution in each birth cohort, and linear regression analysis for trend on heights. Results/Conclusions Stature has increased 3.42 centimeters during the 27 years covered by the study (1.26 cm/decade). The trend was not linear: in the 50s, there was a statistically significant increase (0.84 cm/decade); in the 60s, a smaller but non-significant increase (0,5 cm/decade) was seen; in the period of 1970-76, a greater increase in heights (2,9 cm/decade) was observed. The secular change rate observed was comparable to the rate seen in other countries. The most recent birth cohorts (1975 and 1976) achieved the higher statures in the study (∼175 cm). Despite these height increments, deficits of 1.8 e 6.2 cm were seen when the taller cohorts of the study were compared to American young males born in 1961 (NCHS) and Dutch men born in 1972. If there won't be any changes in the accelerated rates of the 70s, young people of São Paulo may overcome these deficits in about one or three decades.
KW  - Adolescence #
KW  - Anthropometry
KW  - Body heigh #
KW  - Military personnel #
KW  - Time series
KW  - adolescent
KW  - anthropometry
KW  - article
KW  - body height
KW  - Brazil
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - physiology
KW  - soldier
KW  - statistical model
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Anthropometry
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Brazil
KW  - Humans
KW  - Linear Models
KW  - Male
KW  - Military Personnel
N1  - Cited By :10
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: RSPUB
C2  - 11428195
LA  - Portuguese
N1  - Correspondence Address: Franca Jr., I.; Departamento de Saude Materno-infantil, Faculdade de Saude Publica, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; email: ifjunior@usp.br
N1  - References: Anselmo, M.A.C., Campana, A.O., (1987) Avaliação do Estado Nutritional em Estudantes, Funcionários e Professores Universitários, Seus Parentes Idosos e em Candidates ao Servico Militar, , São Paulo: UNESP, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Clínica Médica; Mimeo; 
Armitage, P., Berry, G., (1994) Statistical Methods in Medical Research, , Oxford: Blackwell Science; 
Bogin, B., (1988) Patterns of Human Growth, , New York: Cambridge University Press; 
Brandão, S.A., (1998) Tendência Secular da Altura de Conscritos na Cidade de Campinas Das Classes de 1949 a 1976 [Dissertação], , Campinas: Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas;; 
(1988) Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil, 1988, , Brasilia: Centra Gráfico do Senado Federal;; 
Cavalli-Sforza, L.L., Bodmer, W., (1971) The Genetics of Human Populations, , San Francisco: Freeman; 
Cochran, W.G., (1977) Sampling Techniques, , New York: John Wuley; 
Costa, D., Steckel, R.V., Long-term trends in health, welfare, and economic growth in the United States (1997) Health and Welfare during Industrialization, pp. 47-89. , Steckel, RH, Floud, R. Chicago: Chicago University Press
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-17644443720&partnerID=40&md5=14150407a9ebc5c73f684e65db5da11b
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study (EDSP): A methodological update
T2  - European Addiction Research
J2  - Eur. Addict. Res.
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
SP  - 170
EP  - 182
PY  - 2000
DO  - 10.1159/000052043
SN  - 10226877 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lieb, R.
AU  - Isensee, B.
AU  - Von Sydow, K.
AU  - Wittchen, H.-U.
AD  - Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology Unit, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
AD  - Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology Unit, Kraepelinstrasse 2, D-80804 München, Germany
AB  - The objectives of the community-based Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) Study are described along with a detailed account of the overall design, special design features, sample characteristics and instruments used. The EDSP employed a prospective-longitudinal design to study substance use and other mental disorders in a representative population sample of 3,021 subjects aged 14-24 years (birth cohorts 1970-1981) at 'baseline' - the outset of the study. Two follow-up investigations were conducted after the baseline investigation covering an overall period of 3-4 years. Special design features are the linkage with a family supplement (EDSP-FS) as well as neurobiological laboratory studies of high-risk subjects. Copyright © 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel.
KW  - Adolescents
KW  - Community study
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Family history
KW  - Prospective longitudinal design
KW  - Substance use disorders
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - child behavior
KW  - development
KW  - family history
KW  - family life
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - high risk population
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - medical research
KW  - mental disease
KW  - neurobiology
KW  - priority journal
KW  - substance abuse
KW  - validation process
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Child of Impaired Parents
KW  - Comorbidity
KW  - Female
KW  - Germany
KW  - Humans
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Mental Disorders
KW  - Personality Development
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Substance-Related Disorders
N1  - Cited By :170
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EADRE
C2  - 11124570
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lieb, R.; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Clin. Psychol. and Epidemiology Unit, Kraepelinstrasse 2, D-80804 München, Germany; email: lieb@mpipsykl.mpg.de
N1  - References: Nelson, C.B., Wittchen, H.-U., The EDSP: Setting the stage! (1998) Eur Addict Res, 4, pp. 5-7; 
Epidemiological research in Germany (1998) Eur Addict Res, 4, pp. 203-204; 
John, U., Analytische epidemiologie des substanzmissbrauchs in Deutschland (2000) Sucht, 46, pp. 6-8; 
Küfner, H., Schumann, J., Duwe, A., Bühringer, G., Project 1: Longitudinal risk cohort study on the onset, course, prevalence and prevention of illegal drug abuse (1998) Eur Addict Res, 4, pp. 205-206; 
Lieb, R., Schuster, P., Pfister, H., Wunderlich, Z., Holly, A., Mastaler, M., Sonntag, H., Wittchen, H.-U., Projects 2 and 3: Vulnerability and protective factors in early developmental stages of substance use disorders (1998) Eur Addict Res, 4, pp. 206-207; 
Hapke, U., Rumpf, H.-J., Meyer, C., Dilling, H., John, U., Project 4: Substance use, abuse and dependence among the adult population in a rural and urban region of Northern Germany (1998) Eur Addict Res, 4, pp. 208-209; 
Rumpf, H.-J., Hapke, U., Dawedeit, A., Meyer, C., John, U., Project 5: Triggering and maintenance factors of remitting from alcohol dependence without formal help (1998) Eur Addict Res, 4, pp. 209-210; 
Wittchen, H.-U., Nelson, G.B., Lachner, G., Prevalence of mental disorders and psychosocial impairments in adolescents and young adults (1998) Psychol Med, 28, pp. 109-126; 
Wittchen, H.-U., Lieb, R., Perkonigg, A., Early developmental stages of substance abuse and dependence: Examples from a prospective longitudinal study (1999), pp. 7-22. , Ladewig D (ed): Basic and Clinical Science of Substance-Related Disorders. Bibl Psychiatr. Basel, Karger; Wittchen, H.-U., Lieb, R., Schuster, P., Oldehinkel, T., When is onset? Investigations into early developmental stages of anxiety and depressive disorders (1999), pp. 259-302. , Rapoport JL (ed): Childhood Onset of 'Adult' Psychopathology, Clinical and Research Advances. Washington, American Psychiatric Press; Lieb, R., Schuster, P., Pfister, H., Fuetsch, M., Höfler, M., Isensee, B., Müller, N., Wittchen, H.-U., Epidemiologie des konsums, missbrauchs und der abhängigkeit von legalen und illegalen drogen bei jugendlichen und jungen erwachsenen: Die prospektiv-longitudinale verlaufsstudie EDSP (2000) Sucht, 46, pp. 18-31; 
Rumpf, H.-J., Meyer, Ch., Hapke, U., Bischof, G., John, U., Inanspruchnahme suchtspezifischer hilfen von alkoholabhängigen und -missbrauchern: Ergebnisse der TACOS-bevölkerungsstudie (2000) Sucht, 46, pp. 9-17; 
Küfner, H., Duwe, A., Schumann, J., Bühringer, G., Prädiktoren des drogenkonsums und der suchtentwicklung durch faktoren in der kindheit: Grundlagen und ergebnisse einer empirischen studie (2000) Sucht, 46, pp. 32-53; 
Bischof, G., Rumpf, H.-J., Hapke, U., Meyer, C., John, U., Remission ohne formelle Hilfen und Inanspruchnahme stationärer behandlung bei alkoholabhängigen: Ein vergleich auslösender faktoren (2000) Sucht, 46, pp. 54-61; 
Perkonigg, A., Lieb, R., Wittchen, H.-U., Substance use, abuse and dependence in Germany: A review of selected epidemiological data (1998) Eur Addict Res, 4, pp. 8-17; 
Wittchen, H.-U., Perkonigg, A., Lachner, G., Nelson, C.B., Early developmental stages of psychopathology study (EDSP): Objectives and design (1998) Eur Addict Res, 4, pp. 18-27; 
Lachner, G., Wittchen, H.-U., Perkonigg, A., Holly, A., Schuster, P., Wunderlich, U., Türk, D., Pfister, H., Structure, content and reliability of the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI): Substance use sections (1998) Eur Addict Res, 4, pp. 28-41; 
Nelson, C.B., Wittchen, H.-U., Smoking and nicotine dependence: Results from a sample of 14- to 24-year-olds in Germany (1998) Eur Addict Res, 4, pp. 42-49; 
Holly, A., Wittchen, H.-U., Patterns of use and their relationship to DSM-IV abuse and dependence of alcohol among adolescents and young adults (1998) Eur Addict Res, 4, pp. 50-57; 
Perkonigg, A., Lieb, R., Wittchen, H.-U., Prevalence of use, abuse and dependence of illicit drugs among adolescents and young adults in a community sample (1998) Eur Addict Res, 4, pp. 58-66; 
Lieb, R., Pfister, H., Wittchen, H.-U., Use, abuse and dependence of prescription drugs in adolescents and young adults (1998) Eur Addict Res, 4, pp. 67-74; 
Schuster, P., Lieb, R., Lamertz, C., Wittchen, H.-U., Is the use of ecstasy and hallucinogens increasing? Results from a community study (1998) Eur Addict Res, 4, pp. 75-82; 
Schuster, P., Wittchen, H.U., Ecstasy- und halluzinogengebrauch bei jugendlichen: Gibt es eine zunahme? (1996) Verhaltenstherapie, 6, pp. 222-232; 
Holly, A., Türk, D., Nelson, C.B., Pfister, H., Wittchen, H.-U., Prävalenz von alkoholkonsum, alkoholmissbrauch und -abhängigkeit bei jugendlichen und jungen erwachsenen (1997) Z Klin Psychol, 26, pp. 171-178; 
Perkonigg, A., Beloch, E., Garczynski, E., Nelson, C.B., Pfister, H., Wittchen, H.-U., Prävalenz von drogenmissbrauch und -abhängigkeit bei jugendlichen und jungen erwachsenen: Gebrauch, diagnosen und auftreten erster missbrauchs- und abhängigkeitsmerkmale (1997) Z Klin Psychol, 26, pp. 247-257; 
Wittchen, H.-U., Höfler, M., Perkonigg, A., Sonntag, H., Lieb, R., Wie stabil sind drogenkonsum und das auftreten klinisch-diagnostisch relevanter missbrauchs- und abhängigkeitsstadien be jugendlichen? Eine epidemiologische studie am beispiel von cannabis (1998) Kindheit Entwicklung, 7, pp. 188-198; 
Höfler, M., Lieb, R., Perkonigg, A., Schuster, P., Sonntag, H., Wittchen, H.-U., Covariates of cannabis use progression in a representative population sample of adolescents: A prospective examination of vulnerability and risk factors (1999) Addiction, 94, pp. 1679-1694; 
Perkonigg, A., Lieb, R., Höfler, M., Schuster, P., Sonntag, H., Wittchen, H.-U., Patterns of cannabis use, abuse and dependence over time: Incidence, progression and stability in a sample of 1,228 adolescents (1999) Addiction, 94, pp. 1663-1678; 
Sonntag, H., Wittchen, H.-U., Höfler, M., Kessler, R.C., Stein, M.B., Are social fears and DSM-IV social anxiety disorder associated with smoking and nicotine dependence in adolescents and young adults (2000) Eur Psychiatry, 15, pp. 67-75; 
Wittchen, H.-U., Pfister, H., DIA-X-Interviews: Manual für Screening-Verfahren und Interview; Interviewheft Längsschnittuntersuchung (DIA-X-12 Monate); Ergänzungsheft (DIA-X-12 Monate); PC-Programm zur Durchführung des Interviews (Längs- und Querschnittuntersuchung); Auswertungsprogramm, p. 1997. , Frankfurt, Swets & Zeitlinger; 
(1990) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), , Geneva, World Health Organization, Division of Mental Health; 
(1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ed 4, , Washington, APA; 
(1994) International Classification of Diseases, rev 10, , Geneva, World Health Organization, Division of Mental Health; 
Wittchen, H.-U., Lachner, G., Wunderlich, U., Pfister, H., Test-retest reliability of the computerized DSM-IV version of the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI) (1998) Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 33, pp. 568-578; 
Reed, V., Gander, F., Pfister, H., Steiger, A., Sonntag, H., Trenkwalder, C., Hundt, W., Wittchen, H.-U., To what degree does the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) correctly identify DSM-IV disorders? Testing validity issues in a clinical sample (1998) Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, 7, pp. 142-155; 
Lachner, G., Wittchen, H.-U., Das Composite International Diagnostic Interview Substance Abuse Module (CIDI-SAM) (1996), pp. 147-156. , Mann K, Buchkremer G (eds): Sucht: Grundlagen, Diagnostik, Therapie. Stuttgart, Fischer; Dlugosch, G.E., Krieger, W., Fragebogen zur Erfassung des Gesundheitsverhaltens, p. 1994. , Frankfurt am Main, Swets; 
Leigh, B.C., Stacy, A.W., Alcohol outcome expectancies: Scale construction and predictive utility in higher order confirmatory models (1993) Psychol Assess, 5, pp. 216-229; 
Derogatis, L.R., (1986) SCL-90-R: Self-Report Symptom Inventory, , Weinheim, Beltz; 
Maier-Diewald, W., Wittchen, H.-U., Hecht, H., Werner-Eilert, K., (1983) Die Münchner Ereignisliste (MEL) - Anwendungsmanual, , München, Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie, Eigendruck; 
Lachner, G., Wittchen, H.-U., (1995) Skala zum Vergleich von Kompetenzen, , München, Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie, Eigendruck; 
Schauder, Th., (1991) Die Aussagenliste zum Selbstwertgefühl für Kinder und Jugendliche, , Weinheim, Beltz; 
Perkonigg, A., Wittchen, H.-U., (1995) Problemlösekompetenz-Skala: Forschungsversion, , München, Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie, Eigendruck; 
Reznick, J.S., Hegeman, J.M., Kaufman, E.R., Woods, S.W., Jacobs, M., Retrospective and concurrent self-report of behavioral inhibition and their relation to adult mental health (1992) Dev Psychopathol, 4, pp. 301-321; 
Perkonigg, A., Wittchen, H.-U., (1995) The Daily-Hassles Scale: Forschungsversion, , München, Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie, Eigendruck; 
Schumacher, J., Eisemann, M., Brähler, E., Rückblick auf die eltern: Der fragebogen zum erinnerten elterlichen erziehungsverhalten (FEE) (1999) Diagnostica, 45, pp. 194-204; 
Bohner, G., Hormuth, S.E., Schwarz, N., Die stimmungsskala: Vorstellung und validierung einer deutschen version des 'Mood Survey' (1991) Diagnostica, 37, pp. 135-148; 
Harvey, P.D., Greenberg, B.R., Serper, M.R., The affective lability scales: Development, reliability, and validity (1989) J Clin Psychol, 45, pp. 786-793; 
Wagnild, G.M., Young, H.M., Development and psychometric evaluation of the resilience scale (1993) J Nurs Manag, 1, pp. 165-178; 
Kuhl, J., Fuhrmann, A., (1997) Selbststeuerungs-Inventar: SSI (Kurzversion), , Universität Osnabrück, Vorpublikationsabzug; 
Wittchen, H.-U., (1995) Premenstrual Symptom Scale: Forschungsversion, , München, Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie, Eigendruck; 
Addis, M.E., Truax, P., Jacobson, N.S., Why do people think they are depressed? The reasons for depression questionnaire (1995) Psychotherapy, 32, pp. 476-483; 
Wunderlich, U., Wittchen, H.-U., (1998) Fragebogen zu Selbstmordversuchen, , München, Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie, Eigendruck; 
Wittchen, H.-U., (1997) Erleben des ersten angstanfalls, , München, Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie, Eigendruck; 
Fydrich, T., Renneberg, B., Schmitz, B., Wittchen, H.-U., (1997) SKID II: Strukturiertes Klinisches Interview für DSM-IV (SKID-II), Achse II: Persönlichkeitsstörungen, , Eine deutschsprachige, erweiterte Bearbeitung der amerikanischen Originalversion des SCID-II von First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW, Benjamin L (Version 3/96). Göttingen, Hogrefe; 
Cohen, P.R., The effects of instruments and informants on ascertainment (1988), pp. 31-52. , Dunner DL, Gershon ES, Barrett JE (eds): Relatives at risk for mental disorder. New York, Raven Press; Andreasen, N.C., Rice, J., Endicott, J., Reich, T., Coryell, W., The family history approach to diagnosis: How useful is it? (1986) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 43, pp. 421-429; 
Rice, J.P., Reich, Th., Bucholz, K.K., Neuman, R.J., Fishman, R., Rochberg, N., Hesselbrock, V.M., Begleiter, H., Comparison of direct interview and family history diagnoses of alcohol dependence (1995) Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 19, pp. 1018-1023; 
Kendler, K.S., Roy, M.-A., Validity of a diagnosis of lifetime major depression obtained by personal interview versus family history (1995) Am J Psychiatry, 152, pp. 1608-1614; 
Andreasen, N.C., Endicott, J., Spitzer, R.L., Winokur, G., The family history method using diagnostic criteria: Reliability and validity (1977) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 34, pp. 229-235; 
Lieb, R., Wittchen, H.-U., Höfler, M., Fuetsch, M., Stein, M., Merikangas, K.R., Parental psychopathology, parenting styles and the risk of social phobia in offspring: A prospective-longitudinal community study (2000) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 57, pp. 859-866; 
Lachner, G., Wittchen, H.-U., (1997) Münchener Composite International Diagnostic Interview, M-CIDI (familiengenetische Version), Elternbefragung, Version 2.0, , München, Pax-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie, Eigendruck; 
Epstein, N.B., Baldwin, L.M., Bishop, D.S., The McMaster family assessment device (1983) J Marriage Fam Ther, 9, pp. 171-180; 
Lachner, G., Wittchen, H.-U., (1997) Skala elterlicher Erziehungsmassnahmen EMAS-P: Forschungsversion, , München, Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie, Eigendruck; 
Mattejat, F., (1993) Subjektive Familienstrukturen. Untersuchungen zur Wahrnehmung der Familienbeziehungen und zu ihrer Bedeutung für die psychische Gesundheit von Jugendlichen, , Göttingen, Hogrefe
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034529053&doi=10.1159%2f000052043&partnerID=40&md5=510db136340e400224125d89f089d4c7
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Clues to the aetiological heterogeneity of testicular seminomas and non-seminomas: Time trends and age-period-cohort effects
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Int. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 29
IS  - 5
SP  - 826
EP  - 831
PY  - 2000
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Liu, S.
AU  - Semenciw, R.
AU  - Waters, C.
AU  - Wen, S.W.
AU  - Mery, L.S.
AU  - Mao, Y.
AD  - Bureau of Reproductive and Child Health, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Canada
AD  - Cancer Bureau, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
AD  - Cancer Bureau, LCDC Building #6, Tunneys Pasture, Ottawa, Ont. K1A 0L2, Canada
AB  - Background. Most previous epidemiological studies have treated testicular cancer as a single entity. However, some investigators suggest that testicular seminomas and nonseminomas may have different risk profiles. We examine the time trends in incidence of the two main histological types separately. Methods. From 1970 through 1995, 7296 cases of testicular cancer were registered in the Canadian provinces of Ontario, Saskatchewan and British Columbia. In addition to analyses of the secular trends by age group and birth cohort, an age-period-cohort (APC) model with standard Poisson assumptions was fitted to the data to assess the time effects. Results. The age-adjusted incidence rate for seminomas increased by 53%, from 1.5 per 100 000 males in 1970-1971 to 2.3 per 100 000 males in 1994-1995. Non-seminomas increased by 91%, from 1.1 to 2.1 per 100 000 males over the same period. Non-seminomas were more frequent at young ages whereas seminomas dominated in older ages. In contrast to seminomas, non-seminomas occurred predominantly among adolescent men (15-19 years), with a fourfold increase between 1970-1971 and 1994-1995. Age-period-cohort modelling showed that the increase in the risk of both seminomas and non-seminomas followed a birth cohort pattern, but with differences in birth cohorts in addition to significantly distinct age patterns. Conclusions. Our findings support the hypothesis postulating aetiological heterogeneity in the development of seminomas and non-seminomas. We suggest that epidemiological studies of testicular cancer treat seminomas and non-seminomas separately.
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cancer incidence
KW  - Cohort effect
KW  - Statistical models
KW  - Testicular cancer
KW  - adolescence
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - birth
KW  - Canada
KW  - cancer classification
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cancer registry
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - histopathology
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - seminoma
KW  - testis cancer
KW  - time
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Aged
KW  - Canada
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Poisson Distribution
KW  - Registries
KW  - Seminoma
KW  - Testicular Neoplasms
N1  - Cited By :35
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJEPB
C2  - 11034964
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Mao, Y.; Cancer Bureau, Lab. Centre for Disease Control, LCDC Bldg. 6, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ont. K1A 0L2, Canada
N1  - References: Brown, L.M., Pottern, L.M., Hoover, R.N., Devesa, S.S., Aselton, P., Flannery, J.T., Testicular cancer in the United States: Trends in incidence and mortality (1986) Int J Epidemiol, 15, pp. 164-170; 
Boyle, P., Kaye, S.B., Robertson, A.G., Changes in testicular cancer in Scotland (1987) Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol, 23, pp. 827-830; 
Adami, H.-O., Bergstrom, R., Mohner, M., Testicular cancer in nine Northern European countries (1994) Int J Cancer, 59, pp. 33-38; 
Zheng, T., Holford, T.R., Ma, Z., Ward, B.A., Flannnery, J., Boyle, P., Continuing increase in incidence of germ-cell testis cancer in young adults: Experience from connecticut, USA, 1935-1992 (1996) Int J Cancer, 65, pp. 723-729; 
Bergstrom, R., Adami, H.-O., Mohner, M., Increase in testicular cancer incidence in six European countries: A birth cohort phenomenon (1996) J Natl Cancer Inst, 88, pp. 727-733; 
Liu, S., Wen, S.W., Mao, Y., Mery, L., Rouleau, J., Birth cohort effects underlying the increasing testicular cancer incidence in Canada (1999) Can J Public Health, 90, pp. 176-180; 
Stone, J.M., Cruickshank, D.G., Sandeman, T.F., Matthews, J.P., Trebling of the incidence of testicular cancer in Victoria, Australia (1950-1985) (1991) Cancer, 68, pp. 211-219; 
Akre, O., Ekbom, A., Hsieh, C.C., Trichopoulos, D., Adami, H.-O., Testicular nonseminoma and seminoma in relation to perinatal characteristics (1996) J Natl Cancer Inst, 88, pp. 883-889; 
Wanderas, E.H., Tretli, S., Fossa, S.D., Trends in incidence of testicular cancer in Norway 1955-1992 (1995) Eur J Cancer, 31 A, pp. 2044-2048; 
Weir, H.K., Marrett, L.D., Moravan, V., Trends in the incidence of testicular germ cell cancer in Ontario by histologic subgroup, 1964-1996 (1999) Can Med Assoc J, 160, pp. 201-205; 
Band, P.R., Gaudette, L., Hill, G.B., (1993), pp. 16-21. , The Making of the Canadian Cancer Registry: Cancer Incidence in Canada and its Regions, 1969 to 1988. Ottawa: Canadian Council of Cancer Registries; Gaudette, L., Lee, J., (1997), pp. 14-17. , Cancer Incidence in Canada 1969-1993. Catalogue 82-566-XPB. Ottawa: Ministry of Industry; Le, N.D., Marrett, L.D., Robson, D.L., Semenciw, R.M., Turner, D., Walter, S.D., (1995), 1, pp. 20-24. , Canadian Cancer Incidence Atlas. Ottawa: Health Canada; Parkin, D.M., Muir, C.S., Whelan, S.L., Gao, Y.T., Ferlay, J., Powell, J., (1992), 6, pp. 865-870. , Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, IARC Scientific Publication No. 120. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates, I: Age-period and age-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 449-467; 
Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates, II: Age-period-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 469-481; 
Holford, T.R., Understanding the effects of age, period and cohort on incidence and mortality rates (1991) Annu Rev Public Health, 12, pp. 425-457; 
Holford, T.R., Analysing the temporal effects of age, period and cohort (1992) Stat Meth Med Res, 1, pp. 317-337; 
Shahpar, C., Li, G., Homicide mortality in the United States, 1935-1994: Age, period and cohort effects (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 150, pp. 1213-1222; 
Holford, T.R., Zheng, T., Mayne, S.T., Mckay, L.A., Time trends of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Are they real? What do they mean? (1992) Cancer Res, 52 (SUPPL.), pp. 5443-5446; 
Tarone, R.E., Chu, K.C., Evaluation of birth cohort patterns in population disease rates (1996) Am J Epidemiol, 143, pp. 85-91; 
Adami, H.-O., Bergstrom, R., Sparean, P., Baron, J., Increasing cancer risk in younger birth cohorts in Sweden (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 773-777; 
Horwich, A., Malcom, D.M., Hendry, W.F., Testicular tumours (1995), 2, pp. 1407-1414. , Peckham M, Pinedo H, Yeronesi U (eds). Oxford Textbook of Oncology. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Depue, R.H., Maternal and gestational factors affecting the risk of cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia (1984) Int J Epidemiol, 13, pp. 311-318; 
Brown, L.M., Pottern, L.M., Hoover, R.N., Testicular cancer in young men: The search for causes of the epidemic increase in the United States (1987) J Epidemiol Community Health, 41, pp. 349-354; 
Kardom, J.W.P.F., Hayes, R.B., Pottern, L.M., Brown, L.M., Hoover, R.N., Testicular cancer in young men and parental occupational exposure (1991) Am J Industr Med, 20, pp. 219-227; 
Depue, R.H., Pike, M.C., Henderson, B.E., Estrogen exposure during gestation and risk of testicular cancer (1983) J Natl Cancer Inst, 71, pp. 1151-1155; 
Moller, H., Clues to the aetiology of testicular germ-cell tumours from descriptive epidemiology (1993) Eur Urol, 23, pp. 8-15; 
Prener, A., Hsieh, C.C., Engholm, G., Trichopoulos, D., Jensen, O.M., Birth order and risk of testicular cancer (1992) Cancer Causes Control, 3, pp. 265-272; 
Swerdlow, A.J., Huttly, S.R., Smith, P.G., Prenatal and familial associations of testicular cancer (1987) Br J Cancer, 55, pp. 571-577; 
Moller, H., Jorgenen, N., Forman, D., Trends in incidence of testicular cancer in boys and adolescent men (1995) Int J Cancer, 61, pp. 761-764
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033762170&partnerID=40&md5=0d58921624d47dabb126080dc821a45f
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Re-survey of the Whitehall study of London civil servants: Changes in risk factors for cardiovascular disease during 29 years of follow-up
T2  - Journal of Cardiovascular Risk
J2  - J. Cardiovasc. Risk
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
SP  - 251
EP  - 257
PY  - 2000
SN  - 13506277 (ISSN) 
AU  - Clarke, R.
AU  - Breeze, E.
AU  - Youngman, L.
AU  - Sherliker, P.
AU  - Bell, P.
AU  - Shah, S.
AU  - Shipley, M.
AU  - Collins, R.
AU  - Leon, D.
AU  - Marmot, M.
AU  - Fletcher, A.
AD  - Clinical Trial Service Unit, Nuffield Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE, United Kingdom
AB  - Background: Substantial uncertainty persists about the relevance of blood pressure and cholesterol to the risk of cardiovascular disease in the elderly. Objective: To investigate the determinants of cardiovascular risk in old age, and the relevance of such risk factors when recorded in middle and old age. Methods: A re-survey in 1997 of 8537 survivors of a cohort of men who were originally examined in 1967-1970 when aged 40-69 years. Results: Completed questionnaires were received from 7050 (82%) of the survivors, and blood pressure and blood samples from 5427 (64%). The response rate declined with increasing age, was inversely related to markers of socioeconomic status in 1967-70 and in 1997, and was lower in those who had been current smokers or had a higher blood pressure level in 1967-70. After excluding those with reported cardiovascular disease (25% of respondents), the mean levels of total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were lower in older age groups, whereas apolipoprotein A1 levels did not vary much with age. Among those with risk factors recorded both in 1967-70 and 1997, the prevalence of smoking had declined by two-thirds (32% in 1970 and 12% in 1997), the prevalence of diabetes had increased (0.3% versus 4.5%), and the mean systolic blood pressure had increased by 16 mmHg (130 versus 146 mmHg), but the diastolic blood pressure had not changed materially (80 versus 81 mmHg), and the measured levels of total cholesterol had increased by 0.5 mmol/l (although that change may be artefactual). Conclusion: Follow-up of vital status in this cohort should permit an assessment of the relevance of risk factors recorded in middle and old age to cardiovascular disease in old age. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
KW  - Cardiovascular risk factors
KW  - Elderly
KW  - apolipoprotein A1
KW  - apolipoprotein B
KW  - cholesterol
KW  - adult
KW  - age distribution
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - blood pressure
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - cardiovascular risk
KW  - cholesterol blood level
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - controlled study
KW  - diabetes mellitus
KW  - disease association
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - lipoprotein blood level
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - social status
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Apolipoproteins A
KW  - Apolipoproteins B
KW  - Biological Markers
KW  - Blood Pressure
KW  - Cardiovascular Diseases
KW  - Chi-Square Distribution
KW  - Cholesterol
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Health Status Indicators
KW  - Humans
KW  - London
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Social Class
N1  - Cited By :11
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JCRIE
C2  - 11006895
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Clarke, R.; Clinical Trial Service Unit, Nuffield Dept. of Clinical Medicine, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Apolipoproteins A; Apolipoproteins B; Biological Markers; Cholesterol, 57-88-5
N1  - References: Weverling-Rijnsburger, A.W.E., Blauw, G.J., Lagaay, A.M., Knock, D.L., Meinders, A.E., Westendorp, R.G.J., Total cholesterol and risk of mortality in the oldest old (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1119-1123; 
Langer, R., Ganiats, T.G., Barrett-Connor, E., Paradoxical survival of elderly men with high blood pressure (1989) BMJ, 298, pp. 1356-1358; 
Glynn, R.J., Field, T.S., Rosner, B., Hebert, P.R., Taylor, J.O., Hennekens, C.H., Evidence for a positive relation between blood pressure and mortality in elderly people (1995) Lancet, 345, pp. 825-829; 
Mattila, K., Haavisto, M., Rajala, S., Heikinheimo, R., Blood pressure and five year survival in the very old (1988) BMJ, 265, pp. 3255-3264; 
Hakala, S.M., Tilvis, R.S., Strandberg, T.E., Blood pressure and mortality in an older population: A 5 year follow-up of the Helsinki Ageing study (1997) Eur Heart J, 18, pp. 1019-1023; 
Reid, D.D., Brett, G.Z., Hamilton, P.J.S., Jarrett, R.J., Keen, H., Rose, G., Cardiorespiratory disease and diabetes in middle-aged male civil servants (1974) Lancet, 1, pp. 469-473; 
Rose, G., Reid, D.D., Hamilton, P.J.S., McCartney, P., Keen, H., Jarrett, R.J., Myocardial ischaemia, risk factors and death from coronary heart-disease (1977) Lancet, 1, pp. 105-109; 
Block, W.D., Jarrett, K.J., Levine, J.B., An improved automated determination of serum total cholesterol with single colour reagent (1966) Clin Chem, 10, pp. 681-689; 
Rose, G., Shipley, M.J., Plasma cholesterol and death from coronary heart disease: 10 year results from the Whitehall study (1986) BMJ, 293, pp. 306-307; 
Shipley, M.J., Pocock, S.J., Marmot, M.G., Does plasma cholesterol concentration predict mortality from coronary heart disease in elderly people? 18 year follow-up of the Whitehall study (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 89-92; 
Clarke, R., Breeze, E., Sherliker, P., Shipley, M., Youngman, L., Fletcher, A., Design, objectives and lessons from a 25-year follow-up re-survey of survivors in the Whitehall study of London Civil Servants (1998) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 52, pp. 364-369; 
Danesh, J., Semmence, J., Gault, S., Appleby, P., Peto, R., Postcodes as useful markers of social class: Population-based study in 26000 British households (1999) BMJ, 318, pp. 843-845; 
Allain, C.C., Poon, L.S., Chan, C.S.G., Richmond, W., Fu, P.C., Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol (1974) Clin Chem, 20, pp. 470-475; 
Pinnell, A.E., Northam, B.E., New automated dye-binding method for serum albumin determination with bromocresol purple (1978) Clin Chem, 24, pp. 80-86; 
Youngman, L.D., Lyon, V., Collins, R., Peto, R., Problems with mailed blood in large scale epidemiological studies and methods of correction (1993) FASEB J, 1, p. 377; 
Clarke, R., Shipley, M., Lewington, S., Youngman, L., Collins, R., Marmot, M., Peto, R., Underestimation of risk associations due to regression dilution in long-term follow-up of prospective studies (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 150, pp. 341-353; 
Svardsudd, K., Tibblin, G., A longitudinal blood pressure study. Change of blood pressure during 10 year in relation to initial values. The study of men born in 1913 (1980) J Chronic Dis, 33, pp. 627-636; 
Pearson, J.D., Morrell, C.H., Brandt, L.J., Landis, P.K., Fleg, J.L., Age-associated changes in blood pressure in a longitudinal study of healthy men and women (1997) J Gerontol, 52 A, pp. M177-M183; 
Wald, N., Nicolaides-Bouman, A., (1991), UK smoking statistics. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University PressUR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033822255&partnerID=40&md5=9cd124c3198ab1c2f829725cc325e532
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Influence of socioeconomic circumstances in early and later life on stroke risk among men in a Scottish Cohort Study
T2  - Stroke
J2  - Stroke
VL  - 31
IS  - 9
SP  - 2093
EP  - 2097
PY  - 2000
SN  - 00392499 (ISSN) 
AU  - Hart, C.L.
AU  - Hole, D.J.
AU  - Smith, G.D.
AD  - Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, United Kingdom
AB  - Background and Purpose - The purpose of the study was to investigate stroke risk by socioeconomic measures. Methods - The analysis was based on a large cohort study of 5765 working men, from 27 workplaces in Scotland, who were screened between 1970 and 1973. Stroke was defined as having a hospital admission with a main diagnosis of stroke or dying of stroke in the 25-year follow-up period. Results - There were 416 men who had a stroke. Men with manual occupations when screened, on first entering the workforce, men with manual occupations, and men whose fathers had manual occupations had significantly higher rates of stroke than men in the nonmanual categories. Men who left full-time education at age 16 years or under also had significantly higher rates of stroke. Men living in more deprived areas had higher rates of stroke, but the rates were not statistically significant. The most marked difference was in relation to father's social class, and although adjusting for risk factors for stroke attenuated the relative rates, men whose fathers were in manual social classes had higher relative rates of stroke than men whose fathers were in nonmanual classes (adjusted relative rate for father's social class III manual was 1.37 [95% CI 1.03 to 1.81] and for father's social class IV or V was 1.46 [1.09 to 1.96]). Men who were upwardly mobile (father's social class manual, own social class nonmanual) had a rate of stroke similar to that of stable manual men. Conclusions - Poorer socioeconomic circumstance was associated with greater stroke risk, with adverse early-life circumstances of particular importance.
KW  - Cerebrovascular disorders
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Prospective studies
KW  - Social class
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - education
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - manual labor
KW  - occupation
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - stroke
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Cerebrovascular Accident
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Education
KW  - Fathers
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Occupations
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Registries
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Social Mobility
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Survival Analysis
N1  - Cited By :57
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SJCCA
C2  - 10978035
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hart, C.L.; Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, United Kingdom; email: c.l.hart@udcf.gla.ac.uk
N1  - References: Warlow, C., Epidemiology of stroke (1998) Lancet, 352 (SUPPL. III), pp. 1-4; 
Gale, C.R., Martyn, C.N., The conundrum of time trends in stroke (1997) J R Soc Med, 90, pp. 138-143; 
(1998), Annual Report of the Registrar General for Scotland 1997. Edinburgh, UK: General Register Office for Scotland; Van Gijn, J., Dennis, M., Issues and answers in stroke care (1998) Lancet, 352 (SUPPL. III), pp. 23-27; 
Kunst, A., Del Rios, M., Groenhof, F., Mackenbach, J., Socioeconomic inequalities in stroke mortality among middle-aged men: An international overview (1998) Stroke, 29, pp. 2285-2291; 
Davey Smith, G., Hart, C.L., Blane, D., Hole, D., Adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood and cause specific adult mortality: Prospective observational study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1631-1635; 
Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Hole, D., MacKinnon, P., Gillis, C., Watt, G., Blane, D., Hawthorne, V., Education and occupational social class: Which is the more important indicator of mortality risk? (1998) J Epidemiol Community Health, 52, pp. 153-160; 
Rose, G.A., The diagnosis of ischaemic heart pain and intermittent claudication in field surveys (1962) Bull World Health Organ, 27, pp. 645-658; 
Prineas, R.J., Crow, R.S., Blackburn, H., (1982), The Minnesota Code Manual of Electrocardiographic Findings: Standards and Procedures for Measurement and Classification. Boston, Mass: John Wright; Hawthorne, V.M., Watt, G.C.M., Hart, C.L., Hole, D.J., Davey Smith, G., Gillis, C.R., Cardiorespiratory disease in men and women in urban Scotland: Baseline characteristics of the Renfrew/Paisley (Midspan) Study population (1995) Scott Med J, 40, pp. 102-107; 
Hart, C.L., Watt, G.C.M., Davey Smith, G., Gillis, C.R., Hawthorne, V.M., Preexisting ischaemic heart disease and ischaemic heart disease mortality in women compared with men (1997) Int J Epidemiol, 26, pp. 508-515; 
Hart, C.L., Davey Smith, G., Hole, D.J., Hawthorne, V.M., Alcohol consumption and mortality from all causes, coronary heart disease and stroke: Results from a 21 year follow up study of Scottish men (1999) BMJ, 318, pp. 1725-1729; 
Carstairs, V., Morris, R., (1991), Deprivation and Health in Scotland. Aberdeen, UK: Aberdeen University Press; (1966), General Register Office Classification of Occupations 1966. London, UK: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; Hart, C.L., Davey Smith, G., Blane, D., Social mobility and 21 year mortality in a cohort of Scottish men (1998) Soc Sci Med, 47, pp. 1121-1130; 
Hanlon, P., Walsh, D., Whyte, B., Scott, S., Lighthody, P., Gilhooly, M., Hospital use by an ageing cohort: An investigation into the association between biological, behavioural and social risk markers and subsequent hospital utilization (1998) J Public Health Med, 20, pp. 467-476; 
Cox, D.R., Regression models and life tables (1972) J R Stat Soc (B), 34, pp. 187-220; 
Hart, C., Davey Smith, G., Hole, D., Risk factors and 20-year stroke mortality in men and women in the Renfrew/Paisley study in Scotland (1999) Stroke, 30, pp. 1999-2007; 
Marmot, M.G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Inequalities in death: Specific explanations of a general pattern? (1984) Lancet, 1, pp. 1003-1006; 
Shaper, A.G., Phillips, A., Pocock, S., Walker, M., Macfarlane, P., Risk factors for stroke in middle aged British men (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1111-1115; 
Bennett, S., Socioeconomic inequalities in coronary heart disease and stroke mortality among Australian men, 1979-1993 (1996) Int J Epidemiol, 25, pp. 266-275; 
Van Rossum, C., Van de Mheen, H., Breteler, M., Grobbee, D., Mackenbach, J., Socioeconomic differences in stroke among Dutch elderly women the Rotterdam Study (1999) Stroke, 30, pp. 357-362; 
Hart, C.L., Hole, D.J., Davey Smith, G., The contribution of risk factors to stroke differentials by adulthood socioeconomic position among men and women in the Renfrew/Paisley study Am J Public Health, , In press; 
Maheswaran, R., Elliott, P., Strachan, D.P., Ebrahim, S., Davey Smith, G., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Socioeconomic deprivation, ethnicity, and stroke mortality in Greater London and south east England (1997) J Epidemiol Community Health, 51, pp. 127-137; 
Starr, J.M., Thomas, B., Whalley, L.J., Population risk factors for hospitalization for stroke in Scotland (1996) Int J Epidemiol, 25, pp. 276-281; 
Wannamethee, S.G., Whincup, P.H., Shaper, G., Walker, M., Influence of fathers' social class on cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1259-1263; 
Gliksman, M.D., Kawachi, I., Hunter, D., Colditz, G.A., Manson, J.E., Stampfer, M.J., Speizer, F.E., Hennekens, C.H., Childhood socioeconomic status and risk of cardiovascular disease in middle aged US women: A prospective study (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 10-15; 
Frankel, S., Smith, G.D., Gunnell, D., Childhood socioeconomic position and adult cardiovascular mortality: The Boyd Orr Cohort (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 150, pp. 1081-1084; 
Davey Smith, G., Hart, C.L., Upton, M., Hole, D., Gillis, C., Watt, G.C.M., Hawthorne, V., Height and risk of death among men and women: Aetiological implications of associations with cardiorespiratory disease and cancer mortality (2000) J Epidemiol Community Health, 54, pp. 97-103; 
Njolstad, I., Arnesen, E., Lund-Larsen, P.G., Body height, cardiovascular risk factors, and risk of stroke in middle-aged men and women: A 14-year follow-up of the Finnmark Study (1996) Circulation, 94, pp. 2877-2882; 
Parker, D., Lapane, K., Lasater, T., Carleton, R., Short stature and cardiovascular disease among men and women from two southeastern New England communities (1998) Int J Epidemiol, 27, pp. 970-975; 
Blane, D., Hart, C.L., Smith, G.D., Gillis, C.R., Hole, D.J., Hawthorne, V.M., Association of cardiovascular-disease risk-factors with socioeconomic position during childhood and during adulthood (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 1434-1438; 
Davey Smith, G., Ben Shlomo, Y., Geographical and social class differentials in stroke mortality: The influence of early-life factors (1997) J Epidemiol Community Health, 51, pp. 134-137; 
Barker, D., (1998), Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life. Edinburgh, UK: Churchill-Livingstone; Gunnell, D.J., Davey Smith, G., Frankel, S., Nanchahal, K., Braddon, F.M., Pemberton, J., Peters, T.J., Childhood leg length and adult mortality: Follow up of the Carnegie (Boyd Orr) Survey of Diet and Health in Pre-war Britain (1998) J Epidemiol Community Health, 52, pp. 142-152
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033816184&partnerID=40&md5=adddedc60698ba9bc63197301993de83
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The initial care of newborn infants and subsequent hay fever
T2  - Allergy: European Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
J2  - Allergy Eur. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.
VL  - 55
IS  - 10
SP  - 916
EP  - 922
PY  - 2000
DO  - 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00480.x
SN  - 01054538 (ISSN) 
AU  - Montgomery, S.M.
AU  - Wakefield, A.J.
AU  - Morris, D.L.
AU  - Pounder, R.E.
AU  - Murch, S.H.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Royal Free and University, College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Free and University, College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - Background: Patterns of neonatal exposure to microorganisms have changed substantially over the last 100 years, and it has been suggested that this has influenced the risk of immune-mediated disease. Using a proxy measure, we tested the hypothesis that the initial handling of newborn infants, which is known to affect the pattern of exposure to microorganisms, may alter the risk of developing subsequent atopy, as indicated by hay fever. Methods: Analysis was performed on 5519 members of the 1970 British Cohort Study, a nationally representative birth cohort. Cohort members with hay fever were identified at intervals up to the age of 26 years. Details of neonatal care and childhood circumstances were recorded prospectively. Those who had spent their first night away from their mother in the communal infant nursery were selected as likely to have experienced atypical exposure compared with infants who remained with their mother. Adjustment was made for potential confounding factors in infancy and childhood by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Unadjusted relative odds (with 95% CI) for developing hay fever among those spending the first night in the communal nursery, when compared with other infants who remained with the mother, were 1.48 (1.23-1.77), P<0.001. Comprehensive adjustment for the potential confounding factors, including feeding practices on the first day of life, markers of social and material circumstances, and region, did not substantially alter this relationship, with adjusted relative odds of 1.31 (1.08-1.59), P=0.005. Conclusions: While our proxy measure is associated with an increased risk of hay fever, further research is required to confirm that this is due to the pattern of infectious exposure in very early life. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the first challenges are particularly important in the development of the newborn infant's immune system.
KW  - Atopy
KW  - BCS70
KW  - Hay fever
KW  - Neonatal
KW  - article
KW  - atopy
KW  - environmental factor
KW  - fever
KW  - hay fever
KW  - human
KW  - infection risk
KW  - newborn care
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Communicable Diseases
KW  - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)
KW  - Environmental Exposure
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant Care
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Nurseries, Hospital
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
KW  - Risk Factors
N1  - Cited By :28
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: LLRGD
C2  - 11030371
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Montgomery, S.M.; Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
N1  - References: Nakagomi, T., Itaya, H., Tominaga, T., Yamaki, M., Hisamatsu, S., Nakagomi, O., Is atopy increasing? (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 121-122; 
Woolcock, A.J., Peat, J.K., Evidence for the increase in asthma worldwide (1997), pp. 122-139. , The rising trends in asthma. Chichester: John Wiley; Butland, B.K., Strachan, D.P., Lewis, S., Bynner, J., Butler, N., Britton, J., Investigation into the increase in hay fever and eczema at age 16 observed between the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 717-721; 
Kramer, U., Heinrich, J., Wist, M., Wichmann, H.-E., Age of entry to day nursery and allergy in later childhood (1999) Lancet, 353, pp. 450-454; 
Rook, G.A.W., Stanford, J.L., Give us this day our daily germs (1998) Immunol Today, 19, pp. 113-116; 
Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J.M., Montgomery, S.M., Shepherd, P., , p. 1992. , An integrated approach to the design and analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS). London: SSRU, City University; Bynner, J.M., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., , p. 1998. , Twenty-something in the 1990s. Aldershot: Ashgate; Arber, S., Comparing inequalities in women's and men's health: Britain in the 1990s (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 773-787; 
Aaby, P., Bukh, J., Lisse, I.M., Shits, A.J., Overcrowding and intensive exposure as determinants of measles mortality (1984) Am J Epidemiol, 120, pp. 49-63; 
Norusis, M.J., , p. 1998. , SPSS user's guide. Chicago: SPSS, Inc; Shaheen, S., Discovering the causes of atopy (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 987-988; 
Strachan, D.P., Harkins, L.S., Johnston, I.D.A., Anderson, H.R., Childhood antecedents of allergic sensitization in young British adults (1997) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 99, pp. 6-12; 
Strachan, D.P., Hay fever hygiene and household size (1989) BMJ, 299, pp. 1259-1260; 
Martinez, F.D., Role of viral infections in the inception of asthma and allergies during childhood: Could they be protective? (1994) Thorax, 49, pp. 1189-1191; 
Ronne, T., Measles virus infection without rash in childhood is related to disease in adult life (1985) Lancet, 1, pp. 1-5; 
Montgomery, S.M., Morris, D.L., Pounder, R.E., Wakefield, A.J., Paramyxovirus infections in childhood and subsequent inflammatory bowel disease (1999) Gastroenterology, 116, pp. 796-803; 
Wold, A.E., The hygiene hypothesis revised: Is the rising frequency of allergy due to changes in the intestinal flora? (1998) Allergy, 53, pp. 20-25; 
Matricardi, P.M., Rosmini, F., Riondino, S., Exposure to foodborne and orofecal microbes versus airborne viruses in relation to atopy and allergic asthma: Epidemiological study (2000) BMJ, 320, pp. 412-417; 
Taylor, B., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Golding, J., Butler, N., Breast feeding, eczema, asthma and hay fever (1983) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 37, pp. 95-99; 
Bodner, C., Godden, D., Seaton, A., Family size, childhood infections and atopic diseases (1998) Thorax, 53, pp. 28-32; 
Montgomery, S.M., Pounder, R.E., Wakefield, A.J., Infant mortality and the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (1997) Lancet, 349, pp. 472-473; 
Walker-Smith, J.A., Murch, S.H., , p. 1999. , Diseases of the small intestine in childhood. 4th ed. Oxford: Isis Medical MediaUR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033816761&doi=10.1034%2fj.1398-9995.2000.00480.x&partnerID=40&md5=ea4a947d45b2ea439a1a9010ba4957c4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Does improvement in case ascertainment explain the increase in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease since 1970 in the United Kingdom?
T2  - American Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Am. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 152
IS  - 5
SP  - 474
EP  - 479
PY  - 2000
DO  - 10.1093/aje/152.5.474
SN  - 00029262 (ISSN) 
AU  - Cohen, C.H.
AD  - Institute for Animal Neurology, Berne University, Monitoring Group, Bern, Switzerland
AD  - BVET-Monitoring, P.O. Box, CH-3003, Bern, Switzerland
AB  - The aim of this study was to quantify the improvements in case ascertainment which are considered to explain the rise in the incidence of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The numbers of cases, falling into five 10-year age groups starting at the age of 30 and three calendar periods of report since 1970, were analyzed by Poisson regression, assuming a constant age distribution. The age-period and age-cohort models were applied and discussed. The age-period model showed that underreporting in 1970-1979 was greater among patients aged 70 years or older. The age-cohort model indicated that a cohort factor increased over the first half of the 20th century (e.g., the incidence in the generation born in 1940 was almost twice that in the generation born in 1920); this increase was probably an artifact due to the past underascertainment pattern. However, from a statistical viewpoint, both models lead to a good fit; the cohort factor may appear to be as relevant as the period factor in describing the trends in incidence. Thus, one can imagine an unlikely worst case scenario, assuming that an unknown cohort factor is involved. In that case, the age-cohort model gives more optimistic predictions than Neilson's model (BMJ 1996;312:1038-9). These results are consistent with both interpretations: The rise in incidence is governed by improvements in case ascertainment, and is greater among old people (the most accepted interpretation); this rise may depend on a cohort factor as well, which may correspond to the zoonotic hypothesis (a totally hypothetical interpretation). Interpreting the increase of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease over generations in terms of exposure to putative environmental factors is still a matter of debate; ongoing epidemiologic surveys may provide more information. Presently, this increase can be explained as an artifact due to the past underreporting pattern, with 79% (95% confidence interval: 56, 90) of the cases among persons aged ≥70 years being missed in 1970-1979.
KW  - Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Time factors
KW  - adult
KW  - age distribution
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - controlled study
KW  - Creutzfeldt Jakob disease
KW  - environmental factor
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - morbidity
KW  - mortality
KW  - statistics
KW  - time
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Bias (Epidemiology)
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome
KW  - Diagnosis, Differential
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :9
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJEPA
C2  - 10981462
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Cohen, C.H.; BVET-Monitoring, P.O. Box CH-3003, Bern, Switzerland; email: carine.cohen@bvet.admin.ch
N1  - References: Cousens, S., Zeidler, M., Esmonde, T., Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United Kingdom: Analysis of epidemio-logical surveillance data for 1970-96 (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 389-396; 
Van Duijn, C., Delasnerie-Laupetre, N., Masullo, C., Case-control study of risk factors of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Europe during 1993-95 (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 1081-1085; 
Gore, S., More than happenstance: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in farmers and young adults (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 1416-1418; 
Gore, S., Commentary: Age related exposure of patients to the agent of BSE should not be downplayed (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 397-398; 
Bruce, M., Will, R., Ironside, J., Transmissions to mice indicate that 'new variant' Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is caused by the BSE agent (1997) Nature, 389, pp. 498-501; 
Hill, A., Desbruslais, M., Joiner, S., The same prion strain causes vCJD and BSE (1997) Nature, 389, pp. 448-450; 
Wilesmith, J., Wells, G., Cranwell, M., Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Epidemiological studies (1988) Vet Rec, 123, pp. 638-644; 
Wilesmith, J., Ryan, J., Atkinson, M., Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Epidemiological studies on the origin (1991) Vet Rec, 128, pp. 199-203; 
Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. I. Age-period and age-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 449-467; 
Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. II. Age-period-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 469-481; 
Cohen, C., Valleron, A.-J., When did bovine spongiform encephalopathy start? Implications on the prediction of a new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (nvCJD) epidemic (1999) Int J Epidemiol, 28, pp. 526-531; 
McCullagh, P., Nelder, J., (1989), Generalized linear models. 2nd ed. (Monographs in statistics and applied probability, no. 37). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; Bruton, C., Bruton, R., Gentleman, S., Diagnosis and incidence of prion (Creutzfeldt-Jakob) disease: A retrospective archival survey with implications for future research (1995) Neurodegeneration, 4, pp. 357-368; 
Kieseppa, I., Akaike Information Criterion, curve-fitting, and the philosophical problem of simplicity (1997) Br J Philos Sci, 48, pp. 21-48; 
Aylin, P., Rooney, C., Drever, F., Increasing mortality from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in England and Wales since 1979: Ascertainment bias from increase in post-mortems? (1996) Popul Trends, 85, pp. 34-38; 
Davanipour, Z., Alter, M., Sobel, E., Transmissible virus dementia: Evaluation of a zoonotic hypothesis (1986) Neuroepidemiology, 5, pp. 196-206; 
Harries-Jones, R., Knight, R., Will, R., Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in England and Wales, 1980-84: A case-control study of potential risk factors (1988) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 51, pp. 1113-1119; 
Cuzick, J., Velez, R., Doll, R., International variations and temporal trends in mortality from multiple myeloma (1983) Int J Cancer, 32, pp. 13-19; 
Neilson, S., Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and the remoteness of risk to human populations (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 1038-1039; 
Wientjens, D., Risk factors for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: A reanalysis of case-control studies (1996) Neurology, 46, pp. 1287-1291; 
Will, R., Matthews, W., Smith, P., A retrospective study of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in England and Wales 1970-1979. II. Epidemiology (1986) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 49, pp. 749-755
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034282871&doi=10.1093%2faje%2f152.5.474&partnerID=40&md5=b455f67e96c5a73161a1532c9395e854
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Use of rubber dam and irrigant selection in UK general dental practice
T2  - International Endodontic Journal
J2  - Int. Endod. J.
VL  - 33
IS  - 5
SP  - 436
EP  - 441
PY  - 2000
SN  - 01432885 (ISSN) 
AU  - Whitworth, J.M.
AU  - Seccombe, G.V.
AU  - Shoker, K.
AU  - Steele, J.G.
AD  - Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Restorative Dentistry, Newcastle Dental School, Framlington Place, Newcastle, NE3 3DE, United Kingdom
AB  - Aim: To evaluate factors which influence rubber dam use and irrigant selection in UK National Health Service (NHS) endodontics. Methodology: A postal survey was conducted amongst two age cohorts of dentists, representing all of the 1970-73 (older) and 1990-93 (younger) graduates of two northern English dental schools (n = 643). Key and supplementary questions were posed on levels of rubber dam use, irrigant selection, and factors influencing practice in NHS endodontics. After manual checking, validated (dual) entry of responses was made to a flat ASCII data file before analysis with SPSS software. The threshold for statistical significance was set at the 95% probability level. Results: Eighty-five per cent of the valid sample responded to the questionnaire. Regardless of age and qualifying school, less than one-fifth of dentists always or frequently used rubber dam, whilst 60% never used it. Qualifying school had a significant influence on rubber dam use, whilst age had a variable influence. Major disincentives to the use of rubber dam included the perception that patients do not like it, that the NHS fee was inadequate to justify its use, that it took too long to apply, and that dentists had received inadequate training. Frequent users of rubber dam were significantly less likely to cite these disincentives than nonusers. Overall, local anaesthetic solution was the most common endodontic irrigant. Irrigant choice was strongly linked to rubber dam use, and to graduation cohort. Seventy-one per cent of rubber dam users irrigated with sodium hypochlorite, compared with only 38% of nonusers. This pattern was reversed for local anaesthetic irrigation. Younger graduates were significantly more likely to irrigate with local anaesthetic solution than their older counterparts, and the younger graduates of one school showed a highly significant increase in the use of chlorhexidine. Conclusions: 1) The majority of UK Health Service dentists never use rubber dam isolation in endodontic treatment. 2) Qualifying school has a significant impact on rubber dam use, and irrigant selection. 3) Use of rubber dam has a significant association with irrigant choice in endodontics.
KW  - General practice
KW  - Irrigants
KW  - Isolation
KW  - UK
KW  - biomedical and dental materials
KW  - chlorhexidine
KW  - hydrogen peroxide
KW  - hypochlorite sodium
KW  - local anesthetic agent
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - chi square distribution
KW  - clinical practice
KW  - dental education
KW  - dental equipment
KW  - general practice
KW  - human
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - statistics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - utilization review
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Anesthetics, Local
KW  - Chi-Square Distribution
KW  - Chlorhexidine
KW  - Dentist's Practice Patterns
KW  - General Practice, Dental
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hydrogen Peroxide
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Root Canal Irrigants
KW  - Rubber Dams
KW  - Schools, Dental
KW  - Sodium Hypochlorite
N1  - Cited By :48
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IENJE
C2  - 11307462
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Whitworth, J.M.; Department of Restorative Dentistry, Newcastle Dental School, Framlington Place, Newcastle, NE3 3DE, United Kingdom; email: J.M.Whitworth@ncl.ac.uk
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Anesthetics, Local; Chlorhexidine, 55-56-1; Hydrogen Peroxide, 7722-84-1; Root Canal Irrigants; Sodium Hypochlorite, 7681-52-9
N1  - References: A survey of endodontics in general practice in England (1983) British Dental Journal, 154, pp. 222-224; 
Bystrom, A., Sundqvist, G., Bacteriologic evaluation of the effect of 0.5 per cent sodium hypochlorite in endodontic therapy (1983) Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, 55, pp. 307-312; 
Bystrom, A., Happonen, R.-P., Sjögren, U., Sundqvist, G., Healing of periapical lesions of pulpless teeth after endodontic treatment with controlled asepsis (1987) Endodontics and Dental Traumatology, 3, pp. 58-63; 
Cohen, S.C., Endodontics and litigation: An American perspective (1989) International Dental Journal, 39, pp. 13-16; 
Ehrich, D.G., Brian, J.D., Walker, W.A., Sodium hypochlorite accident: Inadvertent injection into the maxillary sinus (1993) Journal of Endodontics, 19, pp. 180-182; 
Engstrom, B., Hard, A.F., Segerstad, L., Ramstrom, G., Frostell, G., Correlation of positive cultures with the prognosis for root canal treatment (1964) Odontologisk Revy, 15, pp. 257-270; 
Consensus report of the European Society of Endodontology on quality guidelines for endodontic treatment (1994) International Endodontic Journal, 27, pp. 115-124; 
Gergely, E.J., Rubber dam acceptance (1989) British Dental Journal, 167, pp. 249-252; 
Glickman, G.N., Preparation for treatment (1998) Pathways of the Pulp, 7th Edn., pp. 80-116. , Cohen S, Burns RC, eds. St Louis, MO: USA: Mosby; 
Going, R.E., Sawinski, V.J., Frequency of use of the rubber dam: A survey (1967) Journal of the American Dental Association, 75, pp. 158-166; 
Heling, I., Chandler, N.P., Antimicrobial effect of irrigant combinations within dentinal tubules (1998) International Endodontic Journal, 31, pp. 8-14; 
Heling, I., Sommer, M., Kot, I., Rubber dam - An essential safeguard (1988) Quintessence International, 88, pp. 377-378; 
Ireland, L., The rubber dam - Its advantages and application (1962) Texas Dental Journal, 80, pp. 6-15; 
Jones, C.M., Reid, J.S., Patient and operator attitudes to rubber dam (1988) Journal of Dentistry for Children, 55, pp. 452-454; 
Joynt, R.B., Davis, E.L., Schreier, P.H., Rubber dam usage among practicing dentists (1989) Operative Dentistry, 14, pp. 176-181; 
Lambrianidis, T., Beltes, P., Accidental swallowing of endodontic instruments (1996) Endodontics and Dental Traumatology, 12, pp. 301-304; 
Leonardo, M.R., Tanomaru M. Filho, Silva, L.A., Nelson P. Fihlo, Bonifacio, K.C., Ito, I.Y., In vivo antimicrobial activity of 2% chlorhexidine used as a root canal irrigating solution (1999) Journal of Endodontics, 25, pp. 167-171; 
McColl, E., Smith, M., Whitworth, J., Seccombe, G., Steele, J., Barriers to improving endodontic care: The views of NHS practitioners (1999) British Dental Journal, 186, pp. 64-68; 
Marshall, K., Page, J., The use of rubber dam in the UK (1990) British Dental Journal, 169, pp. 286-291; 
Molander, A., Reit, C., Dahlen, G., Microbiological root canal sampling: Diffusion of a technology (1996) International Endodontic Journal, 29, pp. 163-167; 
Moller, A.J.R., Fabricius, L., Dahlen, G., Hhman, A.E., Heyden, G., Influence on periapical tissues of indigenous oral bacteria and necrotic pulp tissue in monkeys (1981) Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research, 89, pp. 475-484; 
Nair, P.N.R., Sjögren, U., Krey, G., Kahnberg, K.-E., Sundqvist, G., Intraradicular bacteria and fungi in root-filled asymptomatic teeth with therapy-resistant periapical lesions: A long-term light and electron microscopic follow-up study (1990) Journal of Endodontics, 16, pp. 580-588; 
Nichols, E., Preparation of teeth for root canal treatment - Anaesthesia, isolation, surface sterilisation (1984) Endodontics, 4th Edn., pp. 102-117. , Nichols E, Bristol, England, UK: Wright; 
Oliet, S., Sorin, S.M., Evaluation of clinical results based upon culturing root canals (1969) Journal of the British Endodontic Society, 3, pp. 3-6; 
Pashley, E.L., Birdsong, N.L., Bowman, K., Pashley, D.H., Cytotoxic effects of NaOCl on vital tissue (1985) Journal of Endodontics, 11, pp. 525-528; 
Qualtrough, A.J.E., Whitworth, J.M., Dummer, P.M.H., Preclinical Endodontology: An international comparison (1999) International Endodontic Journal, 32, pp. 406-414; 
Reekie, D., The future of dentistry - The evidence revolution (1998) British Dental Journal, 184, pp. 262-263; 
Reuter, J.E., The isolation of teeth and the protection of the patient during endodontic treatment (1983) International Endodontic Journal, 16, pp. 173-181; 
Saunders, W.P., Saunders, E.M., Coronal leakage as a cause of failure in root canal therapy: A review (1994) Endodontics and Dental Traumatology, 10, pp. 105-108; 
Silversin, J.B., Shafer, S.M., Sheiham, A., Smales, F.C., The teaching and practice of some aspects of endodontics in Great Britain (1975) Journal of Dentistry, 3, pp. 77-80; 
Sjögren, U., (1996) Success and Failure in Endodontics, , (Odontological Dissertation, 60) Umea, Sweden: Umea University; 
Sjögren, U., Figdor, D., Persson, S., Sundqvist, G., Influence of infection at the time of root filling on the outcome of endodontic treatment for teeth with apical periodontitis (1997) International Endodontic Journal, 30, pp. 297-306; 
Sundqvist, G., (1976) Bacteriological Studies of Necrotic Dental Pulps, , (Odontological Dissertation, 7). Umea, Sweden: University of Umea; 
Wadachi, R., Araki, K., Suda, H., Effect of calcium hydroxide on the dissolution of soft tissues on the root canal wall (1998) Journal of Endodontics, 24, pp. 326-330; 
White, R.R., Hayes, G.L., Janer, L.R., Residual antimicrobial activity after canal irrigation with chlorhexidine (1997) Journal of Endodontics, 23, pp. 229-231; 
Zedlow, B.J., Ingle, J.I., Correlation of the positive cultures to the prognosis of endodontically treated teeth: A clinical study (1963) Journal of the American Dental Association, 66, pp. 9-13
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Time trends and sex patterns in Hodgkin's disease incidence in Canada, 1970-1995
T2  - Canadian Journal of Public Health
J2  - Can. J. Public Health
VL  - 91
IS  - 3
SP  - 188
EP  - 192
PY  - 2000
SN  - 00084263 (ISSN) 
AU  - Liu, S.
AU  - Semenciw, R.
AU  - Waters, C.
AU  - Wen, S.W.
AU  - Mao, Y.
AD  - Cancer Bureau, Bldg. 6, AL 0601C1, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ont. K1A 0L2, Canada
AB  - Purpose: To examine time trends and sex patterns in Hodgkin's disease incidence in Canada, from 1970 through 1995. Method: In addition to analyses of the secular trends and sex ratio in incidence rates, age-period-cohort models were fitted to estimate the effects on the trends. Age-specific male/female incidence rate ratios were examined for the disease and for its two major histologic subtypes. Results: The overall age-adjusted incidence rate of Hodgkin's disease decreased significantly in males (3.5 per 100,000 in 1970-71 to 2.8 in 1994-95) but only slightly in females (2.4 per 100,000 to 2.3). There was a significant increase in the incidence among females aged 10-29 and among males aged 10-24, but a dramatic decrease among older ages. Age-period-cohort modelling showed that birth cohort and period effects were responsible for the observed trends in males and females, respectively. Conclusion: The risk factors responsible for Hodgkin's disease are different in females and males. Reproductive factors are likely to be associated with the occurrence of the disease in young women.
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - birth
KW  - Canada
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - gender
KW  - Hodgkin disease
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - model
KW  - risk factor
KW  - time
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Canada
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Hodgkin Disease
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Sex Distribution
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :21
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CJPEA
C2  - 10927846
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Mao, Y.; Cancer Bureau, Bldg. 6, AL 0601C1, Tunney's Pasture, Ottawa, Ont. K1A 0L2, Canada
N1  - References: (1997), pp. 13-25. , National Cancer Institute of Canada (NCIC). Canadian Cancer Statistics Toronto: NCIC; Coleman, M.P., Esteve, J., Damiecki, P., (1993), pp. 673-704. , Trends in cancer incidence and mortality. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, (IARC Sci Publ no. 121); Mueller, N.E., Hodgkin's disease (1995), 2, pp. 893-919. , Peckham M, Pinedo H, Veronesi U (Eds.), Oxford Textbook of Oncology Oxford: Oxford University Press; Chen, Y.T., Zheng, T., Chou, M.C., The increase of Hodgkin's disease incidence among young adults: Experience in Connecticut (1935) Cancer, 79, pp. 2209-2218; 
Glaser, S.L., Recent incidence and secular trends in Hodgkin's disease and its histologic subtypes (1986) J Chron Dis, 39, pp. 789-798; 
Spitz, M.R., Sider, J.G., Johnson, C.C., (1986) J Natl Cancer Inst, 76, pp. 235-239. , Ethnic patterns of Hodgkin's disease incidence among children and adolescents in the United States, 1973-82; 
Jarrett, R.F., Gallagher, R.F., Jones, D.B., Detection of Epstein-Barr virus genomes in Hodgkin's disease: Relation to age (1986) J Chron Dis, 39, pp. 789-798; 
Glaser, S.L., Lin, R.J., Stewart, S.L., Epstein-Barr virus-associated Hodgkin's disease: Epidemiologic characteristics in international data (1997) Int J Cancer, 70, pp. 375-382; 
Rabkin, C.S., Biggar, R.J., Baptiste, M.S., Cancer incidence trends in women at high risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (1993) Int J Cancer, 55, pp. 208-212; 
Jarrett, R.F., Hodgkin's disease (1992) Bailliere's Clin Haematol, 5, pp. 57-79; 
Glaser, S.L., Reproductive factors in Hodgkin's disease in women: A review (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 139, pp. 237-246; 
Band, P.R., Gaudette, L., Hill, G.B., (1993), pp. 16-21. , The making of the Canadian cancer registry: Cancer incidence in Canada and its regions, 1969 to 1988. Ottawa: Canadian Council of Cancer Registries; Gaudette, L., Lee, L., (1997), pp. xiv-xvii. , Cancer incidence in Canada, 1969-1993. Ottawa: Ministry of Industry (catalogue 82-566-XPB); Kleinbaum, D.G., Kupper, L.L., Muller, K.E., Dummy variables in regression (1988), pp. 271-272. , Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariable Methods. Boston: PWS-KENT Publishing Company; Parkin, D.M., Muir, C.S., Whelan, S.L., (1992), 6, pp. 865-870. , Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, (IARC Sci Publ no. 120); Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates, I: Age-period and age-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 449-467; 
Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates, II: Age-period-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 469-481; 
Holford, T.R., Understanding the effects of age, period, and cohort on incidence and mortality rates (1991) Annu Rev Public Health, 12, pp. 425-457; 
Holford, T.R., Analysing the effects of age, period, and cohort (1992) Stat Meth Med Res, 1, pp. 317-337; 
Glaser, S.L., Swartz, W.G., Time trends in Hodgkin's disease incidence: The role of diagnostic accuracy (1990) Cancer, 66, pp. 2196-2204; 
Ford, D., Nault, F., (1996) Health Rep, 8, pp. 39-46. , Changing fertility patterns, 1974 to 1994; 
Miller, A.B., Barclay, T.H.C., Choi, N.W., A study of cancer, parity and age at first pregnancy (1980) J Chron Dis, 33, pp. 595-605; 
Olsson, H., Olsson, M.L., Ranstam, J., Late age at first full-term pregnancy as a risk factor for women with malignant lymphoma (1990) Neoplasma, 37, pp. 185-191
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The decline in the mortality rates of cervical cancer and a plausible explanation in Shandong, China
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Int. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 29
IS  - 3
SP  - 398
EP  - 404
PY  - 2000
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Li, H.-Q.
AU  - Jin, S.-Q.
AU  - Xu, H.-X.
AU  - Thomas, D.B.
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiology and Statistics, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 89 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, China
AD  - Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Res. Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, United States
AD  - Fred Hutchinson Cancer Res. Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N MP-474, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, United States
AB  - Background. The aim of the present study is to describe the temporal trends in mortality rates of cervical cancer in Shandong Province, China, and to elucidate their likely explanations. Methods. Three retrospective surveys of all causes of death in 1970-1974, 1985-1989 and 1990-1992 in Shandong were carried out. An age-period-cohort analysis based on similar survey data from Qixia, a county in Shandong, from 1970 to 1994 was performed. A correlation analysis between prevalence of syphilis and cervical cancer mortality rates three decades later was conducted. A cross-sectional survey of risk factors for cervical cancer was conducted in 1991 in one city and 12 villages in the province. Results. A marked decline in cervical cancer mortality rates was observed from 1970 to 1992 and in successive birth cohorts from 1892 to 1927, and rates remained relatively constant in subsequent birth cohorts through that of 1952. The decline in these rates was strongly correlated with a decline in positive serological tests for syphilis 32 years previously. The percentages of women with selected risk factors were lower in younger women (30-54 years) than in older women (55-69 years) in both cities and rural areas. Conclusion. These trends are compatible with a decrease in risk of exposure to sexually transmitted factors at an early age after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, and a decline in lifetime duration of exposure to possible co-factors in successive birth cohorts who reached sexual maturity before that time.
KW  - Age-period-cohort analysis
KW  - Cervical cancer
KW  - Correlation study
KW  - Cross-sectional study
KW  - Decline mortality
KW  - cancer
KW  - health risk
KW  - mortality
KW  - womens health
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age distribution
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cancer epidemiology
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - China
KW  - city
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - priority journal
KW  - retrospective study
KW  - risk factor
KW  - rural area
KW  - sexual maturity
KW  - syphilis
KW  - uterine cervix cancer
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - China
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Sexually Transmitted Diseases
KW  - Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
KW  - China
N1  - Cited By :25
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJEPB
C2  - 10869309
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Thomas, D.B.; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Ctr., Program in Epidemiology, 1100 Fairview Ave N MP-474, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, United States
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Parkin, D.M., Muir, C.S., Whelan, S.L., Gao, Y.T., Ferlay, J., Powell, J., (1992) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, 6. , IARC Scientific Publication No. 120. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 
Parkin, D.M., Muir, C.S., Whelan, S.L., Ferlay, J., Raymond, L., Young, J., (1997) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, 7. , IARC Scientific Publication No. 143. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 
Wu, L.Y., Semenya, K.A., Hardy, R.E., Cancer rate differentials between blacks and whites in three metropolitan areas: A 10-year comparison (1998) J Nat Med Assoc, 90, pp. 410-416; 
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Vioque, J., Fenollar, J., The distribution of cervical cancer mortality in Spain (1981-1986). An ecological study (1995) Med Clin, 104, pp. 287-292; 
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Straton, J.A., Holman, C.D., Edwards, B.M., Cervical cancer screening in Western Australia in 1992: Progress since 1983 (1993) Med J Aust, 159, pp. 65-71; 
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Faggiano, F., Partanen, T., Kogevinas, M., (1997) Socioeconomic Differences in Cancer Incidence and Mortality, pp. 65-176. , IARC Scientific Publications No. 138. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 
Franco, E.L., Filho, N.C., Villa, L.L., Correlation patterns of cancer relative frequencies with some socio economic and demographic indicators in Brazil: An ecologic study (1988) Int J Cancer, 41, pp. 24-29; 
Coleman, M.P., Esteve, J., Damiecki, P., Arslan, A., Renard, H., World health organization international agency for research on cancer (1993) Trends in Cancer Incidence and Mortality, pp. 42-446. , IARC Scientific Publications No. 121. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 
Li, H.Q., Jin, S.K., Wu, F., A method of survival analysis for patients with cervical cancer in Cangshan county, Shandong (1993) Chin J Health Stat, 10, p. 29; 
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Peng, H.Q., Liu, S.L., Mann, V., Human papilloma virus types 16 and 33, herpes simples virus type 2 and other risk factors for cervical cancer in Sichuan province, China (1991) Int J Cancer, 7, pp. 711-716; 
Donnan, S.P.B., Wong, F.W.S., Ho, S.C., Reproductive and sexual risk factors and human papilloma virus infection in cervical cancer among Hong Kong Chinese (1989) Int J Epidemiol, 18, pp. 32-36; 
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Thomas, D.B., Ray, R.M., Pardthaisong, T., Prostitution, condom use, and invasive squamous cell cervical cancer in Thailand (1996) Am J Epidemiol, 143, pp. 779-786; 
Sanchez-Vega, J.T., Torres, M.E., Tay-Zavala, J., Frequency of intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix and risk factors in women in Mexico City (1997) Ginecol Obstet Mex, 65, pp. 3-7; 
Biswas, L.N., Manna, B., Maiti, P.K., Sexual risk factors for cervical cancer among rural Indian women: A case-control study (1997) Int J Epidemiol, 26, pp. 491-495; 
Munoz, N., Bosch, F.X., Cervical cancer and human papillomavirus: Epidemiological evidence and perspective for prevention (1997) Salud Pitblica Mex, 39, pp. 274-282; 
De Sanjose, S., Bosch, F.X., Munoz, N., (1997) Social Differences in Sexual Behaviour and Cervical Cancer, pp. 309-317. , Lyon: IARC Scientific Publication No. 138. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 
Yoo, K.Y., Kang, D., Koo, H.W., Risk factors associated with uterine cervical cancer in Korea: A case-control study with special reference to sexual behavior (1997) J Epidemiol, 7, pp. 117-123; 
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Daling, J.R., Madeleine, M.M., McKnight, B., The relationship of human papillomavirus-related cervical tumors to cigarette smoking, oral contraceptive use, and prior herpes simplex virus type 2 infection (1996) Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev, 5, pp. 541-548; 
Gomes, C., Dias, M., Falcao, F., Serologic profile of some sexually transmitted diseases in women with squamous intraepithelial lesions (1998) Eur J Gynaecol Oncol, 19, pp. 135-137; 
Chichareon, S., Herrero, R., Munoz, N., Risk factors for cervical cancer in Thailand: A case-control study (1998) J Natl Cancer Inst, 90, pp. 50-57; 
Ngelangel, C., Munoz, N., Bosch, F.X., Causes of cervical cancer in the Philippines: A case-control study (1998) J Natl Cancer Inst, 90, pp. 43-49; 
Svare, E.I., Kjaer, S.K., Worm, A.M., Risk factors for HPV infection in women from sexually transmitted disease clinics: Comparison between two areas with different cervical cancer incidence (1998) Int J Cancer, 75, pp. 1-8; 
Svare, E.I., Kjaer, S.K., Smits, H.L., Risk factors for hpv detection in archival Pap smears. A population-based study from Greenland and Denmark (1998) Eur J Cancer, 34, pp. 1230-1234; 
Han, C.P., Tsao, Y.P., Sun, C.A., Human papillomavirus, cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus infections for cervical cancer in Taiwan (1997) Cancer Lett, 120, pp. 217-221; 
Reyes-Maldonado, E., Diaz-Fuente, L.A., Gonzalez-Bonilla, C.V., Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by immunofluorescence, Papanicolaou and immunoperoxidase in women with leucorrhea (1996) Rev Latinoam Microbiol, 38, pp. 65-73; 
Castellsague, X., Ghaffari, A., Daniel, R.W., Prevalence of penile human Papillomavirus DNA in husbands of women with and without cervical neoplasia: A study in Spain and Colombia (1997) J Infect Dis, 176, pp. 353-361; 
Birley, H.D., Human Papillomaviruses, cervical cancer and the developing world (1995) Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 89, pp. 453-463; 
Matsuura, Y., Kawagoe, T., Toki, N., Low grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia associated with human Papillomavirus infection. Long-term follow-up (1998) Acta Cytol, 42, pp. 625-630; 
La Ruche, G., You, B., Mensah-Ado, I., Papillomavirus and human immunodeficiency virus infections: Relation with cervical dysplasianeoplasia in African women (1998) Int J Cancer, 76, pp. 480-486; 
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Schiffman, M.H., New epidemiology of human papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia (1995) J Natl Cancer Inst, 87, pp. 1345-1347; 
Yang, G., Xue, H.S., He, Y.J., Ma, J.M., The results of the behavior risk factors and community environment surveillance related STD/HIV in 8 cities of China (1998) Int Conf AIDS, 12, p. 234; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Incidence of depression in the Stirling County Study: Historical and comparative perspectives
T2  - Psychological Medicine
J2  - Psychol. Med.
VL  - 30
IS  - 3
SP  - 505
EP  - 514
PY  - 2000
DO  - 10.1017/S0033291799002044
SN  - 00332917 (ISSN) 
AU  - Murphy, J.M.
AU  - Laird, N.M.
AU  - Monson, R.R.
AU  - Sobol, A.M.
AU  - Leighton, A.H.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129-2000, United States
AB  - Background. The Stirling County Study provides a 40-year perspective on the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in an adult population in Atlantic Canada. Across samples selected in 1952, 1970 and 1992 current prevalence of depression was stable. This paper concerns time trends in annual incidence as assessed through cohorts selected from the first two samples. Methods. Consistent interview data were analysed by a computerized diagnostic algorithm. The cohorts consisted of subjects at risk for a first depression: Cohort-1 (N = 575) was followed 1952-1970; Cohort-2 (N = 639) was followed 1970-1992. Life-table methods were used to calculate incidence rates and proportional hazards procedures were used for statistical assessment. Results. Average annual incidence of depression was 4.5 per 1000 for Cohort-1 and 3.7 for Cohort-2. Differences by gender, age and time were not statistically significant. The stability of incidence and the similarity of distribution by gender and age in these two cohorts corresponds to findings about the two early samples. In contrast, current prevalence in the recent sample was distributed differently and showed an increase among women under 45 years. Conclusions. The stability of the incidence of depression emphasizes the distinctive characteristics of current prevalence in the recent sample and suggests that the dominance of women in rates of depression may have occurred among those born after the Second World War. The results offer partial support for the interpretation of an increase in depression based on retrospective data in other recent studies but they indicate that the increase is specific to women.
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - algorithm
KW  - article
KW  - Canada
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - data analysis
KW  - depression
KW  - female
KW  - gender
KW  - high risk population
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - interview
KW  - life table
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - prevalence
KW  - retrospective study
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Canada
KW  - Depressive Disorder
KW  - Epidemiologic Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Reference Values
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Sex Factors
N1  - Cited By :70
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PSMDC
C2  - 10883707
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Murphy, J.M.; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129-2000, United States
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Murphy, J.M., Sobol, A.M., Neff, R.K., Olivier, D.C., Leighton, A.H., Stability of prevalence: Depression and anxiety disorders (1984) Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, pp. 990-997; 
Murphy, J.M., Neff, R.K., Sobol, A.M., Rice, J.X., Olivier, D.C., Computer diagnosis of depression and anxiety: The Stirling County Study (1985) Psychological Medicine, 15, pp. 99-112; 
Murphy, J.M., Olivier, D.C., Sobol, A.M., Monson, R.R., Leighton, A.H., Diagnosis and outcome: Depression and anxiety in a general population (1986) Psychological Medicine, 16, pp. 117-126; 
Murphy, J.M., Monson, R.R., Olivier, D.C., Sobol, A.M., Leighton, A.H., Affective disorders and mortality: A general population study (1987) Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, pp. 473-480; 
Murphy, J.M., Olivier, D.C., Monson, R.R., Sobol, A.M., Leighton, A.H., Incidence of depression and anxiety: The Stirling County Study (1988) American Journal of Public Health, 78, pp. 534-540; 
Murphy, J.M., Sobol, A.M., Olivier, D.C., Monson, R.R., Leighton, A.H., Pratt, L.A., Prodromes of depression and anxiety: The Stirling County Study (1989) British Journal of Psychiatry, 155, pp. 490-495; 
Murphy, J.M., Olivier, D.C., Monson, R.R., Sobol, A.M., Federman, E.B., Leighton, A.H., Depression and anxiety in relation to social status: A prospective epidemiologic study (1991) Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, pp. 223-229; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034047933&doi=10.1017%2fS0033291799002044&partnerID=40&md5=c68c1fe46689924f36b2f06653e8a5c5
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - An age, period and cohort analysis of pleural cancer mortality in Europe
T2  - European Journal of Cancer Prevention
J2  - Eur.J. Cancer Prev.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
SP  - 179
EP  - 184
PY  - 2000
DO  - 10.1097/00008469-200006000-00006
SN  - 09598278 (ISSN) 
AU  - La Vecchia, C.
AU  - Decarli, A.
AU  - Peto, J.
AU  - Levi, F.
AU  - Tomei, F.
AU  - Negri, E.
AD  - Ist. di Ric. Farmacologiche M., Milan, Italy
AD  - Ist. di Stat. Medica e Biometria, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
AD  - Ist. Naz. per lo Stud. e la Cura, Milan, Italy
AD  - Section of Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
AD  - Registre Vaudois des Tumeurs, Inst. Univ. de Medecine Social., Lausanne, Switzerland
AD  - Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Università 'La Sapienza', Rome, Italy
AB  - Death certification data from pleural cancer in eight European countries providing data to the World Health Organization database over the period 1970-1994 were analysed using a log-linear Poisson model to disentangle the effects of age, birth cohort and period of death. The age effect reached values between 10 and 15/100 000 males at age 80-84 in most countries, except Hungary (6.7), Switzerland (18.0), France (20.6) and the Netherlands (36.5). Cohort effects were steadily and appreciably upwards in all countries up to the generations born in 1940 or 1945, and levelled off for the 1950 cohort, except in Hungary, where persistent rises were observed. Thus, most rises in pleural cancer mortality in Europe were on a cohort of birth basis. Since most pleural cases were asbestos-related mesotheliomas, and since asbestos has an early-stage effect on subsequent mesothelioma risk, exposure early in life is important for determining the subsequent mesothelioma risk of each generation. Consequently, the data indicate that the peak mortality from pleural cancer in most western European countries will be reached in the first decades of the 21st century, i.e. around 2010-2020, when the generations born between 1940 and 1950 will reach the peak age for mesothelioma incidence and mortality. This contrasts with US data, where the peak of pleural cancer incidence has been reached at the end of the 20th century, and reflects a delay in adopting adequate prevention measures since the 1940-1945 generations entered the workforce in the 1960s, when cancer risk from asbestos exposure was already recognized. (C) 2000 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
KW  - Age-revised-cohort models
KW  - Europe
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Pleural cancer
KW  - asbestos
KW  - article
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - death certificate
KW  - Europe
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - pleura cancer
KW  - priority journal
KW  - world health organization
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Aged
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Europe
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Pleural Neoplasms
KW  - Poisson Distribution
KW  - Registries
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Survival Analysis
N1  - Cited By :39
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EJUPE
C2  - 10954257
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: La Vecchia, C.; Ist. Ricerche Farmacol. 'M. Negri', Ist. Statistica Medica e Biometria, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The influence of childhood weight and socioeconomic status on change in adult body mass index in a British national birth cohort
T2  - International Journal of Obesity
J2  - Int. J. Obes.
VL  - 24
IS  - 6
SP  - 725
EP  - 734
PY  - 2000
SN  - 03070565 (ISSN) 
AU  - Hardy, R.
AU  - Wadsworth, M.
AU  - Kuh, D.
AD  - Med. Res. Cncl. Natl. Survey of H., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Roy. Free/Univ. Coll. Med. School, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Med. Res. Cncl. Natl. Survey of H., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Roy. Free/Univ. Coll. Med. School, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of childhood weight and childhood socioeconomic status on the pattern of change in body mass index (BMI) between 20 and 43 years. METHODS: A British birth cohort study where the survey members have been followed up regularly since their birth in 1946, with the most recent of 19 follow-ups when the cohort were aged 43 years. BMI was available at 20, 26, 36 and 43 years of age and thus multilevel models for repeated outcome measures were used to model the patterns of change in BMI. RESULTS: The rate of increase in BMI with age was non-linear, with the rate of increase in mean BMI accelerating with increasing age at different rates for men and women. The mean BMI for men was higher than that for women at all ages. Childhood manual social class, defined in terms of father's occupation, and high relative weight at 14 years of age were associated with higher mean BMI across adult life, and these effects increased with age. The effects of childhood relative weight and social class were independent of educational attainment and adult social class. CONCLUSION: The study provides evidence of a long-term effect of childhood social and biological circumstances on BMI. The pathways underlying these relationships may be social or biological, but are not yet fully understood.
KW  - Body mass index
KW  - Change
KW  - Childhood
KW  - Cohort study
KW  - Socioeconomic status
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - body mass
KW  - body weight
KW  - childhood
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - normal human
KW  - priority journal
KW  - sex difference
KW  - social status
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Body Weight
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Models, Statistical
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Sex Characteristics
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Weight Gain
N1  - Cited By :115
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJOBD
C2  - 10878679
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hardy, R.; Res. Council Natl. Surv. Hlth. Dev., Dept. Epidemiol. Public Health, Royal Free Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; email: rebecca.hardy@ucl.ac.uk
N1  - Funding details: Academy of Medical Royal Colleges, Academy of Medical Royal Colleges
N1  - Funding details: National Council for Forest Research and Development, National Council for Forest Research and Development
N1  - Funding details: Iowa Department of Public Health, Iowa Department of Public Health
N1  - Funding details: LONDON WC1E 6BT, School of Pharmacy, University College London, School of Pharmacy, University College London
N1  - Funding details: National Health and Medical Research Council, National Health and Medical Research Council
N1  - Funding details: Research Councils UK, Research Councils UK
N1  - Funding text: 1Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Royal Free & University College Medical School, London, UK
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Sonne-Holme, S., Sorensen, T.I.A., Prospective study of attainment of social class of severely obese subjects in relation to parental social class, intelligence, and education (1986) BMJ, 292, pp. 586-589; 
Sorensen, T.I.A., Socio-economic aspects of obesity: Causes or effects? (1995) Int J Obes, 19 (SUPPL. 6), pp. S6-S8; 
Sargent, I.D., Blanchflower, D.G., Obesity and stature in adolescence and earnings in young adulthood (1994) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 148, pp. 681-687; 
Bao, W., Srinivasan, S.R., Valdez, R., Greenlund, K.J., Wattigney, W.A., Berenson, G.S., Longitudinal changes in cardiovascular risk from childhood to young adulthood in offspring of parents with coronary artery disease (1997) JAMA, 278, pp. 1749-1754; 
Braddon, F.E.M., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Davies, J.M.C., Cripps, H.A., Social and regional differences in food and alcohol consumption and their measurement in a national birth cohort (1988) J Epidemiol Community Health, 42, pp. 341-349; 
Blaxter, M., (1990) Health and Lifestyles, , Routledge: London; 
Kuh, D.J.L., Cooper, C., Physical activity at 36 years: Patterns and predictors in a longitudinal study (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 114-119; 
(1989) General Household Survey 1986, , Series GHS, No. 16. HMSO: London; 
Goldthorpe, J.H., (1980) Social Mobility and Class Structure in Modern Britain, , Clarendon Press: Oxford; 
Halsey, A.H., Health, A.F., Ridge, J.M., (1980) Origins and Destinations: Family, Class and Education in Modern Britain, , Clarendon Press: Oxford; 
Britten, N., Models of intergenerational class mobility: Findings from the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) Br J Social, 32, pp. 224-238; 
Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M., Childhood influences on adult male earnings in a longitudinal study (1991) Br J Sociol, 42, pp. 537-555; 
Kuh, D., Head, J., Hardy, R., Wadsworth, M., The influence of education and family background on women's earnings in midlife: Evidence from a British national cohort study (1997) Br J Social Education, 18, pp. 385-405; 
Douglas, J.W.B., (1964) The Home and the School, , MacGibbon & Kee: London; 
Wald, N., Kiryluk, S., Barby, S., Doll, R., Pike, M., Peto, R., (1988) U.K. Smoking Statistics, , Oxford University Press: Oxford; 
Albanes, D., Jones, Y., Micozzi, M.S., Mattson, M.E., Associations between smoking and body weight in the US population analysis of NHANES II (1987) Am J Public Health, 77, pp. 439-444; 
Ravelli, G.-P., Stein, Z.A., Susser, M.W., Obesity in young men after famine exposure in utero and early infancy (1976) New Eng J Med, 295, pp. 349-353; 
Prynne, C.J., Paul, A.A., Price, G.M., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Social class differences in foods eaten by a national sample of four-year old children in 1950 Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, , in press; 
Wang-Clow, F., Lange, M., Laird, N.M., Ware, J.H., A simulation study of estimators for rates of change in longitudinal studies with attrition (1995) Stat Med, 14, pp. 283-297; 
Park, T., Lee, S.-Y., A test of missing completely at random for longitudinal data with missing observations (1997) Stat Med, 16, pp. 1859-1871
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Social and behavioural influences on the uptake of hormone replacement therapy among younger women
T2  - British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
J2  - Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol.
VL  - 107
IS  - 6
SP  - 731
EP  - 739
PY  - 2000
SN  - 03065456 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kuh, D.
AU  - Hardy, R.
AU  - Wadsworth, M.
AD  - Med. Res. Cncl. Natl. Survey of H., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., London, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC Natl. Survey of Hlth. and Devmt., UCLMS, Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Hlth., 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective. To describe the social and behavioural influences on the uptake of hormone replacement therapy before the age of 50. Design. Nationally representative birth cohort study with detailed hormone replacement therapy histories and prospective data on health, social and behavioural factors collected throughout life. Setting. England, Scotland and Wales. Population. General population sample of 1572 women followed to the age of 50 years. Main outcome measure. Age at first hormone replacement therapy use. Results. By the age of 50 years, 45% of women had tried hormone replacement therapy and one third were current users. Over two-fifths of users had tried more than one preparation and over one quarter had episodic use. For the vast majority, prescribing conformed to current guidelines. More educated women took hormone replacement therapy for long term prevention compared with their less educated peers. Hysterectomy increased the chances of taking hormone replacement therapy, particularly where an oophorectomy had also been performed, and was associated with longer and more continuous use. Results of a Cox's proportional hazards model showed that the age at which first hormone replacement therapy is used by women who have not had a hysterectomy was influenced by previous contact with health services for menstrual disorders, previous use of oral contraception and cigarettes, past reporting of health problems and low social class. The relation between smoking and low social class with early use of hormone replacement therapy may be due to their association with early menopause. Conclusions. The trend over the last two decades towards greater use of hormone replacement therapy has continued unabated for younger women. So far, hormone replacement therapy users in this generation have had less healthy lifestyles and social advantages than nonusers, in contrast to many older mainly American studies based on earlier generations. This may have long term implications for health and health care as the postwar baby boom generation ages.
KW  - estradiol plus norethisterone acetate
KW  - estradiol valerate plus norethisterone
KW  - estradiol valerate plus norgestrel
KW  - estrogen
KW  - kliofen
KW  - medroxyprogesterone acetate plus estradiol
KW  - oral contraceptive agent
KW  - premique
KW  - prempak
KW  - tibolone
KW  - tridestra
KW  - trisequens
KW  - unclassified drug
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - drug use
KW  - early menopause
KW  - female
KW  - heart disease
KW  - hormone substitution
KW  - human
KW  - hysterectomy
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - menstruation disorder
KW  - osteoporosis
KW  - priority journal
KW  - sexual intercourse
KW  - smoking habit
KW  - social class
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Attitude to Health
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Behavior
KW  - Hormone Replacement Therapy
KW  - Humans
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Patient Acceptance of Health Care
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Social Behavior
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Social Conformity
KW  - Wales
N1  - Cited By :19
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJOGA
C2  - 10847228
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kuh, D.; MRC Natl. Survey Health Development, UCLMS, Dept. Epidemiology Public Health, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: estradiol valerate plus norethisterone, 62057-27-6; estradiol valerate plus norgestrel, 65394-89-0; prempak, 71538-66-4; tibolone, 5630-53-5; trisequens, 66100-41-2
N1  - Tradenames: climagest; cycloprogynova; estracomb; estrapak; kliofen; livial; nuvelle; premique; prempak; tridestra; trisequens
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Townsend, J., Hormone replacement therapy: Assessment of present use, costs and trends (1998) Br J Gen Pract, 48, pp. 955-958; 
Criqui, M.H., Surrez, K.A., Barrett-Connor, E., McPhilips, J., Wingard, D.L., Garland, C., Postmenopausal estrogen use and mortality (1988) Am J Epidemiol, 128, pp. 606-614; 
Matthews, K.A., Kuller, L.H., Wing, R.R., Prior to use of estrogen replacement therapy, are users healthier than nonusers? (1996) Am J Epidemiol, 143, pp. 971-978; 
Johannes, C.B., Crawford, S.L., Posner, J.G., McKinlay, S.M., Longitudinal patterns and correlates of hormone replacement therapy use in middle-aged women (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 140, pp. 439-451; 
Derby, C.A., Hume, A.L., McFarland Barbour, M., McPhillips, J.B., Lasater, T.M., Carleton, R.A., Correlates of postmenopausal estrogen use and trends through the 1980s in two Southeastern New England communities (1993) Am J Epidemiol, 137, pp. 1125-1135; 
Persson, J., Adami, H.-O., Bergstrom, R., Krusemo, U.-B., Hoove, R., Survival in women receiving hormone replacement therapy (1990) J Clin Epidemiol, 43, pp. 677-685; 
Hemminki, E., Malin, M., Topo, P., Selection to postmenopausal therapy by women's characteristics (1993) J Clin Epidemiol, 46, pp. 211-219; 
Barrett-Connor, E., Grady, D., Hormone replacement therapy, heart disease and other considerations (1998) Annu Rev Publ Health, 19, pp. 55-72; 
Barrett-Connor, E., Hormone replacement therapy (1998) BMJ, 317, pp. 457-461; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., Mann, S.L., Rodgers, B., Kuh, D.L., Hilder, W.S., Yusuf, E.F., Loss and representativeness in a 43 year follow-up of a national birth cohort (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 300-304; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., Kuh, D.J.L., Childhood influences on adult health: A review of recent work in the British 1946 national birth cohort study, the MRC National Survey of Health and Development (1997) Paediat Perinat Epidemiol, 11, pp. 2-20; 
Kuh, D.L., Wadsworth, M., Hardy, R., Women's health in midlife: The influence of the menopause, social factors and health in earlier life (1997) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 104, pp. 923-933; 
Kuh, D., Stirling, S., Socioeconomic variation in admission for diseases of female genital system and breast in a national cohort aged 15-43 (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 840-843; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., Cripps, H.A., Midwinter, R.A., Colley, J.R.T., Blood pressure at age 36 years and social and familial factors, cigarette smoking and body mass in a national birth cohort (1985) BMJ, 291, pp. 1534-1538; 
Braddon, F.E.M., Rodgers, B., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Davies, J.M.C., Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study (1986) BMJ, 293, pp. 299-303; 
Wing, J.K., Cooper, J.E., Sartorius, N., (1974) Present State Examination, , London: Cambridge University Press; 
Wing, J.K., Nixon, J.M., Mann, S.A., Leff, J.P., Reliability of the PSE (ninth edition) used in a population study (1977) Psychol Med, 7, pp. 505-516; 
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Braddon, F.E.M., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Davies, J.M.C., Cripps, H.A., Social and regional differences in food and alcohol consumption and their measurement in a national birth cohort (1988) J Epidemiol Com Health, 42, pp. 341-349; 
Kuh, D.J.L., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Physical health status at 36 years in a British national birth cohort (1993) Soc Sci Med, 37, pp. 905-916; 
Britten, N., Validity of claims to lifelong non-smoking at age 36 in a longitudinal study (1988) Int J Epidemiol, 17, pp. 525-529; 
Kuh, D.J.L., Cooper, C., Physical activity at 36 years: Patterns and childhood predictors in a longitudinal study (1992) J Epidemiol Com Health, 46, pp. 114-119; 
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Lancaster, T., Surman, G., Lawrence, M., Hormone replacement therapy: Characteristics of users and non-users in a British general practice cohort identified through computerised prescribing records (1995) J Epidemiol Com Health, 49, pp. 389-394; 
Grodstein, F., Stampfer, M.J., Manson, J.E., Postmenopausal estrogen and progestin use and the risk of cardiovascular disease (1996) N Engl J Med, 335, pp. 453-461; 
Egeland, G.M., Matthews, K.A., Kuller, L.H., Kelsey, S.F., Characteristics of noncontraceptive hormone users (1988) Prev Med, 17, pp. 403-411; 
Marks, N.F., Shinberg, D.S., Socioeconomic status differences in hormone therapy (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 148, pp. 1-13; 
Cauley, J.A., Cummings, S.R., Black, D.M., Mascioli, S.R., Seeley, D.G., Prevalence and determinants of estrogen use in a population study (1990) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 163, pp. 1438-1444; 
Persson, I., Adami, H.-O., Lindberg, B.S., Johansson, E.D.B., Manel, P., Characteristics of estrogen-treated women (1983) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 62, pp. 297-302; 
Barrett-Connor, E., Wingard, D.L., Criqui, M.H., Post-menopausal estrogen use and heat disease risk factors in the 1980 s (1989) JAMA, 261, pp. 2095-2100; 
Greenberg, G., Thompson, S.G., Meade, T.W., Relation between cigarette smoking and use of hormonal replacement therapy for menopausal symptoms (1987) J Epidemiol Com Health, 41, pp. 26-29; 
McKinlay, S.M., Bifano, N.L., McKinlay, J.B., Smoking and age at menopause in women (1985) Ann Intern Med, 103, pp. 350-356; 
Hardy, R., Kuh, D., Reproductive characteristics and the age at inception of perimenopause in a british national cohort (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 149, pp. 1-9; 
Kuh, D., Richards, M., Hardy, R., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Lifetime predictors of early menopause: Findings from a british birth cohort study (1999) J Br Menopause Soc, 4 (SUPPL. 1), p. 19; 
Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, G.A., Willett, W.C., Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease. Ten year follow-up from the Nurses Health Study (1991) N Engl J Med, 325, pp. 756-762; 
Brett, K.M., Madans, J.H., Use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy: Estimates from a nationally representative cohort study (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 145, pp. 536-545; 
Hunt, K., Vessey, M., McPherson, K., Coleman, M., Long-term surveillance of mortality and cancer incidence in women receiving hormone replacement therapy (1987) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 94, pp. 620-635; 
Rosenburg, L., Shapiro, D., Kaufman, D.W., Slone, D., Miettinen, O.S., Stolley, P.D., Patterns and determinants of conjugated estrogen use (1979) Am J Epidemiol, 109, pp. 676-686; 
Stadel, B.V., Weiss, N., Characteristics of menopausal women - A survey of King and Pierce counties in Washington, 1973-1974 (1975) Am J Epidemiol, 102, pp. 209-216; 
Standeven, M., Criqui, M.H., Klauber, M.R., Gabriel, S., Barrett-Connor, E., Correlates of change in postmenopausal estrogen use in a population-based study (1986) Am J Epidemiol, 124, pp. 268-274; 
Richards, M., Kuh, D.L., Hardy, R., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Lifetime cognitive function and timing of the natural menopause (1999) Neurology, 53, pp. 308-314; 
Bastian, L.A., Couchman, G.M., Rimer, B.K., McBride, C.M., Feaganes, J.R., Siegler, I.C., Perceptions of menopausal stage and patterns of hormone replacement therapy use (1997) J Women's Health, 6, pp. 467-475; 
Whitlock, E.P., Johnson, R.E., Vogt, T.M., Recent patterns of hormone replacement therapy use in a large managed care organization (1998) J Women's Health, 8, pp. 1017-1026; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cohort trends in youth suicide in Australia 1964-1997
T2  - Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
J2  - Aust. New Zealand J. Psychiatry
VL  - 34
IS  - 3
SP  - 408
EP  - 412
PY  - 2000
DO  - 10.1046/j.1440-1614.2000.00740.x
SN  - 00048674 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lynskey, M.
AU  - Degenhardt, L.
AU  - Hall, W.
AD  - Natl. Drug and Alcohol Res. Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
AB  - Objective: This paper examines trends in the rate of suicide among young Australians aged 15-24 years from 1964 to 1997 and presents an age-period-cohort analysis of these trends. Method: Study design consisted of an age-period-cohort analysis of suicide mortality in Australian youth aged between 15 and 24 for the years 1964-1997 inclusive. Data sources were Australian Bureau of Statistics data on: numbers of deaths due to suicide by gender and age at death; and population at risk in each of eight birth cohorts (1940-1944, 1945-1949, 1950-1954, 1955-1959, 1960-1964, 1965-1969, 1970-1974, and 1975-1979). Main outcome measures were population rates of deaths among males and females in each birth cohort attributed to suicide in each year 1964-1997. Results: The rate of suicide deaths among Australian males aged 15-24 years increased from 8.7 per 100,000 in 1964 to 30.9 per 100,000 in 1997, with the rate among females changing little over the period, from 5.2 per 100,000 in 1964 to 7.1 per 100,000 in 1997. While the rate of deaths attributed to suicide increased over the birth cohorts, analyses revealed that these increases were largely due to period effects, with suicide twice as likely among those aged 15-24 years in 1985-1997 than between 1964 and 1969. Conclusions: The rate of youth suicide in Australia has increased since 1964, particularly among males. This increase can largely be attributed to period effects rather than to a cohort effect and has been paralleled by an increased rate of youth suicides internationally and by an increase in other psychosocial problems including psychiatric illness, criminal offending and substance use disorders.
KW  - Australia
KW  - Cohort effects
KW  - Period effects
KW  - Suicide
KW  - Youth
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - Australia
KW  - criminal behavior
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mental disease
KW  - substance abuse
KW  - suicide
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Australia
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Suicide
N1  - Cited By :25
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ANZPB
C2  - 10881964
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lynskey, M.; National Drug Alcohol Research Ctr., University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; email: molynskey@unsw.edu.au
N1  - References: (1997) Causes of Death, Australia, , Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics; 
(1996) The Progress of Nations, , New York: UNICEF; 
Baume, P., Suicide in Australia: Do we really have a problem? (1996) Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist, 13, pp. 3-39; 
Cantor, C.H., De Neulinger, K., Leo, D., Australian suicide trends 1964-1997: Youth and beyond? (1999) Australian Medical Journal, 171, pp. 137-141; 
Cantor, C.H., Neulinger, K., Roth, J., Spinks, D., (1999) The Epidemiology of Suicide and Attempted Suicide among Young Australians, , Canberra: National Health and Medical Research Council; 
Diekstra, R.F.W., Kienhorst, C.W.M., De Wilde, E.J., Suicide and suicidal behaviour among adolescents (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People: Time Trends and Their Causes, pp. 686-761. , Rutter M, Smith DJ, eds. Chichester: John Wiley; 
Kupper, L.L., Janis, J.M., Karmous, A., Greenberg, B.G., Statistical age-period-cohort analysis: A review and critique (1985) Journal of Chronic Diseases, 38, pp. 811-830; 
(1997) Stata Statistical Software: Release 5.0, , College Station, TX: Stata Corporation; 
Goldney, R.D., Katsikitis, M., Cohort analysis of suicide rates in Australia (1983) Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, pp. 71-74; 
Granizo, J.J., Guallar, E., Rodriguez-Artalejo, F., Age-period-cohort analysis of suicide mortality rates in Spain, 1959-1991 (1996) International Journal of Epidemiology, 25, pp. 814-820; 
La Vecchia, C., Bollini, P., Imazio, C., Decarli, A., Age, period of death and birth cohort effects on suicide mortality in Italy 1955-1979 (1986) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 74, pp. 137-143; 
Hafner, H., Schmidtke, A., Do cohort effects influence suicide rates? (1985) Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, pp. 926-927; 
Reed, J., Camus, J., Coum, B., Last, J.M., Suicide in Canada: Birth cohort analysis (1985) Canadian Journal of Public Health, 76, pp. 43-47; 
Murphy, E., Lindesay, J., Grandy, E., 60 years of suicide in England and Wales (1986) Archives of General Psychiatry, 43, pp. 969-976; 
Woodbury, Ma., Manton, K.G., Blazer, D., Trends in US suicide mortality rates, 1969-1982: Race and sex differences in age, period and cohort components (1988) International Journal of Epidemiology, 17, pp. 356-361; 
Hall, W., Degenhardt, L., Lynskey, M.T., Cohort trends in overdose mortality in Australia 1964-1996: A window on post-war trends in heroin use (1999) Medical Journal of Australia, 171, pp. 34-37; 
The changing rate of major depression: Cross-national comparisons (1992) Journal of the American Medical Association, 268, pp. 3098-3105; 
Fombonne, E., Depressive disorders: Time trends and possible explanatory mechanisms (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People: Time Trends and Their Causes, pp. 616-685. , Rutter M, Smith DJ, eds. Chichester: John Wiley; 
Robins, L.N., Tipp, J., Przybeck, T., Antisocial personality (1991) Psychiatric Disorders in America: the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, pp. 258-290. , Robins LN, Regier DA, eds. New York: Free Press; 
Smith, D.J., Youth crime and conduct disorders: Trends, patterns and causal explanations (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People: Time Trends and Their Causes, pp. 389-489. , Rutter M, Smith DJ, eds. Chichester: John Wiley; 
Silbereisen, R.K., Robins, L., Rutter, M., Secular trends in substance use: Concepts and data on the impact of social change on alcohol and drug abuse (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People: Time Trends and Their Causes, pp. 490-543. , Rutter M, Smith DJ, eds. Chichester: John Wiley; 
Marttunen, M.J., Aro, H.M., Lonnqvist, J.K., Adolescence and suicide: A review of psychological autopsy studies (1992) European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2, pp. 10-18; 
Shaffer, D., Gould, M.S., Fisher, P., Psychiatric diagnosis in child and adolescent suicide (1996) Archives of General Psychiatry, 53, pp. 339-348; 
Rutter, M., Smith, D.J., (1995) Psychosocial Disorders in Young People: Time Trends and Their Causes, , Chichester: John Wiley
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cancer surveillance series: Changing patterns of cutaneous malignant melanoma mortality rates among whites in the United States
T2  - Journal of the National Cancer Institute
J2  - J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
VL  - 92
IS  - 10
SP  - 811
EP  - 818
PY  - 2000
SN  - 00278874 (ISSN) 
AU  - Jemal, A.
AU  - Devesa, S.S.
AU  - Fears, T.R.
AU  - Hartge, P.
AD  - Div. of Cancer Epidemiol. and Genet., National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
AD  - National Institutes of Health, Executive Plaza South, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
AB  - Background: Mortality from melanoma among whites is still increasing in the United States. In this study, we describe the changing patterns of melanoma mortality rates among whites by demographic factors and geography and further assess the relationship between the geographic patterns and the UV radiation (UV-B) level. Methods: Age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates were computed by use of the 1970 U.S. population standard. Annual percent changes of mortality were estimated by fitting regression lines to the logarithm of rates. The relationships between melanoma mortality rates and UV-B level over time were assessed by weighted regressions. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: From 1950-1954 through 1990-1994, melanoma mortality rates increased by 191% and 84% among males and females, respectively. Mortality rates peaked in the 1930 through 1950 birth cohorts for females and in the 1935 through 1950 birth cohorts for males. In the 1950 through 1969 study period, melanoma mortality rates showed a strong North- South gradient, but the gradient weakened in recent periods. The absolute change in mortality for a 10% increase in UV-B among females decreased from 0.08 additional deaths per 100 000 person-years in 1950-1959 to 0.01 additional deaths in 1990-1995. In contrast, the absolute change in mortality among males showed little change over time; additional deaths increased from 0.11 to 0.12 per 100 000 person-years. Conclusions: Melanoma mortality in the United States reflects the complex interplay of UV radiation levels in each geographic region, the sun-protection behaviors of each generation of males and females in childhood and adulthood, the geographic mobility of the population, and the risk awareness and early detection.
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cancer epidemiology
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - Caucasian
KW  - early diagnosis
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - melanoma
KW  - population dynamics
KW  - priority journal
KW  - sunlight protection
KW  - ultraviolet B radiation
KW  - United States
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - European Continental Ancestry Group
KW  - Female
KW  - Geography
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Melanoma
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Population Surveillance
KW  - Skin Neoplasms
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Ultraviolet Rays
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :100
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JNCIA
C2  - 10814676
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Jemal, A.; National Institutes of Health, Executive Plaza South, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; email: jemala@exchange.nih.gov
N1  - References: Landis, S.H., Murray, T., Bolden, S., Wingo, P.A., Cancer statistics, 1999 (1999) CA Cancer J Clin, 49, pp. 8-31; 
Fears, T.R., Scotto, J., Schneiderman, M.A., Mathematical models of age and ultraviolet effects on the incidence of skin cancer among whites in the United States (1977) Am J Epidemiol, 105, pp. 420-427; 
Osterlind, A., Tucker, M.A., Stone, B.J., Jensen, O.M., The Danish case-control study of cutaneous malignant melanoma. II. Importance of UV-light exposure (1988) Int J Cancer, 42, pp. 319-324; 
Armstrong, B.K., Melanoma of the skin (1984) Br Med Bull, 40, pp. 346-350; 
Gutman, M., Inbar, M., Klausner, J.M., Chaitchik, S., Malignant melanoma in different ethnic groups in Israel. Incidence and biologic behavior (1993) Cancer, 71, pp. 2746-2750; 
Bliss, J.M., Ford, D., Swerdlow, A.J., Armstrong, B.K., Cristofolini, M., Elwood, J.M., Risk of cutaneous melanoma associated with pigmentation characteristics and freckling: Systematic overview of 10 case-control studies (1995) Int J Cancer, 62, pp. 367-376. , The International Melanoma Analysis Group (IMAGE); 
Cress, R.D., Holly, E.A., Incidence of cutaneous melanoma among non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics, Asians, and Blacks: An analysis of California cancer registry data, 1988-93 (1997) Cancer Causes Control, 8, pp. 246-252; 
Elwood, J.M., Lee, J.A., Walter, S.D., Mo, T., Green, A.E., Relationship of melanoma and other skin cancer mortality to latitude and ultraviolet radiation in the United States and Canada (1974) Int J Epidemiol, 3, pp. 325-332; 
Fears, T.R., Scotto, J., Schneiderman, M.A., Skin cancer, melanoma, and sunlight (1976) Am J Public Health, 66, pp. 461-464; 
Holman, C.D., James, I.R., Gattey, P.H., Armstrong, B.K., An analysis of trends in mortality from malignant melanoma of the skin in Australia (1980) Int J Cancer, 26, pp. 703-709; 
Lee, J.A., Petersen, G.R., Stevens, R.G., Vesanen, K., The influence of age, year of birth, and date on mortality from malignant melanoma in the populations of England and Wales, Canada, and the white population of the United States (1979) Am J Epidemiol, 110, pp. 734-739; 
Armstrong, B.K., Kricker, A., Cutaneous melanoma (1994) Cancer Surv, 19-20, pp. 219-240; 
Devesa, S.S., Silverman, D.T., Young J.L., Jr., Pollack, E.S., Brown, C.C., Horm, J.W., Cancer incidence and mortality trends among whites in the United States, 1947-84 (1987) J Natl Cancer Inst, 79, pp. 701-770; 
(1989) SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 6. 4th Ed., 2. , Cary (NC): SAS Institute Inc; 
Scotto, J., Fears, T.R., Fraumeni J.F., Jr., Solar radiation (1996) Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. 2nd Ed., pp. 355-372. , Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF Jr, editors. New York (NY): Oxford University Press; 
Hiatt, R.A., Fireman, B., The possible effect of increased surveillance on the incidence of malignant melanoma (1986) Prev Med, 15, pp. 652-660; 
Gong, G., Whittemore, A.S., West, D., Moore D.H. II, Cutaneous Melanoma at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: Comparison with rates in two San Francisco Bay Area counties (1992) Cancer Causes Control, 3, pp. 191-197; 
Dennis, L.K., Analysis of the melanoma epidemic, both apparent and real: Data from the 1973 through 1994 Surveillance. Epidemiology, and end results program registry (1999) Arch Dermatol, 135, pp. 275-280; 
Swerlick, R.A., Chen, S., The melanoma epidemic: More apparent than real? (1997) Mayo Clin Proc, 72, pp. 559-564; 
Burton, R.C., Armstrong, B.K., Non-metastasizing melanoma? (1998) J Surg Oncol, 67, pp. 73-76; 
Burton, R.C., Armstrong, B.K., Recent incidence trends imply a nonmetastasizing form of invasive melanoma (1994) Melanoma Res, 4, pp. 107-113; 
Koh, H.K., Clapp, R.W., Barnett, J.M., Nannery, W.M., Tahan, S.R., Geller, A.C., Systematic underreporting of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Massachusetts. Possible implications for national incidence figures (1991) J Am Acad Dermatol, 24, pp. 545-550; 
Merlino, L.A., Sullivan, K.J., Whitaker, D.C., Lynch, C.F., The independent pathology laboratory as a reporting source for cutaneous melanoma incidence in Iowa, 1977-1994 (1997) J Am Acad Dermatol, 37, pp. 578-585; 
Bolognia, J.L., Headley, A., Fine, J., Berwick, M., Histologic evaluation of pigmented lesions in Connecticut and its influence on the reporting of melanoma (1992) J Am Acad Dermatol, 26 (2 PART 1), pp. 198-202; 
Ries, L.A., Kosary, C.L., Hankey, B.F., Miller, B.A., Clegg, L., Edwards, B.K., (1999) SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1973-1996, , Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute; 
Hall, H.I., Miller, D.R., Rogers, J.D., Bewerse, B., Update on the incidence and mortality from melanoma in the United States (1999) J Am Acad Dermatol, 40, pp. 35-42; 
Miller, D.R., Geller, A.C., Wyatt, S.W., Halpern, A., Howell, J.B., Cockerell, C., Melanoma awareness and self-examination practices: Results of a United States survey (1996) J Am Acad Dermatol, 34, pp. 962-970; 
Koh, H.K., Geller, A.C., Miller, D.R., Caruso, A., Gage, I., Lew, R.A., Who is being screened for melanoma/skin cancer? Characteristics of persons screened in Massachusetts (1991) J Am Acad Dermatol, 24 (2 PART 1), pp. 271-277; 
Turner, M., Sun safety: Avoiding noonday sun, wearing protective clothing, and the use of sunscreen (1998) J Natl Cancer Inst, 90, pp. 1854-1855; 
Koh, H.K., Preventive strategies and research for ultraviolet-associated cancer (1995) Environ Health Perspect, 103 (SUPPL. 8), pp. 255-257; 
Koh, H.K., Bak, S.M., Geller, A.C., Mangione, T.W., Hingson, R.W., Levenson, S.M., Sunbathing habits and sunscreen use among white adults: Results of a national survey (1997) Am J Public Health, 87, pp. 1214-1217; 
Scotto, J., Pitcher, H., Lee, J.A., Indications of future decreasing trends in skin-melanoma mortality among whites in the United States (1991) Int J Cancer, 49, pp. 490-497; 
Roush, G.C., McKay, L., Holford, T.R., A reversal in the long-term increase in deaths attributable to malignant melanoma (1992) Cancer, 69, pp. 1714-1720; 
Dennis, L.K., White, E., Lee, J.A., Recent cohort trends in malignant melanoma by anatomic site in the United States (1993) Cancer Causes Control, 4, pp. 93-100; 
Thorn, M., Sparen, P., Bergstrom, R., Adami, H.O., Trends in mortality rates from malignant melanoma in Sweden 1953-1987 and forecasts up to 2007 (1992) Br J Cancer, 66, pp. 563-567; 
Walter, S.D., King, W.D., Marrett, L.D., Association of cutaneous malignant melanoma with intermittent exposure to ultraviolet radiation: Results of a case-control study in Ontario, Canada (1999) Int J Epidemiol, 28, pp. 418-427; 
Lee, J.A., Declining effect of latitude on melanoma mortality rates in the United States. A preliminary study (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 146, pp. 413-417; 
Mack, T.M., Floderus, B., Malignant melanoma risk by nativity, place of residence at diagnosis, and age at migration (1991) Cancer Causes Control, 2, pp. 401-411; 
Gilchrest, B.A., Eller, M.S., Geller, A.C., Yaar, M., The pathogenesis of melanoma induced by ultraviolet radiation (1999) N Engl J Med, 340, pp. 1341-1348; 
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Hall, H.I., May, D.S., Lew, R.A., Koh, H.K., Nadel, M., Sun protection behaviors of the U.S. white population (1997) Prev Med, 26, pp. 401-407
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Physical work load between 1970 and 1993 - Did it change?
T2  - Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health
J2  - Scand. J. Work Environ. Health
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
SP  - 161
EP  - 168
PY  - 2000
SN  - 03553140 (ISSN) 
AU  - Torgén, M.
AU  - Kilbom, Å.
AD  - National Institute for Working Life, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - National Institute for Working Life, Programme for Work and Health, SE-11279 Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - Objectives. This study investigates changes in self-reported and expert-evaluated physical work loads between 1970 and 1993 in relation to calendar year, birth cohort, and gender in an urban and suburban population sample (232 men and 252 women) born between 1935 and 1952. Methods. A self-administered questionnaire was answered in 1993 concerning different aspects of physical work loads between 1970 and 1993. With the use of a classification matrix, the objective physical work load on different body regions was also assessed. Results. Between 1970 and 1993 the fraction of subjects in blue-collar occupations and the physical work loads decreased among the men, but they both increased among the women. Physical work loads were, in general, higher among the men than among the women at younger ages (below 30 years), but less so at higher ages. Expert evaluations of the musculoskeletal load showed a pattern similar to that of self-reported work loads. Conclusions. The gender difference in work load development with age may have implications for the development of musculoskeletal disorders.
KW  - Age
KW  - Birth cohort
KW  - Gender
KW  - Job evaluation
KW  - Occupational
KW  - Questionnaire
KW  - Socioeconomic class
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - back
KW  - birth
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - male
KW  - manual labor
KW  - musculoskeletal system
KW  - neck
KW  - occupation
KW  - priority journal
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - self report
KW  - sex difference
KW  - shoulder
KW  - workload
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Job Satisfaction
KW  - Male
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - Population Surveillance
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Rural Population
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Sweden
KW  - Urban Population
KW  - Work
KW  - Workload
N1  - Cited By :30
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SWEHD
C2  - 10817382
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Torgen, M.; National Institute for Working Life, Programme for Work and Health, SE-11279 Stockholm, Sweden; email: margareta.torgen@niwl.se
N1  - References: Kilbom, Å., Messing, K., Aches and pains - An affliction of women (1998) Women's Health at Work, pp. 203-227. , Kilbom Å, Messing K, Bildt Thorbjömsson C. Stockholm: National Institute for Working Life; 
Bygren, L.O., Met and unmet needs for medical and social services (1974) Scand J Soc Med, (SUPPL. 8), pp. 1-135; 
(1998) LOUISE: A Longitudinal Data Base for Education, Income, and Employment, , Stockholm: Statistics Sweden SCB; 
Torgén, M., Alfredsson, L., Köster, M., Wiktorin, C., Smith, K., Kilbom, Å., Reproducibility of a questionnaire for assessment of present and past physical activities (1997) Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 70, pp. 107-118; 
Torgén, M., Winkel, J., Alfredsson, L., Kilbom, Å., Evaluation of questionnaire-based information on previous physical work loads (1999) Scand J Work Environ Health, 25 (3), pp. 246-255; 
Borg, G., Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress (1970) Scand J Rehabil Med, 2, pp. 92-98; 
Torgén, M., Punnett, L., Alfredsson, L., Kilbom, Å., Physical capacity in relation to present and past physical load at work: A study of 484 men and women aged 41 to 58 years Am J Ind Med., , In press; 
(1958) Nordic Occupational Classification Based on International Standard Classification of Occupations, , Geneva: ILO; 
Vingård, E., Alfredsson, L., Fellenius, E., Hogstedt, C., Disability pensions due to musculo-skeletal disorders among men in heavy occupations (1992) Scand J Soc Med, 20, pp. 31-36; 
(1989) SAS/STAT User's Guide; Vol I and II, Version 6, 4th Ed., 1. , Cary (NC): SAS Institute Inc; 
Ilmarinen, J., Job design for the aged with regard to decline in their maximal aerobic capacity, part 1: Guidelines for the practitioner (1992) Int J Ind Ergon, 10, pp. 53-63; 
Ilmarinen, J., Job design for the aged with regard to decline in their maximal aerobic capacity, part 2: The scientific basis for the guide (1992) Int J Ind Ergon, 10, pp. 65-77; 
Lusa, S., Louhevaara, V., Kinnunen, K., Are the job demands on physical work capacity equal for young and aging fire fighters? (1994) J Occup Med, 36, pp. 70-74; 
Oja, P., Louhevaara, V., Korhonen, O., Age and sex as determinants of the relative aerobic strain of nonmotorized mail delivery (1977) Scand J Work Environ Health, 3, pp. 225-233; 
Tuomi, K., Ilmarinen, J., Martikainen, R., Aalto, L., Klockars, M., Aging, work, life-style and work ability among Finnish municipal workers in 1981-1992 (1997) Scand J Work Environ Health, 23 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 58-65; 
Nygård, C.-H., Huuhtanen, P., Tuomi, K., Martikainen, R., Perceived work changes between 1981 and 1992 among aging workers in Finland (1997) Scand J Work Environ Health, 23 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 12-19; 
Nygård, C.-H., Suurnäkki, T., Peltomaa, T., Ilmarinen, J., Objectively assessed job demands among elderly employees in 1981 and 1993 (1995) The Paths to Productive Aging, pp. 325-330. , Kumasoro M. London: Taylor and Francis; 
Gibbons, L.E., Battié, M.C., Videman, T., Changes in occupational physical loading during the lifetimes of Finnish men (1995) Scand J Work Environ Health, 21, pp. 208-214
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Is there a geographical variation in eczema prevalence in the U.K.? Evidence from the 1958 British birth cohort study
T2  - British Journal of Dermatology
J2  - Br. J. Dermatol.
VL  - 142
IS  - 4
SP  - 712
EP  - 720
PY  - 2000
DO  - 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03416.x
SN  - 00070963 (ISSN) 
AU  - McNally, N.J.
AU  - Williams, H.C.
AU  - Phillips, D.R.
AU  - Strachan, D.P.
AD  - Res. and Development Directorate, Univ. Coll. London Hospitals NHS T., 112 Hampstead Road, London NW1 21T, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Dermatology, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
AD  - Asia-Pacific Inst. of Ageing S., Lingnan College, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
AD  - Dept. of Public Health Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Cramner Terrace, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom
AB  - Some studies have suggested that the prevalence of atopic eczema may vary between geographical regions. This descriptive study investigates the regional and subregional geography of reported and examined eczema prevalence at the age of 7, 11 and 16 years in Britain using data from the 1958 birth cohort study (n = 828). Estimates of the relative risk of reported eczema associated with residence in each region of the country were calculated and the regional distribution of reported and examined eczema prevalence was compared. The reported prevalence of eczema was mapped at the smaller county level. Comparisons were made with the county-level distribution of asthma and hay fever prevalence. The study showed a marked and statistically significant variation in eczema prevalence across the regions in Britain which was present for examined as well as reported eczema. The highest risk was associated with four regions: North Midlands; Eastern; London and the South- East; and Southern. This regional pattern was not altered significantly after adjustment for social class and family size. The geographical distribution of eczema prevalence was largely maintained when analysed at the county level. Few similarities were found between the county-level distribution of eczema prevalence and that for asthma and hay fever. Explanations for this strong regional variation now need to be sought in terms of environmental and life- style associations.
KW  - Atopic eczema
KW  - Environment
KW  - Geographical distribution
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - article
KW  - atopic dermatitis
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - eczema
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - skin disease
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Dermatitis, Atopic
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Residence Characteristics
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Topography, Medical
N1  - Cited By :29
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJDEA
C2  - 10792221
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: McNally, N.J.; Research and Development Directorate, Univ. Coll. London Hosp. NHS Trust, 112 Hampstead Road, London NW1 2LT, United Kingdom; email: nick.mcnally@corporate.uclh.nthames.nhs.uk
N1  - References: Schultz Larsen, F., Diepgen, T., Svensson, A., The occurrence of atopic eczema in North Europe: An international questionnaire study (1996) J Am Acad Dermatol, 34, pp. 760-764; 
Leung, R., Ho, P., Asthma, allergy, and atopy in three south-east Asian populations (1994) Thorax, 49, pp. 1205-1210; 
Pöysä, L., Korppi, M., Pietikäinen, K., Asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic eczema in Finnish children and adolescents (1991) Allergy, 46, pp. 161-165; 
Agata, H., Kondo, N., Fukutomi, O., Comparison of allergic diseases and specific IgE antibodies in different parts of Japan (1994) Ann Allergy, 72, pp. 447-450; 
Von Mutius, E., Fritzsch, C., Weiland, S.K., Prevalence of asthma and allergic disorders among children in united Germany: A descriptive comparison (1992) Br Med J, 305, pp. 1395-1399; 
Golding, J., Peters, T.J., Eczema and hay fever (1986) Birth to Five: A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's 5-year-olds, , Butler NR, Golding J, eds. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 
Strachan, D.P., Golding, J., Anderson, M.R., Regional variations in wheezing illness in British children: Effect of migration during early childhood (1990) J Epidemiol Community Health, 44, pp. 231-236; 
Townsend, P., Davidson, N., (1982) Inequalities in Health: The Black Report., , Harmondsvvorth: Penguin; 
Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain: Collected Papers from the National Child Development Study, , London: MacMillan; 
Leete, R., Fox, A.J., Registrar general's social classes: Origins and uses (1977) Population Trends, 9, pp. 1-7; 
Williams, H.C., Strachan, D.P., Hay, R.J., Childhood eczema: Disease of the advantaged? (1994) Br Med J, 308, pp. 1132-1135; 
Strachan, D.P., Hay fever, hygiene and household size (1989) Br Med J, 299, pp. 1259-1260; 
(1993) Epidemiological Graphics, Estimation, and Testing Package Version 1.00.03., , Seattle, WA: Statistics and Epidemiology Research Corporation; 
(1992) Version 7.0.3., , Redlands, CA: Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc; 
Kirkwood, B.R., (1988) Essentials of Medical Statistics., , Oxford: Blackwell Science; 
Clayton, D., Kaldor, J., Empirical Bayes estimates of age-standardized relative risks for use in disease mapping (1987) Biometrics, 43, pp. 671-682; 
Williams, H.C., Is the prevalence of atopic dermatitis increasing? (1992) Clin Exp Dermatol, 17, pp. 385-391; 
Langford, I.H., Using empirical Bayes estimates in the geographical analysis of disease risk (1994) Area, 26, pp. 142-149; 
Gardner, M.J., Epidemiological studies of environmental exposure and specific diseases (1988) Arch Env Health, 43, pp. 102-108; 
Clayton, D., Bernardinelli, L., Bayesian methods for mapping disease risk (1992) Geographical and Environmental Epidemiology: Methods for Small-area Studies, , Elliott P, Cuzick J, English D, Stern R, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Bailey, T.C., Gatrell, A.C., (1995) Interactive Spatial Data Analysis., , Harlow: Longman Scientific and Technical; 
Douven, W., Scholten, H.J., Spatial analysis in health research (1995) The Added Value of Geographical Information Systems in Public and Environmental Health, , de Lepper MJC, Scholten HJ, Stern RM, eds. Dordrecht: Kluwer; 
Molloy, H.F., Lamont-Gregory, E., Idzikowski, C., Ryan, T.J., Overheating in bed as an important factor in many common dermatoses (1993) Int J Dermatol, 32, pp. 668-672; 
Åberg, N., Engström, I., Lindberg, U., Allergic disease in Swedish schoolchildren (1989) Acta Paediatr Scand, 78, pp. 246-252; 
Arlian, L.G., Bernstein, D., Bernstein, I.L., Prevalence of dust mites in the homes of people with asthma living in eight different geographic areas of the United States (1992) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 90, pp. 292-300; 
Steiger, T., Borelli, S., Significance of climatic factors in the treatment of atopic eczema (atopic constitutional neurodermatitis) (1991) Handbook of Atopic Eczema, , Ruzicka T, Ring J, Przybilla B, eds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 
Rajka, G., (1975) Atopic Dermatitis., , London: W.B. Saunders; 
Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Wadsworth, M., Peckham, C., Changes in the reported prevalence of childhood eczema since the 1939-45 war (1984) Lancet, 1, pp. 1255-1257; 
McNally, N., Williams, H.C., Phillips, D.R., Atopic eczema and domestic water hardness (1998) Lancet, 352, pp. 527-531; 
Schäfer, T., Vieluf, D., Behrendt, H., Atopic eczema and other manifestations of atopy: Results of a study in East and West Germany (1996) Allergy, 51, pp. 532-539; 
Behrendt, H., Krämer, U., Dolgner, R., Elevated levels of total serum IgE in East German children: Atopy, parasites, or pollutants? (1993) Allergol J, 2, pp. 31-40; 
Bobák, M., Koupilová, I., Williams, H.C., Prevalence of asthma, atopic eczema and hay fever in five Czech towns with different levels of air pollution (1995) Epidemiology, 6 (SUPPL. 35). , Abstr; 
Williams, H.C., Atopic eczema: We should look to the environment (1995) Br Med J, 311, pp. 1241-1242
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prevalence and prognostic significance of atrial fibrillation during 20-year follow-up of the renrew/paisley cohort
T2  - Heart
J2  - Heart
VL  - 83
IS  - SUPPL. 1
SP  - 
EP  - 
PY  - 2000
SN  - 13556037 (ISSN) 
AU  - Stewart, S.
AU  - Hart, C.C.
AU  - Hole, D.J.
AU  - McMurray, J.J.
AD  - CRI in Heart Failure, Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
AB  - Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia but there is a paucity of epidemiological data relating to AF within the UK. Methods: We examined the prevalence, co-factors and prognostic significance of AF within the original Renfrew/Paisley population cohort in Scotland. A total of 15,406 men and women were first screened in the early 1970's when aged 45 to 64 years and were subject to 20-years follow-up thereafter. Results: A total of 47 of 8.354 women (5.6/1000) and 53 of 7,052 men (7.5/1000) were found to be in AF at the time of initial examination. Prevalence of AF increased markedly with age in both men and women (rising from 2.8 and 3.4/1000 respectively in those aged 45 to 49 years and 9.5 and 10.1/1000 in those aged 60 to 64 years). AF was independently correlated with male gender (OR 1.8, 95% CIs 1.2, 2.8; p < 0.01). cardiomegally (OR 12.9, 95% CIs 8.3, 20.2; p < 0.001). bronchitis (OR 2.2. 95% CIs 1.1, 4.2: p < 0.05), left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG (OR 4.2, 95% CIs 1.5, 12.3; p < 0.01), myocardial ischaemia on ECG (OR 4.5. 95% CIs 2.7, 7.4; p < 0.001), past history of stroke (OR 3.9, 95% CIs 1.7, 8.7; p < 0.001) and a blood sugar level ≥ 7.0 mmol/L (OR 3.1, 95% CIs 1.6, 6.0; p < 0.001). During subsequent 20-year follow-up, both men and women initially found to be in AF had significantly worse unadjusted mortality rates compared to the remainder of the cohort (79% vs 28% in women and 72% vs 44% in men: p < 0.001). Individuals with AF were significantly more likely to die from a stroke-related death (15% vs 3.7%: p < 0.001). Independent of age, gender, social deprivation, respiratory, cardiac, smoking and diabetic status. AF was associated with an adjusted relative risk of 1.9 (95% CIs 1.5, 2.5; p < 0.001) for dying from any cause. Conclusions: In this Scottish population cohort, prevalence of AF was greater in men and increased markedly with age. During 20-year followup. AF was associated with an adjusted two-fold increased risk of death.
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: HEARF
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: CRI in Heart Failure, Department of Public Health, University of GlasgowUnited Kingdom
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A prospective study of limiting longstanding illness in early adulthood
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Int. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
SP  - 131
EP  - 139
PY  - 2000
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Power, C.
AU  - Li, L.
AU  - Manor, O.
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
AD  - Sch. of Pub. Hlth. and Comm. Med., Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
AB  - Background. Chronic illness and disability are of increasing public health importance but little is known about the lifetime influences involved in their onset and progression. We aim to (i) establish whether an individual's rating of limiting illness is stable over a 10-year period from age 23 to 33; (ii) assess the relationship between childhood and adult disability; and (iii) identify lifecourse influences on limiting illness in early adulthood. Methods. Data were from the 1958 British birth cohort, including the original birth survey and follow-ups at ages 7, 11, 16, 23 and 33 years. Limiting longstanding illness was the outcome at both ages 23 and 33. Potential predictors included childhood health and physical development, socioeconomic conditions in early life and adulthood, and behavioural factors. We estimated the effect of potential explanatory factors using logistic regression, in both univariate and multivariate analyses, separately for limiting illness at 23 and 33 years. Results. Prevalence of limiting illness increased from 5.1% (men) and 4.1% (women) at age 23 to 6% for both sexes at age 33. Risk of limiting illness at age 33 was greater for those reporting an illness at age 23 (29.4%, compared with 4.7% of those without illness), though the majority (66%) of 33-year limiting illnesses had no previous record at age 23 or for childhood. Multivariate analysis of limiting illness at age 23 confirmed the high risk for those with childhood disability and also established two further major predictors, namely, injury (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.09-1.86) and intermediate socio-emotional status (adjusted OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.29-2.31). Additional risks were identified for limiting illness at age 33, including: (i) injury in the preceding 10 years (adjusted OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.18-2.04); (ii) body mass index (BMI), for which the relationship was non-linear, with elevated risks for the underweight (adjusted OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.03-2.26) and overweight (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.87-1.89); (iii) childhood disadvantage at either or both ages 7 and 11 (adjusted OR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.07-2.17); and (iv) height at age 7, with a significant non-linear relationship (the adjusted OR for height less than 15th percentile was 1.43 and for height more than the 85th percentile, 1.30). Conclusions. Both childhood and adult factors predict limiting illness in early adulthood. Childhood is important because some adult illnesses originate in early life, and also because childhood environment influences the risk of adult limiting illness several years later. Our findings suggest that studies seeking to understand the causes of limiting illness, that currently tend to focus exclusively on contemporary factors, need also to consider the contribution of environment in early life.
KW  - Chronic illness
KW  - Disability
KW  - Longitudinal cohort
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - body mass
KW  - child health
KW  - chronic disease
KW  - disease course
KW  - environmental factor
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - life event
KW  - male
KW  - normal human
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prospective study
KW  - public health
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - risk
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adaptation, Psychological
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Anthropometry
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Child
KW  - Chronic Disease
KW  - Disabled Persons
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Life Style
KW  - Male
KW  - Multivariate Analysis
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Wales
N1  - Cited By :26
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJEPB
C2  - 10750615
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Dept. of Epidemiology Public Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: c.power@ich.ucl.ac.uk
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Martin, S., Sheldon, T.A., Smith, P., Interpreting the new illness question in the UK census for health research on small areas (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 634-641; 
Haynes, R., Bentham, G., Lovett, A., Eimermann, J., Effect of labour market conditions on reporting of limiting long term illness and permanent sickness in england and wales (1997) J Epidemiol Community Health, 51, pp. 283-288; 
Upmark, M., Hemmingsson, T., Romelsjo, A., Lundberg, I., Allebeck, P., Predictors of disability pension among young men (1997) Eur J Public Health, 7, pp. 20-28; 
Kuh, D.J.L., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Yusuf, E.J., Burden of disability in a post war birth cohort in the UK (1994) J Epidemiol Community Health, 48, pp. 262-269; 
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Bentham, G., Eimermann, J., Haynes, R., Lovett, A., Brainard, J., Limiting long term illness and its associations with mortality and indicators of social deprivation (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49 (SUPPL. 2), pp. S57-S64; 
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Rahkonen, O., Lahelma, E., Huuhka, M., Past or present? Childhood living conditions and current socioeconomic status as determinants of adult health (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 327-336; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033993544&partnerID=40&md5=19e5af64b4848e7539efd76852f1cffc
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Long-term survival in Hodgkin's disease patientsa comparison of relative survival in patients in trials and those recorded in population-based cancer registries
T2  - European Journal of Cancer
J2  - Eur. J. Cancer
VL  - 36
IS  - 3
SP  - 384
EP  - 389
PY  - 2000
DO  - 10.1016/S0959-8049(99)00267-1
SN  - 09598049 (ISSN) 
AU  - Roy, P.
AU  - Vaughan Hudson, G.
AU  - Vaughan Hudson, B.
AU  - Esteve, J.
AU  - Swerdlow, A.J.
AD  - Service de Biostatistique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Lyon-Sud, 69495 Pierre-Bénite Cedex, France
AD  - British National Lymphoma Investigation, Department of Oncology, University College and Middlesex Hospital, London W1N 8AA, United Kingdom
AD  - Epidemiological Monitoring Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
AB  - The prognosis of Hodgkin's disease (HD) has improved during the last 30 years. This study was planned to analyse long-term survival of HD patients and to compare survival rates estimated from clinical trials and population-based data. Individual data were analysed on 2755 adult HD patients entering randomised clinical trials of the British National Lymphoma Investigation (BNLI) between 1970 and 1987, and 5064 patients with HD incident 1978-1984 recorded in the UK population-based cancer registries participating in the EUROCARE study. Relative survival of Hodgkin's disease patients allowing for mortality expected from general population rates was analysed by a proportional hazards regression model including covariates. Although relative mortality decreased with longer follow-up, it was still significantly positive at 9-10 years after diagnosis in both the clinical trials and the population-based data sets. Relative mortality was worse for late stage than for early stage patients even at 10-15 years after first treatment (BNLI data). Whereas 10-year relative survival was identical in trials and population-based patients at ages under 45 years (>69%), it was much higher in BNLI older patients than in the population-based patients. In the older age group (65-74 years) the BNLI patients had 39% relative survival whilst for the population-based patients it was only 27%. Generalisation of clinical trials results to the general population must be done with caution, especially for older patients. Copyright (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
KW  - Hodgkin's disease
KW  - Prognostic factors
KW  - Survival
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cancer registry
KW  - clinical study
KW  - clinical trial
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - controlled study
KW  - Hodgkin disease
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - mortality
KW  - population research
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prognosis
KW  - randomized controlled trial
KW  - survival rate
KW  - survival time
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Aged
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Hodgkin Disease
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Proportional Hazards Models
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Registries
KW  - Survival Analysis
KW  - Wales
N1  - Cited By :45
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EJCAE
C2  - 10708941
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Roy, P.; Service Biostatistique, Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire, 69495 Pierre-Benite Cedex, France
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Stiller, C.A., Centralised treatment, entry to trials and survival (1994) Br J Cancer, 70, pp. 352-362; 
Haybittle, J.L., Hayhoe, F.G.J., Easterling, M.J., Review of British National Lymphoma Investigation studies of Hodgkin's disease and development of prognostic index (1985) Lancet, 1, pp. 967-972; 
MacLennan, K.A., Bennett, M.H., Bosq, J., The histology and immunohistology of Hodgkin's disease: Its relationship to prognosis and clinical behaviour (1990) Treatment Strategy in Hodgin's Disease, pp. 17-25. , Somers R, Henry-Amar M, Meerwald JH, Carde P, eds. Colloque INSERM/John Libbey Eurotext Ltd; 
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Berrino, F., Sant, M., Verdecchia, A., (1995) Survival of Cancer Patients in Europe. The Eurocare Study, , Lyon, International Agency for Research on Cancer; 
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Urba, W.J., Longo, D.L., Hodgkin's disease (1992) N Engl J Med, 326, pp. 678-687; 
Henry-Amar, M., Somers, R., Long term survival in early stages Hodgkin's disease: The EORTC experience (1990) Treatment Strategy in Hodgin's Disease, pp. 151-166. , Somers R, Henry-Amar M, Meerwald JH, Carde P, eds. Colloque INSERM/John Libbey Eurotext Ltd; 
Vaughan Hudson, B., MacLennan, K.A., Easterling, M.J., Jelliffe, A.M., Haybittle, J.L., Vaughan Hudson, G., The prognostic significance of age in Hodgkin's disease: Examination of 1500 patients (BNLI report No. 23) (1983) Clin Radiol, 34, pp. 503-506; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034005314&doi=10.1016%2fS0959-8049%2899%2900267-1&partnerID=40&md5=0434909ecf991ebe9fe579abc35333ad
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Adult functional outcome of those born small for gestational age: Twenty-six-year follow-up of the 1970 British Birth Cohort
T2  - Journal of the American Medical Association
J2  - J. Am. Med. Assoc.
VL  - 283
IS  - 5
SP  - 625
EP  - 632
PY  - 2000
SN  - 00987484 (ISSN) 
AU  - Strauss, R.S.
AD  - Div. Pediat. Gastroenterol. Nutr., Univ. of Med. and Dent. New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Pl, CN-19, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0019, United States
AB  - Context. Although studies have documented cognitive impairment in children who were born small for gestational age (SGA), other studies have not demonstrated differences in IQ or other cognitive scores. The need exists for long-term studies of such children to assess functional outcomes not measurable with standardized testing. Objective. To determine the long-term functional outcome of SGA infants. Design. Prospective cohort study. Setting and Participants. A total of 14 189 full-term infants born in the United Kingdom on April 5 through 11, 1970, were studied as part of the 1970 British Birth Cohort; 1064 were SGA (birth weight less than the fifth percentile for age at term). Follow-up at 5, 10, 16, and 26 years was 93%, 80%, 72%, and 53%, respectively. Main Outcome Measures. School performance and achievement, assessed at 5, 10, and 16 years; and years of education, occupational status, income, marital status, life satisfaction, disability, and height, assessed at 26 years, comparing persons born SGA with those who were not. Results. At 5, 10, and 16 years of age, those born SGA demonstrated small but significant deficits in academic achievement. In addition, teachers were less likely to rate those born SGA in the top 15th percentile of the class at 16 years (13% vs 20%; P<.01) and more likely to recommend special education (4.9% vs 2.3%; P<.01) compared with those born at normal birth weight (NBW). At age 26 years, adults who were SGA did not demonstrate any differences in years of education, employment, hours of work per week, marital status, or satisfaction with life. However, adults who were SGA were less likely to have professional or managerial jobs (8.7% vs 16.4%; P<.01) and reported significantly lower levels of weekly income (mean [SD], 185 [91] vs 206 [102] (L); P< .01) than adults who were NBW. Adults who were SGA also reported significant height deficits compared with those who were NBW (mean [SD] z score, -0.55 [0.98] vs 0.08 [1.02]; P<.001). Similar results were also obtained after adjusting for social class, sex, region of birth, and the presence of fetal or neonatal distress. Conclusions. In this cohort, adults who were born SGA had significant differences in academic achievement and professional attainment compared with adults who were NBW. However, there were no long-term social or emotional consequences of being SGA: these adults were as likely to be employed, married, and satisfied with life.
KW  - academic achievement
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - body height
KW  - cognitive defect
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - disability
KW  - female
KW  - fetus distress
KW  - follow up
KW  - functional assessment
KW  - human
KW  - income
KW  - infant
KW  - life satisfaction
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - marriage
KW  - occupation
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prospective study
KW  - sex difference
KW  - small for date infant
KW  - social class
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Development
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Infant, Small for Gestational Age
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Male
KW  - Multivariate Analysis
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Self Assessment (Psychology)
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
N1  - Cited By :281
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JAMAA
C2  - 10665702
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Strauss, R.S.; Pediatric Gastroenterol./Nutri. Div., Univ. of Med./Dent. of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Pl, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0019, United States; email: strausrs@rwja.umdnj.edu
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Strauss, R.S., Dietz, W.H., The effects of intrauterine growth retardation on early childhood growth (1997) J Pediatr, 130, pp. 95-102; 
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Tate, D.G., Riley, B.B., Perna, R., Roller, S., Quality of life issues among women with physical disabilities or breast cancer (1997) Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 78 (SUPPL. 5), pp. S18-S25; 
Kimmel, P.L., Peterson, R.A., Weihs, K.L., Aspects of quality of life in hemodialysis patients (1995) J Am Soc Nephrol, 6, pp. 1418-14126; 
McCormick, M.C., Workman-Daniels, K., Brooks-Gunn, J., The behavioral and emotional well-being of school-age children with differing birth weights (1996) Pediatrics, 97, pp. 18-25; 
Saigal, S., Feeny, D., Rosenbaum, P., Furlong, W., Burrows, E., Stoskipf, B., Self-perceived health status and health-related quality of life of extremely low-birth-weight infants at adolescence (1996) JAMA, 276, pp. 453-459; 
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Tin, W., Fritz, S., Wariyar, U., Hey, E., Outcome of very preterm birth: Children reviewed with ease at 2 years differ from those followed up with difficulty (1998) Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed, 70, pp. F83-F87; 
McIntire, D.D., Bloom, S.L., Casey, B.M., Leveno, K.J., Birth weight in relation to morbidity and mortality among newborn infants (1999) N Engl J Med, 340, pp. 1234-1238; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034594641&partnerID=40&md5=874d14122ce3c52b3093644c1cb6c24a
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Physical activity and cause-specific mortality in the Whitehall study
T2  - Public Health
J2  - Public Health
VL  - 114
IS  - 5
SP  - 308
EP  - 315
PY  - 2000
DO  - 10.1038/sj.ph.1900675
SN  - 00333506 (ISSN) 
AU  - Smith, G.D.
AU  - Shipley, M.J.
AU  - Batty, G.D.
AU  - Morris, J.N.
AU  - Marmot, M.
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
AD  - Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
AD  - Health Promotion Research Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
AB  - A prospective cohort study of London civil servants was used to examine the relation of physical activity to various causes of death. 6,702 men aged 40-64 y who participated in a baseline examination between 1969 and 1970 were followed up for 25 y during which time there were 2859 deaths. The association of two measures of physical activity (leisure time activity and usual walking pace) with cause-specific mortality was examined. Walking pace demonstrated inverse relations with mortality from all-causes, coronary heart disease (CHD), other cardiovascular disease (CVD), all cancers, respiratory disease, colorectal cancer and haematopoietic cancer following adjustment for risk factors which included age, employment grade, smoking, body mass index, and forced expiratory volume (P [trend] < 0.05 for all). In analyses restricted to men without disease at entry, walking pace retained inverse associations with all-cause, CHD, other cardiovascular disease, and haematopoietic cancer mortality (P [trend] < 0.05 for all). Leisure time activity was also inversely associated with mortality from all-causes, CHD, other CVD, and all-cancers following adjustment for risk factors (P [trend] <0.05 for all). Eliminating deaths in the first 5 and 10 y of follow-up did not greatly alter these associations. It is concluded that physical activity may confer protection against death due to some cancers, in addition to reducing cardiovascular disease risk.
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Coronary heart disease
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Physical activity
KW  - Stroke
KW  - adult
KW  - analysis
KW  - article
KW  - body mass
KW  - cancer
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - cause of death
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - colorectal cancer
KW  - controlled study
KW  - employment
KW  - follow up
KW  - forced expiratory volume
KW  - hematopoiesis
KW  - human
KW  - ischemic heart disease
KW  - leisure
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - physical activity
KW  - prospective study
KW  - respiratory tract disease
KW  - risk factor
KW  - smoking
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - walking
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
N1  - Cited By :130
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PUHEA
C2  - 11035446
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Smith, G.D.; Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom
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(1997), World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research. Food, Nutrition and the Prevention of Cancer. American Institute for Cancer Research: Washington DC; Simoes, E.J., The association between leisure-time physical activity and dietary fat in American adults (1995) Am J Pub Health, 85, pp. 240-244; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033820727&doi=10.1038%2fsj.ph.1900675&partnerID=40&md5=cba2ee0f75c926200347f81dfebe28a5
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Menstrual patterns during the inception of perimenopause: What are the predictors and what do they predict?
T2  - Journal of Women's Health and Gender-Based Medicine
J2  - J. Women's Health Gender. Med.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
SP  - 35
EP  - 42
PY  - 2000
DO  - 10.1089/152460900318939
SN  - 15246094 (ISSN) 
AU  - Frohlich, K.L.
AU  - Kuh, D.J.L.
AU  - Hardy, R.
AU  - Wadsworth, M.E.J.
AD  - GRIS, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Que., Canada
AD  - MRC Natl. Surv. on Hlth. and Devmt., Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., London, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC Natl. Surv. on Hlth. and Devmt., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Roy. Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., Gower St. Camp. 1-19 Torrington Pl., London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
AB  - Using data from a British national cohort of women born in 1946, this study aims to identify menstrual patterns during the first year of perimenopause (based on the frequency of periods, the numbers of days bled each month, and menstrual flow) to see if they are related to health and behaviors earlier in adult life and if they predict entry into menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use. Three groups of women were identified using cluster analysis: those who experienced more of these characteristics, those who experienced less, and those who experienced few changes. In polychotomous logistic regression models, the likelihood ratio tests indicated that parity and body mass index (BMI) were significant at the 5% level. The odds ratios from the parity models showed a gradient, with women from the Less cluster being most likely to have no children and those from the More cluster most likely to have at least one child. A similar gradient was detected for BMI, with the Less cluster tending to be underweight. The Less cluster came into menopause significantly faster than the Same and the More groups, where the estimated hazard ratios (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) were, respectively, 0.61 (0.37-0.99) and 0.24 (0.11-0.52), There was no association between the clusters and later HRT use. The findings suggest that menstrual characteristics should be more carefully studied in population studies of the climacteric.
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - body mass
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - cluster analysis
KW  - education
KW  - female
KW  - hormone substitution
KW  - human
KW  - menopause
KW  - menstrual cycle
KW  - normal human
KW  - parity
KW  - priority journal
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Hormone Replacement Therapy
KW  - Humans
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Menstrual Cycle
KW  - Menstruation
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Parity
KW  - Premenopause
N1  - Cited By :13
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JWHMF
C2  - 10718503
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kuh, D.J.L.; MRC Natl. Survey Hlth. Dev., Dept. Epidemiol. Public Health, Royal Free Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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Brambilla, D.J., McKinlay, S.M., Johannes, C.B., Defining the perimenopause for application in epiderniologic investigations (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 140, p. 1090; 
Dudley, E.C., Hopper, J.L., Taffe, J., Guthrie, J.R., Burger, H.C., Dennerstein, L., Using longitudinal data to define the perimenopause by menstrual cycle characteristics (1998) Climacteric, 1, p. 18; 
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McKinlay, S.M., Brambilla, D.J., Posner, J.G., The normal menopause transition (1992) Am J Hum Biol, 4, p. 37; 
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Hardy, R., Kuh, D.J.L., Reproductive and menstrual characteristics and the age of inception of the perimenopause (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 149, p. 612; 
McKinlay, S.M., Brambilla, D.J., Posner, J.G., The normal menopause transition (1992) Maturitas, 14, p. 103; 
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Kuh, D.L., Richards, M., Hardy, R., Lifetime predictors of early menopause: Findings from a British birth cohort study (1999) J Br Menop Soc, 4 (SUPPL. 1), p. 19. , abstract; 
Gold, E.B., Correlates of age at menopause in a multiracial/ethnic: Sample of women (1999) Am J Epidemiol, 149 (SUPPL.), pp. S26; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0034060529&doi=10.1089%2f152460900318939&partnerID=40&md5=f2da0a4d87a211106f4f1761a5291887
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Recent demographic change in France 
ST  - L'evolution demographique recente en France
T2  - Population
J2  - Population
VL  - 55
IS  - 3
SP  - 441
EP  - 475
PY  - 2000
SN  - 00324663 (ISSN) 
AU  - Prioux, F.
AD  - Inst. nat. d'etudes demographiques, 133, bd Davout, 75980 Paris, Cedex 20, France
AB  - The rise in the period fertility index continued in 1998 and 1999, thanks to a strong recovery in fertility among women aged 30-40 and a stabilization in fertility at lower ages. In spite of this, fertility is expected to gradually decline after the 1960 birth cohort, falling below the replacement level (2.1) The overall number of abortions is stable though tending to increase slightly among young women and decline among older women. Following the strong recovery in 1996 consequent on tax law changes less favourable to unmarried couples with children, the increase in marriage is continuing at a more moderate level, though the proportion never-married at age 50 continues to rise rapidly. After a slight fall in 1996, the number of divorces remained stable in the next two years, and the period index stands at 38 divorces per 100 marriages. Assuming no further increase, the proportion of marriages ending in divorce will be 29% for couples married in 1970 and 35% for those married ten years later. For a number of years, men's life expectancy at birth has been rising slightly faster than that of women: at almost all ages, except for over 70, progress has been slightly better for men than for women. This new pattern appears to be due to the absence of improvements over certain cancers affecting women and even a deterioration for some smoking-related cancers.
KW  - demographic trend
KW  - fertility
KW  - longevity
KW  - marriage
KW  - France
N1  - Cited By :5
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: POPUA
LA  - French
N1  - Correspondence Address: Prioux, F.; Inst. nat. d'etudes demographiques, 133, bd Davout, 75980 Paris, Cedex 20, France; email: prioux@ined.fr
N1  - References: Beaumel, C., Eneau, D., Kerjosse, R., La situation demographique en 1997 (1999) Insee Resultats, 75-76. , Demographie-Societe; 
Blayo, C., L'evolution du recours a l'avortement depuis 1976 (1995) Population, 50 (3), pp. 779-810; 
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Prioux, F., L'evolution demographique recente (1999) Population, 54 (3), pp. 449-480; 
Sardon, J.-P., L'evolution du divorce en France (1996) Population, 51 (3), pp. 717-749; 
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Thierry, X., Chronique de l'immigration. Les entrees d'etrangers en France: Evolutions statistiques et bilan de l'operation de regularisation exceptionnelle de 1997 (2000) Population, 55 (3), pp. 567-620; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - An age-period-cohort analysis of 50,875 AIDS cases among injecting drug users in Europe
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Int. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 28
IS  - 6
SP  - 1141
EP  - 1148
PY  - 1999
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Houweling, H.
AU  - Wiessing, L.G.
AU  - Hamers, F.F.
AU  - Termorshuizen, F.
AU  - Gill, O.N.
AU  - Sprenger, M.J.
AD  - Dept. of Infect. Dis. Epidemiology, Natl. Inst. Pub. Hlth. and Environ., Bilthoven, Netherlands
AD  - Health Council of the Netherlands, The Hague, Netherlands
AD  - Europ. Monitoring Ctr. Drugs Drug A., Lisbon, Portugal
AD  - Europ. Ctr. Epidemiol. Monitoring A., Saint-Maurice, France
AD  - PHLS Communic. Dis. Survlnc. Centre, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Health Council of the Netherlands, PO Box 16052, 2511 VX The Hague, Netherlands
AB  - Background.The long average incubation time from HIV infection to AIDS makes it difficult to estimate recent HIV transmission from AIDS incidence data. Age-period-cohort (APC) analysis can separate out the effects of age, calendar time and birth cohort to provide a clearer picture of transmission trends. Methods. AIDS incidence data from 1981 to 1994 among intravenous drug users (IDU) for 12 Western European countries were used. Yearly incidences per 100,000 population or 100,000 person-years were calculated by age at diagnosis and 5-year birth cohort (1950-1954, 1955-1959, 1960-1964, 1965-1969 and 1970-1974), and corrected for reporting delay. Incidence patterns were compared between birth cohorts and countries. Results. For most countries the impact was greatest on the cohort born 1960-1964. Comparing incidence patterns in the 1965-1969 to 1960-1964 cohorts suggest the epidemic has plateaued at low to intermediate levels in Austria, Greece and the North-Western European countries, and at high levels in France, Italy and Switzerland. For most countries transmission amongst the 1970-1974 as compared to the 1965-1969 cohorts could not be assessed due to small numbers and short follow-up time. In Spain the epidemic was uncontrolled with a high incidence among recent birth cohorts. In Portugal the epidemic was still at an early and expanding phase. Conclusions. The APC analysis revealed large country differences in the dynamics of the HIV/AIDS epidemic among IDU. Full interpretation of these differences is dependent on information from other sources about the local public health response and trends in drug injecting behaviours. Earlier introduction of the virus and higher prevalence of injecting drug use may explain some of the generally higher incidence in Southern European countries, but the larger part of it is most likely explained by local characteristics of drug users, such as younger age and more frequent sharing of needles and syringes, and a less effective public health response.
KW  - Age-period-cohort analysis
KW  - AIDS
KW  - Birth cohort analysis
KW  - Europe
KW  - Injecting drug use
KW  - Public health
KW  - acquired immune deficiency syndrome
KW  - age structure
KW  - drug user
KW  - medical geography
KW  - acquired immune deficiency syndrome
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - Austria
KW  - Belgium
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - female
KW  - France
KW  - Germany
KW  - Greece
KW  - human
KW  - Human immunodeficiency virus infection
KW  - incubation time
KW  - intravenous drug abuse
KW  - Ireland
KW  - Italy
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Portugal
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - public health
KW  - Spain
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - virus transmission
KW  - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Comorbidity
KW  - Disease Outbreaks
KW  - Disease Transmission, Horizontal
KW  - Europe
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Substance Abuse, Intravenous
KW  - Europe
N1  - Cited By :8
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJEPB
C2  - 10661660
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Houweling, H.; Health Council of the Netherlands, PO Box 16052, 2511 VX The Hague, Netherlands; email: hans.houweling@gr.nl
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Coutinho, R.A., Bos, J.M., Ruitenberg, E.J., The epidemiology of LAV/ HTLV-III infections in Europe (1986) Clinical Aspects of AIDS and AIDS-related Complex, pp. 7-13. , Staquet M, Hemmer R, Baert A (eds). Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
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Van Ameijden, E.J.C., Van Den Hoek, J.A.R., Van Haastrecht, H.J.A., Coutinho, R.A., The harm reduction approach and risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion in injecting drug users, Amsterdam (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 136, pp. 236-243; 
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Fennema, J.S.A., Van Ameijden, E.J.C., Van Den Hoek, J.A.R., Coutinho, R.A., The impact of young and recent-onset injection drug users on the HIV-1 epidemic in Amsterdam, 1986-1995 Addiction, , in press; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033390653&partnerID=40&md5=f9dd6cbbd2da219bfb9ca48c73644fac
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mortality study of two overlapping cohorts of photographic film base manufacturing employees exposed to methylene chloride
T2  - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
J2  - J. Occup. Environ. Med.
VL  - 41
IS  - 12
SP  - 1154
EP  - 1169
PY  - 1999
SN  - 10762752 (ISSN) 
AU  - Hearne, F.T.
AU  - Pifer, J.W.
AD  - Epidemiology Section, Corp. Hlth., Safety, and Environment, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, NY, United States
AD  - Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, NY 14652-6253, United States
AB  - The mortality experience of two overlapping cohorts of employees engaged in the manufacture of photographic film support was evaluated to assess the potential chronic health effects of methylene chloride exposure. In the first analysis, we examined causes of death among 1311 men initially employed between 1946 (when the solvent was first used) and 1970; in the second, we updated mortality in a 1964 to 1970 employed cohort of 1013 men. Follow-up was through 1994. The mean exposure among members of the 1946 to 1970 cohort was 39 ppm (8-hour time-weighted average) for 17 years, and the median length of follow-up from first exposure was 34 years. Members of the 1964 to 1970 cohort received an average exposure of 26 ppm for 24 years; median time from first exposure was 35 years. Compared with general population vital statistics, mortality in both cohorts was below expectation for all causes of death, ischemic heart disease, and cancer, including such sites as the lung and liver, which were target organs identified in animal toxicology studies. No statistically significant increases were observed for any cause of death. The combined results of this study and three others in the photographic film and textile fibers industries (~ 7300 subjects) show that long-term exposure to methylene chloride does not increase the risk of death from any cause including specific diagnoses that have been associated with this widely used solvent.
KW  - dichloromethane
KW  - article
KW  - cause of death
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - ischemic heart disease
KW  - liver cancer
KW  - long term exposure
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - occupational exposure
KW  - occupational toxicology
KW  - photography
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Industry
KW  - Male
KW  - Manufactured Materials
KW  - Methylene Chloride
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Occupational Exposure
KW  - Photography
KW  - Solvents
N1  - Cited By :15
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JOEMF
C2  - 10609238
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Terry Hearne, F.; Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, NY 14652-6253, United States
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Methylene Chloride, 75-09-2; Solvents
N1  - References: Friedlander, B.R., Hearne, T., Hall, S., Epidemiologic investigation of employees chronically exposed to methylene chloride: Mortality analysis (1978) J Occup Med., 20, pp. 657-666; 
Hearne, F.T., Friedlander, B.R., Follow-up of methylene chloride study (1981) J Occup Med., 23, p. 660; 
Hearne, F.T., Grose, F., Pifer, J.W., Friedlander, B.R., Raleigh, R.L., Methylene chloride mortality study: Dose-response characterization and animal model comparison (1987) J Occup Med., 29, pp. 217-228; 
Hearne, F.T., Pifer, J.W., Grose, F., Absence of adverse mortality effects in workers exposed to methylene chloride: An update (1990) J Occup Med., 32, pp. 234-240; 
Hearne, F.T., Pifer, J.W., Lednar, W.L., Grose, F., (1992) Mortality Study of 1964-1970 Cohort of Employees Exposed to Methylene Chloride: An Update, , Rochester, NY: Eastman Kodak Company; August Report to Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Methylene Chloride. Docket H-071; 
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Ott, M.G., Skory, L.K., Holder, B.B., Bronson, J.M., Williams, P.R., Health evaluation of employees occupationally exposed to methylene chloride: Mortality (1983) Scand J Work Environ Health, 9 (1 SUPPL.), pp. 8-16; 
Lanes, S.F., Cohen, A., Rothman, K.J., Dreyer, N.A., Soden, K.J., Mortality of cellulose fiber production workers (1990) Scand J Work Environ Health, 16, pp. 247-251
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0344339007&partnerID=40&md5=aafcf1c85f58b3db9fc75e8084e2245d
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Americans' increasing belief in life after death: Religious competition and acculturation
T2  - American Sociological Review
J2  - Am. Sociol. Rev.
VL  - 64
IS  - 6
SP  - 813
EP  - 835
PY  - 1999
SN  - 00031224 (ISSN) 
AU  - Greeley, A.M.
AU  - Hout, M.
AD  - University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
AD  - NORC, 1155 E. 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
AB  - A greater fraction of American adults believe in life after death in the 1990s than in the 1970s. According to data from the General Social Survey, year-to-year changes are significant, but the increase is most evident when we compare across cohorts and separate religious groups. Protestants have not changed; in every cohort 85 percent believe in life after death. It has been Catholics, Jews, and persons with no religious affiliation who have become more likely to believe in an afterlife. The percentage of Catholics believing in an afterlife rose from 67 percent to 85 percent across cohorts born from 1900 to 1970. Among Jews, this percentage increased from 17 percent (1900 cohort) to 74 percent (1970 cohort). Immigration is a key factor in this increase, as immigrants are significantly less likely to believe in an afterlife than are their grandchildren. We connect the increase among Catholics to the organizing and teching led by Irish American priests and bishops. There is no evidence that contact with Protestants increases belief in life after death among persons who do not convert to a Protestant denomination.
KW  - immigrant population
KW  - religion
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :79
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Greeley, A.M.; NORC, 1155 E. 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, United States; email: agreel@aol.com
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033492663&partnerID=40&md5=96f85efa4c32170ec4cfe752bb54df70
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mortality attributable to drinking, drinking too much, or drinking too little: A comparison of methods
T2  - Journal of Public Health Medicine
J2  - J. Public Health Med.
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
SP  - 407
EP  - 411
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.1093/pubmed/21.4.407
SN  - 09574832 (ISSN) 
AU  - White, I.R.
AU  - Britton, A.
AU  - Nanchahal, K.
AU  - McPherson, K.
AD  - Medical Statistics Unit, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
AD  - Cancer and Public Health Unit, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
AD  - Health Promotion Research Unit, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
AB  - Background. The existence of a U-shaped relationship between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality complicates the calculation and interpretation of mortality attributable to alcohol consumption. Methods. We used the relationships between all-cause mortality and alcohol consumption from four British cohort studies. For each study we defined a 'sensible drinking level' as the level with lowest observed mortality. We estimated the fractions of deaths that were attributable to (1) any drinking (compared with not drinking), (2) drinking more than the 'sensible level', and (3) drinking less than the 'sensible level'. Results. Data from the Doctors' study suggest that on balance 22.3 per cent of deaths are prevented by alcohol consumption, yet the fractions of deaths attributable to drinking more than 8-14 units per week and less than 8-14 units per week are nearly equal (6.5 per cent and 6.4 per cent, respectively). In a sensitivity analysis we show that it is possible for alcohol consumption to prevent deaths overall yet for more deaths to be attributable to drinking above a sensible level than are attributable to drinking below the sensible level. Conclusions. The balance of deaths attributable to or prevented by alcohol consumption provides no information about the deaths attributable to drinking above or below sensible levels. Using all-cause data in this way is likely to exaggerate the protective effect of alcohol consumption, so our results are only illustrative.
KW  - Alcohol
KW  - Attributable mortality
KW  - alcohol
KW  - alcohol consumption
KW  - article
KW  - human
KW  - mortality
KW  - priority journal
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Alcohol Drinking
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - State Medicine
KW  - Wales
N1  - Cited By :2
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JPHME
C2  - 11469362
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: White, I.R.; Medical Statistics Unit, London School Hygiene Tropical Med., Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
N1  - References: (1995) Sensible Drinking, , London: Department of Health; 
(1995) Alcohol and the Heart in Perspective: Sensible Limits Reaffirmed, , London: Royal Colleges; 
Holman, C.D.J., English, D.R., Ought low alcohol intake to be promoted for health reasons? (1996) J R Soc Med, 89, pp. 123-129; 
Edwards, G., Sensible drinking (1996) Br Med J, 312, p. 1; 
Sutocky, J.W., Shultz, J.M., Kizer, K.W., Alcohol-related mortality in California, 1980 to 1989 (1993) Am J Publ Hlth, 83, pp. 817-823; 
Scragg, R., A quantification of alcohol-related mortality in New Zealand (1995) Aust Nz J Med, 25, pp. 5-11; 
Holman, C.D.J., Armstrong, B.K., Arias, L.N., (1988) The Quantification of Drug-Caused Morbidity and Mortality in Australia (Appendix 1), , Canberra: Commonwealth Department of Community Services and Health; 
White, I.R., Nanchahal, K., (1997) The Number of Deaths and Person-Years of Life Lost Attributable to Alcohol Consumption in England and Wales in 1995, , Technical report, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine; 
Holman, C.D.J., Armstrong, B.K., The quantification of drug-caused morbidity and mortality in Australia: The authors respond (1992) Med J Aust, 157, pp. 560-561; 
Duffy, J.C., Alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality (1995) Int J Epidemiol, 24, pp. 100-105; 
Lemmens, P.H., Drinking for health: Balancing individual risk and public health hazards (1994) Contemp Drug Probl, 21, pp. 251-271; 
Duffy, J.C., Alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality (1992) Alcohol and Illness. The Epidemiological Viewpoint, pp. 26-35. , Duffy JC, ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 
Holman, C.D.J., English, D.R., An improved aetiologic fraction for alcohol-caused mortality (1995) Aust J Publ Hlth, 19, pp. 138-141; 
Marmot, M., Brunner, E., Alcohol and cardiovascular disease: The status of the U shaped curve (1991) Br Med J, 303, pp. 565-568; 
Anderson, P., Cremona, A., Paton, A., Turner, C., Wallace, P., The risk of alcohol (1993) Addiction, 88, pp. 1493-1508; 
Maclure, M., Demonstration of deductive meta-analysis: Ethanol intake and risk of myocardial infarction (1993) Epidemiol Rev, 15, pp. 328-351; 
Klatsky, A.L., Epidemiology of coronary heart disease -influence of alcohol (1994) Alcoholism: Clin Exp Res, 18, pp. 88-96; 
Shaper, A.G., Alcohol intake and mortality (1994) Br Med J, 308, p. 598; 
Marmot, M.G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Briony, J.T., Alcohol and mortality: A U-shaped curve (1981) Lancet, 1, pp. 580-583; 
Shaper, A.G., Wannamethee, G., Walker, M., Alcohol and coronary heart disease: A perspective from the British regional heart study (1994) Int J Epidemiol, 23, pp. 482-494; 
Doll, R., Peto, R., Hall, E., Wheatley, K., Gray, R., Mortality in relation to consumption of alcohol: 13 years' observations on male British doctors (1994) Br Med J, 309, pp. 911-918; 
Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Woodward, M., Tavendale, R.A., Brook, R., McCluskey, M.K., Comparison of the prediction by 27 different factors of coronary heart disease and death in men and women of the Scottish heart health study: Cohort study (1997) Br Med J, 315, pp. 722-729; 
White, I.R., The level of alcohol consumption at which all-cause mortality is least J Clin Epidemiol, , in press; 
Miettinen, O., Proportion of disease caused and prevented by a given exposure, trait or intervention (1974) Am J Epidemiol, 99, pp. 325-332; 
McPherson, K., Assessing the net effect of alcohol consumption on mortality in England and Wales (1997) Diet, Nutrition and Chronic Disease: Lessons from Contrasting Worlds, , Shetty PS, McPherson K, eds. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033385845&doi=10.1093%2fpubmed%2f21.4.407&partnerID=40&md5=cdc2ce80358d4a4e4cc03d0788aed55a
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Does social mobility affect the size of the socioeconomic mortality differential?: Evidence from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study
T2  - Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A: Statistics in Society
J2  - J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A Stat. Soc.
VL  - 162
IS  - 1
SP  - 59
EP  - 70
PY  - 1999
SN  - 09641998 (ISSN) 
AU  - Blane, D.
AU  - Harding, S.
AU  - Rosato, M.
AD  - Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Office for National Statistics, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Dept. of Behav. and Cogn. Science, Imp. Coll. of Sci., Technol. and M., Charing Cross Hospital, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, United Kingdom
AB  - The effect of social mobility on the socioeconomic differential in mortality is examined with data from the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study. The analyses involve 46980 men aged 45-64 years in 1981. The mortality risk of the socially mobile is compared with the mortality risk of the socially stable after adjustment for their class of origin (their social class in 1971) and class of destination (their social class in 1981) separately. Among those in employment there is some evidence that movement out of their class of origin is in the direction predicted by the idea of health-related social mobility. This evidence, however, seems strongest for causes of death which are least likely to have been preceded by prolonged incapacity. Movement into the class of destination, however, shows the opposite relationship with mortality. Compared with the socially stable members of their class of destination, the upwardly mobile tend to have higher mortality and the downwardly mobile tend to have lower mortality. This relationship with the class of destination, it is suggested, may explain why socioeconomic mortality differentials do not widen with increasing age.
KW  - Gradient constraint
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Study
KW  - Social class
KW  - Social mobility
KW  - Social selection
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - biology
KW  - cause of death
KW  - Causes Of Death
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - demography
KW  - Differential Mortality
KW  - Economic Factors
KW  - economics
KW  - employment
KW  - health
KW  - Macroeconomic Factors
KW  - mortality
KW  - population
KW  - population and population related phenomena
KW  - population dynamics
KW  - risk factor
KW  - social class
KW  - social status
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - World
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Biology
KW  - Causes Of Death
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Differential Mortality
KW  - Economic Factors
KW  - Employment
KW  - Health
KW  - Macroeconomic Factors
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Social Mobility
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Socioeconomic Status
KW  - World
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Biology
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Demography
KW  - Economics
KW  - Employment
KW  - Health
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Social Mobility
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
N1  - Cited By :53
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 12294995
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Blane, D.; Dept. of Behav. and Cogn. Science, Imp. Coll. of Sci., Technol. and M., Charing Cross Hospital, St Dunstan's Road, London, W6 8RP, United Kingdom; email: d.blane@cxwms.ac.uk
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Bartley, M., Power, C., Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Shipley, M., Birth weight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: Evidence from the 1958 British cohort study (1994) Br. Med. J., 309, pp. 1475-1478; 
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Blane, D., An assessment of the Black report's explanations of health inequalities (1985) Sociol. Hlth Ill., 7, pp. 423-445; 
Blane, D., Hart, C.L., Davey Smith, G., Gillis, C., Hole, D., Hawthorne, V., The association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with socioeconomic position during childhood and during adulthood (1996) Br. Med. J., 313, pp. 1434-1438; 
Clifford, P., Heath, A.F., The political consequences of social mobility (1993) J. R. Statist. Soc. A, 156, pp. 51-61; 
Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Blane, D., Gillis, C., Hawthorne, V., Lifetime socioeconomic position and mortality: Prospective observational study (1997) Br. Med. J., 314, pp. 547-552; 
De Graaf, N.D., Heath, A.F., Husbands' and wives' voting behaviour in Britain: Class-dependent mutual influence of spouses (1992) Acta Sociol., 35, pp. 311-322; 
Faresjo, T., Svardsudd, K., Tibblin, G., Social mobility and health in a prospective study of middle-aged men (1994) Scand. J. Socl Med., 22, pp. 86-89; 
Fox, A.J., Goldblatt, P.O., (1982) Socio-demographic Mortality Differentials: Longitudinal Study 1971-75, , Series LS I. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office; 
Fox, J.W., Social class, mental illness and social mobility: The social selection-drift hypothesis for serious mental illness (1990) J. Hlth Socl Behav., 31, pp. 344-353; 
Goldberg, E.M., Morrison, S.L., Schizophrenia and social class (1963) Br. J. Psychiatr., 109, pp. 785-791; 
Goldblatt, P., Changes in social class between 1971 and 1981: Could these affect mortality differential among men of working age? (1988) Popln Trends, 51, pp. 9-17; 
Mortality by social class, 1971-85 (1989) Popln Trends, 56, pp. 6-15; 
Herzlich, C., (1973) Health and Illness, , London: Academic Press; 
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Illsley, R., Social class selection and class differences in relation to still-births and infant deaths (1955) Br. Med. J., 2, pp. 1520-1526; 
Kuh, D., Ben Shlomo, Y., (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
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Meadows, S.H., Social class migration and chronic bronchitis (1961) Br. J. Socl Med., 15, pp. 171-178; 
Ogle, W., (1885) Supplement to the 45th Annual Report of the Registrar General of Births, Deaths and Marriages in England, , London: Eyre and Spottiswoode; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033248078&partnerID=40&md5=dee6a58843cf608d8158f7d1fda275a8
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Secular changes in the association of parental divorce and children's educational attainment - Evidence from three British birth cohorts
T2  - Journal of Social Policy
J2  - J. Soc. Policy
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
SP  - 437
EP  - 455
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.1017/S0047279499005693
SN  - 00472794 (ISSN) 
AU  - Ely, M.
AU  - Richards, M.P.M.
AU  - Wadsworth, M.E.J.
AU  - Elliott, B.J.
AD  - Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC Natl. Surv. of Hlth. and Devmt., University College Medical School, Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Catherine Marsh Ctr. Census Surv. R., University of Manchester, United Kingdom
AB  - This article examines the secular trends in the overall association of parental divorce (or separation) and children's educational attainment at school-leaving age during the period spanning a quarter of a century since the second world war in Britain. The study presents a reanalysis of data from the three British birth cohorts which studied children born in 1946, 1958 and 1970. Equivalent educational attainment at the different time points is defined relative to the population distribution at the time, using the median level. The relative risks (with 95 per cent confidence intervals) of lower than median educational attainment associated with parental divorce (or separation) are 1.3 (1.2 to 1.5), 1.4 (1.3 to 1.5) and 1.4 (1.3 to 1.5) for the three cohorts respectively. These results refute the commonly held opinion that the effects of divorce on children have attenuated with the increasing prevalence of divorce.
KW  - educational attainment
KW  - marriage
KW  - social change
KW  - United Kingdom
N1  - Cited By :35
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Centre for Family Research, University of CambridgeUnited Kingdom
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Bradshaw, J., The Prevalence of Child Poverty in the United Kingdom: A comparative perspective (1998) Conference Children and Social Exclusion, , Paper University of Hull, 5-6 March 1998; 
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Davis, G., March, M., (1988) Grounds for Divorce, , Oxford. Clarendon Press; 
Dronkers, J., The changing effects of lone parent families on the educational attainment of their children in a European State (1995) Sociology, 28, pp. 171-191; 
Ely, M., West, P., Sweeting, H., Richards, M.P.M., Teenage Family Life, Lifechances, Lifestyles and Health - A Comparison of Two Contemporary Cohorts, , forthcoming; 
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Haskey, J., Recent trends in divorce in England and Wales: The effects of legislative changes (1986) Population Trends, 44, pp. 9-11; 
Halsey, A.H., Heath, A.F., Ridge, J.M., (1980) Origins and Destinations: Family, Class, and Education in Modern Britain, , Oxford University Press; 
Jonsson, J., Gahler, M., Family dissolution, family restitution and children's educational careers: Recent evidence from Sweden (1997) Demography, 34, pp. 277-293; 
Katz, D., Baptista, J., Azen, S.P., Pike, M.C., Obtaining confidence intervals for the risk ratio in cohort studies (1978) Biometrics, 34, pp. 469-474; 
Kiernan, K.E., The impact of family disruption in childhood on transitions made in young adult life (1992) Population Studies, 51, pp. 41-55; 
Kiernan, K.E., (1997) The Legacy of Parental Divorce: Social, Economic and Demographic Experiences in Adulthood, , CASE/1 ESRC Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, London School of Economics; 
Kuh, D.J.L., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Physical health status at 36 years in a British National Birth Cohort (1993) Social Science Medicine, 37, pp. 905-916; 
Lewis, J., Kiernan, K.E., The boundaries between marriage, nonmarriage, and parenthood: Changes in behaviour and policy in postwar Britain (1996) Journal of Family History, 21, pp. 372-387; 
(1997) Social Focus on Families, , HMSO, London; 
Philips, R., (1988) Putting Asunder: A History of Divorce in Western Society, , Cambridge University Press; 
Richards, M.P.M., Divorce numbers and divorce legislation (1996) Family Law, pp. 151-153; 
Richards, M.P.M., Ely, M., Children's well-being, parental divorce and family life; what seems to make the difference in the longer term? (1997) Proceedings of the Child and Family Policy Conference: Enhancing Children's Potential: Minimising Risk and Maximising Resiliency, , Paper Children's Issues Centre, University of Otago, New Zealand. 2-4 July 1997; 
Rodgers, B., Social and psychological wellbeing of children from divorced families (1996) Australian Research Findings, 31, pp. 174-182; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1979) Roots of Delinquency: Infancy, Adolescence and Crime, , Martin Robertson, Oxford; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., Maclean, M., Parents' divorce and children's life chances (1986) Children and Youth Services Review, 8, pp. 145-159; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., Evidence from three birth cohort studies for longterm and cross-generational effects on the development of children (1986) Children of Social Worlds, , P. Light and M. P. M. Richards (eds.), Polity Press, Oxford; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., Relationships between parents and children (1986) Public and Private Lives: Reflections on Family Life in Britain, , J. Burgoyne and M. P. M. Richards (eds.); 
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Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The Imprint of Time: Childhood, History and Adult Life, , Oxford University Press; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., Kuh, D., Are gains in child health being undermined? (1993) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 35, pp. 742-745
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032741418&doi=10.1017%2fS0047279499005693&partnerID=40&md5=3fb5fb2dd5a3fddcfb81c09817e300f6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Critical review of the epidemiology literature on the potential cancer risks of methylene chloride
T2  - International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health
J2  - Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health
VL  - 72
IS  - 7
SP  - 429
EP  - 442
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.1007/s004200050396
SN  - 03400131 (ISSN) 
AU  - Dell, L.D.
AU  - Mundt, K.A.
AU  - McDonald, M.
AU  - Tritschler II, J.P.
AU  - Mundt, D.J.
AD  - Applied Epidemiology, Inc., P.O. Box 2424, Amherst, MA 01004, United States
AD  - Dept. of Biostatist. and Epidemiol., Sch. of Pub. Hlth. and Hlth. Sci., University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
AD  - Department of Health Studies, University of Chicago, MC2007, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
AD  - Health Effects Institute, 955 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
AB  - Objective: To critically review and summarize the epidemiological evidence published to date on the carcinogenicity of methylene chloride to humans. Methods: Papers for review were identified through Medline (National Library of Medicine) and were limited to epidemiology studies. Studies were classified using three categories. Primary studies focused on the association between methylene chloride and cancer among occupational cohorts primarily exposed to methylene chloride. Secondary studies identified methylene chloride a priori as a potential exposure of interest, and the investigators either characterized the methylene chloride exposure or described results for the methylene chloride-exposed workers separately. Tertiary studies evaluated cohorts either minimally exposed to methylene chloride or presumed exposed but for which no exposure estimation or separate classification was made. Results: No strong or consistent finding for any site of cancer was apparent despite several studies of large occupational cohorts of workers potentially exposed to high concentrations of methylene chloride. Sporadic and weak associations were reported for cancers of the pancreas, liver and biliary passages, breast, and brain. Although these studies collectively cannot rule out the possibility of any cancer risk associated with methylene chloride exposure, they do support a conclusion of no substantive cancer risk. Conclusions: Continued followup of the established cohorts may elucidate the few and inconsistent relationships reported to date; however, it appears likely that risks associated with methylene chloride exposure, if any, are small and limited to rare cancers. The usefulness of additional cohort studies for the evaluation of cancer risks associated with methylene chloride exposure will depend largely on whether the relevant exposure period has passed and whether exposure characterization (e.g., peak or intermittent exposure or intensity) can be improved.
KW  - Carcinogenicity
KW  - Cellulose triacetate
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Methylene chloride
KW  - Review
KW  - dichloromethane
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - carcinogenicity
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - human
KW  - occupational cancer
KW  - occupational exposure
KW  - review
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Canada
KW  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Methylene Chloride
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Occupational Exposure
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :15
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IAOHD
C2  - 10541908
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Mundt, K.A.; Applied Epidemiology Inc., PO Box 2424, Amherst, MA 01004, United States; email: appliedepi@csi.com
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Methylene Chloride, 75-09-2
N1  - Funding text: Acknowledgements We thank Harvey Checkoway, Ph.D., Terry Hearne, M.S., Jon Amsel, Sc.D., Louis Bloemen, M.Sc., M.P.H., and Peter Voytek, Ph.D., for reviewing and providing critical comments on a draft of this review. This review was sponsored by the Halogenated Solvents Industry Alliance, Washington, D.C.
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Beazley, R.M., Cohn, I., Tumors of the pancreas, gallbladder, and extrahepatic ducts (1991) American Cancer Society Textbook of Clinical Oncology, pp. 219-236. , Holleb AI, Fink DJ, Murphy GP (eds). American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia; 
Blair, A., Hartge, P., Stewart, P.A., McAdams, M., Lubin, J., Mortality and cancer incidence of workers at an aircraft maintenance facility exposed to trichloroethylene and other organic solvents and chemicals: Extended follow-up (1998) Occup Environ Med, 55, pp. 161-171; 
Burek, J.D., Nitschke, K.D., Bell, T.J., Wackerle, D.L., Childs, R.C., Beyer, J.E., Dittember, D.A., McKenna, M.J., Methylene chloride: A two-year inhalation toxicity and oncogenicity study in rats and hamsters (1984) Fundam Appl Toxicol, 4, pp. 30-47; 
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Carriaga, M.T., Henson, D.E., Liver, gallbladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, and pancreas (1995) Cancer, 75 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 171-190; 
Chow, W.H., McLaughlin, J.K., Menck, H.R., Mack, T.M., Risk factors for extrahepatic bile duct cancers: Los Angeles County, California (1994) Cancer Causes Control, 5, pp. 267-272; 
Collier, H., Methylene dichloride intoxication in industry: A report of two cases (1936) Lancet, 1, pp. 594-595; 
DiVincenzo, G.D., Kaplan, C.J., Uptake, metabolism, and elimination of methylene chloride vapor by humans (1981) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 59, pp. 130-140; 
Fraumeni, J.F., Devesa, S.S., McLaughlin, J.K., Stanford, J.L., Biliary tract cancer (1996) Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, pp. 794-805. , Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF (eds). Oxford University, Oxford New York; 
Friedlander, B.R., Hearne, T., Hall, S., Epidemiologic investigation of employees chronically exposed to methylene chloride. Mortality analysis (1978) J Occup Med, 20, pp. 657-666; 
Gibbs, G.W., Amsel, J., Soden, K., A cohort mortality study of cellulose triacetate-fiber workers exposed to methylene chloride (1996) J Occup Environ Med, 38, pp. 693-697; 
Goldberg, M.S., Thériault, G., Retrospective cohort study of workers of a synthetic textiles plant in Quebec. I. General mortality (1994) Am J Ind Med, 25, pp. 889-907; 
Gomez, M.R., Cocco, P., Dosemeci, M., Stewart, P.A., Occupational exposure to chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons: Job exposure matrix (1994) Am J Ind Med, 26, pp. 171-183; 
Hearne, F.T., Friedlander, B.R., Follow-up of methylene chloride study (1981) J Occup Med, 23, p. 660; 
Hearne, F.T., Grose, F., Pifer, J.W., Friedlander, B.R., Raleigh, R.L., Methylene chloride mortality study: Dose-response characterization and animal model comparison (1987) J Occup Med, 29, pp. 217-228; 
Hearne, F.T., Pifer, J.W., Grose, F., Absence of adverse mortality effects in workers exposed to methylene chloride: An update (1990) J Occup Med, 32, pp. 234-240; 
Hearne, F.T., Pifer, J.W., Grose, F., (1992) Mortality Study of 1964-1970 Cohort of Employees Exposed to Methyle Chloride: An Update, , OSHA Methylene Chloride Docket H-71. OHSA, Washington, DC; 
Hearne, F.T., Pifer, J.W., Grose, F., (1992) Mortality Study of Workers First Employed in a Methylene Chloride Area 1946-1970, , OSHA Methylene Chloride Docket H-71. OHSA, Washington, DC; 
Heineman, E.F., Cocco, P., Gomez, M.R., Dosemeci, M., Stewart, P.A., Hayes, R.B., Hoar Zahm, S., Blair, A., Occupational exposure to chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons and risk of astrocytic brain cancer (1994) Am J Ind Med, 26, pp. 155-169; 
Henderson, B.E., Pike, M.C., Bernstein, L., Ross, R.K., Breast cancer (1996) Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, pp. 1022-1039. , Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF (eds). Oxford University, Oxford New York; 
(1996) Environmental Health Criteria: Methylene Chloride, , World Health Organization, Geneva; 
Kato, I., Nomura, A.M.Y., Stemmermann, G.N., Chyou, P.H., Prospective study of the association of alcohol with cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract and other sites (1992) Cancer Causes Control, 3, pp. 145-151; 
Lanes, S.F., Cohen, A., Rothman, K.J., Dreyer, N.A., Soden, K.J., Mortality of cellulose fiber production workers (1990) Scand J Work Environ Health, 16, pp. 247-251; 
Lanes, S.F., Rothman, K.J., Dreyer, N.A., Soden, K.J., Mortality update of cellulose fiber production workers (1993) Scand J Work Environ Health, 19, pp. 426-428; 
Moerman, C.J., Bueno De Mesquita, H.B., Runia, S., Dietary sugar intake in the aetiology of biliary tract cancer (1994) Int J Epidemiol, 22, pp. 207-214; 
(1986) Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Dichloromethane in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies), , (NIH publication 86-2562, NTP-TR 306) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; 
Ott, G.M., Skory, L.K., Holder, B.B., Bronson, J.M., Williams, M.S., Health evaluation of employees occupationally exposed to methylene chloride: General study design and environmental considerations (1983) Scand J Work Environ Health, 9 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 1-7; 
Ott, G.M., Skory, L.K., Holder, B.B., Bronson, J.M., Williams, M.S., Health evaluation of employees occupationally exposed to methylene chloride: Mortality (1983) Scand J Work Environ Health, 9 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 8-16; 
Ott, G.M., Skory, L.K., Holder, B.B., Bronson, J.M., Williams, M.S., Health evaluation of employees occupationally exposed to methylene chloride: Clinical laboratory evaluation (1983) Scand J Work Environ Health, 9 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 17-25; 
Ott, M.G., Carlo, G.L., Steinberg, S., Bond, G.G., Mortality among employees engaged in chemical manufacturing and related activities (1985) Am J Epidemiol, 122, pp. 311-322; 
Serota, D.G., Thakur, A.K., Ulland, B.M., Kirschman, J.C., Brown, N.M., Coots, R.L., Morgareidge, K., A two-year drinking water study of dichloromethane on rodents (1986) Food Chem Toxicol, 24, pp. 951-963; 
Shannon, H.S., Haines, T., Bernholz, C., Julian, J.A., Verma, D.K., Jamieson, E., Walsh, C., Cancer morbidity in lamp manufacturing workers (1988) Am J Ind Med, 14, pp. 281-290; 
Soden, K.J., An evaluation of chronic methylene chloride exposure (1993) J Occup Med, 35, pp. 282-286; 
Spirtas, R., Stewart, P.A., Lee, J.S., Marano, D.E., Forbes, C.D., Grauman, D.J., Pettigrew, H.M., Cohen, J.L., Retrospective cohort mortality study of workers at an aircraft maintenance facility. I. Epidemiologic results (1991) Br J Ind Med, 48, pp. 515-530; 
Stewart, R.D., Fisher, T.N., Hosko, M.J., Peterson, J.E., Baretta, E.D., Dodd, H.C., Experimental human exposure to methylene chloride (1972) Arch Environ Health, 25, pp. 342-348; 
Thomas, T.L., Fontham, E.T.H., Norman, S.A., Stemhagen, A., Hoover, R.N., Occupational risk factors for brain tumors: A case-referent death certificate analysis (1986) Scand J Work Environ Health, 12, pp. 121-127; 
Thomas, T.L., Stewart, P.A., Stemhagen, A., Correa, P., Norman, S.A., Bleecker, M.L., Hoover, R.N., Risk of astrocytic brain tumors associated with occupational chemical exposures: A case-referent study (1987) Scand J Work Environ Health, 13, pp. 417-423; 
Thomas, T.L., Stolley, P.D., Stemhagen, A., Fontham, E.T.H., Bleecker, M.L., Stewart, P.A., Hoover, R.N., Brain tumor mortality risk among men with electrical and electronics jobs: A case-control study (1987) J Natl Cancer Inst, 79, pp. 233-238; 
Tomenson, J.A., Bonner, S.M., Heijne, C.G., Farrar, D.G., Cummings, T.F., Mortality of workers exposed to methylene chloride employed at a plant producing cellulose triacetate film base (1997) Occup Environ Med, 54, pp. 470-476
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032821033&doi=10.1007%2fs004200050396&partnerID=40&md5=5d432d7d4e1cd1e138e54da2f6e4f5ce
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Socioeconomic status and birth weight: Comparison of an area-based measure with the Registrar General's social class
T2  - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
J2  - J. Epidemiol. Community Health
VL  - 53
IS  - 8
SP  - 495
EP  - 498
PY  - 1999
SN  - 0143005X (ISSN) 
AU  - Spencer, N.
AU  - Bambang, S.
AU  - Logan, S.
AU  - Gill, L.
AD  - Sch. of Postgrad. Medical Education, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
AD  - Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective - To compare the relation of birth weight with socioeconomic status measured by an area-based measure of material deprivation and by the Registrar General's social class. Setting - West Midlands Health Region 1991-93. Study design - Retrospective cohort study. Method - Birthweight data by enumeration district deciles ranked by Townsend Deprivation Index based on 1991 census data for all live births in the West Midlands Health Region were studied in three consecutive whole year birth cohorts, 1991 to 1993 and by Registrar General's social class in a 10% sample of live births (within marriage and jointly registered, provided by the Office of National Statistics) in the same region for the same period. Estimated proportions of births < 2500 g and < 3500 g 'attributable' to social inequalities were compared for both socioeconomic status measures. The proportion of infants in each birthweight group were calculated for both measures. Relative risk (95% confidence intervals) of birth in each birthweight group for lowest versus highest socioeconomic status groups were calculated. Results - The estimated proportions of births < 2500 g 'attributable' to social inequalities were 30% using the area-based measure and 27% using the Registrar General's social class. For births < 3500 g, the estimated proportions were 12% for the area-based measure and 7% for social class. There was a positive linear relation between the proportion of babies weighing ≥ 3500 g and increasing socio-economicc status measured by either method. Gradients in the opposite direction were noted for the proportion of babies born in the other birth weight groups. Relative risk of birth weight < 3500 g was 1.30 (95% CIs 1.28, 1.32) for most versus least deprived decile and 1.17 (95% CIs 1.10, 1.25) for social class V versus I. For birth weight < 2500 g the risks were 1.99 (95% CIs 1.85, 2.18) and 2.04 (95% CIs 1.53, 2.73) respectively and for birth weight < 1500 g, 2.11 (95% CIs 1.73, 2.57) for most versus least deprived decile (numbers too small for analysis in the Office of National Statistics sample). Conclusion - A substantial proportion of births < 2500 g and < 1500 g are statistically 'attributable' to social inequality. The results demonstrate that, using either socioeconomic measure, the likelihood of being born weighing ≥ 3500 g, the most advantageous group, is substantially greater in the socially advantaged. Using the area-based measure, an estimated 12% of births < 3500 g could be ascribed to social inequalities whereas the same figure using social class was 7%. These findings suggest that this proxy measure of socioeconomic status may be a better discriminator in the study of pregnancy outcomes in this population than classification by occupational social class. Another advantage is its almost universal availability in routine records and its universal population coverage.
KW  - article
KW  - birth certificate
KW  - birth weight
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - comparative study
KW  - cultural deprivation
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - linear system
KW  - male
KW  - newborn
KW  - normal human
KW  - prediction
KW  - pregnancy complication
KW  - risk factor
KW  - social class
KW  - social status
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - England
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant, Low Birth Weight
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Infant, Very Low Birth Weight
KW  - Residence Characteristics
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Social Class
N1  - Cited By :76
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JECHD
C2  - 10562868
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Spencer, N.; School Postgraduate Med. Education, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Drever, F., Whitehead, M., (1997) Health Inequalities, , Series DS no15. London: Office of National Statistics, The Stationery Office; 
Fedrick, J., Adelstein, P., Factors associated with low birth weight of infants delivered at term (1978) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 85, pp. 1-7; 
Read, A.W., Stanley, F.J., Small-for-gestational-age term birth: The contribution of socio-economic, behavioural and biological factors to recurrence (1993) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 7, pp. 177-194; 
Starfield, B., Shapiro, S., Weiss, J., Race, family income and low birthweight (1991) Am J Epidemiol, 134, pp. 1167-1174; 
Perinatal and Infant Mortality: Social and Biological Factors, , DH3 series. London: HMSO, annual; 
Reading, R., Openshaw, S., Jarvis, S.N., Measuring child health inequalities using aggregations of enumeration districts (1990) J Public Health Med, 12, pp. 160-167; 
Wilcox, M.A., Smith, S.J., Johnson, I.R., The effect of social deprivation on birthweight, excluding physiological and pathological effects (1995) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 102, pp. 918-924; 
Elmen, H., Hoglund, D., Karlberg, P., Birth weight for gestational age as a health indicator: Birth weight and mortality measures at a local level (1996) European Journal of Public Health, 6, pp. 137-141; 
Krieger, N., Overcoming the absence of socio-economic data in medical records: Validation and application of census-based methodology (1992) Am J Public Health, 86, pp. 703-710; 
Sloggett, A., Joshi, H., Higher mortality in deprived areas: Community or personal disadvantage? (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 1470-1474; 
Townsend, P., Phillimore, P., Beattie, A., (1988) Health and Deprivation: Inequality and the North, , Beckenham: Croom Helm; 
(1995) MIDAS PC/ED Conversion Directory, , Manchester: Manchester Information Datasets and Associated Services, University of Manchester; 
Platt, M.J., Pharaoh, P.O.D., Child health statistical review, 1996 (1996) Arch Dis Child, 75, pp. 527-533; 
Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Simmonds, S.J., The relation of small head circumference and thinness at birth to death from cardiovascular disease in adult life BMJ, 306, pp. 422-426. , 193; 
Morgenstern, H., Uses of ecologic analysis in epidemiologic research (1982) Am J Public Health, 72, pp. 1336-1344; 
Reading, R., Openshaw, S., Jarvis, S.N., Are multidimensional social classifications of areas useful in UK health service research? (1994) J Epidemiol Communny Health, 48, pp. 192-200; 
Cooper, J., Botting, B., Analysing fertility and infant mortality by mother's social class as defined by occupation (1992) Popul Trends, 70, pp. 15-21; 
Bartley, M., Power, C., Blane, D., Birth weight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: Evidence from the 1958 British cohort study (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 1475-1478
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032795908&partnerID=40&md5=3793cbad8240c2a27bb0b5eaa3d5a92a
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Incidence of thyroid cancer in Scandinavia following fallout from atomic bomb testing: An analysis of birth cohorts
T2  - Cancer Causes and Control
J2  - Cancer Causes Control
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
SP  - 181
EP  - 187
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.1023/A:1008815327004
SN  - 09575243 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lund, E.
AU  - Galanti, M.R.
AD  - Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromso, 9037 Tromso, Norway
AD  - Tobacco Prevention Centre, NOVUM, Huddinge, Sweden
AB  - Objectives: The occurrence relation between radioactive fallout from nuclear testing at Novaja Semlja in north-west Russia and the incidence of thyroid cancer in Norway and Sweden was studied following a birth cohort approach. Methods: Birth cohorts with presumably different levels of exposure were identified according to calendar year of atomic tests and previous Norwegian estimates of the population dose (born 1947-1950 received low exposure in late childhood, born 1951-1962 received the highest exposure in early childhood, born 1963-1970 were not exposed). For each one-year birth cohort the incidence rates were calculated, with denominators based on exact population figures for each year of follow-up. Results: In a stratified analysis, the relative risk for the highest exposed cohorts born 1951-1962, compared to those not exposed born 1963-1970, was found to decrease with increasing age from a borderline significant relative risk (RR) of 1.7 (95 percent confidence interval, 95% CI: 1.0-3.0) for children in the age-group 7-14 years to no excess risk among those 20-24 years of age (RR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.7-1.2). The mean age at diagnosis of thyroid cancer in the age-group 7-14 years was lowest in the birth cohorts with the highest exposure. The Poisson regression analysis showed essentially the same results, with an improved fit when adding an interaction term between age and birth-cohort to a basic model with age, gender, birth-cohort and country. Conclusion: These results are compatible with an increased risk of thyroid cancer during childhood and adolescence for subjects exposed to radioactive fallout early in life. Alternative explanations for the pattern of incidence are discussed.
KW  - Birth cohort
KW  - Cumulative incidence
KW  - Fallout
KW  - Iodine-131
KW  - Thyroid cancer
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - atomic bomb
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - dosimetry
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - Norway
KW  - population
KW  - priority journal
KW  - radioactive waste
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - Russian Federation
KW  - school child
KW  - Sweden
KW  - thyroid cancer
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age of Onset
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Environmental Exposure
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Nuclear Warfare
KW  - Radioactive Fallout
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Scandinavia
KW  - Thyroid Neoplasms
N1  - Cited By :30
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CCCNE
C2  - 10454063
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lund, E.; Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromso, 9037 Tromso, Norway
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Radioactive Fallout
N1  - Funding text: We wish to acknowledge: Lotti Barlow, the Swedish Cancer Register; Leif Moberg, Statens Strålskyddsinsti-tut, Stockholm; Gunilla Thorsell, Jordbruksverket, Jönköping. In memoriam of Professor Per Oftedal, Oslo. Financial support: Grant 8/96 Artic Monitoring and Assessment Project (AMAP) by the Norwegian Minister of Environment.
N1  - References: Pedersen, F., Hougen, A., Thyroid cancer in Norway (1969) UICC Monograph Series-Volume 12: Thyroid Cancer, 12, pp. 71-74. , Hedinger C, ed. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 
Hvinden, T., Radioaktiv nedfall i Norge (1963) Teknisk Ukeblad, 37, pp. 873-887; 
Oftedal, P., Lund, E., Cancer of the thyroid and 131-I fallout in Norway (1983) International Symposium on the Biological Effects of Low-level Radiation with Special Regard to Stochastic and Non-stochastic Effect, pp. 231-239. , Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency; 
Lund, F., Oftedal, P., Radioaktivt nedfall og thyreoideakreft i Norge (1985) Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen, 22, pp. 1680-1682; 
Pettersson, B., Adami, H.-O., Wilander, E., Coleman, M.P., Trends in thyroid cancer incidence in Sweden, 1958 1981, by histopathologic type (1991) Int J Cancer, 48, pp. 28-33; 
Møller Jensen, O., Carstensen, B., Glattre, E., Malker, B., Pukkala, E., Tulinius, H., (1988) Atlas of Cancer Incidence in the Nordic Countries, , Helsinki: Nordic Cancer Union; 
Sala, E., Olsen, J.H., Thyroid cancer in the age group 0-19: Time trends and temporal changes in radioactive fallout (1993) Eur J Cancer, 29 A, pp. 1443-1445; 
Kazakov, V.S., Demidchik, E.P., Astakhova, L.N., Thyroid cancer after Chernobyl (scientific correspondence) (1992) Nature, 359, p. 2; 
Likhtarev, I.A., Sobolev, B.G., Kairo, I.A., Tronko, N.D., Bogdanova, T.I., Olcinic, V.A., Thyroid cancer in the Ukraine (scientific correspondence) (1995) Nature, 375, p. 365; 
Hakulinen, T., Andersen, A.A., Malker, B., Pukkala, E., Schou, G., Tulinius, I.I., Trends in cancer incidence in the Nordic Countries. A collaborative study of the five Nordic Cancer Registries (1986) Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand [A], 94 (SUPPL. 288), pp. 15-16; 
Mattsson, B., Wallgren, A., Completeness of the Swedish Cancer Register. Non notified cases recorded on death certificates in 1978 (1984) Acta Radiol Oncol, 23, pp. 305-313; 
Eker, R., Hvinden, T., Berge, G., Bruusgard, A., Eldjarn, L., Hauge, S., Målinger av 131-J nedfall over Norge og beregning av de somatiske virkninger (1970) Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 90, pp. 688-691; 
Till, J.E., Simon, S.L., Kerber, R., Lloyd, R.D., Stevens, W., Lyon, J.L., The Utah Thyroid Cohort Study: Analysis of the dosimetry results (1995) Health Phys, 68, pp. 472-483; 
Edvarson, K., Fredriksson, L., Lindell, B., Äber, B., (1962) Radio-aktivitetetsmätningar På Livsmedel 1962 (Report), , Medicinalstyrelsens strälskyddsnämnd; 
Hvinden, T., Lillegraven, A., (1976) Intern Rapport F-625, , Kjeller (Norway): Norwegian Defense Research Establishment; 
Galanti, M.R., Hansson, L., Lund, E., Bergström, R., Grimelius, L., Stalsberg, H., Reproductive history and cigarettes smoking as risk factors for thyroid cancer in women: A population based case-control study (1996) Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 5, pp. 425-431; 
Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1987) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Volume II. The Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies, 2. , Iarc Scientific Publication N. 82. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 
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Shore, R.E., Issues and epidemiological evidence regarding radiation-induced thyroid cancer (1992) Radiat Res, 131, pp. 98-111; 
Hall, P., Mattsson, A., Boice, J.D.J., Thyroid cancer after diagnostic administration of iodine-131 (1996) Radiat Res, 145, pp. 86-92; 
Holm, L.-E., Dahlqvist, I., Israelsson, A., Lundell, G., Malignant thyroid tumors after iodine-131 therapy (1980) N Engl J Med, 303, pp. 188-191; 
Holm, L.-E., Hall, P., Wiklund, K., Lundell, G., Berg, G., Bjelkengren, G., Cancer risk after Iodine-131 therapy for hyperthyroidism (1991) J Natl Cancer Inst, 83, pp. 1072-1077; 
Johnson, C.J., Cancer incidence in an area of radioactive fallout downwind from the Nevada Test Site (1984) JAMA, 251, pp. 230-236; 
Hamilton, T.E., Van Belle, G., Logerfo, J.P., Thyroid neoplasia in Marshall islanders exposed to nuclear fallout (1987) JAMA, 258, pp. 629-636; 
Kerber, R.A., Till, J.E., Simon, S.L., Lyon, J.L., Thomas, D.C., Preston Martin, S., A cohort study of thyroid disesase in relation to fallout from nuclear weapons testing (1993) JAMA, 270, pp. 2076-2082; 
Simon, S.L., Lloyd, R.D., Till, J.E., Hawthorne, H.A., Gren, D.C., Rallison, M.R., Development of a method to estimate thyroid dose from fallout radioiodine in a cohort study (1990) Health Phys, 59, pp. 669-691; 
(1997) National Cancer Institute Study Estimating Thyroid Cancer Doses from I-131 Received by Americans from Nevada Atmospheric Nuclear Bomb Test. Executive Summary, p. 1997. , Http://rex.nci.gov/massmedia/exesum.html; 
Edvarson, K., Radioaktiv nedfall från kärnladdningexplosioner (1973) Lakartidningen, 70, pp. 2678-2680; 
Hvinden, T., Lillegraven, A., Lillester, O., Passage of a radioactive cloud over Norway, November 1962 (1964) Nature, 202, pp. 950-952; 
Akslen, L.A., Haldorsen, T., Thoresen, S.Ø., Glattre, E., Incidence pattern of thyroid cancer in Norway: Influence of birth cohort and time period (1993) Int J Cancer, 53, pp. 183-187; 
Franceschi, S., La Vecchia, C., Thyroid cancer (1994) Cancer Surv, 19-20, pp. 393-422; 
Lundell, M., Hakulinen, T., Holm, L.-E., Thyroid cancer after radiotherapy for skin hemangioma in infancy (1994) Radiat Res, 140, pp. 334-339; 
Inskip, P.D., Ekbom, A., Galanti, M.R., Grimelius, L., Boice J.D., Jr., Medical diagnostic X-rays and thyroid cancer (1995) J Natl Cancer Inst, 87, pp. 1613-1621
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033000620&doi=10.1023%2fA%3a1008815327004&partnerID=40&md5=dd74c05d8a58ad87d574951c24f54ad6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Social support at age 33: The influence of gender, employment status and social class
T2  - Social Science and Medicine
J2  - Soc. Sci. Med.
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
SP  - 133
EP  - 142
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00122-7
SN  - 02779536 (ISSN) 
AU  - Matthews, S.
AU  - Stansfeld, S.
AU  - Power, C.
AD  - Institute of Child Health, Dept. Epidemiol. Pub. Hlth., U., London, United Kingdom
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Univ. Coll. London, 1-19 T., London, United Kingdom
AB  - This paper investigates the conceptualisation and operationalisation of social support and it's relationship to gender, employment status and social class. Clarification of these relationships is sought in order to better understand associations between social support and health. We used data from the 33-year survey of the 1958 British birth cohort study. Individual items and subscales of practical and emotional support were examined. In general, men had lower support than women and social classes IV and V had lower support than classes I and II. Emotional support, either from personal (for example, from friends or family), or combined with organisational sources of support (such as from a church or a financial institution), showed consistent gender and social class patterns. This suggests that emotional support is a robust concept across socio-demographic groups. Less consistent trends were found for practical support, in that socio-demographic trends depended on how practical support was measured. In particular, it depended on whether both personal and organisational sources of support were examined. Gender differences in social support were large and might therefore be expected to contribute to gender differences in health, whereas social class differences in social support were modest, suggesting a minor explanatory role for this factor in accounting for inequalities in health.
KW  - British birth cohort
KW  - Employment status
KW  - Gender
KW  - Social support
KW  - employment
KW  - gender role
KW  - health impact
KW  - social network
KW  - article
KW  - controlled study
KW  - correlation function
KW  - demography
KW  - employment
KW  - female
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - sex difference
KW  - social class
KW  - social support
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Chi-Square Distribution
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Employment
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Social Support
KW  - United Kingdom
N1  - Cited By :50
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SSMDE
C2  - 10414846
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Matthews, S.; Institute of Child Health, Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: s.matthews@ich.ucl.ac.uk
N1  - References: Aneshensel, C.S., Stone, J.D., Stress and depression: A test of the buffering model of social support (1982) Archives of General Psychiatry, 39, pp. 1392-1396; 
Antonucci, T.C., Akiyama, H., An examination of sex differences in social support among older men and women (1987) Sex Roles, 17 (11-12), pp. 737-749; 
Barrera, M., Social support in the adjustment of pregnant adolescents: Assessment issues (1981) Social Networks and Social Support, pp. 69-96. , B.H. Gottlieb. Beverley Hills, CA: Sage Publications; 
Bartley, M., Unemployment and ill health: Understanding the relationship (1994) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 48, pp. 333-337; 
Berkman, L.F., Assessing the physical health effects of social networks and social support (1984) Annual Review of Public Health, 5, pp. 413-432; 
Berkman, L., Breslow, L., (1983) Health and Ways of Living. the Alameda County Study, , New York: Oxford University Press; 
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Brugha, T.S., Bebbington, P.E., MacCarthy, B., Sturt, E., Wykes, T., Potter, J., Gender, social support and recovery from depressive disorders: A prospective clinical study (1990) Psychological Medicine, 20, pp. 147-156; 
Burke, R.J., Weir, T., Duwors, R.E., Type A behaviour of administrators and wives' reports of material satisfaction and well being (1979) Journal of Applied Psychology, 64 (1), pp. 57-65; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The duration and timing of exposure: Effects of socioeconomic environment on adult health
T2  - American Journal of Public Health
J2  - Am. J. Public Health
VL  - 89
IS  - 7
SP  - 1059
EP  - 1065
PY  - 1999
SN  - 00900036 (ISSN) 
AU  - Power, C.
AU  - Manor, O.
AU  - Matthews, S.
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Sch. of Pub. Hlth. and Comm. Med., Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
AB  - Objectives. This study investigated timing and duration effects of socio-economic status (SES) on self-rated health at 33 years of age and established whether health risks are modified by changing SES and whether cumulative SES operates through education. Methods. Data were from the 1958 British birth cohort. Occupational class at birth and at 16, 23, and 33 years of age was used to generate a lifetime SES score. Results. At 33 years of age, 12% of men and women reported poor health. SES at birth and at 16, 23, and 33 years of age was significantly associated with poor health: all ages except 16 years in men made an additional contribution to the prediction of poor health. No large differences in effect sizes emerged, suggesting that timing was not a major factor. Odds of poor health increased by 15% (men) and 18% (women) with a 1-unit increase in the lifetime SES score. Strong effects of lifetime SES persisted after adjustment for education level. Conclusions. SES from birth to 33 years of age had a cumulative effect on poor health in early adulthood. This highlights the importance of duration of exposure to socioeconomic conditions for adult health.
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - controlled study
KW  - education
KW  - female
KW  - health hazard
KW  - health status
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - normal human
KW  - prediction
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - social class
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Humans
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Male
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :111
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJPEA
C2  - 10394316
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Dept. of Epidemiology/Public Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: c.power@ich.ucl.ac.uk
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A survey of infections in United Kingdom laboratories, 1994-1995
T2  - Journal of Clinical Pathology
J2  - J. Clin. Pathol.
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
SP  - 415
EP  - 418
PY  - 1999
SN  - 00219746 (ISSN) 
AU  - Walker, D.
AU  - Campbell, D.
AD  - Scottish Ctr. Infect./Environ. Hlth., Clifton House, Clifton Place, Glasgow G3 7LN, United Kingdom
AD  - Health Promotion, Auckland Healthcare, 2 Owens Road, Epson, Symaids Street, Auckland 1, New Zealand
AB  - Aims - To identify the number and type of infections occurring in United Kingdom clinical laboratories during 1994 and 1995, following similar surveys covering 1970 to 1989. Methods - A retrospective questionnaire survey was undertaken of 397 responding UK clinical laboratories covering 1994 and 1995. A follow up telephone survey was undertaken with each of the laboratories from which a questionnaire had been received indicating a possible or probable laboratory acquired infection during 1994 or 1995. Results - Questionnaires were sent to 659 laboratories or organisations which were thought to have laboratories, of which 557 responded (response rate of 84.5%). Of these, only 397 were from organisations with laboratories. Over 55 000 person-years of occupational exposure were covered, and only nine cases identified, giving an infection incidence rate overall of 16.2/100 000 person-years, compared with 82.7 infections/100 000 person-years found in a similar survey covering 1988 and 1989, reported previously. Infections were commonest in females, in relatively young staff, in microbiology laboratory workers, and in scientific/technical employees. Gastrointestinal infections predominated, particularly shigellosis, but few specific aetiological factors relating to working practices were identified. No hepatitis B cases were reported. Conclusions - The small number of cases identified indicates high standards of infection control, though there is stir room for improvement. Periodic studies of this kind are not adequate for comprehensive monitoring of the incidence of laboratory acquired infections. That will require the introduction of a routine, active surveillance programme or prospective survey which has the support and commitment of the laboratories themselves.
KW  - Infection control
KW  - Laboratory acquired infections
KW  - Occupational exposure
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - clinical article
KW  - clinical laboratory
KW  - female
KW  - gastrointestinal infection
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - infection
KW  - infection control
KW  - laboratory personnel
KW  - male
KW  - microbiology
KW  - occupational exposure
KW  - priority journal
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - retrospective study
KW  - shigellosis
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Gastrointestinal Diseases
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infection Control
KW  - Laboratories, Hospital
KW  - Laboratory Infection
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Occupational Exposure
KW  - Retrospective Studies
N1  - Cited By :14
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JCPAA
C2  - 10562807
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Walker, D.; Scottish Ctr. Infect./Envtl. Health, Clifton House, Clifton Place, Glasgow G3 7LN, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Grist, N.R., Emslie, J.A.N., Association of clinical pathologists' surveys of infection in British clinical laboratories, 1970-1989 (1994) J Clin Pathol, 47, pp. 391-394; 
Grist, N.R., Emslie, J.A.N., Infections in British Clinical Laboratories, 1988-1989 (1991) J Clin Pathol, 44, pp. 667-669
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ovarian cancer and occupational exposures in Finland
T2  - American Journal of Industrial Medicine
J2  - Am. J. Ind. Med.
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
SP  - 83
EP  - 89
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199907)36:1<83::AID-AJIM12>3.0.CO;2-Q
SN  - 02713586 (ISSN) 
AU  - Vasama-Neuvonen, K.
AU  - Pukkala, E.
AU  - Paakkulainen, H.
AU  - Mutanen, P.
AU  - Weiderpass, E.
AU  - Boffetta, P.
AU  - Shen, N.
AU  - Kauppinen, T.
AU  - Vainio, H.
AU  - Partanen, T.
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Biostatist., Finnish Inst. of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Intl. Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Biostatist., McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Biostatist., Finnish Inst. of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 A, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland
AB  - Background: No single occupational or environmental agent has been established as causing ovarian cancer, existing studies often being based on ecologic or proportional mortality data in which potential confounders related to reproductive history have not been taken into account. Methods: This study linked 324 job titles of occupationally active Finnish women (n = 892,591) at 1970 census with incidence of ovarian cancer (Finnish Cancer Registry, 5,072 cases) during 1971-1995 (over 15 million person-years). The job titles were converted into indicators of exposure to 33 agents, using a national job-exposure matrix based on measurements and surveys (FINJEM). Poisson regression analyses were performed with stratification by birth cohort, follow-up period, and socioeconomic status, and adjusted for mean number of children, mean age at first delivery, and turnover rate for each job title. Results: We found indications of elevated risks for aromatic hydrocarbon solvents (standardized incidence ratio 1.3 (95% CI 1.0-1.7), leather dust (1.4; 0.7-2.7), man-made vitreous fibers (1.3; 0.9-1.8), and high levels of asbestos (1.3; 0.9-1.8), and diesel (1.7; 0.7-4.1), and gasoline (1.5; 1.0-2.0) engine exhausts). Previously reported findings for hairdressers and women in the printing industry were supported in our data, but not for women in dry cleaning jobs. Conclusions: Given the various drawbacks in linkage studies and job-exposure matrices, the excesses found in this study need confirmation in individual-level studies.
KW  - Asbestos
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Engine exhaust
KW  - Exposure
KW  - Job exposure matrix
KW  - Leather dust
KW  - Man-made vitreous fibers
KW  - Occupation
KW  - Ovary
KW  - Solvents
KW  - aromatic hydrocarbon
KW  - asbestos
KW  - gasoline
KW  - conference paper
KW  - exhaust gas
KW  - female
KW  - female worker
KW  - fiber
KW  - human
KW  - leather industry
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - occupation
KW  - occupational exposure
KW  - ovary cancer
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - Databases, Factual
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Occupational Diseases
KW  - Occupational Exposure
KW  - Occupations
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Ovarian Neoplasms
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Women's Health
N1  - Cited By :51
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Conference Paper
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJIMD
C2  - 10361591
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Vasama-Neuvonen, K.; Dept. of Epidemiol./Biostatistics, Finnish Inst. of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 A, FIN-00250 Helsinki, Finland; email: kvas@occuphealth.fi
N1  - References: Acheson, E.D., Gardner, M.J., Pippard, E.C., Grime, L.P., Mortality of two groups of women who manufactured gas masks from chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos. A 40-year follow-up (1982) Br J Ind Med, 29, pp. 344-348; 
Boffetta, P., Andersen, A., Lynge, E., Barlow, L., Pukkala, E., Employment as hairdresser and risk of ovarian cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas among women (1994) J Occup Med, 36, pp. 61-65; 
Booth, M., Beral, V., Smith, P., Risk factors for ovarian cancer: A case-control study (1989) Br J Cancer, 60, pp. 4592-4598; 
Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1987) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Volume II: The Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies, , Lyon: IARC Sci Pub No 92; 
Carpenter, L., Roman, E., Identifying associations between cancer and occupation in women in Europe. The role of routinely collected national data (1995) Med Lav, 86, pp. 252-255; 
(1974) Population Census 1970: Occupational and Social Position. Official Statistics of Finland VI C:104, 9. , Helsinki: Central Statistical Office of Finland; 
Chen, Y., Wu, P.C., Lang, J.H., Ge, W.J., Hartge, P., Brinton, L.A., Risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer in Beijing, China (1992) Int J Epidemiol, 21, pp. 23-29; 
Cook, L.S., Kamb, M.L., Weiss, N.S., Perineal powder exposure and the risk of ovarian cancer (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 145, pp. 359-465; 
Costa, G., Faggiano, F., Lagorio, S., (1995) Occupational Mortality in Italy in the 1980s, , Rome: Istituto Superiore per la Prevenzione la Sicurezza del Lavoro (in Italian); 
Cralley, L.J., Key, M.M., Groth, D.H., Lainhart, W.S., Ligo, R.M., Fibrous and mineral content of cosmetic talcum powders (1968) Am Ind Hyg Assoc J, 29, pp. 350-354; 
Cramer, D.W., Welch, W.R., Scully, R.E., Wojciechowski, C.A., Ovarian cancer and talc: A case-control study (1982) Cancer, 50, pp. 372-376; 
Donna, A., Crosignani, P., Robutti, F., Betta, P.G., Bocca, R., Mariani, N., Ferrario, F., Fissi, R., Triazine herbicides and ovarian epithelial neoplasms (1989) Scand J Work Environ Health, 15, pp. 47-53; 
Duh, R.W., Asal, N.R., Mortality among laundry and dry cleaning workers in Oklahoma (1984) Am J Public Health, 74, pp. 1278-1280; 
(1997) Cancer Incidence in Finland 1995, , Cancer Society of Finland Publication No 58. Helsinki, Finland; 
Greenblatt, M.S., Bennett, W.P.I., Hollstein, M., Harris, C.C., Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene: Clues to cancer etiology and molecular pathogenesis (1994) Cancer Res, 54, pp. 4855-4878; 
Harlow, B.L., Cramer, D.W., Bell, D.A., Welch, W.R., Perineal exposure to talc and ovarian cancer risk (1992) Obstet Gynecol, 80, pp. 19-26; 
Hartge, P., Hoover, R., Leshier, L.P., McGowan, L., Talc and ovarian cancer (1983) JAMA, 250, p. 1844; 
(1993) Occupational Exposures of Hairdressers and Barbers and Personal Use of Hair Colourants, Some Hair Dyes, Cosmetic Colourants, Industrial Dyestuffs and Aromatic Amines, 57. , Lyon, France: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans; 
(1995) Dry Cleaning, Some Chlorinated Solvents and Other Industrial Chemicals, 63. , Lyon, France: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans; 
(1996) Printing Processes and Printing Inks, Carbon Black, and Some Nitro Compounds, 65. , Lyon, France: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans; 
Katz, R.M., Jowett, D., Female laundry and dry cleaning workers in Wisconsin: A mortality analysis (1981) Am J Public Health, 71, pp. 305-307; 
Kauppinen, T., Toikkanen, J., Pukkala, E., From cross-tabulations to multipurpose exposure information systems: A new job-exposure matrix (1998) Am J Ind Med, 33, pp. 409-417; 
Keal, E.E., Asbestos and abdominal neoplasms (1960) Lancet, 2, pp. 1211-1216; 
Kolari, R., Occupational mobility 1970/1975 (1983) Official Statistics of Finland No 97 (In Finnish), , Helsinki: Statistics Finland; 
Kono, S., Tokudune, S., Ikeda, M., Youshimura, T., Kuratsone, M., Cancer and other causes of death among female beauticians (1983) J Natl Cancer Inst, 70, pp. 443-446; 
Lasky, T., Silbergeld, E., p53 mutations associated with breast, colorectal, liver, lung, and ovarian cancers (1996) Environ Health Perspect, 104, pp. 1324-1331; 
Levine, A.J., Wu, M.C., Chang, A., Silver, A., Attiyeh, E.F., Lin, J., Epstein, C.B., The spectrum of mutations at the p53 locus. Evidence for tissue-specific mutagenesis, selection of mutant alleles, and a "gain of function" phenotype (1995) Ann NY Acad Sci, 768, pp. 111-128; 
Lynge, E., Thygesen, L., Primary liver cancer among women in laundry and dry-cleaning work in Denmark (1990) Scand J Work Environ Health, 16, pp. 108-112; 
Lynge, E., Andreassen Rix, B., Villadsen, E., Andersen, I., Hink, M., Olsen, E., Lucht Moller, U., Silfverberg, E., Cancer in printing workers in Denmark (1995) Occup Environ Health, 52, pp. 738-744; 
Malker, H.S.R., Gemne, G., A register-epidemiology study on cancer among Swedish printing industry workers (1987) Arch Environ Health, 42, pp. 73-82; 
Nakamura, K., Mortality patterns among cleaning workers (1985) Jpn J Ind Health, 27, pp. 24-37; 
Newhouse, M.L., Berry, G., Wagner, J.C., Turok, M.E., A study of the mortality of female asbestos workers (1972) Br J Ind Med, 29, pp. 134-141; 
Newhouse, M.L., Berry, G., Wagner, J.C., Mortality of factory workers in east London 1933-80 (1985) Br J Ind Med, 42, pp. 4-11; 
Notkola, V., Pajunen, A., Leino-Arjas, P., (1995) Scaffolds, Factory or Office - A Study of Mortality and Disability by Occupation, , Helsinki: Official Statistics of Finland; 
Parkin, D.M., Pisani, P., Ferlay, J., Estimates of the worldwide incidence of eighteen major cancers in 1985 (1993) Int J Cancer, 54, pp. 594-606; 
Pukkala, E., Cancer risks by social class and occupation. A survey of 109,000 cancer cases among Finns of working age (1995) Contributions to Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 7. , Basel: Karger; 
Pukkala, E., Nokso-Koivisto, P., Roponen, P., Changing cancer risk pattern among Finnish hairdressers (1992) Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 64, pp. 39-42; 
Rohl, A.N., Langer, A.M., Selikoff, I.J., Tordini, A., Klimentidis, R., Consumer talcums and powders: Mineral and chemical characterization (1976) J Toxicol Environ Health, 2, pp. 255-284; 
Rosenblatt, K.O., Szklo, M., Rosenshein, N.B., Mineral fiber exposure and the development of ovarian cancer (1992) Gynecol Oncol, 45, pp. 20-25; 
Ruder, A.M., Ward, E.M., Brown, D.P., Cancer mortality in female and male dry-cleaning workers (1994) J Occup Med, 36, pp. 867-874; 
Shen, N., Weiderpass, E., Anttila, A., Goldberg, M.S., Vasama-Neuvonen, K.M., Boffetta, P., Vainio, H.U., Partanen, T.J., Epidemiology of occupational and environmental risk factors related to ovarian cancer (1998) Scand J Work Environ Health, 24 (3), pp. 175-182; 
Spinelli, J.J., Gallagher, R.P., Band, P.R., Threlfall, W.J., Multiple myeloma, leukemia, and cancer of the ovary in cosmetologists and hairdressers (1984) Am J Ind Med, 6, pp. 97-102; 
Stavraky, K.M., Clarke, E.A., Donner, A., A case-control study of hair-dye use and cancers of various sites (1981) Br J Cancer, 43, pp. 236-239; 
Teppo, L., Pukkala, E., Lehtonen, M., Data quality and quality control of a population-based cancer registry. Experience in Finland (1994) Acta Oncol, 33, pp. 365-369; 
Teta, M.J., Walrath, J., Meigs, J.W., Flannery, J.T., Cancer incidence among cosmetologists (1984) J Natl Cancer Inst, 72, pp. 1051-1057; 
Walker, J.T., Burnett, C.A., Lalich, N.R., Sestito, J.P., Halperin, W.E., Cancer mortality among laundry and dry cleaning workers (1997) Am J Ind Med, 32, pp. 614-619; 
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(1996) The World Health Report 1996, , Geneva: World Health Organization
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033013970&doi=10.1002%2f%28SICI%291097-0274%28199907%2936%3a1%3c83%3a%3aAID-AJIM12%3e3.0.CO%3b2-Q&partnerID=40&md5=e249bbd53206b7fd2c4cf30872370664
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Breast cancer and occupational exposures in women in Finland
T2  - American Journal of Industrial Medicine
J2  - Am. J. Ind. Med.
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
SP  - 48
EP  - 53
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199907)36:1<48::AID-AJIM7>3.0.CO;2-2
SN  - 02713586 (ISSN) 
AU  - Weiderpass, E.
AU  - Pukkala, E.
AU  - Kauppinen, T.
AU  - Mutanen, P.
AU  - Paakkulainen, H.
AU  - Vasama-Neuvonen, K.
AU  - Boffetta, P.
AU  - Partanen, T.
AD  - Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Biostatist., Finnish Inst. of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Intl. Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
AD  - Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, P.O. Box 281, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - Background: The etiology of breast cancer is not fully understood. Environmental and occupational exposures may contribute to breast cancer risk. Methods: We linked 324 job titles from the 1970 census of 892,591 Finnish women with incidence of breast cancer (23,638 cases) during 1971- 1995. We converted job titles to 31 chemical and two ergonomic agents through a measurement-based, period-specific, national job-exposure matrix. Poisson regression models were fit to the data, with adjustment for birth cohort, follow-up period, socioeconomic status, mean number of children, mean age at first delivery, and turnover rate. Results: For premenopausal breast cancer, medium/high level of occupational exposure to ionizing radiation was associated with a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 1.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7-2.5; trend P = 0.03). For postmenopausal breast cancer, we found an SIR of 1.2 (1.1-1.3) for low level and 1.4 (1.1-1.8) for medium/high level of ionizing radiation (trend P = 0.001); and an SIR 1.3 (1.1-1.7) for medium/high levels of both asbestos and man-made vitreous fibers. Aromatic hydrocarbon solvents showed a significant trend for a modest excess of postmenopausal breast cancer. Conclusions: Our study indicates that occupational exposure to ionizing radiation may be associated with an increased risk of female breast cancer. High-quality studies on environmental and occupational etiology of breast cancer are needed for further elucidation of risk factors.
KW  - Breast neoplasms
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Finland
KW  - Job exposure matrix
KW  - Occupational exposures
KW  - Women
KW  - aromatic hydrocarbon
KW  - asbestos
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - conference paper
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - female worker
KW  - fiber
KW  - human
KW  - ionizing radiation
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - occupation
KW  - occupational exposure
KW  - postmenopause
KW  - premenopause
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Breast Neoplasms
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - Databases, Factual
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - Humans
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Occupational Diseases
KW  - Occupational Exposure
KW  - Occupations
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Postmenopause
KW  - Premenopause
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Women's Health
N1  - Cited By :43
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Conference Paper
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJIMD
C2  - 10361586
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Weiderpass, E.; Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, P.O. Box 281, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; email: Elisabete.Weiderpass@MEP.KI.SE
N1  - References: Adams, E.E., Brues, A.M., Breast cancer in female radium dial workers first employed before 1930 (1980) J Occup Med, 22, pp. 583-587; 
Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1987) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Volume II: Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies, 2. , Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Sci Pub No 82; 
Cantor, K.P., Stewart, P.A., Brinton, L.A., Dosemeci, M., Occupational exposures and female breast cancer mortality in the United States (1995) J Occup Environ Med, 37, pp. 336-348; 
(1974) Population Census 1970: Occupation and Social Position, 9. , Helsinki: Official Statistics of Finland VI C:104; 
Dosemeci, M., Cocco, P., Gomez, M., Steward, P.A., Heineman, E.F., Effects of three features of a job-exposure matrix on the risk estimates (1994) Epidemiology, 5, pp. 124-127; 
Doody, M.M., Mandel, J.S., Boice J.D., Jr., Employment practices and breast cancer among radiologic technologists (1995) J Occup Environ Med, 37, pp. 321-327; 
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Goldberg, M.S., Labrèche, F., Occupational risk factors for female breast cancer: A review (1996) Occup Environ Med, 53, pp. 145-156; 
Kauppinen, T., Toikkanen, J., Pukkala, E., From cross-tabulations to multipurpose exposure information systems: A new job-exposure matrix (1998) Am J Ind Med, 33, pp. 409-417; 
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Morton, W.E., Major differences in breast cancer risks among occupations (1995) J Occup Environ Med, 37, pp. 328-335; 
Notkola, V., Pajunen, A., Leino-Arjas, P., (1995) Scaffolds, Factory, or Office - a Study of Mortality and Disability by Occupation, , Helsinki: Official Statistics of Finland; 
Pukkala, E., Cancer risk by social class and occupation. A survey of 109,000 cancer cases among Finns of working age (1995) Contributions to Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 7. , Basel: Karger; 
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Thune, I., Brenn, T., Lund, E., Gaard, M., Physical activity and the risk of breast cancer (1997) N Engl J Med, 336, pp. 1269-1275; 
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Welp, E.A., Weiderpass, E., Boffetta, P., Vainio, H., Vasama-Neuvonen, K., Petralia, S., Partanen, T.J., Environmental risk factors for breast cancer (1998) Scand J Work Environ Health, 24, pp. 3-7
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033020650&doi=10.1002%2f%28SICI%291097-0274%28199907%2936%3a1%3c48%3a%3aAID-AJIM7%3e3.0.CO%3b2-2&partnerID=40&md5=68cca7658d8e502a7ef47d2764575221
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Alcohol consumption and mortality from all causes, coronary heart disease, and stroke: Results from a prospective cohort study of Scottish men with 21 years of follow up
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - Br. Med. J.
VL  - 318
IS  - 7200
SP  - 1725
EP  - 1729
PY  - 1999
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Hart, C.L.
AU  - Smith, G.D.
AU  - Hole, D.J.
AU  - Hawthorne, V.M.
AD  - Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128RZ, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BSS 2PR, United Kingdom
AD  - West of Scotland Cancer Surveillance Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128KZ, United Kingdom
AD  - University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Ann Arbor, MI-18109, United States
AB  - Objectives. To relate alcohol consumption to mortality. Design. Prospective cohort study. Setting. 27 workplaces in the west of Scotland. Participants. 5766 men aged 35-64 when screened in 1970-3 who answered questions on their usual weekly alcohol consumption. Main outcome measures. Mortality from all causes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and alcohol related causes over 21 years of follow up related to units of alcohol consumed per week. Results. Risk for all cause mortality was similar for non-drinkers and men drinking up to 14 units a week. Mortality risk then showed a graded association with alcohol consumption (relative late compared with non-drinkers 1.34 (95% confidence interval 1.14 to 1.58) for 15-21 units a week, 1.49 (1.27 to 1.75 for 22-34 units, 1.74 (1.47 to 2.06) for 35 or more units). Adjustment for risk factors attenuated the increased relative risks, but they remained significantly above 1 for men drinking 22 or more units a week. There was no strong relation between alcohol consumption and mortality from coronary heart disease after adjustment. A strong positive relation was seen between alcohol consumption and risk of mortality from stroke, with men drinking 35 or more units having double the risk of non-drinkers, even after adjustment. Conclusions. The overall association between alcohol consumption and mortality is unfavourable for men drinking over 22 units a week, and there is no clear evidence of any protective effect for men drinking less than this.
KW  - alcohol
KW  - adult
KW  - alcohol consumption
KW  - article
KW  - cause of death
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - ischemic heart disease
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prospective study
KW  - stroke
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - workplace
KW  - Adult
KW  - Alcohol Drinking
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Cerebrovascular Disorders
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Coronary Disease
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Scotland
N1  - Cited By :206
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 10381706
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Smith, G.D.; Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom; email: zetkin@bristol.ac.uk
N1  - References: Uoll, R., Pcto, K., Hall, E., Wheatlcy, K., Gray, R., Mortality in relaü on to consumption of alcohol: 13 years' observations on male British doctors (1994) BMJ, 3, pp. 911-918; 
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Wannamelhce, S.G., Sliapcr, A.G., Patterns of alcohol intake and risk of stroke in middle-aged British men Stroke 199G, 27, pp. I033-1039; 
Shaper, A.G., Wannamcthce, G., Whincup, P., Alcohol and Blood Pressure in Middle-aged'British Mcnjllum Llyperlens 19S8, 2, pp. 71-78; 
Brenner, H., Amdt, Rodicnbacher, D., Schubcrtli, S., Fraissc, E., Hiedncr, T., The association between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality in a cohort of male emploccs in the German construction industry IntJ Fyidemiol, 997, p. 26; 
Keil, U., Chamblcss, L.E., During, A., Filipiak, B., Sliebcr, J., The relation of alcohol intake to coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality in a beer-drinking population (1997) Epidemiology, 8, pp. 150-156; 
Shaper, A.G., (1990) Alcohol and Mortality: a Review of Prospective Studies, Lî Rj Addiction, 85, pp. 837-847; 
Rehm, J.T., Bondy, S.J., Sempos, C.T., Vuong, C.V., Alcohol consumption and coronary heart disease moihidity and mortality (1997) Am J I-'fiidemiol, 14, p. 501; 
Thun, M.J., Peto, R., An, L.O., Monaco, J.H., Henley, S.J., Heath, C.W., Doll, R., (1997) Alcohol Consumption and Mortality among Middle-aged and Eldeily US Adults. A'Y,M, 337, p. 14; 
Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, G.A., Willen, W.C., Spcicr, F.E., Icnnekcns, C.I., A Prospective Study of Moderate Alcohol Consumption and the Risk of Coronary Disease and Stroke in Women. A'EnglJMed I9SS, 319, pp. 267-273; 
Iso, H., Kitamura, A., Shimamoto, T., Sankai, T., Naito, Y., Sato, S., (1995) Alcohol Intake and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Middle-aged Japanese Men. Stroke, 2, pp. 7G7-73; 
Palomâki, H., Kaste, M., Regular light-to-moderate intake of alcohol and the risk of isché mie stroke (1993) Is Dicre a Beneficial Effect? Stroke, 24, pp. 1828-1832; 
Sandcrcock, P.A.G., Warlow, C., Jones, L.N., Slarkcy, I.R., (1989) Predisposing Factors for Cerebral Infarction: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project. IIMJ, 298, pp. 75-80; 
Jill, J.S., Shipiey, M.J., Tsemcntis, S.A., Lornhy, R.S., Gill, S.K., Hitchcock, E.R., Alcohol consumption-a risk factor for hemorrhagic and non- Hcmorrhagic stroke (1991) AmJMed, 90, pp. 489-497; 
Sliinton, R., Sagar, G., Beevers, G., Tlie relation of alcohol consumption to cardiovascular risk factors and stroke (1993) The West Birmingham Stroke Project Neural Xeuromrg Ryehialrj, 56, pp. 458-462; 
Davcy Smitli, G., Phillips, A., Confounding in epidcmiological studies: hy "independent" effects may not be all they seem (1992) HMJ, 305, pp. 757-759; 
Woodward, M., Tunstall-I'Cdoe, I.I., Alcohol consumption, diet, coronary risk factors and prevalent coronary heart disease in men and women in the Scottish heart health study (1993) J Epidrmiol Cominunily Health, 19, pp. 351-362; 
Dight, S.E., (1976) ScoUkli Drinking Habits., , Ixnidon: IIMSO; 
Smil, J.W.A., Wynne, H.J.A., Scliobhcn, F., Sitsen, A., Liruin, T.W.A., Erkclcns W. Effects of alcohol consumption on pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of fluvastatin (1995) AmJ Cnrrfio, 76, pp. 89-96; 
Choudhury, S.R., Ueshima, H., Kita, Y., Kobayashi, K.M., Okayama, A., Yamakawa, M., (1991) Alcohol Intake and Serum Lipids in a Japanese Population, Î Ntj Epidemic, 23, pp. 910-971; 
Davcy Smitli, G., Shiplcy, M., Marmot, M.G., Rose, G., (1992) Plasma Cholesterol Concentration and Mortality: the Whitehall Study.J.-UlA, 267, pp. 70-76; 
Hole, I., Davey Smith, G., Gcm, W., Hart, C.I., Gillis, C.R., Hawthorne, V.M., (1993) Low Cholesterol and Mortality: Demonstration of a Health Selection Effect JEpidcmiol IJimmunity Health, 47, p. 402; 
Davcy Smith, G., Lart C, I., Blanc, D., Lolc D, I., Adverse socioeconomic conditions in childhood and cause specific adult mortality: Prospective observational study (1998) Il. IJ, 316, pp. 1631-1635; 
Kauhanen, J., Kaplan, G.A., De Goldberg, Salonen, J.T., (1997) Beer Hingcing and Mortality: Results from He Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, a Pi Ospcctive Population Based Study. 11MJ, 315, pp. 846-851; 
Kauhanen, J., Kaplan, G.A., Goldberg, D.I., Cohen, R.I., Lakka, T.A., Salonen, J.T., Frequent hangovers and cardiovascular mortality in middle-aged men Epidemiology 19'J7, p. 8; 
McKce, M., Britton, A., The positie relationship between alcohol and heart disease in eastern Europe: Potential physiological mechanisms (1998) R Soc Mcd, 91, pp. 402-407; 
(1997) The Health of Adult Britain 1S-11-199-1., , London: Stationery Office
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Time trends in suicide mortality in Lithuania
T2  - Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
J2  - Acta Psychiatr. Scand.
VL  - 99
IS  - 6
SP  - 419
EP  - 422
PY  - 1999
SN  - 0001690X (ISSN) 
AU  - Kalediene, R.
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, Kaunas Medical University, Mickevicius str. 9, 3000 Kaunas, Lithuania
AB  - Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the time trends of suicides during the period 1970-1995 in Lithuania, and to assess the importance of the effects of age, period and birth cohort as risk factors. Method: Trends in suicides and average annual changes were based on logarithmic regression analysis. For assessment of the effects of age, period and birth cohort on suicide mortality, a log-linear regression model with parameters representing age, period and cohort effects was fitted. Results: Between 1970 and 1995 age-standardized suicide rates almost doubled. There was an increase in suicides in birth cohorts of males from 1910 to 1950, and in cohorts born after 1965. In females, an increase was observed in all successive birth years from 1905 to 1925 and after 1970. The period effect in males and the cohort effect in females were dominant. Conclusion: It is unlikely that suicide rates will decrease in the near future.
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Suicide
KW  - Time trends
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - birth
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - Lithuania
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk factor
KW  - sex difference
KW  - suicide
KW  - time
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Lithuania
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Sex Distribution
KW  - Suicide
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :23
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: APYSA
C2  - 10408263
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kalediene, R.; Department of Social Medicine, Keunas Medical University, Mickevicius str. 9, 3000 Kaunas, Lithuania
N1  - References: Varnik, A., Wasserman, D., Eklund, G., Suicides in the Baltic countries (1994) Scand J Soc Med, 22, pp. 166-169; 
Watson, P., Explaining the rising mortality among men in Eastern Europe (1995) Soc Sci Med, 41, pp. 923-934; 
(1996) Mortality of Lithuanian Population in 1994-1995, , Vilnius: Lithuanian Health Information Centre; 
(1995) World Health Statistics Annual, 1994, , Geneva: World Health Organization; 
Kalediene, R., Vilkauskas, L., Petrauskiene, J., Impact of different demographic and social factors on age distribution of suicides in Lithuania (1997) Acta Med Lituanica, 3, pp. 77-82; 
Francis, B., Green, M., Payne, C., The statistical system for generalised linear interactive modelling (1994) Release 4 Manual, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; 
Wasserman, D., Varnik, A., Reliability of statistics on violent death and suicide in the former USSR, 1970-1990 (1998) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 96 (SUPPL. 394), pp. 34-41; 
Wasserman, D., Varnik, A., Eklund, G., Male suicides and alcohol consumption in the former USSR (1994) Acta Psychiatr Scand, 89, pp. 306-313; 
Kendall, R.E., Alcohol and suicide (1983) Subst Alcohol Actions Misuse, 4, pp. 121-127; 
Berglund, M., Suicide in alcoholism. A prospective study of 88 suicides. I. The multidimensional diagnosis at the first admission (1984) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 41, pp. 888-891; 
Hirschfeld, R.M.A., Cross, C.K., Epidemiology of affective disorders (1982) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 39, pp. 35-46; 
Weissman, M.M., The myth of involutional melancholia (1979) J Am Med Assoc, 242, pp. 742-744; 
Wickramaratne, P.R., Weissman, M.M., Leaf, P.J., Holford, T.R., Age, period and cohort effects on the risk of major depression: Results from five United States communities (1989) J Clin Epidemiol, 42, pp. 333-343; 
Doll, R., Progress against cancer: An epidemiologic assessment (1991) Am J Epidemiol, 134, pp. 675-687; 
Weissman, M.M., Myers, J.K., Affective disorders in a United States community: The use of research diagnostic criteria in an epidemiological survey (1978) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 35, pp. 1304-1311; 
Klerman, G.L., Lavori, P.W., Rice, J., Birth Cohort trends in rates of major depressive disorder among relatives of patients with affective disorder (1985) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 41, pp. 689-693; 
Hagnell, O., Lanke, J., Rorsman, B., Ojesjo, L., Are we entering an age of melancholy? Depressive illness in a prospective epidemiological study over 25 years: The Lundby Study, Sweden (1982) Psychol Med, 12, pp. 279-289; 
Murphy, G.E., Wetzel, R.D., Suicide risk by birth cohort in the United States (1980) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 37, pp. 519-523; 
Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. II. Age-period-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 449-467; 
Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. II. Age-period-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 469-481; 
Susser, M., Period effects, generation effects and age effects in peptic ulcer mortality (1982) J Chron Dis, 35, pp. 29-40
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033008534&partnerID=40&md5=5abd4107583dabef14a1fb07e5f9bf43
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Asian ethnic origin and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease
T2  - European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
J2  - Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
SP  - 543
EP  - 546
PY  - 1999
SN  - 0954691X (ISSN) 
AU  - Montgomery, S.M.
AU  - Morris, D.L.
AU  - Pounder, R.E.
AU  - Wakefield, A.J.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Roy. Free/Univ. Coll. Med. School, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Medicine, Roy. Free/Univ. Coll. Med. School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective. To assess whether inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is more prevalent in young Asians than Europeans living in Great Britain. Design. Longitudinal birth cohort study of all those born 5-11 April 1970 in Great Britain - the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70). Methods. The relationship of a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease by age 26 years with ethnic origin was investigated among 8432 cohort members with complete data using multiple logistic regression. We adjusted for potential confounding factors, household crowding and sex, as well as for a family history of IBD. Results. Young Asians born in Britain were significantly more likely than indigenous Europeans to have a diagnosis of IBD by age 26 years, with relative odds of 6.10 (95% CI 2.14-17.33). This group of cohort members had ethnic origins in India, Pakistan or Bangladesh (although none of those from Bangladesh had IBD). This relationship remained statistically significant after adjustment for the potential confounding factors and family history of IBD. Conclusion. Young Asians who were born in Britain are at a significantly higher risk of developing IBD than the indigenous European population. This may reflect a greater genetic predisposition to IBD that is uncovered by exposure to environmental factors.
KW  - Asians
KW  - BCS70
KW  - Crohn's disease
KW  - IBD
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Ulcerative colitis
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - asian
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - Crohn disease
KW  - crowding
KW  - data analysis
KW  - enteritis
KW  - environmental factor
KW  - ethnic group
KW  - family history
KW  - female
KW  - genetic predisposition
KW  - high risk population
KW  - household
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk
KW  - ulcerative colitis
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Bangladesh
KW  - Colitis, Ulcerative
KW  - Crohn Disease
KW  - Female
KW  - Genetic Predisposition to Disease
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - India
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Male
KW  - Pakistan
KW  - Prevalence
N1  - Cited By :62
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EJGHE
C2  - 10755259
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Montgomery, S.M.; Department of Medicine, Royal Free Univ. Coll. Medical Sch., Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Probert, C.S.J., Jayanthi, V., Hughes, A.O., Thompson, J.R., Wicks, A.C.B., Mayberry, J.F., Prevalence and family risk of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease - An epidemiologic study among Europeans and South Asians in Leicestershire (1993) Gut, 34, pp. 1547-1551; 
Probert, C.S.J., Jayanthi, V., Pinder, D., Wicks, A.C., Mayberry, J.F., Epidemiologic study of ulcerative proctocolitis in Indian migrants and the indigenous population of Leicestershire (1992) Gut, 33, pp. 687-693; 
Montgomery, S.M., Pounder, R.E., Wakefield, A.J., Infant mortality and the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (1997) Lancet, 349, pp. 472-473; 
Montgomery, S.M., Bjornsson, S., Johansson, J.H., Thjodleifsson, B., Pounder, R.E., Wakefield, A.J., Infant mortality rates and Crohn's disease (1997) Gut, 41, pp. A175; 
Montgomery, S.M., Morris, D.L., Thompson, N.P., Subhani, J., Pounder, R.E., Wakefield, A.J., Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in British 26-year-olds: National longitudinal birth cohort (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 1058-1059; 
Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J.M., Montgomery, S.M., Shepherd, P., (1993) An Integrated Approach to the Design and Analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS), , London: The City University; 
Bynner, J.M., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., (1997) Twenty-something in the 1990s, , Aldershot: Ashgate; 
Riis, P., Differential diagnosis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and other disorders, including diverticular disease (1990) Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 2nd Edn., pp. 191-198. , Allan RN, Keighley MRB, Alexander-Williams J, Hawkins C, editors. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 
Norusis, M.J., (1998) SPSS User's Guide, , Chicago: SPSS Inc; 
Essen, J., Fogelman, K., Head, J., Children's housing and their health and physical development (1978) Child Health Care Devel, 4, pp. 357-369; 
Satsangi, J., Welsh, K.I., Bunce, M., Julier, C., Farrant, J.M., Bell, J.I., Contribution of genes of the major histocompatibility complex to susceptibility and disease phenotype in inflammatory bowel disease (1996) Lancet, 347, pp. 1212-1217; 
Peeters, M., Nevens, H., Baert, F., Hiele, M., De Meyer, A.-M., Vlietinck, R., Familial aggregation in Crohn's disease: Increased age-adjusted risk and concordance in clinical characteristics (1996) Gastroenterology, 111, pp. 597-603; 
Breslin, N.P., Todd, A., Kilgallen, C., O'Morain, C., Monozygotic twins with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: A unique case report (1997) Gut, 41, pp. 557-560; 
Calkins, B.M., Mendeloff, A.I., Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (1986) Epidemiol Rev, 8, pp. 60-91; 
Wurzelman, J.I., Lyles, C.M., Sandler, R.S., Childhood infections and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (1994) Dig Dis Sci, 39, pp. 555-560; 
Gilat, T., Hacohen, D., Lilos, P., Langman, M.J.S., Childhood factors in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (1987) Scand J Gastroenterol, 22, pp. 1009-1024; 
Subhani, J., Montgomery, S.M., Thompson, N.P., Ebrahim, S., Wakefield, A.J., Pounder, R.E., UK twin registry of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): An update on childhood risk factors (1997) Gut, 41, pp. A36; 
Shivanada, S., Lennard-Jones, J.E., Logan, R., Fear, N., Price, A., Carpenter, L., Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease across Europe: Is there a difference between north and south? results of the European collaborative study on inflammatory bowel disease (EC-IBD) (1996) Gut, 39, pp. 690-697
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033030382&partnerID=40&md5=1415fef22c7938736641395f5504568b
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Birth weight, body mass index and asthma in young adults
T2  - Thorax
J2  - Thorax
VL  - 54
IS  - 5
SP  - 396
EP  - 402
PY  - 1999
SN  - 00406376 (ISSN) 
AU  - Shaheen, S.O.
AU  - Sterne, J.A.C.
AU  - Montgomery, S.M.
AU  - Azima, H.
AD  - Department of Public Health Sciences, Guy's, King's/St Thomas' Sch. of M., London SE1 3QD, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Medicine, Roy. Free/Univ. Coll. Medical School, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
AB  - Background - Impaired fetal growth may be a risk factor for asthma although evidence in children is conflicting and there are few data in adults. Little is known about risk factors which may influence asthma in late childhood or early adult life. Whilst there are clues that fatness may be important, this has been little studied in young adults. The relations between birth weight and childhood and adult anthropometry and asthma, wheeze, hayfever, and eczema were investigated in a nationally representative sample of young British adults. Methods - A total of 8960 individuals from the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) were studied. They had recently responded to a questionnaire at 26 years of age in which they were asked whether they had suffered from asthma, wheeze, hayfever, and eczema in the previous 12 months. Adult body mass index (BMI) was calculated from reported height and weight. Results - The prevalence of asthma at 26 years fell with increasing birth weight. After controlling for potential confounding factors, the odds ratio comparing the lowest birth weight group (< 2 kg) with the modal group (3-3.5 kg) was 1.99 (95% CI 0.96 to 4.12). The prevalence of asthma increased with increasing adult BMI. After controlling for birth weight and other confounders, the odds ratio comparing highest with lowest quintile was 1.72 (95% CI 1.29 to 2.29). The association between fatness and asthma was stronger in women; odds ratios comparing overweight women (BMI 25-29.99) and obese women (BMI ≥ 30) with those of normal weight (BMI < 25) were 1.51 (95% CI 1.11 to 2.06) and 1.84 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.84), respectively. The BMI at 10 years was not related to adult asthma. Similar associations with birth weight and adult BMI were present for wheeze but not for hayfever or eczema. Conclusions - Impaired fetal growth and adult fatness are risk factors for adult asthma.
KW  - Adult asthma
KW  - Birth weight
KW  - Body mass index
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - anthropometry
KW  - article
KW  - asthma
KW  - birth weight
KW  - body mass
KW  - child
KW  - controlled study
KW  - eczema
KW  - female
KW  - hay fever
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - newborn
KW  - obesity
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk factor
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - wheezing
KW  - Adult
KW  - Asthma
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Eczema
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Female
KW  - Fetal Growth Retardation
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Respiratory Sounds
KW  - Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Social Class
N1  - Cited By :291
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: THORA
C2  - 10212102
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Shaheen, S.O.; Department of Public Health Sciences, Guy's, King's St Thomas' School Med., London SE1 3QD, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Shaheen, S., Discovering the causes of atopy (1097) BMJ, 314, pp. 987-988; 
Schwartz, J., Gold, D., Dockery, D.W., Predictors of asthma and persistent wheeze in a national sample of children in the United States. Association with social class, perinatal events, and race (1990) Am Rev Respir Dis, 142, pp. 555-562; 
Weitzman, M., Gortmaker, S., Sobol, A., Racial, social, and environmental risks for childhood asthma (1090) Am J Dis Child, 144, pp. 1189-1194; 
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Fergusson, D.M., Crane, J., Beasley, R., Perinatal factors and atopic disease in childhood (1997) Clin Exp Allergy, 27, pp. 1394-1401; 
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Demissie, K., Ernst, P., Joseph, L., Birthweight and preterm birth in relation to indicators of childhood asthma (1997) Can Respir J, 4, pp. 91-97; 
Braback, L., Hedberg, A., Perinatal risk factors for atopic disease in conscripts (1998) Clin Exp Allergy, 28, pp. 936-942; 
Seidman, D.S., Laor, A., Gale, R., Is low birth weight a risk factor for asthma during adolescence? (1991) Arch Dis Child, 66, pp. 584-587; 
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Burney, P.G., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Has the prevalence of asthma increased in children? evidence from the national study of health and growth 1973-86 (1990) BMJ, 300, pp. 1306-1310; 
Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Trends in weight-for-height and triceps skinfold thickness for English and Scottish children, 1972-1982 and 1982-1990 (1994) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 8, pp. 90-106; 
Gold, D.R., Rotnitzky, A., Damokosh, A.I., Race and gender differences in respiratory illness prevalence and their relationship to environmental exposures in children 7 to 14 years of age (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis, 148, pp. 10-18; 
Luder, E., Melnik, T.A., DiMaio, M., Association of being overweight with greater asthma symptoms in inner city black and Hispanic children (1998) J Pediatr, 132, pp. 699-703; 
Seidell, J.C., De Groot, L.C., Van Sonsbeek, J.L., Associations of moderate and severe overweight with self-reported illness and medical care in Dutch adults (1986) Am J Public Health, 76, pp. 264-269; 
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Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Introduction (1986) From Birth to Five. A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's Five-year-olds, pp. 1-7. , Oxford: Pergamon Press; 
Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J.M., Montgomery, S.M., (1993) An Integrated Approach to the Design and Analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS). Inter-cohort Analysis Working Paper 1, , London: City University Social Statistics Research Unit (SSRU); 
Shepherd, P., Survey and response (1997) Twenty-something in the 1990s, pp. 130-136. , Bynner JM, Ferri E, Shepherd P, eds. Aldershot: Ashgate Press; 
Garrow, J.S., (1988) Obesity and Related Diseases, , London: Churchill Livingstone; 
Lewis, S., Butland, B., Strachan, D., Study of the aetiology of wheezing illness at age 16 in two national British birth cohorts (1996) Thorax, 51, pp. 670-676; 
Butland, B.K., Strachan, D.P., Lewis, S., Investigation into the increase in hay fever and eczema at age 16 observed between the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts (1997) BMJ, 315, pp. 717-721; 
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Leon, D.A., Koupilova, I., Lithell, H.O., Failure to realise growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50 year old Swedish men (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 401-406; 
Michels, K.B., Greenland, S., Rosner, B.A., Does body mass index adequately capture the relation of body composition and body size to health outcomes? (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 147, pp. 167-172; 
Shaheen, S., The beginnings of chronic airflow obstruction (1997) Br Med Bull, 53, pp. 58-70; 
Strachan, D.P., Epidemiology of hay fever: Towards a community diagnosis (1995) Clin Exp Allergy, 25, pp. 296-303; 
Strachan, D.P., Harkins, L.S., Johnston, I.D., Childhood antecedents of allergic sensitization in young British adults (1997) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 99, pp. 6-12; 
Godfrey, K.M., Barker, D.J., Osmond, C., Disproportionate fetal growth and raised IgE concentration in adult life (1994) Clin Exp Allergy, 24, pp. 641-648; 
Dean, G., Lee, P.N., Todd, G.F., Factors related to respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms in the United Kingdom (1978) J Epidemiol Community Health, 32, pp. 86-96; 
Lean, M.E., Han, T.S., Seidell, J.C., Impairment of health and quality of life in people with large waist circumference (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 853-856; 
Stewart, A.W., Jackson, R.T., Ford, M.A., Underestimation of relative weight by use of self-reported height and weight (1987) Am J Epidemiol, 125, pp. 122-126; 
Siersted, H.C., Boldsen, J., Hansen, H.S., Population based study of risk factors for underdiagnosis of asthma in adolescence: Odense schoolchild study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 651-655; 
Platts-Mills, T.A.E., Sporik, R.B., Chapman, M.D., The role of domestic allergens (1997) Ciba Foundation Symposium, 206, pp. 173-189; 
Seaton, A., Godden, D.J., Brown, K., Increase in asthma: A more toxic environment or a more susceptible population? (1994) Thorax, 49, pp. 171-174; 
Troisi, R.J., Speizer, F.E., Willen, W.C., Menopause, postmenopausal estrogen preparations, and the risk of adult-onset asthma. A prospective cohort study (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 152, pp. 1183-1188; 
Ingram, D., Nottage, E., Ng, S., Obesity and breast disease. The role of the female sex hormones (1989) Cancer, 64, pp. 1049-1053; 
Brunet, S.-G., Ghadirian, P., Rebbeck, T.R., Effect of smoking on breast cancer in carriers of mutant BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes (1998) J Natl Cancer Inst, 90, pp. 761-766; 
Gallagher, P., Visser, M., Sepulveda, D., How useful is body mass index for comparison of body fatness across age, sex, and ethnic groups? (1996) Am J Epidemiol, 143, pp. 228-239
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Can children's health be predicted by perinatal health?
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Int. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
SP  - 276
EP  - 280
PY  - 1999
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Gissler, M.
AU  - Järvelin, M.-R.
AU  - Louhiala, P.
AU  - Rahkonen, O.
AU  - Hemminki, E.
AD  - Natl. R. D. Ctr. Welf. Hlth., Health Services Research Unit, PO Box 220, 00531 Helsinki, Finland
AD  - University of Oulu, Dept. of Pub. Hlth. and Gen. Pract., Aapistie 1, 90200 Oulu, Finland
AD  - University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, PO Box 41, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
AD  - University of Helsinki, Department of Social Policy, PO Box 18, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
AB  - Background. The purpose of this paper was to investigate how well children's health until age 7 years can be predicted by perinatal outcome using routine health registers. Methods. Follow-up of one year cohort (N = 60,192) was performed by record linkages with personal identification number. The data came from the 1987 Finnish Medical Birth Register, from six other national registers and from education registers of one county. Results. All perinatal health indicators showed a strong correlation with subsequent health, and prediction of good health was satisfactory: 85% of children who were healthy in the perinatal period did not have any reported health problems in early childhood, and 91% of children healthy in early childhood had been healthy in the perinatal period. However, it was not possible to predict poor health outcome: 76% of the children with reported perinatal problems were healthy in early childhood, and 87% of the children with long-term morbidity in childhood did not have any perinatal problems. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that in assessing risk factors and health care technology, monitoring perinatal health is not enough and long-term follow-ups are needed.
While perinatal mortality has been widely used as an indicator to measure the standard of health care and to identify risk groups, its value has been questioned because of definition problems and decreasing perinatal mortality rates in industrialized countries. Finnish health register data were used to assess how well children's health until age 7 years can be predicted by perinatal outcome using routine health registers. Specifically, data came from the 1987 Finnish Medical Birth Register, 6 other national registers, and education registers of 1 county. 60,192 children were traced up to age 7 years through record linkages with personal identification numbers. All perinatal health indicators were strongly correlated with subsequent health: 85% of children who were healthy in the perinatal period reported no health problems during early childhood, and 91% of children healthy in early childhood had also been healthy in the perinatal period. However, poor health outcome could not be predicted: 76% of the children with reported perinatal problems were healthy in early childhood, and 87% of the children with long-term morbidity during childhood had no perinatal problems. These findings suggest that when assessing risk factors and health care technology, it is not enough to only monitor perinatal health status. Rather, long-term follow-ups are also needed.
KW  - Childhood health
KW  - Perinatal health
KW  - Prediction
KW  - Register study
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - child health
KW  - Finland
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - morbidity
KW  - newborn
KW  - normal human
KW  - perinatal period
KW  - prediction
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk factor
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Child Health
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Europe
KW  - Finland
KW  - Health
KW  - Health Status Indexes
KW  - Infant
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Northern Europe
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Research Report
KW  - Scandinavia
KW  - Youth
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Welfare
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant Mortality
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Infant, Newborn, Diseases
KW  - Male
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Perinatal Care
KW  - Predictive Value of Tests
KW  - Registries
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
N1  - Cited By :12
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJEPB
C2  - 10342691
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Gissler, M.; STAKES, Health Services Research Unit, PO Box 220, 00531 Helsinki, Finland
N1  - References: Ross, G., Perinatal prediction - A potential means for cutting public costs (1994) Am J Perinat, 11, p. 167; 
Brazy, J.E., Eckerman, C.O., Oehler, J.M., Nursery neurobiologic risk score: Important factors in predicting outcome in very low birthweight infants (1991) J Pediatr, 118, pp. 783-792; 
Gourbin, C., Masuy-Stroobant, G., Registration of vital data: Are live births and stillbirths comparable all over Europe? (1995) Bull World Health Organ, 73, pp. 449-460; 
Gissler, M., Ollila, E., Teperi, J., Hemminki, E., Impact of induced abortions and statistical definitions on perinatal mortality figures (1994) Pediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 8, pp. 391-400; 
Cartlidge, P.H.T., Stewart, J.H., Effect of changing the stillbirth definition on evaluation of perinatal mortality rates (1995) Lancet, 346, pp. 486-488; 
Forssas, E., Gissler, M., Hemminki, E., Declining perinatal mortality in Finland 1987-1994: Contribution of different subgroups (1998) Eur J Obstetr Gyn, 80, pp. 777-781; 
Schwartz, R.M., Luby, A.M., Scanlon, J.W., Kellogg, R.J., Effect of surfactant on morbidity, mortality, and resource use in newborn infants weighing 500 to 1500 g (1994) N Engl J Med, 330, pp. 1476-1480; 
McCormick, M.C., Long-term follow-up of infants discharged from neonatal intensive care units (1989) JAMA, 261, pp. 1767-1772; 
McCormick, M.C., Gortmaker, S.L., Sobol, A., Very low birth weight children: Behaviour problems and school difficulties in a national sample (1990) J Pediatr, 117, pp. 687-693; 
Escobar, G.J., Littenberg, B., Petitti, D., Outcome among surviving very low-birth weight infants: A meta-analysis (1991) Arch Dis Childhood, 66, pp. 204-211; 
Ens-Dokkum, M.H., Am, S., Veen, S., Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P., Brand, R., Ruys, J.H., Evaluation of care for the preterm infant: Review of literature on follow-up of preterm and low birthweight infants. Report from the collaborative Project on Preterm and Small for gestational age infants (POPS) in the Netherlands (1992) Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 6, pp. 434-459; 
Bartley, M., Power, C., Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Shipley, M., Birth weight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: Evidence from the 1958 British cohort study (1994) Br Med J, 309, pp. 1475-1479; 
Gissler, M., Louhiala, P., Hemminki, E., Nordic Medical Birth Registers in epidemilogical research (1997) Eur J Epidemiol, 13, pp. 169-175; 
Ericson, A., Gunnarskog, J., Källén, B., Otterblad-Olausson, P., A register study of very low birthweight livebom infants in Sweden, 1973-1988 (1992) Acta Obstetr Gynecol Scand, 71, pp. 104-111; 
Rodriguez, C., Regidor, E., Gutiérrez-Fisac, J.L., Low birth weight in Spain associated with sociodemographic factors (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 38-42; 
Bille, H., Rostgaard, K., Schiøler, G., (1992) Ekstremt Tidligt Fødte Børn - En Registerundersøgelse, 1, p. 30. , Sundhedstyrelsen. Vitalstatistik Danish: Extremely premature children - A register study; 
Gissler, M., Teperi, J., Hemminki, E., Meriläinen, J., Data quality after restructuring a nationwide medical birth registry (1995) Scand J Soc Med, 13, pp. 75-80; 
Gissler, M., Hemminki, E., Louhiala, P., Järvelin, M.-R., Health registers are feasible for measuring health status in childhood - A seven-year follow-up of the 1987 Finnish birth cohort (1998) Pediatr Perinat Epidemiol, 12, pp. 437-455; 
Barker, D., (1992) Fetal and Infant Origins of Adult Disease, , Plymouth: British Medical Journal; 
Barker, D., (1994) Mother's, Babies and Disease in Later Life, , Plymouth: British Medical Journal; 
Ben-Schlomo, Y., Davey Smith, G., Depriviation in infancy or in adult life: Which is more important for mortality risk? (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 530-534; 
Paneth, N., Susser, M., Early origin of coronary heart disease (the 'Barker hypotheses') (1995) Br Med J, 310, pp. 411-412; 
Vågerö, D., Illsley, R., Explaining health inequalities. Beyond Black and Barker (1996) Eur Social Rev, 11, pp. 219-241; 
Keskimäki, I., Aro, S., Accuracy of data on diagnoses, procedures and accidents in the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register (1991) Int J Health Sci, 2, pp. 15-21; 
Gissler, M., Ulander, V.-M., Hemminki, E., Rasimus, A., Declining induced abortion rate in Finland: Data-quality of the Abortion Register (1995) Int J Epidemiol, 25, pp. 376-380; 
Wadsworth, M., Health inequalities in the life course perspective (1997) Soc Sci Med, 44, pp. 859-869
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Behaviour and cognitive outcomes from middle ear disease
T2  - Archives of Disease in Childhood
J2  - Arch. Dis. Child.
VL  - 80
IS  - 1
SP  - 28
EP  - 35
PY  - 1999
SN  - 00039888 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bennett, K.E.
AU  - Haggard, M.P.
AD  - MRC Institute of Hearing Research, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
AB  - Objectives - To resolve controversies over associations between a history of middle ear disease and psychosocial or cognitive/educational outcomes. Design - Multipurpose longitudinal birth cohort study. Original cohort comprised all UK births between 5 and 11 April 1970; data were available for approximately 12 000 children at 5 years old and 9000 children at 10 years old. Methods - For 5 year old children, parent reported data were available on health, social, and behavioural factors, including data on two validated markers of middle ear disease. Cognitive tests were administered at 5 and 10 years of age, and behavioural problems rated at 10 years by the child's teacher. Results - After adjustment for social background and maternal malaise, the developmental sequelae of middle ear disease remained significant even at 10 years. The largest effects were observed in behaviour problems and language test data at age 5, but effect sizes were modest overall. Implications - These results provide an epidemiological basis for policies that aim to minimise the sequelae of middle ear disease by awareness in parents and preschool teachers, early referral, and intervention for more serious or persistent cases.
KW  - Behaviour problems
KW  - Cognitive development
KW  - Longitudinal study
KW  - Middle ear disease
KW  - antisocial behavior
KW  - article
KW  - behavior disorder
KW  - child
KW  - cognitive defect
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - hearing impairment
KW  - human
KW  - language disability
KW  - middle ear disease
KW  - parent
KW  - priority journal
KW  - teacher
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Behavior Disorders
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cognition Disorders
KW  - Female
KW  - Hearing Disorders
KW  - Humans
KW  - Language Development Disorders
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Otitis Media
KW  - Parents
KW  - Psychological Tests
KW  - Teaching
N1  - Cited By :59
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ADCHA
C2  - 10325755
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Bennett, K.E.; MRC Institute of Hearing Research, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Roberts, J.E., Schuele, C., Otitis media and later academic performance: The linkage and implications for intervention (1990) Topics in Language Disorder, 11, pp. 43-62; 
Teele, D.W., Long term sequelae of otitis media: Fact or fantasy? (1994) Pediatr Infect Dis J, 13, pp. 1069-1073; 
Wallace, I.F., Gravel, J.S., Schwartz, R.G., Ruben, R.J., Otitis media, communication style of primary caregivers, and language skills of 2 year olds: A preliminary report (1996) J Dev Behav Pediatr, 17, pp. 27-35; 
Rutter, M., Commentary: Some focus and process considerations regarding effects of parental depression on children (1990) Dev Psychol, 26, pp. 60-67; 
Butler, N.R., Golding, J., (1986) From Birth to Five, , Oxford: Pergamon Press; 
Silva, P., Kirkland, C., Simpson, A., Stewart, A., Williams, S.M., Some developmental and behavioural problems associated with bilateral otitis media with effusion (1984) J Learn Disabil, 15, pp. 417-421; 
Schilder, A.G.M., Van Manen, J.G., Zielhuis, G., Grievink, E., Peters, S., Van Den Broek, P., Long-term effects of otitis media with effusion on language, reading and spelling (1993) Clin Otolaryngol, 18, pp. 234-241; 
Teele, D.W., Klein, J.O., Rosner, B.A., Otitis media with effusion during the first three years of life and development of speech and language (1984) Pediatrics, 74, pp. 282-287; 
Daly, K.A., Lindgren, B., Giebink, G.S., Validity of parental report of a child's medical history in otitis media research (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 139, pp. 1116-1121; 
Osborn, A.F., Assessing the socio-economic status of families (1987) Sociology, 21, pp. 429-448; 
Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longman; 
Butler, N.R., Haslum, M.N., Barker, W., Morris, A.C., (1982) Child Health and Education Study. First Report to the Department of Education and Science on the 10-Year Follow-up, , Department of Child Health, University of Bristol; 
Osborn, A.F., Butler, N.R., Morris, A.C., (1984) The Social Life of Britain's Five-year-olds, , London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; 
Zielhuis, G.A., Rach, G.H., Van Den Bosch, A., Van Den Broek, P., The prevalance of otitis media win effusion. A critical review of the literature (1990) Clin Otolaryngol, 15, pp. 283-288; 
Bennett, K.E., Haggard, M.P., Accumulation of factors influencing children's middle ear disease - Risk factor modelling on a large population cohort J Epidemiol Community Health, , In press; 
Haggard, M.P., Birkin, J.A., Browning, G.G., Gatehouse, S., Lewis, S., Behaviour problems in otitis media (1994) Pediatr Infect Dis J, 13, pp. S43-S50; 
Gortmaker, S.L., Walker, D.K., Weitzman, M., Sobol, A.M., Chronic conditions, socioeconomic risks, and behavioural problems in children and adolescents (1990) Pediatrics, 85, pp. 267-276; 
Paradise, J.L., Does early-life otitis media result in lasting developmental impairment? why the question persists, and a proposed plan for addressing it (1992) Adv Pediatr, 39, pp. 157-165; 
Roberts, J.E., Burchinal, M.R., Davis, B.P., Collier, A.M., Henderson, F.W., Otitis media in early childhood and later language (1992) J Speech Hear Res, 34, pp. 1158-1168; 
Pless, C.E., Pless, I.B., How well they remember -the accuracy of parent reports (1995) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 149, pp. 553-558; 
Chalmers, D., Stewart, I.A., Silva, P.A., Mulvena, M., (1989) Otitis Media with Effusion in Children- the Dunedin Study, , Oxford: Blackwell; 
Jones, N.S., Prichard, A.J.N., Radomshij, P., Snashall, S.E., Imbalance and chronic secretory otitis media in children: Effect of myringotomy and insertion of ventilation tubes on body sway (1990) Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 99, pp. 477-481; 
Casselbrant, M.L., Gurman, J.M., Rubenstein, E., Mandel, E.M., Effects of otitis media on the vestibular system in children (1995) Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 104, pp. 620-624; 
Teele, D.W., Klein, J.O., Chase, C., Menyuk, P., Rosner, B.A., Otitis media in infancy and intellectual ability, school achievement, speech and language at age 7 years (1990) J Infect Dis, 162, pp. 685-694; 
Friel-Patti, S., Finitzo, T., Formby, E., Brown, K.C., A prospective study of early middle ear disease and speech-language development (1987) Texas Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology, 13, pp. 39-42
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis in Rochester, Minnesota, 1955- 1985
T2  - Arthritis and Rheumatism
J2  - Arthritis Rheum.
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
SP  - 415
EP  - 420
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.1002/1529-0131(199904)42:3<415::AID-ANR4>3.0.CO;2-Z
SN  - 00043591 (ISSN) 
AU  - Gabriel, S.E.
AU  - Crowson, C.S.
AU  - O'Fallon, W.M.
AD  - Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
AD  - Dept. of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
AB  - Objective. To describe trends in the epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over a period of 30 years in a population-based cohort. Methods. An inception cohort of Rochester, Minnesota residents who were ≥35 years of age and had RA (as defined by the 1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria for RA) first diagnosed between January 1, 1955 and January 1, 1985 was assembled and followed up until January 1, 1995. Incidence rates were age- and sex-adjusted to the 1970 US white population. Prevalence of RA in this cohort was estimated on January 1, 1985. A birth- cohort analysis was performed by calculating and comparing incidence rates in each of 16 birth cohorts. Results. Of the 425 Rochester residents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, there were 113 men (26.6%) and 312 women (73.4%), with a mean age at diagnosis of 60.2 years. The mean followup time was 15.1 years. The overall age- and sex-adjusted annual incidence of RA among Rochester, Minnesota residents ≥35 years of age (1955-1985) was 75.3 per 100,000 population (95% confidence interval 68.0-82.5). This incidence was approximately double in women compared with that in men and increased steadily with age, until age 85, after which the incidence of RA decreased. Secular trends in the incidence of RA over the entire study period were demonstrated. The overall prevalence of RA on January 1, 1985 was ~1%. The birth-cohort analysis showed peak incidence rates in the 1880-1895 birth cohorts. Conclusion. The epidemiology of RA is dynamic. The findings in this study lend further support to the hypothesis of a host-environment interaction in the pathogenesis of RA.
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - environmental factor
KW  - female
KW  - genetic risk
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - pathogenesis
KW  - population research
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - rheumatoid arthritis
KW  - risk factor
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Arthritis, Rheumatoid
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Minnesota
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Sex Distribution
N1  - Cited By :246
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ARHEA
C2  - 10088762
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Gabriel, S.E.; Dept. of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
N1  - References: Deighton, C.M., Walker, D.J., Griffiths, I.D., Roberts, D.F., The contribution of HLA to rheumatoid arthritis (1989) Clin Genet, 36, pp. 178-182; 
Aho, K., Koskenvuo, M., Tuominen, J., Kaprio, J., Occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis in a nationwide series of twins (1986) J Rheumatol, 13, pp. 899-902; 
Silman, A.J., MacGregor, A., Holligan, S., Ollier, W.E.R., Thomson, W., Carthy, D., Concordance rates for rheumatoid arthritis in twins: Results of a nationwide study (1992) Arthritis Rheum, 35 (SUPPL. 9), pp. S47; 
Jacobsson, L.T.H., Hanson, R.L., Knowler, W.C., Pillemer, S., Pettitt, D.J., McCance, D.R., Decreasing incidence and prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in Pima Indians over a twenty-five-year period (1994) Arthritis Rheum, 37, pp. 1158-1165; 
Linos, A., Worthington, J.W., O'Fallon, W.M., Kurland, L.T., The epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis in rochester, minnesota: A study of incidence, prevalence, and mortality (1980) Am J Epidemiol, 111, pp. 87-98; 
Dugowson, C.E., Koepsell, T.D., Voigt, L.F., Bley, L., Nelson, J.L., Daling, J.R., Rheumatoid arthritis in women: Incidence rates in group health cooperative, Seattle, Washington, 1987-1989 (1991) Arthritis Rheum, 34, pp. 1502-1507; 
Hochberg, M.C., Changes in the incidence and prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in England and Wales, 1970-1982 (1990) Semin Arthritis Rheum, 19, pp. 294-302; 
Silman, A.J., Has the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis declined in the United Kingdom? (1988) Br J Rheumatol, 27, pp. 77-79; 
Hannaford, P.C., Kay, C.R., Hirsch, S., Oral contraceptives and rheumatoid arthritis: New data from the Royal College of General Practitioners' oral contraceptive study (1990) Ann Rheum Dis, 49, pp. 744-746; 
Spector, T.D., Hart, D.J., Powell, R.J., Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatoid factor in women: Evidence for a secular trend (1993) Ann Rheum Dis, 52, pp. 254-257; 
Silman, A., Currey, H.L.F., Evans, S.J.W., Is rheumatoid arthritis becoming less severe? (1983) J Chronic Dis, 36, pp. 891-897; 
Silman, A.J., Trends in the incidence and severity of rheumatoid arthritis (1992) J Rheumatol, 19 (SUPPL. 32), pp. 71-73; 
Kurland, L.T., Molgaard, C.A., The patient record in epidemiology (1981) Sci Am, 245, pp. 54-63; 
Melton L.J. III, History of the Rochester Epidemiology Project (1996) Mayo Clinic Proc, 71, pp. 266-274; 
Arnett, F.C., Edworthy, S.M., Bloch, D.A., McShane, D.J., Fries, J.F., Cooper, N.S., The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis (1988) Arthritis Rheum, 31, pp. 315-324; 
McCullagh, P., Neider, J.A., (1983) Generalized Linear Models, , New York: Chapman and Hall; 
Ropes, M.W., Bennett, G.A., Cobb, S., Jacox, R., Jessar, R.A., 1958 revision of diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (1958) Bull Rheum Dis, 9, pp. 175-176; 
Kaipiainen-Seppanen, O., Aho, K., Laakso, M., Shift in the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis toward elderly patients in Finland during 1975-1990 (1996) Clin Exp Rheumatol, 14, pp. 537-542; 
Kaipiainen-Seppanen, O., Aho, K., Isomaki, H., Laakso, M., Incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in Finland during 1980-1990 (1996) Ann Rheum Dis, 55, pp. 608-611; 
Silman, A., Bankhead, C., Rowlingson, B., Brennan, P., Symmons, D., Gatrell, A., Do new cases of rheumatoid arthritis cluster in time or in space? (1997) Int J Epidemiol, 26, pp. 628-634; 
Del Puente, A., Knowler, W.C., Pettitt, D.J., Bennett, P.H., High incidence and prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in Pima Indians (1989) Am J Epidemiol, 129, pp. 1170-1178; 
Oen, K., Postl, B., Chalmers, I.M., Ling, N., Schroeder, M.L., Baragar, F.D., Rheumatic diseases in an inuit population (1986) Arthritis Rheum, 29, pp. 65-74; 
Drosos, A.A., Alamanos, I., Voulgari, P.V., Psychos, D.N., Katsaraki, A., Papadopoulos, I., Epidemiology of adult rheumatoid arthritis in northwest Greece 1987-1995 (1997) J Rheumatol, 24, pp. 2129-2133; 
Silman, A.J., Are there secular trends in the occurrence and severity of rheumatoid arthritis? (1989) Scand J Rheumatol Suppl, 79, pp. 25-30; 
Silman, A.J., Epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis (1994) APMIS, 102, pp. 721-728; 
Hochberg, M.C., Spector, T.D., Epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis: Update (1990) Epidemiol Rev, 12, pp. 247-252; 
Leibson, C.L., Ballard, D.J., Whisnant, J.P., Melton L.J. III, The compression of morbidity hypothesis: Promise and pitfalls of using record-linked data bases to assess secular trends in morbidity and mortality (1992) Milbank Q, 70, pp. 127-154
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032976283&doi=10.1002%2f1529-0131%28199904%2942%3a3%3c415%3a%3aAID-ANR4%3e3.0.CO%3b2-Z&partnerID=40&md5=da69eb975973cd5d5515ef163ae1915f
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Changing prevalence of allergic rhinitis and asthma
T2  - Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology
J2  - Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol.
VL  - 82
IS  - 3
SP  - 233
EP  - 252
PY  - 1999
SN  - 10811206 (ISSN) 
AU  - MichaelSly, R.
AD  - Section of Allergy and Immunology, Children's National Medical Center, George Washington Univ. Sch. Med. H., Washington, DC, United States
AD  - Children's National Medical Center, Department of Allergy, Immunology and Pulmonary Medicine, 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010-2970, United States
AB  - Objective: This review will enable the reader to discuss prevalence, risk factors, and prognosis of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Data sources: MEDLINE (PubMed) search using the terms allergic rhinitis, asthma, prevalence, risk factors. Study selection: Human studies published in the English language since 1978, especially studies of relatively large populations in the United States, Great Britain, Australia, and New Zealand, with cross referencing to earlier relevant studies. Results: Current prevalence of allergic rhinitis at 16 years of age in cohorts of British children born in 1958 and 1970 increased from 12% in the earlier cohort to 23% and in the later cohort. Local surveys of allergic rhinitis at approximately 18 years of age in the United States in 1962 to 1965 disclosed prevalence of 15% to 28%, while the national survey of 1976 to 1980 disclosed a prevalence of 26%. Thus, it is uncertain whether prevalence of allergic rhinitis has changed in the United States based on these limited data. Data from several sources indicate worldwide increases in prevalence of asthma. Annual Health Interview surveys indicate increases in prevalence of asthma in the United States from 3.1% in 1980 to 5.4% in 1994, but prevalence among impoverished inner city children has been much higher. Combined prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed asthma among inner city children has been 26% and 27% at 9 to 12 years of age in Detroit and San Diego. Positive family history and allergy are important risk factors for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Prognosis is guarded; allergic rhinitis resolves in only 10% to 20% of children within 10 years, and at least 25% of young adults who have had asthma during early childhood are symptomatic as adults. Conclusion: Increases in prevalence remain unexplained, but avoidance of recognized allergens should reduce the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and asthma.
KW  - tobacco smoke
KW  - allergic rhinitis
KW  - allergy
KW  - asthma
KW  - diet
KW  - family history
KW  - heredity
KW  - human
KW  - lowest income group
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prognosis
KW  - race
KW  - review
KW  - risk factor
KW  - social aspect
KW  - urban area
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Asthma
KW  - Australia
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Conjunctivitis, Allergic
KW  - Disease Progression
KW  - Ethnic Groups
KW  - Female
KW  - Genetic Predisposition to Disease
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Health Surveys
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypersensitivity, Immediate
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant
KW  - Male
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial
KW  - Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Skin Tests
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Tobacco Smoke Pollution
KW  - United States
KW  - Urban Population
KW  - World Health
N1  - Cited By :334
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ALAIF
C2  - 10094214
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Sly, R.M.; Children's National Medical Center, Allergy, Immunol./Pulmon. Med. Dept., 111 Michigan Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20010-2970, United States
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Tobacco Smoke Pollution
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Ninan, T.K., Russell, G., Respiratory symptoms and atopy in Aberdeen schoolchildren: Evidence from two surveys 25 years apart (1992) Br Med J, 304, pp. 873-875; 
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Halonen, M., Stern, D.A., Wright, A.L., Alternaria as a major allergen for asthma in children raised in a desert environment (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 155, pp. 1356-1361; 
Henderson, F.W., Henry, M.M., Ivins, S.S., Correlates of recurrent wheezing in school-age children (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 151, pp. 1786-1793; 
Perzanowski, M.S., Sporik, R., Squillace, S.P., Association of sensitization to Alternaria allergens with asthma among school-age children (1998) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 101, pp. 626-632; 
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Strachan, D.P., Cook, D.G., Parental smoking and childhood asthma: Longitudinal and case-control studies (1998) Thorax, 53, pp. 204-212; 
Tager, I.B., Smoking and childhood asthma - Where do we stand? (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 158, pp. 349-351; 
Strachan, D.P., Cook, D.G., Parental smoking and allergic sensitisation in children (1998) Thorax, 53, pp. 117-123; 
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Wright, A.L., Holberg, C., Martinez, F.D., Relationship of parental smoking to wheezing and nonwheezing lower respiratory tract illnesses in infancy (1991) J Pediatr, 118, pp. 207-214; 
Strachan, D.P., Cook, D.G., Parental smoking and lower respiratory illness in infancy and early childhood (1997) Thorax, 52, pp. 905-914; 
Martinez, F.D., Wright, A.L., Taussig, L.M., Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life (1995) N Engl J Med, 332, pp. 133-138; 
Folkerts, G., Busse, W.W., Nijkamp, F.P., Virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and asthma (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 157, pp. 1708-1720; 
Smith, J.M., Cadoret, R.J., Burns, T.L., Troughton, E.P., Asthma and allergic rhinitis in adoptees and their adoptive parents (1998) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 81, pp. 135-139; 
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Schwartz, J., Cold, D., Dockery, D.W., Predictors of asthma and persistent wheeze in a national sample of children in the United States (1990) Am Rev Respir Dis, 142, pp. 555-562; 
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Jenkins, M.A., Hopper, J.L., Bowes, G., Factors in childhood as predictors of asthma in adult life (1994) Br Med J, 309, pp. 90-93; 
Oswald, H., Phelan, P.D., Lanigan, A., Outcome of childhood asthma in mid-adult life (1994) Br Med J, 309, pp. 95-96; 
Bronnimann, S., Burrows, B., A prospective study of the natural history of asthma (1986) Remission and Relapse Rates. Chest, 90, pp. 480-484; 
Withers, N.J., Low, L., Holgate, S.T., Clough, J.B., The natural history of respiratory symptoms in a cohort of adolescents (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 158, pp. 352-357; 
Mazon, A., Nieto, A., Nieto, F.J., Prognostic factors in childhood asthma: A logistic regression analysis (1994) Ann Allergy, 72, pp. 455-461; 
Abramson, M.J., Puy, R.M., Weiner, J.M., Is allergen immunotherapy effective in asthma? a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 151, pp. 969-974
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0344718441&partnerID=40&md5=66def8ef780f59868626c75328cc8fe3
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Alcohol consumption as a major risk factor for the rise in liver cancer mortality rates in Japanese men
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Int. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 28
IS  - 1
SP  - 30
EP  - 34
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.1093/ije/28.1.30
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Makimoto, K.
AU  - Higuchi, S.
AD  - Department of Nursing, Division of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kodatsuno 5-11-80, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan
AD  - National Institute of Alcoholism, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
AB  - Background. Age-adjusted liver cancer mortality rates have been increasing for both men and women in Japan since 1970; however, increases in mortality rates in men are much greater than those in women. Hepatitis C virus infections and heavy alcohol consumption are considered to be the major risk factors of liver cancer deaths in Japanese. The purpose of this study is (1) to examine the pattern of liver cancer mortalily by gender and birth year to compare those with the pattern of other alcohol-related mortality and (2) to estimate the attributable risk per cent of heavy alcohol consumption for liver cancer deaths in Japanese men. Methods. Age-specific liver cancer mortality rates by gender were compared with those of cirrhosis mortality rates. Then male-to-female mortality rate ratios were calculated by birth cohort and compared with cirrhosis mortality rate ratios and oesophageal cancer mortality rare ratios. The attributable risk per cent of alcohol consumption for liver cancer death was calculated, using female liver cancer mortality rates as standard rates. Results. Examination of both gender and birth cohort mortality rates revealed that male-to-female liver cancer mortality rate ratios by birth cohort correspond well with those rate ratios for liver cirrhosis and oesophageal cancer mortality. The attributable risk per cent of alcohol consumption for liver cancer deaths in Japanese men was 70%. Conclusion. Alcohol consumption is more important than hepatitis C virus infections as a major cause of liver cancer deaths in Japanese men.
KW  - Alcohol
KW  - Japanese men
KW  - Liver cancer
KW  - Mortality
KW  - alcohol
KW  - cancer
KW  - gender disparity
KW  - hepatitis
KW  - mortality
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - alcohol consumption
KW  - article
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - female
KW  - gender
KW  - hepatitis c
KW  - hepatitis c virus
KW  - human
KW  - Japan
KW  - liver cancer
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk factor
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Alcohol Drinking
KW  - Asia
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Biology
KW  - Cancer--men
KW  - Causes Of Death--men
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Diseases
KW  - Eastern Asia
KW  - Japan
KW  - Liver Cirrhosis
KW  - Liver Neoplasms--men
KW  - Men
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Alcohol Drinking
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Esophageal Neoplasms
KW  - Hepatitis C
KW  - Humans
KW  - Japan
KW  - Liver Cirrhosis
KW  - Liver Neoplasms
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Japan
N1  - Cited By :41
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJEPB
C2  - 10195660
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Makimoto, K.; Department of Nursing, Division of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kodatsuno 5-11-80, Kanazawa 920-0942, Japan
N1  - References: Parrish, K.M., Higuchi, S., Muramatsu, T., Stinson, F.S., Harford, T.C., A method for estimating alcohol-related cirrhosis mortality in Japan (1991) Int J Epidemiol, 20, pp. 921-926; 
Parrish, K.M., Higuchi, S., Lucas, L.J., Increased alcohol-related esophageal cancer mortality rates in Japanese men (1993) Int J Epidemiol, 22, pp. 600-605; 
Mueller, N.E., Evans, A.S., London, W.T., Viruses (1996) Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, 2nd Edn., pp. 502-531. , Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF (eds). New York: Oxford University Press; 
Kodama, M., Kodama, T., Interrelation between western type cancers and non-western type cancers as regards their risk variations in time and space: VI. Chronological transition of various cancer risks of the world from 1975-1985 (1993) Anticancer Res, 13, pp. 2415-2420; 
London, W.T., McGlynn, K.A., Liver cancer (1996) Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, 2nd Edn., pp. 772-793. , Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF (eds). New York: Oxford University Press; 
(1988) Morality Statistics from Malignant Neoplasms 1972-1984: Special Report of Vital Statistics in Japan, , Tokyo, Japan: Statistics and Information Department, Ministry of Health and Welfare; 
Terris, M., Epidemiology of cirrhosis of the liver: National mortality data (1967) Am J Public Health, 57, pp. 2076-2088; 
Svendsen, H.O., Mosbech, J., Alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver in the scandinavian countries 1961-1974 (1977) Int J Epidemiol, 6, pp. 345-348; 
(1992) Death Rates for Malignant Neoplasms for Selected Sites by Sex and Five-year Age Group in 33 Countries, , Aoki K, Kurihara M, Hayakawa N. Suzuki S (eds). Nagoya, Japan: University of Nagoya Coop Press; 
Tanaka, H., Hiyama, T., Tsukuma, H., Cumulative risk of hepato-cellular carcinoma in hepatitis C virus carriers: Statistical estimations from cross-sectional data (1994) Jpn J Cancer Res, 85, pp. 485-490; 
Takada, A., Tsutsumi, M., Liver and biliary: National survey of alcoholic liver disease in Japan (1968-91) (1995) J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 10, pp. 509-516; 
Sata, M., Fukuizumi, K., Uchimura, Y., Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with clinically diagnosed alcoholic liver diseases (1996) J Viral Hepatitis, 3, pp. 143-148; 
Suzuki, M., Suzuki, H., Mizuno, H., Studies on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in heavy drinkers with liver cirrhosis (1993) Alcohol Alcohol, 28, pp. 109-114; 
Matsuhashi, T., Yamada, N., Shinzawa, H., Takahashi, T., Effect of alcohol on tumor growth of hepatocellular carcinoma with type C cirrhosis (1996) Intern Med, 35, pp. 443-448; 
Yano, M., Yatsuhashi, H., Inoue, O., Inokuchi, K., Koga, M., Epidemiology and long-term prognosis of hepatitis C virus infection in Japan (1993) Gut Suppl, pp. S13-S16; 
Parrish, K.M., Higuchi, S., Dufour, M.C., Alcohol consumption and the risk of developing liver cirrhosis: Implications for future research (1991) J Subst Abuse, 3, pp. 325-335
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032975306&doi=10.1093%2fije%2f28.1.30&partnerID=40&md5=c60df4a92bf7411e6a58ac66772fd092
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The European mesothelioma epidemic
T2  - British Journal of Cancer
J2  - Br. J. Cancer
VL  - 79
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 666
EP  - 672
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690105
SN  - 00070920 (ISSN) 
AU  - Peto, J.
AU  - Decarli, A.
AU  - La Vecchia, C.
AU  - Levi, F.
AU  - Negri, E.
AD  - Section of Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
AD  - Ist. di Stat. Medica e Biometria, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
AD  - Ist. per lo Studio e la Cura dei T., 20133 Milan, Italy
AD  - Ist. di Ric. Farmacologiche Mario N., 20157 Milan, Italy
AD  - Registre Vaudois des Tumeurs, Inst. Universitaire de Med. S. et P., CHUV-Falaises 1, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
AD  - London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. M., London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
AB  - Projections for the period 1995-2029 suggest that the number of men dying from mesothelioma in Western Europe each year will almost double over the next 20 years, from 5000 in 1998 to about 9000 around 2018, and then decline, with a total of about a quarter of a million deaths over the next 35 years. The highest risk will be suffered by men born around 1945-50, of whom about 1 in 150 will die of mesothelioma. Asbestos use in Western Europe remained high until 1980, and substantial quantities are still used in several European countries. These projections are based on the fit of a simple age and birth cohort model to male pleural cancer mortality from 1970 to 1989 for six countries (Britain, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands and Switzerland) which together account for three-quarters of the population of Western Europe. The model was tested by comparing observed and predicted numbers of deaths for the period 1990-94. The ratio of mesothelioma to recorded pleural cancer mortality has been 1.6:1 in Britain but was assumed to be 1:1 in other countries.
KW  - Europe
KW  - Mesothelioma
KW  - Mortality trends
KW  - Pleural cancer
KW  - asbestos
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - high risk population
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - mesothelioma
KW  - pleura cancer
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Western Europe
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Asbestos
KW  - Disease Outbreaks
KW  - Europe
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Mesothelioma
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Pleural Neoplasms
KW  - Risk Assessment
N1  - Cited By :723
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJCAA
C2  - 10027347
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Peto, J.; Section of Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Asbestos, 1332-21-4
N1  - Funding details: PF39, The Research Council, The Research Council
N1  - Funding details: A1 97.00133.04, Golfers Against Cancer, Golfers Against Cancer
N1  - Funding details: Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro
N1  - Funding details: Breast Cancer Campaign, Breast Cancer Campaign
N1  - Funding text: This work was conducted within the framework of the CNR (Italian Research Council) ÔClinical Applications of Oncological ResearchÕ (Contracts nos 96.00759.PF39 and 96.00548.PF39) and with the contributions of the Italian Association for Cancer Research, Milan, and the Swiss and Vaud Leagues against Cancer. Professor J Peto was a CNR (A1 97.00133.04) grant recipient. He is supported by the Cancer Research Campaign.
N1  - References: Brochard, P., Iwatsubo, Y., Pairon, J.C., Pierre, N., Boutin, C., Bignon, J., Estimation of the pleural mesothelioma incidence in France based on the death certificates and the data of a case-control study (1995) Third International Mesothelioma Conference, , September 1995 Creteil, France; 
Cullen, M.R., Chrysotile asbestos: Enough is enough (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 1377-1378; 
Decarli, A., La Vecchia, C., Mezzanotte, G., Cislaghi, C., Birth cohort, time and age effects in italian cancer mortality (1987) Cancer, 59, pp. 1221-1232; 
Dement, J.M., Harris R.L., Jr., Symons, M.J., Shy, C., Exposures and mortality among chrysotile asbestos workers. Part I: Exposure estimates (1983) Am J Ind Med, 4, pp. 399-419; 
Dement, J.M., Harris R.L., Jr., Symons, M.J., Shy, C., Exposures and mortality among chrysotile asbestos workers. Part II: Mortality (1983) Am J Ind Med, 4, pp. 421-433; 
Doll, R., Peto, J., (1985) Asbestos: Effects on Health of Exposure to Asbestos, , Health and Safety Commission: HMSO: London; 
(1996) Study on the Impact on the Internal Market of Community Legislation Limiting the Marketing and Use Asbestos, , Environmental Resources Management: London; 
(1991) Asbestos in Public and Commercial Buildings: A Literature Review and Synthesis of Current Knowledge, , Health Effects Institute: Cambridge MA, USA; 
(1997) Health and Safety Statistics 1996/97, , HSE Books: Sudbury; 
Hodgson, J.T., Peto, J., Jones, J.R., Matthews, F.E., Mesothelioma mortality in Britain: Patterns by birth cohort and occupation (1997) Ann Occ Hyg, 41 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 129-133; 
(1998) Environmental Health Criteria 203: Chrysofile Asbestos, , WHO: Geneva; 
La Vecchia, C., Lucchini, F., Negri, E., Boyle, P., Maisonneuve, P., Levi, F., Trends of cancer mortality in Europe, 1955-1989: II, respiratory tract, bone, connective and soft tissue sarcomas, and skin (1992) Eur J Cancer, 28, pp. 514-599; 
Liddell, F.D.K., McDonald, A.D., McDonald, J.C., The 1891-1920 birth cohort of Quebec chrysotile miners and millers: Development from 1904 and mortality to 1992 (1997) Ann Occup Hyg, 41, pp. 13-36; 
McDonald, A.D., Case, B.W., Churg, A., Dufresne, A., Gibbs, G.W., Sebastien, P., McDonald, J.C., Mesothelioma in Quebec chrysotile miners and millers: Epidemiology and aetiology (1997) Ann Occup Hyg, 41, pp. 707-719; 
McDonald, A.D., Fry, J.S., Woolley, A.J., McDonald, J.C., Dust exposure and mortality in an American chrysotile textile plant (1983) Br J Ind Med, 40, pp. 361-367; 
(1996) Mortality Statistics: Review of the Registrar General on Deaths by Cause, Sex and Age in England and Wales, 1993 (Revised) and 1994, 21. , Series DH2 HMSO: London; 
(1995) Occupational Health Decennial Supplement, 10. , Series DS. HMSO: London; 
Peto, J., Henderson, B.E., Pike, M.C., Trends in mesothelioma incidence in the United States and the forecast epidemic due to asbestos exposure during World War II (1981) Quantification of Occupational Cancer, pp. 51-69. , Banbury Report 9, Peto R and Schneiderman M (eds). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory: Cold Spring Harbor, NY; 
Peto, J., Seidman, H., Selikoff, I.J., Mesothelioma mortality in asbestos workers: Implications for models of carcinogenesis and risk assessment (1982) Br J Cancer, 45, pp. 124-135; 
Peto, J., Hodgson, J.T., Matthews, F.E., Jones, J.R., Continuing increase in mesothelioma mortality in Britain (1995) Lancet, 345, pp. 535-539; 
Peto, R., Lopez, A.D., Boreham, J., Thun, M., Heath, C., (1994) Mortality from Smoking in Developed Countries 1950-2000, , Oxford University Press: Oxford; 
Price, B., Analyses of current trends in US mesothelioma incidence Am J Epidemiol, 145, pp. 211-218
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032938943&doi=10.1038%2fsj.bjc.6690105&partnerID=40&md5=a6042183175478c514ea1d766044fcc5
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Paramyxovirus infections in childhood and subsequent inflammatory bowel disease
T2  - Gastroenterology
J2  - Gastroenterology
VL  - 116
IS  - 4
SP  - 796
EP  - 803
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.1016/S0016-5085(99)70062-4
SN  - 00165085 (ISSN) 
AU  - Montgomery, S.M.
AU  - Morris, D.L.
AU  - Pounder, R.E.
AU  - Wakefield, A.J.
AD  - Inflammatory Bowel Dis. Study Group, Department of Medicine, Royal Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
AB  - Background and Aims: Measles virus has been implicated in the etiology of both inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is caused by atypical measles infection. This study investigated the patterns of infection that are risks for SSPE, early infection and a close temporal relationship between measles and another infection, as potential risks for IBD. Methods: The data are from 7019 members of a nationally representative 1970 British Cohort Study. The ages of five childhood infections were recorded before onset of IBD symptoms. Diagnoses of IBD and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), as a control disease, were identified by age 26 years. Results: Mumps infection before age 2 years was a risk for ulcerative colitis (odds ratio, 25.12; 95% confidence interval, 6.35-99.36). Measles and mumps infections in the same year of life were significantly associated with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, with odds ratios of 7.47 (2.42-23.06) and 4.27 (1.24- 14.46), but not with IDDM. These relationships are independent of each other as well as sex, social class at birth, household crowding in childhood, and family history of IBD. Conclusions: Atypical paramyxovirus infections in childhood may be risk factors for later IBD.
KW  - article
KW  - clinical article
KW  - colon Crohn disease
KW  - human
KW  - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
KW  - Paramyxovirus
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk factor
KW  - subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
KW  - ulcerative colitis
PB  - W.B. Saunders
N1  - Cited By :73
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: GASTA
C2  - 10092301
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Montgomery, S.M.; Inflammatory Bowel Dis. Study Group, Department of Medicine, Royal Free and Univ. Coll. Med. Sch., Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; email: smm@rfhsm.ac.uk
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033038013&doi=10.1016%2fS0016-5085%2899%2970062-4&partnerID=40&md5=50158b455268b784d95683ed5c707fe7
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Pre-school education and attainment in the National Child Development Study and British Cohort Study
T2  - Education Economics
J2  - Educ. Econ.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
SP  - 209
EP  - 234
PY  - 1999
SN  - 09645292 (ISSN) 
AU  - Feinstein, L.
AU  - Robertson, D.
AU  - Symons, J.
AD  - Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, Houghton St., London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
AB  - This paper considers the effect of how children pass time before entrance to school on attainment in primary school. We find in National Child Development Study data that children perform marginally better at 7 and 11 if they spent time with their mother, or at a pre-school, rather than in informal care. This holds when one controls for parental education, social class and assessed parental interest in the child's education, as well as the quality of the peer group. In the British Cohort Study, however, time spent in nurseries effected no improvement in mathematics at 10 as compared with time in informal care, and pre-school children were performing much worse in reading. This worse performance was traceable to reduced vocabulary at 5. Pre-school children were more advanced in copying at 5 relative to children in informal care, but, while copying is a good predictor of scores in both mathematics and reading at 10, this advancement had been offset by then.
KW  - child development
KW  - educational attainment
KW  - United Kingdom
N1  - Cited By :19
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Feinstein, L.; Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, Houghton St., London, WC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032706967&partnerID=40&md5=67299f3a018464e3d2c2401174aa3dcd
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Injuries in the adolescent population in Scotland: patterns and types of injuries sustained.
T2  - Health bulletin
J2  - Health Bull (Edinb)
VL  - 57
IS  - 3
SP  - 165
EP  - 174
PY  - 1999
SN  - 03748014 (ISSN) 
AU  - Beattie, T.
AU  - Richards, D.
AU  - Belton, N.
AU  - Moffat, M.
AU  - Elton, R.
AD  - Accident & Emergency Department, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh.
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To provide information on the incidence, sex distribution, type, site and severity of injuries requiring medical attention reported in a nationally representative sample of Scottish teenagers studied longitudinally. DESIGN: Health visitors administered structured interviews with parents (usually mothers). Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS-PC, and qualitative and textual data were coded using the Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS). SETTING: Scotland. SUBJECTS: Responses were received in respect of 958 (68%) of the estimated 1,416 teenagers enrolled in the British Cohort Study (BCS 70), and resident in Scotland in 1986/7. RESULTS: 43% of subjects were reported as having experienced one or more unintentional injury events requiring medical attention between the ages of 10 and 16/17. Boys experienced significantly more injuries than girls. Neither social class nor region appeared to be a significant risk factor for reported injury. CONCLUSION: Patterns of accidents in Scottish adolescents are reported. Further areas for study are suggested.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - classification
KW  - community health nursing
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - injury
KW  - interview
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - male
KW  - parent
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Child
KW  - Community Health Nursing
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Interviews
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Parents
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Wounds and Injuries
N1  - Cited By :2
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 2003092771
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Beattie, T.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0038160027&partnerID=40&md5=8b1495345b90798249b4e4128bead36a
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Parental divorce and partnership dissolution in adulthood: Evidence from a British cohort study
T2  - Population Studies
J2  - Popul. Stud.
VL  - 53
IS  - 1
SP  - 39
EP  - 48
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.1080/00324720308068
SN  - 00324728 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kiernan, K.E.
AU  - Cherlin, A.J.
AD  - London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Sociology, Johns Hopkins University, United States
AB  - From a longitudinal survey of a British cohort born in 1958 this study finds that, by age 33, off-spring of parents who divorced are more likely to have dissolved their first partnerships. This finding persists after taking into account age at first partnership, type of first partnership (marital, pre-marital cohabiting union, and cohabiting union), and indicators of class background and childhood and adolescent school achievement and behaviour problems. Some of these factors are associated with partnership dissolution in their own right, but the association between parental divorce and second generation partnership dissolution is largely independent of them. Demographic factors, including type of and age at first partnership, were important links between parental divorce and partnership dissolution. Moreover, the estimated effects of parental divorce were substantially reduced when the demographic variables were taken into account, suggesting that cohabitation and early partnership may be important pathways through which a parental divorce, or the unmeasured characteristics correlated with it, affect partnership dissolution. © 1999 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
KW  - cohabitation
KW  - demographic trend
KW  - marriage
KW  - social structure
KW  - United Kingdom
N1  - Cited By :48
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kiernan, K.E.; London School of Economics and Political ScienceUnited Kingdom
N1  - References: Bennett, N.G., Blanc, A.K., Bloom, D.E., Commitment and the modern union: Assessing the link between premarital cohabitation and subsequent marital instability (1988) American Sociological Review, 53, pp. 127-138; 
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Bumpass, L.L., Castro Martin, T., Swreet, J.A., The impact of family background and early marital factors on marital disruption (1991) Journal of Family Issues, 12 (1), pp. 22-42; 
Bumpass, L.L., Sweet, J.A., Differentials in marital instability (1972) American Sociological Review, 37, pp. 754-755; 
Bumpass, L.L., Sweet, J.A., National estimates of cohabitation: Cohort levels and union stability (1989) Demography, 25, pp. 615-625; 
Cherlin, A., Furstenberg, F.F., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Kiernan, K.E., Robins, P., Morrison, D.R., Teitler, J.O., Longitudinal studies of effects of divorce on children in great britain and the united states (1991) Science, 252, pp. 1386-1389; 
Cherlin, A., Kiernan, K.E., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., Parental divorce in childhood and demographic outcomes in young adulthood (1995) Demography, 32, pp. 299-318; 
Cox, D.R., Regression models and life tables (With discussion) (1972) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 34, pp. 187-220. , Series B; 
Haskey, J., Pre-marital cohabitation and the probability of subsequent divorce (1992) Population Trends, 68, pp. 10-19. , HMSO, London; 
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Hetherington, M., Parents, children and siblings six years after divorce (1988) Relationships within Families, , R. Hinde and J. Stevenson-Hinde (eds), Oxford: Clarendon Press; 
Hetherington, M., Coping with family transitions: Winners, losers and survivors (1989) Child Development, 60, pp. 1-14; 
Hoem, J.M., (1991) Trends and Patterns in Swedish Divorce Risks 1971-1989: A Case of Modern Demographic Analysis, , Research Reports in Demography, University of Stockholm; 
Hoem, J.M., Hoem, B., The disruption of marital and non-marital unions in contemporary sweden (1992) Demographic Applications of Event History Analysis, , J. Trussell, R. Hankinson and J. Tilton, Oxford: Clarendon Press; 
Ermisch, J., Francesconi, M., (1996) Partnership Formation and Dissolution in Great Britain, , Working Papers of the ESRC Research Centre on Micro-social Change, 96-10, Colchester University of Essex; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The wages of motherhood: Better or worse?
T2  - Cambridge Journal of Economics
J2  - Camb. J. Econ.
VL  - 23
IS  - 5
SP  - 543
EP  - 564
PY  - 1999
SN  - 0309166X (ISSN) 
AU  - Joshi, H.
AU  - Paci, P.
AU  - Waldfogel, J.
AB  - Data from two British cohort studies show that women with children have lower wages than childless women. We develop an innovative decomposition of this 'family gap'. The crude pay gap between mothers and childless women in their thirties was similar in 1978 and 1991, but low pay in part-time work became more important in explaining this gap, and human capital less so. We find that, among full-time employees, women who broke their employment at childbirth were subsequently paid less than childless women. In contrast, mothers who maintained employment continuity were as well paid as childless women, but neither were as well remunerated as men.
KW  - Human capital
KW  - Mothers
KW  - Part-time jobs
KW  - Wages
KW  - gender issue
KW  - income distribution
KW  - wage gap
KW  - womens employment
KW  - United Kingdom
N1  - Cited By :92
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Joshi, H.; Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Institute of Education, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AL, United Kingdom; email: hj@cls.ioe.ac.uk
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Hill, M., The wage effects of marital status and children (1979) Journal of Human Resources, 14 (4), pp. 579-594; 
Hills, J., (1995) Inquiry into Income and Wealth, 2. , Ch. 4, Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York, UK; 
Jones, E., Long, J., Part week work and human capital investment by married women (1979) Journal of Human Resources, 14 (4), pp. 563-578; 
Joshi, H., The cash opportunity cost of childbearing: An approach to estimation using british evidence (1990) Population Studies, 44, pp. 41-60; 
Joshi, H., Sex and motherhood as handicaps in the labour market (1991) Women's Issues in Social Policy, pp. 179-193. , Groves, D. and Maclean, M. (eds) , London, Routledge; 
Joshi, H., Macran, S.E., Dex, S., Employment after childbearing and women's subsequent labour force participation: Evidence from the British 1958 birth cohort (1996) Journal of Population Economics, 9 (3), pp. 325-348; 
Joshi, H., Newell, M.-L., (1989) Pay Differentials and Parenthood: Analysis of Men and Women Born in 1946, , Institute of Employment Research Report, Coventry, University of Warwick; 
Joshi, H., Paci, P., (1998) Unequal Pay for Women and Men, , Cambridge, MA, MIT Press; 
Korenman, S., Neumark, D., Marriage, motherhood and wages (1992) Journal of Human Resources, 27, pp. 233-255; 
Lee, L., Generalised econometric models with selectivity (1983) Econometrica, , March; 
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Makepeace, G., Paci, P., Joshi, H., Dolton, P., Has equal treatment in pay progressed since the 1970s? A study across men and women in two cohorts (1999) Journal of Human Resources, , forthcoming; 
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Sorensen, E., (1991) Exploring the Reasons behind the Narrowing Gender Gap in Earnings, , Washington DC, Urban Institute; 
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Waldfogel, J., The effects of children on women's wages (1997) American Sociological Review, 62, pp. 209-217; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Drug-related mortality in Denmark 1970-93
T2  - Scandinavian Journal of Public Health
J2  - Scand. J. Public Health
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
SP  - 48
EP  - 53
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.1177/14034948990270010101
SN  - 14034948 (ISSN) 
AU  - Juel, K.
AU  - Helweg-Larsen, K.
AD  - The Danish Institute for Clinical Epidemiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
AB  - We analysed drug-related mortality in Denmark with respect to secular trends, gender, and regional variations, for the period 1970 - 93, for all deaths from poisoning and among drug addicts. The study was based on the Register of Causes of Death in Denmark and included 6,229 drug-related deaths, defined by specific combinations of manner of death, underlying cause of death, and contributory cause of death. The main outcome measure is age-specific mortality rate. A total of 63% of the drug-related deaths were registered as unnatural deaths. During the period studied, mortality increased for men in the 25 - 49 year age group and for women in all age groups over 25 years of age. For both men and women, the youngest birth cohorts from the mid-1950s and 1960s suffered much higher mortality than those born before 1950; however, the three youngest birth cohorts had almost the same mortality. During the entire period, mortality in the capital, Copenhagen, was much higher than in the provinces, but in the last years, a more favourable trend has been seen in Copenhagen. © 1999, Sage Publications. All rights reserved.
KW  - birth cohorts
KW  - cause of death
KW  - Denmark
KW  - drugs
KW  - geography
KW  - mortality
KW  - time
KW  - accident
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cause of death
KW  - Denmark
KW  - drug dependence
KW  - female
KW  - homicide
KW  - human
KW  - intoxication
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - priority journal
KW  - suicide
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Aged
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Denmark
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Registries
KW  - Residence Characteristics
KW  - Sex Distribution
KW  - Substance-Related Disorders
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :4
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 10847671
LA  - English
N1  - References: Kringsholm, B., Deaths among drug addicts in Denmark in 1968-1986 (1988) Forensic Sci Int, 38, pp. 139-149; 
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Steentoft, A., Teige, B., Holmgren, P., Vuori, E., Kristinsson, J., Kaa, E., Wethe, G., Simonsen, K.W., Fatal poisoning in young drug addicts in the Nordic countries: a comparison between 19841985 and 1991 (1996) Forensic Sci Int, 78, pp. 29-37; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The television generation's relation to the mass media in Germany: Accounting for the impact of private television
T2  - Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media
J2  - J. Broadcast. Electron. Media
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
SP  - 364
EP  - 385
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.1080/08838159909364497
SN  - 08838151 (ISSN) 
AU  - Peiser, W.
AD  - Hochschule fuer Musik und Theater Hannover, Germany
AD  - Institut fuer Publizistik, University of Mainz, Germany
AB  - This study extends earlier research on the television generation's media-related behavior. Those who have grown up with TV are often said to be (therefore) more devoted to TV and less inclined to read than people born earlier. To provide evidence, data on TV and newspaper use and on attachment to both media in Germany, 1970-1995, were cohort-analyzed, controlling for the age-specific effect of the introduction of private TV in the mid-eighties. While younger birth cohorts are less interested in the newspaper, the TV generation is not more devoted to TV than most of the preceding cohorts. © 1999 Broadcast Education Association.
PB  - Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
N1  - Cited By :7
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
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Peiser, W., (1996) Die Fernsehgeneration [The Television Generation], , Opladen, Germany: Westdeutscher Verlag; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Trend in mortality from respiratory distress syndrome in the United States, 1970-1995
T2  - Journal of Pediatrics
J2  - J. Pediatr.
VL  - 134
IS  - 4
SP  - 434
EP  - 440
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.1016/S0022-3476(99)70200-3
SN  - 00223476 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lee, K.-S.
AU  - Khoshnood, B.
AU  - Wall, S.N.
AU  - Chang, Y.-P.
AU  - Hsieh, H.-L.
AU  - Singh, J.K.
AD  - Center for Perinatal Epidemiology, Chicago Children's Hospital, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
AD  - MC 6060, Pediatrics, Chicago Children's Hospital, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
AB  - Objective: We examined the trend in mortality caused by respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and its impact on changes in infant and neonatal mortality rates (IMR, NMR) in the United States. Study design: Data on infant deaths in the United States for the period 1970 through 1995 were used to compare RDS-Specific IMR to other cause-specific IMR. Data from the U.S. birth cohorts of 1985 through 1991 were used to examine birth weight- and RDS-specific NMRs. Results: IMR from RDS declined from 2.6 per 1000 live births in 1970 to 0.4 per 1000 in 1995. More than three quarters of this decline occurred between 1970 and 1985. RDS-specific NMR declined by 13% between 1985 and 1988 and by more than twofold greater, that is, 28%, between 1988 and 1991. There was also a significant reduction in postneonatal mortality from chronic lung diseases between 1988 and 1991. Conclusions: Most of the reduction in mortality from RDS occurred before the introduction of surfactant therapy. The recent accelerated reduction in mortality from RDS between 1988 and 1991 was temporally associated with widespread use of surfactant therapy and was the single most important factor for reduction in overall NMR in the United States.
KW  - surfactant
KW  - article
KW  - atelectasis
KW  - birth weight
KW  - cause of death
KW  - drug use
KW  - human
KW  - hyaline membrane disease
KW  - infant
KW  - infant mortality
KW  - newborn
KW  - newborn mortality
KW  - priority journal
KW  - respiratory distress syndrome
KW  - survival
KW  - United States
PB  - Mosby Inc.
N1  - Cited By :48
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JOPDA
C2  - 10190917
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lee, K.-S.; MC 6060, Chicago Children's Hospital, University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
N1  - References: (1974) Vital Statistics of the United States, Annual Volumes, 1970 Through 1991. Vol II. Mortality, 2. , Public Health Service, Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office; 
Kochanek, K.D., Hudson, B.L., (1995) Advance Report of Final Mortality Statistics, 1992. Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 43 (6 SUPPL.). , Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 
Gardner, P., Hudson, B.L., (1996) Advance Report of Final Mortality Statistics, 1993. Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 44 (7 SUPPL.). , Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 
Singh, G.K., Kochanek, K.D., MacDorman, M.F., (1996) Advance Report of Final Mortality Statistics, 1994. Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 45 (3 SUPPL.). , Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 
Anderson, R.N., Kochanek, K.D., Murphy, S.L., (1997) Report of Final Mortality Statistics, 1995. Monthly Vital Statistics Report, 45 (11 SUPPL. 2). , Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics; 
Horbar, J.D., Soll, R.F., Sutherland, J.M., Kotagal, U., Philip, A.G., Kessler, D.L., A multicenter randomized, placebo-controlled trial of surfactant therapy for respiratory distress syndrome (1989) N Engl J Med, 320, pp. 959-965; 
Long, W., Corbet, A., Cotton, R., Courtney, S., McGuiness, G., Walter, D., A controlled trial of synthetic surfactant in infants weighing 1250g or more with respiratory distress syndrome (1991) N Engl J Med, 325, pp. 1696-1703; 
Soll, R.F., Hoekstra, R., Fangman, J.J., Multicenter trial of single-dose modified bovine surfactant extract (Survanta) for prevention of respiratory distress syndrome (1990) Pediatrics, 85, pp. 1092-1102; 
Surfactant replacement therapy for severe neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: An international randomized clinical trial (1988) Pediatrics, 82, pp. 683-691; 
Gitlin, J.D., Soll, R.F., Parad, R.B., Horbar, J.D., Feldman, H.A., Lucey, J.F., Randomized controlled trial of exogenous surfactant for the treatment of hyaline membrane disease (1987) Pediatrics, 79, pp. 31-37; 
Fujiwara, T., Konishi, M., Chida, S., Okuyama, K., Ogawa, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Surfactant replacement therapy with a single postventilatory dose of a reconstituted bovine surfactant in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome: Final analysis of a multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial and comparison with similar trials (1990) Pediatrics, 86, pp. 753-764; 
Speer, C.P., Robertson, B., Curstedt, T., Halliday, H.L., Compagnone, D., Gefeller, O., Randomized European multicenter trial of surfactant replacement therapy for severe respiratory distress syndrome: Single versus multiple doses of Curosurf (1992) Pediatrics, 89, pp. 13-20; 
Horbar, J.D., Wright, E.C., Onstad, L., Decreasing mortality associated with the introduction of surfactant therapy: An observational study of neonates weighing 601 to 1300 grams at birth (1993) Pediatrics, 92, pp. 191-196; 
Schwarz, R.M., Luby, A.M., Scanlon, J.W., Kellog, R.J., Effect of surfactant on morbidity, mortality, and resource use in newborn infants weighing 500 to 1500 g (1994) N Engl J Med, 330, pp. 1476-1480; 
Hamvas, A., Wise, P.H., Yang, R.K., Wampler, N.S., Noguchi, A., Maurer, M.M., The influence of the wider use of surfactant therapy on neonatal mortality among blacks and whites (1996) N Engl J Med, 334, pp. 1635-1640; 
Palta, M., Weinstein, M.R., McGuinness, G., Gabbert, D., Brady, W., Peter, M.E., A population study: Mortality and morbidity after availability of surfactant therapy (1994) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 148, pp. 1295-1301; 
(1995) 1985, 1988 and 1991 Birth Cohort Linked Birth and Infant Death Data Set, , Hyattsville (MD): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services, January 1995, February and May CD-ROM Series 20, No. 2, 4, and 7; 
The international classification of diseases (1994) Clinical Modification. 4th Ed., , 9th rev. New York: McGraw-Hill; 
Avery, M.E., Mead, J., Surface properties in relation to atelectasis and hyaline membrane disease (1959) Am J Dis Child, 97, pp. 517-523; 
Fujiwara, T., Maeta, H., Chida, S., Morita, T., Watabe, Y., Abe, T., Artificial surfactant therapy in hyaline membrane disease (1980) Lancet, 1, pp. 55-59; 
O'Shea, T.M., Preisser, J., Klinepeter, K.L., Dillard, R.G., Trends in mortality and cerebral palsy in a geographically based cohort of very low birth weight neonates born between 1982 to 1994 (1998) Pediatrics, 101, pp. 642-647; 
Liggins, G.C., Howie, R.N., A controlled trial of antepartum glucocorticoid treatment for prevention of the respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants (1972) Pediatrics, 50, pp. 515-525; 
Avery, M.E., Historical overview of antenatal steroid use (1995) Pediatrics, 95, pp. 133-135; 
Horbar, J.D., Increasing use of antenatal corticosteroid therapy between 1990 and 1993 in Vermont Oxford Network (1997) J Perinatol, 17, pp. 309-313; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Breast cancer trends of black women compared with white women
T2  - Archives of Family Medicine
J2  - Arch. Fam. Med.
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
SP  - 521
EP  - 528
PY  - 1999
DO  - 10.1001/archfami.8.6.521
SN  - 10633987 (ISSN) 
AU  - Chu, K.C.
AD  - Office of Special Populations Research, National Cancer Institute, Bldg. Executive Plaza South, 320, 9000 Rochville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
AB  - Objective: To investigate why breast cancer mortality rates have decreased in the 1990s for white women but not for black women. Design: Racial differences in breast cancer incidence, survival, and mortality rates were examined using regression methods and age-period-cohort models. Setting: United States breast cancer mortality rates from 1970 through 1995, breast cancer incidence rates from 1980 through 1995, and 3-year survival rates from 1980 through 1993. The incidence and survival data are from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, representing 11% of the US population, of the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Md. Results: For both white and black women aged 30 to 39 years, breast cancer mortality rates began decreasing in 1987. For white women aged 40 to 79 years, breast cancer mortality rates declined after 1989, and for blackwomen aged 40 to 69 years, mortality rates ceased increasing in the middle to late 1980s. Birth cohort trends were similar by race, but calendar period trends and survival rates differed. Conclusions: Declines in mortality rates in women younger than 40 years reflect a favorable birth cohort trend for women born after 1948 and likely reflect changes in risk factors. The increased early detection of breast cancer by mammography and improvements in breast cancer treatment appear to be contributing to the improving mortality trends in older women, although black women appear to have benefited less than white women from early detection and treatment advances. In addition, substantial increases in survival rates for white women with regional disease have contributed to their declining mortality rates and likely reflect an increasing use of beneficial adjuvant therapy.
KW  - adult
KW  - African American
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - breast tumor
KW  - Caucasian
KW  - comparative study
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - middle aged
KW  - mortality
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - statistics
KW  - United States
KW  - Adult
KW  - African Americans
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Breast Neoplasms
KW  - European Continental Ancestry Group
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - United States
PB  - American Medical Association
N1  - Cited By :71
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ARFMF
C2  - 10575392
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Chu, K.C.; Office of Special Populations Research, National Cancer Institute, Bldg. Executive Plaza South, 320, 9000 Rochville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States; email: kclOd@iuh.gov
N1  - References: Brown, M.L., Kessler, L.G., Rueter, F.G., Is the supply of mammography machines outstripping need and demand? an economic analysis (1990) Ann Intern Med, 113, pp. 547-552; 
NIH Consensus Conference. Adjuvant therapy for breast cancer (1985) JAMA, 254, pp. 3461-3463; 
Effects of adjuvant tamoxifen and of cytotoxic therapy on mortality in early breast cancer (1988) NEnglJMed, 319, pp. 1681-1692; 
Systemic treatment of early breast cancer by hormonal, cytotoxic, or immune therapy: 133 randomised trials involving 31,000 recurrences and 24,000 deaths among 75,000 women (1992) Lancet, 339, pp. 1-15
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0033227675&doi=10.1001%2farchfami.8.6.521&partnerID=40&md5=3ac02511505c0a34b284de250edaac84
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Life course exposure and later disease: A follow-up study based on medical examinations carried out in Glasgow University (1948-68)
T2  - Public Health
J2  - Public Health
VL  - 113
IS  - 6
SP  - 265
EP  - 271
PY  - 1999
SN  - 00333506 (ISSN) 
AU  - McCarron, P.
AU  - Davey Smith, G.
AU  - Okasha, M.
AU  - McEwen, J.
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom
AB  - Evidence for the relationship between exposures in fetal life, infancy, childhood and early adulthood, and risk of chronic disease in later middle-age continues to accumulate. Further understanding of the associations between exposures acting over the life course and current morbidity and mortality in middle-age and later must depend upon the follow-up of previously established cohorts. This paper describes the design of, and background to, a follow-up of individuals who participated in a survey of student health in the University of Glasgow between 1948 and 1968. 15,332 students, almost a quarter of whom were female, had detailed medical information collected from a doctor-administered questionnaire and physical examination. Participation was voluntary; approximately 50% of the student population took part and these students were representative of the entire student population. Data collected include: socio-demographic, behavioural, developmental, anthropometric, and clinical details, as well as details of medical history and family health and structure. Data are over 95% complete for most variables. Over 40% of students were examined on two or more occasions with 1026 students (6.8%) having four or more examinations. Over 90% of students were from social classes I-III. Eighty-two per cent (12,533/15,322) of the students have been traced and flagged through the National Health Service Central Register and attempts are on-going to increase this figure. Those study members who have been traced are representative of the original cohort. To date 1111 (7.2%) of those traced have died. These data constitute a unique record of the health and physical development of a large cohort of students from Glasgow. Follow-up to investigate the relationship between indices of health and development, (height, weight, blood pressure), health behaviours and social circumstances in childhood and young adulthood, and mortality and morbidity in later adulthood is under way.
KW  - Disease
KW  - Exposures
KW  - Follow-up
KW  - Glasgow University
KW  - Life course
KW  - academic research
KW  - disease prevalence
KW  - life history
KW  - medical geography
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - chronic disease
KW  - demography
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - life table
KW  - lifespan
KW  - lifestyle
KW  - male
KW  - medical examination
KW  - medical information
KW  - morbidity
KW  - mortality
KW  - normal human
KW  - physical examination
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - Glasgow
KW  - Scotland(Strathclyde)
KW  - United Kingdom
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
N1  - Cited By :45
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PUHEA
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: McCarron, P.; Epidemiology Public Health Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom
N1  - Funding details: Stroke Association, Stroke Association
N1  - Funding details: Chest, Heart and Stroke Association Scotland, Chest, Heart and Stroke Association Scotland
N1  - Funding text: The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Stroke Association, the Scottish Chest Heart and Stroke Association and NHS R&D CVD Programme, Northern and Yorkshire who provided funding for this study.
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Nieto, F.J., Szklo, M., Comstock, G.W., Childhood weight and growth rate as predictors of adult mortality (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 136, pp. 201-213; 
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Gunnell, D.J., Childhood leg length and adult mortality: Follow up of the Carnegie (Boyd Orr) Survey of Diet and Health in Pre-war Britain (1998) J Epidemiol Community Health, 52, pp. 142-152; 
Frankel, S., Childhood energy intake and adult cancer-The Boyd Orr cohort study (1998) BMJ, 316, pp. 499-504; 
Wannamethee, S.C., Whincup, P.H., Shaper, C., Walker, M., Influence of fathers social class on cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1259-1263; 
Blane, D., Association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with socioeconomic position during childhood and during adulthood (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 1434-1438; 
Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Insulin resistance syndrome and childhood social conditions (1997) Lancet, 349, pp. 284-285; 
Lehingue, Y., Environnement foetal et risque cardio-ischémique: Revue de la littérature avec référence particulière au syndrome X (1996) Rev Epidém et Santé Publ, 44, pp. 262-277; 
Must, A., Long-term morbidity and mortality of overweight adolescents. A follow-up of the Harvard Growth Study of 1922 to 1935 (1992) N Engl J Med, 327, pp. 1350-1355; 
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Thorne, M.C., Wing, A.L., Paffenbarger, R.S., Chronic disease in former college students. VII. Early precursors of nonfatal coronary heart disease (1968) Am J Epidemiol, 87, pp. 520-529; 
Paffenbarger, R.S., Wing, A.L., Chronic disease in former college students. XI Early precursors of adult-onset diabetes mellitus (1973) Am J Epidemiol, 97, pp. 314-323; 
Paffenbarger, R.S., Wing, A.L., Chronic disease in former college students. XI Early precursors of nonfatal stroke (1971) Am J Epidemiol, 94, pp. 524-530; 
Paffenbarger, R.S., Wing, A.L., Chronic disease in former college students. X The effects of single and multiple characteristics on risk of fatal coronary heart disease (1969) Am J Epidemiol, 90, pp. 527-535; 
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Leon, D.A., Reduced fetal growth rate and increased risk of death from ischaemic heart disease: Cohort study of 15 000 Swedish men and women born 1915-1929 (1998) BMJ, 317, pp. 241-245; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Work-related cancer in the Nordic countries
T2  - Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health
J2  - Scand. J. Work Environ. Health
VL  - 25
IS  - SUPPL. 2
SP  - 1
EP  - 114
PY  - 1999
SN  - 03553140 (ISSN) 
AU  - Andersen, A.
AU  - Barlow, L.
AU  - Engeland, A.
AU  - Kjærheim, K.
AU  - Lynge, E.
AU  - Pukkala, E.
AD  - Cancer Registry of Norway, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
AD  - National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
AD  - Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
AD  - Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
AB  - This report presents 20 years' of cancer incidence data by occupational group for the Nordic populations. The study covers the 10 million people aged 24-64 years at the time of the 1970 censuses in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden, and the 1 million incident cancer cases diagnosed among these people during the subsequent 20 years. The project was undertaken as a cohort study with linkage of individual records based on the personal identification numbers used in all the Nordic countries. In the 1970 censuses, information on occupation for each economically active member of the household was provided in free text in self-administered questionnaires. The data were centrally coded and computerized in the statistical offices. Norway, Sweden, and Finland used the Nordic Classification of Occupations, while Denmark used a national coding scheme. However, all the data could be reclassified into 53 occupational groups and 1 group of economically inactive persons. Person-years at risk were accumulated from 1 January 1971 until the date of emigration, date of death or 31 December 1987 in Denmark, 1989 in Sweden, 1990 in Finland, and 1991 in Norway. The 4 countries all had nationwide registration of incident cancer cases during the entire study period. All incident cancer cases during the individual risk periods were included in the analysis. Despite minor differences between the countries, the International Classification of Diseases, 7th revision, formed the core basis for the diagnostic coding in all 4 countries. For the present study the incident cancer cases have been classified into 35 broad diagnostic groups. The observed number of cancer cases in each group of persons defined by country, gender, and occupation was compared with the expected number calculated from the age-, gender-, and period-specific person-years and the incidence rates for the national population. The result has been presented as a standardized incidence ratio (SIR), defined as the observed number of cases divided by the expected number and multiplied by 100. In the tables of this report, all the SIR values for which the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval is below 100 are printed in green and all those for which the lower limit of the confidence interval is above 100 are printed in red. For all cancers combined, the study showed a wide variation among the men, from an SIR of 79 for fanners to 159 for waiters. The occupations with the highest SIR values also included seamen and workers producing beverages and tobacco. Among the women the SIR valuesvaried from 83 for gardeners to 129 for tobacco workers. Low SIR values were found for farmers and teachers. Outdoor workers such as fishermen and gardeners had the highest risk of lip cancer, while the lowest risk was found among indoor workers such as physicians and artistic workers. Almost all pleural cancers are associated with asbestos exposure. Accordingly, plumbers, welders, mechanics, and seamen were the occupations with the highest risk. There was also an excess risk of pleural cancer in the occupational group of technical, chemical, physical, and biological workers, including, among others, engineers and chemists potentially exposed to asbestos. The wood workers included in the present study had the highest risk of nasal cancer. Most studies of nasal cancer have shown increased risks associated with exposure to wood dust, both for those in furniture making and for those exposed exclusively to soft wood. Nickel refinery workers are also known for their high risk of nasal cancer. In the present study they were included in the occupational group of smelting workers. Lung cancer was the most frequent cancer among men in the present study. Tobacco smoking is the major risk factor for this disease, but occupational exposures also play an important role. Waiters and tobacco workers had the highest risk of lung cancer. Miners and quarry workers also had a high risk of lung cancer, which may be related to their exposure to silica dust and radon daughters. Among women, tobacco workers had the highest risk of lung cancer and farmers and gardeners had the lowest risk. Waiters had the highest risk of bladder cancer for men, and they were one of the groups at highest risk among the women. Chimney sweeps and male hairdressers also had high SIR values for bladder cancer. Chimney sweeps are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from chimney soot, and the carcinogenicity of these compounds is well documented. Almost all occupational groups with low SIR values for bladder cancer also had low SIR values for lung cancer, groups such as farmers, gardeners, and those working in pedagogical work. Exposure to the known hepatocarcinogens, Hepatitis B virus and aflatoxins is rare in the Nordic countries, and a large proportion of primary liver cancers can therefore be attributed to alcohol consumption. When primary liver cancer was classified by occupation, high risks werefound for occupational groups with easy access to alcohol at the workplace or with cultural traditions for high alcohol consumption. Among men, waiters, journalists, cooks, beverage workers, and seamen had the highest risk. The lowest SIR values were found for farmers, forestry workers, teachers, wood workers, and gardeners.The risk of colon cancer has been related to sedentary work. The findings in the present study were in agreement, especially for men with this pattern, as journalists and physicians had the highest risk and outdoor workers such as farmers and forestry workers had the lowest risk.The occupational categories with the highest risks of breast cancer in the present study are accompanied by a university or equivalent education. This pattern is in agreement with a relatively late age at first birth among the well-educated Nordic women from the relevant birth cohorts. Malignant melanoma showed the same strong social gradient as cancers of the colon and breast.
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Environment
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Industry
KW  - Malignant neoplasms
KW  - Occupation
KW  - asbestos
KW  - nickel
KW  - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
KW  - radon daughter
KW  - silicon dioxide
KW  - cancer
KW  - disease prevalence
KW  - medical geography
KW  - occupational exposure
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - bladder cancer
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - cancer
KW  - cancer classification
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - colon cancer
KW  - Denmark
KW  - dust exposure
KW  - female
KW  - Finland
KW  - human
KW  - lip cancer
KW  - liver cancer
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - melanoma
KW  - Norway
KW  - nose cancer
KW  - occupational exposure
KW  - occupational health
KW  - pleura cancer
KW  - priority journal
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - Sweden
KW  - tobacco
KW  - Scandinavia
PB  - Finnish Institute of Occupational Health
N1  - Cited By :219
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SWEHD
C2  - 10507118
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Andersen, A.; The Cancer Registry of Norway, Montebello, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: asbestos, 1332-21-4; nickel, 7440-02-0; silicon dioxide, 10279-57-9, 14464-46-1, 14808-60-7, 15468-32-3, 60676-86-0, 7631-86-9
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Patterns of fertility change in Ghana: A time and space perspective
T2  - Geografiska Annaler, Series B: Human Geography
J2  - Geogr. Ann. Ser. B Hum. Geogr.
VL  - 80
IS  - 4
SP  - 203
EP  - 213
PY  - 1998
SN  - 04353684 (ISSN) 
AU  - Agyei-Mensah, S.
AU  - Aase, A.
AD  - Dept. of Geogr. and Rsrc. Devmt., University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
AD  - Department of Geography, University of Science and Technology, N-7034 Trondheim, Norway
AB  - This article examines fertility change in Ghana based on a time and space perspective. The sample draws on three birth cohorts of women born in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, resident in five distinct societies selected from three settlements in Ghana. The findings of the study show that fertility change is occurring in a socioeconomic and geographically distinct manner. Significant fertility declines are traced to the 1960 birth cohorts in all the study areas. For the 1970 cohort this decline continues in the elite areas whereas the urban indigenous areas exhibit a rise in teenage fertility which is not, however, followed by higher fertility after the age of 20. In the rural area fertility rises from the 1960 to the 1970 cohort up to age 24, which is the end point of study for this cohort. The spatial variability between the five study areas has profound implications for the ongoing fertility change in Ghana and Sub-Saharan Africa.
N1  - Cited By :7
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Agyei-Mensah, S.; Dept. of Geogr. and Rsrc. Devmt., University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; email: pip@ug.edu.gh
N1  - References: Agyei-Mensah, S., (1997) Fertility Change in a Time and Space Perspective: Lessons from Three Ghanaian Settlements, , Doctoral dissertation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, April 1997, 361 pages; 
Ahonsi, B., Components of stably high fertility in three areas of West Africa (1991) Social Science and Medicine, 33 (7), pp. 849-857; 
Aryee, A.F., Nuptiality patterns in Ghana (1985) Demographic Patterns in Ghana: Evidence from the Ghana Fertility Survev 1979-1980, pp. 17-18. , SINGH, S., OWUSU, J.Y. and SHAH, I.Q. (eds): Voorburg, the Netherlands: International Statistical Institute; 
Caldwell, J.C., Orubuloye, I., Caldwell, P., Fertility decline in Africa: A new type of transition? (1992) Population and Development Review, 18 (2), pp. 211-242; 
Cleland, J., A regional review of fertility trends in developing countries: 1960-1990 (1996) The Future Population of the World. What Can we Assume Today, , LUTZ, W. (ed.): London: Earthscan; 
Cleland, J., Onuoha, N., Timaues, I., Fertility change in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review of the evidence (1994) The Onset of Fertility Transition in Sub-Sahara Africa, pp. 1-20. , LOCOH, T. and HERTRICH, V. (eds): Liege: Derouaux ordina Editions; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Measles infection, measles vaccination and the effect of birth order in the aetiology of hay fever
T2  - Clinical and Experimental Allergy
J2  - Clin. Exp. Allergy
VL  - 28
IS  - 12
SP  - 1493
EP  - 1500
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1046/j.1365-2222.1998.00436.x
SN  - 09547894 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lewis, S.A.
AU  - Britton, J.R.
AD  - Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
AD  - Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 IPB, United Kingdom
AB  - Background. It has recently been suggested that measles infection may reduce the risk of atopy. Objective. To study the independent effect of measles infection and measles vaccination on the occurrence of hay fever in a British national birth cohort. Methods. In over 6000 children born in 1970, details of immunizations and childhood diseases were collected by parental interviews at ages 5, 10 and 16 years, and hay fever within the past year at age 16 years. Results. In univariate analysis, hay fever was less common in those contracting measles infection than in those not infected (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.76-0,96), and more common in those given measles vaccination than in those not vaccinated (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.03-1.31). However, these effects were strongly confounded by birth order, which was closely associated with the likelihood of receiving measles vaccination and with the risk of hay fever. A strong interaction between the effects of measles vaccination and infection, and birth order was found, such that in those with many older sibling contacts, hay fever was significantly and independently reduced in relation to both measles infection and measles vaccination relative to those who were neither infected nor vaccinated. Conclusions. Both measles infection and measles vaccination in childhood appear to reduce the risk of hay fever in children with multiple older sibling contacts. Differential exposure or response to the measles virus may explain the effect of birth order on the occurrence of allergic disease.
KW  - Birth order
KW  - Hay fever
KW  - Measles infection
KW  - Measles vaccination
KW  - adolescent
KW  - article
KW  - birth order
KW  - controlled study
KW  - etiology
KW  - female
KW  - hay fever
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - measles
KW  - measles vaccination
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - sibling
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Birth Order
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Male
KW  - Measles
KW  - Measles Vaccine
KW  - Nuclear Family
KW  - Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Vaccination
N1  - Cited By :62
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CLEAE
C2  - 10024220
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lewis, S.A.; Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 IPB, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Measles Vaccine
N1  - References: Shaheen, S.O., Aaby, P., Hall, A.J., Measles and atopy in Guinea-Bissau (1996) Lancet, 347, pp. 1792-1796; 
Butland, B.K., Strachan, D.P., Lewis, S., Bynner, J., Butler, N., Britton, J., An investigation of the increase in hay fever and eczema at age 16 observed between the 1958 and 1970 British Birth Cohorts (1997) Br Med J, 315, pp. 717-721; 
Butler, N.R., Golding, J., (1986) From Birth to Five, , Oxford: Pergamon Press; 
Osborn, A.F., Morris, A.C., Rationale for a composite index of social class and its evaluation (1978) Brit J Sociol, 30, pp. 36-60; 
Miller, C., Live measles vaccine: A 21 year follow up (1987) Br Med J, 295, pp. 22-24; 
Von Pirquet, C.E., Das verhalten der kutaten tuberkulin reaktion wahrend der masern (1908) Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 34, pp. 1297-1300; 
Starr, S., Berkovich, S., Effect of measles, gamma-globulin-modified measles and vaccine measles on the tuberculin test (1964) N Engl J Med, 270, pp. 386-391; 
Griffin, D.E., Ward, B.J., Jauregui, E., Johnson, R.T., Vaisberg, A., Immune activation during measles: Interferon and neopterin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in complicated and uncomplicated disease (1990) J Infect Dis, 161, pp. 449-453; 
Griffin, D.E., Ward, B.J., Differential CD4 T cell activation in measles (1993) J Infect Dis, 168, pp. 275-281; 
Griffin, D.E., Ward, B.J., Esolen, L.M., Pathogenesis of measles virus infection: An hypothesis for altered immune responses (1994) J Infect Dis, 170, pp. S24-31; 
Mosmann, T.R., Coffman, R.L., TH1 and TH2 cells: Different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties (1989) Ann Rev Immunol, 7, pp. 145-173; 
Wierenga, E.A., Snoek, M., De Groot, C., Evidence for compartmentalization of functional subsets of CD2+ T lymphocytes in atopic patients (1990) J Immunol, 144, pp. 4651-4656; 
Romagnani, S., Induction of TH1 and TH2 responses: A key role for the natural immune response? (1992) Immunol Today, 13, pp. 379-381; 
Holt, P.G., Immunoprophylaxis of atopy: Light at the end of the tunnel? (1994) Immunol Today, 15, pp. 484-489; 
Crespi, M., Struthers, J.K., Smith, A.N., Lyons, S.F., Interferon status after measles virus infection (1988) S Afr Med J, 73, pp. 711-712; 
Lack, G., Renz, H., Saloga, J., Nebulised but not parenteral IFN-gamma decreases IgE production and normalizes airways function in a murine model of allergic sensitisation (1994) J Immunol, 152, pp. 2546-2554; 
Tang, M.L.K., Kemp, A.S., Thorburn, J., Hill, D.J., Reduced interferon-gamma secretion in neonates and subsequent atopy (1994) Lancet, 344, pp. 983-985; 
Martinez, F.D., Stern, D.A., Wright, A.L., Holberg, C.J., Taussig, L.M., Halonen, M., Association of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma production by blood mononuclear cells in infancy with parental allergy skin tests and with subsequent development of atopy (1995) J Allerg Clin Immunol, 96, pp. 652-660; 
McMenamin, C., Pimm, C., McKersey, M., Holt, P.G., Regulation of IgE responses to inhaled antigen in mice by antigen-specific gamma delta T cells (1994) Science, 265, pp. 1869-1871; 
Ward, B.J., Griffin, D.E., Changes in cytokine production after measles virus vaccination: Predominant production of IL-4 suggests induction of a TH2 response (1993) Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 67, pp. 171-177; 
Fireman, P., Friday, G., Kumate, J., Effect of measles virus vaccine on immunologic responsiveness (1969) Pediatrics, 90, pp. 607-611; 
Shirakawa, T., Enomoto, T., Shimazu, S., Hopkin, J., The inverse association between tuberculin responses and atopic disorder (1997) Science, 275, pp. 77-79; 
Alm, J.S., Lilja, G., Pershagen, G., Scheynius, A., Early BCG vaccination and development of atopy (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 400-403; 
Campbell, D.E., Kemp, A.S., Measles and atopy in African children (1996) Lancet, 348, p. 825; 
Salisbury, D.M., Begg, N.T., (1996) Immunisation Against Infectious Disease, , London: HMSO; 
Strachan, D.P., Is allergic disease programmed in early life? (1994) Clin Exp Allergy, 24, pp. 603-605; 
Aaby, P., Bukh, J., Lisse, I.M., Da Silva, M.C., Further community studies on the role of overcrowding and intensive exposure on measles mortality (1988) Rev Infect Dis, 10, pp. 474-477; 
Aaby, P., Malnutrition and overcrowding/intensive exposure in severe measles infection: Review of community studies (1988) Rev Infect Dis, 10, pp. 478-491; 
Shaheen, S.O., Aaby, P., Hall, A.J., Cell mediated immunity after measles in Guinea-Bissau: Historical cohort study (1996) Br Med J, 313, pp. 969-974; 
Martinez, F.D., Role of viral infections in the inception of asthma and allergies during childhood: Could they be protective? (1994) Thorax, 49, pp. 1189-1191; 
Holt, P.G., Environmental factors and primary T-cell sensitisation to inhalant allergens: Reappraisal of the role of infections and air pollution (1995) Pediatr All Immunol, 6, pp. 1-10
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032437778&doi=10.1046%2fj.1365-2222.1998.00436.x&partnerID=40&md5=53cb97dbe330cc939945cbf7fd21b424
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Accumulation of factors influencing children's middle ear disease: Risk factor modelling on a large population cohort
T2  - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
J2  - J. Epidemiol. Community Health
VL  - 52
IS  - 12
SP  - 786
EP  - 793
PY  - 1998
SN  - 0143005X (ISSN) 
AU  - Bennett, K.E.
AU  - Haggard, M.P.
AD  - MRC Institute of Hearing Research, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
AB  - Study objectives - Data were analysed from a large national birth cohort to examine cumulative and interactive prediction from various risk factors for childhood middle ear disease, and to resolve conflicting evidence arising from small and incompletely controlled studies. The large sample size permitted appropriate covariate adjustment to give generality, and permit demographic breakdown of the risk factors. Setting - A large multi-purpose longitudinal birth cohort study of all births in the UK in one week in 1970, with multiple questionnaire sweeps. Participants - Over 13,000 children were entered into the original cohort. Data on over 12,000 children were available at the five year follow up. Main outcome measures - For children at 5 years, parent reported data were available on health and social factors including data on two markers for middle ear disease: the occurrence of purulent (non-wax) ear discharge and suspected or confirmed hearing difficulty. Main results - In those children who had ever had reported hearing difficulty (suspected or confirmed), after control for socioeconomic status, three of the classic factors (male sex, mother's smoking habits since birth, and attending day care) were significantly more frequent. In those who had ever had ear discharge reported, only mother's smoking habit since birth was significantly more frequent. However, it showed an orderly dose response relation. In addition, a derived general child health score was found to be significantly associated with both the middle ear disease markers. Control for this variable in the analysis of those having reported hearing difficulty reduced the effect size of mother's smoking habit, but it remained statistically significant. For reported ear discharge, even after control for the general health score and social index, mother's smoking habits and day care attendance were both significant predictors. Mother's (but not father's) smoking habits and day care attendance were found to be significant risk factors for middle ear disease. Breast feeding effects were weak and did not generally survive statistical control. Conclusions - A child having all three risk factors (attends day care, a mother who smokes, and male sex) is 3.4 times more likely to have problems with hearing than a child who has none, based on cumulative risk. Further studies should focus on preventative risk modification and well specified intervention.
KW  - article
KW  - breast feeding
KW  - child care
KW  - day care
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - hearing impairment
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - middle ear disease
KW  - newborn
KW  - prediction
KW  - preschool child
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - risk factor
KW  - secretory otitis media
KW  - sex difference
KW  - smoking habit
KW  - social aspect
KW  - social status
KW  - Child Care
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Hearing Disorders
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Otitis Media with Effusion
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Tobacco Smoke Pollution
N1  - Cited By :33
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JECHD
C2  - 10396519
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Bennett, K.E.; Hearing Research, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Tobacco Smoke Pollution
N1  - References: Tos, M., Sequelae of otitis media with and without treatment (1987) Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, S146, p. 18; 
Bexell, A., Rastam, L., Isaccsson, S.-O., Parents' response to middle ear infection in their children (1990) Scand J Soc Med, 18, pp. 25-30; 
Zielhuis, G.A., Heuvelmans-Heinen, E.W., Rach, G.H., Environmental risk factors for otitis media with effusion in pre-school children (1989) Scand J Prim Health Care, 7, pp. 33-38; 
Daly, K., Giebink, G.S., Le, C.T., Determining risk for chronic otitis media with effusion (1988) Pediatr Infect Dis J, 7, pp. 471-475; 
Collett, J.P., Burtin, P., Gillet, J., Risk of infectious diseases in children attending different types of day-care setting (1994) Respiration, 61 (1 SUPPL.), pp. 16-19; 
Etzel, R.A., Pattishall, M.D., Haley, N.J., Passive smoking and middle ear effusion among children in day care (1992) Pediatrics, 90, pp. 228-232; 
Strachan, D.P., Jarvis, M.J., Feyerabend, C., Passive smoking, salivary cotinine concentrations and middle ear effusions in 7 year old children (1989) BMJ, 298, pp. 1549-1552; 
Hinton, A.E., Passive smoking and otitis media with effusion (1992) BMJ, 304, p. 53; 
Rowe-Jones, J.M., Brockbank, M.J., Parental smoking and persistent otitis media with effusion in children (1992) Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 24, pp. 19-24; 
Teele, D.W., Klein, J.O., Rosner, B., Epidemiology of otitis media during the first seven years of life in children in Greater Boston: A prospective, cohort study (1989) J Infect Dis, 160, pp. 83-94; 
Irander, K., Borres, M.P., Bjorksten, B., Middle ear disease in relation to atopy and nasal metachronic cells in infancy (1993) Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 26, pp. 1-9; 
Kraemer, M.J., Richardson, M.A., Weiss, N.S., Risk factors for persistent middle ear effusions: Otitis media, catarrh, cigarette smoke exposure and atopy (1983) JAMA, 249, pp. 1022-1025; 
Van Cauwenberge, P.B., Kluyskens, P.M., Some predisposing factors in otitis media with effusion (1984) Recent Advances in Otitis Media with Effusion, , Lim DJ, Bluestone CD, Klein JO, et al, eds. Philadelphia: BC Decker; 
Williamson, I.C., Dunleavey, J., Robinson, D., Risk factors for otitis media with effusion: A 1-year case-control study in 5-7 year old children (1994) Fam Pract, 11, pp. 271-274; 
Rach, G.H., Zielhuis, G.A., Van Den Broek, P., The influence of chronic persistent otitis media with effusion on language development of 2- To 4-year-olds (1988) Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 15, pp. 253-261; 
Pless, C.E., Pless, I.B., How well they remember - The accuracy of parent reports (1995) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 149, pp. 553-558; 
Daly, K.A., Lindgren, B., Giebink, G.S., Validity of parental report of a child's medical history in otitis media research (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 139, pp. 1116-1121; 
Kannel, W.B., An epidemiological perspective in hypertension problem solving (1994) Cardiology, 85, pp. 71-77; 
Blakley, B.W., Blakley, J.E., Smoking and middle ear disease: Are they related? A review article (1995) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 112, pp. 441-446; 
Butler, N.R., Golding, J., (1986) From Birth to Five, , Oxford: Pergamon Press; 
Osborne, A.F., Morris, T.C., The rationale for a composite index of social class and its evaluation (1979) Br J Social, 30, pp. 39-60; 
(1993) GLIM Statistical Package, , Oxford: The Numerical Algorithm Group; 
Poswillo, D., Alberman, E., (1992) Effects of Smoking on the Fetus, Neonate, and Child, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Charlton, A., Children and passive smoking: A review (1994) J Fam Pract, 38, pp. 267-277; 
Froom, J., Culpepper, L., Otitis media in day-care children. A report from the international primary care network (1991) J Fam Pract, 32, pp. 289-294; 
Duncan, B., Ey, J., Holberg, C.J., Exclusive breast-feeding for at least 4 months protects against otitis media (1993) Pediatrics, 91, pp. 867-872; 
Ford, K., Labbok, M., Breastfeeding and child health in the United States (1993) J Biosoc Sci, 25, pp. 187-194; 
Owen, M.J., Badwin, C.D., Swank, P.R., Relation of infant feeding poistion, cigarette smoke exposure, and group day care in the onset and duration of otitis media with effusion in the first two years of life (1993) J Pediat, 123, pp. 702-711; 
Tainio, V.M., Savilahti, E., Salmenpera, L., Risk factors for infantile recurrent otitis media: Atopy but not type of feeding (1988) Pediatr Res, 23, pp. 509-512; 
Bauchner, H., Leventhal, J., Sharpiro, E., Studies of breastfeeding and infection: How good is the evidence? (1986) JAMA, 256, p. 887
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031726215&partnerID=40&md5=beda9e817f06e04be82d7cb5dd0dd00d
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Investigation into the increase in hay fever and eczema at age 16 observed between the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts
T2  - Journal of Laryngology and Otology
J2  - J. Laryngol. Otol.
VL  - 112
IS  - 1
SP  - 114
EP  - 115
PY  - 1998
SN  - 00222151 (ISSN) 
AU  - Butland, B.K.
AU  - Strachan, D.P.
AU  - Lewis, S.
AU  - Bynner, J.
AU  - Butler, N.
AU  - Britton, J.
AD  - Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital, Medical School, London, United Kingdom
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether changes in certain perinatal and social factors explain the increased prevalence of hay fever and eczema among British adolescents between 1974 and 1986. DESIGN: Two prospective birth cohort studies. SETTING: England, Wales and Scotland. SUBJECTS: 11,195 children born 3-9 March 1958 and 9,387 born 5-11 April 1970. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Parental reports of eczematous rashes and of hay fever or allergic rhinitis in the previous 12 months at age 16. RESULTS: The prevalence of the conditions over the 12 month period increased between 1974 and 1986 from 3.1 per cent to 6.4 per cent (prevalence ratio 2.04 (95 per cent confidence interval 1.79 to 2.32)) for eczema and from 12.0 per cent to 23.3 per cent (prevalence ratio) 1.93 (1.82 to 2.06)) for hay fever. Both conditions were more commonly reported among children of higher birth order and those who were breastfed for longer than one month. Eczema was more commonly reported among girls and hay fever among boys. The prevalence of hay fever decreased sharply between social classes I and V, increased with maternal age up to the early 30s, and was lower in children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. Neither condition varied significantly with birth weight. When adjusted for these factors, the relative odds of hay fever (1986 v 1974) increased from 2.23 (2.05 to 2.43) to 2.40 (2.19 to 2.63). Similarly, the relative odds of eczema rose from 2.02 (1.73 to 2.36) to 2.14 (1.81 to 2.52). CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, changes between cohorts in sex, birth weight, birth order, maternal age, breast feeding, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and lather's social class at birth did not seem to explain any of the observed rise in the prevalence of hay fever and eczema. However, correlates of these factors which have changed over time may still underlie recent increases in allergic disease, Author.
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JLOTA
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital, Medical School, London, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33748393291&partnerID=40&md5=e9b929d1c6e8184da69412a6ee23af5f
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The nutrient and food intakes of British male dieters aged 16-17 years
T2  - Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics
J2  - J. Hum. Nutr. Diet.
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
SP  - 33
EP  - 40
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1046/j.1365-277X.1998.00076.x
SN  - 09523871 (ISSN) 
AU  - Crawley, H.F.
AU  - Summerbell, C.D.
AD  - Stat., OR Probabilistic Methods R., University of North London, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Dept. of Prim. Care and Pop. Sci., Royal Free Hospital, School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
AD  - STORM, University of North London, Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, United Kingdom
AB  - Background: There is little information available about the dieting habits of teenage boys. This study aimed to examine the food and nutrient intake of male teenage dieters and compare these with the patterns reported among female dieters. Method: Male dieters aged 16-17 years were isolated from the 1970 Longitudinal Birth Cohort study group. Five hundred and one males who provided a 4-day unweighed dietary diary, height and weight measurements and appropriate background information. Results: Thirty-nine subjects (7.8%) both reported dieting and had a ratio of reported energy intakes to estimated basal metabolic rate measurements of less than 1.35. Dieters were taller and heavier than non-dieters, with mean BMIs of 24.6 and 20.0, respectively, for the two groups. Dieters reported average energy intakes of 9.16 MJ/day compared to intakes of 12.83 MJ/day among non-dieters, and the percentage of energy provided by protein was higher and that provided by NMES lower among dieters. Reported micronutrient intakes were lower among dieters, with calcium, magnesium, zinc, selenium, iodine, vitamin B6, vitamin C and retinol equivalents the nutrients most vulnerable to reduction in energy intakes. Dieters reported lower intakes of most food groups, but reported intakes of alcohol and meat and meat products were not reduced among dieters. Conclusion: Dieters clearly reported energy intakes which were unlikely to represent levels of intake sufficient to maintain existing weight. The nutrient and food intakes reported by the dieters were likely to reflect either true dieting behaviour during the study period, under-reporting or a combination of these effects.
KW  - Dieting
KW  - Energy intake
KW  - Food intake
KW  - Nutrient intake
KW  - Teenage males
KW  - ascorbic acid
KW  - calcium
KW  - iodine
KW  - magnesium
KW  - pyridoxine
KW  - retinol
KW  - selenium
KW  - trace element
KW  - zinc
KW  - adolescent
KW  - alcohol consumption
KW  - article
KW  - basal metabolic rate
KW  - body height
KW  - body mass
KW  - body weight
KW  - caloric intake
KW  - controlled study
KW  - diet
KW  - dietary intake
KW  - female
KW  - food intake
KW  - habit
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - male
KW  - meat
KW  - normal human
KW  - nutrient
KW  - sex difference
KW  - weight reduction
N1  - Cited By :10
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JHNDE
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Crawley, H.F.; STORM, University of North London, Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Bandini, L.G., Schoeller, D.A., Cyr, H.N., Dietz, W.H., Validity of reported energy intake in obese and nonobese adolescents (1990) Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 52, pp. 421-425; 
Bellisle, F., Monneuse, M.-O., Steptoe, A., Wardle, J., Weight concerns and eating patterns: A survey of university students in Europe (1995) Int. J. Obesity, 19, pp. 723-730; 
Black, A.E., Goldberg, G.R., Jebb, S.A., Livingstone, M.B.E., Cole, T.J., Prentice, A.M., Critical evaluation of energy intake data using fundamental principles of energy physiology. 2. Evaluating the results of published surveys (1991) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 45, pp. 583-599; 
Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1973) British Births 1970, 1. , London: William Heinemann Medical Books; 
Crawley, H., (1988) Food Portion Sizes, , London: HMSO; 
Crawley, H.F., Nutrient and food intakes of teenagers aged 16-17 years in Britain. 1. Energy, macronutrients and non-starch polysaccharides (1993) Br. J. Nutr., 70, pp. 15-26; 
Crawley, H.F., The role of breakfast cereals in the diets of 16-17 year old teenagers in Britain (1993) J. Hum. Nutr. Dietet., 6, pp. 205-216; 
Crawley, H.F., Portides, G., Self-reported vs. measured height, weight and body mass index amongst 16-17 year old British teenagers (1995) Int. J. Obesity, 19, pp. 579-584; 
Crawley, H.F., Shergill-Bonner, R., The nutrient and food intakes of 16-17 year old female dieters in the UK (1995) J. Hum. Nutr. Dietet., 8, pp. 25-34; 
(1991) Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom, , Report on Health and Social Subjects 41. London: HMSO; 
Francis, B., Green, M., Payne, C., (1993) GLIM4, , Oxford: Clarendon Press; 
Goldberg, G.R., Black, A.E., Jebb, S.A., Cole, T.J., Murgatroyd, P.R., Coward, W.A., Prentice, A.M., Critical evaluation of energy intake data using fundamental principles of energy physiology. 1. Derivation of cut-off limits to identify under-recording (1991) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 45, pp. 569-581; 
Huenemann, R.L., Shapiro, L.R., Hampton, M.C., Mitchell, B.W., Food and eating practices of teenagers (1968) J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 53, pp. 17-24; 
Livingstone, M.B.E., Davies, P.S.W., Prentice, A.M., Coward, W.A., Black, A.E., Strain, J.J., McKenna, P.G., Comparison of simultaneous measures of energy intake and expenditure in children and adolescents (1990) Proc. Nutr. Soc., 50, pp. 15A; 
Mareschi, J.P., Identification of those micronutrients most likely to be insufficient as the result of habitual low energy intake (1991) Modern Lifestyles, Lower Energy Intake and Micronutrient Status, pp. 45-50. , ed K. Pietrzik, London: Springer-Verlag; 
Mee, B., The men's health awareness campaign survey results (1996) Men's Health, JULY-AUGUST. , London: Rodale Press; 
Nemeroff, C.J., Stein, R.I., Diehl, N.S., Smilack, K.M., From the Cleavers to the Clintons: Role choices and body orientation as reflected in magazine article content (1994) Int. J. Eating Disord., 16, pp. 167-176; 
Poppitt, S.D., Swann, D., Black, A.E., Prentice, A.M., Is under-reporting of energy intake in obese women macronutrient specific? Covert measurements in a metabolic facility (1995) Int. J. Obes., 19 (2 SUPPL.), p. 021; 
Price, G.M., Paul, A.A., Cole, T.J., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Intervieweos with higher body mass index were less likely to return diet diaries in a longitudinal national survey (1996) Proc. Nutr. Soc., 55, pp. 218A; 
Pryer, J.A., Vrijheid, M., Nichols, R., Elliott, P., Who are the 'low energy reporters' in the Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults? (1994) Proc. Nutr. Soc., 53, pp. 235A; 
Schofield, W.N., Schofield, C., James, W.P.T., Basal metabolic rate (1985) Hum. Nutr.: Clin. Nutr., (1 SUPPL.), pp. 1-96; 
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Summerbell, C.D., Moody, R.C., Shanks, J., Stock, M.J., Geissler, C., Sources of energy from meals vs. snacks in 220 people in four age groups (1995) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 49, pp. 33-41; 
Summerbell, C.D., Moody, R.C., Shanks, J., Stock, M.J., Geissler, C., The relationship between feeding frequency and BMI in 220 free-living subjects in 4 age groups (1996) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 50, pp. 513-519; 
Wardle, J., Beales, S., Restraint, body image and food attitudes in children from 12 to 18 years (1986) Appetite, 7, pp. 209-217
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sibship size, birth order, and atopy in 11,371 Italian vouna men
T2  - American Journal of Rhinology
J2  - Am. J. Rhinol.
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
SP  - 305
EP  - 306
PY  - 1998
SN  - 10506586 (ISSN) 
AU  - Matricardi, P.M.
AU  - Franzinelli, F.
AU  - Franco, A.
AB  - Several theories have been proposed to explain why atopic diseases are increasing in prevalence in Western countries. This trend is most likely related to some unknown factor or factors related to the "Western lifestyle," which may include changes in nutritional habits, housing characteristics, sanitation practices, hygiene standards, or educational models. In an earlier British cohort study it was noted that the risk of allergy was inversely related to the overall number of siblings (sibship size effect); and even the position in the sibship might be relevant, since allergies were less common in the presence of older rather than younger siblings (birth order effect). In light of these findings, it is interesting to speculate whether common infections, when acquired very early in infancy because of unhygienic contacts with older siblings, could better protect from the development of atopy. As a corollary, the decline in cross-infections within young families caused by a decrease in family size and improvement in hygiene standards could be responsible for the increase in atopy in the Western world. Several additional studies have since confirmed the relationship between sibship size and atopy. On the other hand, the association between birth order and atopy has been confirmed in some studies, but not others. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of both sibship size and birth order with atopy in a large population of 11,371 Italian young men. These men were candidates for enrollment into the Italian Air Force, and demographic data such as date of birth, number of older and younger siblings, father's education, and place of residence were acquired by an assisted compilation of standard forms. Serum samples were also obtained for specific IgE testing using the Phadiatop-CAP assay (Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden), which was used as a marker of atopy. Subjects with no siblings displayed a peak among the higher concentrations of specific IgE that disappeared progressively with increasing number of siblings. The prevalence of highly positive subjects was inversely related to the number of siblings (25% in those with no siblings versus 9% in those with five or more siblings), with an average prevalence decrease of 3% for each added sibling. Both the number of older and younger siblings resulted in an inverse and significant association with atopy, but the association between atopy and the number of older siblings was significantly stronger. This study reaffirms the findings of earlier studies relating the number of siblings and the birth order with the development of atopy. As mentioned earlier, a good argument for the reason for this finding may relate to infections acquired early in life. The larger number of older siblings, the more likely it is for a child to be infected early in life. Such infection could influence the development of T cells toward the TH-1 type and away from the TH-2 "allergy" immune response. The association of lower prevalence of atopy with increasing numbers of younger siblings also suggests that infections in later childhood might also play a protective or "booster" role against atopy.
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJRHE
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33748091722&partnerID=40&md5=c36cd46742f41dc909b5d3f1b013a852
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Effects of mass screening for neuroblastoma on incidence, mortality, and survival rates in Osaka, Japan
T2  - Cancer Causes and Control
J2  - Cancer Causes Control
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
SP  - 631
EP  - 636
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1023/A:1008897123707
SN  - 09575243 (ISSN) 
AU  - Ajiki, W.
AU  - Tsukuma, H.
AU  - Oshima, A.
AU  - Kawa, K.
AD  - Osaka Cancer Registry, Department of Cancer Control, Osaka Med. Ctr. Cancer/C. D., Osaka, Japan
AD  - Osaka Med. Ctr. Matern./Childhood H., Osaka, Japan
AD  - Department of Cancer Control, Osaka Med. Ctr. Cancer/C. D., Nakamichi 1-3-3, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
AB  - Objectives: To evaluate the effects of mass screening for neuroblastoma, time trends of incidence, mortality, and survival of neuroblastoma in Osaka Prefecture were analyzed. Methods: Data for this analysis was obtained from the population-based Osaka Cancer Registry. Time trends of incidence and mortality rates were analyzed by calendar year and by birth cohort. Survival was compared between before and after the introduction of systematic screening. Results: From 1970-94, 457 cases of neuroblastoma and 182 deaths from neuroblastoma were observed in Osaka. The annual age-standardized incidence rate per million children increased from 7.5 in 1970-84 to 20.5 in 1985-94, while the mortality rates did not differ between these two periods. Analysis by birth cohort showed that the incidence rate at 0 year of age per 100,000 live births increased from 2.30 in 1970-79 (unscreened) to 19.80 in 1988-89 (screening by high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC). The incidence rate in children 1 and 2-4 years of age also increased according to the introduction of HPLC. The mortality rate in children 1-4 years of age per 100,000 live births slightly decreased from 3.87 in 1970-79 to 3.30 in 1988-89, which was presumed to be derived from the improvement in survival due to the progress in treatment. Conclusions: It is strongly suggested that mass screening for neuroblastoma causes harm because of overdiagnosis, and it has little effect on decreasing the incidence and the mortality of neuroblastoma at 1-4 years of age.
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Neuroblastoma
KW  - Screening
KW  - article
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cancer survival
KW  - diagnostic error
KW  - high performance liquid chromatography
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - infant
KW  - Japan
KW  - mass screening
KW  - neuroblastoma
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Japan
KW  - Male
KW  - Mass Screening
KW  - Neuroblastoma
KW  - Survival Analysis
KW  - Vanilmandelic Acid
N1  - Cited By :21
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CCCNE
C2  - 10189049
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Ajiki, W.; Department Cancer Control Statistics, Osaka Med Center Canc Cardiovasc Dis, Nakamichi 1-3-3, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Vanilmandelic Acid, 55-10-7
N1  - Funding details: 537-8511
N1  - Funding details: 8-2, MOHFW, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
N1  - Funding details: Kansai University
N1  - Funding details: 8-2, MOHFW, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
N1  - Funding details: College, Osaka Medical CollegeN1  - Funding text: Drs Ajiki, Tsukuma, and Oshima are with the Osaka Cancer Registry, the Department of Cancer Control and Statistics, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan. Dr Kawa is with the Osaka Medical Center for Maternal and Childhood Health, Osaka, Japan. Address correspondence to Dr Ajiki, Department of Cancer Control and Statistics, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Nakamichi 1-3-3, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan. This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Cancer Research from the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare (8-2).
N1  - References: (1997) Kokumin Eisei no Doko, , Tokyo (Japan): Health and Welfare Statistics Association. in Japanese; 
Woods, W.G., Tuchman, M., Robison, L., A population-based study of the usefulness of screening for neuroblastoma (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1682-1687; 
Law, C., Neuroblastoma screening test may do more harm than good (1997) J Natl Cancer Inst, 89, pp. 276-277; 
Bessho, F., Effects of mass screening on age-specific incidence of neuroblastoma (1996) Int J Cancer, 67, pp. 520-522; 
Yamamoto, K., Hayashi, Y., Hanada, R., Mass screening and age-specific incidence of neuroblastoma in Saitama Prefecture, Japan (1995) J Clin Oncol, 13, pp. 2033-2038; 
Nishi, M., Miyaka, H., Takeda, T., Hanai, J., Kikuchi, Y., Takasugi, N., Mass screening for neuroblastoma and mortality in birth cohorts (1997) Int J Cancer, 71, pp. 552-555; 
Parkin, D.M., Stiller, C.A., Draper, G.J., Bieber, C.A., Terracini, B., Young, J.L., (1988) International Incidence of Childhood Cancer, , Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 
Parkin, D.M., Whelan, S.L., Ferlay, J., Raymond, L., Young, J., (1997) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, Volume VII, 7. , Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 
(1990) International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, , Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization; 
Jensen, O.M., Parkin, D.M., Maclennan, R., Muir, C.S., Skeet, R.G., (1991) Cancer Registration, Principles and Methods, , Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 
(1993) SAS Technical Report J-117 SAS/STAT Software, The LIFETEST PHREG Procedure, , Tokyo (Japan): SAS Institute Japan, in Japanese; 
Stiller, C.A., Parkin, D.M., International variations in the incidence of neuroblastoma (1992) Int J Cancer, 52, pp. 538-543; 
Gurney, J.G., Davis, S., Severson, R.K., Fang, J.Y., Ross, J.A., Robison, L.L., Trends in cancer incidence among children in the U.S. (1996) Cancer, 78, pp. 532-541; 
Bernstein, M.L., Leclerc, J.M., Bunin, G., A population-based study of neuroblastoma incidence, survival, and mortality in North America (1992) J Clin Oncol, 10, pp. 323-329; 
Stiller, C.A., Population based survival rates for childhood cancer in Britain, 1980-91 (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 1612-1616
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Has age at onset of drug use changed over the past 25 years? Survival analysis of cross-sectional survey data 1980-1995 
ST  - Hat sich das alter des erstkonsums illegaler drogen verschoben? Survivalanalyse retrospektiver querschnittsdaten 1980-1995
T2  - Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie
J2  - Z. Klin. Psychol. Psychother.
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
SP  - 20
EP  - 29
PY  - 1998
SN  - 16163443 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kraus, L.
AU  - Bauernfeind, R.
AU  - Herbst, K.
AD  - Institut für Therapieforschung, München, Germany
AD  - IFT Inst. für Therapieforschung, Arbeitsgruppe Soziale Epidemiologie, Parzivalstr. 25, D-80804 München, Germany
AB  - This study examines the age of onset of illegal drug use. Data are taken from four general population surveys carried out between 1980 and 1995 in West Germany with a total of over 40 000 cases. Prevalence and incidence of the time-dependent event of first drug use are investigated using Survival Analysis. After a period of only slightly increasing prevalence between 1970 and 1990 lifetime experience of illegal drag use has risen sharply since 1990. The observed increase of prevalence in younger age groups can not be explained with an age-shift of onset of drug use. The risk functions of first drug experience show an almost proportional increase over time. Retrospective responses on age of first drug use prove to be highly consistent and do not seem to be systematically influenced by the age at time of survey. Data analyses of all four surveys according to single birth cohorts allow for a more precise examination of the historical process of prevalence and incidence.
KW  - Age of onset
KW  - Illicit drugs
KW  - Population survey
KW  - Survival analysis
KW  - amphetamine
KW  - cannabis
KW  - cocaine
KW  - codeine
KW  - diamorphine
KW  - illicit drug
KW  - lysergide
KW  - methadone
KW  - morphine
KW  - opiate
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - drug abuse
KW  - drug dependence
KW  - drug use
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - onset age
KW  - population research
KW  - prevalence
KW  - statistical model
KW  - survival rate
N1  - Cited By :9
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ZKPPA
LA  - German
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kraus, L.; IFT Inst. für Therapieforschung, Arbeitsgruppe Soziale Epidemiologie, Parzivalstr. 25, D-80804 München, Germany
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: amphetamine, 1200-47-1, 139-10-6, 156-34-3, 2706-50-5, 300-62-9, 51-62-7, 60-13-9, 60-15-1; cannabis, 8001-45-4, 8063-14-7; cocaine, 50-36-2, 53-21-4, 5937-29-1; codeine, 76-57-3; diamorphine, 1502-95-0, 561-27-3; lysergide, 50-37-3; methadone, 1095-90-5, 125-56-4, 23142-53-2, 297-88-1, 76-99-3; morphine, 52-26-6, 57-27-2; opiate, 53663-61-9, 8002-76-4, 8008-60-4
N1  - References: Blaze-Temple, D., Lo, S.K., Stages of drug use: A community survey of Perth teenagers (1992) British Journal of Addiction, 87, pp. 215-225; 
Blossfeld, H.-P., Hamerle, A., Mayer, K.U., (1986) Ereignis-analyse, , Frankfurt/Main: Campus; 
Breslow, N., A generalized Kruskal-Wallis test for comparing K samples subject to unequal patterns of censorship (1970) Biometrika, 57, pp. 579-594; 
Bühringer, G., Kraus, L., Herbst, K., Simon, R., Epidemiologic research on substance abuse in Germany and recent trends (1994) Epidemiologic Trends in Drug Abuse. Volume II: Proceedings, 2, pp. 328-341. , National Institute on Drug Abuse (Ed.), Rockville, Maryland: NIDA; 
Carpentier, Ch., Costes, J.-M., (1995) Drogues et Toxicomanies: Indicateurs et Tendances, , Paris: DGLDT; 
Chen, K., Kandel, D.B., The natural history of drug use from adolescence to the mid-thirties in a general population sample (1995) American Journal of Public Health, 85, pp. 41-47; 
Czekay, S., Kolip, P., Geschlechts- und schulspezifischer Alkoholkonsum 12- bis 16jähriger Jugendlicher: Prävalenz, Konsummuster und Einstiegsalter (1996) Sucht, 42, pp. 20-29; 
(1996) Annual Report on the State of the Drug Problem in the European Union, , Lisbon: European Communities; 
Fleming, R., Leventhal, H., Glynn, K., Ershler, J., The role of cigarettes in the initiation and progression of early substance use (1989) Addictive Behaviors, 14, pp. 261-272; 
Groves, R.-H., (1989) Survey Errors and Survey Costs, , New York: John Wiley & Sons; 
Herbst, K., Kraus, L., Die "Verschiebung" des Einstiegsalters bei Heroinkonsumenten: Eine Studie zur Epidemiologie des Drogenkonsums (1995) Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie, 24, pp. 90-97; 
Herbst, K., Kraus, L., Scherer, K., (1996) Repräsentativerhebung Zum Gebrauch Psychoaktiver Substanzen Bei Envachsenen in Deutschland. Schriftliche Erhebung 1995, , Bonn: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit; 
Herbst, K., Schumann, J., Wiblishauser, P.M., (1993) Repräsentativerhebung Zum Konsum und Mißbrauch Von Illegalen Drogen, Alkoholischen Getränken, Medikamenten und Tabakwaren: Untersuchung in Den Neuen Bundesländern 1992, , Bonn: Bundesministerium für Gesundheit; 
Hurrelmann, K., Alkohol: Risikoverhalten im Jugendalter (1994) Drogen-Report, 2, pp. 12-16; 
Expertise über Schätzverfahren zum Umfang der Drogenproblematik in Deutschland (1993) IFT-Berichte Bd. 71, 71. , München: Institut für Therapieforschung; 
(1987) Konsum und Mißbrauch Von Alkohol, Illegalen Drogen und Tabakwaren. Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Bericht: 83-4232, , München: Infratest; 
(1994) Drug Misuse in Britain 1994, , London: ISDD; 
Kalbfleisch, J.D., Prentice, R.L., (1980) The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data, , New York: John Wiley & Sons; 
Kandel, D.B., Logan, J.A., Patterns of drug use from adolescence to young adulthood: I. Periods of risk for initiation, continued use, and discontinuation (1984) American Journal of Public Health, 74, pp. 660-666; 
Kandel, D.B., Yamaguchi, K., Developmental patterns of the use of legal, illegal, and medically prescribed psychotropic drugs from adolescence to young adulthood (1985) Etiology of Drug Abuse: Implications for Prevention, pp. 193-235. , C. L. Jones. & R. J. Battejes (Eds.), NIDA Research Monograph No. 56, DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 85-1335, Washington: Government Printing Office; 
Kandel, D.B., Yamaguchi, K., Chen, K., Stages of progression in drug involvement from adolescence to adulthood: Further evidence for the Gateway Theory (1992) Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 53, pp. 447-457; 
Kokkevi, A., The 1993 general population survey in Greece: Gender differences in illicit drug use and their implications for planning ethnographic studies (1994) Epidemiologic Trends in Drug Abuse. Volume II: Proceedings, 2, pp. 329-334. , National Institute on Drug Abuse (Ed.), Rockville, Maryland: NIDA; 
Kraus, L., Schumann, J., Wiblishauser, P.M., Herbst, K., Die Entwicklung des Konsums von legalen und illegalen Drogen in den neuen Bundesländern (1994) Sucht, 40, pp. 107-120; 
Lachnit, G., Kampe, H., Konsumorientierung und Suchtgefährdung (1996) Sucht, 42, pp. 6-19; 
Lawless, J.F., (1982) Statistical Models and Methods for Life-time Data, , New York: John Wiley & Sons; 
Miller, R.G., (1981) Survival Analysis, , New York: John Wiley & Sons; 
Reuband, K.-H., Drug use and drug policy in Western Europe: Epidemiological findings in a comparative perspective (1995) European Addiction Research, 1, pp. 32-41; 
Robins, L.N., Przybeck, T.R., Age of onset of drug use as a factor in drug and other disorders (1985) Etiology of Drug Abuse: Implications for Prevention, pp. 178-192. , C. L. Jones & R. J. Battejes (Eds.), NIDA Research Monograph No. 56, DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 85-1335, Washington: Government Printing Office; 
Strecker, H., Ein Beitrag zu Fehlern in statistischen Erhebungen. der Netto- und Bruttofehler sowie Beispiele für besondere Fehlerursachen (1995) Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv, 79, pp. 402-424; 
Warner, L.A., Kessler, R.C., Hughes, M., Anthony, J.C., Nelson, C.B., Prevalence and correlates of drug use and dependence in the United States (1995) Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, pp. 219-229; 
Willett, J.B., Singer, J.D., Investigating onset, cessation, relapse, and recovery: Why you should, and how you can, use discrete-time survival analysis to examine event occurence (1993) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, pp. 952-965; 
Wittchen, H.-U., Lachner, G., Perkonigg, A., (1996) Vulnerabilitäts- und Protektionsfaktoren Bei Frühstadien Von Substanzmißbrauch und -Abhängigkeit. (Zwischenbericht), , München: Max-Planck-Institut für Psychiatrie (Klinisches Institut); 
Yu, J., Williford, W.R., The age of alcohol onset and alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use patterns: An analysis of drug use progression of young adults in New York State (1992) International Journal of Addictions, 27, pp. 1313-1323; 
Zwart, W.M., Mensink, C., Kuipers, S.B.M., (1994) Key Data, Smoking, Drinking, Drug Use and Gambling among Pupils Aged 10 Years and Older, , Utrecht: Netherlands Institute on Alcohol and Drugs (NIAD)
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Evaluation of five different incisions for correction of radial dysplasia
T2  - Journal of Hand Surgery: European Volume
J2  - J. Hand Surg. Eur. Vol.
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
SP  - 183
EP  - 185
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1016/S0266-7681(98)80171-X
SN  - 17531934 (ISSN) 
AU  - Pilz, S.M.
AU  - Muradin, M.S.M.
AU  - Van Der Meulen, J.J.N.M.
AU  - Hovius, S.E.R.
AD  - AZR Dijkzigt, Rotterdam, Netherlands
AB  - The complications of the five different incisions used for centralization from 1970 to 1996 were evaluated. In five cases access was by an S- shaped incision, in one with a transposition flap. Sixteen centralizations were done using a radial Z-plasty in combination with an ulnar excision and four by using two opposite Z-plasties, preserving wrist mobility as much as possible. In 1995 and 1996 a bilobed flap was used in seven cases. No complications occurred with the primary procedures prior to 1995. In all seven cases where the bilobed flap was used venous congestion was seen. In four out of these seven superficial necrosis of parts of the flaps occurred. In all cases though wound healing occurred spontaneously by delayed primary healing after the standard 8 weeks of cast immobilization. © 1998 The British Society for Surgery of the Hand.
KW  - article
KW  - bone dysplasia
KW  - centralization
KW  - excision
KW  - hand surgery
KW  - human
KW  - immobilization
KW  - incision
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - plaster cast
KW  - radius
KW  - skin transposition flap
KW  - surgical technique
KW  - wound healing
KW  - z plasty
KW  - Abnormalities, Multiple
KW  - Bone Diseases, Developmental
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Hand Deformities, Congenital
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Male
KW  - Radius
KW  - Surgical Flaps
KW  - Suture Techniques
KW  - Syndrome
KW  - Treatment Outcome
KW  - Wrist Joint
N1  - Cited By :7
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 9607656
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Pilz, S. M.Lindengasse 41, Vienna, Austria
N1  - References: Bayne, L.G., Klug, M.S., Long-term review of the surgical treatment of radial deficiencies (1987) Journal of Hand Surgery, 12 A, pp. 169-179; 
Blauth, W., Zur Morphologie und Therapie der radialen Klumphand (1969) Archiv Der Orthopädie Und Unfall-Chirurgie, 65, pp. 97-123; 
Buck-Gramcko, D., Radialization as a new treatment for radial club hand (1985) Journal of Hand Surgery, 10 A, pp. 964-968; 
Evans, D.M., Gateley, D.R., Lewis, J.S., The use of a bilobed flap in the correction of radial club hand (1995) Journal of Hand Surgery, 20 B, pp. 333-337; 
Flatt, A.E., Radial club hand (1994) The Care of Congenital Hand Anomalies, pp. 366-411. , In, 2nd edn, St Louis: Quality Medical Publishing; 
Lamb, D.W., The treatment of radial club hand. Absent radius, aplasia of the radius, hypoplasia of the radius, radial paraxial hemimelia (1972) The Hand, 4, pp. 22-30; 
Lamb, D.W., Radial club hand. A continuing study of 68 patients with 117 club hands (1977) Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 59 A, pp. 1-13; 
Manske, P.R., McCarroll, H.R., Sanson, K., Centralization of the radial clubhand: An ulnar surgical approach (1981) Journal of Hand Surgery, 6, pp. 423-433; 
Sayre, R.H., A contribution to the study of club-hand (1894) Transactions of the American Orthopaedic Association, 6, pp. 208-216; 
Watson, H.K., Beebe, R.D., Cruz, N.I., A centralization procedure for radial club hand (1984) Journal of Hand Surgery, 9 A, pp. 541-547
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mortality and hospitalizations of 24-year-old members of the low- birthweight cohort in Northern Finland
T2  - Epidemiology
J2  - Epidemiology
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
SP  - 662
EP  - 665
PY  - 1998
SN  - 10443983 (ISSN) 
AU  - Xu, B.
AU  - Rantakallio, P.
AU  - Järvelin, M.-R.
AD  - Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, National Public Health Institute, Kuopio, Finland
AD  - Dept. of Pub. Hlth. and Gen. Pract., University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
AD  - Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, National Public Health Institute, PL 95, 70701 Kuopio, Finland
AB  - We followed 11,355 children born in 1966 up to the age of 24 years to investigate the impact of birthweight on long-term outcomes of death and development. As expected, low-birthweight (LBW, 1500-2,499 gm) children showed a higher risk of death than normal-birthweight (NBW, ≥ 2,500 gm) children before the age of 15 years. Rate ratios for LBW children ranged from 25 for the first week of life to 2.5 for ages 5-14 years. Rate ratios of very-low-birthweight (VLBW, <1,500 gm) children for the first year of life were 10 times higher than those of LBW children. Similarly, for the first 14 years of life, surviving LBW children experienced a higher risk of being hospitalized as well as staying in hospitals for over 2 weeks if they were hospitalized. The LBW children still had a higher risk of receiving sick pensions at the age of 24 years.
KW  - Birth cohort
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Long-term follow-up
KW  - Low birthweight
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Very low birthweight
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - employment
KW  - female
KW  - finland
KW  - follow up
KW  - hospitalization
KW  - human
KW  - low birth weight
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - statistical model
KW  - very low birth weight
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Low Birth Weight
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Male
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Risk Factors
N1  - Cited By :9
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EPIDE
C2  - 9799178
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Xu, B.; Unit of Environmental Epidemiology, National Public Health Institute, 70701 Kuopio, Finland
N1  - References: McCormick, M.C., The contribution of low birth weight to infant mortality and childhood morbidity (1985) N Engl J Med, 312, pp. 82-90; 
Victora, C.G., Barros, F.C., Huttly, S.R.A., Teixeira, A.M.B., Vaughan, J.P., Early childhood mortality in a Brazilian cohort: The role of birthweight and socioeconomic status (1992) Int J Epidemiol, 21, pp. 911-915; 
Rantakallio, P., Von Wendt, L., Prognosis for low-birthweight children up to the age of 14: A population study (1985) Dev Med Child Neurol, 27, pp. 655-663; 
Rantakallio, P., Von Wendt, L., A prospective comparative study of the etiology of cerebral palsy and epilepsy in a one-year birth cohort from Northern Finland (1986) Acta Paediatr Scand, 75, pp. 586-592; 
The Scottish low birthweight study. I. Survival, growth, neuromotor and sensory impairment (1992) Arch Dis Child, 67, pp. 675-681; 
Carran, D.T., Scott, K.G., Shaw, K., Beydoun, S., The relative risk of educational handicaps in two birth cohorts of normal and low birthweight disadvantaged chidden (1989) Top Early Child Spec Educ, 9, pp. 14-31; 
Ross, G., Lipper, E.G., Auld, P.A.M., Educational status and school-related abilities of very low birth weight premature children (1991) Pediatrics, 88, pp. 1124-1134; 
Olsen, P., Myhrman, A., Rantakallio, P., Educational capacity of low birth weight children up to the age of 24 (1994) Early Hum Dev, 36, pp. 191-203; 
McCormick, M.C., Shapiro, S., Starfield, B.H., Rehospitalization in the first year of life for high-risk survivors (1980) Pediatrics, 66, pp. 991-999; 
Furman, L., Baley, J., Borawski-Clark, E., Aucott, S., Hack, M., Hospitalization as a measure of morbidity among very low birth weight infants with chronic disease (1996) J Pediatr, 128, pp. 447-452; 
Overpeck, M.D., Moss, A.J., Hoffman, H.J., Hendershot, G.E., A comparison of the childhood health status of normal birth weight and low birth weight children (1989) Public Health Rep, 104, pp. 58-70; 
McCormick, M.C., Workman-Daniels, K., Brooks-Gunn, J., Peckham, G.J., Hospitalization of very low birth weight children at school age (1993) J Pediatr, 122, pp. 360-365; 
Barker, D.J., Osmond, C., Golding, J., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E., Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease (1989) BMJ, 298, pp. 564-567; 
Bartley, M., Power, C., Blane, D., Smith, G.D., Shipley, M., Birth weight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: Evidence from the 1958 British cohort study (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 1475-1478; 
Rantakallio, P., Groups at risk in low birth weight children and perinatal mortality (1969) Acta Pediatr Scand, 193 (SUPPL.), pp. 1-71; 
Rantakallio, P., A follow-up study up to the age of 14 of children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy (1983) Acta Pediatr Scand, 72, pp. 747-753; 
Lindeman, S.M., Hirvonen, J.I., Hakko, H.H., Lonnqvist, J.K., Use of the National Register of medico-legal autopsies in epidemiological suicide research (1995) Int J Legal Med, 107, pp. 306-309; 
Hack, M., Klein, N., Taylor, H.G., Long-term developmental outcomes of low birthweight children (1995) Future Child, 5, pp. 176-193; 
McLeod, A., Ross, P., Mitchell, S., Tay, D., Hunter, L., Hall, A., Paton, J., Mutch, L., Respiratory health in a total very low birthweight cohort and their classroom controls (1996) Arch Dis Child, 74, pp. 188-194; 
Leeson, C.P., Whincup, P.H., Cook, D.G., Donald, A.E., Papacosta, O., Lucas, A., Deanfield, J.E., Flow-mediated dilation in 9- to 11-year-old children: The influence of intrauterine and childhood factors (1997) Circulation, 96, pp. 2233-2238; 
Martyn, C.N., Barker, D.J., Osmond, C., Mothers' pelvic size, fetal growth, and death from stroke and coronary heart disease in men in the UK (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1264-1268; 
Saigal, S., Feeny, D., Rosenbaum, P., Furlong, W., Burrows, E., Stoskopf, B., Self-perceived health status and health-related quality of life of extremely low-birth-weight infants at adolescence (1996) JAMA, 276, pp. 453-459
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Year of birth and sperm count in 10 Danish occupational studies
T2  - Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health
J2  - Scand. J. Work Environ. Health
VL  - 24
IS  - 5
SP  - 407
EP  - 413
PY  - 1998
SN  - 03553140 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bonde, J.P.E.
AU  - Jensen, T.K.
AU  - Larsen, S.B.
AU  - Abell, A.
AU  - Scheike, T.
AU  - Hjollund, N.H.I.
AU  - Kolstad, H.A.
AU  - Ernst, E.
AU  - Giwercman, A.
AU  - Skakkebæk, N.E.
AU  - Keiding, N.
AU  - Olsen, J.
AD  - Department of Occupational Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Århus, Denmark
AD  - Dept. of Growth and Reproduction, National Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
AD  - Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
AD  - Reproductive Toxicology Unit, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, Århus, Denmark
AD  - Danish Epidemiology Science Center, University of Aarhus, Århus, Denmark
AD  - Department of Occupational Medicine, Steno Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, DK - 8000 Århus C, Denmark
AB  - Objectives. Several reports indicate a secular decline of human sperm counts. It is still not known if these findings are artifacts related to shortcomings in the data and applied methodologies. Even less is known about possible mechanisms, but it has been proposed that potential changes may be related to disruption of the hormonal regulation of testicular development in prenatal life. The objective of this study was to examine whether sperm count was related to year of birth. Methods. An analysis was made of the sperm count of 1196 men participating in 10 cross-sectional occupational sperm studies in 3 regions of Denmark from 1986 through 1995. Results. The median sperm concentration was 63 million per milliliter for men born in 1937-1949 and 52 million per milliliter for men born in 1970 or later, and the median total sperm was 206 million and 117 million, respectively. The inverse relationship between sperm concentration and year of birth was statistically significant even after adjustment for duration of sexual abstinence, season of the year, and study population. However, bias because of differential participation related to age and fertility or lack of comparability across the populations cannot be ruled out. Conclusions. The apparent decline of sperm count with increasing year of birth is compatible with the hypothesis of a common risk factor for male reproductive health operating in prenatal life or early childhood, but the evidence is circumstantial. Age-related selection bias is an alternative and perhaps not a less likely explanation.
KW  - Birth cohort
KW  - Environment
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Male reproduction
KW  - Secular trend
KW  - Semen
KW  - Sperm concentration
KW  - Sperm density
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - birth
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - denmark
KW  - hormonal regulation
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - male
KW  - normal human
KW  - occupational health service
KW  - priority journal
KW  - season
KW  - sexual behavior
KW  - spermatozoon count
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - testis development
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aging
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Denmark
KW  - Humans
KW  - Linear Models
KW  - Male
KW  - Occupations
KW  - Semen
KW  - Sperm Count
N1  - Cited By :45
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SWEHD
C2  - 9869313
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Bonde, J.P.E.; Department of Occupational Medicine, The Steno Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Norrebrogade 44, DK - 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; email: J.P.Bonde@usa.net
N1  - Tradenames: Burger-Turk chamber; Makler chamber; Neubauer chamber
N1  - References: Leto, S., Frensilli, F.J., Changing parameters of donor semen (1981) Fertil Steril, 36, pp. 766-770; 
Auger, J., Kunstman, J.M., Czyglik, F., Jouannet, P., Significant decrease of semen characteristics of fertile men from Paris area during the last 20 years (1995) N Engl J Med, 332, pp. 281-285; 
Irvine, S., Cawood, E., Richardson, D., MacDonald, E., Aitken, J., Evidence of deteriorating semen quality in the United Kingdom: Birth cohort study in 577 men in Scotland over 11 years (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 467-471; 
Van Waeleghem, K., De Clercq, N., Vermeulen, L., Schoonjans, F., Comhaire, F., Deterioration of sperm quality in young healthy Belgian men (1996) Hum Reprod, 11, pp. 325-329; 
Macleod, J., Wang, Y., Male fertility potential in terms of semen quality: A review of the past, a study of the present (1979) Fertil Steril, 31, pp. 103-116; 
Bendvold, E., Semen quality in Norwegian men over a 20-year period (1989) Int J Fertil, 34, pp. 401-404; 
Bostofte, E., Serup, J., Rebbe, H., Has the fertility of Danish men declined through the years in terms of semen quality? A comparison of semen qualities between 1952 and 1972 (1983) Int J Fertil, 28, pp. 91-95; 
Osser, S., Liedholm, P., Ranstam, J., Depressed semen quality: A study over two decades (1984) Arch Androl, 12, pp. 113-116; 
Vierula, M., Niemi, M., Keiski, A., Saaranen, M., Saarikoski, S., Suominen, J., High and unchanged sperm counts of Finnish men (1996) Int J Androl, 19, pp. 11-17; 
Adamopoulos, D.A., Pappa, A., Nicopoulou, S., Andreou, E., Karamertzamis, M., Michopoulos, J., Seminal volume and total sperm number trends in men attending subfertility clinics in the greater Athens area during the period 1977-1993 (1996) Hum Reprod, 11, pp. 1936-1941; 
Zheng, Y., Bonde, J.P., Ernst, E., Mortensen, J.T., Egense, J., Is semen quality related to the year of birth among Danish infertility clients? (1997) Int J Epidemiol, 26, pp. 1289-1297; 
James, W.H., Secular trend in reported sperm counts (1980) Andrologia, 12, pp. 381-388; 
Carlsen, E., Giwercmann, A., Keiding, N., Skakkebæk, N.E., Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years (1992) BMJ, 305, pp. 609-613; 
Bujan, L., Mansat, A., Pontonnier, F., Mieusset, R., Time series analysis of sperm concentration in fertile men in Toulouse, France between 1977 and 1992 (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 471-472; 
Fisch, H., Feldshuh, J., Goluboff, E.T., Broder, S.J., Barad, D.H., Semen analyses in 1,283 men from the United States over a 25-year period: No decline in quality (1996) Fertil Steril, 65, pp. 1009-1014; 
Paulsen, C.A., Berman, N.G., Wang, C., Data from men in greater Seattle area reveals no downward trend in semen quality: Further evidence that deterioration of semen quality is not geographically uniform (1996) Fertil Steril, 65, pp. 1015-1020; 
Sharpe, R.M., Skakkebæk, N.E., Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract? (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 1392-1395; 
Bonde, J.P.E., Hjollund, N.H.I., Jensen, T.K., Ernst, E., Kolstad, H., Henriksen, T.B., A follow-up study of environmental and biological determinants of fertility among 430 Danish first pregnancy planners: Design and methods (1998) Reprod Toxicol, 12, pp. 19-27; 
Larsen, S.B., Giwercman, A., Spano, M., Bonde, J., Asclepios. A longitudinal study of semen quality in pesticide spraying Danish farmers Reprod Toxicol., , In press; 
Jensen, T.K., Giwercman, A., Carlsen, E., Scheike, T., Skakkebæk, N.E., Semen quality among members of organic food associations in Zealand, Denmark (1996) Lancet, 347, p. 1844; 
Bonde, J., Semen quality and sex hormones among mild steel and stainless steel welders: A cross sectional study (1990) Br J Lnd Med, 47, pp. 508-514; 
Abel, A., Ernst, E., Bonde, J., Semen quality and sex hormones among green house workers (1997) International Symposium on Environment, Lifestyle and Fertility, , Aarhus University Hospital. Aarhus Dec 7-10 1997. Aarhus (Denmark): Aarhus University Hospital; 
Spano, M., Kolstad, H., Larsen, S., Cordelli, E., Letter, G., Giwercman, A., The applicability of the flow cytometric sperm chromatin structure assay in epidemiological studies Hum Reprod., , In press; 
Abell, A., Ernst, E., Bonde, J., High sperm density among members of organic farmers' association (1994) Lancet, 343, p. 149; 
Bonde, J., Mortensen, J.T., Johansen, J.P., Organic brain damage and semen quality in flexo printers (1987) Ugeskr Læg, 149, pp. 469-471. , English summary; 
Bonde, J., Semen quality in welders exposed to radiant heat (1992) Br J Ind Med, 49, pp. 5-10; 
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Vine, M.F., Margolin, B.H., Morrison, H.I., Hulka, B.S., Cigarette smoking and sperm density: A meta-analysis (1994) Fertil Steril, 61, pp. 35-43; 
Bonde, J., Giwercman, A., Occupational hazards to male fecundity (1995) Reprod Med Rev, 4, pp. 59-73; 
Schwartz, D., Mayaux, M.J., Spira, A., Moscato, M.L., Jouannet, P., Czyglik, F., Semen characteristics as a function of age in 833 fertile men (1983) Fertil Steril, 39 (4), pp. 530-535; 
Nieschlag, E., Lammers, U., Freischem, C.W., Langer, K., Wickings, E.J., Reproductive functions in young fathers and grandfathers (1982) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 55, pp. 676-681; 
Johnson, L., Petty, C.S., Neaves, W.B., Influence of age on sperm production and testicular weights in men (1984) J Reprod Fert, 70, pp. 211-218; 
Larsen, S.B., Abell, A., Bonde, J.P.E., Selection bias in occupational sperm studies (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 147, pp. 681-685; 
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Levine, R.J., Bordson, B.L., Mathew, R.M., Brown, M.H., Stanley, J.M., Starr, T.B., Deterioration of semen quality during summer in New Orleans (1988) Fertil Steril, 49, pp. 900-907; 
Olsen, J., Kuppers-Chinnow, M., Spinelli, A., Seeking medical help for subfecundity: A study based upon surveys in five European Countries (1996) Fertil Steril, 66, pp. 95-100
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Leukaemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma in seamen on tankers
T2  - Occupational and Environmental Medicine
J2  - Occup. Environ. Med.
VL  - 55
IS  - 8
SP  - 517
EP  - 521
PY  - 1998
SN  - 13510711 (ISSN) 
AU  - Nilsson, R.I.
AU  - Nordlinder, R.
AU  - Hörte, L.-G.
AU  - Järvholm, B.
AD  - Department of Occupational Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S:t Sigfridsgatan 85, HSE-412 66 Göteborg, Sweden
AD  - Department of International Health, Social Med. Safety Promotion Unit, Sturegatan 2, HSE-172 83 Sundbyberg, Sweden
AD  - Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
AD  - Dept. of Occup. and Environ. Med., Umeå University, HSE-901 85 Umeå, Sweden
AB  - Objectives - To investigate the risk of lymphatic and haematopoietic malignancies in deck crew on tankers exposed to cargo vapours. Methods - The study design was as a nested case-referent study in two cohorts of male Swedish seamen 20-64 years of age at the national census 1960 (n 13,449) and 1970 (n 11,290), respectively. Cases were detected by record linkage with the Swedish Cancer Register 1961-79 and 1971-87, respectively. For each case, three to five age matched referents from the population were selected. Exposure was assessed from data in the Swedish Registry of Seamen and from a register of Swedish ships. Results - Seamen in the 1970 cohort, who had been exposed to cargo vapours for at least one month on chemical or product tankers, had an increased risk of lymphatic and haematopoietic malignancies (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio (OR) 2.6, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.1 to 5.9)) with a significant exposure-response relation (conditional logistic regression analysis, p = 0.03). The ORs were increased for both lymphoma (3.2), multiple myeloma (4.0), and leukaemia (1.6), but the increase was only significant for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 10.6). There were no significantly increased risks for the 1960 cohort or for seamen exposed only on crude oil tankers, but these groups had few exposed cases and low cumulative exposure to benzene and other light petroleum products. Conclusions - Seamen exposed to cargo vapours from gasoline and other light petroleum products on chemical or product tankers had an increased incidence of lymphatic and haematopoietic malignancies. One possible cause is exposure to benzene during loading, unloading, and tank cleaning operations.
KW  - Benzene
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Occupation
KW  - benzene
KW  - diesel fuel
KW  - fuel oil
KW  - gasoline
KW  - petroleum
KW  - petroleum derivative
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cancer registry
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - clinical trial
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - human
KW  - leukemia
KW  - lymphoma
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - multiple myeloma
KW  - nonhodgkin lymphoma
KW  - priority journal
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - ship
KW  - tank
KW  - vapor
KW  - work environment
KW  - Adult
KW  - Benzene
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Leukemia
KW  - Lymphoma
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Record Linkage
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Multiple Myeloma
KW  - Naval Medicine
KW  - Occupational Diseases
KW  - Occupational Exposure
KW  - Petroleum
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :33
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: OEMEE
C2  - 9849537
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Nilsson, R.I.; Department Occupational Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sigfridsgatan 85, HSE-412 06 Goteborg, Sweden
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Benzene, 71-43-2; Petroleum
N1  - References: Nilsson, R.I., Carneskog, I., Järvholm, B.G., Acute non-lymphatic leukemia among deck officers on coastal tankers: A report of two cases (1988) Am J Ind Med, 14, pp. 657-659; 
Moen, B.E., Riise, T., Helseth, A., Cancer among captains and mates on Norwegian tankers (1990) APMIS, 98, pp. 185-190; 
Moen, B.E., Riise, T., Helseth, A., Mortality among seamen with special reference to work on tankers (1994) Int J Epidemiol, 23, pp. 737-741; 
Moen, B.E., Work with chemicals on the deck of Norwegian chemical tankers (1991) Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 62, pp. 543-547; 
Nilsson, R., Nordlinder, R., Högstedt, B., Symptoms, lung and liver function, blood counts, and genotoxic effects in coastal tanker crews (1997) Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 69, pp. 392-398; 
Astleford, W.J., Bass, R.L., Buckingham, J.C., (1982) A Crew Exposure Study - Phase I, Volume II - At Sea, , St Antonio, Texas: Southwest Research Institute; Report No CG-D-22-82; 
Nordlinder, R., Ramnäs, O., Exposure to benzene at different work places in Sweden (1987) Ann Occup Hyg, 31, pp. 345-355; 
Moen, B.E., Hollund, B.E., Berntsen, M., Exposure of the deck crew to carcinogenic agents on oil product tankers (1995) Ann Occup Hyg, 39, pp. 347-361; 
Benzene. Some industrial chemicals and dyestuffs (1982) IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum, 29, pp. 93-148. , 1982 Lyon; 
Aksoy, M., Malignancies due to occupational exposure to benzene (1985) Am J Ind Med, 7, pp. 395-402; 
La Vecchia, C., Negri, E., D'Avanzo, B., Occupation and lymphoid neoplasms (1989) Br J Cancer, 60, pp. 385-388; 
Rinsky, R.A., Smith, A.B., Hornung, R., Benzene and leukemia. An epidemiologic risk assessment (1987) N Engl J Med, 316, pp. 1044-1050; 
Infante, P.F., Benzene and leukemia: Cell types, latency and amount of exposure associated with leukemia (1995) Update on Benzene. Advances in Occupational Medicine and Rehabilitation, pp. 107-120. , Imbriani M, Ghittori S, Pezzagno G, et al, eds. Pavia, Italy: Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri Edizroni; 
Hayes, R.B., Yin, S.-N., Dosemeci, M., Benzene and the dose-related incidence of hematologic neoplasms in China (1997) J Natl Cancer Inst, 89, pp. 1065-1071; 
National board of health and welfare (1983) The Cancer Registry. Cancer Incidence in Sweden 1980, , Solna: Socialstyrelsen; 
Mattson, B., (1977) Bortfallet vid Registrering i Svenska Cancerregistret, p. 15. , Stockholm: Statistiska Centralbyrån, 1977. Statistiska meddelanden HS; 
Brivkalne, M., (1964) Kontrollundersökning i Samband Med 1960 Års Folkräkning, p. 16. , Stockholm: National Central Bureau of Statistics; 1964. Statistiska meddelanden B; 
Wong, O., Risk of acute myeloid leukaemia and multiple myeloma in workers exposed to benzene (1995) Occup Environ Med, 52, pp. 380-384; 
Savitz, D.A., Andrews, K.W., Risk of myelogenous leukaemia and multiple myeloma in workers exposed to benzene (1996) Occup Environ Med, 53, p. 357; 
Savitz, D., Andrews, K.W., Review of epidemiologic evidence on benzene and lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers (1997) Am J Ind Med, 31, pp. 287-295; 
Wong, O., Risk of myelogenous leukaemia and multiple myeloma in workers exposed to benzene (1996) Occup Environ Med, 53, pp. 357-358; 
Wong, O., An industry wide mortality study of chemical workers occupationally exposed to benzene. II: Dose response analyses (1987) Br J Ind Med, 44, pp. 382-395; 
Aksoy, M., Hematotoxicity and carcinogenicity of benzene (1989) Environ Health Perspect, 82, pp. 193-197; 
McMichael, A.J., Spirtas, R., Kupper, L.L., Solvent exposure and leukemia among rubber workers: An epidemiologic study (1975) J Occup Med, 17, pp. 234-239; 
Wong, O., Harris, F., Smith, T.J., Health effects of gasoline exposure. II. Mortality patterns of distribution workers in the United States (1993) Environ Health Perspect Suppl, 101 (6 SUPPL.), pp. 63-76; 
Schwartz, E., Proportionate mortality ratio analysis of automobile mechanics and gasoline service station workers in New Hampshire (1987) Am J Med, 12, pp. 91-99; 
Infante, P.F., Benzene in petrol: A continuing hazard (1990) Lancet, 336, pp. 814-815; 
Schnatter, R., Katz, A.M., Nicolich, M.J., A retrospective mortality study among Canadian petroleum marketing and distribution workers (1993) Environ Health Perspect Suppl, 101 (6 SUPPL.), pp. 85-99; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Acute symptomatic seizure disorders in young children - A population study in southern Taiwan
T2  - Epilepsia
J2  - Epilepsia
VL  - 39
IS  - 9
SP  - 960
EP  - 964
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01445.x
SN  - 00139580 (ISSN) 
AU  - Huang, C.-C.
AU  - Chang, Y.-C.
AU  - Wang, S.-T.
AD  - Depts. of Pediat. and Public Health, National Cheng Kung University, Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University, Medical Center, 138 Sheng-Li Rd., Tainan 704, Taiwan
AB  - Purpose: To determine the incidence, etiology, and prognosis of acute symptomatic seizures in children by age 3 years. Methods: In a population- based birth cohort study of all 15,209 neonatal survivors born in Tainan City between October 1989 and December 1991, parents or caretakers of 13,493 children aged 3 years were surveyed by telephone regarding any provoked convulsive disorder, particularly acute symptomatic seizure, in the children; medical records were reviewed. Results: Sixty-three children (39 boys, 24 girls) had acute symptomatic seizures (incidence 0.46 in 100). The leading causes of acute symptomatic seizures were acute gastroenteritis, encephalitis/encephalopathy, and bacterial meningitis. Age-specific incidence was highest in the group aged 1-12 months. Intracranial hemorrhage, bacterial meningitis, and metabolic disturbance were the major causes of acute symptomatic seizures in children aged 1-12 months. Acute gastroenteritis, encephalitis/encephalopathy, and bacterial meningitis accounted for 85% of the causes in children aged 13-24 months, and gastroenteritis and encephalitis/encephalopathy were the predominant causes in those aged 25-36 months. By age 5 years, subsequent unprovoked seizures developed in 14% of the survivors of acute symptomatic seizures. Conclusions: Many acute symptomatic seizures are preventable. The risk of subsequent unprovoked seizures is determined by underlying precipitating factors. Public education regarding the danger of shaken-baby syndrome and excessive water supplement, as well as and nationwide vaccination against bacterial meningitis in young children, is necessary.
KW  - Acute symptomatic seizure
KW  - Children
KW  - article
KW  - bacterial meningitis
KW  - battered child syndrome
KW  - brain hemorrhage
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - convulsion
KW  - encephalitis
KW  - female
KW  - gastroenteritis
KW  - health education
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - preschool child
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prognosis
KW  - seizure
KW  - taiwan
KW  - telephone
KW  - Acute Disease
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Brain Diseases
KW  - Cerebral Hemorrhage
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Encephalitis
KW  - Female
KW  - Gastroenteritis
KW  - Health Surveys
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Meningitis, Bacterial
KW  - Metabolic Diseases
KW  - Seizures
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Taiwan
N1  - Cited By :29
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EPILA
C2  - 9738675
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Huang, C.-C.; Department of Pediatrics, Natl. Cheng Kung Univ. Med. Center, 138 Sheng-Li Rd., Tainan 704, Taiwan
N1  - References: Aicardi, J., (1994) Epilepsy in Children, , New York: Raven Press, International Review of Child Neurology Series; 
Hauser, W.A., The prevalence and incidence of convulsive disorders in children (1994) Epilepsia, 35 (2 SUPPL.), pp. S1-6; 
Verity, C.M., Ross, E.M., Golding, J., Epilepsy in the first 10 years of life: Findings of the child health and education study (1992) Br Med J, 305, pp. 857-861; 
Tsuboi, T., Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in Tokyo (1988) Epilepsia, 29, pp. 103-110; 
Tsuboi, T., Epidemiology of febrile and afebrile convulsions in children in Japan (1984) Neurology, 34, pp. 175-181; 
Jallon, P., Goumaz, M., Haenggeli, C., Morabia, A., Incidence of first epileptic seizures in the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland (1997) Epilepsia, 38, pp. 547-552; 
Annegers, J.F., Hauser, W.A., Lee, R.J., Rocca, W.A., Incidence of acute symptomatic seizures in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935-1984 (1995) Epilepsia, 36, pp. 327-333; 
Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 389-399; 
Huang, C.C., Chang, Y.C., Chow, N.H., Wang, S.T., Level of transforming growth factor beta 1 is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid of children with acute bacterial meningitis (1997) J Neurol, 244, pp. 634-638; 
Shaken baby syndrome: Inflicted cerebral trauma (1993) Pediatrics, 92, pp. 872-875; 
Keating, J.P., Schears, G.J., Dodge, P.R., Oral water intoxication in infants: An American epidemic (1991) Am J Dis Child, 145, pp. 985-990; 
Komori, H., Wada, M., Eto, M., Oki, H., Aida, K., Fujimoto, T., Benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis: A report of 10 recent cases detailing clinical varieties (1995) Brain Dev, 17, pp. 334-337; 
Lin, S.H., Hsu, H.Y., Wang, P.J., Rotavirus gastroenteritis associated with afebrile seizures in childhood (1996) Acta Paediatr Sin, 37, pp. 204-207; 
Bass, D.M., Rotavirus and other agents of viral gastroenteritis (1996) Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 15th Ed., pp. 914-916. , Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Arvin AM, eds. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders; 
Chen, H.J., Chen, B.S., Wang, S.F., Lai, M.H., Rotavirus gastroenteritis in children: A clinical study of 125 patients in Hsin-Tien area (1991) Acta Paediatr Sin, 32, pp. 73-78; 
Contino, M.F., Lebby, T., Arcinue, E.L., Rotaviral gastroenteritis infection causing afebrile seizures in infancy and childhood (1994) Am J Emerg Med, 12, pp. 94-95; 
Nishimura, S., Ushijima, H., Nishimura, S., Detection of rotavirus in cerebrospinal fluid and blood of patients with convulsions and gastroenteritis by means of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (1993) Brain Dev, 15, pp. 457-459; 
Duhaime, A.C., Gennarelli, T.A., Thibault, L.E., Bruce, D.A., Margulies, S.S., Wiser, R., The shaken baby syndrome: A clinical, pathological, and biochemical study (1987) J Neurosurg, 66, pp. 409-415; 
Vanapruks, V., Prapaitrakul, K., Water intoxication and hyponatremic convulsions in neonates (1989) Arch Dis Child, 64, pp. 734-735; 
Arieff, A.I., Ayus, J.C., Fraser, C.L., Hyponatremia and death or permanent brain damage in healthy children (1992) Br Med J, 304, pp. 1218-1222; 
Wright, P.F., Approaches to prevent acute bacterial meningitis in developing countries (1989) Bull WHO, 67, pp. 479-486; 
Wilfert, C.M., Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b infections (1990) Pediatrics, 85, pp. 631-635; 
Schuchat, A., Robinson, K., Wenger, J.D., Bacterial meningitis in the United States in 1995 - Active surveillance team (1997) N Engl J Med, 337, pp. 970-976; 
Annegers, J.F., Hauser, W.A., Beghi, E., Nicolosi, A., Kurland, L.T., The risk of unprovoked seizures after encephalitis and meningitis (1988) Neurology, 38, pp. 1407-1410
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031687332&doi=10.1111%2fj.1528-1157.1998.tb01445.x&partnerID=40&md5=2ac740a7b30a68b33ecd4eac20f65985
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Trends in opiate overdose deaths in Australia 1979-1995
T2  - Drug and Alcohol Dependence
J2  - Drug Alcohol Depend.
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
SP  - 71
EP  - 77
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1016/S0376-8716(98)00044-1
SN  - 03768716 (ISSN) 
AU  - Hall, W.
AU  - Darke, S.
AD  - Natl. Drug and Alcohol Res. Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
AB  - Aims: to determine if there had been an increase in the rate of opioid overdose deaths between 1979 and 1995, and to describe the characteristics of persons who died of an opioid overdose. Method: opioid overdose deaths were defined according to ICD-9 as deaths due to drug dependence (codes 304.0 and 304.7) and accidental opiate poisoning (code E850.0). Data were obtained from a national register of deaths compiled by the Australian Bureau of Statistics on: age at death, sex and jurisdiction of all such deaths between 1979 and 1995 inclusive. Mortality rates were calculated for each sex for the 15-24, 25-34 and 35-44 age groups. Results: the number of opioid overdose deaths rose from 70 in 1979 to 550 in 1995. The rate (per million of the population aged 15-44) increased from 10.7 to 67.0. The increase was more marked among males than females, increasing 6.8 times among males (from 15.3 in 1979 to 104.6 in 1995) and 4.7 times among females (from 5.9 in 1979 to 27.9 in 1995). New South Wales consistently accounted for around a half of all male overdose fatalities and its overdose mortality rate was almost twice that in Victoria, and three times that in the remaining states. The average age at death for males increased from 24.5 years in 1979 to 30.6 years in 1995. The increase in overdose mortality was greatest among men and women aged 35 to 44 years, and 25 and 34 years. An analysis by birth cohort showed that 46% of male overdose deaths and 50% of female overdose deaths in the period occurred among those born between 1960 and 1969. Deaths among persons born between 1950 and 1959 accounted for 38% of male and 33% of female deaths. Conclusions: there has been a statistically significant increase in opioid overdose mortality between 1979 and 1995, most of it occurring among persons who initiated heroin use in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Recent initiations of heroin use among those born between 1970 and 1979 have begun to be reflected in an increased rate of opioid overdose deaths. If their mortality experience replicates that of earlier birth cohorts then opioid overdose mortality will continue to increase.
KW  - Australia
KW  - Opiate overdose deaths
KW  - Trends
KW  - diamorphine
KW  - opiate
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - australia
KW  - biostatistics
KW  - cause of death
KW  - drug overdose
KW  - female
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - opiate addiction
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Australia
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Narcotics
KW  - Opioid-Related Disorders
KW  - Overdose
KW  - Sex Distribution
N1  - Cited By :86
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: DADED
C2  - 9788009
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hall, W.; National Drug Alcohol Research Ctr., University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Narcotics
N1  - References: Anthony, J.C., Hezer, J.E., Syndromes of drug abuse and dependence (1991) Psychiatric Disorders in America: The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study, , Robins L.N., Regier, D.A. (Eds), The Free Press, New York; 
(1996) Australian Illicit Drug Report, 1995-1996, , Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra; 
Caplehorn, J.R.M., Dalton, S.Y.N., Cluff, M.C., Petrenas, A.M., Retention in methadone maintenance and heroin addicts' risk of death (1994) Addiction, 89, pp. 203-207; 
Chen, K., Kandel, D.B., The natural history of drug use from adolescence to the mid-thirties in a general population sample (1995) Am. J. Public Health, 85, pp. 41-47; 
Darke, S., Hall, W., Levels and correlates of polydrug use among heroin users and regular amphetamine users (1995) Drug Alcohol Depend., 39, pp. 231-235; 
Darke, S., Zador, D., Fatal heroin overdose: A review (1996) Addiction, 91, pp. 1757-1764; 
Darke, S., Hall, W., The distribution of naloxone to heroin users (1997) Addiction, 92, pp. 1195-1199; 
Darke, S., Ross, J., Hall, W., Benzodiazepine use among injecting heroin users (1995) Med. J. Aust., 162, pp. 645-647; 
Darke, S., Ross, J., Hall, W., The injection of methadone syrup in Sydney, Australia (1996) Drug Alcohol Depend., 43, pp. 191-198; 
Darke, S., Ross, J., Hall, W., Overdose among heroin users in Sydney, Australia: I. Prevalence and correlates of non-fatal overdose (1996) Addiction, 91, pp. 405-411; 
Darke, S., Zador, D., Sunjic, S., Toxicological findings and circumstances of heroin-related deaths in South Western Sydney, 1995 (1997) Technical Report No. 40, 40. , National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney; 
English, D., Holman, C.J.D., Milne, E., (1995) The Quantification of Drug Caused Morbidity and Mortality in Australia, 1995 Ed., , Commonwealth Department of Human Services and Health, Canberra; 
Feacham, R.G.A., (1995) Valuing the Past... Investing in the Future: Evaluation of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy 1993-1994 to 1995-1996, , Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra; 
Frischer, M., Goldberg, D., Rahman, M., Berney, L., Mortality and survival among a cohort of drug injectors in Glasgow, 1982-1994 (1997) Addiction, 92, pp. 419-427; 
Hall, W., (1995) The Demand for Methadone Maintenance Treatment in Australia, Technical Report No. 28, 28. , National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney; 
Hall, W., Methadone maintenance treatment as a crime control measure (1996) Crim. Justice Bull. No.29, 29, pp. 1-12; 
Maher, L., (1996) Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS): Ethnographic Component, Technical Report No. 36, 36. , National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney; 
Manderson, D., (1993) From Mr sin to Mr Big: A History of Australian Drug Laws, , Oxford University Press, Melbourne; 
O'Doherty, M., Farrington, A., Estimating local opioid addict mortality (1997) Addict. Res., 4, pp. 321-327; 
Oppenheimer, E., Tobbutt, C., Taylor, C., Andrew, T., Death and survival in a cohort of heroin addicts from London clinics: A 22 year follow-up (1994) Addiction, 89, pp. 1299-1308; 
Perucci, C.A., Davoli, M., Rapiti, E., Abeni, D.D., Forastieri, F., Mortality of intravenous drug users in Rome: A cohort study (1991) Am. J. Public Health, 81, pp. 1307-1310; 
Plant, M., Plant, M., Risk-Takers (1992) Alcohol, Drugs, Sex and Youth, , Routledge, London; 
Ryan, T.P., (1997) Modern Regression Methods, , Wiley, New York; 
Sanchez, J., Rodriguez, B., De La Fuente, L., Opiates or cocaine: Mortality from acute reactions in six major Spanish cities (1995) J. Epidemiol. Communal Health, 49, pp. 554-560; 
Strang, J., Darke, S., Hall, W., Farrell, M., Ali, R., Heroin overdose: The case for take-home naloxone (1996) Br. Med. J., 312, p. 1435; 
Sunjic, S., Zador, S., Methadone-related deaths in New South Wales (1997) Med. J. Aust., 166, pp. 54-55; 
Ward, J., Mattick, R., Hall, W., (1992) Key Issues in Methadone Maintenance Treatment, , University of New South Wales Press, Sydney; 
Weatherburn, D., Lind, B., (1995) Drug Law Enforcement and its Impact on the Heroin Market, , New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, Sydney; 
Zador, D., Sunjic, S., Darke, S., Heroin-related deaths in New South Wales, 1992: Toxicological findings and circumstances (1996) Med. J. Aust., 64, pp. 204-207
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032168130&doi=10.1016%2fS0376-8716%2898%2900044-1&partnerID=40&md5=2f9ba7d93b90e804333c563ec26f7e3a
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Neville Butler and the British Birth Cohort studies
T2  - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
J2  - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol.
VL  - 12
IS  - SUPPL. 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1046/j.1365-3016.1998.0120s1001.x
SN  - 02695022 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bynner, J.
AU  - Goldstein, H.
AU  - Alberman, E.
AD  - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London, United Kingdom
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - human
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - newborn disease
KW  - review
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Development
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - History, 20th Century
KW  - Humans
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
N1  - Cited By :2
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PPEPE
C2  - 9690270
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Bynner, J.; Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031928325&doi=10.1046%2fj.1365-3016.1998.0120s1001.x&partnerID=40&md5=2969b2d51fafe3906bc983ab13d06fa3
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Three generations of children - An edited transcript of a video recording made in March 1982 of the then directors of the three major British cohort studies in conversation
T2  - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
J2  - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol.
VL  - 12
IS  - SUPPL. 1
SP  - 15
EP  - 30
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1046/j.1365-3016.1998.0120s1015.x
SN  - 02695022 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bynner, J.
AU  - Goldstein, H.
AU  - Douglas, J.
AU  - Butler, N.
AU  - Pringle, M.K.
KW  - adolescence
KW  - article
KW  - childhood
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - human
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Development
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - History, 20th Century
KW  - Humans
N1  - Cited By :2
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PPEPE
C2  - 9690271
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031928814&doi=10.1046%2fj.1365-3016.1998.0120s1015.x&partnerID=40&md5=4dfe866f0a9135fcdb84d88c1f8a2ba8
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Intergenerational influences affecting birth outcome. II. Preterm delivery and gestational age in the children of the 1958 British birth cohort
T2  - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
J2  - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol.
VL  - 12
IS  - SUPPL. 1
SP  - 61
EP  - 75
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1046/j.1365-3016.1998.0120s1061.x
SN  - 02695022 (ISSN) 
AU  - Hennessy, E.
AU  - Alberman, E.
AD  - Dept. Environm. Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's and Royal London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
AB  - The 1958 British cohort study has data to investigate intergenerational effects on preterm delivery and on gestational age in non-preterm births, allowing for many confounders that may differ in the more pathological preterm babies. Previous results for all gestational ages have been inconsistent. The strongest and only likely independent intergenerational effect on non-preterm gestational age found is parental gestational age (adjusted regression coefficient = 0.067 weeks per week in mothers and 0.045 in fathers). The preterm analysis has low power; however, reported history of hypertension in mothers (any), in fathers and in the maternal grandmother (measured in the 1958 pregnancy) all significantly and independently increased the risk of preterm birth [OR = 1.7, 2.0, 1.5 respectively]. The absolute risk was particularly high in hypertensive mothers who had been preterm themselves (21%). Other possible intergenerational influences of height, weight, fetal growth and gestation were not significant enough and/or consistent enough between parents to speculate whether they are truly intergenerational or confounded by other factors acting during the pregnancy. Excepting mother's weight for height, no genetic or environmental influence studied affects both gestational age and fetal growth in term births. However, many maternal factors that reduce either fetal growth or gestation in term births are associated with increased risk of preterm birth.
KW  - article
KW  - body height
KW  - body weight
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - gestational age
KW  - human
KW  - maternal age
KW  - premature labor
KW  - risk
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Body Weight
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Gestational Age
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Infant, Premature
KW  - Male
KW  - Maternal Age
KW  - Pregnancy
N1  - Cited By :16
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PPEPE
C2  - 9690274
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hennessy, E.; Dept. Environm. Preventive Medicine, St Bartholomew's and Royal London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031880175&doi=10.1046%2fj.1365-3016.1998.0120s1061.x&partnerID=40&md5=d486cb3489cb037ad88b77e5160c1ee9
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Life expectancy in British Marfan syndrome populations
T2  - Clinical Genetics
J2  - Clin. Genet.
VL  - 54
IS  - 2
SP  - 124
EP  - 128
PY  - 1998
SN  - 00099163 (ISSN) 
AU  - Gray, J.R.
AU  - Bridges, A.B.
AU  - West, R.R.
AU  - McLeish, L.
AU  - Stuart, A.G.
AU  - Dean, J.C.S.
AU  - Porteous, M.E.M.
AU  - Boxer, M.
AU  - Davies, S.J.
AD  - Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF4 4XW, United Kingdom
AD  - Stirling Royal Infirmary NHS Trust, Livilands, Stirling, FK8 2AU, United Kingdom
AD  - University of Wales, College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
AD  - Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hosp. and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Medical Genetics, Aberdeen Royal Hospitals NHS Trust, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Medical Genetics, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
AD  - Institute ot Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF4 4XW, United Kingdom
AB  - A total of 206 patients with Marfan syndrome were ascertained throughout genetic clinics in Wales and Scotland during the period 1970-1990. There were 45 deaths representing 22% of the cohort. Mean age at death was 45.3 ± 16.5 years. 50% median cumulative survival in the total cohort (n = 206) was 53 years for males and 72 years for females. Multivariate analysis confirmed severity as the best independent indicator of survival. These findings and survival curves will assist in the counselling of British families and individuals with Marfan syndrome.
KW  - Life expectancy
KW  - Marfan syndrome
KW  - Survival
KW  - article
KW  - disease severity
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - life expectancy
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - marfan syndrome
KW  - multivariate analysis
KW  - priority journal
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Life Expectancy
KW  - Male
KW  - Marfan Syndrome
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Multivariate Analysis
KW  - Proportional Hazards Models
KW  - Severity of Illness Index
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Survival Rate
N1  - Cited By :46
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CLGNA
C2  - 9761390
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Gray, J.R.; Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF4 4XW, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Gray, J.R., Bridges, A.B., Faed, M.J.W., Ascertainment and severity of Marfan syndrome in a Scottish population (1994) J Med Genet, 31, pp. 51-54; 
Pyeritz, R.E., McKusick, V.A., The Marfan syndrome: Diagnosis and management (1979) New Engl J Med, 300 (14), p. 772; 
Murdoch, J.L., Walker, B.A., Danks, D., Life expectancy and causes of death in the Marfan syndrome (1972) New Engl J Med, 286 (15), p. 804; 
Finkbohner, R., Johnston, D., Crawford, E.S., Coselli, J., Milewicz, D.M., (1995) Circulation, 91 (3), pp. 728-733; 
Shores, J., Berger, K.R., Murphy, E.A., Pyeritz, R.E., Progression of aortic dilatation and the benefit of long -Term beta-adrenergic-blockade in Marfans' syndrome (1994) New Engl J Med, 330 (19), pp. 1335-1341; 
Silverman, D.I., Burton, K.J., Gray, J.R., Life expectancy in the Marfan syndrome (1995) Am J Cardiol, 75, pp. 157-160; 
Beighton, P., De Paepe, A., International nosology of heritable disorders of connective tissue, Berlin, 1986 (1988) Am J Med Genet, 29 (3), p. 581; 
Gray, J.R., Davies, S.J., A clinical severity grading scale for Marfan Syndrome (1996) J Med Genet, 33, pp. 758-759
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031715893&partnerID=40&md5=04544d58098496bbcc30341a31194b15
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Forty years on: Professor Neville Butler and the British Birth Cohort Studies
T2  - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
J2  - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol.
VL  - 12
IS  - SUPPL. 1
SP  - 31
EP  - 44
PY  - 1998
SN  - 02695022 (ISSN) 
AU  - Ferri, E.
AD  - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0BN, United Kingdom
AB  - This paper traces the major contribution made by Professor Neville Butler, over a period of 40 years, to the foundation and subsequent development of two of Britain's three national birth cohort studies: the National Child Development Study, which has monitored the lives of all those in Britain born in the week 3-9 March 1958, and the British Cohort Study 1970, which has similarly followed the development of those born in the week 5-11 April 1970. Some recent findings from the two studies in the areas of health and health behaviour are briefly summarised, as are the plans for their future development. © 1998 Blackwell Science Ltd.
KW  - article
KW  - child behavior
KW  - child development
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - human
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Alcohol Drinking
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Body Weight
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Development
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - History, 20th Century
KW  - Humans
KW  - Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Smoking
N1  - Cited By :4
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PPEPE
C2  - 9690272
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Ferri, E.; Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0BN, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Magnussen, D., Bergmann, L.R., (1990) Data Quality in Longitudinal Research, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 
Shepherd, P., The National Child Development Study: An introduction to the origins of the study and the methods of data collection (1985) NCDS User Support Group Working Paper No. 1, , London: Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; 
Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J., Montgomery, S., Shepherd, P., An integrated approach to the design and analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS) (1992) Inter-cohort Analysis Working Paper 1, , London: Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; 
(1995) NCDS User Support Group Working Paper 2, , London: Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, revised May; 
(1997) Working Paper 2, , London: Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, April; 
Power, C., A review of child health in the 1958 birth cohort: National Child Development Study (1992) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 6, pp. 81-110; 
Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; 
Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., (1969) Perinatal Problems, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; 
(1967) Children and Their Primary Schools. 2 Vols. (The Plowden Report), 2. , London: HMSO; 
Davie, R., Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven, , London: Longman/National Children's Bureau; 
Wedge, P., The second follow-up of the National Child Development Study (1969) Concern, 3, pp. 34-39; 
Fogelman, K.R., (1976) Britain's Sixteen-Year-Olds, , London: National Children's Bureau; 
Power, C., Fox, A.J., Manor, O., Fogelman, K., Health in childhood and social inequalities in young adults (1990) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 153, pp. 17-28; 
Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: the Early Years, , Andover: Chapman & Hall; 
Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau and City University; 
Bynner, J., Parsons, S., (1997) It Doesn't Get Any Better, , London: Basic Skills Agency; 
Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1973) British Births 1970. Vol. 1: The First Week of Life, 1. , London: Heinemann; 
Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1975) British Births 1970. Vol. 2: The First Week of Life, 2. , London: Heinemann; 
Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Howlett, B.C., (1986) From Birth to Five: A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's Five-Year-Olds, , Oxford: Pergamon; 
Osborne, A.F., Butler, N.R., Morris, A.C., (1984) The Social Life of Britain's Five-Year-Olds: a Report of the Child Health and Education Study, , London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; 
Butler, N.R., Haslum, M.N., Barker, W., Morris, A.C., (1982) Child Health and Education Study. First Report to the Department of Education and Science on the 10-Year Follow-up, , Bristol: Department of Child Health, University of Bristol; 
Butler, N.R., Haslum, M.N., Howlett, B.C., Stewart-Brown, S., Brewer, R.I., Prosser, H., (1983) Child Health and Education Study. A Collection of Papers from the 10-Year Follow-up. Report to the Department of Health and Social Security, , Bristol: Department of Child Health, University of Bristol; 
Atkinson, J., Butler, N.R., Vision problems in under 5s (1985) The At-Risk Infant: Psycho/socio/ Medical Aspects, , Editors: Harel S, Anastasiow NJ. London: Paul Brookes Publishing; 
Stewart-Brown, S., Butler, N.R., Visual activity in a national sample of 10 year old children (1985) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 39, pp. 107-112; 
Biljur, P.E., Stewart-Brown, S., Butler, N.R., Child behaviour and accidental injury in 11,966 pre-school children (1986) American Journal of Diseases of Children, 140, pp. 487-492; 
Wadsworth, J., Burnell, I., Taylor, B., Butler, N.R., Family type and accidents in pre-school children (1983) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 37, pp. 100-104; 
Lewis, S., Richards, D., Bynner, J., Butler, N.R., Britton, J., Prospective study of risk factors for early and persistent wheezing in childhood (1995) European Respiratory Journal, 305, pp. 326-327; 
Golding, J., Butler, N.R., Convulsive disorders in the Child Health and Education Study (1983) Research Progress in Epilepsy, , Editor: Clifford Rose G. London: Pitman; 
Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. I. Prevalence and recurrence in the first five years of life (1985) British Medical Journal, 290, pp. 1307-1310; 
Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. II. Medical history and intellectual ability at 5 years of age (1985) British Medical Journal, 290, pp. 1311-1315; 
Golding, J., Hicks, P., Butler, N.R., (1982) Eczema in the First Five Years, , Report to the National Eczema Society. Bristol: Department of Child Health, University of Bristol; 
Butler, N.R., Preventing childhood handicap (1984) Action Research, 2, pp. 9-10; 
Haslum, M.N., Morris, A.C., Butler, N.R., A cohort study of special educational needs in ten-year-olds in the United Kingdom (1985) Understanding Learning Disabilities: International and Multidisciplinary Views, , Editors: Duane DD, Leong CK. New York: Plenum Press; 
Butler, N.R., Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., (1981) Teenage Mothering, , Report to the Dept. of Health and Social Security. Bristol: Department of Child Health, University of Bristol; 
Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Golding, J., Butler, N.R., Teenage mothering: Admission to hospital and accidents during the first five years (1983) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 58, pp. 6-11; 
Wadsworth, J., Taylor, B., Osborn, A., Butler, N.R., Teenage mothering: Child development at five years (1983) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 25, pp. 305-313; 
Osborne, A.F., Butler, N.R., (1985) Ethnic Minority Children. A Comparative Study from Birth to Five Years, , London: Commission for Racial Equality; 
Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J., (1993) Literacy and Numeracy Skills of British 21-Year-Olds. Preliminary Report to the Adult Literacy and Basic Skills Unit (ALBSU), , London: Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; 
Bynner, J., Ferri, E., Shepherd, P., (1997) Twenty-Something in the 1990s: Getting On, Getting By, Getting Nowhere, , Aldershot: Ashgate; 
Power, C., Hertzman, C., Social and biological pathways linking early life and adult disease (1997) British Medical Bulletin, 53, pp. 210-221; 
Power, C., Matthews, S., Origins of health inequalities in a national population sample (1997) Lancet, 350, pp. 1584-1589; 
Power, C., Hertzman, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Social differences in health: Life cycle effects between ages 23 and 33 in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) American Journal of Public Health, 87, pp. 1499-1503; 
Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self-rated health in the 1958 birth cohort: Lifetime social circumstances or social mobility (1996) British Medical Journal, 313, pp. 449-453; 
Montgomery, S., Bartley, M.J., Cook, D.J., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Are young unemployed men at greater risk of future illness, even before they experience any unemployment? (1995) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 49, p. 552; 
Montgomery, S.M., Bartley, M.J., Cook, D.J., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Health and social precursors of unemployment in young men in Great Britain (1996) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 50, pp. 415-422; 
Montgomery, S.M., Bartley, M.J., Wilkinson, R.G., Family conflict and slow growth (1997) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 77, pp. 326-330; 
Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Measurement and long-term health risks of child/ adolescent fatness (1997) International Journal of Obesity, 21, pp. 507-526; 
Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Significant social class gradient in menstrual disorders (1995) British Medical Journal, 311, p. 1503; 
Lake, J.K., Power, C., Cole, T.J., Women's reproductive health: The role of body mass index in early and adult life (1997) International Journal of Obesity, 21, pp. 432-438; 
Montgomery, S.M., Schoon, I., Health and health behaviour (1997) Twenty-Something in the 1990s, , Editors: Bynner J, Ferri E, Shepherd P. Aldershot: Ashgate; 
Maughan, B., Taylor, A., Selection into Marriage, , (forthcoming) provisional title; 
Schoon, I., Montgomery, S.M., Zum Zusammenhang von fruehkindlicher Lebenserfahrung und Depression im Erwachsenalter (1997) Zeitschrift für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychoanalyse, 43, pp. 319-333; 
Done, D.J., Crow, T.J., Johnstone, E.C., Sacker, A., Childhood antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness (1994) British Medical Journal, 309, pp. 699-703; 
Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longman; 
Buchanan, A., Ten Brinke, J.-A., (1997) What Happened When They Were Grown Up?, , York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation; 
Rodgers, B., Power, C., Hope, S., Parental divorce and adult psychological distress: Evidence from a national birth cohort: a research note (1997) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 38, pp. 867-872; 
Golding, J., Illegitimate births: Do they suffer in the long term? (1989) Early Influences Shaping the Individual, , Editors: Doxiadis S, Stewart S. New York: Plenum Press; 
Collishaw, S., Maughan, B., Pickles, A., Infant adoption: Psychosocial outcomes in adulthood (1998) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 33, pp. 57-65; 
Charlton, A., While, D., Smoking and menstrual problems in 16-year-olds (1996) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 89, pp. 193-195; 
Hope, S., Power, C., Rodgers, B., Parental separation and alcohol consumption: Changing lifecourse patterns (1998) Addiction, 93, pp. 505-514; 
Montgomery, S.M., Thompson, N.P., Subhani, J., Ebrahim, S., Pounder, R.E., Wakefield, A., Inflammatory bowel disease in a national birth cohort (1997) GUT, 40 (1 SUPPL.), pp. A22. , 1997; 
Peters, T.J., Golding, J., Butler, N.R., Fryer, J.G., Lawrence, C.J., Chamberlain, G.V.P., Plus ça change: Predictors of birthweight in two national studies (1983) British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 90, pp. 1040-1045; 
Peters, T., Harragin, R., Golding, J., Do the maternal and social factors related to birthweight change over time? (1985) Health Visitor, 58, pp. 226-227; 
Peters, T., Adelstein, P., Golding, J., Butler, N.R., The effects of work in pregnancy: Short and long-term associations (1984) Pregnant Women at Work, , Editor: Chamberlain G. London: RSM/Macmillan; 
Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Golding, J., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Acute appendicitis and bathrooms in three samples of British children (1988) British Medical Journal, 262, pp. 956-958; 
Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Peckham, C.S., Changes in the reported prevalence of childhood eczema since the 1939-45 war (1984) Lancet, 2, pp. 1255-1257; 
Chilvers, C., Apparent doubling of frequency of undescended testes in England and Wales 1962-81 (1984) Lancet, 2, pp. 330-332; 
Calnan, M., Douglas, J., Goldstein, H., Tonsillectomy and circumcision: Comparisons of two cohorts (1978) International Journal of Epidemiology, 7, pp. 79-85; 
Kuh, D., Shlomo, Y., (1997) A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology, , Oxford: Oxford University Press
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031904946&partnerID=40&md5=81d5fe86b74d50b0c1fb40076dff9a93
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Urbanization and psychosis: A study of 1942-1978 birth cohorts in The Netherlands
T2  - Psychological Medicine
J2  - Psychol. Med.
VL  - 28
IS  - 4
SP  - 871
EP  - 879
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1017/S0033291798006898
SN  - 00332917 (ISSN) 
AU  - Marcelis, M.
AU  - Navarro-Mateu, F.
AU  - Murray, R.
AU  - Selten, J.-P.
AU  - Van Os, J.
AD  - Dept. of Psychiat. and Neuropsychol., Europ. Grad. School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
AB  - Background. Urban birth is associated with later schizophrenia. This study examined whether this finding is diagnosis-specific and which individuals are most at risk. Methods. All live births recorded between 1942 and 1978 in any of the 646 Dutch municipalities were followed-up through the National Psychiatric Case Register for first psychiatric admission for psychosis between 1970 and 1992 (N = 42115). Results, Urban birth was linearly associated with later schizophrenia (incidence rate ratio linear trend (IRR), 1.39; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.36 1.42), affective psychosis (IRR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.15-1.21) and other psychosis (IRR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.24-1.30). Individuals born in the highest category of the three-level urban exposure were around twice as likely to develop schizophrenia. Associations were stronger for men and for individuals with early age of onset. The effect of urban birth was also stronger in the more recent birth cohorts. Conclusions. There are quantitative differences between diagnostic categories in the strength of the association between urban birth and later psychiatric disorder. High rates of psychosis in urban areas may be the result of environmental factors associated with urbanization, the effect of which appears to be increasing over successive generations.
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - environmental factor
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - manic depressive psychosis
KW  - netherlands
KW  - onset age
KW  - psychosis
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - schizophrenia
KW  - sex difference
KW  - urbanization
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Demography
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Psychotic Disorders
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Schizophrenia
KW  - Seasons
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Urban Population
N1  - Cited By :174
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PSMDC
C2  - 9723142
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Van Os, J.; Dept Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, European Grad School of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, Netherlands
N1  - References: Bebbington, P., Wilkins, S., Jones, P.B., Foerster, A., Murray, R., Toone, B., Lewis, S., Life events and psychosis. Initial results from the Camberwell Collaborative Psychosis Study (1993) British Journal of Psychiatry, 162, pp. 72-79; 
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Navarro, F., Van Os, J., Jones, P., Murray, R.M., Explaining sex differences in course and outcome in the functional psychoses (1996) Schizophrenia Research, 21, pp. 161-170; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031850757&doi=10.1017%2fS0033291798006898&partnerID=40&md5=75966655ddd7a2ce8ac136a081bdba45
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Meconium ileus secondary to cystic fibrosis. The East London experience
T2  - Pediatric Surgery International
J2  - Pediatr. Surg. Int.
VL  - 13
IS  - 5-6
SP  - 365
EP  - 369
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1007/s003830050341
SN  - 01790358 (ISSN) 
AU  - Mushtaq, I.
AU  - Wright, V.M.
AU  - Drake, D.P.
AU  - Mearns, M.B.
AU  - Wood, C.B.S.
AD  - Department of Paediatric Surgery, Qu. Elizabeth Hospital for Children, Hackney Road, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Paediatric Medicine, Qu. Elizabeth Hospital for Children, Hackney Road, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Paediatric Surgery, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
AB  - Meconium ileus (MI) affects 15% of neonates with cystic fibrosis (CF). The authors reviewed the management and outcome of 51 neonates presenting to a single institution between 1976 and 1995 with MI secondary to CF. Clinical presentation included abdominal distension (96%), bilious vomiting (49%), and delayed passage of meconium (36%). A family history of CF was present in 4 cases (8%). Twenty-three neonates presented with MI and evidence of volvulus, atresia, or perforation (complicated MI). Of these, 16 underwent stoma formation, 1 appendicectomy, and 6 resection with primary anastomosis. Twenty-eight neonates presented with uncomplicated MI. Of these, 11 were managed non-operatively by Gastrografin enema (10) or enteral N-acetylcysteine (1). The remainder required stoma formation (15) or bowel resection with primary anastomosis (2). Early postoperative complications occurred in 2 neonates (4%). In this hospital the 1-year survival for this condition has increased from 49% (1953-1970) to 98% (1976-1995) irrespective of the surgical procedure performed or the presence of volvulus, atresia, or perforation. In our experience, bowel resection with primary anastomosis is as safe as stoma formation and is associated with a reduced length of initial hospital stay.
KW  - Cystic fibrosis
KW  - Meconium ileus
KW  - acetylcysteine
KW  - diatrizoate
KW  - abdominal distension
KW  - anastomosis
KW  - appendectomy
KW  - article
KW  - clinical feature
KW  - cystic fibrosis
KW  - family history
KW  - hospitalization
KW  - human
KW  - intestine atresia
KW  - intestine perforation
KW  - intestine resection
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - meconium ileus
KW  - newborn
KW  - postoperative complication
KW  - priority journal
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - volvulus
KW  - vomiting
KW  - Anastomosis, Surgical
KW  - Cystic Fibrosis
KW  - Enterostomy
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Intestinal Obstruction
KW  - Intestine, Small
KW  - Intraoperative Complications
KW  - Laparotomy
KW  - London
KW  - Male
KW  - Meconium
KW  - Postoperative Complications
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Survival Rate
N1  - Cited By :26
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PSUIE
C2  - 9639619
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Mushtaq, I.; Department of Paediatric Surgery, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
N1  - Tradenames: gastrografin, schering, United Kingdom
N1  - Manufacturers: schering, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Anderson, D.H., Cystic fibrosis of the pancreas and its relation to celiac disease (1938) Am J Dis Child, 56, pp. 344-399; 
Bishop, H.C., Koop, C.E., Management of meconium ileus (1957) Ann Surg, 145, pp. 410-414; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031749772&doi=10.1007%2fs003830050341&partnerID=40&md5=18c4012244783ddd0185be600338c918
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prenatal and perinatal antecedents of febrile convulsions and afebrile seizures: Data from a national cohort study
T2  - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
J2  - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol.
VL  - 12
IS  - SUPPL. 1
SP  - 76
EP  - 95
PY  - 1998
SN  - 02695022 (ISSN) 
AU  - Greenwood, R.
AU  - Golding, J.
AU  - Ross, E.
AU  - Verity, C.
AD  - Unit of Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Community Paediatrics, King's College, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Child Development Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
AD  - Unit of Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Division of Child Health, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
AB  - The assumption is often made that brain damage during the perinatal period is likely to result in neurological abnormalities such as epilepsy and cerebral palsy. However, there has been accumulating evidence that cerebral palsy is rarely, if ever, a result of intrapartum events, but few studies of other neurological abnormalities have been undertaken. We analysed data on 16163 children from the 1970 British national cohort study and followed to age 10, focusing on the 378 who developed febrile convulsions (FCs) and 63 children with idiopathic afebrile seizures (IAS). Children with IAS were significantly more likely not to have been breast fed (P < 0.001), and this was independent of features such as birthweight and maternal disorder. A similar finding was apparent for FCs (P < 0.05). Although children with low birthweight were at increased risk of both conditions, there was no association with maternal smoking in pregnancy. No associations were found between indications of fetal distress during labour and later febrile convulsions or afebrile seizures. There was no evidence that intervention during labour would have improved these outcomes. However, associations were found with abnormalities earlier in pregnancy, suggesting a prenatal rather than an intrapartum aetiology. © 1998 Blackwell Science Ltd.
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - brain injury
KW  - breast feeding
KW  - cerebral palsy
KW  - child
KW  - controlled study
KW  - disease association
KW  - epilepsy
KW  - febrile convulsion
KW  - fetus distress
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - labor
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - maternal disease
KW  - newborn
KW  - perinatal period
KW  - risk
KW  - seizure
KW  - smoking
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Delivery, Obstetric
KW  - Female
KW  - Fetal Distress
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Labor, Obstetric
KW  - Male
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Seizures
KW  - Seizures, Febrile
N1  - Cited By :27
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PPEPE
C2  - 9690275
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Golding, J.; Unit of Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Division of Child Health, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Predisposing and causative factors in childhood epilepsy (1987) Epilepsia, 28, pp. S16-S24; 
Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Prenatal and perinatal antecedents of febrile seizures (1990) Annals of Neurology, 27, pp. 127-131; 
Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., Seizure disorder in the National Child Development Study (1983) Research Progress in Epilepsy, , Editor: Rose C. London: Pitman; 
Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1975) British Births 1970. Vol 1. The First Week of Life, 1. , London: William Heineman; 
Butler, N.R., Golding, J., (1986) From Birth to Five, , Oxford: Pergamon Press; 
Febrile seizures: Long-term management of children with fever-associated seizures (1980) British Medical Journal, 281, pp. 277-279. , Summary of an NIH Consensus Statement; 
Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Febrile Seizures (1983) Pediatric Epidemiology, pp. 173-198. , Editor: Dreyfuss FE. Boston: John Wright PSG; 
Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures (1981) Epilepsia, 22, pp. 489-501; 
Baumann, R.J., Problems in epidemiologic studies of the consequences of febrile seizures in children (1981) Febrile Seizures, pp. 27-33. , Editors: Nelson KB, Ellenberg JH. New York: Raven Press; 
Klebanoff, M.A., Invited commentary: The epidemiology of febrile seizures, or the epidemiology of study participation (1990) American Journal of Epidemiology, 132, pp. 474-477; 
Lilienfeld, A.M., Pasamanick, B., The association of maternal and fetal factors with the development of cerebral palsy and epilepsy (1955) American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 70, pp. 93-101; 
Forsgren, L., (1990) Epidemiology of Seizure Disorders: Clinical Characterization and Analysis of Risk Factors in Children with Febrile Convulsions, Newly Referred Adults and Mentally Retarded Persons with Epilepsy, (270). , Umea University Medical Dissertations; 
Van Den Berg, B.J., Yerushalmy, J., Studies on convulsive disorders in young children. V. Excess of early fetal deaths among pregnancies preceding the birth of children with febrile or nonfebrile convulsions (1974) Journal of Pediatrics, 84, pp. 837-840; 
Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. I. Prevalence and recurrence in the first 5 years of life (1985) British Medical Journal, 290, pp. 1307-1310; 
Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., Epilepsy in childhood: Findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) British Medical Journal, 1, pp. 207-210; 
Forsgren, L., Sidenvall, R., Blomquist, H., Heijbel, J., Nystrom, L., Pre- And perinatal factors in febrile convulsions (1991) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 80, pp. 218-225
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031902180&partnerID=40&md5=2d59d401674a20a4d8fdc798568c65f9
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Long-term intellectual and behavioral outcomes of children with febrile convulsions
T2  - New England Journal of Medicine
J2  - New Engl. J. Med.
VL  - 338
IS  - 24
SP  - 1723
EP  - 1728
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1056/NEJM199806113382403
SN  - 00284793 (ISSN) 
AU  - Verity, C.M.
AU  - Greenwood, R.
AU  - Golding, J.
AD  - Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
AD  - U. Paediatr. Perinatal Epidemiol., Institute of Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
AD  - Child Development Centre, Box 107, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
AB  - Background: Hospital-based studies have reported that children with febrile convulsions have subsequent mental retardation and behavior problems. In contrast, population-based studies have reported a better outcome. Methods: We identified 398 children with febrile convulsions among 14,676 children enrolled in the Child Health and Education Study, a national population-based study in the United Kingdom of children born in one week in April 1970. The children were comprehensively assessed at the age of 10. After excluding 16 children who had neurodevelopmental problems before their first febrile convulsion and 1 child whose case was atypical, we studied 381 children, 287 with simple febrile convulsions and 94 with complex febrile convulsions. We compared them with the rest of the cohort using measures of academic progress, intelligence, and behavior that included questionnaires, standardized tests, and formal tests. Results: At the 10-year assessment, only 4 of 102 measures of academic progress, intelligence, and behavior differed significantly between the entire group of children with febrile convulsions and the group without febrile convulsions - no more than would be expected by chance. Similar results were found when children with simple febrile convulsions and those with complex febrile convulsions were analyzed separately. The children with recurrent episodes of febrile convulsions had outcomes similar to those of the children with only one episode each. Special schooling was required for more children who had febrile convulsions in the first year of life than for those who had had them later in life (5 of 67, or 7.5 percent, vs. 4 of 265, or 1.5 percent; P=0.02), but these numbers were small. Conclusions: Children who had febrile convulsions performed as well as other children in terms of their academic progress, intellect, and behavior at 10 years of age.
KW  - academic achievement
KW  - antisocial behavior
KW  - article
KW  - behavior disorder
KW  - child
KW  - clinical trial
KW  - controlled study
KW  - febrile convulsion
KW  - human
KW  - hyperactivity
KW  - infant
KW  - intelligence
KW  - learning disorder
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - mental deficiency
KW  - parent counseling
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prognosis
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Behavior
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Intelligence
KW  - Male
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Seizures, Febrile
N1  - Cited By :158
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: NEJMA
C2  - 9624192
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Verity, C.M.; Development Centre, Box 107, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Baumer, J.H., David, T.J., Valentine, S.J., Roberts, J.E., Hughes, B.R., Many parents think their child is dying when having a first febrile convulsion (1981) Dev Med Child Neurol, 23, pp. 462-464; 
Febrile convulsions (1994) Epilepsy in Children. 2nd Ed., pp. 253-275. , Aicardi J. New York: Raven Press; 
Wallace, S.J., (1988) The Child with Febrile Seizures, , London: Butterworth; 
Lennox, M.A., Febrile convulsions in childhood: Their relationship to adult epilepsy (1949) J Pediatr, 35, pp. 427-435; 
Aicardi, J., Chevrie, J.-J., Febrile convulsions: Neurological sequelae and mental retardation (1976) International Brain Research Organization Monograph Series. Vol. 2. Brain Dysfunction in Infantile Febrile Convulsions, 2, pp. 247-257. , Brazier MAB, Coceani F, eds. New York: Raven Press; 
Wallace, S.J., Cull, A.M., Long-term psychological outlook for children whose first fit occurs with fever (1979) Dev Med Child Neurol, 21, pp. 28-40; 
Ellenberg, J.H., Nelson, K.B., Febrile seizures and later intellectual performance (1978) Arch Neurol, 35, pp. 17-21; 
Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. I. Prevalence and recurrence in the first five years of life (1985) BMJ, 290, pp. 1307-1310; 
Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. II. Medical history and intellectual ability at 5 years of age (1985) BMJ, 290, pp. 1311-1315; 
Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claircaux, A., (1975) British Births 1970. Vol. 1. The First Week of Life, 1. , London: William Heinemann; 
Febrile seizures: Long-term management of children with fever-associated seizures: Summary of an NIH consensus statement (1980) BMJ, 281, pp. 277-279; 
Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Predictors of epilepsy in children who have experienced febrile seizures (1976) N Engl J Med, 295, pp. 1029-1033; 
Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behavior, , London: Longman; 
Conners, C.K., A teacher rating scale for use in drug studies with children (1969) Am J Psychiatry, 126, pp. 884-888; 
Osborne, A.F., (1987) The Effects of Early Education, , Oxford, England: Clarendon Press; 
Elliott, C.D., (1983) British Ability Scales: Manual 2: Technical Handbook, , Windsor, England: NFER-Nelson; 
Fisher, R.A., Yates, F., (1963) Statistical Tables for Biological, Agricultural and Medical Research. 6th Ed. Rev., , Edinburgh, Scotland: Oliver and Boyd; 
Mann, H.B., Whitney, D.R., On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other (1947) Ann Math Stat, 18, pp. 50-60; 
Annegers, J.F., Hauser, W.A., Shirts, S.B., Kurland, L.T., Factors prognostic of unprovoked seizures after febrile convulsions (1987) N Engl J Med, 316, pp. 493-498; 
Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., Epilepsy in childhood: Findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) BMJ, 280, pp. 207-210; 
Verity, C.M., Golding, J., Risk of epilepsy after febrile convulsions: A national cohort study (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 1373-1376. , Erratum, BMJ 1992;304: 147; 
Verity, C.M., Ross, E.M., Golding, J., Epilepsy in the first 10 years of life: Findings of the child health and education study (1992) BMJ, 305, pp. 857-861; 
Verity, C.M., Ross, E.M., Golding, J., Outcome of childhood status epilepticus and lengthy febrile convulsions: Findings of a national cohort study (1993) BMJ, 307, pp. 225-228; 
Schiottz-Christensen, E., Bruhn, P., Intelligence, behaviour and scholastic achievement subsequent to febrile convulsions: An analysis of discordant twin-pairs (1973) Dev Med Child Neurol, 15, pp. 565-575; 
Wallace, S.J., Neurological and intellectual deficits: Convulsions with fever viewed as acute indications of life-long developmental defects (1976) International Brain Research Organization Monograph Series. Vol. 2. Brain Dysfunction in Infantile Febrile Convulsions, 2, pp. 259-277. , Brazier MAB, Coceani F, eds. New York: Raven Press; 
Millichap, J.G., (1968) Febrile Convulsions, , New York: Macmillan; 
Wolf, S.M., Forsythe, A., Behavior disturbance, phenobarbital, and febrile seizures (1978) Pediatrics, 61, pp. 728-731; 
Aldridge Smith, J., Wallace, S.J., Febrile convulsions: Intellectual progress in relation to anticonvulsant therapy and to recurrence of fits (1982) Arch Dis Child, 57, pp. 104-107; 
Camfield, P., Camfield, C., Diazepam to prevent febrile seizures (1993) N Engl J Med, 329, p. 2034
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032507889&doi=10.1056%2fNEJM199806113382403&partnerID=40&md5=f34669362513c96ed55bea365cc11f7e
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Design, objectives, and lessons from a pilot 25 year follow up re-survey of survivors in the Whitehall study of London Civil Servants
T2  - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
J2  - J. Epidemiol. Community Health
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
SP  - 364
EP  - 369
PY  - 1998
SN  - 0143005X (ISSN) 
AU  - Clarke, R.
AU  - Breeze, E.
AU  - Sherliker, P.
AU  - Shipley, M.
AU  - Youngman, L.
AU  - Fletcher, A.
AU  - Fuhrer, R.
AU  - Leon, D.
AU  - Parish, S.
AU  - Collins, R.
AU  - Marmot, M.
AD  - Clinical Trial Service Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, OX2 6HE, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
AB  - Design - To assess the feasibility of conducting a re-survey of men who are resident in the United Kingdom 25 years after enrollment in the Whitehall study of London Civil Servants. Methods - A random sample of 401 study survivors resident in three health authority areas was selected for this pilot study. They were mailed a request to complete a self administered questionnaire, and then asked to attend their general practice to have their blood pressure, weight, and height measured and a blood sample collected into a supplied vacutainer, and mailed to a central laboratory. Using a 2 x 2 factorial design, the impact of including additional questions on income and of an informant questionnaire on cognitive function was assessed. Results - Accurate addresses were obtained from the health authorities for 96% of the sample. Questionnaires were received from 73% and blood samples from 61% of the sample. Questions on income had no adverse effect on the response rate, but inclusion of the informant questionnaire did. Between 1970 and 1995 there were substantial changes within men in the mean blood pressure and blood total cholesterol recorded, as reflected by correlation coeffcients between 1970 and 1995 values of 0.26, and 0.30 for systolic and diastolic blood pressure and 0.38 for total cholesterol. Conclusion - This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of conducting a re-survey using postal questionnaires and mailed whole blood samples. The magnitude of change in blood pressure and blood total cholesterol concentrations within individuals was greater than anticipated, suggesting that such remeasurements may be required at different intervals in prospective studies to help interpret risks associations properly. These issues will be considered in a re-survey of the remaining survivors of the Whitehall study.
KW  - cholesterol
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - blood pressure
KW  - body height
KW  - body weight
KW  - cholesterol blood level
KW  - clinical trial
KW  - cognition
KW  - diastolic blood pressure
KW  - follow up
KW  - general practice
KW  - health status
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - income
KW  - male
KW  - mean arterial pressure
KW  - methodology
KW  - normal human
KW  - patient
KW  - pilot study
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - systolic blood pressure
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Aged
KW  - Biological Markers
KW  - Blood Pressure
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Body Weight
KW  - Cholesterol
KW  - Feasibility Studies
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Health Status Indicators
KW  - Humans
KW  - London
KW  - Male
KW  - Pilot Projects
KW  - Regression Analysis
N1  - Cited By :29
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JECHD
C2  - 9764257
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Clarke, R.; Clinical Trial Service Unit, Nuffield Dept. Clinical Medicine, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Biological Markers; Cholesterol, 57-88-5
N1  - References: McMahon, S., Peto, R., Cutler, J., Blood pressure, stroke and coronary heart disease; prolonged differences in blood pressure; prospective observational studies corrected for regression dilution bias (1990) Lancet, 335, pp. 765-774; 
Neaton, J.D., Wentworth, D., Overall findings and differences by age for 316,099 white men. Multiple Risk factor Intervention Trial Research Group (1992) Arch Intern Med, 152, pp. 56-64; 
Glynn, R.J., Field, T.S., Rosner, B., Evidence for a positive linear relationship between blood pressure and mortality in elderly people (1995) Lancet, 345, pp. 825-829; 
Benfante, R., Hwang, L.J., Masaki, K., To what extent do cardiovascular risk factors measured in elderly men represent their mid-life values measured 25 years earlier? A preliminary report from the Honolulu Heart Study (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 140, pp. 206-216; 
(1995) Epidemiology and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in Elderly People. Report of a WHO Study Group, , WHO Technical Report 853 Geneva: WHO; 
Marmot, M.G., Shipley, M.J., Do socioeconomic differences in mortality persist after retirement? 25 year follow-up of civil servants from the first Whitehall study (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 1177-1180; 
Gardner, M.J., Heady, J.A., Some effects of within-person variability in epidemiological studies (1973) J Chronic Dis, 26, pp. 781-795; 
Davis, C.E., Rifkind, B.M., Brenner, H., A single cholesterol measurement underestimates the risk of coronary heart disease: An empirical example from the Lipid Research Clinics Mortality Follow-up (1990) JAMA, 264, pp. 3044-3046; 
Tornberg, S.A., Jakobsson, K.F.S., Eklund, G.A., Stability and validity of a single serum cholesterol measurement in a prospective cohort study (1988) Int J Epidemiol, 17, pp. 797-803; 
Clarke, R., Shipley, M., Collins, R., Underestimation of risk associations due to regression dilution in long-term follow-up of prospective studies Am J Epidemiol, , in press; 
Reid, D.D., Brett, G.Z., Hamilton, P.J., Cardiorespiratory disease and diabetes among middle-aged male civil servants: A study of screening and intervention (1974) Lancet, 1, pp. 469-473; 
Reid, D.D., Hamilton, P.J.S., McCartney, P., Smoking and other risk factors for coronary heart disease (1976) Lancet, 2, pp. 979-984; 
Richie, K., Fuhrer, R., A comparative study of the performance of screening tests for senile dementia using receiver operating characteristics analysis (1992) J Clin Epidemiol, 45, pp. 627-637; 
Blessed, G., Tomlinson, B.E., Roth, M., The association between quantitative measures of dementia and of senile change in the cerebral gray matter of elderly subjects (1968) Br J Psychiatry, 149, pp. 698-709; 
Shipley, M.J., Pocock, S.J., Marmot, M.G., Does plasma cholesterol concentration predict mortality from coronary heart disease in elderly people? 18-year follow-up in the Whitehall study (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 98-102; 
Davey-Smith, G., Shipley, M.J., Marmot, M., Plasma cholesterol and mortality: The Whitehall study (1992) JAMA, 267, pp. 70-76; 
Parish, S., Peto, R., Collins, R., Cigarette smoking, tar yields and non-fatal myocardial infarction: 14000 cases and 32000 controls in the United Kingdom (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 471-477; 
Youngman, L.D., Lyon, V., Collins, R., Problems with mailed blood in large scale epidemiological studies and methods of correction (1993) FASEB J, 1, p. 377; 
Breeze, E., Trevor, G., Wilmot, A., (1991) The General Household Survey 1989, , London: HMSO; 
Rowlands, O., Singleton, N., Maher, J., (1996) Living in Britain in the 1995 General Household Survey, , London: HMSO
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Trends in cigarette smoking habits in The Netherlands in relation to age, gender and educational level 1987-1991
T2  - European Journal of Public Health
J2  - Eur. J. Public Health
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
SP  - 160
EP  - 165
PY  - 1998
SN  - 11011262 (ISSN) 
AU  - Smit, H.A.
AU  - Kromhout, D.
AD  - Dept. Chron. Dis. Environ. E., Natl. Inst. Pub. Hlth. Environ. P., Bilthoven, Netherlands
AD  - Division of Public Health Research, Natl. Inst. Pub. Hlth. Environ. P., Bilthoven, Netherlands
AD  - Natl. Inst. Pub. Hlth. Environ. P., P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands
AB  - The objective of the study was to obtain information on recent trends in smoking habits in socioeconomic subgroups (gender, age and educational level) in The Netherlands. The data were analysed from the Monitoring Project on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors yearly cross-sectional surveys that were performed between 1987 and 1991. Each year a random sample of men and women aged 20-59 years in three towns in The Netherlands was invited to participate in the study. The overall response rate was 50% for men and 57% for women. A total of over 36,000 subjects participated in the study. The age- standardized prevalence of current, former and never smoking was the outcome measure. Data on smoking habits were collected by means of a self- administered questionnaire. The age-standardized smoking prevalence between 1987 and 1991 fell from 41.4 to 38.9% in men (-0.5 percentage points per year and 95% Cl: -1.0 to -0.02) and from 42.0 to 38.2% in women (-0.8 percentage points per year and 95% Cl: -1.3 to -0.3). The prevalence of current smoking decreased in men with low education and in women with low and intermediate/high education. In the 1961-1970 birth cohort of men with intermediate/high education a relatively large increase of 2.8 percentage points (95% Cl: 1.0-4.5) per year was observed. The decrease in smoking prevalence observed between 1987 and 1991 was small compared to the period before 1987. Differences in the magnitude and direction of trends were observed between birth cohorts and educational levels. The results of the study emphasize the need for an approach that is targeted toward specific sociodemographic subgroups.
KW  - Smoking prevalence
KW  - Trend
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - education
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - male
KW  - netherlands
KW  - normal human
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - sex difference
N1  - Cited By :1
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EJPHF
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Smit, H.A.; National Institute of Public Health, Environmental Protection, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands; email: jet.smit@rivm.nl
N1  - References: (1995) Annual Report 1994, , The Hague: Foundation of Public Health and Smoking, in Dutch; 
Van Reek, J., Smoking behaviour in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom: 1958-1982 (1984) Rev Epidemiol Santé Publ, 32, pp. 383-390; 
Wijga, A., Smit, H.A., Kromhout, D., Trends in smoking prevalence from 1974 to 1986 in young adults in the Netherlands (1994) Rev Epidemiol Santé Publ, 42, pp. 542-547; 
Verschuren, W.M.M., Van Leer, E., Blokstra, A., Cardiovascular risk factors in the Netherlands (1993) Neth J Cardiol, 4, pp. 205-210; 
De Bruin, A., Picavet, H.S.J., Nossikov, A., (1996) Health Interview Surveys: Towards International Harmonization of Methods and Instruments, , Copenhagen: WHO Regional Publications; 
(1996) Statistical Yearbook 1996, , 's-Gravenhage: Sdu/uitgeverij, in Dutch; 
(1989) SAS/STAT User's Guide. Version 6, 4th Edn., 1-2. , Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; 
Burns, D.M., Tobacco smoking (1994) Epidemiology of Lung Cancer, pp. 15-50. , Samet JM, editor. New York: Marcel Dekker; 
Britten, N., Validity of claims to lifelong non-smoking at age 36 in a longitudinal study (1988) Int J Epidemiol, 17, pp. 525-529; 
Van De Mheen, P.J., Gunning-Schepers, U., Reported prevalences of former smokers in survey data: The importance of differential mortality and misclassification (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 140, pp. 52-57; 
Giovino, G.A., Schooley, M.W., Zhu, B.P., Surveillance for selected tobacco-use behaviors-United States, 1900-1994 (1994) MMWR, 43, pp. 1-43; 
Osler, M., Smoking habits in Denmark from 1953 to 1991: A comparative analysis of results from three nationwide health surveys among adult Danes in 1953-1954, 1986-1987 and 1990-1991 (1992) Int J Epidemiol, 21, pp. 862-871; 
Pierce, J.P., Fiore, M.C., Novotny, T.E., Trends in cigarette smoking in the United States: Educational differences are increasing (1989) JAMA, 261, pp. 56-60; 
Pierce, J.P., International comparisons of trends in cigarette smoking prevalence (1989) Am J Public Hlth, 79, pp. 152-157; 
Warner, K.E., Effects of the antismoking campaign: An update (1989) Am J Public Hlth, 79, pp. 144-151; 
Brownson, R.C., Jackson-Thompson, J., Wilkerson, J.C., Demographic and socioeconomic differences in beliefs about the health effects of smoking (1992) Am J Public Hlth, 82, pp. 99-103; 
Townsend, J., Roderick, P., Cooper, J., Cigarette smoking by socioeconomic group, sex, and age: Effects of price, income, and health publicity (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 923-927; 
Pierce, J.P., Lee, L., Gilpin, E.A., Smoking initiation by adolescent girls, 1944 through 1988: An association with targeted advertising (1994) JAMA, 271, pp. 608-611; 
Davis, R.M., Current trends in cigarette advertising and marketing (1987) N Engl J Med, 316, pp. 725-732
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The relationship between parental separation in childhood and problem drinking in adulthood
T2  - Addiction
J2  - Addiction
VL  - 93
IS  - 4
SP  - 505
EP  - 514
PY  - 1998
SN  - 09652140 (ISSN) 
AU  - Hope, S.
AU  - Power, C.
AU  - Rodgers, B.
AD  - Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
AD  - NH and MRC Psychiat. Epidemiol. R., Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
AD  - Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WCIN 1EH, United Kingdom
AB  - Aims. To investigate the association between parental separation and alcohol consumption and problem drinking in early adulthood (at ages 23 and 33). Design. The study used longitudinal data from the 1958 British birth cohort study, a large representative national sample followed to age 33. Setting. Great Britain. Participants. 11,407 subjects were interviewed at age 33 in 1991 (69% of the target population). Analyses are based on 4606 men and 4892 women with data at ages 23 and 33. Measurements. Units of alcohol consumed in the previous week at ages 23 and 33. Heavy drinking was defined as more than 20 units/week (women) and more than 35 units/week (men). Problem drinking was indicated by the four-item CAGE measure. Information on parental separation was reported by subjects at age 33; parental deaths were ascertained from data recorded in childhood sweeps of the survey. Findings. At age 23, the relationship between parental separation and alcohol consumption was weak and inconsistent, but by age 33 a stronger and more consistent relationship had emerged. Higher levels of alcohol consumption, heavy drinking and problem drinking (odds ratios 1.29-1.90) were found for those who had experienced parental divorce in childhood, but not later parental divorce or parental death. These results were not substantially attenuated by possible mediating factors, such as marital status or socio-economic circumstances. Conclusions. The risk associated with early parental divorce appeared to strengthen between ages 23 and 33. Life-course factors influencing the manifestation of alcohol problems in those from divorced families need to be identified.
KW  - alcohol
KW  - adult
KW  - alcohol abuse
KW  - alcohol consumption
KW  - article
KW  - child parent relation
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - death
KW  - divorce
KW  - drinking behavior
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - interview
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - marriage
KW  - risk factor
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Alcohol Drinking
KW  - Alcoholism
KW  - Divorce
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Life Change Events
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
N1  - Cited By :59
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ADICE
C2  - 9684389
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hope, S.; Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Amato, P.R., Keith, B., Parental divorce and adult well-being: A meta-analysis (1991) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, pp. 43-58; 
Amato, P.R., Keith, B., Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A meta-analysis (1991) Psychological Bulletin, 110, pp. 26-46; 
Aseltine, R.H., Pathways linking parental divorce with adolescent depression (1996) Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 37, pp. 133-148; 
Bell, D.S., Champion, R.A., Deviancy, delinquency and drug use (1979) British Journal of Psychiatry, 134, pp. 269-276; 
Bennett, N., Jarvis, L., Rowlands, O., Singleton, N., Haselden, L., (1996) Living in Britain: Results from the 1994 General Household Survey, pp. 113-135. , London, HMSO; 
Bernadt, M.W., Taylor, C., Mumford, J., Smith, B., Murray, R.M., Comparison of questionnaire and laboratory tests in the detection of excessive drinking and alcoholism (1982) Lancet, 1, pp. 325-328; 
Breier, A., Kelsoe, J.R., Kirwin, P.D., Beller, S.A., Wolkowitz, O.M., Pickar, D., Early parental loss and development of adult psychopathology (1988) Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, pp. 987-993; 
Dunbar, G.C., Morgan, D.D.V., The changing pattern of alcohol consumption in England and Wales 1978-85 (1987) British Medical Journal, 295, pp. 807-810; 
Estaugh, V., Power, C., Family disruption in early life and drinking in young adulthood (1991) Alcohol and Alcoholism, 26, pp. 639-644; 
Ewing, J.A., Detecting alcoholism-the CAGE questionnaire (1984) Journal of the American Medical Association, 252, pp. 1905-1907; 
Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London, National Children's Bureau and City University; 
Glenn, N.D., Kramer, K.B., The marriages and divorces of the children of divorce (1987) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, pp. 811-825; 
Gomberg, E.S.L., Lisansky, J.M., Antecedents of alcohol problems in women (1984) Alcohol Problems in Women: Antecedents, Consequences and Interventions, pp. 233-259. , WILSNACK, S. C. & BECKMAN, L. J. (Eds) (London, Guilford Press); 
Hartka, E., Fillmore, K.M., Cross-cultural and cross-temporal explanations of drinking behavior -c ontributions from epidemiology, life-span developmental psychology and the sociology of aging (1989) British Journal of Addiction, 84, pp. 1409-1417; 
Hedges, B., Alcohol consumption (1996) Health Survey for England 1994, pp. 337-368. , COLHOUN, H. & PRESCOTT-CLARKE, P. (Eds) (London, HMSO); 
Hetherington, E.M., Effects of father absence on personality development in adolescent daughters (1972) Developmental Psychology, 7, pp. 313-326; 
Higley, J.D., Hasert, M.F., Suomi, S.J., Linnoila, M., Nonhuman primate model of alcohol abuse: Effects of early experience, personality, and stress on alcohol consumption (1991) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 88, pp. 7261-7265; 
Kalter, N., Long-term effects of divorce on children: A developmental vulnerability model (1987) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, pp. 587-600; 
Kendler, K.S., Neale, M.C., Prescott, C.A., Childhood parental loss and alcoholism in women: A causal analysis using a twin-family design (1996) Psychological Medicine, 26, pp. 79-95; 
Koller, K.M., Williams, W.T., Early parental deprivation and later behavioural outcomes: Cluster analysis study of normal and abnormal groups (1974) Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 8, pp. 89-96; 
Kuh, D., Maclean, M., Women's childhood experience of parental separation and their subsequent health and socioeconomic status in adulthood (1990) Journal of Biosocial Science, 22, pp. 1221-2135; 
Maughan, B., Mccarthy, G., Childhood adversities and psychosocial disorders (1997) British Medical Bulletin, 53, pp. 156-169; 
Mayfield, D., Mcleod, G., Hall, P., The CAGE questionnaire: Validation of a new alcoholism screening instrument (1974) American Journal of Psychiatry, 131, pp. 1121-1123; 
Mullen, P.E., Martin, J.C., Anderson, J.C., Romans, S.E., Herbison, G.P., The long-term impact of the physical, emotional, and sexual abuse of children: A community study (1996) Child Abuse and Neglect, 20, pp. 7-21; 
Parker, G., Early environment (1992) Handbook of Affective Disorders, pp. 171-183. , PAYKEL, E. S. (Ed.) (New York, Guilford Press); 
Pope, H., Mueller, C.W., The intergenerational transmission of marital stability: Comparisons by race and sex (1976) Journal of Social Issues, 32, pp. 49-66; 
Power, C., Estaugh, V., The role of family formation and dissolution in shaping drinking behaviour in early adulthood (1990) British Journal of Addiction, 85, pp. 521-530; 
Power, C., Matthews, S., Manor, O., Inequalities in self-rated health in the 1958 birth cohort: Life time social circumstances or social mobility? (1996) British Medical Journal, 313, pp. 449-453; 
Rodgers, B., Pathways between parental divorce and adult depression (1994) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, pp. 1289-1308; 
Rodgers, B., Power, C., Hope, S., Parental divorce and adult psychological distress: Evidence from a national birth cohort (1997) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, pp. 867-872; 
(1987) A Great and Growing Evil: The Medical Consequences of Alcohol Abuse, , London, Tavistock; 
(1986) Alcohol Our Favourite Drug, , London, Tavistock; 
Sieber, M.F., Angst, J., Alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis: 12-year longitudinal associations with antecedent social context and personality (1990) Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 25, pp. 281-292; 
Smart, R.G., Adlaf, E.M., Knoke, D., Use of the CAGE scale in a population survey of drinking (1991) Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 52, pp. 593-596; 
Tennant, C., Parental loss in childhood (1988) Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, pp. 1045-1050; 
Tennant, C., Bernardi, E., Childhood loss in alcoholics and narcotic addicts (1988) British Journal of Addiction, 83, pp. 695-703; 
Tennant, F.S., Detels, R., Clark, V., Some childhood antecedents of drug and alcohol abuse (1975) American Journal of Epidemiology, 102, pp. 377-385; 
Wallerstein, J.S., Corbin, S.B., Daughters of divorce: Report from a ten-year follow-up (1989) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 59, pp. 593-604; 
Weissman, M.M., Klerman, G.L., Sex differences and the epidemiology of depression (1977) Archives of General Psychiatry, 34, pp. 98-111; 
Whichelow, M.J., Trends in alcohol consumption (1993) Health and Lifestyle Survey: Seven Years on, pp. 237-255. , Cox, B. D., HUPPERT, F. A. & WHICHELOW, M. J. (Eds) (Aldershot, Dartmouth); 
Wilsnack, R.W., Wilsnack, S.C., Klassen, A.D., Women's drinking and drinking problems: Patterns from a 1981 national survey (1984) American Journal of Public Health, 74, pp. 1231-1238; 
Wilson, P., (1980) Drinking in England and Wales, , London, HMSO
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031956335&partnerID=40&md5=f37f4cd3bf1d301a186a4ccf03c736b6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Oral contraception and eye disease: Findings in two large cohort studies
T2  - British Journal of Ophthalmology
J2  - Br. J. Ophthalmol.
VL  - 82
IS  - 5
SP  - 538
EP  - 542
PY  - 1998
SN  - 00071161 (ISSN) 
AU  - Vessey, M.P.
AU  - Hannaford, P.
AU  - Mant, J.
AU  - Painter, R.
AU  - Frith, P.
AU  - Chappel, D.
AD  - Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of General Practice and Primary Care, Foresterhill Health Centre, Aberdeen AB25 2AY, United Kingdom
AD  - Oxford Eye Hospital, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Medical School, Newcastle on Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
AB  - Aim - To investigate the relation between oral contraceptive use and certain eye diseases. Methods - Abstraction of the relevant data from the two large British cohort studies of the effects of oral contraception, the Royal College of General Practitioners' (RCGP) Oral Contraception Study and the Oxford-Family Planning Association (Oxford-FPA) Contraceptive Study. Both cohort studies commenced in 1968 and were organised on a national basis. Between them they have accumulated over 850,000 person years of observation involving 63,000 women. Results - The conditions considered in the analysis were conjunctivitis, keratitis, iritis, lacrimal disease, strabismus, cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and retinal vascular lesions. With the exception of retinal vascular lesions, there was no consistent evidence of important increases in risk of eye diseases in users of oral contraception. There was about a twofold increase in the risk of retinal vascular lesions in recent pill users in both studies (statistically significant only in the RCGP study). The increase was not limited to any specific type of lesion and may well reflect diagnostic bias. Conclusion - Oral contraceptive use does not appear to increase the risk of eye disease, with the possible exception of retinal vascular lesions.
The relationship between oral contraceptive (OC) use and eye disease was investigated through abstraction of salient data from the two large British cohort studies of the effects of OCs: the Royal College of General Practitioners' (RCGP) OC Study and the Oxford-Family Planning Association (FPA) Contraception Study. Together, these studies have accumulated over 850,000 person-years of observation since 1968 involving 63,000 women. The conditions considered in the analysis were conjunctivitis, keratitis, iritis, lacrimal disease, strabismus, cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment, and retinal vascular lesions. The only eye disease for which there was consistent evidence of a notable increase in risk in OC users was retinal vascular lesions. The relative risk of retinal vascular lesions in OC users compared to never users was 2.0 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-3.8) in the RCGP data set and 2.4 (95% CI, 0.4-9.2) in the Oxford-FPA Study. This increased risk was not concentrated in any one diagnostic category (e.g., retinal vascular occlusion, retinal vein thrombosis, retinal hemorrhage).
KW  - oral contraceptive agent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cataract
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - conjunctivitis
KW  - data analysis
KW  - eye disease
KW  - female
KW  - glaucoma
KW  - human
KW  - iritis
KW  - keratitis
KW  - lacrimal gland disease
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - priority journal
KW  - retina detachment
KW  - retina vasculitis
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - strabismus
KW  - Biology
KW  - Cohort Analysis
KW  - Contraception
KW  - Contraceptive Methods--side effects
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - England
KW  - Europe
KW  - Family Planning
KW  - Northern Europe
KW  - Ophthalmological Effects--women
KW  - Oral Contraceptives--side effects
KW  - Physiology
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Research Report
KW  - Studies
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Women
KW  - Adult
KW  - Bias (Epidemiology)
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Contraceptives, Oral
KW  - Eye Diseases
KW  - Family Practice
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Retinal Diseases
KW  - Retinal Vessels
N1  - Cited By :37
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJOPA
C2  - 9722322
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Vessey, M.P.; Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Contraceptives, Oral
N1  - References: Wood, J.R., Ocular complications of oral contraceptives (1977) Ophthalmic Sem, 2, pp. 371-402; 
Garg, S.K., Chase, P., Marshall, G., Oral contraceptives and renal and retinal complications in young women with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (1994) JAMA, 271, pp. 1099-1102; 
Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Ritter, L.L., Is there evidence of an estrogen effect on age related lens opacities? The Beaver Dam Eye Study (1994) Arch Ophthalmol, 112, pp. 85-91; 
Cumming, R.G., Mitchell, P., Hormone replacement therapy, reproductive factors, and cataract. The Blue Mountains Eye Study (1997) Am J Epidemiol, 145, pp. 242-249; 
(1974) Oral Contraceptives and Health, , London: Pitman Medical; 
Vessey, M.P., Doll, R., Peto, R., A long-term follow-up study of women using different methods of contraception - An interim report (1976) J Biosoc Sci, 8, pp. 373-427; 
Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1987) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Vol II. The Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies, 2. , Lyons: IARC; 
Thorogood, M., Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease: An epidemiologic overview (1993) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Safey, 2, pp. 3-16; 
Radnot, M., Follmann, P., Ocular side-effects of oral contraceptives (1973) Ann Clin Res, 5, pp. 197-204; 
Varga, M., Recent experiences on the ophthalmologic complications of oral contraceptives (1976) Ann Ophthalmol, 8, pp. 925-934; 
Hannaford, P.C., Kay, C.R., Vessey, M.P., Combined oral contraceptives and liver disease (1997) Contraception, 55, pp. 145-151; 
Beral, V., Hermon, C., Kay, C., Mortality in relation to method of follow-up in the Royal College of General Practioners' Oral Contraception Study (1996) Evidence-guided Prescribing of the Pill, pp. 327-339. , Hannaford PC, Webb AMC, eds. Parthenon: Carnforth
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031750608&partnerID=40&md5=53c0a4f60f35b31f277166482cc9dc9f
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Trends in colorectal cancer incidence in Sweden 1959-93 by gender, localization, time period, and birth cohort
T2  - Cancer Causes and Control
J2  - Cancer Causes Control
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
SP  - 145
EP  - 152
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1023/A:1008826109697
SN  - 09575243 (ISSN) 
AU  - Thörn, M.
AU  - Bergström, R.
AU  - Kressner, U.
AU  - Sparén, P.
AU  - Zack, M.
AU  - Ekbom, A.
AD  - Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
AD  - Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Department of Statistics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
AD  - Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, United States
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
AD  - Department of Surgery, University Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
AB  - Objectives: This study examined invasive colorectal cancer incidence- rates in Sweden from 1959 through 1993 (n = 134,643 cases). Methods: Age- standardized rates were calculated using the Swedish population in 1970 as a reference. Results: In right-sided colon cancer (ascending and transverse colon including right and left flexures), male age-standardized rates rose from 8.0 to 15.0 (1.8 percent annually, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.3-2.4) and female rates increased from 9.1 to 14.4 (1.5 percent annually, CI = 1.0-2.0). For left-sided colon cancer (descending and sigmoid colon), the rates have been stable recently. For rectal cancer, the rates among men rose from 18.8 to 23.0 and among women from 10.7 to 14.7. For both men and women, the relative risk (RR) of right-sided colon cancer had been increasing in successive generations, until leveling-off in those born after 1930. The RR of left-sided colon cancer had been almost constant for cohorts born before 1930 but steadily decreasing in later-born cohorts. The RR of rectal cancer was slightly increasing in successive cohorts. Conclusions: Changes in lifestyle or carcinogenic exposures during early life probably explain Swedish colorectal cancer incidence-trends better than improved diagnostic activities.
KW  - Age factors
KW  - Cohort studies
KW  - Colonic neoplasms
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Rectal neoplasms
KW  - Sweden
KW  - carcinogen
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - colorectal cancer
KW  - environmental exposure
KW  - female
KW  - gender
KW  - human
KW  - lifestyle
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - sweden
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Carcinogens
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Colonic Neoplasms
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Life Style
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Rectal Neoplasms
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Sweden
N1  - Cited By :36
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CCCNE
C2  - 9578291
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Thorn, M.; Department of Surgery, University Hospital, S 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Carcinogens
N1  - Funding details: SLS, Svenska Läkaresällskapet
N1  - Funding details: S-751, HSPH, Harvard School of Public Health
N1  - Funding details: Department of Surgery
N1  - Funding details: Uppsala Universitet
N1  - Funding text: Drs Thörn and Kressner are with the Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. Authors are also affiliated with the Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm (Drs Thörn, Bergström, Sparén, and Ekbom); Department of Statistics, Uppsala University, Uppsala (Dr Bergström); Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA (Dr Zack); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA (Dr Ekbom). Address correspondence to Dr Thörn, Department of Surgery, University Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. This study was supported by research grants from the Swedish Society of Medicine.
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Cancer Incidence in Sweden 1959-1993, , Stockholm, Sweden: National Board of Health and Welfare, 1961-96; 
Muir, C., Waterhouse, J., Mack, T., Powell, J., Whelan, S., (1987) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, 5. , Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 
Boyle, P., Zaridze, D.G., Smans, M., Descriptive epidemiology of colorectal cancer (1985) Int J Cancer, 36, pp. 9-18; 
Bean, R.W., Melton III, L.J., Maruta, M., Dockerty, M.B., Frydenberg, H.B., O'Fallen, W.M., Trends in right and left-sided colon cancer (1983) Dis Colon Rectum, 26, pp. 393-398; 
Vobecky, J., Leduc, C., Devroede, G., Sex differences in the changing anatomic distribution of colorectal carcinoma (1984) Cancer, 54, pp. 3065-3069; 
Ghahremani, G.G., Dowlatshahi, K., Colorectal carcinomas: Diagnostic implications of their changing frequency and anatomic distribution (1989) World J Surg, 13, pp. 321-324. , Discussion 324-5; 
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Jensen, O.M., Different age and sex relationship for cancer of the subsites of the large bowel (1984) Br J Cancer, 50, pp. 825-829; 
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Dubrow, R., Bernstein, J., Holford, T.R., Age-period-cohort- modelling of large-bowel-cancer incidence by anatomic sub-site and sex in Connecticut (1993) Int J Cancer, 53, pp. 907-913; 
Johansen, C., Mellemgaard, A., Skov, T., Kjaergaard, J., Lynge, E., Colorectal cancer in Denmark 1943-1988 (1993) Int J Colorect Dis, 8, pp. 42-47; 
Dubrow, R., Johansen, C., Skov, T., Holford, T.R., Age-period-cohort modelling of large-bowel-cancer incidence by anatomic sub-site and sex in Denmark (1994) Int J Cancer, 58, pp. 324-329; 
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Fleiss, J.L., The standardization of rates (1981) Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, pp. 237-255. , Fleiss JL. New York, NY (USA): John Wiley and Sons; 
McCullagh, P., Neider, J.A., (1989) Generalized Linear Models (2nd Edition), , London, England (UK): Chapman & Hill; 
Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. II. Age-period-cohort model (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 469-481; 
Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. I. Age-period and age-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 449-467; 
Jass, J.R., Path, M.R.C., Do all colorectal carcinomas arise in preexisting adenomas? (1989) World J Surg, 13, pp. 45-51; 
Eddy, D.M., Screening for colorectal cancer (1990) Ann Intern Med, 113, pp. 373-384; 
Desigan, G., Wang, M., Alberti-Flor, J., Dunn, G.D., Halter, S., Vaughan, S., De novo carcinoma of the rectum: A case report (1985) Am J Gastroenterol, 80, pp. 553-556; 
Shamsuddin, A.M., Kato, Y., Kunishima, N., Sugano, H., Trump, B.F., Carcinoma in situ in nonpolyploid mucosa of the large intestine. Report of a case with significance in strategies for early detection (1985) Cancer, 56, pp. 2849-2854; 
Bedenne, L., Faivre, J., Boutron, M.C., Piard, F., Cauvin, J.M., Hillon, P., Adenocarcinoma sequence or 'de novo' carcinogenesis? A study of adenomatous remnants in a population-based series of large bowel cancers (1992) Cancer, 69, pp. 883-888; 
Sato, M., Ahnen, D.J., Regional variability of colonocyte growth and differentiation in the rat (1992) Anat Rec, 233, pp. 409-414; 
Sato, M., Yamada, K., Ahnan, D.J., Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in human colonic mucosa (1990) Gastroenterology, 98, pp. A307; 
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Vena, J., Graham, S., Zielezny, M., Swanson, M.K., Barnes, R.E., Nolan, J., Lifetime occupational exercise and colon cancer (1985) Am J Epidemiol, 122, pp. 357-365; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031896554&doi=10.1023%2fA%3a1008826109697&partnerID=40&md5=103500c870fc226a2e5b898c0a7fafb2
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in British 26 year olds: National longitudinal birth cohort
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - Br. Med. J.
VL  - 316
IS  - 7137
SP  - 1058
EP  - 1059
PY  - 1998
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Montgomery, S.M.
AU  - Morris, D.L.
AU  - Thompson, N.P.
AU  - Subhani, J.
AU  - Pounder, R.E.
AU  - Wakefield, A.J.
AD  - University Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, School of Medicine, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - crohn disease
KW  - enteritis
KW  - gender
KW  - human
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - normal human
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - social class
KW  - ulcerative colitis
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Colitis, Ulcerative
KW  - Crohn Disease
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Social Class
N1  - Cited By :40
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 9552907
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Montgomery, S.M.; University Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, School of Medicine, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom; email: smm@rfhsm.ac.uk
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Keighley, A., Miller, D.S., Hughes, A.O., Langman, M.J.S., The demographic and social characteristics of patients with Crohn's disease in the Nottingham area (1976) Scand J Gastroenterol, 2, pp. 293-296; 
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Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J.M., Montgomery, S.M., Shepherd, P., (1993) Au Integrated Approach to the Design and Analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS) 1993, , London; Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, (Intercohort analysis working paper 1.); 
Montgomery, S.M., Pounder, R.E., Wakefield, A.J., Infant mortality and the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (1997) Lancet, 349, pp. 472-473
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032481824&partnerID=40&md5=859345cba00f6006eec95bbe8e218855
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Unemployment, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and body weight in young British men
T2  - European Journal of Public Health
J2  - Eur. J. Public Health
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
SP  - 21
EP  - 27
PY  - 1998
SN  - 11011262 (ISSN) 
AU  - Montgomery, S.M.
AU  - Cook, D.G.
AU  - Bartley, M.J.
AU  - Wadsworth, M.E.J.
AD  - University Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Public Health Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Univ. College London Medical School, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC Natl. Surv. of Hlth. and Devmt., Univ. College London Medical School, United Kingdom
AD  - University Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, School of Medicine, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
AB  - The relationship of unemployment experienced between the ages of 16 and 33 years with smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity was examined in 2,887 men who were members of the 1958 longitudinal British birth cohort study (NCDS). Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, measured as units consumed in the past week and as problem drinking using the CAGE questionnaire and the body mass index (BMI) were measured at age 33 years. Both the amount of unemployment accumulated between the ages of 16 and 33 years and recent unemployment experienced in the year prior to interview at age 33 years were examined. When compared with men who had never been unemployed, the adjusted relative odds amongst men with over three years of accumulated unemployment (after adjustment for possible confounding socioeconomic and behavioural factors measured prior to unemployment) were 2.11 (95% CI: 1.42-3.12) for smoking, 2.13 (95% CI: 1.32-3.42) for a low BMI and non-significant for a high BMI; 1.52 (95% CI: 1.04-2.24) for no alcohol consumed; non-significant for high alcohol consumption, but 2.15 (95% CI: 1.39-3.33) for problem drinking. Men who had experienced unemployment in the year prior to the interview, compared to those who had not, after adjustment, were significantly more likely to smoke (RO 2.92, 95% CI: 2.13-4.01), drink heavily (RO 1.73, 95% CI: 1.18-2.54) and to have a drink problem (RO 2.90, 95% CI: 1.99-4.21). Unemployment may play a significant part in establishing life-long patterns of hazardous behaviour in young men.
KW  - Alcohol
KW  - Body mass index
KW  - Cigarette smoking
KW  - Unemployment
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - alcohol consumption
KW  - alcoholism
KW  - article
KW  - body mass
KW  - body weight
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - drinking behavior
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - obesity
KW  - priority journal
KW  - unemployment
KW  - united kingdom
N1  - Cited By :90
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EJPHF
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Montgomery, S.M.; University Department of Medicine, Royal Free Hosp. School of Medicine, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Cook, D.G., Cummins, R.O., Bartley, M.J., Shaper, A.G., Health of unemployed middle aged men in Great Britain (1982) Lancet, 1, pp. 1290-1294; 
Daniel, W.W., Stilgoe, E., Where are they now? A follow up study of the unemployed (1979) Political Econ Plan; 
Moylan, S., Davies, R., The disadvantages of the unemployed (1980) Employment Gazette, 88, pp. 830-832; 
Moylan, S., Millar, J., Davies, R., (1984) For Richer, for Poorer: DHSS Cohort Study of Unemployed Men, , London: HMSO; 
Moser, K.A., Fox, A.J., Jones, D.R., Unemployment and mortality in the OPCS longitudinal study (1984) Lancet, 2, pp. 1324-1328; 
Moser, K.A., Goldblatt, P.O., Fox, A.J., Jones, D.R., Unemployment and mortality: Comparison of the 1971 and 1981 longitudinal study samples (1987) BMJ, 294, pp. 86-90; 
Morris, J.K., Cook, D.G., Shaper, A.G., Loss of employment and mortality (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 1135-1139; 
Cook, D.G., A critical view of the unemployment and health debate (1985) Statistician, 34, pp. 73-82; 
Wagstaff, A., Unemployment and health: Some pitfalls for the unwary (1986) Hlth Trends, 18, pp. 79-81; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1986) Class and Health, pp. 50-74. , Wilkinson RG, editor. Cambridge: Tavistock; 
Robinson, N., Yateman, N.A., Protopapa, L.E., Bush, L., Unemployment and diabetes (1989) Diabetic Med, 6, pp. 797-803; 
Clausen, B., Bjorndal, A., Hjort, P.F., Health and re-employment in a two year follow-up of long term unemployed (1993) J Epidemiol Commun Hlth, 47, pp. 14-18; 
Smith, R., (1987) Unemployment and Health: A Disaster and a Challenge, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Jahoda, M., The impact of unemployment in the 1930s and the 1970s (1979) Bull Br Psychol Soc, 32, pp. 309-314; 
Warr, P.B., Job loss, unemployment and psychological well-being (1984) Role Transitions, , Allen V, Van de Vliert E, editors. New York: Plenum Press; 
Warr, P.B., (1987) Work, Unemployment and Mental Health, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Isakson, K., Unemployment and mental health and the psychological function of work in male welfare clients in Stockholm (1989) Scand J Soc Med, 17, pp. 165-169; 
Banks, M.H., Jackson, P.R., Unemployment and the risk of minor psychiatric disorder in young people: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence (1982) Psychol Med, 12, pp. 189-198; 
White, M., (1991) Against Unemployment, , London: Policy Studies Institute; 
Whelan, C.T., The role of income, life-style deprivation and financial strain in mediating the impact of unemployment on psychological distress: Evidence from the Republic of Ireland (1992) J Occupat Organizat Psychol, 65, pp. 331-334; 
Morris, J.K., Cook, D.G., Shaper, A.G., Non-employment and changes in smoking, drinking and body weight (1992) BMJ, 304, pp. 536-541; 
Bartley, M.J., Unemployment and ill health: Understanding the relationship (1994) J Epidemiol Commun Hlth, 48, pp. 333-337; 
Hammarström, A., Janlert, U., Theorell, T., Youth unemployment and ill health: Results from a 2-year follow-up study (1988) Soc Sci Med, 26, pp. 1025-1033; 
Montgomery, S.M., The Relationship of Unemployment with Health and Health Behaviour in Young Men (Dissertation), , The City University, London; 
Lahelma, E., Kangas, R., Manderbacka, K., Drinking and unemployment: Contrasting patterns among men and women (1995) Drug Alcohol Depend, 37, pp. 71-82; 
Shepherd, P., (1985) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Background to the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , London: NCDS Working Paper No 1, Social Statistics Research Unit, City University; 
Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33, , London: National Children's Bureau; 
Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; 
Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., (1969) Perinatal Problems, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; 
Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and Class: The Early Years, , London: Chapman and Hall; 
Montgomery, S.M., Bartley, M.J., Cook, D.G., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Health and social precursors of unemployment in young men in Great Britain (1996) J Epidemiol Commun Hlth, 50, pp. 415-422; 
Liskow, B., Campbell, J., Nickel, E.J., Powel, B.J., Validity of the CAGE questionnaire in screening for alcohol dependence in a walk-in (triage) clinic (1995) J Studies Alcohol, 36 (3), pp. 277-281; 
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(1980) Classification of Occupations, , London: HMSO; 
Norusis, M., (1990) SPSS User's Guide, , Chicago: SPSS Inc; 
Plewis, I., (1985) Analysing Change, , London: Wiley; 
Hammarstrom, A., Health consequences of unemployment (1994) Public Hlth, 108, pp. 403-412; 
Bennet, N., Dodd, T., Flatley, J., Freeth, S., Boiling, K., (1995) The Health Survey for England 1993, , London: HMSO; 
Lee, P., Townsend, P., A study of inequality, low incomes and unemployment in London, 1985-92 (1994) Int Labour Rev, 133, pp. 579-595; 
Gregg, P., Wadsworth, J., A short history of labour turnover, job tenure and job security, 1975-93 (1995) Oxford Rev Econ Policy, 11 (1), pp. 73-90; 
Ferrie, J.E., Shipley, M.J., Marmot, M.G., Stansfeld, S., Davey Smith, G., Health effects of anticipation of job change and non-employment: Longitudinal data from the Whitehall II study (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 1264-1269; 
Corti, L., For better or worse? Annual change in smoking, self-assessed health and subjective well-being (1994) Changing Households, , Buck N, Gershuny J, Rose D, Scott J, editors. Manchester: ESRC Research Centre on Micro-Social Change; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031953964&partnerID=40&md5=f83e8e47fccc98e4a5871e7c4f7469ec
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Inequalities in mortality by social class measured at 3 stages of the lifecourse
T2  - American Journal of Public Health
J2  - Am. J. Public Health
VL  - 88
IS  - 3
SP  - 471
EP  - 474
PY  - 1998
SN  - 00900036 (ISSN) 
AU  - Hart, C.L.
AU  - Smith, G.D.
AU  - Blane, D.
AD  - Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross Westminster Med. Sch., London, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, 2 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow, G12 8RG, United Kingdom
AB  - Objectives. This study examined how social class, measured at 3 stages of life, contributes to mortality risk. Methods. A cohort of employed Scottish men (n = 5567) provided their fathers' occupation and their own first and current occupations, from which social class in childhood, at labor-market entry, and at screening (1970 to 1973) was determined. Relative rates of mortality and relative indices of inequality were calculated from 21 years of follow-up. Results. Mortality risk was similar at each stage of life, with men in the higher social classes having the lowest risk. Social class at screening produced the greatest relative indices of inequality. Conclusions. The widening of inequalities in mortality in adulthood suggests the importance of the accumulation of poor socioeconomic circumstances throughout life.
KW  - article
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cause of death
KW  - heart death
KW  - mortality
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - screening
KW  - social class
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cardiovascular Diseases
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Occupations
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Social Class
N1  - Cited By :66
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJPEA
C2  - 9518987
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hart, C.L.; Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, 2 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RG, United Kingdom
N1  - References: (1980) Inequalities in Health: Report of a Research Working Group, , London, England: Department of Health and Social Security; 
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Burr, M.L., Sweetnam, P.M., Family size and paternal unemployment in relation to myocardial infarction (1980) J. Epidemiol Community Health, 34, pp. 93-95; 
Notkola, V., Punsar, S., Karvonen, M.J., Haapakoski, J., Socio-economic conditions in childhood and mortality and morbidity caused by coronary heart disease in adulthood in rural Finland (1985) Soc Sci Med., 21, pp. 517-523; 
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Lundberg, O., The impact of childhood living conditions on illness and mortality in adulthood (1993) Soc Sci Med., 36, pp. 1047-1052; 
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Pamuk, E.R., Social class inequality in mortality from 1921 to 1972 in England and Wales (1985) Popul Stud., 39, pp. 17-31; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Education and occupational social class: Which is the more important indicator of mortality risk?
T2  - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
J2  - J. Epidemiol. Community Health
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
SP  - 153
EP  - 160
PY  - 1998
SN  - 0143005X (ISSN) 
AU  - Davey Smith, G.
AU  - Hart, C.
AU  - Hole, D.
AU  - MacKinnon, P.
AU  - Gillis, C.
AU  - Watt, G.
AU  - Blane, D.
AU  - Hawthorne, V.
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
AD  - West of Scotland Cancer Surveillance Unit, Ruchill Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of General Practice, University of Glasgow, Woodside Health Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
AD  - Academic Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London, United Kingdom
AD  - University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
AB  - Study objectives - In the UK, studies of socioeconomic differentials in mortality have generally relied upon occupational social class as the index of socioeconomic position, while in the US, measures based upon education have been widely used. These two measures have different characteristics; for example, social class can change throughout adult life, while education is unlikely to alter after early adulthood. Therefore different interpretations can be given to the mortality differentials that are seen. The objective of this analysis is to demonstrate the profile of mortality differentials, and the factors underlying these differentials, which are associated with the two socioeconomic measures. Design - Prospective observational study. Setting - 27 work places in the west of Scotland. Participants - 5749 men aged 35-64 who completed questionnaires and were examined between 1970 and 1973. Findings - At baseline, similar gradients between socioeconomic position and blood pressure, height, lung function, and smoking behaviour were seen, regardless of whether the education or social class measure was used. Manual social class and early termination of full time education were associated with higher blood pressure, shorter height, poorer lung function, and a higher prevalence smoking. Within education strata, graded association between smoking and social class remains strong, whereas within social class groups the relation between education and smoking is attenuated. Over 21 years of follow up, 1639 of the men died. Mortality from all causes and from three broad cause of death groups (cardiovascular disease, malignant disease, and other causes) showed similar associations with social class and education. For all cause of death groups, men in manual social classes and men who terminated full time education at an early age had higher death rates. Cardiovascular disease was the cause of death group most strongly associated with education, while the non-cardiovascular non-cancer category was the cause of death group most strongly associated with adulthood social class. The graded association between social class and all cause mortality remains strong and significant within education strata, whereas within social class strata the relation between education and mortality is less clear. Conclusions - As a single indicator of socioeconomic position occupational social class in adulthood is a better discriminator of socioeconomic differentials in mortality and smoking behaviour than is education. This argues against interpretations that see cultural - rather than material - resources as being the key determinants of socioeconomic differentials in health. The stronger association of education with death from cardiovascular causes than with other causes of death may reflect the function of education as an index of socioeconomic circumstances in early life, which appear to have a particular influence on the risk of cardiovascular disease.
KW  - educational status
KW  - medical geography
KW  - mortality risk
KW  - occupational risk
KW  - socioeconomic status
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - blood pressure
KW  - body height
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - cause of death
KW  - education
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - lung function
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - normal human
KW  - occupation
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - smoking
KW  - social class
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cardiovascular Diseases
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Forced Expiratory Volume
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Humans
KW  - Lung Diseases
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Proportional Hazards Models
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Social Class
KW  - UK
N1  - Cited By :433
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JECHD
C2  - 9616419
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Smith, G.D.; Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom
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Cox, D.R., Regression models and life tables (1972) J R Stat Soc B, 34, pp. 187-220; 
Harding, S., Social class differences in mortality of men: Recent evidence from the OPCS Longitudinal Study (1995) Population Trends, 80, pp. 31-37; 
(1986) Occupational Mortality 1979-1980, 1982-1983, , London: HMSO; 
Osborne, G.S., (1966) Scottish and English Schools, , London: Longmans; 
Hunter, S.L., (1972) The Scottish Educational System. 2nd Ed., , Oxford: Pergamon Press; 
Elo, I.T., Preston, S.H., Educational differentials in mortality: United States, 1979-85 (1996) Soc Sci Med, 42, pp. 47-57; 
Menchik, P.L., Economic status as a determinant of mortality among black and white older men: Does poverty kill? (1993) Population Studies, 47, pp. 427-436; 
Bosma, H., (1994) A Cross-cultural Comparison of the Role of Some Psychosocial Factors in the Etiology of Coronary Heart Disease, , Den Haag: CIP-DATA Koninklijke Bibliotheek; 
Seltzer, C.C., Jablon, S., Army rank and subsequent mortality by cause: 23-year follow-up (1977) Am J Epidemiol, 105, pp. 559-566; 
Holme, I., Helgeland, A., Hjermann, I., Leren, P., Lund-Larsen, P.G., Four-year mortality by some socio-economic indicators: The Oslo Study (1980) J Epidemiol Community Health, 34, pp. 48-52; 
Leigh, J.P., Direct and indirect effects of education on health (1983) Soc Sci Med, 17, pp. 227-234; 
Kenkel, D.S., Health behavior, health knowledge, and schooling (1991) Journal of Political Economy, 99, pp. 287-305; 
Farrell, P., Fuchs, V.R., Schooling and health: The cigarette connection (1982) J Health Econ, 1, pp. 217-230; 
Blane, D., Hart, C.L., Davey Smith, G., Gillis, C.R., Hole, D.J., Hawthorne, V.M., Association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with socioeconomic position during childhood and during adulthood (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 1434-1438; 
Barker, D.J.P., (1994) Mothers, Babies and Disease in Later Life, , London: BMJ Publications; 
Davey Smith, G., Hart, C., Blane, D., Gillis, C., Hawthorne, V., Lifetime socioeconomic position and mortality: Prospective observational study (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 547-552; 
Davey Smith, G., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Geographical and social class differentials in stroke mortality - The influence of early-life factors (1997) J Epidemiol Community Health, 51, pp. 134-137
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031911312&partnerID=40&md5=0d547e5304c7ec2a155f1bff7fbe2e28
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Epilepsy in young people: 23 year follow up of the British national child development study
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - Br. Med. J.
VL  - 316
IS  - 7128
SP  - 339
EP  - 342
PY  - 1998
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kurtz, Z.
AU  - Tookey, P.
AU  - Ross, E.
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, University College London Medical School, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Community Paediatrics, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London SE11 4QW, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective: To estimate the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy during childhood and early adult life in England, Scotland, and Wales. Design: Prospective study of 17,414 children born in England, Scotland, and Wales between 3 and 9 March 1958, followed up at 7, 11, 16, and 23 years of age, with a review of those with epilepsy at age 28. Subjects: People with epilepsy developing at or before age 23. Main outcome measures: The age specific incidence, cumulative incidence, and prevalence of epilepsy. Results: 124 young people had a confirmed diagnosis of epilepsy during their first 23 years (cumulative incidence 8.4 per 1000; 95% confidence interval 6.8 to 10.0). 6 had died by age 23. 46 (37%) had neurological impairment or another major health problem in addition to epilepsy. The prevalence of active epilepsy at age 23 was 6.3 per 1000 (4.9 to 7.7). Conclusions: A wide variety of seizure disorders is included under the term epilepsy. A third of cases had generalised seizures. In only a quarter was the onset of seizures attributed to a specific cause. Children with additional health problems were more likely to continue to have seizures in early adult life than those with epilepsy alone. 1 in 8 were prescribed drug treatment for 6 years or more after their last seizure. All deaths occurred in young adults over the age of 16.
KW  - anticonvulsive agent
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - epilepsy
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prospective study
KW  - seizure
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Development
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - England
KW  - Epilepsy
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Wales
N1  - Cited By :86
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 9487166
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Tookey, P.; Dept. Epidemiology Public Health, Institute of Child Health, Univ. Coll. London Medical School, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom; email: p.tookey@ich.ucl.ac.uk
N1  - References: Cowan, L.D., Bodensteiner, J.B., Leviton, A., Doherty, L., Presence of the epilepsies in children and adolescents (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 94-106; 
Holdsworth, J., Whitmore, K., A study of children with epilepsy attending normal schools (1974) Dev Med Child Nuron, 196, pp. 746-765; 
Stores, G., School children with epilepsy at risk for learning and behavioural problems (1978) Dev Med Child Neurol, 20, pp. 502-508; 
Brorson, L.O., Wranne, L., Long-term prognosis in childhood epilepsy: Survival and seizure prognosis (1957) Epilepsia, 28, pp. 324-330; 
Scambler, G., Sociological aspects of epilepsy (1987) Epilepsy, pp. 497-510. , Hopkins A, ed. London: Chapman and Hall; 
Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., Seizure disorder in the National Child Development Study (1983) Research Progress M Epilepsy, pp. 46-59. , Rose FC, ed. London: Pitman; 
Britten, N., Morgan, K., Pbc, F., Britten, H., Epilepsy and handicap from birth to age 36 (1986) Dev Med Child Neurol, 28, pp. 719-728; 
Sander, J.W., Shorvon, S.D., Incidence and prevalence studies in epilepsy and their methodological problems: A review (1987) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 50, pp. 829-839; 
Roger, J., Dravet, C., Bureau, M., Dreifuss, F.E., Wolf, P., (1992) Epileptic Syndromes in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence. 2nd Ed., , London: John Libbey; 
Reynolds, E.H., Changing view of prognosis of epilepsy (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 1112-1114; 
Ross, E.M., Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., Epilepsy in childhood: Findings from the national child development study (1980) B.MJ, 280, pp. 207-210; 
Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1965) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; 
Ed, F.K., Growing up in Great Britain (1983) Papers from the National Child Development Study. London: Macmillan; 
Power, C., A review of child health in the 1958 birth cohort: National child development study (1992) Pediatr Pninat Epidemiol, 6, pp. 81-110; 
Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1987) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Vol 2. the Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies, 2. , Lyons: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 
Classification, C.O., Proposal for the revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 389-398; 
Verity, C.M., Ross, E.M., Golding, J., Epilepsy in the first 10 years of life: Findings of the child health and education study (1992) BMJ, 305, pp. 857-861; 
Mamta, S., Natural history and prognosis of epilepsy: Report of a multi-institutional study in Japan (1981) Epilepsia, 22, pp. 35-53; 
Harrison, W.A., Taylor, D.G., Childhood seizures: A 25-year follow-up (1976) Lancet, 1, pp. 948-957; 
Hauser, W.A., Annegers, J.F., Elveback, L.R., Mortality in patients with epilepsy (1980) Epilepsia, 21, pp. 399-412; 
Gyh, L., Brodie, M.J., (1992) Sudden Death in Epilepsy: an Avoidable Outcome? J R Soc Med, 85, pp. 609-11
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032583859&partnerID=40&md5=ac24f619711ea8196b49d678f330ef2f
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Recurrence risks in offspring of adults with major heart defects: Results from first cohort of British collaborative study
T2  - Lancet
J2  - Lancet
VL  - 351
IS  - 9099
SP  - 311
EP  - 316
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)06486-6
SN  - 01406736 (ISSN) 
AU  - Burn, J.
AU  - Brennan, P.
AU  - Little, J.
AU  - Holloway, S.
AU  - Coffey, R.
AU  - Somerville, J.
AU  - Dennis, N.R.
AU  - Allan, L.
AU  - Arnold, R.
AU  - Deanfield, J.E.
AU  - Godman, M.
AU  - Houston, A.
AU  - Keeton, B.
AU  - Oakley, C.
AU  - Scott, O.
AU  - Silove, E.
AU  - Wilkinson, J.
AU  - Pembrey, M.
AU  - Hunter, A.S.
AD  - Clinical Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
AD  - Mothercare Unit of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
AD  - GUCH Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
AD  - Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Cardiol. Dept. Roy. Liverpool C., Liverpool, United Kingdom
AD  - Cardiology Department, Gt. Ormond St. Hosp. for Sick C., London, United Kingdom
AD  - Cardiology Department, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Clinical Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Killingbeck Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Human Genetics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AH, United Kingdom
AB  - Background. Congenital heart defects are generally assumed to have a multifactorial aetiology. We have tested this hypothesis by studying adults with heart defects and their families. Methods. We identified 1094 patients who survived surgery for major cardiac defects before 1970. We chose individuals with disturbance of situs or segmental connection, with atrioventricular septal defect or with tetralogy of Fallot. After exclusion and non-participation, 727 individuals were traced. Each was visited by an investigator and completed a detailed questionnaire. If possible, all 'normal' offspring were examined by a paediatric cardiologist. Findings. The 727 individuals had 393 live offspring. There were 71 miscarriages and five terminated pregnancies. Overall, we found recurrent heart defects in 16 liveborn offspring - a recurrence risk of 4.1%. This result differed significantly from sibling risk (2,1%; p = 0.021). More congenital heart defects occurred in the offspring of affected women than in those of affected men (p = 0.047); when all malformations (cardiac and non-cardiac) in the offspring were taken into account the excess was more significant (p = 0.032). We found an excess of miscarriages in the offspring of affected women (p = 0.001). In tetralogy of Fallot, heart defects occured in seven (3.1%) of 223 offspring, 12 (2.2%) of 539 siblings, five (0.3%) of 1575 second-degree relatives, and eight (0.3%) of 2728 third-degree relatives. Interpretation. Our findings do not support a polygenic basis for all heart defects. Atrioventricular septal defect seems to be a single-gene defect and tetralogy of Fallot a polygenic disorder with a small number of interacting genes. Our data suggest that isolated transposition of the great arteries is a sporadic defect.
KW  - article
KW  - congenital heart malformation
KW  - Fallot tetralogy
KW  - female
KW  - heart atrium septum defect
KW  - human
KW  - induced abortion
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - progeny
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - recurrence risk
KW  - sex difference
KW  - sibling
KW  - spontaneous abortion
PB  - Lancet Publishing Group
N1  - Cited By :253
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: LANCA
C2  - 9652610
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Burn, J.; Department of Human Genetics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AH, United Kingdom
N1  - Funding text: Acknowledgments We thank the British Heart Foundation, the Medical Research Council, the Borwick Trust, and Glaxo-Wellcome for financial support. We are especially grateful to our family visitors Paddy Walsh, Jenny Cole, Becky Coffrey, and Jean Le Gassicke for their role in data collection, and to Linda Burn for secretarial support. We also thank Anthea Stevenson for statistical and database assistance, and Martin Farrall (Head of Applications, Statistical Genetics Group, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK) for use of his computer-modelling program.
N1  - References: Pierpont, M.E.M., Gobel, J.W., Moller, J.H., Edwards, J.E., Cardiac malformations in relatives of children with truncus arteriosus or interruption of the aortic arch (1988) Am J Cardiol, 61, pp. 423-427; 
Williamson, E.M., A family study of atrial septal defect (1969) J Med Genet, 6, pp. 255-261; 
Zetterqvist, P., (1972) A Clinical and Genetic Study of Congenital Heart Defects, , Sweden: University of Uppsala; 
Dennis, N.R., Warren, J., Risks to the offspring of patients with some common congenital heart defects (1981) J Med Genet, 18, pp. 8-16; 
Cziezel, A., Poroni, A., Peterffy, E., Tarcal, E., Studies of children of parents operated on for congenital cardiovascular malformations (1982) Br Heart J, 47, pp. 290-293; 
Emanuel, R., Somerville, J., Inns, A., Withers, R., Evidence of congenital heart disease in the offspring of parents with atrioventricular defects (1983) Br Heart J, 49, pp. 144-147; 
Rose, V., Gold, R.J.M., Lindsay, G., Allen, M., A possible increase in the incidence of congenital heart defects among the offspring of affected parents (1985) JACC, 6, pp. 376-382; 
Nora, J.J., Nora, A.H., Maternal transmission of congenital heart diseases: New recurrence risk figures and the questions of cytoplasmic inheritance and vulnerability to teratogens (1987) Am J Cardiol, 59, pp. 459-463; 
Zellers, T.M., Driscoll, D.J., Michels, V.V., Prevalence of significant congenital heart defects in children of parents with Fallot's tetralogy (1990) Am J Cardiol, 65, pp. 523-526; 
Driscoll, D.J., Michels, W., Gersony, W.M., Occurrence risk for congenital heart defects in relatives of patients with aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, or ventricular septal defect (1993) Circulation, 87, pp. 1114-1120; 
Connolly, H.M., Warnes, C.A., Ebstein's anomaly: Outcome of pregnancy (1994) JACC, 23, pp. 1194-1198; 
Whittemore, R., Wells, J.A., Castellsague, X., A second-generation study of 427 probands with congenital heart defects and their 837 children (1994) JACC, 23, pp. 1459-1467; 
Farrall, M., Holder, S., Familial recurrence-pattern analysis of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (1992) Am J Hum Genet, 50, pp. 270-277; 
Risch, N., Linkage strategies for genetically complex traits, I: Multilocus models (1990) Am J Hum Genet, 46, pp. 222-228; 
Sumner, R.G., Phillips, J.H., Jacoby, W.J.J., Trucker, D.H., Forme fruste of endocardial cushion defect (1967) Am J Med Sci, 254, pp. 266-283; 
Nora, J.J., Multifactorial inheritance hypothesis for the etiology of congenital heart disease (1968) Circulation, 38, pp. 604-617; 
Burn, J., The actiology of congenital disease (1987) Paediatric Cardiology, pp. 15-63. , Anderson RH, Macartney FI, Shinebourne EA, Tynan M, eds. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 
Whittemore, R., Hobbins, E.J., Engle, M.A., Pregnancy and its outcome in women with and without surgical treatment of congenital heart disease (1982) Am J Cardiol, 50, pp. 361-370; 
Wilson, D.I., Goodship, J.A., Burn, J., Cross, I.E., Scambler, P.J., Deletions within chromosome 22q11 in familial congenital heart disease (1992) Lancet, 340, pp. 573-575; 
Trainer, A.H., Morrison, N., Dunlop, A., Wilson, N., Tolmie, J., Chromosome 22q11 microdeletions in tetralogy of Fallot (1996) Arch Dis Child, 74, pp. 62-63; 
Ryan, A.K., Goodship, J.A., Wilson, D.I., Spectrum of clinical features associated with interstitial chromosome 22q11 deletions: A European collaborative study (1997) J Med Genet, 34, pp. 798-804; 
Sheffield, V.C., Pierpont, M.E., Nishimura, D., Identification of a complex congenital heart defect susceptibility locus by using DNA pooling and shared segment analysis (1997) Hum Mol Genet, 6, pp. 117-121; 
Wilson, L., Curtis, A., Korenburg, J.R., A large dominant pedigree of atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD): Exclusion from the down's syndrome critical region on chromosome 21 (1993) Am J Hum Genet, 53, pp. 1262-1268; 
Wilson, L., (1996) The Aetiology of Atrioventricular Septal Defect, , University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, PhD thesis; 
Nance, W.E., Anencephaly and spina bifida: An etiologic hypothesis (1971) Birth Defects, 7, pp. 97-102; 
Burn, J., Gibbens, D., Hypothesis: May spina bifida result from an X-linked defect in a selective abortion mechanism? (1979) J Med Genet, 16, pp. 210-214; 
Newbury-Ecob, R.A., Leanage, R., Raeburn, J.A., Young, I.D., Holt-Oram syndrome: A clinical genetic study (1996) J Med Genet, 33, pp. 300-307; 
Barker, D.J.P., (1992) Fetal and Infant Origins of Adult Disease, , London: BMJ Publishing
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032583944&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2897%2906486-6&partnerID=40&md5=77b04d1b05c0c609a1a87518ed3e69a7
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Consistent effects of high socioeconomic status and low birth order, and the modifying effect of maternal smoking on the risk of allergic disease during childhood
T2  - Respiratory Medicine
J2  - Respir. Med.
VL  - 92
IS  - 10
SP  - 1237
EP  - 1244
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1016/S0954-6111(98)90427-9
SN  - 09546111 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lewis, S.A.
AU  - Britton, J.R.
AD  - Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, United Kingdom
AD  - Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
AB  - Birth order, maternal age, gestational age, birth weight, maternal smoking, and social class have all been associated with allergic rhinitis, eczema and asthma in childhood, but the consistency of independent effects of these exposures in relation to all of these allergic conditions has not been investigated. We have compared and contrasted the independent effects of these putative risk factors on parent-reported hayfever, eczema and wheeze by age 16 years and in the past 12 months at age 16 using data from the 1970 British birth cohort. The 1970 British birth cohort comprised all children born in England, Scotland and Wales in one week of April 1970, and follow-up surveys at birth, 5, 10 and 16 years of age involved a cumulative total of 17,427 children. We have used data on over 6000 children with complete data at every stage. Social advantage was a risk factor common to each of wheeze at, and hayfever and eczema at and by age 16. Low birth order was an independent risk factor for eczema and hayfever at age 16, but not for wheeze. However, wheeze at age 16 was significantly increased in relation to maternal smoking, with a significant interaction such that the effect of smoking was greatest in those of high birth order and, in the absence of maternal smoking, low birth order was a risk factor for wheeze at age 16. Social advantage and low birth order appear to be the independently consistent determinants of atopic disease. Maternal smoking is an additional risk factor for wheeze, which applies primarily in low socioeconomic groups.
KW  - cigarette smoke
KW  - adolescent
KW  - allergic disease
KW  - allergic rhinitis
KW  - article
KW  - asthma
KW  - atopy
KW  - birth order
KW  - birth weight
KW  - child
KW  - childhood disease
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - eczema
KW  - female
KW  - gestational age
KW  - hay fever
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - maternal age
KW  - maternal behavior
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk factor
KW  - smoking
KW  - social class
KW  - social status
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - wheezing
PB  - W.B. Saunders Ltd
N1  - Cited By :58
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: RMEDE
C2  - 9926155
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lewis, S.A.; Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
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Strachan, D.P., Taylor, E.M., Carpenter, R.G., Family structure, neonatal infection, and hay fever in adolescence (1996) Arch Dis Child, 74, pp. 422-426; 
Olesen, A.B., Ellingsen, A.R., Olesen, H., Juul, S., Thestrup-Pederson, K., Atopic dermatitis and birth factors: Historical follow up by record linkage (1997) Br Med J, 314, pp. 1003-1008; 
Martinez, F.D., Wright, A.L., Holberg, C.J., Morgan, W.J., Taussig, L.M., Maternal age as a risk factor for wheezing lower respiratory illnesses in the first year of life (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 136, pp. 1258-1268; 
Schwartz, J., Gold, D., Dockery, D.W., Weiss, S.T., Speizer, F.E., Predictors of asthma and persistent wheeze in a national sample of children in the United States (1990) Am Rev Respir Dis, 142, pp. 555-562; 
Anderson, H.R., Bland, J.M., Peckham, C.S., Risk factors for asthma up to 16 years of age (1987) Chest, 91, pp. 127S-130S; 
David, T.J., Ewing, C.I., Atopic eczema and preterm birth (1988) Arch Dis Child, 63, pp. 435-436; 
Ware, J.H., Dockery, D.W., Spiro, A., Speizer, F.E., Ferris, B.G., Passive smoking, gas cooking, and respiratory health in children living in six cities (1984) Am Rev Respir Dis, 129, pp. 366-374; 
Cunningham, J., Oconnor, G.T., Dockery, D.W., Speizer, F.E., Environmental tobacco smoke, wheezing, and asthma in children in 24 communities (1996) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 153, pp. 218-224; 
Ehrlich, R.I., DuToit, D., Jordaan, E., Zwarenstein, M., Potter, P., Volmink, J.A., Weinberg, E., Risk factors for childhood asthma and wheezing - Importance of maternal and household smoking (1996) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 154, pp. 681-688; 
Soyseth, V., Kongerud, J., Boe, J., Postnatal maternal smoking increases the prevalence of asthma but not of bronchial hyperresponsiveness or atopy in their children (1995) Chest, 107, pp. 389-394; 
Murray, A.B., Morrison, B.J., The effect of cigarette smoking from the mother on bronchial hyperresponsiveness and severity of symptoms in children with asthma (1986) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 77, pp. 575-581; 
Chilmonczyk, B.A., Salmun, L.M., Megathlin, K.N., Association between Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Exacerbations of Asthma in Children (1993) N Engl J Med, 328, pp. 1665-1669; 
Hide, D.W., Matthews, S., Matthews, L., Effect of allergen avoidance in infancy on allergic manifestations at age 2 years (1994) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 93, pp. 842-846; 
Chandra, R.K., Puri, S., Hamed, A., Influence of maternal diet during lactation and use of formula feeds on development of atopic eczema in high risk infants (1989) Br Med J, 299, pp. 228-230; 
Chandra, R.K., Five-year follow-up of high-risk infants with family history of allergy who were exclusively breast-fed or fed partial whey hydrolysate, soy, and conventional cow's milk formulas (1997) J Pediatr Gast Nutrition, 24, pp. 380-388; 
Strachan, D.P., Epidemiology of hay fever: Towards a community diagnosis (1995) Clin Exp Allergy, 25, pp. 296-303; 
Saarinen, U.M., Kajosaari, M., Blackman, A., Siimes, M.A., Prolonged breast feeding as prophylaxis for atopic disease (1979) Lancet, 2, pp. 163-168; 
Butler, N.R., Golding, J., (1986) From Birth to Five, , Oxford: Pergamon Press; 
Lewis, S., Rutland, B., Strachan, D., Bynner, J., Richards, D., Butler, N., Britton, J., Study of the aetiology of wheezing illness at age 16 in two national British birth cohorts (1996) Thorax, 51, pp. 670-676; 
Butland, B.K., Strachan, D.P., Lewis, S., Bynner, J., Butler, N., Britton, J., Investigation into the increase in hay fever and eczema at age 16 observed between the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts (1997) Br Med J, 315, pp. 717-721; 
Osborn, A.F., Morris, A.C., Rationale for a composite index of social class and its evaluation (1978) Br J Sociology, 30, pp. 36-60; 
Strachan, D.P., Harkins, L.S., Johnston, I.D.A., Anderson, H.R., Childhood antecedents of allergic sensitisation in young British adults (1997) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 99, pp. 6-12; 
Williams, H.C., Strachan, D.P., Hay, R.J., Childhood eczema - Disease of the advantaged (1994) Br Med J, 308, pp. 1132-1135; 
Strachan, D.P., Allergy and family size: A riddle worth solving (1997) Clin Exp Allergy, 27, pp. 235-236; 
Lewis, S., Richards, D., Bynner, J., Butler, N., Britton, J., Prospective study of risk factors for early and persistent wheezing in childhood (1995) Eur Resp J, 8, pp. 349-356; 
Hanrahan, J.P., Tager, I.B., Segal, M.R., Tosteson, T.D., Castile, R.G., Van Vunakis, H., Weiss, S.T., Speizer, F.E., The effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on early infant lung function (1992) Am Rev Respir Dis, 145, pp. 1129-1135; 
Tager, I.B., Hanrahan, J.P., Tosteson, T.D., Lung function, pre- and post-natal smoke exposure, and wheezing in the first year of life (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis, 147, pp. 811-817; 
Stick, S.M., Burton, P.R., Gurrin, L., Sly, P.D., Lesouef, P.N., Effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy and a family history of asthma on respiratory function in newborn infants (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1060-1064; 
Martinez, F.D., Morgan, W.J., Wright, A.L., Holberg, C., Taussig, L.M., Initial airway function is a risk factor for recurrent wheezing respiratory illnesses during the first three years of life (1991) Am Rev Respir Dis, 143, pp. 312-316; 
Wright, A.L., Holberg, C.J., Martinez, F.D., Morgan, W.J., Taussig, L.M., Breast feeding and lower respiratory tract illness in the first year of life (1989) Br Med J, 299, pp. 946-949; 
Beaudry, M., Dufour, R., Marcoux, S., Relation between infant feeding and infections during the first six months of life (1995) J Pediatr, 126, pp. 191-197; 
Stoddard, J.J., Miller, T., Impact of parental smoking on the prevalence of wheezing respiratory illness in children (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 141, pp. 96-102; 
Strachan, D.P., Butland, B.K., Anderson, H.R., Incidence and prognosis of asthma and wheezing illness from early childhood to age 33 in a national British cohort (1996) Br Med J, 312, pp. 1195-1199; 
Tager, I.B., Ngo, L., Hanrahan, J.P., Maternal smoking during pregnancy: Effects on lung function during the first 18 months of life (1995) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 152, pp. 977-983; 
Cunningham, J., Dockery, D.W., Speizer, F.E., Maternal smoking during pregnancy as a predictor of lung function in children (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 139, pp. 1139-1152; 
Chan, K.N., Noble-Jamieson, C.M., Elliman, A., Bryan, E.M., Silverman, M., Lung function in children of low birth weight (1989) Arch Dis Child, 64, pp. 1284-1293; 
Rona, R.J., Gulliford, M.C., Chinn, S., Effects of prematurity and intrauterine growth on respiratory health and lung function in childhood (1993) Br Med J, 306, pp. 817-820; 
Galdes-Sebaldt, M., Sheller, J.R., Grogaard, J., Stahlman, M., Prematurity is associated with abnormal airway function in childhood (1989) Pediatr Pulmonol, 7, pp. 259-264; 
Barker, D.J.P., Godfrey, K.M., Fall, C., Osmond, C., Winter, P.D., Shaheen, S.O., Relation of birth weight and childhood respiratory infection to adult lung function and death from chronic obstructive airways disease (1991) Br Med J, 303, pp. 671-675; 
Wilson, N.M., The significance of early wheezing (1994) Clin Exp Allergy, 24, pp. 522-529; 
Vonmutius, E., Martinez, F.D., Fritzsch, C., Nicolai, T., Reitmeir, P., Thiemann, H., Skin test reactivity and number of siblings (1994) Br Med J, 308, pp. 692-695
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prevalence of permanent childhood hearing impairment - Its role in audit of local paediatric hearing health services
T2  - Journal of Audiological Medicine
J2  - J. Audiol. Med.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
SP  - 100
EP  - 109
PY  - 1998
SN  - 09637133 (ISSN) 
AU  - Parving, A.
AU  - Jensen, J.H.
AD  - Department of Audiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
AD  - Department of Audiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
AD  - Department of Audiology, Bispebjerg Hospital H:S, DK 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
AB  - This audit describes the services offered to children with permanent hearing impairment (≤ 25 dB HL) in the better-hearing ear averaged across 0.5-4 kHz in 3 longitudinal birth cohorts, i.e. 1970-4; 1980-4 and 1990-4, in two health authority districts (HAD) - the Copenhagen City and County - respectively. Based on previous estimated prevalences of 1.5/1000 of congenital/early onset hearing impairment an under ascertainment of 67% in the city HAD could be demonstrated at the time of data collection for the 1990-4 birth cohort, whereas the County HAD had a prevalence of congenital/early onset hearing impairment of 1.4/1000, which was compatible with previous estimates. The median age at identification of 12 months in the County HAD represents an improvement compared to previous five-year birth cohorts; however, identification is still being delayed. Detection and identification of children with congenital/early onset of permanent hearing impairment in the two HADs is poor and necessary improvements should be based on appropriate goals and standards for the quality of these services.
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - child health care
KW  - congenital deafness
KW  - controlled study
KW  - denmark
KW  - hearing impairment
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - medical audit
KW  - onset age
KW  - prevalence
N1  - Cited By :6
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JAUME
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Parving, A.; Department of Audiology, Bispebjerg Hospital H:S, DK 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark; email: bbhaudap@pip.dknet.dk
N1  - References: Almind, G., (1984) Forebyggende Arbejde Med Småhørnsfamilier i Almen Praksis og Sundhedspleje, , Dissertation, Holbaek; 
Barr, B., Early detection of hearing impairment (1980) Disorders of Auditory Function III, pp. 33-42. , Taylor IG, Markides A (eds) London: Academic Press; 
Bentzen, O., Jensen, J.H., Early detection and treatment of deaf children. A European concept (1981) Early Management of Hearing Loss, pp. 85-103. , Gerber SE, Mencher GT (eds) San Francisco: Grune & Stratton; 
Bess, F.H., Paradise, J.L., Universal screening for infant hearing impairment: Not simple, not risk free, not necessarily beneficial, and not presently justified (1994) Pediatrics, 93 (2), pp. 330-334; 
David, A., Parving, A., Towards appropriate epidemiology data on childhood hearing disability: A comparative European study of birth cohorts 1982-8 (1994) Journal of Audiological Medicine, 3, pp. 35-47; 
Davis, A., Wood, S., The epidemiology of childhood hearing impairment; factors of relevance to planning of services (1992) British Journal of Audiology, 26, pp. 77-90; 
Fortnum, H., Davis, A., Butler, A., Stevens, J., (1996) Health Service Implications of Changes in Aetiology and Referral Patterns of Hearing-impaired Children in Trent 1985-1993, , Main Report. Nottingham: MRC Institute of Hearing Research; 
Gerber, S., Review of a high-risk register for congenital or early onset deafness (1990) British Journal of Audiology, 24, pp. 347-356; 
Madsen, M., Lindahl, A., Osler, M., Bjerregaard, P., (1991) Børns Sundhed ved Skolestart 1988/89, , Copenhagen: DIKE; 
Martin, J.A.M., Bentzen, O., Colley, J.R.T., Hennebert, D., Holm, C., Iurato, S., DeJonge, A., Morgan, A., Childhood deafness in the European Community (1981) Scandinavian Audiology, 10, pp. 165-174. , Stokcholm; 
Mauk, G.W., Behrens, T.R., Historical, political, and technological context associated with early identification of hearing loss (1993) Seminars Hearing, 14, pp. 1-17; 
Mencher, G.T., A program for neonatal hearing screening (1974) Audiology, 31, pp. 495-500; 
Naeem, Z., Newton, V., Prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss in Asian children (1996) British Journal of Audiology, 30, pp. 332-339; 
Early identification of hearing impairment in infants and young children (1993) National Institute of Health, 11, pp. 1-25; 
Parving, A., Hearing disorders in childhood, some procedures for detection, identification and diagnostic evaluation (1985) International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 9, pp. 31-57; 
Parving, A., Longitudinal study of hearing disabled children. A follow-up investigation (1988) International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 15, pp. 223-244; 
Parving, A., Hørenedsættelse hos børn - Epidemiologi og identifikation (1988) Ugeskrift for Laeger, 150, pp. 721-725; 
Parving, A., Detection of the infant with congenital/early acquired hearing disability (1991) Acta Otolaryngology, 482 (SUPPLEMENTUM), pp. 111-116. , Stockholm; 
Parving, A., Pediatric audiological medicine - A survey from a regional department (1992) Journal of Audiological Medicine, 1, pp. 99-111; 
Parving, A., Congenital hearing disability - Epidemiology and identification: A comparison between two health authority districts (1993) International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 27, pp. 29-46; 
Parving, A., Factors causing hearing impairment - Some perspectives from Europe (1995) Journal of America Academy of Audiology, 6, pp. 387-395; 
Parving, A., Christensen, B., Children < 4 years of age referred to an audiological department (1992) International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 23, pp. 161-170; 
Parving, A., Christensen, B., Epidemiology of permanent hearing impairment in childhood in relation to costs of a health surveillance program (1996) International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 34, pp. 9-23; 
Parving, A., Salomon, G., The effect of neonatal universal hearing screening in a health surveillance perspective - A controlled study of two health authority districts (1996) Audiology, 35, pp. 158-168; 
Parving, A., Stephens, D., Profound permanent hearing impairment in childhood - Causative factors in two European countries (1997) Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 117, pp. 158-160; 
Salomon, G., Anthonisen, B., Groth, J., Thomsen, P.P., Oto-acoustic hearing screening in newborns: Optimization (1992) Screening Children for Auditory Function, pp. 191-206. , Bess FH, Hall JW (eds) Nashville, Tennesee: Bill Wilkerson Center Press; 
Salomon, G., Groth, J., Anthonisen, B., Preliminary results and considerations in hearing screening of newborns based on otoacoustic emissions (1993) British Journal of Audiology, 27, pp. 139-141; 
Stensland-Junker, K., Barr, B., Maliniemi, S., Wasz-Hockert, O., BOEL-screening. A program for the early detection of communicative disorders. Preliminary reports from a study on 1,000 Finnish infants (1978) Audiology, 17, pp. 51-62; 
(1982) Vejledning i Profylaktiske Laegeundersøgelser af Boern i Alderen fra 0-6 År og Vejledning i Anvendelse af et Autoriseret Journalkort, , Copenhagen: Sundhedsstyrelsen; 
Sutton, G.J., Rowe, S.J., Risk factors for childhood sensorineural hearing loss in the Oxford Region (1997) British Journal of Audiology, 31, pp. 39-54; 
Vanniasegaram, I., Tungland, O.P., Bellman, S., A 5-year review of children with deafness in a multiethnic community (1993) Journal of Audiological Medicine, 2, pp. 9-19; 
White, K.R., Maxon, A.B., Universal screening for infant hearing impairment: Simple, beneficial and presently justified (1995) Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 32, pp. 201-211
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031928216&partnerID=40&md5=91a3a6deecdb5a80c4e4b72cfc4ab945
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mortality in men of Irish heritage in West Scotland
T2  - Public Health
J2  - Public Health
VL  - 112
IS  - 4
SP  - 229
EP  - 232
PY  - 1998
SN  - 00333506 (ISSN) 
AU  - Abbotts, J.
AU  - Williams, R.
AU  - Davey Smith, G.
AD  - MRC Medical Sociology Unit, 6 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR
AB  - Britons of Irish parentage have been found to exhibit poorer health and to die at a younger age than the general population. This paper expands the investigation of Irish mortality patterns in Britain, to include men with patrilineal Irish descent from the immigration of the 19th and 20th centuries. Five thousand, seven hundred and sixty-six male employees aged between 35 and 64 y were examined in 27 workplace settings in Glasgow, Grangemouth and Clydebank between 1970 and 1973. Twenty-one years' mortality follow-up was analysed from a survey involving a health questionnaire and medical examination, using name analysis to identify those of patrilineal Irish descent. Fitting Cox's proportional hazards model to date of death, using date of birth and Irish name as covariates, resulted in the patrilineal Irish showing elevated mortality from all causes (relative risk 1.22; 95% CI [1.08, 1.38]) and coronary heart disease (relative risk 1.53; 95% CI [1.27, 1.83]). Mortality risk for men with an Irish surname was also elevated for cerebrovascular disease (relative risk 1.30; 95% CI [0.86, 1.95]), respiratory disease (relative risk 1.17; 95% CI [0.73, 1.86]) and injury or poisoning (relative risk 1.42; 95% CI [0.78, 2.61]), although the low numbers of men dying from these causes, meant that differences did not reach statistical significance at the 5% level. No differences were observed for cancer or other causes. Previous work has shown high mortality for second generation Irish, whereas this study indicates high all-cause mortality and an excess of deaths from coronary heart disease in the much larger group of men with patrilineal Irish descent from the immigration of the 19th and 20th centuries.
KW  - Ethnic minorities
KW  - Irish
KW  - Mortality
KW  - West Scotland
KW  - ethnicity
KW  - health status
KW  - immigrant population
KW  - medical geography
KW  - mortality
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cerebrovascular disease
KW  - ethnic group
KW  - human
KW  - immigration
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - medical examination
KW  - mortality
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - respiratory tract disease
KW  - statistical model
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Scotland
KW  - UK
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
N1  - Cited By :19
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PUHEA
C2  - 9724945
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Abbotts, J.; MRC Medical Sociology Unit, 6 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Annandale, E., Hunt, K., (1989) The West of Scotland 20-07 Study: Health in the Community: Distributions of Basic Information from the First Sweep of Data Collection on the 35 Year Old Cohort 1987, , MRC Medical Sociology Unit Working Paper no. 13; 
Williams, R., Medical, economic and population factors in areas of high mortality: The case of Glasgow (1994) Soc Health and Illness, 16, pp. 143-181; 
Williams, R., Britain's regional mortality: A legacy of disaster from the Celtic periphery? (1994) Soc Sci Med, 39, pp. 189-199; 
Williams, R., The Health Costs of Britain's industrialisation: A perspective from the Celtic periphery (1993) Locating Health: Sociological and Historical Explorations, pp. 179-204. , Platt S, Thomas H, Scott S, Williams G (eds). Avebury: Aldershot, England; 
Marmot, M.G., Adelstein, A.M., Bulusu, M., (1984) Immigrant Mortality in England and Wales 1970-78: Causes of Death by Country of Birth, , HMSO: London; 
Wild, S., McKeigue, P., Cross sectional analysis of mortality by country of birth in England and Wales 1970-1992 (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 705-710; 
Raftery, J., Jones, D.R., Rosato, M., The mortality of first and second generation Irish immigrants in the UK (1990) Soc Sci Med, 31, pp. 577-584; 
Harding, S., Balarajan, R., Patterns of mortality in second generation Irish living in England and Wales: Longitudinal study (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 1389-1392; 
Barker, D.J.P., Fetal and infant origins of adult disease (1992) BMJ, , Publishing: London; 
Smith, D., Lifetime socio-economic position and mortality: Prospective observational study (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 547-552; 
Blane, D., The association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with socio-economic position during childhood and during adulthood (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 1434-1438; 
Williams, R., The Health of the Irish in Britain (1992) The Politics of Race and Health, pp. 81-103. , Ahmad W (ed). Race Relations Research Unit: Bradford; 
Hickman, M., (1995) Religion, Class and Identity, pp. 244-245. , Avebury: Aldershot, England; 
Foster, R.F., (1988) Modern Ireland 1600-1972, , Penguin: London; 
Williams, R., Can data on Scottish Catholics tell us about descendants of the Irish in Scotland (1993) New Commun, 19, pp. 296-309; 
Macintyre, S., The West of Scotland 20-07 study: Health in the community (1989) Readings for a New Public Health, pp. 56-74. , Martin C, MacQueen D (eds). Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh; 
Cox, D.R., Regression models and life tables (1972) J Roy Stat Soc Series B, 34, pp. 187-220; 
Balarajan, R., Balusu, L., Mortality among immigrants to England and Wales, 1979-83 (1990) Mortality and Geography. A Review in the Mid-1980s, England and Wales, , Britton M (ed). HMSO: London; 
Wannamethee, G., Whincup, P., Shaper, G., Walker, M., Influence of fathers' social class on cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1259-1263; 
Abbotts, J.E., Williams, R., Davey Smith, G., Association of physiological behavioural and socio-economic factors with elevated mortality in men of Irish heritage in West Scotland (1998) MRC Medical Sociology Unit Working Paper; 
Balarajan, R., Yuen, P., British smoking and drinking habits - Variation by country of birth (1986) Community Med, 8, pp. 237-294; 
Mullen, K., Williams, R., Hunt, K., Irish descent, religion and alcohol and tobacco use (1996) Addiction, 91, pp. 237-248; 
Kelleher, D., Hillier, S., The health of the Irish in England (1996) Researching Cultural Differences in Health, , Kelleher D, Hillier S (eds). Routledge: London and New York; 
Weiss, E.J., A polymorphism of a platelet glycoprotein receptor as an inherited risk factor for coronary thrombosis (1996) Engl J Med, 334, pp. 1090-1094
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Tooth and tooth surface survival rates in birth cohorts from 1965, 1970, 1975, and 1980 in Lahti, Finland
T2  - Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology
J2  - Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol.
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
SP  - 101
EP  - 106
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1998.tb01935.x
SN  - 03015661 (ISSN) 
AU  - Suni, J.
AU  - Helenius, H.
AU  - Alanen, P.
AD  - Lahti Health Center, Lahti, Finland
AD  - Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty, University of Turku, Finland
AD  - Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland
AD  - Tammikatu 17, 15 520 Lahti, Finland
AB  - Differences in the tooth and tooth surface survival rates between four cohorts born in 1965, 1970, 1975, and 1980 were analysed in a historical cohort study including data on the permanent teeth of children aged 5-7 years at baseline and 19 years at the end of the study. A statistically significant reduction in caries occurrence in fissured surfaces in the three oldest cohorts was seen during the 3 years after the eruption of the teeth. Caries occurrence in the cohorts bom in 1975 and 1980 did not differ from each other. The occurrence of caries in smooth surfaces was low in all age cohorts. Therefore, despite a systematic decrease in caries occurrence towards the younger cohorts, no significant differences were found between the cohorts in smooth surface decay. After the 3 first posteruptive years, practically no differences in survival rates between the cohorts were observed. In the two youngest cohorts, the figures during the 3 first years after eruption did not differ from the figures for the later years. Throughout the study, caries occurrence was symmetric and no gender differences were observed. No postponement of decay was found by the end of the follow-up time. © Munksgaard, 1998.
KW  - Caries
KW  - Secular changes
KW  - Survival rates
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - cost benefit analysis
KW  - dental caries
KW  - economics
KW  - female
KW  - Finland
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - preventive dentistry
KW  - survival
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Cost-Benefit Analysis
KW  - Dental Caries
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Preventive Dentistry
KW  - Survival Analysis
PB  - Blackwell Munksgaard
N1  - Cited By :9
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CDOEA
C2  - 9645403
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Suni, J.Tammikatu 17, 15 520 Lahti, Finland; email: jorma.suni@lahti.fi
N1  - References: Downer, M.C., Changing patterns of disease in the western world (1984) Cariology Today, pp. 1-12. , Guggenheim B, editor. Basel: Karger; 
Winter, G.B., Epidemiology of dental caries (1990) Arch Oral Biol, 35, pp. 1-7S; 
Symposium report: Caries status in Europe and predictions of future trends (1990) Caries Res, 24, pp. 381-396; 
Marthaler, T.M., O'Mullane, D.M., Wrbic, V., The prevalence of dental caries in Europe 1990-1995 (1996) Caries Res, 30, pp. 237-255; 
Marthaler, T.M., Explanations for changing patterns of disease in the Western world (1984) Cariology Today, pp. 13-23. , Guggenheim B, editor. Basel: Karger; 
Marthaler, T.M., Steiner, M., Bandi, A., Werden verfärbte Molarenfissuren innerhalb von vier Jahren häufiger kariös als nichtverfärbte (1990) Schweiz Monatschr Zahnmed, 100, pp. 841-846; 
Nadanovsky, P., Sheiham, A., Relative contribution of dental services to the changes in caries levels of 12-year-old children in 18 industrialized countries in the 1970s and early 1980s (1995) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 23, pp. 331-339; 
Bratthall, D., Dental caries: Intervened - Interrupted - interpreted (1996) Eur J Oral Sci, 104 (SUPPL.), pp. 415-491; 
Carlos, J.P., Gittelsohn, A.M., Longitudinal studies of the natural history of caries I: Eruption patterns of the permanent teeth (1965) J Dent Res, 46, pp. 509-516; 
Carlos, J.P., Gittelsohn, A.M., Longitudinal studies of the natural history of caries II (1965) Arch Oral Biol, 10, pp. 739-751; 
Isokangas, P., Tiekso, J., Alanen, P., Mäkinen, K.K., Long-term effect of xylitol chewing gum on dental caries (1989) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 17, pp. 200-203; 
Bohannan, H.M., The impact of decreasing dental caries prevalence: Implications for dental education (1982) J Dent Res, 61, pp. 1367-1377; 
Abemathy, J.R., Graves, R.C., Greenberg, B.G., Bohannan, H.M., Disney, J.A., Application of life table methodology in determining dental caries rates (1986) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 14, pp. 261-264; 
Collett, D., (1994) Modelling Survival Data in Medical Research, , London: Chapman & Hall;; 
(1990) SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 6. 4th Ed., 1-2. , Cary (NC): SAS Institute; 
Bryhni, I.L., Elligsen, S.S., Naas, S., Rolstad, M., Sellaeg, J., Wikstrand, K., Behandlingskriterier for karies (1985) Nor Tannlegeforen Tid, 95, pp. 693-698; 
Elderton, R.J., Nuttal, N.M., Variation among dentists in planning treatment (1983) Br Dent J, 154, pp. 201-206
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Rural women’s economic realities
T2  - Journal of Women and Aging
J2  - J. Women Aging
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
SP  - 41
EP  - 65
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1300/J074v10n04_04
SN  - 08952841 (ISSN) 
AU  - McLaughlin, D.K.
AD  - Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Population Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, United States
AB  - The economic position of many elders has improved over the past few decades. Several groups of elders remain disadvantaged, however, including nonmetropolitan elders and women in any setting. This study examines differences in household income and poverty rates for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan women ages 55 and over in 1970, 1980 and 1990. Comparison of median incomes for women the same age across birth cohorts reveals that much of the improvement in women’s economic well-being occurs because younger cohorts have higher incomes when they enter older ages. There also is evidence that incomes decline as the cohort ages. Nonmetro women have lower incomes and higher poverty rates than metro women in every comparison, even when demographic characteristics arc controlled. While the metro/nonmetro income gap declines from 1970 to 1980, it increases from 1980 to 1990. The largest income gap occurs for women ages 55 to 64 in J990, the youngest cohort examined, offering no evidence to support convergence of household incomes among metro and nonmetro older women in the near future. © 1998 by the Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - aging
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - comparative study
KW  - female
KW  - financial management
KW  - human
KW  - income
KW  - lifestyle
KW  - marriage
KW  - middle aged
KW  - multivariate analysis
KW  - review
KW  - rural population
KW  - statistical model
KW  - statistics
KW  - United States
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Aging
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Financial Management
KW  - Humans
KW  - Income
KW  - Life Style
KW  - Marriage
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Models, Statistical
KW  - Multivariate Analysis
KW  - Rural Population
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :5
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 9919872
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: McLaughlin, D.K.; Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Population Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State UniversityUnited States
N1  - References: Beller, D.J., Coverage patterns of full-time employees under private retirement plans (1981) Social Security Bulletin, 44 (1-3), pp. 11-47; 
Bokemeier, J.L., Sachs, C., Keith, V., Labor force participation of metropolitan, nonmetropolitanj and farm women: A comparative study (1983) Rural Sociology, 48, pp. 515-539; 
Bound, J., Duncan, G.J., Laren, D.S., Oleinick, L., Poverty dynamics in widowhood (1991) Journal of Gerontology, 46, pp. S115-S124; 
Brown, D.L., Beale, C.L., Diversity in post-1970 population trends (1981) Nonmetropolitan America in Transition, , A.H. Hawley & S.M. Mazie (eds.), Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press; 
Burkhauser, R.V., Butler, J.S., Holden, K.C., How the death of a spouse affects economic well-being after retirement: A hazard model approach (1991) Social Science Quarterly, 70, pp. 3-23; 
Burkhauser, R.V., Duncan, G.J., Economic risks of gender roles: Income loss and life events over the life course (1989) Social Science Quarterly, 70, pp. 3-22; 
Burkhauser, R.V., Duncan, G.J., United States public policy and the elderly: The disproportionate risk to the well-being of women (1991) Journal of Population Economics, 4, pp. 217-231; 
Burkhauser, R.V., Holden, K.C., Feaster, D.J., Incidence, timing and events associated with poverty: A dynamic view of poverty in retirement (1988) Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 43, pp. S46-S52; 
Cancian, M., Danziger, S., Gottschalk, P., Working wives and family income inequality among married couples (1994) Uneven Tides: Rising Inequality in America, pp. 195-221. , S. Danziger and P. Gottschalk (eds.), New York: Russell Sage Foundation; 
Choi, N.G., Long-term elderly widows and divorcees: Similarities and differences (1995) Journal of Women & Aging, 7, pp. 69-92; 
Choi, N.G., The never-married and divorced elderly: Comparison of economic and health status, social support, and living arrangement (1996) Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 26 (1-2), pp. 3-25; 
Clark, R.L., Ghent, L.S., Headen, A.E., Jr., Retiree health insurance and pension coverage: Variations by firm characteristics (1994) Journal of Gerontology, 49, pp. S53-S61; 
Coe, R.D., A longitudinal examination of poverty in the elderly years (1988) The Gerontologist, 28, pp. 540-544; 
Colclough, C., Uneven development and racial composition in the deep South, 1970-1980 (1988) Rural Sociology, 53, pp. 73-86; 
Coward, R.T., Poverty and aging in rural America (1987) Human Services in the Rural Environment, 10, pp. 41-47; 
Crystal, S., Shea, D., Cumulative advantage, cumulative disadvantage, and inequality among elderly people (1990) The Gerontologist, 30, pp. 437-443; 
Crystal, S., Waehrer, K., Later-life economic inequality in longitudinal perspective (1996) Journal of Gerontology, 51B, pp. S307-S318; 
Duncan, G.J., Hill, M.S., Rodgers, W., (1986) The Changing Status of the Young and Old, , Survey Research Center, University of Michigan; 
Duncan, G.J., Smith, K.R., The rising affluence of the elderly: How far, how fair, and how frail? (1989) Annual Review of Sociology, 15, pp. 261-289; 
Elder, G.H., Pavalko, R.K., Work careers in men's later years: Transitions, trajectories, and historical change (1993) Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 48, pp. S180-S191; 
Falk, W.W., Talley, C.R., Rankin, B.H., Life in the forgotten South: The black belt (1993) Forgotten Places: Uneven Development in Rural America, pp. 53-75. , T.A. Lyson & W.W, Falk (Eds.), Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas; 
Fossett, M.A., Seibert, M.T., (1997) Long Time Coming: Racial Inequality in the Nonmetropolitan South, 1940-1990, , Boulder. CO: Westview Press; 
Gendell, M., Siegel, J.S., Trends in retirement age in the United States, 1955-1993, by sex and race (1996) Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 5IB, pp. S132-S139; 
Glasgow, N., (1988) The Nonmetro Elderly: Economic and Demographic Status, , Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service; 
Glasgow, N., Holden, K.C., McLaughlin, D.K., Rowles, G.D., The rural elderly and poverty (1993) Persistent Poverty in Rural America, pp. 259-291. , Rural Sociological Society Task Force on Rural Poverty (Eds.), Boulder, Co: Westview Press; 
Hatch, L.R., Effects of work and family on women’s later-life resources (1990) Research on Aging, 12, pp. 311-338; 
Hardy, M.A., Hazelrigg, L.E., The gender of poverty in an aging population (1993) Research on Aging, 15, pp. 243-278; 
Henretta, J.C., Campbell, R.T., Status attainment and status maintenance: A study of stratification in old age (1976) American Sociological Review, 41, pp. 981-992; 
Holden, K.C., Burkhauser, R.V., Feaster, D.J., The timing of falls into poverty after retirement and widowhood (1988) Demography, 25, pp. 405-414; 
Holden, K.C., Burkhauser, R.V., Myers, D.A., The dynamics of poverty among the elderly: Income transitions at older stages of life (1986) The Gerontologist, 26, pp. 292-297; 
Holden, K.C., Smock, P.J., The economic costs of marital dissolution: Why do women bear a disproportionate cost? (1991) Annual Review of Sociology, 15, pp. 51-78; 
Jensen, L., McLaughlin, D.K., The escape from poverty among rural and urban elders (1997) The Gerontologist, 37, pp. 462-468; 
Jensen, L., Tienda, M., Nonmetropolitan minority families in the United States: Trends in racial and ethnic stratification, 1959-1986 (1989) Rural Sociology, 54, pp. 509-532; 
Johnson, K.M., Recent population redistribution trends in nonmetropolitan America (1989) Rural Sociology, 54, pp. 301-326; 
Johnson, K.M., Demographic change in nonmetropolitan America, 1980 to 1990 (1993) Rural Sociology, 58, pp. 347-365; 
Kivett, V.R., Schwenk, F.N., The consumer expenditures of elderly women: Racial, marital, and rural/urban impacts (1994) Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 15, pp. 261-277; 
Lee, G., Lassey, M.L., Rural-urban differences among the elderly: Economic, social and subjective factors (1980) Journal of Social Issues, 36, pp. 62-74; 
Lonsdale, R.E., Seyler, H.L., (1979) Nonmetropolitan Industrialization, , Washington, DC: V.H. Winston; 
McLaughlin, D.K., Holden, K.C., Nonmetropolitan elderly women: A portrait of economic vulnerability (1993) Journal of Applied Gerontology, 12, pp. 320-334; 
McLaughlin, D.K., Jensen, L., Poverty among older Americans: The plight of nonmetropolitan elders (1993) Journals of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 48, pp. S44-S54; 
McLaughlin, D.K., Jensen, L., Becoming poor: The experiences of elders (1995) Rural Sociology, 60, pp. 202-229; 
McLaughlin, D.K., Jensen, L., The rural elderly: A demographic portrait (1998) Aging in Rural Settings, pp. 15-43. , R.T. Coward and J.A. Krout (Eds.), New York: Springer Publishing; 
McLaughlin, D.K., Perman, L., Returns versus endowments in the earnings attainment process for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan men and women (1991) Rural Sociology, 56, pp. 339-365; 
Morgan, L.A., (1991) After Marriage Ends: Economic Consequences for Midlife Women, , Newbury Park, CA: Sage; 
Olson, L.K., Women and social security: A progressive approach (1994) Journal of Aging & Social Policy, 6, pp. 43-56; 
Ozawa, M.N., The economic status of vulnerable older women (1995) Social Work, 40, pp. 323-331; 
O’Rand, A.M., The precious and the precocious: Understanding cumulative disadvantage and cumulative advantage over the life course (1996) The Gerontologist, 36, pp. 230-238; 
Pienta, A.M., Burr, J.A., Mutchler, J.E., Women’s labor force participation in later life: The effects of early work and family experiences (1994) Journal of Gerontology, 49, pp. S231-S239; 
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Reskin, B.F., Hartmann, H.L., (1986) Women's Work, Men's Work: Sex Segregation on the Job, , Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 
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Ross, C.M., Danziger, S., Smolensky, E., Interpreting changes in the economic status of the elderly: 1949-1979 (1987) Contemporary Policy Issues, 5, pp. 98-112. , (August); 
Smeeding, T.M., Economic status of the elderly (1990) Handbook of Aging and Social Sciences, pp. 362-381. , R.H. Binstock & L.K. George (Eds.), (3rd ed.), San Diego: Academic Press; 
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Tickamyer, A.R., Bokemeier, J., Sex differences in labor market experiences (1988) Rural Sociology, 53, pp. 166-189; 
Tickamyer, A.R., Duncan, C.M., Poverty and opportunity structure in rural America (1990) Annual Review of Sociology, 16, pp. 67-86; 
Warlick, J.L., Why is poverty after 65 a woman's problem? (1985) Journal of Gerontology, 40, pp. 751-757; 
Zick, C.D., Smith, K.R., Immediate and delayed effects of widowhood on poverty: Patterns from the 1970s (1986) Gerontologist, 26, pp. 669-675; 
Zick, C.D., Smith, K.R., Patterns of economic change surrounding the death of a spouse (1991) Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 46, pp. S310-S320
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0032253884&doi=10.1300%2fJ074v10n04_04&partnerID=40&md5=9d21db8ecda43f75c3e0e6324e5e1ad7
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Epidemiology of epilepsy in childhood: A cohort of 440 consecutive patients
T2  - Pediatric Neurology
J2  - Pediatr. Neurol.
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
SP  - 46
EP  - 50
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1016/S0887-8994(97)00154-9
SN  - 08878994 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kramer, U.
AU  - Nevo, Y.
AU  - Neufeld, M.Y.
AU  - Fatal, A.
AU  - Leitner, Y.
AU  - Harel, S.
AD  - Pediatric Neurology Unit, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
AD  - Department of Neurology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
AD  - Child Development Center, Beit Habriut Strauss, 14 Balfour Street, Tel Aviv 65211, Israel
AB  - This study analyzes the relative frequency and age of onset of the different seizure types in a 20-year cohort of a pediatric neurology outpatient clinic of an urban hospital that serves the majority of the city's population (Tel Aviv Medical Center). Only patients with two or more unprovoked seizures were included. Neonatal seizures were excluded from the analysis. The different seizure types in descending order of frequency were: partial seizures secondarily generalized (20.6%), complex partial seizures (12.5%), West syndrome (9%), simple partial seizures (8.6%), benign rolandic epilepsy of childhood (8%), absence seizures (7%), generalized tonic-clonic seizures (6.6%), generalized tonic seizures (5%), myoclonic seizures (2.2%), benign occipital epilepsy of childhood (2%), mixed type seizures (1.8%), Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (1.5%), juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (0.9%), atypical absence (0.6%), Landau-Kleffner syndrome, Ohtahara syndrome, myoclonic astatic epilepsy, electrical status epilepticus in sleep and startle epilepsy (0.2% each), and unclassifted seizures (12%). The findings of this study confirm that there are more pediatric patients with partial seizures (52%) than primary generalized seizures (33%) and that partial seizures secondarily generalized is the most frequent seizure type in this age group.
KW  - absence
KW  - adolescent
KW  - article
KW  - benign childhood epilepsy
KW  - child
KW  - complex partial seizure
KW  - disease classification
KW  - epileptic state
KW  - focal epilepsy
KW  - grand mal seizure
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - landau kleffner syndrome
KW  - lennox gastaut syndrome
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - myoclonus seizure
KW  - narcolepsy
KW  - neurology
KW  - outpatient
KW  - priority journal
KW  - tonic clonic seizure
KW  - tonic seizure
KW  - west syndrome
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Age of Onset
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Electroencephalography
KW  - Epilepsy
KW  - Female
KW  - Hospitals, Municipal
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Israel
KW  - Male
KW  - Retrospective Studies
N1  - Cited By :83
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PNEUE
C2  - 9492091
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kramer, U.; Child Development Center, 14 Balfour Street, Tel Aviv 65211, Israel
N1  - References: Hauser, W.A., Annegers, J.F., Kurland, L.T., Prevalence of epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota: 1940-1980 (1991) Epilepsia, 32, pp. 429-445; 
Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures (1981) Epilepsia, 22, pp. 489-501; 
Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 389-399; 
Camfield, C.S., Camfield, P.R., Gordon, K., Wirrell, E., Dooley, J.M., Incidence of epilepsy in childhood and adolescence: A population-based study in Nova Scotia from 1977 to 1985 (1996) Epilepsia, 37, pp. 19-23; 
Juul-Jemen, P., Foldspang, A., Natural history of epileptic seizures (1983) Epilepsia, 24, pp. 297-312; 
Ellenberg, J.H., Hirtz, D.G., Nelson, K.B., Age at onset of seizures in young children (1984) Ann Neurol, 15, pp. 127-134; 
Blom, S., Heijbel, J., Bergfors, P.G., Incidence of epilepsy in children: A follow-up study three years after the first seizure (1978) Epilepsia, 19, pp. 343-350; 
Cavazzuti, G.B., Epidemiology of different types of epilepsy in school-age children in Modena, Italy (1980) Epilepsia, 21, pp. 57-62; 
Murphy, C.C., Trevathan, E., Yeargin-Allsopp, M., Prevalence of epilepsy and epileptic seizures in 10-year-old children: Results from the metropolitan atlanta developmental disabilities study (1995) Epilepsia, 36, pp. 866-872; 
Sidenvall, R., Forgren, L., Kison Blomquist, H., Heijbel, J., A community-based prospective incidence study of epileptic seizures in children (1993) Acta Pediatr, 82, pp. 60-65; 
Alving, J., Classification of the epilepsies: An investigation of 402 children (1979) Acta Neurol Scand, 60, pp. 157-163; 
Gastaut, H., Gastaut, G.E., Silva, G.E., Fernandez-Sanchez, G.R., Relative frequency of different types of epilepsy: A study employing the classification of the international league against epilepsy (1975) Epilepsia, 16, pp. 457-461; 
Sofijanov, N.G., Clinical evolution and prognosis of childhood epilepsies (1982) Epilepsia, 23, pp. 61-69; 
Glaser, G.H., Dixon, M.S., Psychomotor seizures in childhood: A clinical study (1956) Neurology, 6, pp. 646-655; 
Keranen, T., Sillanpaa, M., Riekkinen, P.J., Distribution of seizure types in an epileptic population (1988) Epilepsia, 29, pp. 1-7; 
Grunewald, R.A., Chroni, E., Panayiotopoulos, C.P., Delayed diagnosis of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (1992) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 55, pp. 497-499; 
Hauser, W.A., Epidemiology of epilepsy in children (1995) Neurosurg Clin North Am, 6, pp. 419-429; 
Cockerell, O.C., Eckle, I., Goodridge, D.M.G., Sander, J.W.A., Shorvon, S.D., Epilepsy in a population of 60000 re-examined: Secular trends in first attendance rates, prevalence, and prognosis (1995) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 58, pp. 570-576; 
Bodensteiner, J.B., Brownsworth, R.D., Knapik, J.R., Kanter, M.C., Cowan, L.D., Leviton, A., Interobserver variability in the ILAE classification of seixures in childhood (1988) Epilepsia, 29, pp. 123-128; 
Verity, C.M., Ross, E.M., Golding, J., Epilepsy in the first years of life: Findings of the child health and education study (1992) BMJ, 305, pp. 857-861
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031952808&doi=10.1016%2fS0887-8994%2897%2900154-9&partnerID=40&md5=413fd49303463a9083dda698f8ce379f
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Liver cirrhosis mortality trends in Eastern Europe, 1970-1989. Analyses of age, period and cohort effects and of latency with alcohol consumption
T2  - Addiction Biology
J2  - Addict. Biol.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
SP  - 413
EP  - 422
PY  - 1998
DO  - 10.1080/13556219871958
SN  - 13556215 (ISSN) 
AU  - Corrao, G.
AD  - Department of Statistics, Italy
AD  - Dipartimento di Statistica, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Viale Sarca 202, Edificio U7, Milano, Italy
AB  - There is evidence that in some Eastern European countries alcohol-related deaths have an important impact on mortality. In the whole European population increasing trends in mortality were observed until the second half of the 1970s, followed by a decline in the following decades. By contrast, in Eastern Europe continuously rising trends have been observed. The aim of the present study is to describe cirrhosis mortality trends in Eastern European countries between 1970 and 1989. This is a descriptive study in seven European countries, compared with Europe as a whole. A Poisson's log-linear age-period-cohort model is used to ascertain whether the recent trend in mortality represents a short-term fluctuation or an emerging long-term trend. In addition, changes in cirrhosis death rates were regressed onto changes in per capita alcohol consumption (1961-89) in order to evaluate the latency period between trends. The birth-cohort effects suggested that in Eastern Europe as a whole, and in particular in Hungary, Bulgaria and Romania, the mortality will probably increase in the next decade. Eastern European countries showed a latency period between trends in alcohol consumption and in mortality rates of many years, whereas in Europe as a whole the cirrhosis mortality rates were explained by their relationship with per capita alcohol consumption which lagged by only a few years. Further increases in cirrhosis mortality, and probably in other alcohol-related problems, are expected in several Eastern European countries. Epidemiological studies aimed to estimate the proportion of disease attributable to known risk factors of cirrhosis, and monitoring programmes of viral infections and of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems, should be implemented to address the planning of public health programmes.
KW  - alcohol
KW  - age
KW  - alcohol consumption
KW  - alcohol liver cirrhosis
KW  - article
KW  - eastern europe
KW  - human
KW  - latent period
KW  - mortality
KW  - priority journal
KW  - public health service
KW  - risk factor
KW  - statistical analysis
N1  - Cited By :10
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ADBIF
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Corrao, G.; Dipartimento di Statistica, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Edificio U7, Viale Sarca 202, Milano, Italy; email: giovanni.corrao@unimi.it
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: alcohol, 64-17-5
N1  - References: Varvasovsky, Z., Baim, C., McKee, M., Deaths from cirrhosis in Poland and Hungary: The impact of different alcohol policies during 1980s (1997) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 51, pp. 167-171; 
Bobak, M., Marmot, M., East-West mortality divide and its potential explanations: Proposed research agenda (1996) Br Med J, 312, pp. 421-425; 
Chenet, L., McKee, M., Fulop, N., Changing life expectancy in central Europe: There is a single reason? (1996) J Public Health Med, 18, pp. 329-336; 
Velkova, A., Wolleswinkel-Van Den Bosch, J.H., Mackenbach, J.P., The East-West life expectancy gap: Differences in mortality from conditions amenable to medical intervention (1997) Int J Epidemiol, 26, pp. 75-84; 
Cockerham, W.C., The social determinants of the decline of life expectancy in Russia and eastern Europe: A lifestyle explanation (1997) J Health Soc Behav, 38, pp. 117-130; 
Corrao, G., Ferrari, P., Zambon, A., Torchio, P., Aricò, S., Decarli, A., Trends of liver cirrhosis mortality in Europe, 1970-1989: Age-period-cohort analysis and changing alcohol consumption (1997) Int J Epidemiol, 26, pp. 100-109; 
Kupper, L.L., Janis, J.M., Karmous, A., Greenberg, B.G., Statistical age-period-cohort analysis: A review and critique (1985) J Chron Dis, 38, pp. 811-830; 
(1994) The Sex and Age Distribution of World Population, , New York: UN; 
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Osmond, C., Gardner, M.J., Age, period and cohort models applied to cancer mortality rates (1982) Stat Med, 1, pp. 245-259; 
Decarli, A., La Vecchia, C., Age, period and cohort models: Review of knowledge and implementation in GLIM (1987) Riv Stat Appl, 20, pp. 397-410; 
McCullagh, R.J., Neider, J.A., (1988) Generalized Linear Models, , Cambridge: Chapman and Hall & Cambridge University Press; 
Corrao, G., Ferrari, P., Zambon, A., Torchio, P., Are the recent trends in liver cirrhosis mortality affected by the changes of alcohol consumption? Analysis of latency period in European countries (1997) J Stud Alcohol, 58, pp. 486-498; 
Frost, W.H., The age selection of mortality from tubercolosis in successive decades (1939) Am J Hyg, 30, pp. 91-96; 
Clayton, D., Schiffers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. II: Age-period and cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 469-481; 
Smart, R.G., Recent international reductions and increases in liver cirrhosis deaths (1988) Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 12, pp. 239-242; 
Mele, A., Stazi, M.A., Gill, O.N., Pasquini, P., Prevention of hepatitis B in Italy: Lessons from surveillance of type-specific acute viral hepatitis (1990) Epidemiol Infect, 104, pp. 135-141; 
Mele, A., Stazi, M.A., Corona, R., Decline of incidence of A, B and NonA-NonB hepatitis in Italy. Results of four years surveillance (1990) Ital J Gastroenterol, 22, pp. 274-280; 
Ledermann, S., Alcool, alcoolisme, alcoolisation. Donnés scientifiques de caractère physiologique, économique et sociale (1956) Inst Nat d'Etudes Demogr Trav Doc, 29, pp. 124-128; 
Skog, O.J., Liver cirrhosis epidemiology: Some methodological problems (1980) Br J Addict, 75, pp. 227-243; 
Brunn, K., Edwards, G., Lumio, M., (1975) Alcohol Control Policies in Public Health Perspective, 25. , Helsinki: Finnish foundation of alcohol studies. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies; 
Schmidt, W., The epidemiology of cirrhosis of the liver: A statistical analysis of mortality data with special reference to Canada (1977) Alcohol and the Liver, pp. 1-26. , Fisher MM, Rankin JG, editors. New York: Plenum Press; 
Rush, B.R., Gliksman, L., Brook, R., Alcohol availability, alcohol consumption and alcohol-related damage. I. The distribution of consumption model (1986) J Stud Alcohol, 47, pp. 1-10; 
Smart, R.G., Mann, R.E., Large decreases in alcohol-related problems following a slight reduction in alcohol consumption in Ontario 1975-83 (1987) Br J Addict, 82, pp. 285-291; 
Mann, R.E., Anglin, L., The relationship between alcohol-related traffic fatalities and per capita consumption of alcohol, Ontario 1957-1983 (1988) Accident Ann Prev, 20, pp. 441-446; 
Mann, R.E., Smart, R.G., Anglin, L., Rush, B.R., Are decreases in liver cirrhosis rates a result of increased treatment for alcoholism? (1991) Br J Addict, 83, pp. 683-688; 
Mann, R.E., Smart, R.G., Anglin, L., Adlaf, E.M., Reductions in cirrhosis deaths in the United States: Association with per capita consumption and AA membership (1991) J Stud Alcohol, 52, pp. 361-365; 
Holder, H.D., Parker, R.N., Effect of alcoholism treatment on cirrhosis mortality: A 20-year multivariate time series analysis (1992) Br J Addict, 87, pp. 1263-1274; 
Cook, P.J., Tauchen, G., The effect of liquor taxes on heavy drinking (1982) Bell J Econ, 13, pp. 379-390; 
Wald, I., Moskalewicz, J., Alcohol policy in a crisis situation (1984) Br J Addict, 79, pp. 331-335; 
(1994) Alcohol Policy during Extensive Socio-economic Change; Report on a Workshop on Alcohol and Market Economy, , Cracow 4-5 June 1993. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 
Iwarson, S., Jilg, W., Stroffolini, T., Substantial decline of notified hepatitis B in major parts of Europe after 1985 (1994) Scand J Infect Dis, 26, pp. 19-22; 
Van Damme, P., Tormans, G., Beutels, P., Van Doorslaer, E., Hepatitis B prevention in Europe: A preliminary economic evaluation (1995) Vaccine, 13 (SUPPL.), pp. 54-57; 
Nanji, A.A., French, S.W., Relationship between pork consumption and cirrhosis (1985) Lancet, 1, pp. 681-683; 
Qiao, Z.K., Halliday, M.L., Coates, R.A., Rankin, J.G., Relationship between liver cirrhosis death rate and nutritional factors in 38 countries (1988) Int J Epidemiol, 17, pp. 414-418; 
Rotily, M., Durbec, J.B., Berthezene, P., Sarles, H., Diet and alcohol in liver cirrhosis: A case-control study (1990) Eur J Clin Nutr, 44, pp. 595-603; 
Corrao, G., Lepore, A.R., Torchio, P.F., Interaction between dietary pattern and alcohol intake on the risk of liver cirrhosis (1995) Rev Epidemiol Santé Publ, 43, pp. 7-17; 
Corrao, G., Ferrari, P.A., Galatola, G., Exploring the role of diet in modifying the effect of known disease determinants. Application to risk factors of liver cirrhosis (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 142, pp. 1136-1146; 
Corrao, G., Zambon, A., Torchio, P.F., Aricò, S., La Vecchia, C., Di Orio, F., Attributable risk for liver cirrhosis in Italy (1998) J Hepatol, 28, pp. 608-614; 
Corrao, G., Aricò, S., Independent and combined action of hepatitis C virus infection and alcohol consumption on the risk of symptomatic liver cirrhosis (1998) Hepatology, 27, pp. 914-919
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031662226&doi=10.1080%2f13556219871958&partnerID=40&md5=2093d3d27bcbc921619f6ae50dd33dce
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Early life and later determinants of adult disease: A 50 year follow-up study of the Newcastle Thousand Families cohort
T2  - Public Health
J2  - Public Health
VL  - 112
IS  - 2
SP  - 85
EP  - 93
PY  - 1998
SN  - 00333506 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lamont, D.W.
AU  - Parker, L.
AU  - Cohen, M.A.
AU  - White, M.
AU  - Bennett, S.M.A.
AU  - Unwin, N.C.
AU  - Craft, A.W.
AU  - Alberti, K.G.M.M.
AD  - Department of Child Health, University of Newcastle, Sir James Spence Inst. Child Hlth., Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP
AD  - School of Health Care Sciences, School of Health School Sciences, University of Newcastle, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4HH
AD  - Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Newcastle, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4HH
AD  - Department of Child Health, University of Newcastle, Sir James Spence Inst. Child Hlth., Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
AB  - The relative contribution of socioeconomic, behavioural and biological factors operating in fetal and infant life, childhood and adulthood to risk for cardiovascular disease, respiratory diseases and non-insulin-dependent diabetes in middle age has become an important research issue. All 1142 babies born in Newcastle upon Tyne in May and June 1947 were recruited into a prospective cohort study of child health (the 'Thousand Families' study) and followed in great detail to the age of 15 y, with a brief further follow up at age 22 y. Children from poorer families were at greatest risk of severe respiratory tract infection in infancy. Children from professional and managerial families were on average taller and heavier throughout childhood than those from semi- and unskilled manual social classes. Repeated infections in early childhood greatly increased the risk of developing chronic respiratory disease by age 15 y. This paper outlines a new investigation designed to trace surviving members of this cohort and to chart the relationships between their socioeconomic circumstances, lifestyles, experiences and health from birth through to the present day. Existing data on socioeconomic circumstances and infections in infancy and childhood, infant nutrition, birthweight and physical development to age 22 y will be linked to information gained from a new study. This comprises a postal questionnaire survey of study members' adult health, socioeconomic circumstances and lifestyle, and a hospital based clinical examination including heart and lung function, glucose tolerance, blood lipids and anthropometric measurements at age 49-51 y. Out of a target sample of 979 people for whom sufficient data are available on the first year of life, 866 (88%) have been traced and 649 are still resident in the North of England. Those study members who have been traced are highly representative of the original cohort. The Thousand Families cohort provides a unique opportunity for detailed epidemiological study because of the wealth of data available on infant and childhood socioeconomic and family circumstances, all of which was collected prospectively. In addition, there has been comparatively little loss to follow-up since 1948.
KW  - Cohort
KW  - Infection
KW  - Lifecourse
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Socioeconomic
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - disease risk
KW  - respiratory disease
KW  - risk factor
KW  - socioeconomic status
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - adult disease
KW  - anthropometric parameters
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - child
KW  - child health
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - diabetes mellitus
KW  - female
KW  - glucose tolerance test
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - lifestyle
KW  - lipid blood level
KW  - lung function test
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - morbidity
KW  - newborn
KW  - nutrition
KW  - physical development
KW  - respiratory tract disease
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - England
KW  - Tyneside
KW  - UK
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
N1  - Cited By :41
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PUHEA
C2  - 9581450
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lamont, D.W.; University of Newcastle, Sir James Spence Inst. Child Health, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Barker, D.J.P., (1992) Fetal and Infant Origins of Adult Disease, , BMJ Publishing Group: London; 
Barker, D.J.P., (1994) Mothers, Babies and Disease in Later Life, , BMJ Publishing Group: London; 
Barker, D.J.P., Relation of birthweight and childhood respiratory infection to adult lung function and death from chronic obstructive airways disease (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 671-675; 
Barker, D.J.P., Relation of fetal and infant growth to plasma flbrinogen and Factor VII concentrations in adult life (1992) BMJ, 304, pp. 148-152; 
Barker, D.J.P., Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia (Syndrome X): Relation to reduced fetal growth (1993) Diabetologia, 36, pp. 62-67; 
Hales, C.N., Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64 (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 1019-1022; 
Koupilova, I., Leon, D.A., Vagero, D., Can confounding by sociodemographic and behavioural factors explain the association between size at birth and blood pressure at age 50 in Sweden? (1997) J Epidemiol Community Health, 51, pp. 14-18; 
Kramer, M.S., Joseph, K.S., Enigma of the fetal/infant origins hypothesis (1996) Lancer, 348, pp. 1254-1255; 
Fall, C.H.D., Fetal and infant growth and cardiovascular risk factors in women (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 428-432; 
Frankel, S., Birth weight, body mass index in middle age, and incident coronary heart disease (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1478-1480; 
Leon, D.A., Failure to realise growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50 year old Swedish men (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 401-406; 
Lithell, H.O., Relation of size at birth to non-insulin dependent diabetes and insulin concentrations in men aged 50-60 years (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 406-410; 
McCance, D.R., Birth weight and non-insulin dependent diabetes: Thrifty genotype, thrifty phenotype, or surviving small baby genotype? (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 942-945; 
Whincup, P.H., Childhood size is more strongly related than size at birth to glucose and insulin levels in 10-11 year old children (1997) Diabetalogia, 40, pp. 319-326; 
Taylor, S.J.C., Size at birth and blood pressure: Cross-sectional study in 8-11 year old children (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 475-480; 
Colley, J.R.T., Douglas, J.W.B., Reid, D.D., Respiratory disease in young adults: Influence of early childhood lower respiratory tract illness, social class, air pollution and smoking (1973) BMJ, 2, pp. 195-198; 
Shaheen, S.O., The relationship between pneumonia in early childhood and impaired lung function in late adult life (1994) Am J Respir Crir Care Med, 149, pp. 616-619; 
Gliksman, M.D., Childhood socioeconomic status and risk of cardiovascular disease in middle aged US women: A prospective study (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 10-15; 
Wannamethee, S.G., Whincup, P.H., Shaper, G., Walker, M., Influence of father's social class on cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1259-1263; 
Blane, D., Association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with socioeconomic position during childhood and during adulthood (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 1434-1438; 
Bartley, M., Birth weight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: Evidence from the 1958 British cohort study (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 1475-1479; 
Ben-Shlomo, Y., Davey Smith, G., Deprivation in infancy or in adult life: Which is more important for mortality risk? (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 530-534; 
Davey Smith, G., Lifetime socioeconomic position and mortality: Prospective observational study (1997) BMJ, 314, pp. 547-552; 
Power, C., Hertzman, C., Social and biological pathways linking early life and adult disease (1997) Fetal and Early Childhood Environment: Long Term Health Implications. Br Med Bull, 53, pp. 210-221. , Marmot M, Wadsworth M (eds); 
Paneth, N., Susser, M., Early origin of coronary heart disease (the 'Barker hypothesis') (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 411-412; 
Martyn, C.N., Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Mothers' pelvic size, fetal growth, and death from stroke and coronary heart disease in men in the UK (1996) Lancet, 348, pp. 1264-1268; 
Spence, J.C., Miller, F.J.W., (1939) Report of an Investigation into the Causes of Infantile Mortality in Newcastle Upon Tyne, , Christie, Malcolm: Newcastle upon Tyne, 1941; 
Spence, J., Walton, W.S., Miller, F.J.W., Court, S.D.M., A Thousand Families in Newcastle Upon Tyne, , Oxford University Press: London, 1954; 
Miller, F.J.W., Court, S.D.M., Walton, W.S., Knox, E.G., (1960) Growing Up in Newcastle Upon Tyne, , Oxford University Press: London; 
Miller, F.J.W., Court, S.D.M., Knox, E.G., Brandon, S., (1974) The School Years in Newcastle Upon Tyne 1952-62, , Oxford University Press: London; 
Miller, F.J.W., Kolvin, I., Fells, H., Becoming deprived: A cross-generation study based on the Newcastle upon Tyne 1000-Family Survey (1985) Longitudinal Studies in Child Psychology and Psychiatry, , Nicol AR (ed). John Wiley: London; 
Kolvin, I., A longitudinal study of deprivation: Life cycle changes in one generation - Implications for the next generation (1983) Epidemiological Approaches in Child Psychiatry 11, 11. , Schmidt MH, Remschmidt H (eds), G. Thieme Verlag: Stuttgart; 
Kolvin, I., Parent, Child, Grandchild: The transmission of disadvantage (1988) The Child in His Family, pp. 535-559. , Anthony EJ, Childand C (eds). Wiley: New York; 
Kolvin, I., (1990) Continuities of Deprivation: The Newcastle Thousand Families Study, , Gower, Aldershot; 
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Wadsworth, M., The survey that shocked the nation (1996) MRC News, pp. 28-32; 
Gunnell, D.J., Lifecourse exposure and later disease: A follow-up study based on a survey of family diet and health in pre-war Britain (1996) Public Health, 110, pp. 85-94; 
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Hart, C.L., Pre-existing ischaemic heart disease and ischaemic heart disease mortality in women compared with men (1997) Int J Epidemiol, 26, pp. 508-515; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031924905&partnerID=40&md5=eceede60ff7f14306951ae036ef488db
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: Associations with parental obesity
T2  - Archives of Disease in Childhood
J2  - ARCH. DIS. CHILD.
VL  - 77
IS  - 5
SP  - 376
EP  - 381
PY  - 1997
SN  - 00039888 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lake, J.K.
AU  - Power, C.
AU  - Cole, T.J.
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC Dunn Nutrition Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom
AB  - Objectives - To assess relations between the adiposity of children and their parents and to establish whether tracking of adiposity from childhood to adulthood varies according to the parental body mass index (BMI). Methods - Longitudinal data from the 1958 British birth cohort study were used (6540 men and 6207 women). The height and weight of the study subjects were measured at 7, 11, 16, 23 (self reported), and 33 years. Parental height and weight wore self reported when their children were 11 years old. The children were classified into six parental BMI (weigh/height) groups. Results - At each age of follow up the mean BMI of the children increased as the parental BMI increased. Higher risks of adult (33 year) obesity were evident among children with overweight or obese parents: the odds for sons and daughters with two obese parents (compared with those with both parents of normal BMI) were 8.4 and 6.8, respectively. The children of two obese parents also showed the strongest child to adult tracking of BMI as indicated by the correlation between ages 7 and 33 (r = 0.46, 0.54, sons and daughters, respectively). Conclusions - The children of obese and overweight parents have an increased risk of obesity. Subjects with two obese parents are fatter in childhood and also show a stronger pattern of tracking from childhood to adulthood as the prevalence of parental obesity increases in the general population the of child to adult tracking of BMI is likely to strengthen.
KW  - Body mass index
KW  - Child to adult tracking
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Parent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - body mass
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - disease association
KW  - disease predisposition
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - male
KW  - obesity
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - self report
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Child
KW  - Child of Impaired Parents
KW  - Fathers
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Mothers
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Sex Factors
N1  - Cited By :235
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ADCHA
C2  - 9487953
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lake, J.K.; Department of Epidemiol./Pub. Hlth., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
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Wpt, J., The origins and consequences of obesity (1996) Ciba Foundation Symposium 201, , Chichester: Wiley; 
Garn, S.M., Clark, D.C., Trends in fatness and the origins of obesity (1976) Pediatrics, 57, pp. 443-456; 
Guillaume, M., Lapidus, L., Beckers, F., Lambert, A., Bjorntorp, P., Familial trends of obesity through three generations: The Belgian-Luxembourg child study (1996) Int J Obes, 19, pp. S5-9; 
Maffeis, C., Micciolo, R., Must, A., Zaffariello, M., Pinelli, L., Parental and perinatal factors associated with childhood obesity in north-east Italy (1994) Int J Obes, 18, pp. 301-305; 
Charney, E., Goodman, H.C., McBride, M., Lyon, B., Pratt, R., Childhood antecedents of adult obesity. Do chubby infants become obese adults? (1976) N Engl J Med, 295, pp. 6-9; 
Esposito-Del Puente, A., Scalfi, L., De Filippo, E., Familial and environmental influences on body composition and body fat distribution in childhood in southern Italy (1994) Int J Obes, 18, pp. 596-601; 
Garn, S.M., Sullivan, T.V., Hawthorne, V.M., Fatness and obesity of the parents of obese individuals (1989) Am J Clin Nutr, 50, pp. 1308-1313; 
Stunkard, A.J., Sorenson, T.I.A., Hanis, C., An adoption study of human obesity (1986) N Engl J Med, 314, pp. 193-198; 
Keiller, S.M., Colley, J.R.T., Carpenter, R.G., Obesity in school children and their parents (1979) Ann Hum Biol, 6, pp. 443-455; 
Price, R.A., Stunkard, A.J., Ness, R., Childhood onset (age < 10) obesity has high familial risk (1990) Int J Obes, 15, pp. 185-195; 
Ayatollahi, S.M.T., Obesity in school children and their parents in southern Iran (1992) Int J Obes, 16, pp. 845-850; 
Duran-Tauleria, E., Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., Factors associated with weight for height and skinfold thickness in British children (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 466-473; 
Greenlund, K.J., Liu, K., Dyer, A.R., Kiefe, C.I., Burke, G.L., Yunis, C., Body mass index in young adults: Associations with parental body size and education in the CARDIA study (1996) Am J Public Health, 86, pp. 480-485; 
Lissau, I., Sorensen, T.I.A., Parental neglect during childhood and increased risk of obesity in young adulthood (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 324-327; 
Lissau-Lund-Sorensen, I., Sorensen, T.I.A., Prospective study of the influence of social factors in childhood on risk of overweight in young adulthood (1992) Int J Obes, 16, pp. 169-175; 
Lissau, I., Sorensen, T.I.A., School difficulties in childhood and risk of overweight in young adulthood: A ten year prospective population study (1993) Int J Obes, 17, pp. 169-175; 
Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., National study of health and growth: Social and biological factors associated with weight-for-height and triceps skinfold of children from ethnic groups in England (1987) Ann Hum Biol, 14, pp. 231-248; 
Ravelli, G.P., Belmont, L., Obesity in nineteen year old men: Family size and birth order associations (1979) Am J Epidemiol, 109, pp. 66-70; 
Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., National study for health and growth: Social and family factors and obesity in primary school children (1982) Ann Hum Biol, 9, pp. 131-145; 
Locard, E., Mamelle, N., Billette, A., Miginiac, M., Munoz, F., Rey, S., Risk factors of obesity in a 5 year old population - Parental versus environmental factors (1992) Int J Obes, 16, pp. 721-729; 
Gortmaker, S.L., Must, A., Sobol, A.M., Peterson, K., Colditz, G.A., Dietz, W.H., Television viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the United States, 1986-1990 (1996) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 150, pp. 356-362; 
Dietz, W., Factors associated with childhood obesity (1991) Nutrition, 7, pp. 290-291; 
Dietz, W.H., Gortmaker, S.L., Do we fatten our children at the television set? Obesity and television viewing in children and adolescents (1985) Pediatrics, 75, pp. 807-812; 
Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Deheeger, M., Akrout, M., Bellisle, F., Influence of macronutrients on adiposity development: A follow up study of nutrition and growth from 10 months to 8 years of age (1995) Int J Obes, 19, pp. 573-578; 
Sorensen, T.I.A., Holst, C., Stunkard, A.J., Skovgaard, L.T., Correlations of body mass index of adult adoptees and their biological and adoptive relatives (1992) Int J Obes, 16, pp. 227-236; 
Serdula, M.K., Ivery, D., Coates, R.J., Freedman, D.S., Williamson, D.F., Byers, T., Do obese children become obese adults? A review of the literature (1993) Prev Med, 22, pp. 167-177; 
Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Measurement and long-term health risks of child/adolescent fatness (1997) Int J Obes, 21, pp. 507-526; 
Power, C., Lake, J.K., Cole, T.J., Body mass index and height from childhood to adult life in the 1958 British birth cohort (1997) Am J Clin Nutr, 66; 
Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 
Ferri, E., (1993) Life at 33: The Fifth Follow-up of the National Child Development Study, , London: National Children's Bureau; 
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Must, A., Dallai, G.E., Dietz, W.H., Reference data for obesity: 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index (wt/ht2) and triceps skinfold thickness (1991) Am J Clin Nutr, 53, pp. 839-846; 
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Shah, M., Hannan, P.J., Jeffery, R.W., Secular trend in body mass index in the adult population of three communities from the upper mid-western part of the USA: The Minnesota Heart Health Program (1991) Int J Obes, 15, pp. 499-503; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030825835&partnerID=40&md5=bb348be4e92c5321e3c07811804807dd
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - No evidence for decreasing semen quality in four birth cohorts of 1,055 Danish men born between 1950 and 1970
T2  - Fertility and Sterility
J2  - Fertil. Steril.
VL  - 68
IS  - 6
SP  - 1059
EP  - 1064
PY  - 1997
DO  - 10.1016/S0015-0282(97)00377-4
SN  - 00150282 (ISSN) 
AU  - Rasmussen, P.E.
AU  - Erb, K.
AU  - Westergaard, L.G.
AU  - Laursen, S.B.
AD  - Fertility Clinic, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
AD  - Fertility Clinic, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
AB  - Objective: To compare the quality of semen in 1,055 Danish men born between 1950 and 1970 who are assumed to represent a random sample of the Danish male population of fertile age. Design: Retrospective review of data on semen quality at the time of the female partner's first IVF treatment. Setting: The Fertility Clinic, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. Patient(s): One thousand fifty-five male partners of women with tubal infertility who were referred for IVF treatment consecutively during the period 1990-1996. Intervention(s): Analysis of the semen samples delivered and used in connection with the couples' first IVF treatment. Main Outcome Measure(s): Year of birth, age at time of sample collection, sperm concentration, and semen volume. Result(s): The mean sperm concentration (± SD) was 183.7 x 106 mL and the mean semen volume (± SD) was 3.9 mL. A considerable variation in both parameters was found from year to year, but no significant change occurred in either parameter throughout the entire period. When four birth cohorts were compared, a later year of birth was not associated with any change in sperm concentration or semen volume. Conclusion(s): Sperm concentration and semen volume were not related to year of birth, indicating that sperm quality has not changed in the Danish male population during the last 20-30 years.
KW  - Male factor infertility
KW  - Semen quality
KW  - Semen volume
KW  - Sperm concentration
KW  - Time-related change
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - female infertility
KW  - fertilization in vitro
KW  - human
KW  - human cell
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - meta analysis
KW  - priority journal
KW  - retrospective study
KW  - semen abnormality
KW  - semen analysis
KW  - seminal plasma
KW  - spermatozoon count
KW  - uterine tube sterilization
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Denmark
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infertility, Female
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Semen
KW  - Sperm Count
N1  - Cited By :54
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: FESTA
C2  - 9418697
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Rasmussen, P.E.; Fertility Clinic, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
N1  - References: Carlsen, E., Giwercman, A., Keiding, N., Skakkebaek, N.E., Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years (1992) Br Med J, 305, pp. 609-613; 
Sharpe, R.M., Skakkebaek, N.E., Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tracts? (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 1392-1395; 
Sherins, R.J., Are semen quality and male fertility changing? (1995) N Engl J Med, 332, p. 327; 
Bromwich, P., Cohen, J., Stewart, I., Walker, A., Decline in sperm counts: An artefact of changed reference range of "normal"? (1994) Br Med J, 309, pp. 19-22; 
Olsen, G.W., Bodner, K.M., Ramlow, J.M., Ross, C.E., Lipshultz, L.I., Have sperm counts been reduced 50 percent in 50 years? A statistical model revisited (1995) Fertil Steril, 63, pp. 887-893; 
Farrow, S., Falling sperrn quality: Fact or fiction? (1994) Br Med J, 309, pp. 1-2; 
Lipshultz, L.I., "The debate continues" - The continuing debate over the possible decline in semen quality (1996) Fertil Steril, 65, pp. 909-911; 
Fisch, H., Goluboff, E.T., Geographic variations in sperm counts: A potential cause of bias in studies of semen quality (1996) Fertil Steril, 65, pp. 1044-1046; 
Auger, J., Kunstmann, J.M., Czyglik, F., Jounnat, P., Decline in semen quality among fertile men in Paris during the past 20 years (1995) N Engl J Med, 332, pp. 281-285; 
Irvine, S., Cawood, E., Richardson, D., MacDonald, E., Aitken, J., Evidence of deteriorating semen quality in the United Kingdom: Birth cohort study in 577 men in Scotland over 11 years (1996) Br Med J, 312, pp. 467-471; 
MacLeod, J., Gold, R.Z., The male factor in fertility and infertility. II. Spermatozoon counts in 1000 men of known fertility and in 1000 cases of infertile marriage (1951) J Urol, 66, pp. 436-449; 
Leto, S., Frensilli, F.J., Changing parameters of donor semen (1981) Fertil Steril, 36, pp. 766-770; 
Nelson, C.M.K., Bunge, R.G., Semen analysis: Evidence for changing parameters of male fertility potential (1974) Fertil Steril, 25, pp. 503-507; 
Bostofte, E., Serup, J., Rebbe, H., Has the fertility of Danish men declined through the years in terms of semen quality? A comparison of semen qualities between 1952 and 1972 (1983) Int J Fertil, 28, pp. 91-95; 
Paulsen, C.A., Berman, N.G., Wang, C., Data from men in greater Seattle area reveals no downward trend in semen quality: Further evidence that deterioration of semen quality is not geographically uniform (1996) Fertil Steril, 65, pp. 1015-1020; 
(1992) Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semen and Semen-cervical Mucus Interaction. 3rd Ed., p. 4. , New York: Cambridge University Press; 
Neuwinger, J., Behre, H.M., Nieschlag, E., External quality control in the andrology laboratory: An experimental multicenter trial (1990) Fertil Steril, 54, pp. 308-314; 
Mortimer, D., Templeton, A.A., Lenton, E.A., Coleman, R.A., Influence of abstinence and ejaculation-to-analysis delay on semen analysis parameters of suspected infertile men (1982) Arch Androl, 8, pp. 251-256; 
Sherman, J.K., Guidelines for the banking of human semen (1979) Newsletter of the American Association of Tissue Banks, 3, pp. 7-8; 
Bujan, L., Mansat, A., Pontonnier, F., Mieusset, R., Time series analysis of sperm concentration in fertile men in Toulouse, France between 1977 and 1992 (1996) Br Med J, 312, pp. 471-472; 
Fisch, H., Feldshuh, J., Goluboff, E.T., Broder, S.J., Olson, J.H., Borad, D.H., Semen analyses in 1,283 men from the United States over a 25-year period: No decline in quality (1996) Fertil Steril, 65, pp. 109-114; 
MacLeod, J., Wang, Y., Male fertility potential in terms of semen quality: A review of the past, a study of the present (1979) Fertil Steril, 31, pp. 103-116; 
Souminen, J., Vierula, M., Semen quality in Finnish men (1993) Br Med J, 306, p. 1579
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031466596&doi=10.1016%2fS0015-0282%2897%2900377-4&partnerID=40&md5=e802e1e0f1b945ea4605fb4ec137d813
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Is semen quality related to the year of birth among Danish infertility clients?
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Int. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 26
IS  - 6
SP  - 1289
EP  - 1297
PY  - 1997
DO  - 10.1093/ije/26.6.1289
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Zheng, Y.
AU  - Bonde, J.P.E.
AU  - Ernst, E.
AU  - Mortensen, J.T.
AU  - Egense, J.
AD  - Steno Institute of Public Health, Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Aarhus, Denmark
AD  - Department of Gynecology, University Hospital of Aarhus, Denmark
AD  - Department of Occupational Medicine, Hospital of Aalborg, Aalborg, Denmark
AD  - Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sønderborg Sygehus, Sønderborg, Denmark
AD  - Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Aarhus, Noerrebrogade 37-39, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
AB  - Background. There is circumstantial evidence that human sperm count may have declined during past decades. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between semen quality and year of birth. Methods. The study comprised 8608 men consulting four Danish medical centres from 1968 to 1992 because of infertility. Data on semen quality and urogenital disorders were obtained from medical records while lifestyle data were collected from a subset of the population by a postal questionnaire (response 80%). Semen characteristics were analysed as a linear function of year of birth, centre, season and calendar year at time of semen examination, sexual abstinence and lifestyle factors. Effects of age were accounted for by restriction and stratified analysis. Results. The sperm count declined with increasing year of birth at two of the four centres, but this association disappeared when confounders were adjusted for. Within the subset of men born 1950-1970 we revealed a decrease in the average sperm count by 1.9 mill/ml (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.45, 2.27) per one advancing year of birth. This was consistent across centres even after adjustment for effects of covariates. The proportion of morphologically normal sperm cells changed in parallel with the sperm count, while semen volume did not decline in any time periods. Conclusions. We found a birth cohort effect on sperm count and morphology among Danish infertile men born after 1950 but not in men born in the first part of the century. The findings are compatible with an environmental impact during prenatal life but the evidence is far from unequivocal.
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - denmark
KW  - female
KW  - growth
KW  - human
KW  - infertility
KW  - lifestyle
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - medical record
KW  - priority journal
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - sexual behavior
KW  - sperm
KW  - spermatozoon count
KW  - urogenital tract disease
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aging
KW  - Denmark
KW  - Female
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infertility, Male
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Semen
KW  - Sperm Count
KW  - Spermatozoa
N1  - Cited By :29
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJEPB
C2  - 9447409
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Bonde, J.P.E.; Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Aarhus, Noerrebrogade 37-39, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
N1  - References: Leto, S., Frensilli, F.J., Changing parameters of donor semen (1981) Fertil Steril, 36, pp. 766-770; 
Auger, J., Czyglik, F., Kunstmann, J.M., Jouannet, P., Significant decrease of semen characteristics of fertile men from Paris area during the last 20 years (1994) N Engl J Med, 332, pp. 281-285; 
Van Waeleghem, K., De Clercq, N., Vermeulen, L., Schoonjans, F., Comhaire, F., Detonation of sperm quality in young Belgian men during recent decades (1994) Human Reproduction, 9 (SUPPL. 4), p. 73; 
Irvine, S., Cawood, E., Richardson, D., MacDonald, E., Aitken, J., Evidence of deteriorating semen quality in the United Kingdom: Birth cohort study in 577 men in Scotland over 11 years (1996) Br Med J, 312, pp. 467-471; 
Macleod, J., Wang, Y., Male fertility potential in terms of semen quality: A review of the past, a study of the present (1979) Fertil Steril, 31, pp. 103-116; 
Bendvold, E., Semen quality in Norwegian men over a 20-year period (1989) Int J Fertil, 34, pp. 401-404; 
Bostofte, E., Serup, J., Rebbe, H., Has the fertility of Danish men declined through the years in terms of semen quality? A comparison of semen qualities between 1952 and 1972 (1983) Int J Fertil, 28, pp. 91-95; 
James, W.H., Secular trend in reported sperm counts (1980) Andrologia, 12, pp. 381-388; 
Osser, S., Liedholm, P., Ranstam, J., Depressed semen quality: A study over two decades (1984) Arch Androl, 12, pp. 113-116; 
Carlsen, E., Giwercmann, A., Keiding, N., Skakkebæk, N.E., Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years (1992) Br Med J, 305, pp. 609-613; 
Farrow, S., Falling sperm quality: Fact or fiction? (1994) Br Med J, 309, pp. 1-2; 
Olsen, G.W., Bodner, K.M., Ramlow, J.M., Ross, C.E., Lipschultz, L.I., Have sperm counts been reduced 50 percent in 50 years? A statistical model revisited (1995) Fertil Steril, 63, pp. 887-893; 
Bromwich, P., Cohen, J., Stewart, I., Walker, A., Decline in sperm counts: An artefact of changed reference range of 'normal'? (1994) Br Med J, 309, pp. 19-22; 
Fisch, H., Goiuboff, E.T., Geographic variations in sperm counts: A potential cause of bias in studies of semen quality (1996) Fertil Steril, 65, pp. 1044-1046; 
Tummon, I.S., Mortimer, D., Decreasing quality of semen (1992) Br Med J, 305, pp. 1228-1229; 
Brake, A., Krause, W., Decreasing quality of semen (1992) Br Med J, 305, p. 1498; 
Paulsen, C.A., Berman, N.G., Wang, C., Data from men in greater Seattle area reveals no downward trend in semen quality: Further evidence that deterioration of semen quality is not geographically uniform (1996) Fertil Steril, 65, pp. 1015-1020; 
Fisch, H., Feldshuh, J., Goluboff, E.T., Broder, S.J., Barad, D.H., Semen analyses in 1283 men from the United States over a 25-year period: No decline in quality (1996) Fertil Steril, 65, pp. 1009-1014; 
Bonde, J.P., Giwercman, A., Occupational hazards to male fecundity (1995) Reprod Med Rev, 4, pp. 59-73; 
Colborn, T., Clement, C., Chemically-induced alterations in sexual and functional development: The wildlife/human connection (1992) Advances in Modern Environmental Toxicology, 21. , Princeton, NJ: Princeton Scientific Publishing Co., Inc; 
Sharpe, R.M., Skakkebaek, N.E., Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract? (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 1392-1395; 
Kelce, W.R., Stone, C.R., Laws, S.C., Gray, L.E., Kemppainen, J.A., Wilson, E.M., Persistent DDT metabolite p,p -DDE is a potent androgen receptor antagonist (1995) Nature, 375, pp. 581-585; 
Kelce, W.R., Monosson, E., Gamcsik, M.P., Laws, S.C., Gray, L.E.J., Environmental hormone disruptors: Evidence that vinclozolin developmental toxicity is mediated by antiandrogenic metabolites (1994) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 126, pp. 276-285; 
Macleod, J., Semen quality in one thousand men of known fertility and in eight hundred cases of infertile marriage (1951) Fertil Sleril, 2, pp. 115-139; 
Mortensen, J.T., Risk for reduced sperm quality among metal workers, with special reference to welders (1988) Scan J Work Environ Health, 14, pp. 27-30; 
Belsey, M.A., (1980) WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semen and Semen Cervical Mucus Interaction, , Singapore: WHO, Press Concern; 
Homonnai, Z.T., Fainman, N., David, M.P., Paz, G.F., Semen quality and sex hormone pattern of 29 middle aged men (1982) Andrologia, 14, pp. 164-170; 
Schwartz, D., Mayaux, M.J., Spira, A., Study of a group of 484 fertile men. Part II: Relation between age (20-59) and semen characteristics (1981) Int J Androl, 4, pp. 450-465; 
Schwartz, D., Mayaux, M.J., Spira, A., Semen characteristics as a function of age in 833 fertile men (1983) Fertil Steril, 39, pp. 530-535; 
Ratcliffe, J.M., Schrader, S.M., Clapp, D.E., Halperin, W.E., Turner, T.W., Hornung, R.W., Semen quality in workers exposed to 2-ethoxyethanol (1989) Br J Ind Med, 46, pp. 399-406; 
Welch, L., Schrader, S., Turner, T., Cullen, M., Effects of exposure to ethylene glycol ethers on shipyard painters: II. Male reproduction (1988) Am J Ind Med, 14, pp. 509-526; 
Bonde, J.P., Semen quality and sex hormones among mild steel and stainless steel welders: A cross sectional study (1990) Br J Ind Med, 47, pp. 508-514; 
Johnson, L., Petty, C.S., Neaves, W.B., Influence of age on sperm production and testicular weights in men (1984) J Reprod Fertil, 70, pp. 211-218; 
Neaves, W.B., Johnson, L., Porter, J.C., Parker, C.R.J., Petty, C.S., Leydig cell numbers, daily sperm production, and serum gonadotropin levels in aging men (1984) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 59, pp. 756-763; 
Schwartz, D., Laplanche, A., Jouannet, P., David, G., Within-subject variability of human semen in regard to sperm count, volume and number of spermatozoa and length of abstinence (1979) J Reprod Fertil, 57, pp. 391-395; 
Rachootin, P., Olsen, J., Prevalence and socioeconomic correlates of subfecundity and spontaneous abortion in Denmark (1982) Int J Androl, 11, pp. 245-249
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031449158&doi=10.1093%2fije%2f26.6.1289&partnerID=40&md5=ef9458877bb256b55b57b6b5067d9ad1
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Estimation and projections of colorectal cancer trends in Italy
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - INT. J. EPIDEMIOL.
VL  - 26
IS  - 5
SP  - 924
EP  - 932
PY  - 1997
DO  - 10.1093/ije/26.5.924
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Capocaccia, R.
AU  - De Angelis, R.
AU  - Frova, L.
AU  - Gatta, G.
AU  - Sant, M.
AU  - Micheli, A.
AU  - Berrino, F.
AU  - Conti, E.
AU  - Gafà, L.
AU  - Roncuccl, L.
AU  - Verdecchia, A.
AD  - Lab. of Epidemiol. and Biostatistics, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
AD  - National Institute of Statistics, Rome, Italy
AD  - Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
AD  - Latina Cancer Registry, Latins, Italy
AD  - Ragusa Cancer Registry, Ragusa, Italy
AD  - Colorectal Cancer Registry, Modena, Italy
AB  - Background. Occurrence of and prognosis for tumours of the colon and rectum are thought to be changing rapidly due to simultaneous changes in risk factor prevalence, early diagnosis and treatment. In this paper time trends of morbidity, survival and mortality for colorectal cancer during the period 1970-1990 are estimated and analysed. Methods. Mortality trends were obtained from official death certificates. Relative survival rates were computed from population-based cancer registries. Incidence and prevalence rates were estimated from mortality and survival data. Results. Incidence rates were increasing during the period considered, with a lower rate of increase for the youngest birth cohorts. Relative survival rates of both colon and rectum cancers were higher for women, and for younger age groups, and were positively associated with period of diagnosis. No significant survival difference among the cancer registries used was found. A total of about 155,000 prevalent cases, 40% of which had been diagnosed ≤ 7 years before, were estimated in the Italian population for the year 1990. Mortality rates were slightly increasing for men and stable for women. Projections of colorectal cancer trends to the year 2000 indicate major expected rises in both incidence and prevalence. Conclusion. Colorectal cancer represents a problem of growing impact for health services in Italy. This conclusion can probably be extended to many developed countries.
KW  - Colorectal cancer
KW  - Italy
KW  - Occurrence
KW  - Survival
KW  - Time trends
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cancer registry
KW  - cancer survival
KW  - colon cancer
KW  - colorectal cancer
KW  - death certificate
KW  - early diagnosis
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - italy
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prognosis
KW  - rectum cancer
KW  - risk factor
KW  - sex difference
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Colorectal Neoplasms
KW  - Female
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Humans
KW  - Italy
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Predictive Value of Tests
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Registries
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Sex Distribution
KW  - Survival Rate
N1  - Cited By :34
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJEPB
C2  - 9363511
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Capocaccia, R.; Lab. Epidemiology Biostatistics, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
N1  - References: Coleman, M.P., Estève, J., Damiecki, P., Arslan, H., Renard, A., (1993) Trends in Cancer Incidence and Mortality, , Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC Sci Pub. No 121; 
Berrino, F., Krogh, V., I consumi alimentari in Italia in relazione ai tumori dell'apparato digerente (1996) Ann Ist Super Sanità, 4, pp. 421-432. , Capocaccia R, Verdecchia A, Terracini B (eds). Epidemiologia dei tumori dell'apparato digerente in Italia; 
Berrino, F., Sant, M., Verdecchia, A., Capocaccia, R., Estève, J., Hakulinen, T., (1995) Survival of Cancer Patients in Europe, , Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC Sci Pub No.132; 
Capocaccia, R., Farchi, G., Prati, S., (1990) La Mortalità in Italia Nell'anno 1990, , Reports of the Istituto Superiore di Sanità, ISTISAN 93/23; 
Capocaccia, R., Caselli, G., (1990) Popolazione Residente Per Età e Sesso Nelle Province Italiane, , Dipartimento di Scienze Demografiche dell'Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza'. Fonti e Strumenti 2; 
Capocaccia, R., De Angelis, R., Frova, L., Estimation and projections of stomach cancer trends in Italy (1995) Cancer Causes Control, 6, pp. 339-346; 
Hakulinen, T., On long term relative survival rates (1977) J Chron Dis, 30, pp. 431-443; 
Hakulinen, T., Tenkanen, L., Abeywickrama, K., Testing equality of relative survival patterns based on aggregated data (1987) Biometrics, 43, pp. 313-325; 
Hakulinen, T., Abeywickrama, K., A computer program package for relative survival analysis (1987) Comput Prog Biomed, 19, pp. 197-207; 
Estève, J., Benumou, E., Croasdale, M., Raymond, L., Relative survival and the estimation of net survival: Elements for further discussion (1990) Stat Med, 9, pp. 529-538; 
Ponz, M., Micheli, A., Gatta, G., La sopravvivenza per tumori del colon e del retto in Italia (1996) Ann Ist Super Sanità, 4, pp. 527-536. , Capocuccia R, Verdecchia A. Terracini B (eds). Epidemiologia dei tumori dell'apparuto digerente in Italia; 
Verdecchia, A., Capocaccia, R., Egidi, V., Golini, A., A method for the estimation of chronic disease morbidity and trends from mortality data (1989) Stat Med, 8, pp. 201-216; 
Capocaccia, R., Verdecchia, A., Micheli, A., Sant, M., Qatta, G., Berrino, F., Breast cancer incidence and prevalence estimated from survival and mortality (1990) Cancer Causes Control, 1, pp. 23-30; 
Capocaccia, R., Micheli, A., Berrino, F., Time trends of lung and larynx cancers in Italy (1994) Int J Cancer, 57, pp. 1-8; 
De Angelis, R., Frova, L., Capocaccia, R., Verdecchia, A., Incidenza e prevalenza dei tumori dell'apparato digerente in Italia: Stime dai dati di mortalità (1996) Ann Ist Super Sanità, 4, pp. 537-550. , Capocaccia R, Verdecchia A, Terracini B (eds). Epidemiologia del tumori dell'apparato digerente in Italia; 
Capocaccia, R., Negri, E., La Vecchia, C., Decarli, A., Time trends of lung cancer in Italy (1993) Eur J Cancer, 29 A, pp. 1288-1292; 
Zanetti, R., Crosignani, P., (1992) Cancer in Italy, Incidence Data from Cancer Registries, 1983-1987, , Torino, Italy: Lega Italiana per la lotta contro i tumori; 
Sant, M., Capocaccia, R., Verdecchia, A., Comparisons of colon cancer survival among European countries: The EUROCARE study (1995) Int J Cancer, 63, pp. 43-48; 
Tomatis, L., (1990) Cancer: Causes, Occurrence and Control, , Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC Sci Pub. No. 100; 
DeCosse, J.J., Ngoi, S.-S., Jacobson, J.S., Gender and colorectal cancer (1993) Eur J Cancer Prevention, 2, pp. 105-115; 
Haller, D.G., An overview of adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer (1995) Eur J Cancer, 31 A, pp. 1255-1263; 
Negri, E., La Vecchia, C., Decarli, A., Projection to the end of the century of mortality from major cancer sites in Italy (1990) Tumori, 76, pp. 420-428; 
Steele, G., Follow-up plans after treatment of primary colon and rectum cancer (1991) World J Surg, 15, pp. 583-588
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030718560&doi=10.1093%2fije%2f26.5.924&partnerID=40&md5=75cad1b8e252f58a7ecdaaf14ebebab2
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Investigation into the increase in hay fever and eczema at age 16 observed between the 1958 and 1970 British birth cohorts
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - BR. MED. J.
VL  - 315
IS  - 7110
SP  - 717
EP  - 721
PY  - 1997
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Butland, B.K.
AU  - Strachan, D.P.
AU  - Lewis, S.
AU  - Bynner, J.
AU  - Butler, N.
AU  - Britton, J.
AD  - Department of Public Health Sciences, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom
AD  - Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
AD  - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London EC1V OHB, United Kingdom
AD  - Social Statistics Research Unit, United Kingdom
AD  - Intl. Centre for Child Studies, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective: To investigate whether changes in certain perinatal and social factors explain the increased prevalence of hay fever and eczema among British adolescents between 1974 and 1986. Design: Two prospective birth cohort studies. Setting: England, Wales, and Scotland. Subjects: 11,195 children born 3-9 March 1958 and 9387 born 5-11 April 1970. Main outcome measures: Parental reports of eczematous rashes and of hay fever or allergic rhinitis in the previous 12 months at age 16. Results: The prevalence of the conditions over the 12 month period increased between 1974 and 1986 from 3.1% to 6.4% (prevalence ratio 2.04 (95% confidence interval 1.79 to 2.32)) for eczema and from 12.0% to 23.3% (prevalence ratio 1.93 (1.82 to 2.06)) for hay fever. Both conditions were more commonly reported among children of higher birth order and those who were breast fed for longer than 1 month. Eczema was more commonly reported among girls and hay fever among boys. The prevalence of hay fever decreased sharply between social classes I and V, increased with maternal age up to the early 30s, and was lower in children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy. Neither condition varied significantly with birth weight. When adjusted for these factors, the relative odds of hay fever (1986 v 1974) increased from 2.23 (2.05 to 2.43) to 2.40 (2.19 to 2.63). Similarly, the relative odds of eczema rose from 2.02 (1.73 to 2.36) to 2.14 (1.81 to 2.52). Conclusions: Taken together, changes between cohorts in sex, birth weight, birth order, maternal age, breast feeding, maternal smoking during pregnancy and father's social class at birth did not seem to explain any of the observed rise in the prevalence of hay fever and eczema. However, correlates of these factors which have changed over time may still underlie recent increases in allergic disease.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - allergic rhinitis
KW  - article
KW  - birth order
KW  - birth weight
KW  - breast feeding
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - eczema
KW  - hay fever
KW  - health statistics
KW  - human
KW  - maternal welfare
KW  - perinatal period
KW  - priority journal
KW  - rash
KW  - sex difference
KW  - smoking
KW  - social aspect
KW  - social class
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Birth Order
KW  - Breast Feeding
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Eczema
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Maternal Age
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
N1  - Cited By :185
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 9314757
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Butland, B.K.; Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom; email: b.nicholas@sghms.ac.uk
N1  - References: Strachan, D.P., Time trends in asthma and allergy: Ten questions, fewer answers (1995) Clin Exp Allergy, 25, pp. 791-794; 
Burr, M.L., Butland, B.K., King, S., Vaughan-Williams, E., Changes in asthma prevalence: Two surveys 15 years apart (1989) Arch Dis Child, 64, pp. 1452-1456; 
Ninan, T.K., Russell, G., Respiratory symptoms and atopy in Aberdeen schoolchildren: Evidence from two surveys 25 years apart (1992) BMJ, 304, pp. 873-875; 
Fleming, D.M., Crombie, D.L., Prevalence of asthma and hay fever in England and Wales (1987) BMJ, 294, pp. 279-283; 
Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Wadsworth, M., Peckham, C., Changes in the reported prevalence of childhood eczema since the 1939-45 war (1984) Lancet, 2, pp. 1255-1257; 
Lewis, S., Butland, B., Strachan, D., Bynner, J., Richards, D., Butler, N., Britton, J., Study of the aetiology of wheezing illness at age 16 in two national British birth cohorts (1996) Thorax, 51, pp. 670-676; 
Golding, J., Peters, T., Eczema and hayfever (1986) From Birth to Five. A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's 5-year-olds, , Butler NR, Golding J, eds. Oxford: Pergamon Press; 
Strachan, D.P., Epidemiology of hay fever: Towards a community diagnosis (1995) Clin Exp Allergy, 25, pp. 296-303; 
Strachan, D.P., Taylor, E.M., Carpenter, R.G., Family structure, neonatal infection and hay fever in adolescence (1996) Arch Dis Child, 74, pp. 422-426; 
Von Mutius, E., Martinez, F.D., Fritzsch, C., Nicolai, T., Reitmeir, P., Thiemann, H.H., Skin test reactivity and number of siblings (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 692-695; 
Strachan, D.P., Hay fever, hygiene, and household size (1989) BMJ, 299, pp. 1259-1260; 
Saarinen, U.M., Kajosaari, M., Backman, A., Siimes, M.A., Prolonged breast feeding as prophylaxis for atopic disease (1979) Lancet, 2, pp. 163-166; 
Ronchetti, R., Bonci, E., Cutrera, R., De Castro, G., Indinnimeo, L., Midulla, F., Enhanced allergic sensitisation related to parental smoking (1992) Arch Dis Child, 67, pp. 496-500; 
(1951) Classification of Occupations, , London: HMSO; 
(1966) Classification of Occupations, , London: HMSO; 
Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven (with Full Statistical Appendix): A Report of the National Child Development Study, , London: Longman; 
Butler, N.R., Golding, J., (1986) From Birth to Five. A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's 5-year-olds, , Oxford: Pergamon Press; 
(1989) SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 6, 4th Edition, , Cary, NC; SAS Institute; 
Sibbald, B., Rink, E., D'Souza, M., Is the prevalence of atopy increasing (1990) Br J Gen Pract, 40, pp. 338-340; 
Williams, H.C., Strachan, D.P., Hay, R.J., Childhood eczema: Disease of the advantaged? (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 1132-1135; 
Nakagomi, T., Itaya, H., Tominaga, T., Yamaki, M., Hisamatsu, S., Nakagomi, O., Is atopy increasing? (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 121-122; 
Astarita, C., Harris, R.I., De Fusco, R., Franzese, A., Biscardi, D., Mazzacca, F.R.M., Altucci, P., An Epidemiological study of atopy in children (1988) Clin Allergy, 18, pp. 341-350; 
Søyseth, V., Kongerud, J., Boe, J., Postnatal maternal smoking increases the prevalence of asthma but not of bronchial hyperresponsiveness or atopy in their children (1995) Chest, 107, pp. 389-394; 
Finn, R., John Bostock, hay fever, and the mechanism of allergy (1992) Lancet, 340, pp. 1453-1455; 
(1993) Trends in Outdoor Air Pollution in the UK. Factsheet 93-5, , London: St George's Hospital Medical School Department of Public Health Sciences
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030776880&partnerID=40&md5=8a0dccc3e875ee80d62d9cef4be80d11
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Audit of ascertainment of deaths to children born in Cumbria, UK, 1950-89 through the NHS central register
T2  - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
J2  - J. EPIDEMIOL. COMMUNITY HEALTH
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
SP  - 438
EP  - 442
PY  - 1997
SN  - 0143005X (ISSN) 
AU  - Dickinson, H.O.
AU  - Parker, L.
AU  - Harris, D.
AU  - Botting, B.
AU  - Lawson, A.
AD  - Department of Child Health, Royal Victoria Infirmary, University of Newcastle, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
AD  - National Health Service Central Register, Office for National Statistics, Birkdale, Southport, United Kingdom
AD  - Office for National Statistics, St Catherine's House, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Occupational Health and Medical Statistics, Princess Royal Building, Westlakes Research Institute, Whitehaven, Cumbria, United Kingdom
AB  - Study objective - To evaluate the completeness of notification of deaths by the National Health Service Central Register (NHSCR) for England and Wales. Design - Deaths for a birth cohort were ascertained through scanning the relevant volumes of NHSCR. Attempts were made to confirm these deaths and additional deaths were ascertained through searching local records. Logistic regression was used to investigate how the probability of a death being missed by NHSCR varied with the year of birth, age at death, sex, and social class. Setting - Deaths up to the end of 1989 in the CA postal area among 264,046 children born between 1950 and 1989 to mothers living in Cumbria. Results - NHSCR originally ascertained 4139 deaths; local searches confirmed 3338 (81%) of these and found an additional 342. Most deaths missed by the NHSCR were neonatal deaths in the 1950s and 1960s. In the 1950s, 31% of children who died in the neonatal period either were not entered on NHSCR or, if they were entered, there was no record of their death. For children born from 1970 onwards, ascertainment of deaths through NHSCR was over 99% complete. Conclusions - The NHSCR was started in 1948 for the administration of records of National Health Service patients. It seems that many babies who died soon after birth were not therefore recorded. In parallel with the increasing use of NHSCR for epidemiological purposes, there has been a substantial and continuing improvement in its clerical procedures since the mid 1960s.
KW  - clerical procedure
KW  - death notification
KW  - logistic regression
KW  - methodological approach
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cause of death
KW  - data base
KW  - death certificate
KW  - human
KW  - medical audit
KW  - medical record
KW  - national health service
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Death Certificates
KW  - England
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Registries
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - UK, England, Cumbria
N1  - Cited By :5
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JECHD
C2  - 9328554
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Dickinson, H.O.; Department of Child Health, University of Newcastle, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Parker, L., Craft, A.W., Smith, J., Geographical distribution of preconceptional radiation doses to fathers employed at the Sellafiold nuclear installation, West Cumbria (1993) BMJ, 307, pp. 966-971; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030766058&partnerID=40&md5=2160e5df2384cd4bdebb3dd20569ba6a
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Changing structure, changing experiences: How policy effects reverberate through secondary‐school students’ life chances
T2  - Research Papers in Education
J2  - Res. Pap. Educ.
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
SP  - 299
EP  - 316
PY  - 1997
DO  - 10.1080/0267152970120305
SN  - 02671522 (ISSN) 
AU  - Wallace, G.
AD  - University of Derby, United States
AB  - The 1988 Education Reform Act for England and Wales reshaped relationships between government, local authorities and schools by legislating for national curricula, national assessment and formula funding. What in the 1944 Education Act had been typified as a partnership (albeit an unequal one) between these three corporate bodies‐‐each with a different role‐‐was redefined as a quasi‐market of competition and choice within a centralized system of control and accountability. Alongside this went continuing efforts to make education more vocationally relevant. Here we consider how such policy changes reverberate in the lives of secondary‐school students.Following a review of shifting policy priorities since the 1960s, we illustrate our case with evidence from a 4‐year longitudinal study of around 85 English secondary‐school students. Significant in our findings have been our observations of the way each year of secondary schooling constitutes a structured transitional state, each with its respective pattern of differentiation. We adopt the concept of ‘life chances’, seen as the differential capacities students bring into schools, to show how these are reflected in and reinforced by the way the 14‐year‐olds reacted to Standard Assessment Tests and options and the 15‐year‐olds found work experience.We show how recent changes to GCSE increasingly operate to differentiate between ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ at 16+. Dependent upon family as well as school for sources of information and support, individual students navigate their way, develop their personal aspirations and make choices in situations of which they understand little. We conclude that the widening of social divisions which has characterized the last decade or so of social policy is structured into the legislation designed to reform schooling. Whilst the innovations have been typified as a quasi‐market, designed to drive up standards through competition, there are also consequences more reminiscent of the counter‐productive ‘manpower (sic) planning’ policies of the mid‐century. We call for a national, participative, democratic debate on the kind of education required by citizens of the twenty‐first century. © 1997, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
KW  - Life chances
KW  - Parentocracy
KW  - Policy effects
KW  - Quasi‐markets
KW  - School career
KW  - Secondary school
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Wallace, G.; University of Derby, Western Road, Derby, DE3 5GX, United States; email: G.M.Wallace@derby.ac.uk
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85023734566&doi=10.1080%2f0267152970120305&partnerID=40&md5=4985f46b54c07497ba975c6d040f34a2
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - AIDS in women in the United States: Recent trends
T2  - Journal of the American Medical Association
J2  - J. AM. MED. ASSOC.
VL  - 278
IS  - 11
SP  - 911
EP  - 916
PY  - 1997
SN  - 00987484 (ISSN) 
AU  - Wortley, P.M.
AU  - Fleming, P.L.
AD  - Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Natl. Centers HIV, STD, and TB Prev., Centers for Dis. Contr. and Prev., Atlanta, GA, United States
AD  - Centers for Dis. Contr. and Prev., Mailstop E-47, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
AB  - Context - The effect of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic on women is substantial and warrants an updated analysis. Objective - To describe AIDS incidence trends in women. Design - We analyzed national surveillance data on women 13 years of age and older with AIDS reported through June 1996. Data were adjusted for reporting delay, unreported risk, and the 1993 change in AIDS surveillance case definition to assess overall trends and examine trends by age group and birth cohort. Setting - Surveillance conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in collaboration with state and local health departments. Results - In 1995, women accounted for 19% of AIDS cases in adults; AIDS incidence rates per 100 000 women were highest in black women (50.1), women in the Northeast (22.3), heterosexual contacts (5.5), and women living in metropolitan statistical areas with more than 1 million residents (15.9). Greatest increases in rates between 1991 and 1995 by region and mode of transmission were in the South and in heterosexual contacts. Greatest increases in AIDS incidence rates were observed in heterosexually infected women born between 1970 and 1974, ie, women who were 14 to 18 years old in 1988. Conclusions - These trends predict continued growth of the number of AIDS cases in women, especially in those in the South and those infected heterosexually, and suggest that successive cohorts of young women may be at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection as they reach adolescence and young adulthood. Prevention programs must reach young women before they initiate sexual activity and drug use.
KW  - acquired immune deficiency syndrome
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - female
KW  - health survey
KW  - high risk population
KW  - human
KW  - human immunodeficiency virus prevalence
KW  - intravenous drug abuse
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - priority journal
KW  - race
KW  - rural area
KW  - sexual behavior
KW  - sexual transmission
KW  - united states
KW  - urban area
KW  - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Population Surveillance
KW  - Sexual Behavior
KW  - Substance Abuse, Intravenous
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :159
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JAMAA
C2  - 9302243
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Wortley, P.M.; Centers for Dis. Ctrl. and Prev., Mailstop E-47, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, United States
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Des Jarlais, D.C., Friedman, S.R., Novick, D.M., Sotheran, J.L., Thomas, P., Yancovitz, S.R., HIV-1 infection among intravenous drug users in Manhattan, New York City, from 1977 through 1987 (1989) JAMA, 261, pp. 1008-1012; 
Des Jarlais, D.C., Friedman, S.R., Sotheran, J.L., Continuity and change within an HIV epidemic: Injecting drug users in New York City, 1984 through 1992 (1994) JAMA, 271, pp. 121-127; 
Chiasson, M.A., Stoneburner, R.L., Hildebrant, D.S., Heterosexual transmission of HIV-1 associated with use of smokeable freebase cocaine (crack) (1991) AIDS, 5, pp. 1121-1126; 
Otten, M., Zaidi, A., Peterman, T., High rate of HIV seroconversion among patients attending urban sexually transmitted disease clinics (1994) AIDS, 8, pp. 549-553; 
Diaz, T., Chu, S.Y., Crack cocaine use and sexual behavior among people with AIDS (1993) JAMA, 269, pp. 2845-2846; 
Edlin, B.R., Irwin, K.L., Faruque, S., Intersecting epidemics: Crack cocaine use and HIV infection among inner-city young adults (1994) N Engl J Med., 331, pp. 1422-1427; 
Ellerbrock, T.V., Lieb, S., Harrington, P.E., Heterosexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus infection among pregnant women in a rural Florida community (1992) N Engl J Med., 327, pp. 1704-1709; 
Epidemic early syphilis - Escambia County, Florida 1987 and July 1989-June 1990 (1991) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep., 40, pp. 323-325; 
Epidemic early syphilis - Montgomery County, Alabama, 1990-91 (1991) MMWR Morbid Mortal Wkly Rep., 40, pp. 314-323; 
Catania, J.A., Coates, T.J., Stall, R., Prevalence of AIDS-related risk factors and condom use in the United States (1992) Science, 258, pp. 1101-1106; 
Gwinn, M., Pappaioanou, M., George, R., Prevalence of HIV infection in childbearing women in the United States (1991) JAMA, 65, pp. 1704-1708; 
Gwinn, M., Wortley, P., Epidemiology of HIV infection in women and newborns (1996) Clin Obstet Gynecol., 39, pp. 292-304; 
Chu, S.Y., Hanson, D.L., Jones, J.L., Pregnancy rates among women infected with human immunodeficiency virus: The Adult/Adolescent HIV Spectrum of Disease Project Group (1996) Obstet Gynecol., 87, pp. 195-198; 
Klevens, R.M., Fleming, P.L., Neal, J.J., Li, J., Does misclassification of HIV exposure impact AIDS trends among heterosexuals in the United States? (1996) Proceedings of the XI International Conference on AIDS, , July 7-12, Vancouver, British Columbia. Abstract Th.C.340; 
Hser, Y.I., Anglin, M.D., Booth, M.W., Sex differences in addict careers, 3: Addiction (1987) Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 13, pp. 231-251; 
Vanichensi, S., Des Jarlais, D.C., Choopanya, K., Condom use with primary partners among injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand and New York City, United States (1993) AIDS, 7, pp. 887-891; 
Paone, D., Caloir, S., Shi, Q., Des Jarlais, D., Sex, drugs, and syringe exchange in New York City: Women's experiences (1995) J Am Med Wom Assoc., 50, pp. 109-114; 
Watters, J.K., Trends in risk behavior and HIV seroprevalence in heterosexual injection drug users in San Francisco, 1986-1992 (1994) J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol., 7, pp. 1276-1281; 
Continued sexual risk behavior among HIV-seropositive drug-using men - Atlanta (1996) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep., 45, pp. 151-152; 
Singh, B.K., Koman, J.J., Catan, V.M., Sexual risk behavior among injection drug-using human immunodeficiency virus-positive clients (1993) Int J Addict., 28, pp. 735-747; 
Guinan, M.E., Leviton, L., Prevention of HIV infection in women: Overcoming barriers (1995) J Am Med Worn Assoc., 50, pp. 74-77
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030773675&partnerID=40&md5=1ba1c1267c0ee0f52630b06831f8cfc0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The mortality of Royal Naval submariners 1960-1989.
T2  - Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service
J2  - J R Nav Med Serv
VL  - 83
IS  - 1
SP  - 19
EP  - 25
PY  - 1997
SN  - 00359033 (ISSN) 
AU  - Inskip, H.
AD  - MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit (University of Southampton), Southampton General Hospital.
AB  - The mortality pattern of 15,318 Royal Naval submariners has been examined to asses the long term effects on health of serving in submarines. The main outcome measures used were standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) which present the submariners' mortality rates as a percentage of those for men in England and Wales. The SMR for all causes of death combined was low at 86, this being comparable to findings in other studies of Armed Forces personnel. Cancer mortality was particularly low with an SMR of 69 and there was no particular cancer site which showed an excess. Raised mortality from digestive diseases was seen: the excess was attributable to cirrhosis of the liver which gave rise to an SMR of 221 based on 12 deaths, alcohol being a contributory factor in eight. This excess mortality from cirrhosis was concentrated in the period 1970-79 and occurred in men who had left the Royal Navy. Deaths from accidents and violence were also higher than expected with an SMR of 115, but this was due to high levels of accidents occurring after discharge from the Navy.
KW  - article
KW  - cause of death
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - military medicine
KW  - soldier
KW  - statistics
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - England
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Military Personnel
KW  - Submarine Medicine
KW  - Wales
N1  - Cited By :5
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 9282437
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Inskip, H.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030627897&partnerID=40&md5=b3ff53fb9c8ecc12adba9fac38796caa
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Secular change in psychosocial risks: The case of teenage motherhood
T2  - Psychological Medicine
J2  - PSYCHOL. MED.
VL  - 27
IS  - 5
SP  - 1129
EP  - 1144
PY  - 1997
DO  - 10.1017/S0033291797005576
SN  - 00332917 (ISSN) 
AU  - Maughan, B.
AU  - Lindelow, M.
AD  - MRC Child Psychiatry Unit, Univ. College London Medical School, Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, London, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC Child Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
AB  - Background. Many social and demographic correlates of psychiatric disorder have shown marked secular changes in recent decades. This study was designed to explore some of the implications of these trends, focusing on the illustrative case of teenage motherhood. Method. Prospective data from two British birth cohort studies (the 1946 and 1958 cohorts) were used to examine the social, educational and behavioural precursors of teenage versus older age at motherhood, and the implications of teenage motherhood for women's later marital and social circumstances and risks of psychiatric morbidity, in samples born 12 years apart. Results. Educational and social disadvantage were associated with similarly increased risks of teenage motherhood in both cohorts, but the findings suggested an additional association with teacher-rated adolescent conduct problems in the more recent sample. Rates of teacher-rated emotional problems were not elevated among teenage mothers in either cohort. In adult life, teenage motherhood was associated with a range of adverse social outcomes, including partnership breakdowns, large family size, and poorer housing conditions. Relative risks of these adult adversities were similar for teenage mothers in the two cohorts, but absolute levels of adversity were higher in the more recent sample, reflecting general secular changes in many of the indicators involved. In the later, but not the earlier, cohort, teenage motherhood was also associated with increased risks for psychiatric morbidity in adulthood. Conclusions. The findings underline the importance of taking account of secular trends in examining the impact of psychosocial risks.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adolescent pregnancy
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - controlled study
KW  - education
KW  - family size
KW  - female
KW  - housing
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - mental disease
KW  - normal human
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - social aspect
KW  - social class
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Birth Rate
KW  - Chi-Square Distribution
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Development
KW  - Cohort Effect
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Databases, Factual
KW  - Domestic Violence
KW  - Family Characteristics
KW  - Family Health
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Health Surveys
KW  - Humans
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Mental Health
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy in Adolescence
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Residence Characteristics
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Social Behavior Disorders
KW  - Social Class
N1  - Cited By :57
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PSMDC
C2  - 9300517
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Maughan, B.; MRC Child Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030800899&doi=10.1017%2fS0033291797005576&partnerID=40&md5=00fdbb4dc243fb1d0085cd2f69b50b00
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Impact of maternal and child health strategy on child survival in a rural community of pondicherry
T2  - Indian Pediatrics
J2  - Indian Pediatr.
VL  - 34
IS  - 9
SP  - 785
EP  - 792
PY  - 1997
SN  - 00196061 (ISSN) 
AU  - Dutt, D.
AU  - Srinivasa, D.K.
AD  - Dept. of Prev. and Social Medicine, Ctr. Disaster Preparedness Train., Jawaharlal Inst. Postgrad. Med. E., Pondicherry, 605 006, India
AD  - Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka 576 119, India
AB  - Objective: To determine the impact of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) services on child survival in a socio-economically backward rural community. Setting; Twelve villages in Pondicherry with a population of 16803. Design: Prospective study. Subjects: A birth cohort of 356 live births (LB) born between January 1st and December 31st 1988. Methods: The live births were followed-up from birth to five years age (1988-1993). The health care received by this cohort and the antenatal services received by the cohort mothers was reviewed. Outcome measures related to child survival were determined and their changing trend since 1967 was examined. Results: Fifty-four per cent of the cohort children were from families below the poverty line. Antenatal registration and tetanus immunization coverage of the mothers of the cohort was 100%. Immunization coverage of the cohort children was more than 98% for BCG, DPT (three doses) and OPV (three doses) and 82% for measles. The infant mortality rate had reduced from 201/1000 LB in 1967 to 64/1000 LB (95% Cl 58.9-68.1) in 1989. The child death rate decreased from 29.4/1000 children 1-4 years of age (1970) to 18/1000 (95% Cl 13.9-22.1) in 1992. There were no deaths due to neonatal tetanus or measles. Neonatal mortality (35/1000 LB; 95% Cl 29.9-40.1) was higher than the post-neonatal mortality (29/1000 LB; 95% Cl 24.1-33.9). Fifty eight per cent of the neonatal deaths were due to non-infective causes like prematurity, birth asphyxia, birth injuries and congenital anomalies. Eighty per cent of post neonatal deaths were due to infections. Overall, the child survival index was high (91.27%; 95% Cl 88.14-94.26). This was inspite of the low socio-economic background of the children's families. Conclusions: Good MCH services can substantially improve child survival inspite of prevailing low socio-economic situations. Inputs for neonatal care need to be strengthened to further enhance child survival.
KW  - Child survival
KW  - Infant mortality
KW  - Maternal and child health strategy
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - Asia
KW  - cause of death
KW  - Causes Of Death
KW  - child
KW  - Child Mortality--changes
KW  - Child Survival--changes
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - developing country
KW  - Economic Factors
KW  - Family And Household
KW  - Family Relationships
KW  - family size
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - health
KW  - health care delivery
KW  - health service
KW  - human
KW  - immunization
KW  - India
KW  - infant
KW  - infant mortality
KW  - Infant Mortality--changes
KW  - juvenile
KW  - Length Of Life
KW  - Low Income Population
KW  - male
KW  - Maternal-child Health Services
KW  - mortality
KW  - mother
KW  - newborn
KW  - outcome assessment
KW  - parent
KW  - population
KW  - population and population related phenomena
KW  - population dynamics
KW  - poverty
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - preschool child
KW  - primary health care
KW  - prospective study
KW  - Research Report
KW  - rural population
KW  - social class
KW  - social status
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - Southern Asia
KW  - statistics
KW  - Survivorship
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Asia
KW  - Causes Of Death
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Mortality--changes
KW  - Child Survival--changes
KW  - Delivery Of Health Care
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Economic Factors
KW  - Family And Household
KW  - Family Characteristics
KW  - Family Relationships
KW  - Health
KW  - Health Services
KW  - Immunization
KW  - India
KW  - Infant Mortality--changes
KW  - Length Of Life
KW  - Low Income Population
KW  - Maternal-child Health Services
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Mothers
KW  - Parents
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Poverty
KW  - Primary Health Care
KW  - Research Report
KW  - Rural Population
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Socioeconomic Status
KW  - Southern Asia
KW  - Survivorship
KW  - Youth
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - India
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant Mortality
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Male
KW  - Maternal Health Services
KW  - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Rural Population
N1  - Cited By :12
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: INPDA
C2  - 9492416
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Dutt, D.; Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka 576 119, India
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Ghosh, S., Ramanujachayulu, T.K.T.S., Hooja, V., Madhavan, S., Mortality pattern in an urban birth cohort (1979) Indian J Med Res, 69, pp. 616-623; 
Datta, B., Krishna, N.D., Mane, R., Lila, R., Longitudinal study on morbidity and mortality pattern of children in Delhi during the first two years of life - Review of 1000 children (1967) Indian J Med Res, 55, pp. 504-509; 
Mosley, H., Child survival research and policy (1985) World Health Forum, 6, pp. 352-353; 
(1967) Report on the Baseline Health Survey of Rural Health Center Ramnathpuram, Villianur Commune Pondicherry State, pp. 9-54. , Pondicherry, JIPMER; 
Yojna. New Delhi, July 15,1994; pp 2-3; Lal S. National Program on Integrated Child Development Services. New Delhi, National Institute of Health and Family Welfare 1988; pp 9-54; Gopal Krishna, R., Dutta, S.P., Recording system of an health center practicing comprehensive health care (1967) Indian J Med Edn, 6, pp. 1-5; 
Government of India. National Health Policy. New Delhi, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 1983; pp 1-7; Srinivasa, D.K., Danabalan, M., Anand, D., Infant mortality trends in a rural health center of Pondicherry (1974) J Indian Med Assoc, 62, pp. 39-43; 
Kumar, V., Raina, N., Experiences in prevention and management of birth asphyxia in the community (1991) A Global Strategy for Prevention and Management of Birth Asphyxia Through Maternal and Newborn Care at Primary Health Care Level in Developing Countries, pp. 47-51. , Ed. Pandurangi R. Sheffield, Commonwealth Association of Mental Handicap and Developmental Disabilities; 
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Dutta, S.P., Srinivasa, D.K., Kale, R.V., Mortality trends in villages of Rural Health Centre, Pondicherry (1972) Indian J Med Res, 60, pp. 296-304; 
Ross, J.A., Rich, M., Janet, P.M., Pensac, M., Child survival programs (1988) Family Planning and Child Survival in 100 Developing Countries, pp. 227-234. , New York, Center for Population Studies and Family Health, Columbia University; 
Premrajan, K.C., Srinivasa, D.K., Child health care: Is there any gender difference? (1991) J Family Welfare, 37, pp. 27-31; 
(1988) The State of the World Children, pp. 32-79. , Oxford, Oxford University Press; 
Goldcare, M., Griffith, K., (1983) Performance Indicators-A Commentary on the Literature, pp. 7-9. , Oxford, Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Oxford; 
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Srinivasa, D.K., Danabalan, M., Prabhakaran, G.N., Anand, D., Influence of maternal care, parity, birth weight on neonatal mortality: A prospective study in an urban community (1976) Indian J Med Res, 64, pp. 358-366
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Age-specific education and income gradients in morbidity and mortality in a Canadian province
T2  - Social Science and Medicine
J2  - SOC. SCI. MED.
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
SP  - 383
EP  - 397
PY  - 1997
DO  - 10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00354-1
SN  - 02779536 (ISSN) 
AU  - Mustard, C.A.
AU  - Derksen, S.
AU  - Berthelot, J.-M.
AU  - Wolfson, M.
AU  - Roos, L.L.
AD  - Manitoba Ctr. Hlth. Plcy. and Eval., Dept. of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Man. R2H 2A6, Canada
AD  - Population Health Program, Can. Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ont., Canada
AD  - Manitoba Ctr. Hlth. Plcy. and Eval., St. Boniface Gen. Hosp. Res. Centre, 351 Tache Ave, Winnipeg, Man. R2H 2A6, Canada
AB  - While important age-related trends in the use of health care services over the past two decades in Canada have been well described, a comprehensive description of socioeconomic gradients in morbidity and mortality across age cohorts for a representative population has not been accomplished to date in Canada. The objective of this study was to describe age-specific socioeconomic differentials in mortality and morbidity for a representative sample of a single Canadian province. The study sample was formed from the linkage of individual respondent records in the 1986 census to vital statistics records and comprehensive records of health care utilization for a 5% sample of residents of the province of Manitoba. Using two measures of socioeconomic status derived from census responses, attained education and household income, individuals were stratified into age-specific quartile ranks. Based on diagnostic information contained on health care utilization records, the proportion of the sample in treatment during a 12-month observation period was calculated for 15 broadly defined categories of morbidity and tested for differences across socioeconomic quartiles, mortality was inversely associated with both income and education quartile rank. In the analysis of morbidity, no association between socioeconomic status and treatment prevalence was observed in the majority of the 122 age and disorder-specific strata tested. Of the observed associations, however, negative relationships were dominant, indicating a higher treatment prevalence among individuals of lower attained education or lower household income. Across the age course, negative relationships were most frequently present among young and middle aged adults, those aged 30-64, and were more consistently found for income than for education. The general findings of this study of a representative Canadian population support observations from other developed country settings that socioeconomic differences in relative rates of mortality and morbidity over the life course are greatest in the adult years.
KW  - Canada
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Socioeconomic status
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - canada
KW  - education
KW  - health care utilization
KW  - human
KW  - income
KW  - morbidity
KW  - mortality
KW  - social status
KW  - vital statistics
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Feasibility Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Surveys
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Male
KW  - Manitoba
KW  - Medical Record Linkage
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - National Health Programs
KW  - Pilot Projects
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - health inequality
KW  - medical geography
KW  - mortality rate
KW  - socioeconomic status
KW  - Canada
N1  - Cited By :79
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SSMDE
C2  - 9232733
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Mustard, C.A.; Manitoba Ctr Hlth Policy Evaluation, St Boniface Gen Hosp Research Centre, 351 Tache Ave., Winnipeg, Man. R2H 2A6, Canada
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030617480&doi=10.1016%2fS0277-9536%2896%2900354-1&partnerID=40&md5=92fe07f9d1abe7010fb846fc1d8a7f9c
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Dietary pattern and 20 year mortality in elderly men in Finland, Italy, and the Netherlands: Longitudinal cohort study
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - BR. MED. J.
VL  - 315
IS  - 7099
SP  - 13
EP  - 17
PY  - 1997
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Huijbregts, P.
AU  - Feskens, E.
AU  - Räsänen, L.
AU  - Fidanza, F.
AU  - Nissinen, A.
AU  - Menotti, A.
AU  - Kromhout, D.
AD  - Dept. Chron. Dis. Environ. E., Natl. Inst. Pub. Hlth. the Environ., PO Box 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands
AD  - Division of Nutrition, Dept. of Appl. Chem. and Microbiol., University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Inst. of Food Sciences and Nutrition, University of Perugia, Perugia, 00610, Italy
AD  - Dept. of Comm. Hlth. and Gen. Pract., University of Kuopio, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
AD  - Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454-1015, United States
AB  - Objective: To investigate the association of dietary pattern and mortality in international data. Design: Cohort study with 20 years' follow up of mortality. Setting: Five cohorts in Finland, the Netherlands, and Italy. Subjects: Population based random sample of 3045 men aged 50-70 years in 1970. Main outcome measures: Food intake was estimated using a cross check dietary history. In this dietary survey method, the usual food consumption pattern in the 6-12 months is estimated. A healthy diet indicator was calculated for the dietary pattern, using the World Health Organisation's guidelines for the prevention of chronic diseases. Vital status was verified after 20 years of follow up, and death rates were calculated. Results: Dietary intake varied greatly in 1970 between the three countries. In Finland and the Netherlands the intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol was high and the intake of alcohol was low; in Italy the opposite was observed. In total 1796 men (59%) died during 20 years of follow up. The healthy diet indicator was inversely associated with mortality (P for trend < 0.05). After adjustment for age, smoking, and alcohol consumption, the relative risk in the group with the healthiest diet indicator compared with the group with the least healthy was 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.77 to 0.98). Estimated relative risks were essentially similar within each country. Conclusions: Dietary intake of men aged 50-70 is associated with a 20 year, all cause mortality in different cultures. The healthy diet indicator is useful in evaluating the relation of mortality to dietary patterns.
KW  - alcohol
KW  - cholesterol
KW  - saturated fatty acid
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - alcohol consumption
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - diet
KW  - fat intake
KW  - finland
KW  - follow up
KW  - food intake
KW  - human
KW  - italy
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - netherlands
KW  - practice guideline
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk
KW  - smoking
KW  - world health organization
KW  - Aged
KW  - Alcohol Drinking
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Diet
KW  - Energy Intake
KW  - Finland
KW  - Humans
KW  - Italy
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Smoking
N1  - Cited By :236
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 9233319
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Huijbregts, P.; Chronic Diseases Environ. Epidemiol., NI Public Health and the Environment, PO Box 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Women's reproductive health: The role of body mass index in early and adult life
T2  - International Journal of Obesity
J2  - INT. J. OBES.
VL  - 21
IS  - 6
SP  - 432
EP  - 438
PY  - 1997
SN  - 03070565 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lake
AU  - Power, C.
AU  - Cole, T.J.
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Biostatist., Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC Dunn Nutrition Unit, Downhams Lane, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 1XJ, United Kingdom
AB  - BACKGROUND: Higher risks of menstrual problems and infertility have been found in underweight and overweight women but evidence is inconsistent especially in relation to the effect of age of onset of obesity. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether body mass index (BMI) in adulthood or childhood affects the reproductive health of women. METHODS: Heights, weights (at 7, 11, 16, 23 and 33 y) and reproductive data were available for 5799 females in the 1958 British birth cohort study. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight/height. Age-specific cut-offs were used to define overweight and obesity. Reproductive outcomes reported at age 33 included: menstrual problems (also reported at 16 y), hypertension in pregnancy and subfertility. RESULTS: Early menarcheal age was associated with higher risks of menstrual problems by 16 y but this relationship did not persist to 33 y. Obesity at 23 y and obesity at 7 y both independently increased the risk of menstrual problems by age 33 (OR = 1.75, OR = 1.59 respectively) after adjusting for other confounding factors. Obesity at 23 y increased the risk of hypertension in pregnancy (OR = 2.37), after adjusting for confounders. Consistent with these findings, obese women at 23 y were less likely to conceive within 12 months of unprotected intercourse after adjustment for confounders (RR = 0.69). CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity in early adulthood appears to increase the risk of menstrual problems, hypertension in pregnancy and subfertility. Other than menstrual problems, childhood body mass index had little impact on the reproductive health of women.
KW  - Body mass index
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Longitudinal studies
KW  - Menarche
KW  - Menstruation disorders
KW  - Obesity
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - body height
KW  - body mass
KW  - body weight
KW  - female
KW  - female infertility
KW  - health
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - maternal hypertension
KW  - menarche
KW  - menstruation disorder
KW  - obesity
KW  - onset age
KW  - priority journal
KW  - reproduction
KW  - risk
KW  - school child
KW  - subfertility
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aging
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Child
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - Infertility, Female
KW  - Menstruation Disturbances
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular
KW  - Reproduction
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Women's Health
N1  - Cited By :150
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJOBD
C2  - 9192225
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lake, J.K.; Dept. Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
N1  - Funding details: Medical Research Council, Medical Research Council
N1  - Funding text: We would like to acknowledge the support of the Medical Research Council.
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Yen, S.S.C., The polycystic ovary syndrome (1980) Clin Endocrinol, 12, pp. 177-208; 
Kiddy, D.S., Sharp, P.S., White, D.M., Scanlon, M.F., Mason, H.D., Bray, C.S., Poison, D.W., Franks, S., Differences in clinical and endocrine features between obese and non-obese subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome: An analysis of263 consecutive cases (1990) Clin Endocrinol, 32, pp. 213-220; 
Rich-Edwards, J.W., Goldman, M.B., Willett, W.C., Hunter, D.J., Stampfer, M.J., Colditz, E.A., Manson, J.E., Adolescent body mass index and infertility caused by ovulatory disorder (1994) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 171, pp. 171-177; 
Zaadstra, B.M., Seidell, J.C., Van Noord, P.A.H., Tevelde, E.R., Habbema, J.D.F., Vrieswijk, B., Karbaat, J., Fat and female fecundity: Prospective study of body fat distribution on conception rates (1993) Br Med J, 306, pp. 484-487; 
Van Noord-Zaadstra, B.M., Seidel, J.C., Vrieswijk, B., Van-Noord, P.A.H., The relationship between fat distribution and fertility: A prospective study in healthy Dutch women (1991) Int J Obes, 15, p. 36; 
Grodstein, F., Goldman, M.B., Cramer, D.W., Body mass index and ovulatory infertility (1994) Epidemiol, 5, pp. 247-250; 
Hartz, A.J., Barboriak, P.N., Wong, A., Katayama, K.P., Rimm, A.A., The association of obesity with infertility and related menstrual abnormalities in women (1979) Proc Nutr Soc, 3, pp. 57-73; 
Combes, R., Altomare, E., Tramoni, M., Vague, J., Obesity and menstrual disorders (1979) Medical Complications of Obesity, 26, pp. 285-288. , Mancini M, Lewis B, Contaldo F (eds). Serona Symposi, Academic Press: New York; 
Bruni, V., Bucciantini, S., Caruso, S., Dei, M., Fiaschi, A., Lippi, G., Rosati, D., Cappelli, G., Obesity in adolescence (1985) Adolescence in Females, pp. 309-320. , Flamigni C, Venturoli S, Givens JR (eds). Year Book Medical Publisher: Chicago; 
Hartz, A.J., Rupley, D.C., Rimm, A.A., The association of girth measurements with disease in 32856 women (1984) Am J Epidemiol, 119, pp. 71-80; 
Green, B.B., Weiss, N.S., Daling, J.R., Risk of ovulatory infertility in relation to body weight (1988) Fertil Steril, 50, pp. 721-726; 
Howe, G., Westhoff, C., Vessey, M., Yeats, D., Effects of age, cigarette smoking, and other factors on fertility: Findings in a large prospective study (1985) Br Med J, 290, pp. 1697-1700; 
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Bennett, N., Dodd, T., Flatley, J., Freeth, S., Bolling, K., (1995) The Health of Our Nation: Health Survey for England 1993, pp. 31-43. , Office of Population Censuses and Surveys: London; 
Gulliford, M.C., Rona, R.J., Chinn, S., Trends in body mass index in young adults in England and Scotland from 1973 to 1988 (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 187-190; 
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Sorensen, T.I.A., Price, R.A., Secular trends in body mass index among Danish young men (1990) IntJ Obes, 14, pp. 411-419; 
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Knight, I., (1984) The Heights and Weights of Young Adults in Great Britain, , HMSO: London; 
Power, C., Moynihan, C., Social class and changes in weight-for-height between childhood and early adulthood (1988) Int J Obes, 12, pp. 445-453; 
Joffe, M., Li, Z., Male and female factors in fertility (1994) Am J Epidemiol, 140, pp. 921-929; 
Joffe, M., Villard, L., Zhimin, L., Plowman, R., Vessey, M., Long-term recall for time-to-pregnancy (1993) Fertil Steril, 60, pp. 99-104; 
Joffe, M., Villard, L., Li, Z., Plowman, R., Vessey, M., A time to pregnancy questionnaire designed for long-term recall: Validity in Oxford, England (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 314-319; 
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Zielhuis, G.A., Hulscher, M.E.J.L., Florack, E.I.M., Validity and reliability of a questionnaire on fecundability (1992) Int J Epidemiol, 21, pp. 1151-1156; 
Bradlow, J., Coulter, A., Brooks, P., (1992) Patterns of Referral, , Health Services Research Unit: Oxford; 
Clayton, R.N., Ogden, V., Hodgkinson, J., Worswick, L., Rodin, D.A., Dyers, S., Meade, T.W., How common are polycystic ovaries in normal women and what is their significance for the fertility of the population? (1992) Clin Endocrinol, 37, pp. 127-134; 
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Reid, R.L., Van Vugt, D.A., Weight-related changes in reproductive function (1987) Fertil Steril, 48, pp. 905-913; 
Cole, T.J., Weight-stature indices to measure underweight, over-weight and obesity (1991) Anthropometric Assessment of Nutritional Status, pp. 83-111. , Himes JH (ed). Alan R Liss: New York; 
Freeman, J., Power, C., Rodgers, B., Weight for height indices of adiposity in childhood and early adult life (1995) Int J Epidemiol, 24, pp. 970-976
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030913050&partnerID=40&md5=b274fa44c1205dc8449c4aff3c330bbd
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - No increased mortality in later life for cohorts born during famine
T2  - American Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - AM. J. EPIDEMIOL.
VL  - 145
IS  - 11
SP  - 987
EP  - 994
PY  - 1997
SN  - 00029262 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kannisto, V.
AU  - Christensen, K.
AU  - Vaupel, J.W.
AD  - Odense University Medical School, Odense, Denmark
AD  - Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Steno Institute of Public Health, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
AD  - Sanford Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
AD  - Odense University Medical School, Winslowparken 17, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
AB  - Nutrition early in life may influence adult mortality. The fetal- origins hypothesis suggests that nourishment before birth and during the individual's infancy programs the development of risk factors for several important diseases of middle and old age. The present study was designed to evaluate the impact of extreme nutritional deprivation in utero and during infancy and early childhood on mortality in later life. The authors analyzed the survival of the cohorts born in Finland during the severe 1866-1868 famine and during the 5 years immediately preceding and 5 years immediately following the famine. The study included 331,932 individuals born prior to the famine, 161,744 born during the famine, and 323,321 born after the famine. The authors assessed survival by cohorts from birth to age 17 years and from age 17 to 40, 60, and 80 years, as well as average length of life after age 80 years. Survival from birth to age 17 years was significantly lower in cohorts born before and during the famine than in the cohorts born after the famine (males, 0.566 vs. 0.671, a difference of 0.105 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.102-0.108); females, 0.593 vs. 0.692, a difference of 0.099 (95% CI 0.096-0.102)). At subsequent ages, including old age, mortality was practically identical in the famine-born cohorts and in the five cohorts born before and after the crisis. For both males and females, survival from 17 to 80 years and mean remaining lifetime at age 80 years were very similar across the 13 cohorts studied. These findings suggest that, although cohorts subjected to prolonged and extreme nutritional deprivation in utero and during infancy and early childhood suffer an immediate rise in mortality, after the crisis has passed, they carry no aftereffects that influence their survival in later life.
KW  - cohort effect
KW  - fetal growth retardation
KW  - mortality
KW  - nutrition
KW  - survival rate
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - child nutrition
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - female
KW  - fetus
KW  - finland
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - hunger
KW  - infant
KW  - infant nutrition
KW  - intrauterine growth retardation
KW  - life event
KW  - life expectancy
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - newborn
KW  - nutritional deficiency
KW  - survival
KW  - Cohort Analysis
KW  - Deficiency Diseases
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Diseases
KW  - Environment
KW  - Europe
KW  - Famine
KW  - Finland
KW  - Food Supply
KW  - Health
KW  - Historical Survey
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Natural Resources
KW  - Northern Europe
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Nutrition Disorders
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Scandinavia
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Aged
KW  - Birth Rate
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant Mortality
KW  - Infant Nutrition Physiology
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Sex Distribution
KW  - Starvation
KW  - Survival Analysis
KW  - adult mortality
KW  - famine period
KW  - historical study
KW  - medical geography
KW  - mortality impact
KW  - nineteenth century
KW  - nutritional status
KW  - survival rate
KW  - Finland
N1  - Cited By :104
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJEPA
C2  - 9169907
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Christensen, K.; Odense University Medical School, Winslowparken 17, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
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Elo, I.T., Preston, S.H., Effects of early-life condition on adult mortality: A review (1992) Population Index, 58 (2), pp. 186-212; 
Waaler, H.T., Height, weight and mortality (1984) Acta Med Scand, 679 (SUPPL.), pp. 1-56; 
Fogel, R.W., (1993) Economic Growth, Population Theory, and Physiology: The Bearing of Long-term Processes on the Making of Economic Policy, , Stockholm: The Nobel Foundation; 
Carmichael, C.M., McGue, M., A cross-sectional examination of height, weight, and body mass index in adult twins (1995) J Gerontol, 50 (4), pp. B237-B244; 
Barker, D.J.P., (1992) Fetal and Infant Origins of Adult Disease, , London: British Medical Journal; 
Barker, D.J.P., Gluckman, P.D., Godfrey, K.M., Fetal nutrition and cardiovascular disease in adult life (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 938-941; 
Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Winter, P.D., Early growth and death from cardiovascular disease in women (1993) BMJ, 307, pp. 1519-1524; 
Barker, D.J.P., Fetal origins of coronary heart disease (1995) BMJ, 311, pp. 171-174; 
Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Rodin, I., Low weight gain in infancy and suicide in adult life (1995) BMJ, 311, p. 1203; 
Power, C., National trends in birth weight: Implication for future adult diseases (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 1270-1271; 
Paneth, N., Susser, M., Early origin of coronary heart disease (the Barker hypothesis) (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 411-412; 
Vågerö, D., Leon, D., Ischaemic heart disease and low birth weight: A test of the fetal-origins hypothesis from the Swedish Twin Registry (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 260-263; 
Christensen, K., Vaupel, J., Holm, N.V., Twin mortality after age 6: Fetal origins hypothesis versus twin method (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 432-436; 
Susser, M., Stein, Z., Timing in prenatal nutrition: A reprise of the Dutch famine study (1994) Nutr Rev, 52, pp. 84-94; 
Turpeinen, O., (1986) Nälkä vai Tauti Tappoit? Kauhunvuodet 1866-1868. (Was Hunger or Disease the Killer? Years of Terror 1866-1868). (in Finnish with English Summary), , Helsinki: Societas Historica Finlandiae; 
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(1993) Causes of Death 1991, , Copenhagen: Vitalstatistik; 
Barker, D.J.P., (1994) Mothers, Babies, and Diseases in Later Life, , London: British Medical Journal; 
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Magnusson, D., Bergman, L.R., Rudinger, G., (1991) Problems and Methods in Longitudinal Research: Stability and Changes, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 
Bartley, M., Power, C., Blane, D., Birth weight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: Evidence from the 1958 British cohort study (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 1475-1479
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030613568&partnerID=40&md5=a01342fb6abc9339df0d22d47e6b089d
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Misclassification of smoking status and lung cancer risk from environmental tobacco smoke in never-smokers
T2  - Epidemiology
J2  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
SP  - 304
EP  - 309
PY  - 1997
SN  - 10443983 (ISSN) 
AU  - Nyberg, F.
AU  - Isaksson, I.
AU  - Harris, J.R.
AU  - Pershagen, G.
AD  - Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Div. of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - Lung cancer risk estimates for exposure to environmental tobacco smoke remain controversial, a major unresolved issue being misclassification of smokers. We studied misclassification rates in two large cohorts using information on smoking obtained several years apart. Cohort I included Swedish twins born between 1886 and 1925 who answered questionnaires in 1961 and again in 1967 or 1970. Cohort 11 was a random stratified population sample of individuals born between 1894 and 1945 who responded to postal smoking surveys in 1963 and 1969. We considered those who stated that they had never smoked in the second questionnaire, but who reported smoking or former smoking in the first questionnaire, to be misclassified. In cohort I, 4.9% of male and 4.5% of female ever-smokers were misclassified, corresponding to 11.1% and 1.3% of reported never-smokers, respectively. Cohort II yielded similar results. A follow-up through 1992 of cohort I showed a relative risk for lung cancer among misclassified men of 1.9 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.4-9.1], as compared with 4.5 (95% CI = 2.0-9.9) and 13.3 (95% CI = 6.5-27.0) for former and current smokers, respectively. No case occurred among misclassified women. Although misclassification of smokers exists, our results indicate that it mainly concerns light smokers or long-time ex-smokers, who have only a very moderately elevated risk of lung cancer. It therefore appears unlikely that confounding by smoking explains the increased risk for lung cancer related to environmental tobacco smoke exposure.
KW  - bias
KW  - environmental tobacco smoke
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - misclassification
KW  - passive smoking
KW  - relative risk
KW  - tobacco smoke
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - clinical trial
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled clinical trial
KW  - controlled study
KW  - environmental exposure
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - patient coding
KW  - priority journal
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - randomized controlled trial
KW  - smoking
KW  - smoking habit
KW  - sweden
KW  - Bias (Epidemiology)
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Lung Neoplasms
KW  - Male
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Sweden
KW  - Tobacco Smoke Pollution
N1  - Cited By :32
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EPIDE
C2  - 9115027
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Nyberg, F.; Div. of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Tobacco Smoke Pollution
N1  - References: (1992) Respiratory Health Effects of Passive Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders, , Report No. EPA/ 600/6-90/006F. Washington DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; 
Lee, P.N., Misclassification of Smoking Habits and Passive Smoking: A Review of the Evidence (1988) International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health Supplement, , Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 
Pershagen, G., Passive smoking and lung cancer (1994) Epidemiology of Lung Cancer, pp. 109-130. , Samet JM. New York: Marcel Dekker; 
Wald, N.J., Nanchahal, K., Thompson, S.G., Cuckle, H.S., Does breathing other people's tobacco smoke cause lung cancer? (1986) BMJ, 293, pp. 1217-1222; 
(1986) Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Measuring Exposures and Assessing Health Effects, , Washington DC: National Academy Press; 
Lee, P.N., Passive smoking and lung cancer association: A result of bias? (1987) Hum Toxicol, 6, pp. 517-524; 
Lee, P.N., (1992) Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Mortality, , Basel: Karger; 
Idle, J.R., Titrating exposure to tobacco smoke using cotinine - A minefield of misunderstandings (1990) J Clin Epidemiol, 43, pp. 313-317; 
Riboli, E., Haley, N.J., Tredaniel, J., Saracci, R., Preston-Martin, S., Trichopoulos, D., Misclassification of smoking status among women in relation to exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (1995) Eur Respir J, 8, pp. 285-290; 
Bauman, K.E., Koch, G.G., Bryan, E.S., Haley, N.J., Downton, M.I., Orlandi, M.A., On the measurement of tobacco use by adolescents: Validity of self-reports of smokeless tobacco use and validity of cotinine as an indicator of cigarette smoking (1989) Am J Epidemiol, 130, pp. 327-337; 
Gritz, E.R., Baer-Weiss, V., Benowitz, N.L., Van Vunakis, H., Jarvik, M.E., Plasma nicotine and cotinine concentrations in habitual smokeless tobacco users (1981) Clin Pharmacol Ther, 30, pp. 201-209; 
Hirayama, T., Life-style and mortality: A large-scale census-based cohort study in Japan (1990) Contributions to Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 6. , Wahrendorf J (ed). Basel: Karger; 
Britten, N., Validity of claims to lifelong non-smoking at age 36 in a longitudinal study (1988) Int J Epidemiol, 17, pp. 525-529; 
McLaughlin, J.K., Dietz, M.S., Mehl, E.S., Blot, W.J., Reliability of surrogate information on cigarette smoking by type of informant (1987) Am J Epidemiol, 126, pp. 144-146; 
Cederlöf, R., Friberg, L., Lundman, T., The interactions of smoking, environment and heredity and their implications for disease etiology: A report of epidemiological studies on the Swedish twin registries (1977) Acta Med Scand Suppl, 612, pp. 1-128; 
Cederlöf, R., Friberg, L., Hrubek, Z., Lorich, U., (1975) The Relationship of Smoking and Some Social Covariables to Mortality and Cancer Morbidity: A Ten Year Follow-up in a Probability Sample of 55 000 Swedish Subjects Age 18 to 69, , 2 vols. Stockholm: Department of Environmental Hygiene, Karolinska Institute; 
Persson, P.G., Norell, S.E., Retrospective versus original information on cigarette smoking: Implications for epidemiologic studies (1989) Am J Epidemiol, 130, pp. 705-712; 
Svensson, C., (1988) Lung Cancer Etiology in Women, , Doctoral Thesis. Stockholm: Karolinska Institute
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030999019&partnerID=40&md5=3f1049543f8551d2a7754dd2010ca590
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Descriptive epidemiology of cerebrovascular disease in Austria 
ST  - Deskriptive Epidemiologie zerebrovaskularer Erkrankungen in Osterreich
T2  - Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift
J2  - WIEN. MED. WOCHENSCHR.
VL  - 147
IS  - 2
SP  - 30
EP  - 33
PY  - 1997
SN  - 00435341 (ISSN) 
AU  - Vutuc, C.
AU  - Haidinger, G.
AU  - Waldhoer, T.
AD  - Abteilung für Epidemiologie, Instituts F. Tumorbiologie - K., Universität Wien, Austria
AD  - Abteilung für Epidemiologie, Inst. F. Tumorbiologie - K., Universität Wien, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Wien, Austria
AB  - The trend of cerebrovascular mortality (ICD-9: 530-538) is analyzed. Age-standardized mortality rates for men and women were calculated, covering the period 1970 to 1994. Furthermore, the development of mortality rates (1974 to 1994) was analyzed for age groups and birth cohorts (5-years intervals). The number of deaths has decreased, from a total of 14,734 in 1970 (6109 men, 8625 women) to 9917 (-32%) in 1994 (men 3541, -42%; women 6376, -26%); age-standardized death rates in men from 201.4/10 5 (-54.7%) to 91.9/10 5, in women 160/10 5 to 77/10 5 (-51.7%). The trend within individual age groups does not show any sex-specific differences. In all birth cohorts the mortality trend in men and women decreases towards younger age groups. The observed linear decrease of mortality in men and women towards younger age groups leads to the assumption that this trend is determined by decreasing incidence, indicating a secular trend. This trend may only be explained but by its risk reducing effect in both, men and women of any age group. Establishing a representative stroke register seems most desirable, in order to make possible assertions as to the trend of incidence and prevalence.
KW  - cerebrovascular disease
KW  - mortality
KW  - trend
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - austria
KW  - cerebrovascular disease
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - prevalence
KW  - register
KW  - stroke
KW  - Austria
KW  - cause of death
KW  - cross-sectional study
KW  - incidence
KW  - middle aged
KW  - sex difference
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Austria
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Cerebrovascular Disorders
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Sex Factors
N1  - Cited By :3
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: WMWOA
LA  - German
N1  - Correspondence Address: Vutuc, C.; Abteilung fur Epidemiologie, Inst. Tumorbiologie/Krebsforschung, Universitat Wien, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Wien, Austria
N1  - References: Haidinger, G., Schnaberth, G., Vutuc, C., Personalbedarf für stationäre Neuro-Rehabilitation in Österreich (1995) Neuropsychiatrie, 9, pp. 177-181; 
Holzner, J., The role of autopsy in the control of mortality in Austria (1991) Autopsy in Epidemiology and Medical Research, 112, pp. 25-35. , Riboli E. Delendi M (eds): Lyon, IARC Scientific Publications; 
La Vecchia, C., Levi, F., Lucchini, F., Negri, E., Trends in mortality from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (1993) Soz Präventivmed, 38 (1 SUPPL.), pp. 3-71; 
Smejcova, I., Hauser, F., Macholda, F., Vutuc, C., Entwicklung der Lungenkrebssterblichkeit: Vergleich Tschechoslowakei/Österreich (1992) Arbeitsmed Sozialmed Präventivmed, 27, pp. 233-236; 
Vutuc, C., Gredler, B., Analyse der Entwicklung der Magen-Darmkrebssterblichkeit in Österreich (1984) Zbl Bakt Hyg I Abt Grig B, 179, pp. 586-595; 
Vutuc, C., Waldhoer, T., Haidinger, G., Impact of non-invasive imaging techniques on the trend of pancreatic carcinoma in Austria (1996) Wien Med Wschr, 12, pp. 258-260; 
Wolf, P.A., D'Agostino, B., O'Neal, A., Sytkowski, P., Kase, C.S., Belanger, A.J., Kannel, W.B., Secular trends in strole incidence and Mortality. The Framingham Study (1992) Stroke, 23, pp. 1551-1555; 
(1993) World Health Statistics Annual, , Geneva, World Health Organization
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031046593&partnerID=40&md5=4f218f2d810d708b99ce33909d023212
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Feeding frequency and BMI among teenagers aged 16-17 years
T2  - International Journal of Obesity
J2  - INT. J. OBES.
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
SP  - 159
EP  - 161
PY  - 1997
SN  - 03070565 (ISSN) 
AU  - Crawley, H.
AU  - Summerbell, C.
AD  - STORM, University North London, Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, United Kingdom
AB  - The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between feeding frequency (FFQ) and body mass index (BMI) in a free-living group of teenagers, since recent evidence suggests that this may be an artifact of under-reporting. The data was cross-sectional, and a sample of 731 respondents (M = 298, F= 433) from the 1970 Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study were investigated. An initial significant relationship between FFQ and BMI was found for both males and females. However, the removal of overweight males who were dieting and a group of non-dieting females with BMI < 25 who perceived themselves to be overweight negated this relationship for males and females respectively. In conclusion, the apparent relationship between FFQ and BMI observed in this and other free-living studies appears to be an artifact of dieting and dietary restraint rather than simply under-reporting.
KW  - BMI
KW  - Energy intake
KW  - Feeding frequency
KW  - Teenagers
KW  - Under-reporting
KW  - adolescence
KW  - adolescent
KW  - article
KW  - body mass
KW  - caloric intake
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - diet
KW  - feeding behavior
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - normal human
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Body Image
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Eating
KW  - Feeding Behavior
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Sex Characteristics
N1  - Cited By :23
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJOBD
C2  - 9043972
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Crawley, H.; STORM, University North London, Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031028967&partnerID=40&md5=75a82c14bcb6639631a1a924521e2460
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Dietary and lifestyle differences between Scottish teenagers and those living in England and Wales
T2  - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
J2  - EUR. J. CLIN. NUTR.
VL  - 51
IS  - 2
SP  - 87
EP  - 91
PY  - 1997
SN  - 09543007 (ISSN) 
AU  - Crawley, H.
AD  - Stat., OR Probabilistic Methods R., University of North London, Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective: To investigate the dietary differences reported by teenagers in Scotland compared with teenagers from elsewhere in Britain, allowing for a range of other demographic, personal and lifestyle variables. Design: Data was taken from the 1970 longitudinal birth cohort study which collected data cross-sectionally at 16-17 y. Setting: The respondents were distributed throughout Britain. Subjects: A sub-sample of 1615 respondents was selected (M = 658, F = 957). The criterion for selection were a completed 4 d dietary diary and a 4 d activity diary and the completion of a number of other questionnaires to provide demographic and lifestyle data by both the respondent and the parent of the respondent. Results: The diets of Scottish teenagers were significantly different to those of teenagers in England and Wales even when allowing for differences in smoking habits, parental smoking, alcohol intake, family size and housing tenure: factors which were also different among the Scottish cohort. Intakes of fibre, magnesium, phosphorous, retinol equivalents, carotene and riboflavin were significantly lower in Scotland among males and females, as were intakes of non-processed vegetables and non-fried potato, skimmed milks, fat spreads high in polyunsaturates and beer. Scottish teenagers drank more soft drinks and ate more chips and white bread than their counterparts in England and Wales. No differences were noted in intakes of vitamin C and fruit based on regional distribution: lower intakes of fruit in Scotland appeared to be associated with the higher incidence of teenage smoking. Conclusions: The diets of Scottish teenagers appeared to be further from current dietary recommendations than the diets of teenagers elsewhere in Britain, but the lower intakes of fruit among Scottish teenagers commonly reported is likely to be associated with teenage smoking rather than living in Scotland itself. Care should be taken when evaluating dietary surveys that known confounding variables are included.
KW  - Food
KW  - Nutrient
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Teenage
KW  - alcohol
KW  - carotene
KW  - riboflavin
KW  - adolescent
KW  - alcohol consumption
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - diet
KW  - family size
KW  - female
KW  - fruit
KW  - housing
KW  - human
KW  - lifestyle
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - male
KW  - normal human
KW  - smoking habit
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Alcohol Drinking
KW  - Ascorbic Acid
KW  - Diet
KW  - England
KW  - Family Characteristics
KW  - Female
KW  - Food
KW  - Housing
KW  - Humans
KW  - Life Style
KW  - Male
KW  - Nutrition Physiology
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Wales
KW  - Solanum tuberosum
N1  - Cited By :15
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EJCNE
C2  - 9049566
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Crawley, H.; STORM, The University of North London, Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Ascorbic Acid, 50-81-7
N1  - References: Anderson, A.S., Macintyre, S., West, P., Adolescent meal patterns: Grazing habits in the West of Scotland (1993) Health Bulletin, 51, pp. 158-165; 
Anderson, A.S., Macintyre, S., West, P., Dietary patterns among adolescents in the West of Scotland (1994) Br. J. Nutr., 71, pp. 111-122; 
Bull, N.L., Dietary habits of 15-25 year olds (1985) Hum Nutr: Appl. Nutr., 39 A (1 SUPPL.), pp. 1-68; 
Crawley, H.R., Nutrient and food intakes of teenagers aged 16-17 years in Britain. 1. Energy, macronutrients and non-starch polysaccharides (1993) Br. J Nutr., 70, pp. 15-26; 
Crawley, H.F., While, D., The diet and body weight of British teenage smokers at 16-17 years (1995) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 49, pp. 904-914; 
Cresswell, J., Busby, A., Young, H., Inglis, V., Dietary patterns of third year secondary schoolgirls in Glasgow (1983) Hum Nutr: Appl. Nutr., 37 A, pp. 301-306; 
Currie, C., Todd, J., (1992) Health Behaviours of Scottish Schoolchildren, , Report 1: National and regional patterns. Research Unit in Health and Behavioural Change. Health Education Board for Scotland, Edinburgh; 
(1989) Family Expenditure Study 1987, , HMSO: London; 
(1989) The Diets of British Schoolchildren, , Report on Health and Social Subjects 26. HMSO: London; 
Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J., Montgomery, S., Shepherd, P., (1992) An Integrated Approach to the Design and Analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCOS), , Intercohort analysis working papers, 1. SSRU. City University: London; 
Francis, B., Green, M., Payne, C., (1993) GLIM4, , Clarendon Press: Oxford; 
Goldberg, G.R., Black, A.E., Jebb, S.A., Cole, T.J., Murgatroyd, P.R., Coward, W.A., Prentice, A.M., Critical evaluation of energy intake data using fundamental principles of energy physiology. 1. Derivation of cut-off limits to identify under-recording (1991) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 45, pp. 569-581; 
Gregory, J., Foster, K., Tyler, H., Wiseman, M., (1990) The Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults, , HMSO: London; 
Jones, S., (1990) The Youthscan Leisure Diaries, , University Bath: Bath; 
Margetts, B.M., Jackson, A.A., Interactions between people's diet and their smoking habits: The dietary and nutritional survey of British adults (1993) BMJ, 307, pp. 1381-1384; 
(1989) Food Consumption and Expenditure 1987, , HMSO: London; 
(1981) Registrar General's Classification of Occupations, 1980. Office of Population, Censuses and Surverys, London; 
(1989) General Household Survey 1987, , Office of Population, Censuses and Surveys; London; 
Pill, R., Peters, T.J., Robbing, M.R., Social class and preventive health behaviour: A British example (1995) J. Epidem. Comm. Hlth, 49, pp. 28-32; 
Strain, J.J., Thompson, K.A., Barker, M.E., Dietary intakes of smokers and non-smokers in the Northern Ireland population (1991) Proc. Nutr. Soc., 50, pp. 101A; 
Sweeting, H., Anderson, A., West, P., Socio-demographic correlates of dietary habits in mid-to late adolescence (1994) Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 48, pp. 736-748; 
Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Smith, W.C.S., Crombie, I.K., Tavendale, R., Coronary risk factor and lifestyle variation across Scotland: Results from the Scottish Heart Health Study (1989) Scott. Med. J., 34, pp. 556-560; 
Uemara, K., Pisa, Z., Trends in cardiovascular disease mortality in industrialised countries since 1950 (1988) World Health Statistics Quarterly, 41, pp. 155-178; 
West, P., Sweeting, H., Distribution of basic information from the 1990 follow-up of the Twenty 07 Study youth cohort (1992) Medical Sociology Unit Working Paper, 32. , MRC Medical Sociology Unit: Glasgow; 
Whichelow, M.J., Erzinclioglu, S.W., Comparison of the diets of smokers and non-smokers (1990) Proc. Nutr. Soc., 49, pp. 42A; 
(1991) Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, , Technical Report Series No. 797. WHO: Geneva
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031044722&partnerID=40&md5=0607405d8c983e3dd0f532f69c627460
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Erends of liver cirrhosis mortality in europe, 1970-1989: Age-period-cohort analysis and changing alcohol consumption
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - INT. J. EPIDEMIOL.
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
SP  - 100
EP  - 109
PY  - 1997
DO  - 10.1093/ije/26.1.100
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Corrao, G.
AU  - Ferrari, P.
AU  - Zambon, A.
AU  - Torchio, P.
AU  - Aricò, S.
AU  - Decarli, A.
AD  - Inst. of Stat. and Math. Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
AD  - Division of Gastroenterology, Ospedale Mauriziano Umberto I, Torino, Italy
AD  - Institute of Medical Statistics, University of Milan, Italy
AD  - Ist. Sci. Statistiche M., Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Via Conservatorio 7, 20122 Milano, Italy
AB  - Background. Since the mid 1970s, a striking reduction in alcohol-related problems has been observed in many Western countries. Liver cirrhosis mortality is considered to be a major indicator of alcohol-related problems in the general population. The aim of the present study is to describe liver cirrhosis mortality trends in European countries between 1970 and 1989. Methods. This is a descriptive study on liver cirrhosis mortality in 25 European countries, and in four grouped European regions. A Poisson log-linear age-period-cohort model is used to clarify whether the recent trend in mortality represents a short-term fluctuation or an emerging long-term trend. In addition, a descriptive comparison between trends in per capita alcohol consumption and liver cirrhosis mortality is conducted. Results. In the whole European population and in that of Western and Southern Europe increasing period effects were observed until the second half of the 1970s followed by a decline in the next periods. In Eastern Europe the decline in period effects started in the first half of the 1980s, whereas in Northern Europe an increasing period effect was observed until the second half of the 1970s, followed by a stabilization. Similar trends were observed for per capita alcohol consumption. The age effect analysis showed a continuously rising effect in Eastern Europe, whereas an attenuation of the effect at around age 65 years was observed in Western Europe. Intermediate patterns were observed in Southern and Northern Europe. The birth cohort effect suggested that in the Western and Southern populations mortality could continue to decrease over the next decade, while in Eastern and Northern Europe mortality is still rising and this will probably continue for the next decade. conclusions. The age-period-cohort analysis allows targeting of health care and prevention programmes based on future trends. Aetiological acid prognostic factors act differently in Europe. A better understanding of the trends would require more detailed information on alcoholism treatment rates, alcohol habits, viral hepatitic infections and other factors involved in the aetiopathogenesis of the disease.
KW  - Age effect
KW  - Alcohol consumption
KW  - Cohort effect
KW  - Liver cirrhosis
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Period effect
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - alcohol consumption
KW  - alcoholism
KW  - article
KW  - comparative study
KW  - eastern europe
KW  - europe
KW  - female
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - health care
KW  - human
KW  - liver cirrhosis
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - preventive medicine
KW  - priority journal
KW  - southern europe
KW  - virus hepatitis
KW  - western europe
KW  - age
KW  - age distribution
KW  - alcohol liver cirrhosis
KW  - behavior
KW  - Causes Of Death
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - comparative study
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - developed country
KW  - Diseases
KW  - drinking behavior
KW  - Eastern Europe
KW  - Europe
KW  - Geographic Factors
KW  - incidence
KW  - liver cirrhosis
KW  - methodology
KW  - middle aged
KW  - Mortality--changes
KW  - population
KW  - population and population related phenomena
KW  - population dynamics
KW  - risk factor
KW  - sex ratio
KW  - statistical model
KW  - Studies
KW  - survival rate
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Alcohol Drinking
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Causes Of Death
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Diseases
KW  - Europe
KW  - Geographic Factors
KW  - Liver Cirrhosis
KW  - Mortality--changes
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Studies
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Aged
KW  - Alcohol Drinking
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Europe
KW  - Europe, Eastern
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Linear Models
KW  - Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Sex Distribution
KW  - Survival Rate
N1  - Cited By :70
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJEPB
C2  - 9126509
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Corrao, G.; Inst. Sci. Statistiche Matematiche, 'Marcello Boldrini', Universita deglis Studi di Milano, Via Conservatoria 7, 20122 Milano, Italy
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Smart, R.G., Recent international reductions and increases in liver cirrhosis deaths (1988) Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 12, pp. 239-242; 
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Corrao, G., Torchio, P.F., Decarli, A., Galatola, G., Aricò, S., Di Orio, F., Effect of age, birth cohort and period of death on Italian liver cirrhosis mortality, 1972-1986 (1993) Int J Epidemiol, 22, pp. 475-482; 
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Galambos, J.T., (1979) Cirrhosis, , Philadelphia: Saunders; 
Mele, A., Stazi, M.A., Gill, O.N., Pasquini, P., Prevention of hepatitis B in Italy: Lessons from surveillance of type-specific acute viral hepatitis (1990) Epidemiol Infect, 104, pp. 135-141; 
Mele, A., Stazi, M.A., Corona, R., Decline of incidence of A, B and NonA-NonB hepatitis in Italy. Results of four years surveillance (1990) It J Gastroenterol, 22, pp. 274-280; 
Nanji, A.A., French, S.W., Relationship between pork consumption and cirrhosis (1985) Lancet, 1, pp. 681-683; 
Qiao, Z.K., Halliday, M.L., Coates, R.A., Rankin, J.G., Relationship between liver cirrhosis death rate and nutritional factors in 38 countries (1988) Int J Epidemiol, 17, pp. 414-418; 
Rotily, M., Durbec, J.B., Berthezene, P., Sarles, H., Diet and alcohol in liver cirrhosis: A case-control study (1990) Eur J Clin Nutr, 44, pp. 595-603; 
Corrao, G., Lepore, A.R., Torchio, P.F., Interaction between dietary pattern and alcohol intake on the risk of liver cirrhosis (1995) Rev Epidémiol Santé Publique, 43, pp. 7-17; 
Corrao, G., Ferrari, P.A., Galatola, G., Exploring the role of diet in modifying the effect of known disease determinants. Application to risk factors of liver cirrhosis (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 142, pp. 1136-1146
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030611028&doi=10.1093%2fije%2f26.1.100&partnerID=40&md5=45cc5cc85444b830b913b742ab5df01b
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Unemployment and cancer in Denmark, 1970-1975 and 1986-1990.
T2  - IARC scientific publications
J2  - IARC Sci. Publ.
IS  - 138
SP  - 353
EP  - 359
PY  - 1997
SN  - 03005038 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lynge, E.
AU  - Andersen, O.
AD  - Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark.
AB  - We have analysed cancer mortality and cancer incidence among unemployed persons identified from the Danish linkage studies based on the 1970 census and the 1986 register-based census. In 1970, 1% of Danish men were unemployed; in 1986, 14% were unemployed. In both periods, unemployed men had an excess cancer mortality of close to 25% when they were followed-up for a five-year period and their mortality was compared with that of all men in the labour force. Unemployed women in the 1970 cohort also had an excess cancer mortality of 25%. Cancer incidence data were not available for the 1986 cohort. For both cohorts, the excess risk came mainly from lung cancer. Survey data from Denmark in the 1980s indicated that unemployed men had a slightly higher smoking prevalence before unemployment than men who continued working, and that unemployment did not increase smoking. It is therefore unlikely that the excess lung cancer risk among unemployed men is explained by differences in smoking habits alone.
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - comparative study
KW  - confidence interval
KW  - Denmark
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - lung tumor
KW  - male
KW  - middle aged
KW  - mortality
KW  - neoplasm
KW  - population research
KW  - prevalence
KW  - register
KW  - risk factor
KW  - smoking
KW  - statistics
KW  - unemployment
KW  - Adult
KW  - Censuses
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - Denmark
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Lung Neoplasms
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Registries
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Unemployment
N1  - Cited By :8
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 9353676
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lynge, E.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030626479&partnerID=40&md5=4f4aea60ffd51a6436487b4c69b4970d
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Long term consequences of intra-uterine malnutrition 
ST  - Consequences a long terme de la nutrition foetale
T2  - Archives de Pediatrie
J2  - ARCH. PEDIATR.
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
SP  - 359
EP  - 366
PY  - 1997
DO  - 10.1016/S0929-693X(97)86455-X
SN  - 0929693X (ISSN) 
AU  - Rey, J.
AU  - Bresson, J.L.
AD  - Hôpital des Enfants-Malades, 149, ne de Sèvres, 75743 Paris cedex 15, France
AB  - A large number of animal experimental data indicate that pre- or early postnatal malnutrition can have long term negative consequences on weight and height, with smaller weight and height in adulthood than predicted on genetics basis. Furthermore, according to the Barker's hypothesis, based on data available from British cohort studies, in utero malnutrition could also result in an increased risk of cardiovascular, endocrine and metabolic diseases in adulthood. There are however discordant data in the litterature which invite to be cautious about on this hypothesis, mainly because the role of the socio-economic factors during childhood and adulthood have not been taken into account.
KW  - blood pressure
KW  - fetal malnutrition
KW  - growth
KW  - impaired glucose tolerance
KW  - ischaemic heart disease
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - fetus
KW  - human
KW  - hypertension
KW  - hypothesis
KW  - insulin resistance
KW  - malnutrition
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - review
KW  - risk factor
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - adult
KW  - animal
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - female
KW  - geography
KW  - growth disorder
KW  - hypertension
KW  - placenta insufficiency
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - rat
KW  - Adult
KW  - Animals
KW  - Cardiovascular Diseases
KW  - Female
KW  - Geography
KW  - Growth Disorders
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - Insulin Resistance
KW  - Placental Insufficiency
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Rats
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
PB  - Elsevier Masson SAS
N1  - Cited By :8
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: APEDE
C2  - 9183410
LA  - French
N1  - Correspondence Address: Rey, J.; Hopital des Enfants-Malades, 149, Rue de Sevres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
N1  - References: Rey, J., Brewon, J.L., Conséquences à long terme de la nuirilion dans l'enfance (1995) Nutrition Da Jeune Enfant, 2, pp. 637-637. , Bnmser O, Carrazza F, Gracev M, Nichols B. Senterte J. éds. New York: Raven PICKS; 
Moulton, C.R., Age and chemical development in mammals (1923) J Biol Chtm, 37, pp. 79-97; 
Dubbing, J., Infant nutrition and later achievement (1984) Nutr Rev, 42, pp. 1-7; 
Pol Litt, E., Timing and vulnerability in research on malnutrilion and cognmon (1996) Nuir Rev, 54, pp. 349-355; 
Lucus, A., Programming by early nutrition in man (1991) The Childhood Environment and Asfult TUsrasr, pp. 38-55. , Bock GR, Whelan J, eds. CIRA Foundation Symposium 156. Chichesier: John Wuey and Sons; 
McCance, K.A., Rjod, growth, and time (1962) Lancet, pp. 671-676; 
McCance, R.A., Widdowson, M., The determinants of growth and fnrm (1974) Proc R Sac Land, 185, pp. 1-17; 
Widdowwn, F.M., Intn-uterine growth retardation in Ibc pig. I. Organ size und cellular development at birth and after growth to maturity (1971) Biol NeonaU, 19, pp. 329-340; 
Wharton, B., Food and biological clocks (1992) Proc Nuir Sac, 51, pp. 145-153; 
Goldberg, G.R., Prentice, A.M., Maternal and fetal determinanis of adult diseases (1994) Nuir Rev, 52, pp. 191-200; 
Barker, D.I.P., The fetal and infant origins of disease (1995) Ear J Cliin Invest, 25, pp. 457-463; 
Paneth, N., Susser, M., Early origin of coronary heart disease (the "Barker hypothesis"). Hypotheses, no matter how intriguing, need rigorous attempts at refutation (1995) Br Med J, 310, pp. 411-412; 
Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Infant mortality, childhood nutrition, and ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales (1986) Lanett, 1, pp. 1077-1081; 
Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Death rales from stroke in England and Wales predicted from past maternal mortality (1987) Br Med J, 295, pp. 83-86; 
Baker, J.P., Growth in utero and coronary heart disease (1996) Nuir Rev, 54, pp. S1-7; 
Barker, D.J.P., Winter, P.D., Osmond, C., Weight in infancy and death from ischacmic heart disease (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 577-580; 
Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Simmands, S.J., Wield, G.A., The isiation of small head circumference and thinness at birth to death from cardiovascular disease in adult life Br Med J 1Q93, 306, pp. 422-426; 
Fall, C.H.D., Vijayakumar, M., Barker, D.J.P., Weight in infancy and prevalence of coronary heart disease in aduii life (1995) BrMedJ, 310, pp. 17-19; 
Barker, D.I.P., Manyn, C.N., Osmond, C., Growth in utero and serum cholesterol concentrai ion s in adult life (1993) Br Med J, 207, pp. 1524-1527; 
Barker, D.J.P., Martyn, C.N., Osmond, C., Wield, G.A., Abnormal liver growth in utero and death from coronary heart disease (1995) Br Med J, 310, pp. 703-704; 
Barker, D.J.P., Gluckman, P.D., Godfrey, K.M., Fetal nutritinn and cardiovascular disease in adult life (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 938-941; 
Fall, C.H.D., Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Relation of infant feeding lo adult serum cholesterol concentration and death from ischaemic heart disease (1992) Br Med J, 304, pp. 801-805; 
Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Winter, P.D., Early growth and death from cardiovascular disease in women (1993) Br Med J, 307, pp. 1519-1524; 
Fall, C.H.D., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Fetal and infant growth and cardiovascular risk factors in women (1995) Br Med J, 310, pp. 428-432; 
Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Golding, J., Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease (1989) Br Med J, 298, pp. 564-567; 
Gennscr, G., Rymark, P., Isberg, P.E., Low birth weight and risk of high blood pressure in adulthood (1988) Br Med J, 296, pp. 1498-1500; 
Langley-Evans, S., Jackson, A., Intnuterinc programming of hypertension: Nutrient-hormone interactions (1996) Nutr Rev, 54, pp. 163-169; 
Langley, S.C., Jackson, A.A., Increased systolic blood pressure in adult rats induced by fetal exposure to maternal low proicin diets (1994) Clin Sci, 86, pp. 217-222; 
Persson, E., Jansson, T., Low binh weight in associated with elevated adult blood pressure in the chronically catheterized guinea-pig (1992) Acta Physiol Scand, 145, pp. 195-196; 
Merlet-Benichou, C., Uroy, B., Gilbert, T., Lelièvrc-Pégoricr, M., Retard de croissance intra-utérin et déficit en néphrons (1993) Méd Sci, 9, pp. 777-780; 
Whincup, P.H., Cook, D.G., Shaper, A.G., Early influences on blood pressure: A study of children aged 5-7 years (1989) Br Med J, 299, pp. 587-591; 
Barker, D.J.P., Bull, A., Osmond, C., Simmonds, S.J., Fetal and placental size and risk of hypertension in adult life (1990) Br Med J, 301, pp. 259-262; 
Kolacck, Kapetanovic, T., Luzar, V., Early determinants of cardiovascular risk factors in adults. B. Blood pressure (1993) Acia Paediatr, 82, pp. 377-382; 
Law, C.M., De Swict, M., Osmond, C., Initiation of hypertension in utero and its amplification throughout life (1993) Br MedJ, 306, pp. 24-27; 
Launcr, L.J., Hofman, A., Grobbee, D.E., Relation between birth weight and blood pressure: Longitudinal study of infants and children (1993) Br Med J, 307, pp. 1451-1454; 
Whincup, P., Cook, D., Papacosta, O., Walker, M., Binh weight and blood pressure: Cross sectional and longitudinal relations in childhood (1995) Br Med J, 311, pp. 773-776; 
Leon, D.A., Knupilova, I., Lithcli, H.O., Failure to realise growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50 year old Swedish men (1996) Br Med J, 312, pp. 401-406; 
Matthes, J.W.A., Lewis, P.A., Davies, D.P., Bethel, J.A., Relation between birth weight at term and systolic blood pressure in adolescence Br Med 994, 308, pp. 1074-1077; 
Cook, J.T.E., Levy, J.C., Page, R.C.L., Association of low binh weight with β cell function in the adult first degree relatives of non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects (1993) Br Med J, 306, pp. 302-306; 
Uger, J., Levy-Marchal, C., Loch, B., Reduced Final Height and Indications for Early Development of Insulin Resistance in a 20 Year Old Population Bom Wilh Intra Uterine Growth Retardation, , (Soumis); 
Morley, R., Lceson Paync, C., Lister, G., Lucas, A., Maternal smoking and blood pressure in 7.5 to S year old offspring (1993) Arch Dis Child, 72, pp. 120-124; 
Beratis, N.G., Panagoulias, D., Varvarigou, A., Increased blood pressure in neonates and infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy (1996) J Pediatr, 128, pp. 806-812; 
Morley, R., Lister, G., Leeson-Payne, C., Lucas, A., Size at birth and later blood pressure (1994) Arch Dis Child, 70, pp. 536-537; 
Godfrey, K.M., Redman, C.W.G., Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., The effect of maternal anaemia and iron deficiency on the ratic of fetal weight 10 plcental weight (1991) Br J Obsiei Gynecol, 98, pp. 886-891; 
Perry, U., Becvcn, D.O., Whincup, P.H., Barcford, D., Predictors of ratio of placental weight to fetal weight in multiethnic community (1995) Br Med J, 310, pp. 436-439; 
Hales, C.N., Barker, D.J.P., Clark, P.M.S., Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64 (1991) Br Med J, 303, pp. 1019-1022; 
Wilkin, T.J., Early nutrition and diabetes mellilus. Nutrition during fetai life and infancy may be crucial to the development of diabetes mellitus (1993) Br MedJ, 306, pp. 283-284; 
Phillips, D.I.W., Barker, D.J.P., Hales, C.N., Thinness at birth and insulin resistance in adult life (1994) Diabttoiagio, 37, pp. 150-154; 
Phipps, K., Barker, D.I.P., Hales, C.N., Fetal growth and impaired glucose tolerance in men and women (1993) Diobetologia, 36, pp. 225-228; 
Barker, D.J.P., Hales, C.N., Fall, C.H.D., Type 2 (non-insulin-dependem) diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia (syndrome X): Relation to reduced fetal growth (1993) Diabttotogia, 36, pp. 62-67; 
Valdez, R., Athens, M.A., Thompson, G.H., Binhweight and adult health outcomes in m biethnic population in the USA (1994) Diabetologia, 37, pp. 624-631; 
Lithell, H.O., McKeigue, P.M., Bcrglimd, L., Relation of size at birth to non-insulin dependent diabetes and insulin concentrations in men aged 50-60 years (1996) Br Med J, 312, pp. 406-410; 
Marmot, M.G., Shipley, M.J., Rom, G., Inequalities in death-specific explanations of a general pattern? (1984) Lancti, 1, pp. 1003-1006; 
Vigerö, D., Leon, D., Isctutcmic heart disease and low birth weight: A test of the fetal-origini hypothesis from the Swedish Twin Registry (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 260-263; 
Lynch, J.W., Kaptan, G.A., Cohen, R.D., Childhood and adult socioeconomic status as predictors of mortality in Finland (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 524-527; 
Stracham, D.P., Leon, D.A., Dodgeon, B., Mortality from cardiovascular disease among interregional migrants in England and Wales (1995) Br Med J, 310, pp. 423-427; 
Shaper, A.G., Elford, J., Place of birth uid adult cardiovascular disease: The British Regional Heart Study (1991) Ada Paediatr Scond, 373 SUPPL, pp. 73-81; 
Bartley, M., Power, C., Blanc, D., Birth weight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: Evidence from the 1958 British cohort study (1994) Br Med J, 309, pp. 1475-1479; 
Ben-Shlomo, Y., Smith, G.D., Deprivation in infancy or in adult life: Which is more important for mortality risk? (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 530-534
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031003095&doi=10.1016%2fS0929-693X%2897%2986455-X&partnerID=40&md5=b8cc15acdb8b00c857ba5a29455b07d2
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The mortality of Royal Naval submariners 1960-89
T2  - Occupational and Environmental Medicine
J2  - OCCUP. ENVIRON. MED.
VL  - 54
IS  - 3
SP  - 209
EP  - 215
PY  - 1997
DO  - 10.1136/oem.54.3.209
SN  - 13510711 (ISSN) 
AU  - Inskip, H.
AU  - Snee, M.
AU  - Styles, L.
AD  - MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
AB  - Objectives - To examine the mortality pattern of submariners in the Royal Navy to assess the long term effects on health of serving in submarines. Any specific cause of death which was increased was considered in advance to be of interest, but attention focused particularly on cancer mortality. Method - A mortality follow up study: 15.138 submariners who had conducted their first submarine training between 1960 and 1979 were followed up through their time in the Navy and into civilian Life, up to the end of 1989. The main outcome measures were the numbers of deaths and standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) which indicate whether the mortality from all causes and specific causes, particularly cancers, exceeds that in men in England and Wales. Results - Mortality in submariners was lower than that for men in England and Wales with an all cause SMR of 86; this was comparable with that found in other studies of armed forces personnel. Cancer mortality was particularly low with an SMR of 69 and there was no particular cancer site which showed an excess. Increased mortality from digestive diseases was found, the excess being attributable to cirrhosis of the liver, which had an SMR of 221 based on 12 deaths, alcohol being a contributory factor in eight. Deaths from accidents and violence were also higher than expected with an SMR of 115, but this was due to high levels of accidents occurring after discharge from the Navy. There was no apparent trend in mortality with time since starting submarine work. Likewise there was no pattern by calendar period, although the excess of cirrhosis of the liver was confined to the period 1970-9. Conclusion - The submariners seemed to be a healthy group with low mortality overall. Working in submarines was not associated with any increased cancer mortality. Excess deaths from cirrhosis of the liver, and from accidents and violence after leaving the Navy, were of some concern but they cannot be attributed directly to the submarine environment.
KW  - Accidents
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cirrhosis of liver
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Submariners
KW  - accident
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - controlled study
KW  - human
KW  - liver cirrhosis
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - marine environment
KW  - occupational cancer
KW  - priority journal
KW  - soldier
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - violence
KW  - war
PB  - BMJ Publishing Group
N1  - Cited By :11
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: OEMEE
C2  - 9155783
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Inskip, H.; MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Davies, D.M., Sowden, K.R., Jolly, E.J., (1975) Morbidity in the RN Submarine Sen-ice 1969-74., , Alverstoke, Hampshire: Institute of Naval Medicine Report No 10/75; 
Rjw, L., Problems of radiation and hygiene in enclosed spaces-submarines (1968) Ann Occup Hyg, 11, pp. 347-355; 
Lambert, R.J.W., Environmental problems in nuclear submarines (1972) Proc R Soc Med 1, 65, pp. 795-796
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0031058951&doi=10.1136%2foem.54.3.209&partnerID=40&md5=62ce5efea6bc95e867a5a90387a10aec
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The contribution of childhood environment to the explanation of socio-economic inequalities in health in adult life: A retrospective study
T2  - Social Science and Medicine
J2  - SOC. SCI. MED.
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
SP  - 13
EP  - 24
PY  - 1997
DO  - 10.1016/S0277-9536(96)00090-1
SN  - 02779536 (ISSN) 
AU  - Van De Mheen, H.
AU  - Stronks, K.
AU  - Van Den Bos, J.
AU  - Mackenbach, J.P.
AD  - Department of Public Health, Erasmus University, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands
AB  - In this study the contribution of childhood environment to the explanation of socio-economic inequalities in health in adulthood is examined. Childhood environment was measured using indicators of social, socio-economic and material aspects. Retrospective data obtained from an oral interview, part of the Longitudinal Study on Socio-Economic Health Differences (a longitudinal study in the South East of the Netherlands), were used. Indicators for socio-economic status at adult age were educational and occupational level, whilst health indicators included perceived general health and I self-reports of chronic conditions. The percentage reduction in odds ratios of education and occupation after adjustment for childhood environment was used to estimate the contribution of childhood environment. The results suggest that a substantial part of differences in health between educational and occupational groups can be attributed to differences in childhood environment. Educational level of the mother, occupation of the father and financial situation of the family are the most important childhood characteristics in the explanation of socio-economic health differences in adult life. Different mechanisms of explanation concerning the contribution of childhood environment to:socio-economic differences in adult life are discussed.
KW  - Childhood environment
KW  - Self-reported health
KW  - Socio-economic status
KW  - article
KW  - chronic disease
KW  - education
KW  - health status
KW  - human
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - occupation
KW  - self report
KW  - social aspect
KW  - socioeconomics
PB  - Elsevier Ltd
N1  - Cited By :63
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SSMDE
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Van de Mheen, H.; Department of Public Health, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Illsley, R., Svensson, P.G., Health inequities in Europe (1990) Soc. Sci. Med., 31, pp. 223-420; 
Mackenbach, J.P., Socio-economic health differences in the Netherlands: A review of recent empirical findings (1992) Soc. Sci. Med., 34, pp. 213-226; 
Davey Smith, G., Blane, D., Bartley, M., Explanations for socio-economic differentials in mortality (1994) Eur. J. Public Hlth, 4, pp. 131-144; 
Power, C., Social and economic background and class inequalities in health among young adults (1991) Soc. Sci. Med., 32, pp. 411-417; 
Power, C., A review of child health in the 1958 birth cohort: National child development study (1992) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 6, pp. 81-110; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., Follow-up of the first national birth cohort: Findings from the medical research council national survey of health and development (1987) Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol., 1, pp. 95-117; 
Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M., Parental height: Childhood environment and subsequent adult height in a national birth cohort (1989) Int. J. Epidemiol., 18, pp. 663-668; 
Lundberg, O., The impact of childhood living conditions on illness and mortality in adulthood (1993) Soc. Sci. Med., 36, pp. 1047-1052; 
Rona, R.J., Genetic and environmental factors in the control of growth in childhood (1981) Br. Med. J., 37, pp. 265-272; 
Lundberg, O., Causal explanations for class inequality in health - An empirical analysis (1991) Soc. Sci. Med., 32, pp. 385-393; 
Power, C., Fogelman, K., Fox, A.J., Health and social mobility during the early years of life (1986) Q. J. Soc. Aff., 2, pp. 397-413; 
Kaplan, G.A., Salonen, J.T., Socioeconomic conditions in childhood and ischaemic heart disease during middle age (1990) Br. Med. J., 301, pp. 1121-1123; 
Lynch, J.W., Childhood and adult socioeconomic status as predictors of mortality in Finland (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 524-527; 
Vågerö, D., Leon, D., Effect of social class in childhood and adulthood on adult mortality (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 1224-1225; 
Nyström Peck, M., The importance of childhood socioeconomic group for adult health (1994) Soc. Sci. Med., 39, pp. 553-562; 
Ostberg, V., Vågerö, D., Socio-economic differences in mortality among children. Do they persist into adulthood? (1991) Soc. Sci. Med., 32, pp. 403-410; 
Kuh, D.J.L., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Yusuf, E.J., Burden of disability in a post war birth cohort in the UK (1994) J. Epidemiol. Commun. Hlth, 48, pp. 262-269; 
Mackenbach, J.P., Van De Mheen, H., Stronks, K., A prospective cohort study investigating the explanation of socio-economic inequalities in health in the Netherlands (1994) Soc. Sci. Med., 38, pp. 299-308; 
Erikson, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., Portocarero, L., Intergenerational class mobility and the convergence thesis: England, France and Sweden (1983) Br. J. Sociol., 34, pp. 303-342; 
Belsley, D.A., Kuh, E., Welsch, R.E., (1980) Regression Diagnostics: Identifying Influential Data and Sources of Collinearity, , Wiley, New York; 
Hosmer, D.W., Lemeshow, S., (1989) Applied Logistic Regression, , Wiley, New York; 
Van Der Meer, J.B.W., Looman, C.W.N., Mackenbach, J.P., (1993) Sociaal-economische Verschillen in Medische Consumptie (in Dutch), , Instituut Maatschappelijke Gezondheidszorg Erasmus Universiteit, Rotterdam; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., Mann, S.L., Rodgers, B., Kuh, D.J.L., Hilder, W.S., Yusuf, E.J., Loss and representativeness in a 43 year follow up of a national birth cohort (1992) J. Epidemiol. Commun. Hlth, 46, pp. 300-304; 
Borrini, G., Dall'ora, P., Della Sala, S., Marinelli, L., Spinnler, H., Autobiographical memory. Sensitivity to age and education of a standardized enquiry (1989) Psychol. Med., 19, pp. 215-224; 
Fogelman, K., Power, C., Fox, J., Family breakdown, social mobility. National child development study (1987) Working Paper No. 25, 25. , Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London; 
Bartley, M., Power, C., Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Shipley, M., Birth weight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: Evidence from the 1958 British cohort study (1994) Br. Med. J., 309, pp. 1475-1479; 
Rodriquez, C., Regidor, E., Gutiérrez-Fisac, J.L., Low birth weight in Spain associated with sociodemographic factors (1995) J. Epidemiol. Commun. Hlth, 49, pp. 38-42; 
Amato, P.R., Keith, B., Parental divorce and adult well being: A meta analysis (1991) J. Marr. Fam., 53, pp. 43-58; 
Pless, I.B., Cripps, H.A., Davies, J.M.C., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Chronic physical illness in childhood: Psychological and social effects in adolescence and adult life (1989) Develop. Med. Child Neurol., 31, pp. 746-755; 
Lundberg, O., Childhood living conditions, health status, and social mobility: A contribution to the health selection debate (1991) Eur. Soc. Rev., 7, pp. 149-162; 
Wolfe, B.L., The influence of health on school outcomes (1985) Med. Care, 23, pp. 1127-1138; 
Wilkinson, R.G., Socioeconomic differentials in mortality: Interpreting the data on size and trends (1986) Class and Health: Research and Longitudinal Data, pp. 1-20. , Edited by Wilkinson R. G. Tavistock, London; 
Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Bartley, M., Social selection: What does it contribute to social class differences in health? (1993) Soc. Hlth Illness, 15, pp. 1-15; 
Kuh, D.J.L., Cooper, C., Physical activity at 36 years: Patterns and childhood predictors in a longitudinal study (1992) J. Epidemiol. Commun. Hlth, 46, pp. 114-119; 
Blaxter, M., (1981) The Health of the Children, , Heinemann, London; 
Cornia, G.A., Child poverty and deprivation in industrialised countries: Recent trends and policy options Innocenti Occasional Papers, 2. , Unicef International Child Development Centre, Florence; 
(1985) Targets for Health for All, , World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with socioeconomic position during childhood and during adulthood
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - BR. MED. J.
VL  - 313
IS  - 7070
SP  - 1434
EP  - 1438
PY  - 1996
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Blane, D.
AU  - Hart, C.L.
AU  - Davey Smith, G.
AU  - Gillis, C.R.
AU  - Hole, D.J.
AU  - Hawthorne, V.M.
AD  - Academic Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross Westminster Med. Sch., London W6 8RP, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Clinical Epidemiology
AD  - W. of Scotland Cancer Survlnc. Unit, Ruchill Hospital, Glasgow G20 9NB, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, MI 48109, United States
AB  - Objective - To investigate strength of associations between risk factors for cardiovascular disease and socioeconomic position during childhood and adulthood. Design - Cross sectional analysis of status of cardiovascular risk factors and past and present social circumstances. Subjects - 5645 male participants in the west of Scotland collaborative study, a workplace screening study. Main outcome measures - Strength of association between each risk factor for cardiovascular disease (diastolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol concentration, level of recreational physical exercise, cigarette smoking, body mass index, and FEV1 score (forced expiratory volume in one second as percentage of expected value) and social class during childhood (based on father's main occupation) and adulthood (based on own occupation at time of screening). Results - All the measured risk factors were significantly associated with both father's and own social class (P &lt; 0.05), apart from exercise and smoking (not significantly associated with father's social class) and body mass index (not significantly associated with own social class). For all risk factors except body mass index, the regression coefficient of own social class was larger than the regression coefficient of father's social class. The difference between the coefficients was significant for serum cholesterol concentration, cigarette smoking, body mass index, and FEV1 score (all P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions - Subjects' status for behavioural risk factors (exercise and smoking) was associated primarily with current socioeconomic circumstances, while status for physiological risk factors (serum cholesterol, blood pressure, body mass index, and FEV1) was associated to varying extents with both past and present socioeconomic circumstances.
KW  - cholesterol
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - body mass
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - cholesterol blood level
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - exercise
KW  - forced expiratory volume
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk factor
KW  - screening
KW  - social class
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Cardiovascular Diseases
KW  - Cholesterol
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Family Health
KW  - Forced Expiratory Volume
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Social Mobility
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
N1  - Cited By :261
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 8973230
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Blane, D.; Academic Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross Westminster Med School, London W6 8RP, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Cholesterol, 57-88-5
N1  - References: Barker, D.J.P., (1992) Fetal and Infant Origins of Adult Disease, , London: BMJ Publishing; 
Barker, D.J.P., Martyn, C.N., The maternal and fetal origins of cardiovascular disease (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 8-11; 
Forsdahl, A., Living conditions in childhood and subsequent development of risk factors for arteriosclerotic heart disease: The cardiovascular survey in Finmark 1974-75 (1978) J Epidemiol Community Health, 32, pp. 34-37; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., Cripps, H.A., Midwinter, R.A., Colley, J.R.T., Blood pressure at age 36 years and social and familial factors (1985) BMJ, 291, pp. 1534-1538; 
Bartley, M., Power, C., Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Shipley, M., Birthweight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: Evidence from the 1958 British cohort study (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 1475-1478; 
Kaplan, G.A., Salonen, J.T., Socioeconomic conditions in childhood and ischaemic heart disease during middle age (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 1121-1123; 
Lynch, J.W., Kaplan, G.A., Cohen, R.D., Kauhanen, J., Wilson, T.W., Smith, N.L., Childhood and adult socioeconomic status as predictors of mortality in Finland (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 524-527; 
Gliksman, M.D., Kawachi, I., Hunter, D., Colditz, G.A., Manson, J.A.E., Stampfer, M.J., Childhood socioeconomic status and risk of cardiovascular disease in middle aged US women: A prospective study (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 10-15; 
Brunner, E., Davey Smith, G., Marmot, M., Canner, R., Beksinska, M., O'Brien, J., Childhood social circumstances and psychosocial and behavioural factors as determinants of plasma fibrinogen (1996) Lancet, 347, pp. 1008-1013; 
Burr, M.L., Sweetnam, P.M., Family size and paternal unemployment in relation to myocardial infarction (1980) J Epidemiol Community Health, 34, pp. 93-95; 
Arnesen, E., Forsdahl, A., The Tromso heart study: Coronary risk factors and their association with living conditions during childhood (1985) J Epidemiol Community Health, 39, pp. 210-214; 
Notkola, V., Punsar, S., Karvonen, M.J., Haapakoski, J., Socioeconomic conditions in childhood and mortality and morbidity caused by coronary heart disease in adulthood in rural Finland (1985) Soc Sci Med, 21, pp. 517-523; 
Notkola, V., Living conditions in childhood and coronary heart disease in adulthood (1985) Commentationes Scientiarum Socialium, 29, pp. 15-119; 
Hawthorne, V.M., Fry, J.S., Smoking and health: The association between smoking behaviour, total mortality and cardiorespiratory disease in west central Scotland (1978) J Epidemiol Community Health, 32, pp. 260-266; 
Ebi-Kryston, K.L., Hawthorne, V.M., Rose, G., Shipley, M.J., Gillis, C.R., Hole, D.J., Breathlessness, chronic bronchitis and reduced pulmonary function as predictors of cardiovascular disease mortality among men in England, Scotland and the United States (1989) Int J Epidemiol, 18, pp. 84-88; 
Davey Smith, G., Shipley, M., Hole, D.J., Hart, C.L., Watt, G.C.M., Gillis, C.R., Explaining male mortality differentials between the West of Scotland and the South of England (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, p. 541; 
Marshall, G., Rose, D., Newby, H., Vogler, C., (1988) Social Class in Modern Britain, , London: Unwin Hyman; 
Goldthorpe, J.H., (1980) Social Mobility and Class Structure in Modern Britain, , Oxford: Clarendon; 
Hole, D.J., Watt, G.C.M., Davey Smith, G., Hart, C.L., Gillis, C.R., Hawthorne, V.M., Impaired lung function and mortality risk in men and women: Findings from the Renfrew and Paisley prospective population study (1996) BMJ, 313, pp. 711-715; 
(1966) Classification of Occupations 1966, , London: HMSO; 
Glass, D.V., (1954) Social Mobility in Britain, , London: Routledge; 
Erikson, R., Goldthorpe, J.H., (1993) The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Societies, , Oxford: Clarendon; 
Reid, I., (1989) Social Class Differences in Britain. 3rd Ed., , London: Fontana; 
Armitage, P., (1971) Statistical Methods in Medical Research, , Oxford: Blackwell; 
Hawthorne, V.M., Watt, G.C., Hart, C.L., Hole, D.J., Davey Smith, G., Gillis, C.R., Cardiorespiratory disease in men and women in urban Scotland: Baseline characteristics of the Renfrew/Paisley (Midspan) study population (1995) Scot Med J, 40, pp. 102-107; 
Woodward, M., Shewry, M.C., Cairns, W., Smith, S., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Social status and coronary heart disease: Results from the Scottish heart health study (1992) Prev Med, 21, pp. 136-148; 
Shaper, A.G., Pocock, S.J., Walker, M., Cohen, N.M., Wale, C.J., Thomson, A.G., British regional heart study: Cardiovascular risk factors in middle aged men in 24 towns (1981) BMJ, 283, pp. 179-186; 
Marmot, M.G., Rose, G., Shipley, M.J., Hamilton, P.J., Employment grade and coronary heart disease in British civil servants (1978) J Epidemiol Community Health, 32, pp. 244-249; 
Marmot, M.G., Davey Smith, G., Stansfeld, S., Patel, C., North, F., Head, J., Health inequalities among British civil servants: The Whitehall II study (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 1387-1393; 
Payne, G., (1987) Mobility and Change in Modern Society, , London: Macmillan; 
Fox, A.J., Collier, P.F., Low mortality rates in industrial cohort studies due to selection for work and survival in industry (1976) Br J Prev Soc Med, 9, pp. 180-185; 
Braddon, F.E.M., Rogers, B., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Davies, J.M.C., Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study (1986) BMJ, 293, pp. 299-303; 
Power, C., Moynihan, C., Social class and changes in weight-for-height between childhood and early adulthood (1988) Int J Obesity, 12, pp. 445-453
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029905893&partnerID=40&md5=9204f01af3b7dad4d7c5428584519b2c
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mortality during 25 years of follow-up of a cohort with diabetes
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - INT. J. EPIDEMIOL.
VL  - 25
IS  - 6
SP  - 1250
EP  - 1261
PY  - 1996
DO  - 10.1093/ije/25.6.1250
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Swerdlow, A.J.
AU  - Jones, M.E.
AD  - Epidemiological Monitoring Unit, London Sch. of Hyg. and Trop. Med., Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
AB  - Background. Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases in Western populations. There have been few large published cohort studies of people with diabetes that have had more than 10 years of follow-up, and none other than the present one are in the UK. Such studies are important to understand the long-term fatal consequences of diabetes and their variation over time and between countries. Methods. Cause-specific mortality was analysed in follow-up from 1966-1970 to December 1992 of 5783 members of the British Diabetic Association living in England and Wales during 1966-1970. Comparison was made with age-, sex- and calendar year-specific mortality by cause in the general population of England and Wales. Results. During the follow-up 3399 (58.8%) subjects died. The relative risk of all-cause mortality in the cohort compared to the general population was 2.31 in women and 1.58 in men (both P < 0.001). Relative risks were greater for women than men at almost all ages and for each major diabetes-related cause of death, Absolute excess ('attributable') mortality rates were also greater in women than men, except at ages < 50. Half the deaths in each sex were from circulatory diseases and only 3.4% were from renal disease. The relative risks of mortality for all-causes and circulatory diseases were particularly great at younger ages, but changed little with duration of follow-up. At ages < 40 the relative risks for all-causes were 3.79 in men and 5.51 in women and for ischaemic heart disease were 10.44 and 25.25 respectively (all P < 0.001). At these ages one-third of deaths were due to acute complications of diabetes, suicides and accidents, whereas at older ages these accounted for only 4% of deaths. Conclusions. The mortality rates at young ages in the cohort were around twice those in Sweden, Norway and Israel, suggesting that many of the deaths in England and Wales are preventable. The results also indicate a particular need for investigation and amelioration of cardiovascular risk factors in English and Welsh patients, especially women.
KW  - Cohort
KW  - Diabetes mellitus
KW  - England and Wales
KW  - Mortality
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - cardiovascular risk
KW  - cause of death
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - diabetes mellitus
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - ischemic heart disease
KW  - kidney disease
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - priority journal
KW  - sex difference
KW  - suicide
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Diabetes Mellitus
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Sex Distribution
N1  - Cited By :82
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJEPB
C2  - 9027532
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Swerdlow, A.J.; Epidemiological Monitoring Unit, London School Hygiene Tropical Med., Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Home, P.D., Diagnosing the undiagnosed with diabetes. Professional alertness remains the most efficient approach (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 611-612; 
Fuller, J.H., Elford, J., Goldblatt, P., Adelstein, A.M., Diabetes mortality: New light on an underestimated public health problem (1983) Diabetologia, 24, pp. 336-341; 
Waugh, N.R., Dallas, J.H., Jung, R.T., Newton, R.W., Mortality in a cohort of diabetic patients. Causes and relative risks (1989) Diabetologia, 32, pp. 103-104; 
Krówlewski, A.S., Czyzyk, A., Janeczko, D., Kopczyński, J., Mortality from cardiovascular diseases among diabetics (1977) Diabetologia, 13, pp. 345-350; 
Panzram, G., Zabel-Langhennig, R., Prognosis of diabetes mellitus in a geographically defined population (1981) Diabetologia, 20, pp. 587-591; 
Sasaki, A., Horiuchi, N., Hasegawa, K., Uehara, M., Mortality and causes of death in Type 2 diabetic patients. A long-term follow-up study in Osaka District, Japan (1989) Diabetes Res Clin Prac, 7, pp. 33-40; 
Palumbo, P.J., Elveback, L.R., Chu, C.-P., Connolly, D.C., Kurland, L.T., Diabetes mellitus: Incidence, prevalence, survivorship, and causes of death in Rochester, Minnesota, 1945-1970 (1976) Diabetes, 25, pp. 566-573; 
Kessler, I.I., Mortality experience of diabetic patients. A twenty-six year follow-up study (1971) Am J Med, 51, pp. 715-724; 
Borch-Johnsen, K., Kreiner, S., Deckert, T., Mortality of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Denmark: A study of relative mortality in 2930 Danish type 1 diabetic patients diagnosed from 1933 to 1972 (1986) Diabetologia, 29, pp. 767-772; 
Joner, G., Patrick, S., The mortality of children with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Norway, 1973-1988 (1991) Diabetologia, 34, pp. 29-32; 
Dorman, J.S., Laporte, R.E., Kuller, L.H., The Pittsburgh insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) morbidity and mortality study (1984) Diabetes, 33, pp. 271-276; 
Major cross-country differences in risk of dying for people with IDDM (1991) Diabetes Care, 14, pp. 49-54; 
International analysis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus mortality: A preventable mortality perspective (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 142, pp. 612-618; 
Shenfield, G.M., Elton, R.A., Bhalla, I.P., Duncan, L.J.P., Diabetic mortality in Edinburgh (1979) Diabete Metab (Paris), 5, pp. 149-158; 
Armstrong, B., Lea, A.J., Adelstein, A.M., Donovan, J.W., White, G.C., Ruttle, S., Cancer mortality and saccharin consumption in diabetics (1976) Br J Prev Soc Med, 30, pp. 151-157; 
Fuller, J.H., Mortality trends and causes of death in diabetic patients (1993) Diabete Metab (Paris), 19, pp. 96-99; 
(1977) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, , Geneva: WHO; 
Coleman, M., Douglas, A., Hermon, C., Cohort study analyses with a FORTRAN computer program (1986) Int J Epidemiol, 15, pp. 134-137; 
Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1987) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research Volume II - The Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies, 2, pp. 151-152. , Lyon: IARC; 
Falconer, D.S., Duncan, L.J.P., Smith, C., A statistical and genetical study of diabetes. 1. Prevalence and morbidity (1971) Ann Hum Genet. Lond, 34, pp. 347-369; 
Laakso, M., Pyörälä, K., Age of onset and type of diabetes (1985) Diabetes Care, 8, pp. 114-117; 
International evaluation of cause-specific mortality and IDDM (1991) Diabetes Care, 14, pp. 55-60; 
Moss, S.E., Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Cause-specific mortality in a population-based study of diabetes (1991) Am J Public Health, 81, pp. 1158-1162; 
Borch-Johnsen, K., Nissen, H., Henricksen, E., The natural history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Denmark: 1. Long-term survival with and without late diabetic complications (1987) Diab Med, 4, pp. 201-210; 
Balkau, B., Eschwège, E., Ducimetière, P., Richard, J.-L., Warnet, J.-M., The high risk of death by alcohol related diseases in subjects diagnosed as diabetic and impaired glucose tolerant: The Paris prospective study after 15 years of follow-up (1991) J Clin Epidemiol, 44, pp. 465-474; 
(1985) Mortality Statistics, Cause 1984, England and Wales, , Series DH2 no 11. London: HMSO; 
Reunanen, A., Mortality in type 2 diabetes (1983) Ann Clin Res, 15 (SUPPL.), pp. 26-28; 
Kleinman, J.C., Donahue, R.P., Harris, M.I., Finucane, F.F., Madans, J.H., Brock, D.B., Morality among diabetics in a national sample (1988) Am J Epidemiol, 128, pp. 389-401; 
Lounamaa, P., Lounamaa, R., Tuomilehto, J., Reunanen, A., Mortality of type 1 diabetes: The relative risk is higher in females but the absolute increased risk is higher in males (1991) Diabetologia, 34 (2 SUPPL.), pp. A178; 
Sartor, G., Nyström, L., Dahlquist, G., The Swedish Childhood Diabetes Study: A seven-fold decrease in short-term mortality? (1991) Diab Med, 8, pp. 18-21; 
Nyström, L., Östman, J., Wall, S., Wibell, L., Mortality of all incident cases of diabetes mellitus in Sweden diagnosed 1983-1987 at age 15-34 years (1992) Diab Med, 9, pp. 422-427; 
Green, A., Borch-Johnsen, K., Kragh Andersen, P., Relative mortality of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in Denmark: 1933-1981 (1985) Diabetologia, 28, pp. 339-342; 
Kannel, W.B., McGee, D.L., Diabetes and glucose intolerance as risk factors for cardiovascular disease: The Framingham study (1979) Diabetes Care, 2, pp. 120-126; 
Pan, W.-H., Cedres, L.B., Liu, K., Relationship of clinical diabetes and asymptomatic hyperglycaemia to risk of coronary heart disease mortality in men and women (1986) Am J Epidemiol, 123, pp. 504-516; 
Feskens, E.J.M., Bowles, C.H., Kromhout, D., Glucose tolerance and mortality from ischemic heart disease in an elderly population. Impact of repeated glucose measurements (1993) Ann Epidemiol, 3, pp. 336-342; 
Barrett-Connor, E., Khaw, K.-T., Diabetes mellitus: An independent risk factor for stroke? (1988) Am J Epidemiol, 128, pp. 116-123; 
Green, A., Hougaard, P., Epidemiological studies of diabetes mellitus in Denmark: 5. Mortality and causes of deaths among insulin-treated diabetic patients (1984) Diabetologia, 26, pp. 190-194
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A review of epidemiological research concerning health effects criteria for recreational waters
T2  - Medical Microbiology Letters
J2  - Med. Microbiol. Lett.
VL  - 5
IS  - SUPPL. 1
SP  - 
EP  - 
PY  - 1996
SN  - 10184627 (ISSN) 
AU  - Mavridou, A.
AD  - National School of Public Health, Alexandras Ave. 196, Athens 11521
AB  - The basic aim of investigations into the health effects of swimming or bathing has always been to determine what difference in illness incidence might be expected from swimming in waters containing varying degrees of bacterial pollution. Most studies have been of the prospective epidemic-logical type, now generally termed "Cabelli-styte", after the first study conducted by the EPA in the 1970's. Trained staff approached people leaving the beach and asked them to take part in the study by filling in a questionnaire including details about whether they had entered the water,swum or bathed, their various activities on the beach, their age, employment and details about their state of health .The state of health of these people and their families was followed up. The microorganisms employed to assess water quality varied from one to a combination of total and faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci, E. coli, enterococci and staphylococci. Prospective studies were carried out in Alexandria, Egypt (1980), two in Tel-Aviv , Israeli 1983 & 1991), three in Spain (1983), two in France (1983 & 1987), two in Canada (1985 & 1989), Turkey (1989), Hong Kong (1988) and Australia ( 1989). Practically all of them obtained results in the form of higher morbidity among bathers as compared to non-bathers, the best correlation with water quality being with one or other microorganism where different beaches were compared. Faecal streptococci counts showed a significant relation with the occurrence of gastroenteritis in the 1 -4 age group. The prospective studies received strong criticism concerning the accuracy of their protocol and the comparability of their results. During the last five years a "health volunteer" design has been tried in the U.K. A first step included two pilot studies which were followed by larger-scale ones. Healthy volunteers were recruited and divided into bathing and non-bathing cohorts. Clinical tests were held both before and after exposure. While significantly higher rates of sore thoat, ear and eye symptoms were reported by the bathers three days after the study and diarrhoea three weeks later, there was no correlation between the results of the clinical tests and the perceived symptoms reported. Faecal streptococci counts, measured at chest level, showed a significant dose-response relation with gastroenteritis. Adverse health effects were identified when faecal streptococci counts exceeded 32/100 ml. Studies in our laboratory showed significantly higher counts of staphylococci and anthropogenic fungi when the number of swimmers on the beach increased.
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: MMLEE
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: National School of Public Health, Alexandras Ave. 196, Athens 11521
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33846660536&partnerID=40&md5=c10f8995fc92f35c2db84c96cdc9a542
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Phaeochromocytoma in Northern Ireland: A 21 Year Review
T2  - European Journal of Surgery
J2  - Eur. J. Surg.
VL  - 162
IS  - 9
SP  - 695
EP  - 702
PY  - 1996
SN  - 11024151 (ISSN) 
AU  - Beatty, O.L.
AU  - Russell, C.F.J.
AU  - Kennedy, L.
AU  - Hadden, D.R.
AU  - Kennedy, T.L.
AU  - Atkinson, A.B.
AD  - Sir George E. Clark Metabolic Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Endocrine Surgery, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom
AD  - Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective: To report our experience of 41 patients with phaeochromocytoma. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Teaching hospital, United Kingdom. Subjects: Forty-one patients who presented with phaeochromocytoma 1970-1991. Interventions: Removal of tumour (n = 38). Main outcome measures: Mortality, morbidity, and recurrence. Results: Thirty-four patients had sporadic tumours, five had the multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2 syndrome, and two had non-MEN familial phaeochromocytoma. Thirty-six patients (88%) presented with symptoms of catecholamine excess, and 37 (90%) were hypertensive. The diagnosis was confirmed biochemically in 37. Tumours were located using computed tomography (n = 26), vascular studies (n = 11), and ultrasonography (n = 3). Thirty-eight patients had their tumours resected, of whom 10 (27%) developed complications. There were no postoperative deaths. Two patients were managed conservatively, and one died before diagnosis. Six patients developed recurrent tumours a mean of five years after the initial operation, and another patient had an inoperable tumour at initial diagnosis; four of these seven died from metastatic disease. Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scans were positive in three of the patients who developed recurrences. Conclusion: Patients with phaeochromocytoma can now be operated on safely but prolonged follow-up is essential.
KW  - atenolol
KW  - catecholamine
KW  - chlorpromazine
KW  - labetalol
KW  - metoprolol
KW  - phenoxybenzamine
KW  - prazosin
KW  - propranolol
KW  - article
KW  - cancer recurrence
KW  - cancer survival
KW  - clinical article
KW  - clinical feature
KW  - computer assisted tomography
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - iceland
KW  - male
KW  - pheochromocytoma
KW  - priority journal
KW  - safety
KW  - treatment outcome
KW  - urinalysis
KW  - Adrenal Gland Neoplasms
KW  - Catecholamines
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - Male
KW  - Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a
KW  - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
KW  - Northern Ireland
KW  - Pheochromocytoma
KW  - Retrospective Studies
N1  - Cited By :22
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EUJSE
C2  - 8908450
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Russell, C.F.J.; Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Catecholamines
N1  - References: Averbuch, S.D., Steakley, C.S., Young, R.C., Malignant phaeochromocytoma: Effective management with a combination of cyclophosphamide, vincristine and dacarbazine (1988) Ann Intern Med, 109, pp. 267-273; 
Bingham, W., Elliott, J., Lyons, S.M., Management of anaesthesia for phaeochromocytoma (1972) Anaesthesia, 27, pp. 49-60; 
Black, H., Bursten, S., A clinical screening system for detection of patients with phaeochromocytomas (1984) Yale J Biol Med, 52, pp. 259-272; 
Bravo, E.L., Tarazi, R.C., Gifford, R.W., Circulating and urinary catecholamines in phaeochromocytoma - Diagnostic and pathophysiologic implications (1979) N Engl J Med, 301, pp. 682-686; 
Chatal, J.F., Charbonnel, B., Comparison of iodobenzylguanidine imaging with computed tomography in locating phaeochromocytoma (1985) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 61, pp. 769-772; 
Daggett, P., Verner, I., Carruthers, M., Intraoperative management of phaeochromocytoma with sodium nitroprusside (1978) BMJ, 2, pp. 311-313; 
Desmonts, J.M., Le Houelleur, J., Remond, P., Duvaldestein, P., Anaesthetic management of patients with phaeochromocytoma: A review of 102 cases (1977) Br J Anaesth, 49, pp. 991-998; 
Duncan, M., Compton, P., Lazurus, L., Smythe, G., Measurement of norepinephrine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol in urine and plasma for the diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma (1988) N Engl J Med, 319, pp. 136-142; 
Gifford, R.J., Kvale, W., Maher, F., Roth, G., Priestley, J., Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of phaeochromocytoma: A review of 76 cases (1964) Mayo Clin Proc, 39, pp. 281-302; 
Hadden, D.R., O'Reilly, F., Kennedy, L., Russell, C., Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A: A Northern Ireland and Australian family (1987) Henry Ford Hosp Med J, 35, pp. 107-109; 
Hanson, M.W., Feldman, J.M., Beam, C.A., Leight, G.S., Coleman, R.E., Iodine 131-labelled metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy and biochemical analyses in suspected phaeochromocytoma (1991) Arch Intern Med, 151, pp. 1397-1402; 
Harper, M.A., Murnaghan, G.A., Kennedy, L., Hadden, D.R., Atkinson, A.B., Phaeochromocytoma in pregnancy. Five cases and a review of the literature (1989) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 96, pp. 594-606; 
Hull, C.J., Phaeochromocytoma. Diagnosis, preoperative preparation and anaesthetic management (1986) Br J Anaesth, 58, p. 1453; 
Januszewicz, W., Wocial, B., Clinical and biochemical aspects of phaeochromocytoma: Report of 110 cases (1985) Cardiology, 72 (1 SUPPL.), pp. 131-136; 
Koshida, K., Nishikawa, T., Ishida, T., Naito, K., Hisazumi, H., A clinical review of 30 phaeochromocytoma patients (1988) Acta Urol Japan, 34, pp. 592-597; 
Krempf, M., Lumbroso, J., Mornex, R., Use of M-(131I) iodobenzylguanidine in the treatment of malignant phaeochromocytoma (1991) J Clin Endocrinol, 72, pp. 455-461; 
LCEC Application Note 14. Bioanalytical Systems Inc., West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; Minno, A., Bennett, W., Kvale, W., Phaeochromocytoma - Study of 15 cases diagnosed at autopsy (1954) N Engl J Med, 251, pp. 959-965; 
Mitty, H., Cohen, B., Adrenal imaging (1985) Urol Clin North Am, 12, pp. 771-785; 
Modlin, I.M., Farndon, J.R., Shepherd, A., Phaeochromocytomas in 72 patients: Clinical and diagnostic features, treatment and long term results (1979) Br J Surg, 66, pp. 456-465; 
Modlinger, R.S., Ertel, N.H., Hauptman, J.B., Adrenergic blockade in phaeochromocytoma (1983) Arch Intern Med, 99, pp. 477-479; 
Morrison, P.J., Hadden, D.R., Hughes, A.E., Kennedy, L., Russell, C.F.J., Nevin, N.C., Gene probe analysis in an informative family with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2A (MEN 2A). Improvement in carrier risk estimation (1991) Quart J Med, 79, pp. 597-603; 
Perry, L.B., Gould, A.B., The anaesthetic management of phaeochromocytoma. Effect of pre-operative adrenergic blocking drugs (1972) Anaesth Analg, 51, p. 36; 
Plouin, P.F., Chatellier, G., Rougeot, M.A., Recent developments in phaeochromocytoma diagnosis and imaging (1988) Adv Nephrol, 17, pp. 275-286; 
Plouin, P., Duclos, J., Menard, J., Comoy, E., Bohuon, C., Alexandre, J., Biochemical tests for the diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma urinary versus plasma determinations (1981) BMJ, 282, pp. 853-854; 
Remine, W., Chong, G., Van Heerden, J., Sheps, S., Harrison, E., Current management of phaeochromocytoma (1974) Ann Surg, 179, pp. 740-748; 
Ross, E., Griffith, D., The clinical presentation of phaeochromocytoma (1989) Quart J Med, 71, pp. 485-496; 
Ross, E.J., Prichard, B.N.C., Kaufmann, L., Preoperative and operative management of patients with phaeochromocytoma (1969) Anaesth Analg, 59, pp. 154-162; 
Scott, H.W., Reynolds, V., Green, N., Clinical experience with malignant phaeochromocytomas (1984) Surgery, 96, pp. 1061-1066; 
Shapiro, B., Summary, conclusions and future directions of (iodine 131) metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy in the treatment of neural crest tumors (1991) J Nucl Biol Med, 35, pp. 357-363; 
Shapiro, B., Copp, J.E., Sisson, J.C., Iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine for the locating of suspected phaeochromocytoma: Experience in 400 cases (1985) J Nucl Med, 26, pp. 576-585; 
Shapiro, B., Sisson, J.C., Lloyd, R., Nakajo, M., Satterlee, W., Beierwaltes, W.H., Malignant phaeochromocytoma: Clinical, biochemical and scintigraphic characterization (1984) Clin Endocrinol, 20, pp. 189-203; 
Sheps, S.G., Phaeochromocytoma (1984) Clinical Medicine, 7, pp. 1-26. , Spittel JA Jr, Frohnert PP, Sheps SG, eds. Philadelphia; Harper and Row; 
Sheps, S.G., Jiang, N.-S., Klee, G.G., Diagnostic evaluation for phaeochromocytoma (1988) Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 17, pp. 397-414; 
Sheps, G.G., Jiang, N., Klee, G.C., Van Heerden, J.A., Recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of phaeochromocytoma (1990) Mayo Clin Proc, 65, pp. 88-95; 
Stein, P.P., Black, H.R., A simplified diagnostic approach to phaeochromocytoma (1990) Medicine, 70, pp. 46-66; 
Stewart, R.J., Anderson, J.R., Laird, J.D., Atkinson, A.B., Kennedy, T.L., Meta-iodobenzylguanidine in metastatic phaeochromocytoma (1984) Clin Endocrinol, 21, pp. 525-527; 
Thomas, J., Rooke, E., Kvale, W., The neurologists experience with phaeochromocytoma: A review of 100 cases (1966) JAMA, 197, pp. 100-104; 
Tucker, R., Labarthe, D., Frequency of surgical treatment for hypertension in adults at the Mayo Clinic from 1973 through 1975 (1977) Mayo Clin Proc, 52, pp. 549-555; 
Van Heerden, J.A., Sheps, S.G., Hamberger, B., Sheedy, P.F., Poston, J.G., Remine, W.H., Phaeochromocytoma: Current status and changing trends (1982) Surgery, 91, pp. 367-372; 
Warren, M.J., Shepstone, B.J., Soper, N., Iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) for the localisation of suspected phaeochromocytoma (1989) Nucl Med Commun, 10, pp. 467-475
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029849297&partnerID=40&md5=0d13e0c1082ff171c0a65f4809d59349
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Survival after peptic ulcer perforation: A time trend analysis
T2  - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
J2  - J. CLIN. EPIDEMIOL.
VL  - 49
IS  - 12
SP  - 1363
EP  - 1371
PY  - 1996
DO  - 10.1016/S0895-4356(96)00278-8
SN  - 08954356 (ISSN) 
AU  - Svanes, C.
AU  - Lie, R.T.
AU  - Lie, S.A.
AU  - Kvåle, G.
AU  - Svanes, K.
AU  - Søreide, O.
AD  - Department of Surgery, Haukeland Hospital, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
AD  - Sect. for Med. Info. and Statistics, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
AD  - Department of Surgery, National Hospital, University of Oslo, 0027 Oslo, Norway
AB  - The survival of 1098 patients with ulcer perforation in Norway during the period 1952-1990 was compared with expected survival. Cox regression models incorporating population mortality rates, were used to analyse effects of sex, age, year of birth, and year at risk on excess mortality. Survival was lower in patients than in the general population through a follow-up period of 38 years. Relative survival was lower in women as compared to men, due to more delayed treatment. Long-term survival was lower after praepyloric perforations than after the other perforation types. Relative survival was higher in patients treated 1952-1970 than in those treated more recently. However, adjustment for year of birth revealed a decline in short-term mortality with calendar time, which is in accordance with improved management during the study period. Relative mortality, particularly long-term mortality, was higher in younger birth cohorts, suggesting a shift towards more serious etiologies.
KW  - Birth cohort
KW  - Expected survival
KW  - Gastric resection
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Peptic ulcer perforation
KW  - Relative survival
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - gastrectomy
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - norway
KW  - peptic ulcer
KW  - priority journal
KW  - sex difference
KW  - survival rate
KW  - ulcer perforation
KW  - Cohort Effect
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Norway
KW  - Peptic Ulcer Perforation
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Survival Rate
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :14
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JCEPE
C2  - 8970486
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Svanes, C.; Dept. of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
N1  - References: Hudson, N., Faulkner, G., Smith, S.J., Langman, M.J.S., Hawkey, C.J., Logan, R.F.A., Late mortality in elderly patients surviving acute peptic ulcer bleeding (1995) Gut, 37, pp. 177-181; 
Rørbaek-Madsen, M., Fischer, L., Thomsen, H., Wara, P., Late outcome of bleeding gastric ulcer (1994) Scand J Gastroenterol, 29, pp. 983-987; 
Lundegårdh, G., Helmick, C., Zack, M., Adami, H.O., Mortality among patients with partial gastrectomy for benign ulcer disease (1994) Dig Dis Sci, 39, pp. 340-346; 
Tersmette, A.C., Offerhaus, J.A., Giardiello, F.M., Brand, R., Tersmette, K.W.F., Tytgat, G.N.J., Vandenbroucke, J.P., Long-term prognosis after partial gastrectomy for benign conditions (1991) Gastroenterology, 101, pp. 148-153; 
Stemmermann, G.N., Heilburn, L., Nomura, A., Rhoads, G.G., Glober, G.A., Late mortality after partial gastrectomy (1984) Int J Epidemiol, 13, pp. 299-303; 
Ross, A.H.M., Smith, M.A., Anderson, J.R., Small, W.P., Late mortality after surgery for peptic ulcer (1982) N Engl J Med, 307, pp. 519-522; 
Lundegårdh, G., Holmberg, L., Krusemo, U.B., Long-term survival in patients operated on for benign peptic ulcer disease (1991) Br J Surg, 78, pp. 234-236; 
Schafer, L.W., Larson, D.E., Melton, J., Higgins, J.A., Ilstrup, D.M., The risk of gastric carcinoma after surgical treatment for benign ulcer disease (1983) N Engl J Med, 309, pp. 1210-1213; 
Watt, P.C.H., Patterson, C.C., Kennedy, T.L., Late mortality after vagotomy and drainage for duodenal ulcer (1984) Br Med J, 288, pp. 1335-1338; 
Ditlevsen, S., Survival after vagotomy: Results of the Aarhus County Vagotomy Trial (1989) World J Surg, 13, pp. 776-781; 
Bonnevie, O., Survival in peptic ulcer (1978) Gastroenterology, 75, pp. 1055-1060; 
Lee, S., Iida, M., Yao, T., Shindo, S., Fujishima, M., Okabe, H., Long term follow-up of 2529 patients with gastric and duodenal ulcer: Survival rate and causes of death (1988) Gastroenterology, 94, pp. 381-386; 
Westlund, K., Mortality of peptic ulcer patients (1963) Acta Med Scand, (SUPPL.), pp. 398-402; 
Verheul, H.A., Dekker, E., Bossuyt, P., Moulijn, A.C., Dunning, A.J., Background mortality in clinical survival studies (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 872-875; 
Lie, S.A., Lie, R.T., Svanes, C., Expected survival and survival of peptic ulcer patients Stat Med, , accepted for publication; 
Svanes, C., Salvesen, H., Espehaug, B., Svanes, K., Søreide, O., Perforated gastroduodenal ulcer. An analysis of the increase in treatment delay 1935-1985 (1989) Surg Res Comm, 6, pp. 181-188; 
Clarke, K.W., Gray, D., Keating, N.A., Hampton, J.R., Do women with myocardial infarction receive the same treatment as men? (1994) Br Med J, 309, pp. 563-566; 
Svanes, C., Salvesen, H., Stangeland, L., Svanes, K., Søreide, O., Perforated peptic ulcer over 56 years. Time trends in patients and disease characteristics (1993) Gut, 34, pp. 1666-1667; 
Svanes, C., Lie, R.T., Kvåle, G., Svanes, K., Søreide, O., Incidence of perforated ulcer in Western Norway 1935-90: Cohort or period dependent time trends? (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 141, pp. 836-844; 
Sverre, J.M., Laake, P., Sex-specific trends in mortality for the aging population in Norway: A model with age, period and cohort effects (1991) Epidemiol, 2, pp. 182-187; 
Thomsen, B.L., Keiding, N., Altman, D.G., A note on the calculation of expected survival, illustrated by the survival of liver transplant patients (1991) Stat Med, 10, pp. 733-738; 
Andersen, P.K., Borch-Johnsen, K., Deckert, T., Green, A., Hougaard, P., Keiding, N., Kreiner, S., A Cox regression model for the relative mortality and its application to diabetes mellitus survival data (1985) Biometrics, 41, pp. 921-932; 
Svanes, C., Salvesen, H., Espehaug, B., Søreide, O., Svanes, K., A multifactorial analysis of factors related to lethality after treatment of perforated gastroduodenal ulcer 1935-1985 (1989) Ann Surg, 209, pp. 418-423; 
Kato, I., Nomura, A.M.Y., Stemmermann, G.N., Chyou, P.H., A prospective study of gastric and duodenal ulcer and its relation to smoking, alcohol and diet (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 135, pp. 521-530; 
Smedley, F., Hickish, T., Taube, M., Yale, C., Leach, R., Wastell, C., Perforated duodenal ulcer and cigarette smoking (1988) J R Soc Med, 81, pp. 92-94; 
Stemmermann, G.N., Marcus, E.B., Buist, A.S., MacLean, C.J., Relative impact of smoking and reduced pulmonary function on peptic ulcer risk. A prospective study of Japanese men in Hawaii (1989) Gastroenterology, 96, pp. 1419-1424; 
Reinbach, D.H., Cruickshank, G., McColl, K.E.L., Acute perforated duodenal ulcer is not associated with Helicobacter pylorii infection (1993) Gut, 34, pp. 1344-1347; 
Cohen, M.M., Treatment and mortality of perforated peptic ulcer: A survey of 852 cases (1971) Can Med Assoc J, 105, pp. 263-269; 
Wilkinson, P., Laji, K., Ranjadayalan, K., Parsons, L., Timmis, A.D., Acute myocaridal infarction in women: Survival analysis in first six months (1994) Br Med J, 309, pp. 566-569; 
Bell, M.R., Garratt, K.N., Bresnahan, J.F., Homes, D.R., Immediate and long term outcome after directional coronary atherectomy: Analysis of gender differences (1994) Mayo Clin Proc, 69, pp. 723-729; 
Hennessy, E., Perforated peptic ulcer: Mortality and morbidity in 603 cases (1969) Aust N Z J Surgery, 38, pp. 243-252; 
Irvin, T.T., Mortality and perforated peptic ulcer: A case for risk stratification in elderly patients (1989) Br J Surg, 76, pp. 215-218
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Five decades of missing females in China
T2  - Proceedings - American Philosophical Society
VL  - 140
IS  - 4
SP  - 421
EP  - 450
PY  - 1996
SN  - 
AU  - Coale, A.J.
AU  - Banister, J.
AB  - Analyzes data from the four modern censuses of China from 1953 to 1990 and from two large-scale retrospective fertility surveys in 1982 and 1988 to trace the record of excess masculinity in successive Chinese birth cohorts, from those born in the last 1930s to those born in the late 1980s. The extent and high quality of the data permit several inferences, including the probable existence of high rates of female infanticide in the 1930s and early 1940s, a large reduction of this practice by the 1960s, the effect of the famine in 1959-61 on the sex ratio in selected cohorts, evidence of the beginning around 1970 of selective termination of childbearing following a male birth, and the emerging impact on the sex ratio at birth in the 1980s of sex-selective abortion.
KW  - census
KW  - cultural impact
KW  - demographic data
KW  - developing country
KW  - female infanticide
KW  - female mortality
KW  - gender discrimination
KW  - population fertility
KW  - sex ratio
KW  - son preference
KW  - China
N1  - Cited By :14
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030410429&partnerID=40&md5=bba157313fd4c84580eb80182ff18c27
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Birthweight, body-mass index in middle age, and incident coronary heart disease
T2  - Lancet
J2  - LANCET
VL  - 348
IS  - 9040
SP  - 1478
EP  - 1480
PY  - 1996
DO  - 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)03482-4
SN  - 01406736 (ISSN) 
AU  - Frankel, S.
AU  - Elwood, P.
AU  - Sweetnam, P.
AU  - Yarnell, J.
AU  - Davey Smith, G.
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom
AD  - Medical Research Council, Epidemiology Unit, Llandough Hospital, Penarth, South Glamorgan, United Kingdom
AB  - Background. Several studies have shown a relation between fetal development, as shown by birthweight, and later coronary heart disease. This study investigated whether this relation is predominantly the consequence of early life exposures, or can best be explained in terms of an interaction between influences in early life and in adulthood. Methods. This prospective study in Caerphilly, South Wales, included 1258 men, aged 45-59 at initial screening, who were able to provide birthweight data. These men are from an initial cohort of 2512 men, from whom information has been obtained in a series of examinations since 1979 on health-related behaviours, incidence of coronary heart disease, and risk factors. The main outcome measure was fatal and non-fatal coronary heart disease during 10 years of follow-up. Findings. Higher birthweight was related to lower risk of coronary heart disease during the follow-up period: coronary heart disease occurred in 46 (11.6%) men in the lowest birthweight tertile, 44 (12.0%) of those in the middle tertile, and 38 (9.1%) of those in the highest tertile (p = 0.03). Stratification of the cohort by body-mass index (BMI) revealed a significant interaction such that the inverse association between birthweight and risk of coronary heart disease was restricted to men in the top tertile of BMI (interaction test p = 0.048 adjusted for age, and p = 0.012 fully adjusted). Within the top BMI tertile, coronary heart disease occurred in 19 (16.4%) of men in the lowest birthweight tertile, 13 (12.6%) of those! in the middle tertile, and 13 (7.5%) of those in the highest tertile (p = 0.0005). These associations were not changed substantially by adjustment for age, father's social class, own social class, marital status, fibrinogen and cholesterol concentrations, systolic blood pressure, and smoking history. Interpretation. The association between birthweight and risk of coronary heart disease cannot be explained by associations with childhood or adulthood socioeconomic status. Nor do conventional risk factors for coronary heart disease in adulthood account for the association. However, there is an important interaction between birthweight and BMI such that the increased risk of coronary heart disease associated with low birthweight is restricted to people who have high BMI in adulthood. Risk of coronary heart disease seems to be defined by the combined effect of early-life and later-life exposures.
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - body mass
KW  - controlled study
KW  - coronary risk
KW  - fetus development
KW  - health behavior
KW  - human
KW  - ischemic heart disease
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk factor
KW  - United Kingdom
PB  - Lancet Publishing Group
N1  - Cited By :355
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: LANCA
C2  - 8942776
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Smith, G.D.; Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Barker, D.J.P., (1994) Mothers, Babies, and Diseases in Later Life, , London: BMJ; 
Rich-Edwards, J., Stampfer, M., Manson, J., Birthweight, breastfeeding and the risk of coronary heart disease in the Nurses' Health study (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 141, pp. S78. , abstr; 
Eriksson, M., Tibblin, G., Cnattingrus, S., Low birthweight and ischaemic heart disease (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 731-732; 
Bartley, M., Power, C., Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Shipley, M., Birthweight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: Evidence from the 1958 British cohort study (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 1475-1478; 
Leon, D.A., Koupilova, I., Lithell, H.O., Failure to realise growth potential in utero and adult obesity in relation to blood pressure in 50 year old Swedish men (1996) BMJ, 312, pp. 401-406; 
Yarnell, J.G.W., Limb, E.S., Layzell, J.M., Baker, I.A., Height: A risk marker for ischaemic heart disease (1992) Eur Heart J, 13, pp. 1602-1605; 
Frankel, S.J., Elwood, P., Sweetnam, P., Yarnell, J., Davey Smith, G., Birthweight, adult risk factors and incident coronary heart disease: The Caerphilly study (1996) Public Health, 110, pp. 139-143; 
Forsdahl, A., Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic heart disease? (1977) Br J Prev Soc Med, 31, pp. 91-95; 
Ravelli, G.-P., Stein, Z.A., Susser, M.W., Obesity in young men after famine exposure in utero and early infancy (1976) N Engl J Med, 295, pp. 349-353; 
Pond, W.G., Mersmann, H.J., Yen, J.T., Severe feed restriction of pregnant swine and rats: Effects on postweaning growth and body composition of progeny (1985) J Nutr, 115, pp. 179-189
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030607605&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2896%2903482-4&partnerID=40&md5=6c8ec3aee16c6a18b30ecd51b76109e1
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Suicide trends in eight predominantly English-speaking countries 1960-1989
T2  - Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
J2  - SOC. PSYCHIATRY PSYCHIATR. EPIDEMIOL.
VL  - 31
IS  - 6
SP  - 364
EP  - 373
PY  - 1996
DO  - 10.1007/BF00783426
SN  - 09337954 (ISSN) 
AU  - Cantor, C.H.
AU  - Leenaars, A.A.
AU  - Lester, D.
AU  - Slater, P.J.
AU  - Wolanowski, A.M.
AU  - O'Toole, B.
AD  - Australian Inst. Suicide Res./Prev., Griffith University, Queensland 4152, Australia
AD  - 880 Ouellette Avenue, Windsor, Ont., N9A 1C7, Canada
AD  - Stockton State College, Pomona, NJ 08240-9988, United States
AD  - Suicide Res. and Prevention Program, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Ipswich Road, Woollongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
AD  - Analysis and Consultancy Unit, Epidemiol./Hlth. Info. Branch, Queensland Health, GPO Box 48, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
AD  - 29, rue de la Procession (e'2 etage), F-75015, Paris, France
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
AD  - Australian Inst. Suicide Res./Prev., Griffith University, P.O. Box 24, Carina, QLD 4152, Australia
AB  - Suicide rates between 1960 and 1989 were explored for eight predominantly English speaking countries with similar national characteristics. New World countries showed significant similarities but differed from Old World countries. The two North American (NA) New World countries showed more similarity to each other than the two Australasian New World countries. The NA countries showed an unique plateau in the 1980s for males aged 15-29 years. Old World males of all ages showed common rises, suggesting a partial sex-specific influence in the young. However, trends among the 15- to 19-year-olds were significantly different to trends among the 20- to 29-year-olds in both sexes suggesting a substantial youth-related contribution to the rises. Rates among 15- to 19-year-old females rose in the early 1960s, ahead of males but in parallel with rises among older females, suggesting part of the rise was sex- as opposed to age-related. Although rates among the 15- to 19-year-old females showed little change since 1970, this may be partly a function of sex-related improvements - observable in older females - disguising unfavourable youth-related influences. Possible aetiological factors are suggested but remain speculative. Studies of other nations with common cultural characteristics may clarify trends and aetiological issues. Care should be taken to differentiate sex- from age-related influences.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - australia
KW  - cultural factor
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - new zealand
KW  - north america
KW  - onset age
KW  - sex difference
KW  - suicide
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Australia
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Suicide
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :41
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SPPEE
C2  - 8952377
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Cantor, C.H.; Australian Inst Suicide Res Prevent, Griffith University, Queensland 4152, Australia
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029853960&doi=10.1007%2fBF00783426&partnerID=40&md5=f02c2a20724a86e76c4354dc4b7defe5
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Influence of fathers' social class on cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men
T2  - Lancet
J2  - LANCET
VL  - 348
IS  - 9037
SP  - 1259
EP  - 1263
PY  - 1996
DO  - 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)02465-8
SN  - 01406736 (ISSN) 
AU  - Wannamethee, S.G.
AU  - Whincup, P.H.
AU  - Shaper, G.
AU  - Walker, M.
AD  - Dept. of Prim. Care and Pop. Sci., Roy. Free Hosp. School of Medicine, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
AB  - Background. The independent effect of early life circumstances on adult cardiovascular risk is still unresolved. We assessed the associations of father's social class with cardiovascular risk factors and with risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in adult life. Methods. We did a longitudinal study of cardiovasular disease in 5934 men aged 40-59 years at enrolment. A cross-sectional measurement survey was done between 1978 and 1980 and a follow-up questionnaire was completed in 1992. The main endpoints were non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke-based on general practitioners' reports obtained between screening and 1992 and on recall of physician-diagnosed ischaemic heart disease in the 1992 questionnaire. Findings. Father's social class was strongly associated with social class in adulthood (fathers' occupation was manual for 41.3% of professionals [I] vs 89.1% for unskilled manual workers [VI) and was significantly related to height (non-manual vs manual 175.4 cm [SE 0.2] vs 172.9 cm [0.1], p < 0.0001) and obesity (213 [14.1%] vs 804 [20.1%], p < 0.0001) irrespective of adult social class; no association was found with blood glucose (log, 1.69 [0.005] vs 1.70 [0.003], p = 0.22) or cholesterol (6.34 [0.03] vs 6.29 mmol/L [0.02], p = 0.16. Men whose fathers' social class was manual had significantly higher rates of non-fatal infarction (342/4006 vs 92/1510) and self-reported other established risk factors (relative odds 1.3 [95% Cl 1.0-1.7], p < 0.05 and 1.3 [1.1-1.6], p < 0.01, respectively). The influence of father's social class on non-fatal myocardial infarction and ischaemic heart disease was only seen in men whose adult social class was non-manual. No association was seen between father's social class and non-fatal stroke. Interpretation. Father's social class is strongly associated with adult social class. The higher risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction and self-reported physician-diagnosed ischaemic heart disease seen in men whose father's social class was manual suggests that socioeconomic status early in life has some persisting influence on ischaemic heart disease risk in adult life.
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - controlled study
KW  - heart infarction
KW  - height
KW  - human
KW  - ischemic heart disease
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - obesity
KW  - occupation
KW  - priority journal
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - risk factor
KW  - social class
KW  - stroke
PB  - Lancet Publishing Group
N1  - Cited By :186
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: LANCA
C2  - 8909377
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Wannamethee, S.G.; Primary Care and Population Sciences, Royal Free Hospital School Medicine, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Strong, J.P., McGill, H.C., The pediatric aspects of atherosclerosis (1969) J Atherosclerosis Res, 9, pp. 251-259; 
Forsdahl, A., Are poor living conditions in childhood and adolescence an important risk factor for arteriosclerotic heart disease? (1977) Br J Prev Soc Med, 31, pp. 91-95; 
Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Infant mortality, childhood nutrition, and ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales (1986) Lancet, 1, pp. 1077-1081; 
Forsdahl, A., Living conditions in childhood and subsequent development of risk factors for arteriosclerotic heart disease (1978) J Epidemiol Community Health, 32, pp. 34-37; 
Barker, D.J.P., Winter, P.D., Osmond, C., Margetts, B., Simmonds, S.J., Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 577-580; 
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Gliksman, M.D., Kawachi, I., Hunter, D., Childhood socioeconomic status and risk of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged US women: A prospective study (1995) J Epidemiol Community Health, 49, pp. 10-15; 
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Shaper, A.G., Pocock, S.J., Walker, M., Cohen, N.M., Wale, C.J., Thomson, A.G., British Regional Heart Study: Cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men in 24 towns (1981) BMJ, 282, pp. 179-186; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030577223&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2896%2902465-8&partnerID=40&md5=1e9549b30a1b15e6162277744bab0a3d
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The effect of neonatal universal hearing screening in a health surveillance perspective a controlled study of two health authority districts
T2  - Audiology
J2  - AUDIOLOGY
VL  - 35
IS  - 3
SP  - 158
EP  - 168
PY  - 1996
SN  - 00206091 (ISSN) 
AU  - Parving, A.
AU  - Salomon, G.
AD  - Department of Audiology, Copenhagen Hospital Corporation, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
AD  - Audiological Clinic, University County Hospital, Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
AD  - Department of Audiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, DK 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
AB  - This contribution describes the effect of a neonatal hearing screening program in terms of estimated prevalence rate of congenital hearing impairment and age at identification in two five-year cohorts born between 1990 and 1994 as a function of health authority districts (HADs). In addition, identically defined five-year birth cohorts from 1970 to 1974 and 1980 to 1984 living in the same HADs evaluated previously are used in the analysis, offering longitudinal data. In 1990 a non-targetted neonatal hearing screening program based on EOAE was introduced in the County-HAD, whereas the City-HAD continued its child hearing health surveillance program unchanged. Assuming an unchanged prevalence estimate of 1.5 per 1000 of congenital or early acquired (i.e, neonatal period) hearing disability, i.e. ≤ 25 dB HL for the better ear at 0.5-4 kHz in both HADs, an underestimate of 68 per cent in the City and of 20 per cent in the County, respectively, was found at the time of data collection (January 1995). Significant longitudinal improvements in the early identification from the 1970-1974 cohort compared to the 1980-1984 cohort has been demonstrated, but the improvement in the proportion of children identified as a function of both 6 and 12 months of age in the 1990-1994 cohort is significantly greater; showing a median age at identification of 11 months in the County-HAD. The cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons between the HADs imply that a neonatal universal hearing screening program with a 20 per cent coverage may add significantly to the early identification of children with early-onset hearing impairment.
KW  - Child health surveillance
KW  - Congenital hearing
KW  - EOAE
KW  - Impairment
KW  - Neonatal screening
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - child health
KW  - evoked otoacoustic emission
KW  - female
KW  - hearing impairment
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - infant
KW  - male
KW  - newborn
KW  - newborn screening
KW  - normal human
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Health Surveys
KW  - Hearing
KW  - Hearing Disorders
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Neonatal Screening
KW  - Retrospective Studies
N1  - Cited By :16
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AUDLA
C2  - 8864257
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Parving, A.; Department of Audiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, DK 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Large-scale longitudinal studies: Their utility for geographic enquiry
T2  - Area
J2  - Area
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
SP  - 358
EP  - 372
PY  - 1996
SN  - 00040894 (ISSN) 
AU  - Ekinsmyth, C.
AD  - Department of Geography, University of Portsmouth, Buckingham Building, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth PO1 3HE, United Kingdom
AB  - There are several large-scale longitudinal studies in Britain today that, although representing a rich resource for geographic enquiry, geographers have been slow to make use of. This paper introduces and discusses a number of the studies that are ongoing, available and valuable for geographic enquiry.
KW  - geographical enquiry
KW  - large scale study
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - methodological approach
KW  - UK
N1  - Cited By :5
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Ekinsmyth, C.; Department of Geography, University of Portsmouth, Buckingham Building, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth PO1 3HE, United Kingdom
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Dale, A., Creeser, R., Dodgeon, B., Gleave, S., Filakti, H., An introduction to the OPCS Longitudinal Study (1993) Environment and Planning A, 25, pp. 1387-1398; 
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Ecob, R., (1987) West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: The Sampling Scheme, Frame and Procedures for the Cohort Studies, , MRC Medical Sociology Unit Working Paper No 6 (Glasgow); 
Ekinsmyth, C., The British longitudinal birth cohort studies: Their utility for the study of health and palce (1996) Health and Place, 2 (1), pp. 15-26. , January 1996; 
Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J., Montgomery, S., Shepherd, P., An Integrated Approach to the Design and analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS) (1992) SSRU Inter-Cohort Analysis Working Paper Series, Paper No 1, , City University, London; 
Fielding, A., Inter-regional migration and social change: A study of South-East England based upon data from the OPCS Longitudinal Study (1989) Transactions of the Institutes of British Geographers, 14 (1), pp. 24-36; 
Fielding, A., Migration and social mobility: Southeast England as an escalator region (1992) Regional Studies, 26, pp. 11-15; 
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Macintyre, S., Annandale, E., Ecob, R., Ford, G., Hunt, B., Jamieson, B., MacIver, S., Wyke, S., The West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: Health in the community (1989) Readings for a New Public Health, pp. 56-74. , Martin C and MacQueen D (eds) Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh; 
Macintyre, S., MacIver, S., Soomans, A., Area, class and health: Should we be focusing on places or people? (1993) Journal of Social Policy, 22 (2), pp. 213-234; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Impact of non-invasive imaging techniques on the trend of pancreatic cancer mortality in Austria
T2  - Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift
J2  - WIEN. MED. WOCHENSCHR.
VL  - 146
IS  - 12
SP  - 258
EP  - 260
PY  - 1996
SN  - 00435341 (ISSN) 
AU  - Vutuc, Chr.
AU  - Waldhoer, Th.
AU  - Haidinger, G.
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Inst. of Tum. Biol. - Cancer Res., University of Vienna, Austria
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Inst. of Tum. Biol. - Cancer Res., University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8 a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
AB  - Background: The introduction of non-invasive imaging techniques on a large scale may falsely suggest an increase in incidence of pancreatic cancer. In the present study it was investigated whether the new diagnostic techniques have improved the documentation of deaths due to pancreatic cancer and thus have an influence on the trend of mortality. Materials and methods: Age-standardized mortality rates for men and women were calculated covering the period 1970 to 1993. Using Spearman's correlation coefficient, the trends during 1970 to 1993 as well as during 1970 to 1978 and 1981 to 1993 were analyzed for statistical significance. Furthermore, the development of mortality during 1973 to 1993 was analyzed in 5-year intervals for various birth cohorts and age groups. Results: Age-standardized mortality rates have increased significantly since 1970 i.e. by 17% in men (p = 0.0021) and by 20% in women (p = 0.001). The observed trend is not linear but characterized by a step-like rise in 1979/1980, coinciding with the introduction of non-invasive imaging techniques on a large scale. Conclusions: The risk to develop cancer of the pancreas has not significantly changed since 1970. Rather, the documentation of pancreatic cancer on death certificates has improved as a result of the higher diagnostic accuracy, which explains the observed step-like rise in death rates.
KW  - mortality
KW  - non-invasive imaging techniques
KW  - pancreatic cancer
KW  - trend
KW  - article
KW  - austria
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - death certificate
KW  - diagnostic accuracy
KW  - diagnostic imaging
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - pancreas cancer
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Austria
KW  - Bias (Epidemiology)
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Death Certificates
KW  - Diagnostic Imaging
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Pancreatic Neoplasms
KW  - Registries
N1  - Cited By :5
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: WMWOA
C2  - 8806189
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Vutuc, C.; Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Tumor Biology, University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8 a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
N1  - References: (1995) Cancer Facts and Figures - 1995, p. 17. , Atlanta. American Cancer Society; 
Berrino, F., Sant, M., Verdecchias, A., Capocaccia, R., Hakulinen, T., Esteve, J., (1995) Survival of Cancer in Europa, 132, pp. 206-218. , The EUROCARE Study. Lyon. IARC Scientific Publications; 
Coleman, M.P., Esteve, J., Damieckie, P., Arslan, A., Renard, H., (1993) Trends in Cancer Incidence and Mortality, 121, pp. 257-288. , Lyon, IARC Scientific Publications; 
Friedl, H.P., (1994) Cancer Incidence 1993, , Advisory Technical Council for Health Statistics. Vienna, OESTAT; 
Holzner, J., The role of autopsy in the control of mortality in Austria (1991) Autopsy in Epidemiology and Medical Research, 112, pp. 25-35. , Riboli E, Delendi M (eds): Lyon, IARC Scientific Publications; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sports participation and emotional wellbeing in adolescents
T2  - Lancet
J2  - LANCET
VL  - 347
IS  - 9018
SP  - 1789
EP  - 1792
PY  - 1996
DO  - 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)91616-5
SN  - 01406736 (ISSN) 
AU  - Steptoe, A.
AU  - Butler, N.
AD  - Department of Psychology, St George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
AD  - Intl. Centre for Child Studies, Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London, United Kingdom
AB  - Background. Regular physical activity may have psychological benefits. Our study assessed the association between extent of participation in regular sport or vigorous recreational activity and emotional wellbeing in adolescents aged 16 years. Methods. Data were collected from a cohort of adolescents, born between April 5 and April 11, 1970, in England, Scotland, and Wales, who took part in the follow-up assessment at age 16 years. Emotional wellbeing was assessed by the general health questionnaire (GHQ) and the malaise inventory (divided into psychological and somatic subscales). Information was obtained about participation in ten team and 25 individual sports and vigorous recreational activities during the previous year. Non-vigorous recreations, such as darts and snooker, were assessed separately. Social class and health status (recent illness and use of hospital services) were included in our analyses as possible confounding factors. 2223 boys and 2838 girls with a mean age of 16.3 years (SD 0.38) were included in our analysis. Statistical analysis was by multiple linear and logistic regression. Findings. The sport and vigorous recreational activity index was positively associated with emotional wellbeing independently of sex, social class, health status, and use of hospital services. These associations were significant for the psychological symptom subscale of the malaise inventory (regression coefficient -0.024, 95% CI -0.036 to -0.011, p < 0.001) and the GHQ (odds ratio of emotional unit increase in vigorous physical activity CI 0.985-0.998, p < 0.01). By contrast, participation in non-vigorous activities was associated with high psychological and somatic symptoms on the malaise inventory. Interpretation. We conclude that emotional wellbeing is positively associated with extent of participation in sport and vigorous recreational activity among adolescents. Although causal associations cannot be assumed in this cross-sectional analysis, our results are consistent with experimental evidence that vigorous exercise has favourable effects on emotional state.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - emotion
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - health status
KW  - human
KW  - information processing
KW  - malaise
KW  - male
KW  - multiple regression
KW  - normal human
KW  - physical activity
KW  - priority journal
KW  - psychologic assessment
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - risk
KW  - social class
KW  - sport
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - wellbeing
PB  - Lancet Publishing Group
N1  - Cited By :208
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: LANCA
C2  - 8667922
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Steptoe, A.; Department of Psychology, St George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Steptoe, A., Physical activity and psychological well-being (1992) Physical Activity and Mental Health, pp. 207-229. , Norgan NG, ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 
Farmer, M.E., Locke, B.Z., Moscicki, E.K., Dannenberg, A.L., Larson, D.B., Radloff, L.S., Physical activity and depressive symptoms: The NHANES 1 epidemiologic follow-up study (1988) Am J Epidemiol, 128, pp. 1340-1351; 
Camacho, T.C., Roberts, R.E., Lazurus, N.B., Kaplan, G.A., Cohen, R.D., Physical activity and depression: Evidence from the Alameda County Study (1991) Am J Epidemiol, 134, pp. 220-231; 
Stephens, T., Physical activity and mental health in the United States and Canada: Evidence from four population surveys (1988) Prev Med, 17, pp. 35-47; 
Calfas, K.J., Taylor, W.C., Effect of physical activity on psychological variables in adolescents (1994) Pediatr Exercise Sci, 6, pp. 406-423; 
Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Hewlett, B.C., (1985) From Birth to Five: A Study of the Health and Behaviour of a National Cohort, , Oxford: Pergamon Press; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Determinants of mortality from cystic fibrosis in Canada, 1970-1989
T2  - American Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - AM. J. EPIDEMIOL.
VL  - 143
IS  - 10
SP  - 1007
EP  - 1017
PY  - 1996
DO  - 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008664
SN  - 00029262 (ISSN) 
AU  - Corey, M.
AU  - Farewell, V.
AD  - Dept. of Prev. Med. and Biostatist., Univ. of Toronto and the Res. Inst., Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., Canada
AD  - Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ont. M5G 1X8, Canada
AB  - The frequency, prevalence, and morality patterns of cystic fibrosis were analyzed in 3,795 patients documented in the Canadian Patient Data Registry in 1970-1989. Cystic fibrosis frequency in the 1970-1979 birth cohort was virtually identical to the commonly quoted 1 in 2,500. In 1985-1989, median survival age was 36.7 years for males and 27.8 years for females, compared with 26.6 and 19.7, respectively, in 1970-1974. However, there were significant regional differences when Canada was divided into the four regions, East, Quebec, Ontario, and West. In Quebec, patients were younger at diagnosis and until recently had greater mortality than patients in other regions, which suggests more severe disease; dramatically improved survival in the 1980s coincided with a change from a restricted fat diet to a high fat diet. Improved survival in Ontario in the 1970s accompanied this change in dietary therapy, which may also account for good survival throughout the study period in the East. The West showed gradually improving survival, similar to that reported in other parts of the world. Proportional hazards analysis showed pulmonary function to be the best predictor of survival. Poorer survival in females was associated with poorer weight, but the interrelation of declining pulmonary function, weight maintenance, sex, and mortality requires further study. The effect of pulmonary colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was confounded with degree of pulmonary dysfunction, but colonization with Burkholderia cepacia (previously Pseudomonas cepacia) was associated with increased mortality at all levels of pulmonary function.
KW  - cystic fibrosis
KW  - proportional hazards models
KW  - survival analysis
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - Burkholderia cepacia
KW  - Canada
KW  - child
KW  - controlled study
KW  - cystic fibrosis
KW  - fat intake
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - lung infection
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - preschool child
KW  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - risk factor
KW  - school child
KW  - sex difference
KW  - survival
PB  - Oxford University Press
N1  - Cited By :278
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJEPA
C2  - 8629607
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Corey, M.; Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital For Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ont. M5G 1X8, Canada
N1  - References: Tizzano, E.F., Buchwald, M., Cystic fibrosis: Beyond the gene to therapy (1992) J Pediatr, 120, pp. 337-349; 
Gurwitz, D., Corey, M., Francis, P.W., Perspectives in cystic fibrosis (1979) Pediatr Clin N Am, 26, pp. 603-615; 
Kerem, B., Rommens, J.M., Buchanan, J.A., Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: Genetic analysis (1989) Science, 245, pp. 1073-1080; 
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Warwick, W.J., Pogue, R.E., Gerber, H.U., Survival patterns in cystic fibrosis (1975) J Chronic Dis, 28, pp. 609-622; 
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Corey, M., Levison, H., Crozier, D., Five to seven year course of pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis (1976) Am Rev Respir Dis, 114, pp. 1085-1092; 
Tanner, J.M., Whitehouse, R.H., Takaishi, M., Standards from birth to maturity for height, weight, height velocity and weight velocity (1966) Arch Dis Child, 41, pp. 613-635; 
Marks, M.I., The pathogenesis and treatment of pulmonary infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (1981) J Pediatr, 98, pp. 173-179; 
Isles, A., Maclusky, I., Corey, M., Pseudomonas cepacia infection in cystic fibrosis: An emerging problem (1984) J Pediatr, 104, pp. 206-210; 
(1988) SAS/STAT User's Guide, Release 6.03 Ed., , Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc; 
(1990) EGRET-Epidemiological Graphics Estimation and Testing Package, , Seattle, WA: Statistics and Epidemiology Research Corp; 
Peron, Y., Strohmenger, C., (1985) Demographic and Health Indicators: Presentation and Interpretation, , Ottawa: Statistics Canada, Statistics Canada catalogue no. 82-543E; 
White, P.M., (1986) Ethnic Diversity in Canada. 1986 Census of Canada, , Ottawa: Statistics Canada, Statistics Canada catalogue no. 98-132; 
Gaskin, K., Gurwitz, D., Durie, P., Improved respiratory prognosis in patients with cystic fibrosis with normal fat absorption (1982) J Pediatr, 100, pp. 857-862; 
Kerem, E., Reisman, J., Corey, M., Prediction of mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (1992) N Engl J Med, 326, pp. 1187-1191; 
Rozen, R., De Braekeleer, M., Daigneault, J., Cystic fibrosis mutations in French Canadians: Three CFTR mutations are relatively frequent in a Quebec population with an elevated incidence of cystic fibrosis (1992) Am J Med Genet, 42, pp. 360-364; 
Kristidis, P., Bozon, D., Corey, M., Genetic determination of exocrine pancreatic function in cystic fibrosis (1992) Am J Hum Genet, 50, pp. 1178-1184; 
Crozier, D.N., Cystic fibrosis: A not-so-fatal disease (1974) Pediatr Clin North Am, 21, pp. 935-950; 
Ramsey, B.W., Farrell, P.M., Pencharz, P., Nutritional support and management in cystic fibrosis: A consensus report (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 55, pp. 108-116; 
Pencharz, P.B., Energy intakes and low-fat diets in children with cystic fibrosis (1983) J Pediatr Gastroenterol, 2, pp. 400-402; 
Fitzsimmons, S.C., The changing epidemiology of cystic fibrosis (1993) J Pediatr, 122, pp. 1-9; 
Kerem, E., Corey, M., Durie, P., Clinical and genetic comparisons of patients with cystic fibrosis, with or without meconium ileus (1989) J Pediatr, 114, pp. 767-773; 
Dodge, J.A., Morison, S., Lewis, P.A., Cystic fibrosis in the United Kingdom, 1968-88: Incidence, population and survival (1993) Paediatr Perinatal Epidemiol, 7, pp. 157-166; 
Hudson, I., Phelan, P.D., Are age, sex, age at diagnosis, or mode of presentation prognostic factors for cystic fibrosis? (1987) Pediatr Pulmonol, 3, pp. 288-297; 
Huang, N.N., Schidlow, D.V., Szatrowski, T.H., Clinical features, survival rate, and prognostic factors in young adults with cystic fibrosis (1987) Am J Med, 82, pp. 871-879; 
Corey, M., McLaughlin, F.J., Williams, M., A comparison of survival, growth, and pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis in Boston and Toronto (1988) J Clin Epidemiol, 41, pp. 583-591; 
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Kerem, E., Corey, M., Gold, R., Pulmonary function and clinical course in patients with cystic fibrosis after pulmonary colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1990) J Pediatr, 116, pp. 714-719; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Smoking and menstrual problems in 16-year-olds
T2  - Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
J2  - J. R. SOC. MED.
VL  - 89
IS  - 4
SP  - 193
EP  - 195
PY  - 1996
SN  - 01410768 (ISSN) 
AU  - Charlton, A.
AU  - While, D.
AD  - Cancer Res. Campaign Educ. Child S., Sch. of Epidemiol. and Hlth. Sci., University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
AD  - Cancer Res. Campaign Educ. Child S., Dept. of Epidemiol. and Hlth. Sci., University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
AB  - The British Birth Cohort Study (BCS70) is a cohort study which follows all the people born in England, Scotland and Wales in the week of 5-11 April 1970. The data described here were from the postal questionnaires returned by 2181 young women aged between 16 and 16 1/2 in 1986. Thirty-nine per cent of the respondents had never smoked, 39% had smoked at some time and 22% were regular smokers. Most of the respondents indicated that they had one or more of the following symptoms associated with menstruation: pain, depression, irritability, headaches, cramps. Analysis of the data showed that regular smokers were significantly more likely than those who had never smoked to have all these symptoms. Whilst the percentage of 'sometime smokers' experiencing pain, depression and headaches fell between smokers and 'never-smokers', the percentage experiencing unpleasant symptoms in general, irritability and cramps was the same as for regular smokers. If causality could be demonstrated, messages about immediate health problems such as these might be more powerful health education to young women than information about long-term risks.
KW  - Adolescents
KW  - Menstruation
KW  - Smoking
KW  - adolescent
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - depression
KW  - female
KW  - headache
KW  - health education
KW  - human
KW  - irritability
KW  - menstruation
KW  - menstruation disorder
KW  - muscle cramp
KW  - normal human
KW  - pain
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - smoking
KW  - symptom
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Menstruation Disturbances
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smoking
N1  - Cited By :11
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JRSMD
C2  - 8676315
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Charlton, A.; Cancer Research Campaign Education, School Epidemiology Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Charlton, A., Blair, V., Absence from school related to children's and parental smoking habits (1989) BMJ, 298, pp. 90-92; 
Smith, D.J., Absenteeism and 'presenteeism' in industry (1972) Arch Environm Hlth, 21, pp. 670-677; 
Fogelman, K., School attendance, attainment and behaviour (1978) Br J Psychol, 48, pp. 148-158; 
(1991) General Household Survey: Cigarette Smoking 1972 to 1990. OPCS Monitor SS 91/3, , London: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys; 
Townsend, P., Davidson, N., (1982) Inequalities in Health, , Harmondsworth: Penguin Books; 
Butler, N.R., Golding, J., (1986) From Birth to Five, , Oxford: Pergamon Press; 
Brinton, L.A., Epidemiology of cervical cancer: An overview (1992) IARC Scient Publ, 119, pp. 3-23
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029939025&partnerID=40&md5=1c15b6bf50e3258dfd1b8763ec268670
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Carboxyhemoglobin levels in methylene chloride-exposed employees
T2  - Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
J2  - J. OCCUP. ENVIRON. MED.
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
SP  - 367
EP  - 371
PY  - 1996
DO  - 10.1097/00043764-199604000-00014
SN  - 10762752 (ISSN) 
AU  - Soden, K.J.
AU  - Marras, G.
AU  - Amsel, J.
AD  - Fibers and Film Group, Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Charlotte, NC, United States
AD  - Hoechst Celanese N.V., Lanaken, Belgium
AD  - Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Somerville, NJ, United States
AD  - Fibers and Film Group, Hoechst Celanese Corporation, 5200 77 Center Drive, Charlotte, NC 28201-1026, United States
AB  - The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has proposed a reduction in the permissible exposure limit for methylene chloride from 500 parts per million (ppm) to 25 ppm (8-hour time-weighted average [TWA]). Part of the rationale for lowering the standard is a concern over potentially adverse cardiac effects secondary to elevated carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels as a by-product of methylene chloride metabolism. Employees exposed to methylene chloride as part of a triacetate fiber production process had average values of COHb ranging between 1.77% and 4.00% in the nonsmoking group and between 4.95% and 6.35% in a smoking group, with individually measured methylene chloride exposures averaging up to 99 ppm (8-hour TWA). A dose-response effect was seen only in the nonsmoking group. Additional daily cumulative exposure to methylene chloride did not produce increased levels of COHb. Data from this study support the fact that the COHb levels resulting from exposure to methylene chloride at or below the current American College of Government Industrial Hygienists limit of 50 ppm (8-hour TWA) are of a sufficiently low level that they are unlikely to produce adverse cardiac effects in humans.
KW  - carboxyhemoglobin
KW  - dichloromethane
KW  - industrial chemical
KW  - solvent
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - dose response
KW  - employee
KW  - human
KW  - industrial hygiene
KW  - industrial worker
KW  - ischemic heart disease
KW  - maximum permissible dose
KW  - occupational exposure
KW  - review
KW  - Belgium
KW  - Biological Markers
KW  - Carboxyhemoglobin
KW  - Chemical Industry
KW  - Heart Diseases
KW  - Humans
KW  - Maximum Allowable Concentration
KW  - Methylene Chloride
KW  - Occupational Exposure
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Ligusticum porteri
N1  - Cited By :17
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JOEMF
C2  - 8925320
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Soden, K.J.; Fibers and Film Group, Hoechst Celanese Corporation, 5200 77 Center Drive, Charlotte, NC 28201-1026, United States
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Biological Markers; Carboxyhemoglobin, 9061-29-4; Methylene Chloride, 75-09-2
N1  - References: Gibbs, G.W., (1992) The Mortality of Workers Employed at a Cellulose Acetate and Triacetate Fibres Plan in Cumberland, MD: A 1970 Cohort Followed, , 1970-1989 Final Report to Hoechst Celanese Corp. Alberta, Canada: Hoechst Celanese; May; 
Lanes, S.F., Cohen, A., Rothman, K.J., Dreyer, N.A., Soden, K.J., Mortality of cellulose fiber production workers (1990) Scand J Work Environ Health, 16, pp. 247-251; 
Lanes, S.E., Rothman, K.J., Dreyer, N.A., Soden, K.J., Mortality update of cellulose fiber production workers (1993) Scand J Work Environ Health, 19, pp. 426-428; 
Divincenzo, G.D., Kaplan, C.J., Uptake, metabolism, and elimination of methylene chloride vapor by humans (1981) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol., 59, p. 130; 
Ott, M.G., Skory, L.K., Holder, B.B., Health evaluation of employees occupationally exposed to methylene chloride (1983) Scand J Work Environ Health, 9 (1 SUPPL.), pp. 1-16; 
Stewart, R.D., Forster, H.V., Hake, C.L., (1973) Human Responses to Controlled Exposures of Methylene Chloride Vapor, , [Report No. NIOSH-NCOW-ENVM-MC-73-7.] Milwaukee: The Medical College of Wisconsin; 
Astrand, I., Ovrum, P., Carlson, A., Exposure to methylene chloride. I. Its concentration in alveoli air and blood during rest and exercise and its metabolism (1975) Scand J Work Environ Health, 1, pp. 78-94; 
Proposed Standard on Methylene Chloride (56FR 57082-83); 
Andersen, M.E., Clewell, H.J., Gargas, M.L., Physiologically based pharmokinetic modeling with dichloromethane, its metabolites, carbon monoxide and blood carboxyhemoglobin in rats and humans (1991) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol., 108, pp. 14-27; 
Kristensen, T.S., Cardiovascular diseases and the work environment: A critical review of the epidemiological literature on chemical factors (1982) Scand J Work Environ Health, 16, pp. 247-251; 
Hearne, F.T., Pifer, J.W., Grose, F., Absence of adverse mortality effects in workers exposed to methylene chloride: An update (1990) J Occup Med., 32, pp. 234-240; 
Soden, K.J., An evaluation of chronic methylene chloride exposure (1993) J Occup Med., 35, pp. 282-286
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029994943&doi=10.1097%2f00043764-199604000-00014&partnerID=40&md5=3b27e680581eb8f3a4861ae633b77109
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Evidence of deteriorating semen quality in the United Kingdom: Birth cohort study in 577 men in Scotland over 11 years
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - BR. MED. J.
VL  - 312
IS  - 7029
SP  - 467
EP  - 471
PY  - 1996
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Irvine, S.
AU  - Cawood, E.
AU  - Richardson, D.
AU  - MacDonald, E.
AU  - Aitken, J.
AD  - Medical Research Council, Reproductive Biology Unit, Centre for Reproductive Biology, Edinburgh EH3 9EW, United Kingdom
AD  - Reproductive Medicine Laboratories, University of Edinburgh, Centre for Reproductive Biology, Edinburgh EH3 9EW, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective - To determine whether the quality of semen has changed in a group of over 500 Scottish men born between 1951 and 1973. Design - Retrospective review of data on semen quality collected in a single laboratory over 11 years and according to World Health Organisation guidelines. Setting - Programme of gamete biology research funded by Medical Research Council. Subjects - 577 volunteer semen donors. Of these, 171 were born before 1959, 120 were born in 1960-4, 171 in 1965-9, and 115 in 1970-4. Main outcome measures - Conventional criteria of semen quality including semen volume (ml), sperm concentration (106/ml), overall motility (% motile), total number of sperm in the ejaculate (106), and total number of motile sperm in the ejaculate (106). Results - When the four birth cohort groups were compared a later year of birth was associated with a lower sperm concentration, a lower total number of sperm in the ejaculate, and a lower number of motile sperm in the ejaculate. The median sperm concentration fell from 98 x 106/ml among donors born before 1959 to 78 x 106/ml among donors born after 1970 (P = 0.002). The total number of sperm in the ejaculate fell from 301 x 106 to 214 x 106 (P = 0.0005), and the total number of motile sperm in the ejaculate fell from 169.7 x 106 to 129.0 x 106 (P = 0.0065). Conclusion - This study provides direct evidence that semen quality is deteriorating, with a later year of birth being significantly associated with a reduced number of sperm in adult life.
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - controlled study
KW  - donor
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - male
KW  - male fertility
KW  - normal human
KW  - priority journal
KW  - retrospective study
KW  - sperm
KW  - spermatozoon count
KW  - spermatozoon density
KW  - spermatozoon motility
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Oligospermia
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Semen
KW  - Sperm Count
KW  - Sperm Motility
N1  - Cited By :364
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 8597676
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Irvine, S.; Medical Research Council, Reproductive Biology Unit, Centre for Reproductive Biology, Edinburgh EH3 9EW, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Carlsen, E., Giwercman, A., Keiding, N., Skakkebæk, N.E., Evidence for decreasing quality of semen during past 50 years (1992) BMJ, 305, pp. 609-613; 
Nelson, C.M.K., Bunge, R.G., Semen analysis: Evidence for changing parameters of male fertility potential (1974) Fertil Steril, 25, pp. 503-507; 
James, W.H., Secular trend in reported sperm counts (1980) Andrologia, 12, pp. 381-388; 
Leto, S., Frensilli, F.J., Changing parameters of donor semen (1981) Fertil Steril, 36, pp. 766-770; 
Bostofte, E., Serup, J., Rebbe, H., Has the fertility of Danish men declined through the years in terms of semen quality? A comparison of semen qualities between 1952 and 1972 (1983) International Journal of Fertility, 28, pp. 91-95; 
Menkveld, R., Van Zyl, J.A., Kotze, T.J.W., Joubert, G., Possible changes in male fertility over a 15-year period (1986) Arch Androl, 17, pp. 143-144; 
Osser, S., Liedholm, P., Ranstam, J., Depressed semen quality: A study over two decades (1984) Arch Androl, 12, pp. 113-116; 
Jackson, M.B., The epidemiology of cryptorchidism (1988) Horm Res, 30, pp. 153-156; 
Giwercman, A., Skatekebæk, N., The human testis - An organ at risk? (1992) Int J Androl, 15, pp. 373-375; 
An increasing incidence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias (1985) Lancet, 1, p. 1311; 
Boyle, P., Kaye, S.N., Robertson, A.G., Changes in testicular cancer in Scotland (1987) European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology, 23, pp. 827-830; 
Østerlind, A., Diverging trends in incidence and mortality of testicular cancer in Denmark (1986) Br J Cancer, 53, pp. 501-505; 
Sharpe, R.M., Skakkebæk, N.E., Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract? (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 1392-1395; 
Auger, J., Kunstmann, J.M., Czyglik, F., Jouannet, P., Decline in semen quality among fertile men in Paris during the past 20 years (1995) N Engl J Med, 332, pp. 281-285; 
Bromwich, P., Cohen, J., Stewart, I., Walker, A., Decline in sperm counts: An artefact of changed reference range of "normal"? (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 19-22; 
Sherins, R.J., Are semen quality and male fertility changing ? (1995) N Engl J Med, 332, pp. 327-328; 
(1990) Male Reproductive Health and Environmental Chemicals with Oestrogenic Effect, , Copenhagen: Ministry of Environment and Energy; 
(1995) IEH Assessment on Environmental Oestrogenic Consequences to Human Health and Wildlife, , Leicester: MRC Institute for Environment and Health; 
Barratt, C.L.R., Matson, P.L., Holt, W.V., British Andrology Society guidelines for the screening of semen donors for donor insemination (1993) Hum Reprod, 8, pp. 1521-1523; 
Irvine, D.S., Cawood, E.H.H., Richardson, D.W., MacDonald, E., Aitken, R.J., A survey of semen donation; phase II - The view of the donors (1995) Hum Reprod, 10, pp. 2752-2753; 
Aitken, R.J., Best, F.S.M., Richardson, D.W., Djahanbakch, O., Lees, M.M., The correlates of fertilizing ability in normal fertile men (1982) Fertil Steril, 38, pp. 68-76; 
(1980) Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semen and Semen-cervical Mucus Interaction, , Singapore: Press Concern; 
(1987) WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semen and Semen-cervical Mucus Interaction, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 
(1992) WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semen and Sperm-cervical Mucus Interaction, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 
Johnson, L., Spermatogenesis and ageing in the human (1986) J Androl, 7, pp. 331-354; 
Mortimer, D., Templeton, A.A., Lenton, E.A., Coleman, R.A., Influence of abstinence and ejaculation-to-analysis delay on semen analysis parameters of suspected infertile men (1982) Arch Androl, 8, pp. 251-256; 
MacLeod, J., Gold, R.Z., The male actor in fertility and infertility. II. Spermatozoon counts in 1000 men of known fertility and in 1000 cases of infertile marriage (1951) J Urol, 66, pp. 436-449; 
MacLeod, J., Wang, Y., Male fertility potential in terms of semen quality: A review of the past, a study of the present (1979) Fertil Steril, 31, pp. 103-116; 
Irvine, D.S., Aitken, R.J., Seminal fluid analysis and sperm function testing (1994) Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 23, pp. 725-748; 
Aitken, R.J., Irvine, D.S., Wu, F.C., Prospective analysis of sperm-oocyte fusion and reactive oxygen species generation as criteria for the diagnosis of infertility (1991) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 164, pp. 542-551; 
Templeton, A., Fraser, C., Thompson, B., The epidemiology of infertility in Aberdeen (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 148-152; 
Sharpe, R.M., Fisher, J.S., Millar, M.M., Joblling, S., Sumpter, J.F., Gestational exposure of rats to xenoestrogens results in reduced testicular size and sperm production (1995) Environ Health Perspect, 103, pp. 2-9
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sex and time trends in cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality: The Framingham Heart Study, 1950-1989
T2  - American Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - AM. J. EPIDEMIOL.
VL  - 143
IS  - 4
SP  - 338
EP  - 350
PY  - 1996
DO  - 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008748
SN  - 00029262 (ISSN) 
AU  - Sytkowski, P.A.
AU  - D'Agostino, R.B.
AU  - Belanger, A.
AU  - Kannel, W.B.
AD  - Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States
AD  - Statistics and Consulting Unit, Department of Mathematics, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
AD  - Epidemiol. and Prev. Med. Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
AD  - Framingham Heart Study, Statistics and Consulting Unit, Boston University, 111 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States
AB  - Variations in cardiovascular disease mortality between sexes, over time, and across regions point to population differences in the biologic, behavioral, and environmental factors influencing cardiovascular health. The authors examined 20-year trends in risk factors, incidence, and mortality among women and men in Framingham, Massachusetts, who were members of the Framingham Heart Study and aged 50-59 years in 1950, 1960, and 1970. The incidence declined 21% between the female cohorts (p < 0.01 for trend) with the greatest decline occurring between the 1950 and 1960 cohorts. The 20- year incidence declined only 6% between the male cohorts despite an 18% decline (p < 0.05 for trend) during the first 10 years of follow-up. Cardiovascular disease mortality declined 59% between the female cohorts and 53% between the male cohorts (both p < 0.001 for trend). The largest mortality declines occurred between the 1950 and 1960 female cohorts during the second 10 years of follow-up and between the 1960 and 1970 male cohorts during both follow-up periods. Obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and high blood pressure were significantly lower at baseline and 10 years later in the 1970 female cohort compared with the 1950 cohort (all p < 0.001). Smoking and high blood pressure were significantly lower at baseline and 10 years later in the 1970 male cohort compared with the 1950 cohort (both p < 0.001). More than half of the 51% decline in coronary heart disease mortality observed in women between 1950 and 1989 and one third to one half of the 44% decline observed in men could be attributed to improvements in risk factors in the 1970 cohorts.
KW  - cardiovascular diseases
KW  - incidence
KW  - mortality
KW  - risk factors
KW  - sex
KW  - article
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - female
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - population risk
KW  - risk factor
KW  - sex difference
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - disease incidence
KW  - mortality trend
KW  - sex difference
KW  - temporal variation
KW  - USA, Massachusetts, Framingham
PB  - Oxford University Press
N1  - Cited By :136
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJEPA
C2  - 8633618
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Sytkowski, P.A.; Statistics and Consulting Unit, Department of Mathematics, Boston University, 111 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States
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Wing, S., Hayes, C., Heiss, G., Geographic variation in the onset of decline of ischemic heart disease mortality in the United States (1986) Am J Public Health, 76, pp. 1404-1408; 
Cooper, R., Stamler, J., Dyer, A., The decline in mortality from coronary heart disease, USA, 1968-1975 (1978) J Chronic Dis, 31, pp. 709-720; 
Sytkowski, P.A., Kannel, W.B., D'Agostino, R.B., Changes in risk factors and the decline in mortality from cardiovascular disease: The Framingham Heart Study (1990) N Engl J Med, 322, pp. 1635-1641; 
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Belanger, A., Cupples, A., D'Agostino, R.B., Means at each examination and inter-examination variation of specified characteristics: Framingham Heart Study, 30-year follow-up (1988) The Framingham Study: An Epidemiological Investigation of Cardiovascular Disease, , Kannel WB, Wolf PA, Garrison RJ, eds. Sect 36. Washington, DC: GPO, NIH publication no. 88-2970; NTIS PB88-200050; 
D'Agostino, R.B., Kannel, W.B., Epidemiological background and design: The Framingham Study (1989) Proceedings of the American Statistical Association Sesquicentennial 1988-89, pp. 707-718. , Gail MH, Johnson NL, eds. Sesquicentennial invited paper session. Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association; 
Cupples, L.A., D'Agostino, R.B., Some risk factors related to the annual incidence of cardiovascular disease and death using pooled repeated biennial measurements: Framingham Study, 30-year follow-up (1987) The Framingham Study: An Epidemiological Investigation of Cardiovascular Disease, , Kannel WB, Wolf PA, Garrison RJ, eds. Sect 34. Washington, DC: GPO, NIH publication no. 87-2703; NTIS PB87-177499; 
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Leaverton, P.E., Sorlie, P.D., Kleinman, J.C., Representativeness of the Framingham risk model for coronary heart disease mortality: A comparison with a national cohort study (1987) J Chronic Dis, 40, pp. 775-784; 
Kannel, W.B., Sytkowski, P.A., Risk factors for atherosclerotic disease (1987) Pharmacol Ther, 32, pp. 207-235; 
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Sprafka, J.M., Burke, G.L., Folsom, A.R., Continued decline in cardiovascular disease risk factors: Results of the Minnesota Heart Survey, 1980-1982 and 1985-1987 (1990) Am J Epidemiol, 132, pp. 489-500; 
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Walker, W.J., Changing United States life-style and declining vascular mortality: Cause or coincidence? (1977) N Engl J Med, 297, pp. 163-165; 
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Pearson, T.A., Determinants of coronary heart disease mortality (1988) Trends in Coronary Heart Disease Mortality: the Influence of Medical Care, pp. 94-98. , Higgins MW, Luepker RV, eds. New York: Oxford University Press; 
Kaplan, G.A., Cohn, B.A., Cohen, R.D., The decline in ischemic heart disease mortality: Prospective evidence from the Alameda County Study (1988) Am J Epidemiol, 127, pp. 1131-1142
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029669706&doi=10.1093%2foxfordjournals.aje.a008748&partnerID=40&md5=e41b5111637cfec61825a7b2563b3d12
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mature maternity: Long term associations in first children born to older mothers in 1970 in the UK
T2  - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
J2  - J. EPIDEMIOL. COMMUNITY HEALTH
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
SP  - 429
EP  - 435
PY  - 1996
DO  - 10.1136/jech.50.4.429
SN  - 0143005X (ISSN) 
AU  - Pollock, J.I.
AD  - Institute of Child Health, University of Bristol, St Michael's Hill, Bristol, United Kingdom
AB  - Study objectives - To identify the physical, behavioural, medical, and educational outcomes in first children born to women aged 30 or more compared with those born to younger women. Design - Longitudinal cohort study design employing logistic regression analysis of data obtained from the British births survey of 1970 and the child health and education study follow ups to this cohort at ages 5 and 10. Setting - One week birth cohort covering the whole of the United Kingdom. Participants - The carers of 4315 first children born to women during the week of April 5th-llth 1970 inclusive in the whole of the United Kingdom except Northern Ireland, and followed up at both 5 and 10 years of age. In addition, information was obtained from health visitors, the child's teacher at 10, and the medical officer who completed an examination. At 10 the child also completed a questionnaire. Measurements - Data were obtained from questionnaires administered to the carers of the child at each time point, from their teacher at age 10, and from the results of a medical examination at age 10. Educational tests were also conducted at this age. Main results - Having adjusted for the effects of confounding factors, late primiparity was significantly associated with a number of events in labour and delivery involving obstetric interventions ranging from induction to operative deliveries and general anaesthesia. At 5 years of age, controlling additionally for family size at that time, associations were found between late primiparity and fewer adverse measures of behaviour in the child. Both the child's head circumference and the score on a picture based vocabulary test at this age were slightly greater in the index group. At 10 years of age, adjusting for background factors and present family size, late primiparity was associated with few outcome measures. Children born to older mothers, however, scored slightly higher on a broad range of educational tests administered at school. Conclusions - No clearly demonstrable adverse outcomes could be linked to later primiparity in the 1970 child health and education study national cohort study. Modest behavioural and educational advantages were detected in the group witholder first-time mothers. A woman's later primiparity may be associated with their child having a slightly larger head circumference compared with whole of the rest of the study cohort.
KW  - academic achievement
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - child behavior
KW  - child health
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - education
KW  - family size
KW  - follow up
KW  - general anesthesia
KW  - head circumference
KW  - health visitor
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - instrumental delivery
KW  - labor
KW  - linguistics
KW  - maternal age
KW  - medical examination
KW  - normal human
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - teacher
KW  - United Kingdom
PB  - BMJ Publishing Group
N1  - Cited By :8
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JECHD
C2  - 8882227
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Pollock, J.I.; Institute of Child Health, University of Bristol, St Michael's Hill, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Ventura, S.J., (1989) Trends and Variations in First Births to Older Women, 1970-1986. Vital and Health Statistics Series, 21 (47). , Hyattsville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services; 
Kline, J., Stein, Z., Susser, M., (1989) Conception to Birth, 14. , Monographs in epidemiology and biostatistics New York: Oxford University Press; 
Van Noord-Zaadstra, B.M., Looman, C.W.N., Alsbach, H., Habbema, J.D.F., De Velde, E.R., Karbaat, J., Delayed childbearing: Effect of age on fecundity and outcome of pregnancy (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1361-1365; 
Berkowitz, G.S., Skovron, M.L., Lapinski, R.H., Berkowitz, R.L., Delayed childbearing and the outcome of pregnancy (1990) N Engl J Med, 322 (10), pp. 659-664; 
Cohen, W.R., Newman, L., Friedman, E.A., Risk of labor abnormalities with advancing maternal age (1980) Obstet Gynecol, 55, pp. 414-416; 
Grimes, D.A., Close, G.K., Pregnancy outcomes in black women aged 35 and older (1981) Obstet Gynecol, 58, pp. 614-620; 
Foreman, M.R., Meirik, O., Berendes, H.W., Delayed childbearing in Sweden (1984) JAMA, 252, pp. 3135-3139; 
Wells-Nystrom, B.L., De Chateau, P., Maternal age and transition to motherhood: Prenatal and perinatal assessments Acta Psychiatr Scand, 76, pp. 719-725. , 198; 
Harker, L., Thorpe, K., The last egg in the basket? Elderly primiparity - A review of findings (1992) Birth, 19, pp. 23-30; 
Barkan, S.E., Bracken, M.B., Delayed childbearing: No evidence for increased risk of low birth weight and preterm delivery (1987) Am J Epidemiol, 125 (1), pp. 101-109; 
Tuck, S.M., Yudkin, S.L., Turnbull, A.C., Pregnancy outcome in elderly primigravidae with and without a history of infertility (1988) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 95, pp. 230-237; 
Cnattingius, S., Foreman, M.R., Berendes, H.W., Isotalo, L., Delayed childbearing and risk of adverse perinatal outcome: A population-based study (1992) JAMA, 268 (7), pp. 886-890; 
Aldous, M.B., Edmonson, M.B., Maternal age at first childbirth and risk of low birth weight and preterm delivery in Washington State (1993) JAMA, 270 (21), pp. 2574-2577; 
Roberts, C.L., Algert, C.S., March, L.M., Delayed childbearingAre there any risks? (1994) Med J Aust, 160 (9), pp. 539-544; 
Booth, R.T., Williams, G.L., Elderly primigravidae (1964) J Obstet. Gynaecol Br Commonw, 71, pp. 249-254; 
Frankel, S.A., Wise, M.J., A view of delayed parenting: Some implications of a new trend (1982) Psychiatry, 45 (3), pp. 220-225; 
Berryman, J.C., Windridge, K.C., Pregnancy after 35: A preliminary report on maternal-fetal attachment (1993) Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 11, pp. 169-174; 
Ventura, S.J., First births to older mothers (1989) Am J Public Health, 79 (12), pp. 1675-1677; 
Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Hewlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1970) British Births, , London: William Heineman, 1975; 
Weinberg, W.A., Dietz, S.G., Penick, E.C., McAlister, W.H., Intelligence, reading achievement, physical size and social class. A study of St Louis Caucasian boys aged 8.0 to 9.6 years attending regular schools (1985) J Pediatr, 4, pp. 482-489; 
Ounsted, M., Moar, V.A., Scott, A., Associations between size and development at four years among children who were small-for-dates and large-for-dates at birth (1984) Early Human Development, 9 (3), pp. 259-268; 
Brennan, T.L., Funk, S.G., Frothingham, T.E., Disproportionate intra-uterine head growth and developmental outcome (1985) Dev Med Child Neural, 27 (6), pp. 746-750; 
Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , London: Longman
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029811383&doi=10.1136%2fjech.50.4.429&partnerID=40&md5=228336fd5b8c6763d392d9ec686b1a6b
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The British longitudinal birth cohort studies: Their utility for the study of health and place
T2  - Health and Place
J2  - HEALTH PLACE
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
SP  - 15
EP  - 26
PY  - 1996
DO  - 10.1016/1353-8292(95)00038-0
SN  - 13538292 (ISSN) 
AU  - Ekinsmyth, C.
AD  - Department of Geography, University of Portsmouth, Buckingham Building, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth PO1 3HE, United Kingdom
AB  - Very little use has been made in geography of Britain's three longitudinal birth cohort studies. These studies are currently charting the lives of three cohorts born, respectively, in 1946, 1958 and 1970, collecting information at intervals about major aspects of the cohort members' existence. Funding permitting, these studies aim to continue throughout the lives of their cohorts. This paper seeks to provide a brief introduction to the studies, to show what they contain, and to consider their advantages and disadvantages for secondary data analysis, particularly with regard to the study of health and place.
KW  - Geographical
KW  - Health
KW  - Longitudinal
KW  - Place
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - data analysis
KW  - geography
KW  - health status
KW  - human
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - medical research
KW  - priority journal
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - longitudinal birth cohort
KW  - population study
KW  - secondary data analysis
KW  - UK
PB  - Elsevier Ltd
N1  - Cited By :3
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: HEPLF
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Ekinsmyth, C.; Department of Geography, University of Portsmouth, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth PO1 3HE, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Atkins, E., Cherry, N., Douglas, J., Kiernan, K., Wadsworth, M., The 1946 British Birth Cohort Survey: An account of the origins, progress and results of the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research in Europe: An Empirical Basis for Primary Prevention, , Mednick, S. and Baert, A. (eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Blaxter, M., Longitudinal studies in Britain relevant to inequalities in health (1986) Class and Health: Research and Longitudinal Data, , Wilkinson, R. (ed.), London: Tavistock; 
Braddon, F., Rodgers, B., Wadsworth, M., Davies, J., Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study (1986) British Medical Journal, 293, pp. 299-303; 
Britten, N., Models of intergenerational class mobility: Findings from the National Survey of health and development (1981) British Journal of Sociology, 32, pp. 224-238; 
Britten, N., Davies, J., Colley, J., Early respiratory experience and subsequent cough and peak expiratory flow rate in 36 year old men and women (1987) British Medical Journal, 294, pp. 1317-1320; 
Britton, M., (1990) Mortality and Geography: A Review of the Mid 1980s, , London: HMSO; 
Britton, M., Fox, A., Goldblatt, P., Jones, D., Rosato, M., The influence of socio-economic and environmental factors on geographic variation in mortality (1990) Mortality and Geography: A Review of the Mid-1980s, , Britton, M. (ed.), London: HMSO; 
Buck, N., Gershuny, J., Rose, D., Scott, J., (1994) Changing Households: The British Household Panel Survey, 1990-1992, , Colchester, ESRC Research Centre on Micro-Social Change, University of Essex; 
Butler, N., Bonham, D., (1963) Perinatal Mortality, , Edinburgh: Livingstone; 
Butler, N., Golding, J., (1986) From Birth to Five, , Oxford: Pergammon; 
Bynner, J., (1993) The Use of Longitudinal Cohort Studies in the Policy Process: An Anglo-German Perspective, , London: Anglo-German Foundation for the Study of Industrial Society; 
Cherry, N., Women, and work stress: Evidence from the 1946 birth cohort (1984) Ergonomics, 27, pp. 519-526; 
Cherry, N., Nervous strain, anxiety and symptoms amongst 32-year-old men at work in Britain (1984) Journal of Occupational Psychology, 57, pp. 95-105; 
Creeser, R., Hattersley, L., (1994) LS Technical Volume, , London: HMSO; 
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Douglas, J., The contribution of long-term research to social medicine (1981) Longitudinal Research: Methods and Uses in Behavioural Science, , Schulsinger, F., Sarnoff, A., Mednick, S. and Knop, J. (eds), Boston: Martinus Nijhoff; 
Duncan, C., Jones, K., Moon, G., Do places matter? A multi-level analysis of regional variations in health-related behaviour in Britain (1993) Social Science and Medicine, 37 (6), pp. 725-733; 
Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J., (1994) The Basic Skills of Young Adults, , London: ALBSU; 
Ekinsmyth, C., Large-scale longitudinal studies: Their utility for geographic enquiry (1996) Area, , forthcoming; 
Ekinsmyth, C., Bynner, J., Montgomery, S., Shepherd, P., An integrated approach to the design and analysis of the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) and the National Child Development Study (NCDS) (1992) SSRU Inter-cohort Analysis Working Paper Series, Paper No. 1, , London: City University; 
Fielding, A., Inter-regional migration and social change: A study of South East England based upon data from the longitudinal study (1989) Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, NS 14, pp. 24-36; 
Fogelman, K., (1983) Growing Up in Great Britain: Collected Papers from the National Child Development Study, , London: Macmillan; 
Fogelman, K., Wedge, P., The National Child Development Study (1958 British cohort) (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research in Europe: An Empirical Basis for Primary Prevention, , Mednick, S. and Baert, A. (eds), Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Golding, J., Research protocol: European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC) (1989) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 3, pp. 460-469; 
Golding, J., Children of the nineties: A longitudinal study of pregnancy and childhood based on the population of Avon (ALSPAC) (1990) West of England Medical Journal, 105 (3), pp. 80-82; 
Golding, J., (1994) A Guide to The Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ALSPAC), , Bristol: Institute of Child Health; 
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Gregory, D., People, places and practices: The future of human geography (1985) Geographical Futures, , King, R. (ed.), Sheffield: Geographical Association; 
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Jones, K., (1991) Multi-level Models for Geographical Research, , Norwich: Geobooks; 
Jones, K., Duncan, C., People and places: The multilevel model as a general framework for the quantitative analysis of geographical data (1994) Technical Paper No. 949, Centre for Survey Data Analysis, , Southampton: University of Southampton; 
Jones, K., Duncan, C., Individuals and their ecologies: Analysing the geography of chronic illness within a multilevel modelling framework (1995) Health and Place, 1, pp. 27-40; 
Jones, K., Moon, G., Medical geography: Taking space seriously (1993) Progress in Human Geography, 17 (4), pp. 515-524; 
Kearns, R., The place of health in the health of place: The Hokianga special medical area (1991) Social Science and Medicine, 33, pp. 519-530; 
Kearns, R., Place and health: Towards a reformed medical geography (1993) Professional Geographer, 45 (2), pp. 139-147; 
Kiernan, K., Teenage motherhood - Associated factors and consequences - The experience of a British birth cohort (1980) Journal of Biosocial Science, 12, pp. 393-405; 
Kiernan, K., Eldridge, S., Age at marriage: Inter and intra cohort variation (1987) British Journal of Sociology, pp. 44-63. , 38 pp; 
Kuh, D., Cooper, C., Physical activity at 36 years: Pattern and childhood predictors in a longitudinal study (1992) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 46, pp. 114-119; 
Kuh, D., Maclean, M., Women's childhood experience of parental separation and their subsequent health and socio-economic status in adulthood (1990) Journal of Biosocial Science, 22, pp. 121-135; 
Macintyre, S., Annandale, E., Ecob, R., Ford, G., Hunt, B., Jamieson, B., MacIver, S., Wyke, S., The West of Scotland twenty-07 study: Health in the community (1989) Readings for a New Public Health, , Martin, C. and MacQueen, D. eds Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press; 
Macintyre, S., MacIver, S., Soomans, A., Area, class and health: Should we be focusing on places or people? (1993) Journal of Social Policy, 22 (2), pp. 213-234; 
MacIver, S., Macintyre, S., (1987) West of Scotland Twenty-07 Study: Selection of the Study Localities and Region, , Glasgow: MRC Medical Sociology Unit; 
Maclean, M., Wadsworth, M., The interests of children after parental divorce: A long term perspective (1988) International Journal of Law and the Family, 2, pp. 155-166; 
Martin, D., Postcodes and the 1991 census of population: Issues, problems and prospects (1992) Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, NS 17, pp. 350-357; 
Massey, D., Allen, J., (1984) Geography Matters!: A Reader, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 
McDowell, L., Measuring housing deprivation in post-war Britain (1979) Area, 11 (3), pp. 264-269; 
McDowell, L., Housing deprivation: A longitudinal analysis (1982) Area, 14, pp. 144-150; 
McDowell, L., Housing deprivation: An intergenerational approach (1983) The Structure of Disadvantage, , Brown, M. (ed.), London: Heinemann; 
Mednick, S., Baert, A., (1981) Prospective Longitudinal Research, , Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Ni Bhrolchain, M., Women's paid work and the timing of births (1986) European Journal of Population, 2, pp. 43-70; 
Osborn, A., Butler, N., Morris, A., (1984) The Social Life of Britain's Five Years Olds, , London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; 
Robins, L., Problems in follow-up studies (1977) American Journal of Psychiatry, 134, pp. 904-907; 
Rodgers, B., Behaviour and personality in childhood as predictors of adult psychiatric disorder (1990) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, pp. 393-414; 
Ross, E., Peckham, C., West, P., Butler, N., Epilepsy in childhood: Findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) British Medical Journal, 280, pp. 207-210; 
Schulsinger, F., Mednick, S., Knop, J., (1981) Longitudinal Research: Methods and Uses in Behavioural Science, , Boston: Martinus Nijhoff; 
Shepherd, P., (1995) NCDS User Support Group: Working Paper No. 2 (Revised Edn), , London: City University; 
Wadsworth, M., The role of the large-scale longitudinal design in studies of child development (1986) Early Child Development and Care, 25, pp. 291-304; 
Wadsworth, M., Evidence from three birth cohort studies of longterm and cross-generational effects on the development of children (1986) Children of Social Worlds, , Richards, M. and Light, P. (eds), Oxford: Oxford and Harvard University Press; 
Wadsworth, M., (1991) The Imprint of Time, , Oxford: Clarendon Pres; 
Wadsworth, M., The policy usefulness of birth cohort studies of health: Examples from the British 1946 cohort study (1993) The Use of Longitudinal Cohort Studies in the Policy Process: An Anglo-German Perspective, , Bynner, J. (ed.), London: Anglo-German Foundation for the Study of Industrial Society; 
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Wadsworth, M., Maclean, M., Kuh, D., Rodgers, B., Children of divorced and separated parents: A summary and review of findings from a long-term follow-up study in the U.K (1991) Sauvegarde De l'Enfance, 46, pp. 152-161; 
Wadsworth, M., Mann, S., Rodgers, B., Kuh, D., Hilder, W., Yusuf, E., Loss and representativeness in a 43 year follow-up of a national birth cohort (1992) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 46, pp. 300-304; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029669724&doi=10.1016%2f1353-8292%2895%2900038-0&partnerID=40&md5=32a6f15942892dc26634cc294d594c9d
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Parental smoking and the nutrient intake and food choice of British teenagers aged 16-17 years
T2  - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
J2  - J. EPIDEMIOL. COMMUNITY HEALTH
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
SP  - 306
EP  - 312
PY  - 1996
DO  - 10.1136/jech.50.3.306
SN  - 0143005X (ISSN) 
AU  - Crawley, H.F.
AU  - While, D.
AD  - Statistics, Operational Research and Probability Methods Research Group (STORM), University North London, Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, United Kingdom
AD  - CRC Education and Child Studies Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, University Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
AB  - Study objective - To examine the association between parental smoking habits and the nutrient intake and food choice of teenagers aged 16-17 years, allowing for differences in teenage smoking and the social class and regional distribution of the participants. Design - Data were collected from the 1970 longitudinal birth cohort, cross-sectionally at 16-17 years. The smoking habits of teenagers were evaluated from a questionnaire completed by the subjects themselves, and the smoking habits of parents by interview. The nutrient and food intakes of teenagers were quantitatively assessed using a four day unweighed dietary diary. Setting - The participants were distributed throughout Britain. Participants - A subsample of 1222 males and 1735 females was isolated from respondents to the 1970 birth cohort 16-17 year data collection sweep undertaken in 1986-87. Main results - Parental smoking habits were associated with different dietary patterns among teenagers regardless of whether the teenagers themselves smoked. Dietary differences noted were similar to those observed previously among smokers, with lower intakes of fibre, vitamin C, vitamin E, folates, and magnesium in particular reported among both males and females in households where parents were smokers. These lower intakes were associated with lower intakes of fruit juices, wholemeal bread, and some vegetables. Conclusion - Teenagers who lived with parents who smoked had different nutrient and food intakes to those with non-smoking parents, and teenagers exposed to parental smoking appeared to have similar dietary patterns to teenagers who themselves smoked.
KW  - alpha tocopherol
KW  - ascorbic acid
KW  - folic acid
KW  - magnesium
KW  - adolescent
KW  - article
KW  - bread
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - dietary fiber
KW  - dietary intake
KW  - female
KW  - food preference
KW  - fruit juice
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - mineral intake
KW  - normal human
KW  - parental behavior
KW  - passive smoking
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - smoking habit
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - vegetable
KW  - vitamin intake
PB  - BMJ Publishing Group
N1  - Cited By :27
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JECHD
C2  - 8935463
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Crawley, H.F.; STORM, The University North London, Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: alpha tocopherol, 1406-18-4, 1406-70-8, 52225-20-4, 58-95-7, 59-02-9; ascorbic acid, 134-03-2, 15421-15-5, 50-81-7; folic acid, 59-30-3, 6484-89-5; magnesium, 7439-95-4
N1  - References: Margetts, B.A., Jackson, A.A., Interactions between people's diet and their smoking habits: The dietary and nutritional survey of British adults (1993) BMJ, 307, pp. 1381-1384; 
Bolton-Smith, C., Woodward, M., Brown, C.A., Smith, W.C.S., Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Nutrient intakes from current, ex- and never smokers: Results from the Scottish heart health study (1991) Proc Nutr Soc, 50, pp. 36A; 
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Townsend, J., Wilkes, H., Haines, A., Jarvis, M., Adolescent smokers seen in general practice: Health, lifestyle, physical measurements, and response to anti-smoking advice (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 947-950; 
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Charlton, A., Children and passive smoking: A review (1994) J Fam Pract, 38, pp. 267-277; 
Kallner, A.B., Hartmann, D., Hornig, D., On the requirements of ascorbic acid in man: Steady state turnover and body pool (1981) Am J Clin Nutr, 34, pp. 1347-1355; 
Kelder, J.H., Perry, C.L., Klepp, K.I., Lytle, L.L., Longitudinal tracking of adolescent smoking, physical activity and food choice behaviours (1994) Am J Public Health, 84, pp. 1121-1126; 
Diet, nutrition and chronic diseases (1990) Technical Report Series No. 797, , Geneva: WHO
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Study of the aetiology of wheezing illness at age 16 in two national British birth cohorts
T2  - Thorax
J2  - THORAX
VL  - 51
IS  - 7
SP  - 670
EP  - 676
PY  - 1996
DO  - 10.1136/thx.51.7.670
SN  - 00406376 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lewis, S.
AU  - Butland, B.
AU  - Strachan, D.
AU  - Bynner, J.
AU  - Richards, D.
AU  - Butler, N.
AU  - Britton, J.
AD  - Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Public Health Sciences, St. George's Hospital, Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 ORE, United Kingdom
AD  - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V OHB, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Child Health, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
AB  - Background - Data from two national British birth cohorts were used to measure the increase in prevalence of wheezing illness at age 16 between 1974 and 1986, and to investigate the role of several potential risk factors in the increase. Methods - The occurrence of self-reported asthma or wheezy bronchitis within the past year, and the frequency of attacks of wheezing illness at age 16, were compared in 11262 and 9266 children born in one week of 1958 and 1970, respectively. The effects of several putative risk factors for asthma - including birth weight, maternal age, birth order, breast feeding, maternal smoking in pregnancy, child's personal smoking, and father's social class - on the change in occurrence of wheezing illness at age 16 were assessed by multiple logistic regression. Results - The annual period prevalence of asthma or wheezy bronchitis at age 16 increased from 3.8% in 1974 to 6.5% in 1986 (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.71, 95% CI 1.52 to 1.93). The proportion of children experiencing attacks more than once a week increased from 0.2% to 0.7% (PR = 3.77, 95% CI 2.28 to 6.23). The prevalence of self-reported eczema and hayfever within the past year doubled between 1974 and 1986, suggesting that the increase in asthma was part of a general increase in the prevalence of atopic disease. However, in the complete dataset, after adjustment for the effects of the risk factors studied, the prevalence odds ratio for asthma or wheezy bronchitis in 1986 compared with 1974 was virtually unchanged from the unadjusted value at 1.77 (95% CI 1.46 to 2.15). Conclusion - The prevalence of wheezing illness in British teenagers increased by approximately 70% between 1974 and 1986. This increase appears to have occurred in the context of a general increase in atopic disease and was largely unexplained by changes in the distribution of maternal age, birth order, birth weight, infant feeding, maternal smoking, active smoking by the child, or father's social class.
KW  - Adolescent asthma
KW  - Aetiology
KW  - Time trends
KW  - adolescent
KW  - article
KW  - atopy
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - smoking
KW  - social class
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - wheezing
PB  - BMJ Publishing Group
N1  - Cited By :89
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: THORA
C2  - 8882071
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lewis, S.; Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Anderson, H.R., Is asthma really increasing? (1993) Paediatr Respir Med, 1, pp. 6-10; 
Anderson, H.R., Butland, B.K., Strachan, D.P., Trends in the prevalence and severity of childhood asthma (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 1600-1604; 
Burney, P.G.J., Chinn, S., Rona, R.J., Has the prevalence of asthma increased in children? Evidence from the national study of health and growth 1973-80 (1990) BMJ, 300, pp. 1306-1310; 
Burr, M.L., Butland, B.K., King, S., Vaughan-Wilhams, E., Changes in asthma prevalence: Two surveys 15 years apart (1989) Arch Dis Child, 64, pp. 1452-1456; 
Gergen, P.J., Mullally, D.I., Fvans, R., National survey of prevalence of asthma among children in the United States, 1976 to 1980 (1988) Pediatrics, 81, pp. 1-7; 
Mitchell, E.A., Increasing prevalence of asthma in children (1983) N Z Med J, 96, pp. 463-464; 
Hsieh, K.-H., Shen, J.-J., Prevalence of childhood asthma in Taipei, Taiwan, and other Asian Pacific countries (1988) J Asthma, 25, pp. 73-82; 
Britton, J.R., Asthma's changing prevalence (1992) BMJ, 304, pp. 857-858; 
Ninan, T.K., Russell, G., Respiratory symptoms and atopy in Aberdeen school children: Evidence from two surveys 25 years apart (1992) BMJ, 304, pp. 873-875; 
Seaton, A., Godden, D.J., Brown, K., Increase in asthma: A more toxic environment or a more susceptible population? (1994) Thorax, 49, pp. 171-174; 
Peat, J.K., Van Den Berg, R.H., Green, W.F., Mellis, C.M., Leeder, S.R., Changing prevalence of asthma in Australian children (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 1591-1596; 
Seidman, D.S., Laor, A., Gale, R., Stevenson, D.K., Danon, Y.L., Is low birth weight a risk factor for asthma during adolescence (1991) Arch Dis Child, 66, pp. 584-587; 
Schwartz, J., Gold, D., Dockery, D.W., Weiss, S.T., Speizer, F.E., Predictors of asthma and persistent wheeze in a national sample of children in the United States (1990) Am Rev Respir Dis, 142, pp. 555-562; 
Burr, M.L., Epidemiology of asthma (1993) Epidemiol Clin Alleregy, 31, pp. 80-102; 
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(1985) SAS Users' Guide: Basics and Statistics. Version 5, , Cary, North Carolina: SAS Institute; 
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Hill, R., Change in use of asthma as a diagnostic label for wheezing illness in schoolchildren (1989) BMJ, 299, p. 898; 
Whallett, F.J., Ayres, J.G., Labelling shift from acute bronchitis may be contributing to the recent nse in asthma mortality in the 5-34 age group (1993) Respir Med, 87, pp. 183-186; 
Hay, I.E.C., Higenbottam, T.W., Has the management of asthma improved? (1987) Lancet, 2, pp. 609-611; 
Barbee, R.A., Brown, W.G., Kaltenborn, W., Halonen, M., Allergen skin-test reactivity in a community population sample: Correlation with age, histamine skin reactions, and total serum immunoglobulin (1981) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 68, pp. 15-19; 
Lewis, S., Richards, D., Bynner, J., Butler, N., Britton, J., The aetiology of wheezing illness in childhood and adolescence: A prospective study of the independent effects of passive smoking, birth weight, maternal age, and socio-economic status (1995) Eur Respir J, 8, pp. 349-356; 
Strachan, D.P., The prevalence and natural history of wheezing in early childhood (1985) J R Coll Gen, Pract, 35, pp. 182-184; 
Luyt, D.K., Burton, P.R., Simpson, H., Epidemiological study of wheeze, doctor diagnosed asthma, and cough in preschool children in Leicestershire (1993) BMJ, 306, pp. 1386-1390; 
Barker, D.J.P., Godfrey, K.M., Osmond, C., Winter, P.D., Shaheen, S.O., Relation of birth weight and childhood respiratory infection to adult lung function and death from chronic obstructive airways disease (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 671-675; 
Tager, I.B., Hanrahan, J.P., Tosteson, T.D., Castile, R.G., Brown, R.W., Weiss, S.T., Lung function, pre- and post-natal smoke exposure, and wheezing in the first year of life (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis, 147, pp. 811-817; 
Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and lower respiratory tract illness in early life (1987) Arch Dis Child, 62, pp. 786-791; 
Anderson, H.R., Bland, J.M., Patel, S., Peckham, C., The natural history of asthma in childhood (1986) J Epidemiol Community Health, 40, pp. 121-129; 
Von Mutius, E., Martinez, F.D., Fritzsch, C., Nicolai, T., Reitmeir, P., Thiemann, H.-H., Skin test reactivity and number of siblings (1994) BMJ, 308, pp. 692-696; 
Strachan, D.P., Hay fever, hygiene, and household size (1989) BMJ, 299, pp. 1259-1260; 
Chandra, R.K., Puri, S., Cheema, P.S., Predictive value of cord blood IgE in the development of atopic disease and role of breast feeding in its prevention (1985) Clin Allergy, 15, pp. 517-522; 
Wald, N., Kiryluk, S., Darby, S., Doll, R., Pike, M., Peto, R., (1988) UK Smoking Statistics, pp. 34-35. , Oxford: Oxford University Press; 
Arshad, S.H., Hide, D.W., Effect of environmental factors on the development of allergic disorders in infancy (1992) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 90, pp. 235-241; 
Adams, L., Lonsdale, D., Robinson, M., Rawbone, R., Respiratory impairment induced by smoking in children in secondary schools (1984) BMJ, 288, p. 891
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0030005286&doi=10.1136%2fthx.51.7.670&partnerID=40&md5=a4c83a7a020a10fe76b6d7d1a8067589
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Evaluation of birth Cohort patterns in population disease rates
T2  - American Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Am. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 143
IS  - 1
SP  - 85
EP  - 90
PY  - 1996
SN  - 00029262 (ISSN) 
AU  - Tarone, R.E.
AU  - Chu, K.C.
AD  - Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
AD  - Early Detection Branch, Div. of Cancer Prev. and Control, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
AD  - National Cancer Institute, Executive Plaza North, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
AB  - Interpretation of trends in disease rates using conventional age-period-cohort analyses is made difficult by the lack of a unique set of parameters specifying any given model. Because of difficulties inherent in age-period-cohort models, neither the magnitude nor the direction of a linear trend in birth cohort effects or calendar period effects can be determined unambiguously. This leads to considerable uncertainty in making inferences regarding disease etiology based on birth cohort or calendar period trends. In this paper, the authors demonstrate that changes in the direction or magnitude of long term trends can be identified unequivocally in age-period-cohort analyses, and they provide parametric methods for evaluating such changes in trend within the usual Poisson regression framework. Such changes can have important implications for disease etiology. This is demonstrated in applications of the proposed methods to the investigation of birth cohort trends in female breast cancer mortality rates obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics for the United States (1970-1989) and from the World Health Organization for Japan (1955-1979).
KW  - Breast neoplasms
KW  - Cohort effect
KW  - Models, statistical
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Poisson distribution
KW  - Women
KW  - age-period-cohort analysis
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - cohort effect
KW  - disease trend
KW  - medical geography
KW  - methodological evaluation
KW  - Poisson distribution
KW  - women's health
KW  - Japan
KW  - USA
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - birth rate
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - epidemiological data
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - human tissue
KW  - japan
KW  - population research
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - united states
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Breast Neoplasms
KW  - Cohort Effect
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Humans
KW  - Japan
KW  - Likelihood Functions
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Models, Statistical
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :84
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJEPA
C2  - 8533751
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Tarone, R.E.; National Cancer Institute, Executive Plaza North, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
N1  - References: Miller, B.A., Ries, L.A.G., Hankey, B.F., (1992) Cancer Statistics Review 1973-1989, , Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute, (NIH publication no. 92-2789); 
Hoel, D.G., Davis, D.L., Miller, A.B., Trends in cancer mortality in 15 industrialized countries, 1969-1986 (1992) J Natl Cancer Inst, 84, pp. 313-320; 
Mausner, J.S., Bahn, A.K., (1974) Epidemiology: An Introductory Text, p. 81. , Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company; 
Andvord, K.F., What can we learn by studying tuberculosis by generations? (1930) Norsk Mag Laegevidensk, 91, pp. 642-660; 
Frost, W.H., The age selection of mortality from tuberculosis in successive decades (1939) Am J Hyg [Sect A], 30, pp. 91-96; 
Lancaster, H.O., Deafness as an epidemic disease in Australia (1951) Br Med J, 21, pp. 1429-1432; 
Dorn, H.F., Cutler, S.J., (1959) Morbidity from Cancer in the United States, , Washington, DC: US GPO, (Public Health Monograph no. 56). (US Public Health Service publication no. 590); 
MacMahon, B., Breast cancer at menopausal ages: An explanation of observed incidence changes (1957) Cancer, 10, pp. 1037-1044; 
MacMahon, B., Cohort fertility and increasing breast cancer incidence (1958) Cancer, 11, pp. 250-254; 
MacMahon, B., Terry, W.D., Application of cohort analysis to the study of time trends in neoplastic disease (1958) J Chronic Dis, 7, pp. 24-35; 
Stevens, R.G., Moolgavkar, S.H., Lee, J.A.H., Temporal trends in breast cancer (1982) Am J Epidemiol, 115, pp. 759-777; 
Tarone, R.E., Chu, K.C., Implications of birth cohort patterns in interpreting trends in breast cancer rates (1992) J Natl Cancer Inst, 84, pp. 1402-1410; 
Hernandez Avila, M., Walker, A.M., Age dependence of cohort phenomena in breast cancer mortality in the United States (1987) Am J Epidemiol, 126, pp. 377-384; 
Kessler, L.G., The relationship between age and incidence of breast cancer: Population and screening program data (1992) Cancer, 69, pp. 1896-1903; 
Holford, T.R., The estimation of age, period and cohort effects for vital rates (1983) Biometrics, 39, pp. 311-324; 
Kupper, L.L., Janis, J.M., Karmous, A., Statistical age-period-cohort analysis: A review and critique (1985) J Chronic Dis, 38, pp. 811-830; 
Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. I. Age-period and age-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 449-467; 
Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. II. Age-period-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 468-481; 
Shryock, H.S., Siegel, J.S., Stockwell, E.G., (1976) The Methods and Materials of Demography, p. 542. , (Condensed ed.). New York, NY: Academic Press, Inc; 
Adami, H.-O., Bergstrom, R., Sparen, P., Increasing cancer risk in younger birth cohorts in Sweden (1993) Lancet, 341, pp. 773-777; 
Trichopoulos, D., Lipman, R.D., Mammary gland mass and breast cancer risk (1992) Epidemiology, 3, pp. 523-526; 
Devesa, S.S., Blot, W.J., Stone, B.J., Recent cancer trends in the United States (1995) J Natl Cancer Inst, 87, pp. 175-182
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Does religious observance promote health? Mortality in secular vs religious Kibbutzim in Israel
T2  - American Journal of Public Health
J2  - AM. J. PUBLIC HEALTH
VL  - 86
IS  - 3
SP  - 341
EP  - 346
PY  - 1996
DO  - 10.2105/AJPH.86.3.341
SN  - 00900036 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kark, J.D.
AU  - Shemi, G.
AU  - Friedlander, Y.
AU  - Martin, O.
AU  - Manor, O.
AU  - Blondheim, S.H.
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, Israel
AD  - Department of Medical Ecology
AD  - Dept. of Med. Hadassah Med. Org., Hebrew University, Hadassah Sch. Pub. Hlth./Comm. Med., Ein Karem, Jerusalem, Israel
AD  - Kibbutz YizreÉl, Emek YizreÉl, Israel
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem 91010, Israel
AB  - Objectives. This study assessed the association of Jewish religious observance with mortality by comparing religious and secular kibbutzim. These collectives are highly similar in social structure and economic function and are cohesive and supportive communities. Methods. In a 16-year (1970 through 1985) historical prospective study of mortality in 11 religious and 11 matched secular kibbutzim in Israel, 268 deaths occurred among 3900 men and women 35 years of age and older during 41 347 person-years of observation. Results. Mortality was considerably higher in secular kibbutzim. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to adjust for age and the matched design: rate ratios were 1.67 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17, 2.39) for men, 2.67 (95% CI = 1.55, 4.60) for women, and 1.93 (95% CI = 1.44, 2.59) overall. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of birth cohorts confirmed the association. The lower mortality in religious kibbutzim was consistent for all major causes of death. Conclusions. Belonging to a religious collective was associated with a strong protective effect not attributable to confounding by sociodemographic factors. Elucidation of mechanisms mediating this effect may provide etiologic insights and leads for intervention.
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - economic aspect
KW  - female
KW  - health promotion
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - Israel
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - normal human
KW  - religion
KW  - social structure
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - survival
PB  - American Public Health Association Inc.
N1  - Cited By :148
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJPEA
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kark, J.D.; Department of Social Medicine, Hadassah University Hospital, Ein Karem, Jerusalem 91010, Israel
N1  - References: O'Boyle, C.A., Diseases with passion (1993) Lancet, 342, pp. 1126-1127. , Commentary; 
Galton, F., Statistical inquiries into the efficacy of prayer (1872) Fortnightly Rev, 12, pp. 125-135; 
Kaplan, B.H., A note on religious beliefs and coronary heart disease (1976) J SC Med Assoc, (SUPPL.), pp. 60-64. , February; 
Jarvis, G.K., Northcott, H.C., Religion and differences in morbidity and mortality (1987) Soc Sci Med, 25, pp. 813-824; 
Levin, J.S., Vanderpool, H.Y., Is frequent religious attendance really conducive to better health? Toward an epidemiology of religion (1987) Soc Sci Med, 24, pp. 589-600; 
West, D.W., Lyon, J.L., Gardner, J.W., Cancer risk factors: An analysis of Utah Mormons and non-Mormons (1980) JNCI, 65, pp. 1083-1095; 
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Durkheim, E., (1961) The Elementary Forms of Religious Life, , New York, NY: Collier Books; 
Pescosolido, B.A., Georgianna, S., Durkheim, suicide, and religion: Toward a network theory of suicide (1989) Am Social Rev, 54, pp. 33-48; 
Pappas, G., Queen, S., Hadden, W., Fisher, G., The increasing disparity in mortality between socioeconomic groups in the United States, 1960 and 1986 (1993) N Engl J Med, 329, pp. 103-109
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Birthweight, adult risk factors and incident coronary heart disease: The Caerphilly study
T2  - Public Health
J2  - PUBLIC HEALTH
VL  - 110
IS  - 3
SP  - 139
EP  - 143
PY  - 1996
DO  - 10.1016/S0033-3506(96)80066-7
SN  - 00333506 (ISSN) 
AU  - Frankel, S.
AU  - Elwood, P.
AU  - Sweetnam, P.
AU  - Yarnell, J.
AU  - Davey Smith, G.
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom
AD  - MRC Epidemiology Unit, Llandough Hospital, Penarth, South Glamorgan CF6 1XX, United Kingdom
AD  - Dept. of Epidemiol. and Pub. Health, Queens University of Belfast, Mull House Building, Belfast BT12 6BJ, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective: To determine the relationships between birthweight, the incidence of coronary heart disease, and a range of coronary heart disease risk factors that operate during adult life. Design: Cohort study with a 10-year follow-up period. Setting: The town of Caerphilly, South Wales, and five adjacent villages. Subjects: 1258 men aged 45-59 at time of recruitment between 1979 and 1983. Main outcome measures: All deaths, coronary heart disease deaths, non-fatal CHD events. Results: The validity of the birthweight data was supported by the strong graded associations between birthweight and anthropometric measures in adulthood, particularly height, body mass index, triceps skinfold thickness and percentage body fat. An inverse relationship was found between birthweight and incident fatal and non-fatal CHD, (P = 0.01), though no relationship was found between birthweight and all-cause mortality. Amongst the major CHD risk factors, only fibrinogen shows a statistically significant relationship with birthweight (P = 0.008), fibrinogen levels being lower among the men with lower birthweights. When social and biological variables are included in models relating incident CHD and birthweight, the relationship between birthweight and incident fatal and non-fatal CHD remains essentially unchanged. Conclusion: A graded association between low birthweight and later CHD has been demonstrated in this cohort. This inverse association cannot be explained by the measured social or behavioural variables, or by other risk factors operating in adult life.
KW  - Birthweight
KW  - Coronary heart disease
KW  - Fibrinogen levels
KW  - Risk factors
KW  - fibrinogen
KW  - adult
KW  - anthropometric parameters
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - body fat
KW  - body height
KW  - body mass
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - ischemic heart disease
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - normal human
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - risk factor
KW  - skinfold thickness
KW  - United Kingdom
PB  - Elsevier B.V.
N1  - Cited By :94
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PUHEA
C2  - 8668758
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Frankel, S.; Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: fibrinogen, 9001-32-5
N1  - References: Barker, D.J.P., (1992) Fetal and Infant Origins of Adult Disease, , British Medical Association: London; 
Barker, D.J.P., (1994) Mothers. Babies and Disease in Later Life, , British Medical Association: London; 
Barker, D.J.P., Fetal origins of coronary heart disease (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 171-174; 
Labarthe, D., Eissa, M., Varca, C., Childhood precursors of high blood pressure and elevated cholesterol (1991) Ann Rev Public Health, 12, pp. 519-541; 
Eriksson, M., Tibblin, G., Cnattingrus, S., Low birthweight and ischaemic heart disease (1994) Lancet, 343, pp. 731-732; 
Rich-Edwards, J., Stampfer, M., Manson, J., Rosner, B., Colditz, G., Willett, W., Speizer, F., Hennekens, C., Birthweight, breastfeeding and the risk of coronary heart disease in the nurses' health study (1995) Am J Epidemiol, 141, pp. S78; 
Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Winter, P.D., Fall, C.H.D., Simmonds, S.J., Early growth and death from cardiovascular disease in women (1993) BMJ, 307, pp. 1519-1524; 
Ben-Shlomo, Y., Davey Smith, G., Deprivation in infancy or in adult life: Which is more important for mortality risk? (1991) Lancet, 1, pp. 530-534; 
Paneth, N., Susser, M., Early origin of coronary heart disease (the 'Barker hypothesis') (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 411-412; 
Bartley, M., Power, C., Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Shipley, M., Birthweight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: Evidence from the 1958 British cohort study (1994) BMJ, 309, pp. 1475-1478; 
Elford, J., Whincup, P., Shaper, A.G., Early life experience and adult cardiovascular disease; longitudinal and case-control studies (1991) Int J Epidemiol, 20, pp. 833-844; 
Durnin, J.V.G.A., Womersley, J., Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: Measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years (1974) British J Nutr, 32, pp. 77-97; 
(1985) The Caerphilly Collaborative Heart Disease Studies: Project Description and Manual of Operations, , Cardiff, UK, MRC Epidemiology Unit publication N. ISBN 0 9508951 1 3; 
Yarnell, J.G.W., Limb, E.S., Layzell, J.M., Baker, I.A., Height: A risk marker of ischaemic heart disease (1992) Eur Heart J, 13, pp. 1602-1605; 
Yarnell, J.W.G., Baker, I.A., Sweetnam, P.M., Bainton, D., O'Brien, J.R., Whitehead, P.J., Elwood, P.C., Fibrinogen, viscosity and white blood cell count are major risk factors for ischemic heart disease (1991) Circulation, 83 (3), pp. 837-844; 
Lumey, L.H., Stein, A.D., Ravelli, A.C., Maternal recall of birthweights of adult children: Validation by hospital and well baby clinic records (1994) International Journal of Epidemiology, 23, pp. 1006-1012; 
Burns, T.L., Moll, P.P., Rost, C.A., Lauer, R.M., Mothers remember birthweights of adolescent children; the Muscatine Ponderosity Family Study (1987) Int J Epidemiol, 16, pp. 550-555; 
Seidman, D.S., Slater, P.E., Ever-Hadani, P., Gale, R., Accuracy of mothers' recall of birthweight and gestational age (1987) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 94, pp. 731-735; 
Miller, F.J.W., Billewicz, W.Z., Thomson, A.M., Growth from birth to adult life of 442 Newcastle-upon-Tyne children (1972) Br J Prev Soc Med, 26, pp. 224-230; 
Fall, C.H.D., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J.P., Clark, P.M.S., Hales, C.N., Stirling, Y., Meade, T.W., Fetal and infant growth and cardiovascular risk factors in women (1995) BMJ, 310, pp. 428-432; 
Martyn, C.N., Meade, T.W., Stirling, Y., Barker, D.J.P., Plasma concentrations of fibrinogen and factor VII in adult life and their relation to intra-uterine growth (1995) Br J Haematol, 89, pp. 142-146; 
Valdez, R., Athens, M.A., Thompson, G.H., Bradshaw, B.S., Stern, M.P., Birthweight and adult health outcomes in a biethnic population in the USA (1994) Diabetologia, 37, pp. 624-631; 
Seidman, D.S., Laor, A., Gale, R., Stevenson, D.K., Mashiach, S., Danon, Y.L., Birthweight, current body weight and blood pressure in late adolescence (1991) BMJ, 302, pp. 1235-1237
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029933728&doi=10.1016%2fS0033-3506%2896%2980066-7&partnerID=40&md5=f15d1feb9939a2bbf1a7bfed1cdbec80
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The diet and body weight of British teenage smokers at 16-17 years
T2  - European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
J2  - EUR. J. CLIN. NUTR.
VL  - 49
IS  - 12
SP  - 904
EP  - 914
PY  - 1995
SN  - 09543007 (ISSN) 
AU  - Crawley, H.F.
AU  - While, D.
AD  - Statistics Operat. Res. Probability, Methods Research Group (STORM), University of North London, Holloway Road, London N7 8SD, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective: To examine the influence of teenage smoking habits on nutrient intake, food choice and body size. Design: Data was collected cross-sectionally: smoking habits were evaluated by questionnaire; heights and weights were measured and dietary intakes were quantitatively assessed via 4-day unweighed dietary diaries. Subjects: The subjects studied (n = 3430) were participants in the 1970 Longitudinal Birth Cohort, and were nationally distributed throughout Britain. Results: Male and female smokers consumed significantly (P < 0.005) more alcohol and less fibre, thiamin and vitamin C than occasional or never smokers. Male smokers also consumed significantly more fat when expressed as a percentage of energy intake, and significantly less non-milk extrinsic sugar (P < 0.01) and iron (P < 0.005) than occasional or never smokers. Regular and occasional female smokers consumed significantly (P < 0.005) less protein and calcium than never smokers, and regular smokers also reported lower intakes of zinc, selenium, riboflavin, carotene and folates (P < 0.005) and iodine (P < 0.01) than never or occasional smokers. Both male and female smokers were less likely to be consumers of puddings, biscuits and wholemeal bread, but were more likely (P < 0.005) to consume alcoholic beverages and coffee. Intakes of chips, alcoholic beverages and coffee were significantly (P < 0.005) higher among smokers and intakes of puddings, fruit, fruit juices and breakfast cereals lower. Regular female smokers also consumed significantly (P < 0.005) fewer vegetables. Smoking habit did not appear to be related to body size in this cohort. Conclusion: The diets of teenage smokers, particularly teenage girls, appear to be significantly different to those of non-smokers, but smoking was not related to body size. Lower intakes of antioxidant nutrients, fruits, vegetables and cereals by teenage smokers are of particular concern. Sponsorship: This study was supported by a grant from The British Heart Foundation.
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Diet
KW  - Food
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Weight
KW  - antioxidant
KW  - ascorbic acid
KW  - calcium
KW  - carotene
KW  - folic acid
KW  - iodine
KW  - iron
KW  - protein
KW  - riboflavin
KW  - selenium
KW  - sugar
KW  - thiamine
KW  - zinc
KW  - adolescent
KW  - alcohol consumption
KW  - article
KW  - body height
KW  - body size
KW  - body weight
KW  - calcium intake
KW  - caloric intake
KW  - cereal
KW  - coffee
KW  - controlled study
KW  - diet
KW  - dietary fiber
KW  - dietary intake
KW  - fat intake
KW  - female
KW  - food preference
KW  - fruit
KW  - fruit juice
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - normal human
KW  - nutrient
KW  - protein intake
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - sex difference
KW  - smoking
KW  - smoking habit
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - vegetable
KW  - vitamin intake
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Body Weight
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Diet
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Nutrition Surveys
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Smoking
N1  - Cited By :26
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EJCNE
C2  - 8925792
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Crawley, H.F.; Statistics Operat. Res. Probability, Methods Research Group (STORM), University of North London, Holloway Road, London N7 8SD, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029583689&partnerID=40&md5=65986ef079efe369131687d35fe5755f
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Changing trends in the epidemiology of malignant melanoma: Gender differences and their implications for public health
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Int. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 24
IS  - 5
SP  - 897
EP  - 907
PY  - 1995
DO  - 10.1093/ije/24.5.897
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Streetly, A.
AU  - Markowe, H.
AD  - Central Health Monitoring Unit, Department of Health, Wellington House, Waterloo Road, London, United Kingdom
AB  - Background: Skin cancer has been identified as a key area in the English health strategy. Review of trends in the epidemiology of melanoma by age, sex and social class can contribute to ensuring that preventive efforts are targeted appropriately and subsequently to monitoring the effects of campaigns. Methods: Descriptive epidemlological study using data for both sexes from cancer registrations by age (England & Wales 1971-1989), and from mortality statistics by age (England & Wales 1951-1970, England 1969-1992) and by social class (England & Wales 1970-1972 for men and women, England & Wales 1979-1980, 1982-1983 for men and Great Britain 1979-1980, 1982-1983 for women). Analysis used age-standardized and age-specific registration rates by sex, age-standardized and age-specific mortality rates by sex and standardized mortality ratios by sex and by social class. Cohort effects are presented based on model fitting of age- and cohort-specific mortality rates for the period 1950-1989. Results: Registration rates of new cases of malignant melanoma increased sharply in both sexes between 1971 and 1989 by 190% in men and 137% in women. Between 1970/1972 and 1990/1992 age-standardized mortality rates increased by 92% in men and 43% in women. In the 15-34 age group mortality rates have declined in women since the late 1970s whilst remaining level in men. The pattern of significantly higher mortality for both men and women in non-manual occupational groups had by the early 1980s diminished in women although it remained in men. In non-manual groups the mortality rate was higher in men than in women whilst for manual groups the opposite was true. Conclusions: A difference in trends in mortality from malignant melanoma between the sexes was demonstrated. Men are an important target group for preventive efforts despite their lower incidence of melanoma. They have a higher mortality rate which is increasing, less knowledge about appropriate primary and secondary preventive measures, present later with disease and respond less to traditional health education approaches. The findings have implications for the planning of primary and secondary prevention programmes. © 1995 International Epidemiological Association.
KW  - Gender
KW  - Malignant melanoma
KW  - Public health
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - gender difference
KW  - malignant melanoma
KW  - medical geography
KW  - public health
KW  - UK, England
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cancer prevention
KW  - cancer registry
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - melanoma
KW  - primary prevention
KW  - priority journal
KW  - public health
KW  - secondary prevention
KW  - sex difference
KW  - social class
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Aged
KW  - Chi-Square Distribution
KW  - Cohort Effect
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Melanoma
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Sex Distribution
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Wales
N1  - Cited By :50
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJEPB
C2  - 8557445
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Streetly, A.; Department of Public Health Medicine, United Medical and Dental Schools, St Thomas's Campus, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Swerdlow, A.J., International trends in cutaneous melanoma (1990) Ann NY Acad Sci, 609, pp. 235-251; 
Mackie, R., Hunter, J.A., Aitchinson, T.C., Cutaneous malignant melanoma, Scotland, 1979-89 (1992) Lancet, 339, pp. 971-975; 
Brown, L., Palmer, P.H., Melanoma incidence in Tauranga 1980-9 (1991) N Z Med J, 104, pp. 109-111; 
Coleman, M.P., Esteve, J., Damiecki, P., Austen, A., Renard, H., (1993) Trends in Cancer Incidence and Mortality, pp. 379-410. , Lyon: IARC, 1993: Scientific publication no. 21, Ch. 16; 
Elwood, M.J., Swerdlow, A.J., Cox, B., Trends in incidence and mortality from cutaneous melanoma in England and Wales (1989) Trans Menzies Found, 15, pp. 131-135; 
Ring, I.T., Walker, S.M., Firman, D., Bonett, A., Roder, D., Melanoma in Queensland (1989) Trans Menzies Found, 15, pp. 157-163; 
Roush, G.C., McKay, L., Holford, T.R., A reversal in the long-term increase in deaths attributable to malignant melanoma (1992) Cancer, 69, pp. 1714-1720; 
Geller, A.C., Koh, H.K., Miller, D.R., Mercer, M.B., Lew, R.A., Death rates of malignant melanoma among white men—United States 1973-1988 (1992) MMWR, 27, pp. 20-22. , Jan 17; 
Jones, M.E., Shugg, D., Dwyer, T., Young, B., Bonett, A., Interstate differences in incidence and mortality from melanoma: A re-examination of the latitudinal gradient (1992) Med J Aust, 157, pp. 373-378; 
Mackie, R.M., Hole, D., Audit of public education campaign to encourage earlier detection of malignant melanoma (1992) Br Med J, 304, pp. 1012-1015; 
(1992) Statement of Advice from COMARE to Health Departments: Health Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation, , COMARE, PL/CMO (92)5. London: Department of Health; 
Marks, R., Whiteman, D., Sunburn and melanoma: How strong is the evidence? (1994) Br Med J, 308, pp. 75-76; 
Kirkpatrick, C.S., Lee, J.A.H., White, E., Melanoma risk by age and socio-economic status (1990) Int J Cancer, 46, pp. 1-4; 
Chapman, S., Marks, R., King, M., Trends in tans and skin protection in Australian fashion magazines, 1982 through 1991 (1992) Am J Public Health, 82, pp. 1677-1680; 
Office of Population Censuses and Surveys and Cancer Research Campaign (1981) Cancer Statistics: Incidence, Survival and Mortality in England and Wales, (43). , Studies on Medical and Population Subjects, London: HMSO; 
Heenan, P.J., English, D.R., D’arcy, J., Holman, C., Armstrong, B.K., Survival among patients with clinical stage I cutaneous malignant melanoma diagnosed in Western Australia in 1975/1976 and 1980/1981 (1991) Cancer, 68, pp. 2079-2087; 
Jatoi, I., Gore, M., Sex, pregnancy, hormones, and melanoma (1993) Br Med J, 307, pp. 2-3; 
Mark, R., Hill, D., (1992) The Public Health Approach to Melanoma Control: Prevention and Early Detection, , Geneva: UICC; 
Ellman, R., Screening for melanoma in the UK (1991) Cancer Screening, pp. 257-266. , Miller A B, Chamberlain J, Day N E, Hackam, M, Prorok P C (eds), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 
Koh, H.K., Miller, D.R., Geller, A.C., Lew, R.A., Rampen, F.H.T., Screening for melanoma and other skin cancers (1992) Clinics Dermatol, 10, pp. 97-103; 
Hill, D., White, M.A., Marks, R., Theobald, T., Borland, R., Roy, C., Melanoma prevention: Behavioural and non-behavioural factors in sunburn among an Australian urban population (1992) Prev Med, 21, pp. 654-669; 
Cody, R., Lee, C., Behaviours, beliefs and intentions in skin cancer prevention (1990) J Behav Med, 13, pp. 373-389; 
Cameron, I.H., McGuire, C., Are you dying to get a suntan?—the pre- and post-campaign survey results (1990) Health Educ J, 49, pp. 166-170; 
Cristofolini, M., Bianchi, R., Boi, S., Effectiveness of the health campaign for die early diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma in Trentino, Italy (1993) J Derm Surg Onc, 19, pp. 117-120; 
Melia, J., Ellman, R., Coleman, D., Sloane, J., Chamberlain, J., (1992) Evaluation of a Campaign to Promote the Earty Detection of Malignant Melanoma in England and Scotland, pp. 26-29. , International Epidemiological Association. Thirteenth Scientific meeting, Sydney, Australia, September, Abs; 
Melia, J., Ellman, R., Chamberlain, J., Preventing melanoma (1993) Br Med J, 307, pp. 737-738; 
(1977) Mortality Statistics: Cause (1974-1992), , Series DH2 (1-19). London: HMSO; 
(1951) Registrar General’s Statistical Review of England and Wales, , London: HMSO; 
(1979) Cancer Statistics: Registrations (1971-1989), , Series MBI (1—22). London: HMSO; 
Clayton, D.G., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. I: Age-period and age-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 449-467; 
(1978) Registrar General’s Decennial Supplement, Occupational Mortality, Great Britain 1970-72, (1). , Series DS, London: HMSO; 
(1986) Registrar General’s Decennial Supplement, Occupational Mortality, Great Britain 1979—80, (6). , 1982-83. Series DS, London: HMSO; 
Roush, G.C., Schymura, M.J., Holford, T.R., Patterns of invasive melanoma in the Connecticut Tumor Registry. Is the longterm increase real? (1988) Cancer, 61, pp. 2586-2595; 
Van Der Esch, E.P., Muir, C.S., Nectoux, J., Temporal change in diagnostic criteria as a cause of the increase of malignant melanoma over time is unlikely (1991) Int J Cancer, 47, pp. 483-490; 
Melia, J., Ellman, R., Chamberlain, J., Meeting the health of the nation target for skin cancer: Problems with timely prevention and monitoring trends (1994) J Public Health Med, 116, pp. 225-232; 
Bell, M., Beyl, C.M., Schopf, R.E., Schramm, P., Light exposure of the lower leg as a pathogenetic factor in the occurrence of malignant melanoma (1992) Dermatology, 185, pp. 257-261; 
Dennis, L.K., White, E., Lee, J.A.H., Recent cohort trends in malignant melanoma by anatomic site in the United States (1993) Cancer Causes and Control, 4, pp. 93-100; 
(1986) Morbidity Statistics from General Practice: Third National Study, , London: HMSO; 
Newman, S., Nichols, S., Freer, C., Izzard, L., How much do the public know about moles, skin cancer and malignant melanoma? (1988) Community Med, 4, pp. 351-357; 
Bonett, A., Roder, D., Esterman, A., Epidemiological features of melanoma in South Australia: Implications for cancer control (1989) Med J Aust, 151, pp. 502-509; 
(1993) Health of the Nation: One Year On, , London: HMSO; 
(1993) On the State of the Public Health, 1992. , London: HMSO; 
Whitehead, S.M., Wroughton, M.A., Elwood, J.M., Davison, J., Stewart, M., Effects of a health education campaign for the earlier diagnosis of melanoma (1989) Br J Cancer, 60, pp. 421-425; 
Mackie, R., Osterlind, A., Ruiter, D., Report on consensus meeting of the EORTC melanoma group on educational needs for primary and secondary prevention of melanoma in Europe (1991) Eur J Cancer, 27, pp. 1317-1323; 
Hersey, P., Sillar, R.W., Howe, C.G., Factors related to the presentation of patients with thick primary melanomas (1991) Med J Aust, 154, pp. 583-587; 
Flay, B.R., Mass media and smoking cessation: A critical review (1989) Am J Public Health, 77, pp. 153-160; 
EOS—Gallup Europe (1992) Europeans and the Sun: Connotations Attitudes— Behaviour, , Commission of the E C: July; 
(1991) Suncare Preparations, , London: Mintel International, May; 
(1992) British Market Research Bureau: Target Group Index, , Toiletries —men; 18. London: British Market Research Bureau; 
(1992) British Market Research Bureau: Target Group Index, , Cosmetics and Toiletries—women; 20. London. British Market Research Bureau
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028972949&doi=10.1093%2fije%2f24.5.897&partnerID=40&md5=8030bd00bc1ce54e3b270b1a4d9f1e59
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Blood pressure and smoking: Observations on a national cohort
T2  - Archives of Disease in Childhood
J2  - ARCH. DIS. CHILD.
VL  - 73
IS  - 4
SP  - 294
EP  - 297
PY  - 1995
DO  - 10.1136/adc.73.4.294
SN  - 00039888 (ISSN) 
AU  - Charlton, A.
AU  - While, D.
AD  - School Epidemiology/Health Sciences, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
AB  - The reasons why adult smokers have lower blood pressure than non-smokers have not been determined. It is possible that low blood pressure might precede the onset of smoking. This study investigates this hypothesis in a national cohort study in Britain. Blood pressures and pulse rates taken on a sample of 5019 members of the British Birth Cohort Study (BCS 70) at the age of 10 years were analysed in relation to self reported smoking behaviour at age 16+ years. Prospectively, those children who had lower diastolic blood pressure or pulse rate at age 10 were more likely to have smoked by age 16+ years. Using analysis of variance, pulse rate was significantly related to smoking in young men (p<0.001). Seventy per cent of those with lower pulse (below the 10th centile), 58% with medium pulse, and 52% with the higher pulse (above the 90th centile) had ever smoked by age 16+ years. In young women, pulse rate (p=0.003), diastolic pressure (p=0.024), and systolic pressure (p=0.032) at age 10 were all significantly related to smoking at age 16. This longitudinal study found that lower blood pressure and slower pulse rate were related to the onset of smoking in children. More research is needed on this new observation.
KW  - Blood pressure
KW  - Pulse rate
KW  - Smoking
KW  - adolescent
KW  - article
KW  - blood pressure
KW  - diastolic blood pressure
KW  - female
KW  - heart rate
KW  - human
KW  - hypothesis
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - male
KW  - normal human
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prospective study
KW  - school child
KW  - smoking
PB  - BMJ Publishing Group
N1  - Cited By :7
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ADCHA
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Charlton, A.; School Epidemiology/Health Sciences, Stopford Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028875097&doi=10.1136%2fadc.73.4.294&partnerID=40&md5=8ca53d019990101246eadbd99e60e2fe
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Asthma, enuresis, and chronic illness: Long term impact on height
T2  - Archives of Disease in Childhood
J2  - ARCH. DIS. CHILD.
VL  - 73
IS  - 4
SP  - 298
EP  - 304
PY  - 1995
DO  - 10.1136/adc.73.4.298
SN  - 00039888 (ISSN) 
AU  - Power, C.
AU  - Manor, O.
AD  - Epidemiology/Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, Guilford St., London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective - To determine whether common conditions in early childhood, such as asthma and psychosocial illness (mainly enuresis), affect height during later childhood and in adult life. Design - Longitudinal follow up of subjects in the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study. Data from the birth survey and ages 7, 11, 16, and 23 were used. Subjects - 12 537 subjects remaining in the study at age 23, representing 76% of the target population, cohort members still alive and resident in Britain. Results - Heights of children with allergic, acute or psychosomatic illness, or asthma/wheezy bronchitis did not differ by age 7 from those of children without such illnesses. When asthma was graded by severity, there was a trend (not significant) for the severe group to be shorter at ages 16 and 23. Although children with a chronic illness by age 7 were on average almost 0.5 cm shorter than children without such illnesses, this difference was reduced by half and was not significant after adjusting for maternal height, birth weight, parity, and social class at birth. However, a marked and long lasting effect was found for children with psychosocial illness who at age 7 were significantly shorter, by a mean of 0.77 cm. Within this group, enuretic children with a problem at age 11 were more than 1 cm shorter in adulthood, even allowing for other height related factors. Conclusions - Common childhood illnesses do not appear to affect height, either in the short or in the long term, although exceptions include chronic illness and enuresis. The value of height as an indicator of child health status in an industrialised country such as Britain requires further reassessment.
KW  - Asthma
KW  - Childhood illness
KW  - Enuresis
KW  - Height
KW  - Longitudinal study
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - asthma
KW  - body height
KW  - chronic disease
KW  - enuresis
KW  - growth
KW  - health status
KW  - human
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - priority journal
KW  - psychosocial disorder
KW  - school child
PB  - BMJ Publishing Group
N1  - Cited By :25
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ADCHA
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Power, C.; Epidemiology/Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health, Guilford St., London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028803443&doi=10.1136%2fadc.73.4.298&partnerID=40&md5=a3da346fabc0fa0a3c5033115742043f
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Self-reported versus measured height, weight and body mass index amongst 16 - 17 year old British teenagers
T2  - International Journal of Obesity
J2  - INT. J. OBES.
VL  - 19
IS  - 8
SP  - 579
EP  - 584
PY  - 1995
SN  - 03070565 (ISSN) 
AU  - Crawley, H.
AU  - Portides, G.
AD  - Stat Operat Res Probab Meth Res Grp, The University of North London, Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, United Kingdom
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships between reported and measured height and weight in a teenage population group, and to assess the impact this may have on estimates of overweight. DESIGN: Data were taken from a sample of teenagers from the 1970 Birth Cohort Study. Multivariate normal regression was used to model differences between self-reported and measured height and weight, using both BMI and a number of other personal and demographic variables to examine influences on reporting differences. RESULTS: Tall, thin individuals were more likely to under-report their height and shorter, fatter individuals to overestimate their height and under-estimate their weight. Self-reported height and weight data when used to calculate BMI would result in a lower estimate of overweight teenagers. Self-assessment of body fatness, (but no other personal or demographic variable), was influential on the height and weight reporting of females in this study. CONCLUSION: Self-reported height and weight data from a teenage population should be used with caution, particularly if classifying individuals by BMI or when using weight measurements to estimate energy requirements.
KW  - Body image
KW  - Body mass index
KW  - Generalised linear modelling
KW  - Height
KW  - Teenagers
KW  - Weight
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - body height
KW  - body mass
KW  - body weight
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - multivariate analysis
KW  - normal human
KW  - obesity
KW  - priority journal
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - self concept
KW  - self report
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Aging
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Body Mass Index
KW  - Body Weight
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Life Style
KW  - Linear Models
KW  - Male
KW  - Multivariate Analysis
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Self Concept
KW  - Self Disclosure
N1  - Cited By :72
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJOBD
C2  - 7489030
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Crawley, H.; Stat Operat Res Probab Meth Res Grp, The University of North London, Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029027998&partnerID=40&md5=9cec899ce7e9e6c8cd4de08631916e5e
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Trends in incidence of testicular cancer in Norway 1955-1992
T2  - European Journal of Cancer
J2  - Eur. J. Cancer
VL  - 31
IS  - 12
SP  - 2044
EP  - 2048
PY  - 1995
DO  - 10.1016/0959-8049(95)00321-5
SN  - 09598049 (ISSN) 
AU  - Wanderås, E.H.
AU  - Tretli, S.
AU  - Fossra, S.D.
AD  - The Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute for Epidemiological Cancer Research, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway
AD  - The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway
AB  - The aim of this study was to explore the incidence of testicular cancer (TC) in Norway, and thereby to increase the understanCling of aetiological factors. From 1955 to 1992, a total number of 3927 TC cases were recorded in Norway, of which 51% were seminomas, 45% non-seminomas and 4% other and unspecified types. The age-standardised incidence rate increased from 2.7 to 8.5 per 100000. The age-specific incidence rate increased in all age groups, but was most marked in the younger population. The significance of birth cohort as a risk factor for development of TC was confirmed. The incidence by birth cohorts from 1916 to 1970 showed an increase by later birth cohorts during the whole period, with the exception of a marked fall for the cohort born during the Second World War. The largest increase occurred after the war. We conclude that environmental factors acting very early in life are of significance in the development of TC. © 1995.
KW  - aetiology
KW  - birth cohort-effect
KW  - environment
KW  - incidence
KW  - Norway
KW  - registries
KW  - risk factors
KW  - testicular-neoplasms-epidemiology
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cancer registry
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - male
KW  - non seminomatous germinoma
KW  - norway
KW  - priority journal
KW  - seminoma
KW  - testis cancer
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Aged
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Norway
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Seminoma
KW  - Testicular Neoplasms
N1  - Cited By :86
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EJCAE
C2  - 8562163
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Wanderås, E.H.
N1  - References: Parkin, Muir, Whelan, Gao, Ferlay, Powell, (1992) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, 120, pp. 972-973. , 2nd edn., VI. IARC Scientific publications; 
Schottenfeld, Warshauer, Sherlock, Zauber, Leder, Payne, The epidemiology of testicular cancer in young adults (1980) Am J Epidemiol, 112, pp. 232-246; 
Giwercman, Grindsted, Hansen, Jensen, Skakkebaek, Testicular cancer risk in boys with maldescended testis. A cohort study (1987) J Urol, 138, pp. 1214-1216; 
Prener, Chung-cheng, Engholm, Trichopoulos, Jensen, Birth order and risk of testicular cancer (1992) Cancer Causes Control, 3, pp. 265-272; 
Rajpert-De-Meyts, Skakkebaek, The possible role of sex hormones in the development of testicular cancer (1993) Eur Urol, 23, pp. 54-61. , (Review); 
Walker, Bernstein, Warren, Warner, Zheng, Henderson, The effect of in utero ethinyl oestradiol exposure on the risk of cryptorchid testis and testicular teratoma in mice (1990) Br J Cancer, 62, pp. 599-622; 
Forman, Gallagher, Møller, Swerdlow, Aetiology and epidemiology of testicular cancer: report of the Consensus Group (1990) EORTC Genitourinary Group Monograph 7: Prostate Cancer and Testicular Cancer, pp. 245-253. , (Review); 
Møller, Clues to the aetiology of testicular germ cell tumours from descriptive epidemiology (1993) Eur Urol, 23, pp. 8-15; 
Doll, Payne, Waterhouse, (1966) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, , 2nd edn., UICC, Springer, Berlin; 
Adami, Bergström, Möhner, Testicular cancer in nine northern European countries (1994) Int J Cancer, 59, pp. 33-38; 
Bergström R, Adami HO, Möhner M, et al. Increase in testicular cancer incidence in six European countries; a birth cohort phenomenon (submitted); Central Bureau of Statistics, (1949) Statistical Survey 1948, , Oslo; 
Strøm, Examination into the diet of Norwegian families during the war-years 1942–1945 (1948) Acta Med Scand, 214, pp. 3-47. , (suppl); 
Hansen, Food conditions in Norway during the War, 1939–1945 (1947) Proc Nutr Soc, 5, pp. 263-270. , 2nd edn; 
Barbosa, Schultz, Filley, Nieman, The relationship among adiposity diet and hormone concentrations in vegetarian and nonvegetarian postmenopausal women (1990) Am J Clin Nutr, 51, pp. 798-803; 
Bennet, Ingram, Diet and female sex hormone concentrations: an intervention study for the type of fat consumed (1990) Am J Nutr, 52, pp. 808-812; 
Brown, Pottern, Hoover, Testicular cancer in young men: the search for causes of the epidemic increase in the United States (1987) J Epidemiol Community Health, 41, pp. 349-354; 
Coldman, Elwood, Gallagher, Sports activities and risk of testicular cancer (1982) Br J Cancer, 46, pp. 749-756; 
Rønneberg, Hafstad, Lund, Røykevaner siden 1910 blant norske menn og kvinner født etter 1890 (1994) Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 114, pp. 1623-1626; 
Central, (1988) Bametall i ekteskap. Rapporter 88/21, , 2nd edn., Kongsvinger, Oslo; 
Bernstein, Depue, Ross, Judd, Pike, Henderson, Higher maternal levels of free estradiol in first compared to second pregnancy: early gestational differences (1986) J Natl Cancer Inst, 76, pp. 1035-1039; 
Panagiotopoulou, Katsouyanni, Petridou, Garas, Tzonou, Trichopoulos, Maternal age, parity and pregnancy estrogens (1990) Cancer Causes Control, 1, pp. 119-124; 
Central Bureau of Statistics. Historical Statistics 1978. Oslo-Norway, p52, tbl.17; Roychowdhury, Reproductive hazards in the work environment (1990) Professional Safety, 35, pp. 17-22; 
McLachlan, Korach, Newbold, Degen, Diethylstilboestrol and other estrogens in the environment (1984) Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, 4, pp. 686-691
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029559623&doi=10.1016%2f0959-8049%2895%2900321-5&partnerID=40&md5=2a63fb6e87463245a911d9b1c811c599
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Treatment and survival in 13560 patients with pancreatic cancer, and incidence of the disease, in the West Midlands: An epidemiological study
T2  - British Journal of Surgery
J2  - Br. J. Surg.
VL  - 82
IS  - 1
SP  - 111
EP  - 115
PY  - 1995
DO  - 10.1002/bjs.1800820137
SN  - 00071323 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bramhall, S.R.
AU  - Allum, W.H.
AU  - Jones, A.G.
AU  - Allwood, A.
AU  - Cummins, C.
AU  - Neoptolemos, J.P.
AD  - Academic Department of Surgery, University of Birmingham, City Hospital, Dudley Road, Birmingham, B18 7QH, United Kingdom
AD  - Academic Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, B15 2TH, United Kingdom
AD  - University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
AD  - West Midlands Cancer Registry, Birmingham, B15 2TH, United Kingdom
AB  - The trends in treatment and outcome of 13560 patients with pancreatic cancer, and in incidence of the disease, in the West Midlands health region were determined between 1957 and 1986 using data from the West Midlands Region Cancer Registry. Patients were divided into those diagnosed in the first 20 years (19570–1976, n = 7888) and the most recent 10 years (1977–1986, n = 5672). The disease was more common in men and the incidence increased up to 1970 after which it levelled off. In the 1977–1986 period a lower proportion of patients had laparotomy alone (825 (14·5 per cent) versus 1552 (19·7 per cent)), a similar proportion had bypass surgery (2010 (35·4 per cent) versus 2760 (35·0 per cent)), while a greater proportion had supportive care (2710 (47·8 per cent) versus 3368 (42·7 per cent)) but the resection rates were the same (145 (2·6 per cent) versus 208 (2·6 per cent)). The 30‐day mortality rates between the two periods unproved for resection (40 (27·6 per cent) versus 94 (45·2 per cent)), bypass surgery (436 (21·7 percent) versus 691 (25·0 per cent)) and laparotomy (372 (45·1 per cent) versus 873 (56·3 per cent)). The 12‐month survival rate for bypass did not significantly differ during the study (14·9 per cent versus 12·4 per cent) but there was a significant improvement in the 5‐year survival for resection (9·7 per cent versus 2·6 per cent, P < 0·015). The resection rates were low and 30‐day mortality rates for surgery were high compared with those of other published series. Copyright © 1995 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd.
KW  - article
KW  - cancer survival
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - laparotomy
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - pancreas cancer
KW  - priority journal
KW  - treatment outcome
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Actuarial Analysis
KW  - Adenocarcinoma
KW  - Aged
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Laparotomy
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Pancreatic Neoplasms
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Survival Rate
N1  - Cited By :449
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 7881926
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Neoptolemos, J.P.; Department of Surgery - W4, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TH, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Gordis, L, Gold, EB, Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer (1984) World J Surg, 81, pp. 808-821; 
Hirayama, T, Epidemiology of pancreatic cancer in Japan (1989) Jpn J Clin Oncol, 19, pp. 208-215; 
Haddock, G, Carter, DC, Aetiology of pancreatic cancer (1990) Br J Surg, 77, pp. 1159-1166; 
(1992) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, 6. , Parkin DM, Muir CS, Whelan SL, Gao Y‐T, Ferlay J, Powell J, Lyon, International Agency for Research on Cancer,. (IARC scientific publications no. 120.); 
Crile, G, Jr, Isbister, WH, Hawk, WA, Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater and the terminal bile and pancreatic ducts (1970) Surg Gynecol Obstet, 131, pp. 1052-1054; 
Carter, DC, Surgery for pancreatic cancer (1980) BMJ, 1, pp. 744-746; 
Russell, RCG, Surgical resection for cancer of the pancreas (1990) Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol, 4, pp. 889-916; 
Gall, FP, Kessler, H, Hermanek, P, Surgical treatment of ductal pancreatic carcinoma (1991) Eur J Surg Oncol, 17, pp. 173-181; 
Baumel, H, Huguier, M, Manderscheid, JC, Fabre, JM, Houry, S, Fagot, H, Results of resection for cancer of the exocrine pancreas: a study from the French Association of Surgery (1994) Br J Surg, 81, pp. 102-107; 
Bakkevold, KE, Arnesjo, B, Kambestad, B, Carcinoma of the pancreas and papilla of Vater ‐ assessment of resectability and factors influencing resectability in stage I carcinomas. A prospective multicentre trial in 472 patients (1992) Eur J Surg Oncol, 18, pp. 494-507; 
Trede, M, Schwall, G, Saeger, HD, Survival after pancreato‐duodenectomy. 118 resections without an operative mortality (1990) Ann Surg, 211, pp. 447-458; 
Manabe, T, Ohshio, G, Baba, N, Radical pancreatectomy for ductal carcinoma of the head of the pancreas (1989) Cancer, 64, pp. 1132-1137; 
Allen‐Mersh, TG, Earlam, RJ, Pancreatic cancer in England and Wales: surgeons look at epidemiology (1986) Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 68, pp. 154-158; 
Waterhouse, JAH, (1974) Cancer Handbook of Epidemiology and Prognosis, , Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone; 
Armitage, P, Berry, G, (1987) Statistical Methods in Medical Research, , 2nd ed., Oxford, Blackwell Scientific; 
Jennings, PE, Donald, JJ, Coral, A, Rode, S, Lees, WR, Ultrasound‐guided core biopsy (1989) Lancet, 1, pp. 1369-1371; 
de Rooij, PD, Rogatko, A, Brennan, MF, Evaluation of palliative surgical procedures in unresectable pancreatic cancer (1991) Br J Surg, 78, pp. 1053-1058; 
Siegel, JH, Snady, H, The significance of endoscopically placed prostheses in the management of biliary obstruction due to carcinoma of the pancreas: results of nonoperative decompression in 277 patients (1986) Am J Gastroenterol, 81, pp. 634-641; 
Thompson, JF, Walker, CJ, The management of pancreatic carcinoma: a review of 173 cases (1983) Aust N Z J Surg, 53, pp. 25-30; 
Ubhi, CS, Doran, J, Palliation for carcinoma of head of pancreas (1986) Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 68, pp. 159-162; 
Krain, LS, The rising incidence of carcinoma of the pancreas ‐ real or apparent? (1970) J Surg Oncol, 2, pp. 115-124; 
Watanapa, P, Williamson, RCN, Surgical palliation for pancreatic cancer: developments during the past two decades (1992) Br J Surg, 79, pp. 8-20; 
(1991) Mortality Statistics, , Office of Population Censuses and Surveys.,. Series DH1 no 25., London, HMSO; 
Crist, DW, Cameron, JL, The current status of the Whipple operation for periampullary carcinoma (1992) Adv Surg, 25, pp. 21-49; 
Willett, CG, Lewandrowski, K, Warshaw, AL, Efird, J, Compton, CC, Resection margins in carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Implications for radiation therapy (1993) Ann Surg, 217, pp. 144-148; 
(1980) Survival of Cancer Patients. Cases Diagnosed in Norway 1968–75, , Oslo, The Cancer Registry of Norway; 
Further evidence of effective adjuvant combined radiation and chemotherapy following curative resection of pancreatic cancer (1987) Cancer, 59, pp. 2006-2010
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028985078&doi=10.1002%2fbjs.1800820137&partnerID=40&md5=66cd127be7e2548ca1129676611b89ae
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The neurovascular tranquilli-leali flap
T2  - Journal of Hand Surgery
J2  - J. Hand Surg. (GBR)
VL  - 20
IS  - 6
SP  - 815
EP  - 823
PY  - 1995
DO  - 10.1016/S0266-7681(95)80055-7
SN  - 02667681 (ISSN) 
AU  - Elliot, D.
AU  - Moiemen, N.S.
AU  - Jigjinni, V.S.
AD  - North-East Thames Regional Plastic Surgery Unit, St Andrew's Hospital, Billericay, Essex, United Kingdom
AB  - A modification of the flap first described in 1935 by Tranquilli-Leali and described again by Atasoy et al (1970) is presented. The relative indications for use of the original and the modified flap are examined in the light of our experience of 116 flaps over a period of 4 years. © 1995 The British Society for Surgery of the Hand. All rights reserved.
KW  - article
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - neurovascular island flap
KW  - skin flap
KW  - surgical technique
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Finger Injuries
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Surgical Flaps
KW  - Wound Healing
N1  - Cited By :27
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JHASE
C2  - 8770749
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Elliot, D.; North-East Thames Regional Plastic Surgery Unit, St Andrew's Hospital, Billericay, Essex, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Atasoy, Ioakimidis, Kasdan, Kutz, Kleinert, Reconstruction of the amputated finger tip with a triangular volar flap (1970) Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 52 A (5), pp. 921-926; 
Evans, Martin, Step-advancement island flap for fingertip reconstruction (1988) British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 41 (2), pp. 105-111; 
Ishikawa, Ogawa, Soeda, Yoshida, A new classification of the amputated level for the distal part of the finger (1990) Journal of the Japan Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery, 3, p. 54; 
Lee, Lau, Chan, A simple and efficient treatment for fingertip injuries (1995) British Journal of Hand Surgery, 20 B (1), pp. 63-71; 
Lister, (1984) The Hand: Diagnosis and Indications, pp. 85-87. , (including illustrations from Tranquilli-Leali's original paper), Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh; 
Lister, (1984) The Hand: Diagnosis and Indications, pp. 120-123. , (including illustrations from Tranquilli-Leali's original paper), Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh; 
Lister, Advancement flaps (1991) Fingertip and Nailbed Injuries, pp. 52-61. , (including a complete translation of Transquilli-Leali's original paper into English), G. Foucher, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh; 
Mennen, Wiese, Fingertip injuries management with semiocclusive dressings (1993) Journal of Hand Surgery, 18 B (4), pp. 416-422; 
Ogo, Does the nail bed really regenerate? (1987) Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 80 (3), pp. 445-447. , (see also letter pertaining to this paper—Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, June 1988); 
Schuind, Van Genechten, Denuit, Merle, Foucher, Le lambeau en îlot homodactyle en chirurgie de la main: A propos de soixante cas (1985) Annales de Chirurgie de la Main, 4 (4), pp. 306-316; 
Segmüller, Modifikation des Kutler-Lappens: Neurovaskuläre Stielung (1976) Handchirurgie, 8, pp. 75-76; 
Tranquilli-Leali, Ricostruzione dell'apice delle falangi ungueali mediante autoplastica volare peduncolata per scorrimento (1935) Infort. Traum. Lavaro, 1, pp. 186-193; 
Venkataswami, Subramanian, Oblique triangular flap: A new method of repair for oblique amputations of the fingertip and thumb (1980) Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 66 (2), pp. 296-300; 
Verdan, Egloff, Fingertip injuries (1981) Surgical Clinics of North America, 61 (2), pp. 237-266
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Reproductive histories of coastal and inland women with and without exposure to methylmercury in Kumamoto
T2  - Japanese Journal of Hygiene
J2  - JPN. J. HYG.
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
SP  - 861
EP  - 866
PY  - 1995
DO  - 10.1265/jjh.50.861
SN  - 00215082 (ISSN) 
AU  - Inaoka, T.
AU  - Nagano, M.
AD  - Department of Public Health, Kumamoto University Sch. of Medicine, 2 2 1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860, Japan
AB  - To examine the difference in abnormal conception by region and generation and its possible causes in the town of Tsunagi, which experienced intensive methylmercury-pollution during the 1950s and 1960s, reproductive histories of 109 women in 3 coastal villages and 64 controls in 5 inland villages were obtained by visit- and interview-study in 1991. There were about 290 married women in respective regions. The subjects were divided into 4 age groups to form 10-year-birth cohorts from 1915 to 1954. The rate of sterility and those who had never become pregnant after marriage, did not differ between coastal (7.3%) and inland women (6.3%). The younger the birth cohort, the smaller the total number of conceptions. The rate of abnormal conception, i.e., abnormal conception (abortion + stillbirth) per normal conceptions (total number of conceptions number of artificial abortions), in the coastal women tended to increase after the 1960s with its peak (19%) in 1965-70. The rate in the inland women was already as high as 15% in 1945-50, and was constantly above 10% afterwards. However, it did not differ between the two groups during 1950-1970, when severe methylmercury-pollution occurred in the area. Breakdown of the abnormal conceptions in the inland women showed 4 stillbirths and 19 abortions, among the latter of which 16 were related to climbing up and down the hills to fetch water, hard agricultural work and agitation. The abnormal conceptions in the coastal women showed 3 stillbirths and 19 abortions. Sixteen of the latter were not related to any specific physical causes.
KW  - Abnormal conception
KW  - Methylmercury-pollution
KW  - Reproductive histories
KW  - methylmercury
KW  - abortion
KW  - article
KW  - conception
KW  - controlled study
KW  - demography
KW  - human
KW  - Japan
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - mercurialism
KW  - physical stress
KW  - seashore
KW  - stillbirth
PB  - Japanese Society for Hygiene
N1  - Cited By :2
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: NEZAA
C2  - 8538059
LA  - Japanese
N1  - Correspondence Address: Inaoka, T.; Department of Public Health, Kumamoto University Sch. of Medicine, 2 2 1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860, Japan
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: methylmercury, 16056-34-1, 593-74-8
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028841518&doi=10.1265%2fjjh.50.861&partnerID=40&md5=7ae4b4efdea5183c4bdedbc168925951
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Complications and survival of 315 patients with malignant-phase hypertension
T2  - Journal of Hypertension
J2  - J. Hypertens.
VL  - 13
IS  - 8
SP  - 915
EP  - 924
PY  - 1995
SN  - 02636352 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lip, G.Y.H.
AU  - Beevers, M.
AU  - Gareth Beevers, D.
AD  - University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective: To investigate the factors affecting survival in patients with malignant hypertension by analysing the prognosis of all of the patients referred to the City Hospital, Birmingham, with malignant hypertension since 1965. Results: We identified 315 patients with malignant hypertension (211 men, 104 women; mean age±SD 49.41±2.7 years). Of those patients, 219 were Caucasian, 55 were black and 41 were Asian. Black patients had greater renal impairment and higher blood pressures at presentation. After a median follow-up period of 33 months (range 1-389), 126 patients (40.0%) were still alive, 126 patients (40.0%) were dead, 10 patients (3.2%) were receiving chronic haemodialysis and 53 patients (16.8%) were lost to follow-up. Mean follow-up blood pressures in the patients who died were significantly higher than in those who lived. Median survival times for Caucasian, black and Asian patients were 121.0, 30.4 and 107.5 months, respectively, with the lowest survival time being that of black patients. There was a lower median survival time among patients with proteinuria and high serum urea (>10mmol/l) and creatinine (>200 µmol/l) levels at presentation and if left ventricular hypertrophy was detected on the electrocardiogram, but there was no difference in median survival time between those with and without haematuria, nor between non-smokers and current or former smokers. The most common causes of death were renal failure (39.7%), stroke (23.8%), myocardial infarction (11.1%) and heart failure (10.3%). Median survival times for the patients who presented before 1970, during 1970-1979 and during 1980-1989 were 39.2, 68.6 and 144.0+ months, respectively, demonstrating an improved survival time for the patients who were diagnosed after 1980. Using multivariate Cox’s proportional hazards analyses, the duration of known hypertension and serum urea level at presentation were found to be the main predictors of survival. Conclusion: Malignant hypertension remains a disease with a poor overall prognosis, namely progression to death or chronic renal haemodialysis. The prognosis has improved with recent advances in therapy, with a 5-year survival of 74% of patients. The poor outlook for black patients could be explained by their late presentation with severe hypertension and the higher prevalence of renal impairment in this group. © Lippincott-Raven Publishers.
KW  - Malignant hypertension
KW  - Survival
KW  - creatinine
KW  - urea
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - blood pressure measurement
KW  - caucasian
KW  - cause of death
KW  - creatinine blood level
KW  - disease duration
KW  - ethnic group
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - heart failure
KW  - heart infarction
KW  - heart left ventricle hypertrophy
KW  - hematuria
KW  - hemodialysis
KW  - human
KW  - kidney disease
KW  - kidney failure
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - malignant hypertension
KW  - mortality
KW  - negro
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prognosis
KW  - proteinuria
KW  - smoking
KW  - stroke
KW  - survival time
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - urea blood level
KW  - Adult
KW  - Antihypertensive Agents
KW  - Electrocardiography
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Hypertension, Malignant
KW  - Kidney
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Proportional Hazards Models
KW  - Proteinuria
KW  - Racial Stocks
KW  - Radiography, Thoracic
KW  - Retinal Diseases
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Survival Analysis
N1  - Cited By :115
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 8557970
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lip, G.Y.H.; University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Dudley Road, Birmingham, B18 7QH, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Antihypertensive Agents
N1  - References: Keith, N.M., Wagener, H.P., Barker, N.W., Some different types of essential hypertension: Their course and prognosis (1939) Am J Med Sci, 196, pp. 332-339; 
Leishman, A., Hypertension — treated and untreated: A study of 400 cases (1959) BMJ, 1, pp. 1361-1363; 
Clough, C.G., Beevers, D.G., Beevers, M., The survival of malignant hypertension in blacks, whites and Asians in Britain (1990) J Hum Hypertens, 4, pp. 94-96; 
Kincaid-Smith, P., Malignant hypertension (1991) J Hypertens, 9, pp. 893-899; 
Ahmed, M., Walker, J.M., Beevers, D.G., Beevers, M., Lack of difference betwen malignant and accelerated hypertension (1986) BMJ, 292, pp. 235-237; 
McGregor, E., Isles, C.G., Jay, J.L., Lever, A.F., Murray, G.D., Retinal changes in malignant hypertension (1986) BMJ, 292, pp. 233-234; 
Guelpa, G., Luesko, M., Chaignon, M., Guedon, J., Malignant arterial hypertension, symptomatic and prognostic aspect. Retrospective study of 140 observations [in French] (1984) Schweiz Med Wochenschr, 114, pp. 1870-1877; 
Gudbrandsson, T., Hansson, L., Herlitz, H., Ren, L., Malignant hypertension. Improving prognosis in a rare disease (1979) Acta Med Scand, 206, pp. 495-499; 
Webster, J., Petrie, J.C., Jeffers, T.A., Lovell, H.G., Accelerated hypertension — patterns of mortality and clinical factors affecting outcome in treated patients (1993) Q J Med, 86, pp. 485-493; 
Lip, G., Beevers, M., Beevers, D.G., The failure of malignant hypertension to decline: A survey of 24 years’ experience (1994) J Hypertens, 12, pp. 1297-1305; 
Norusis, M.J., (1990) SPSS Advanced Statistics User’s Guide, , Chicago: SPSS Inc; 
(1990) EGRET, , Seattle: Statistics and Epidemiology Research Corporation; 
Sokolow, M., Lyon, T.P., The ventricular complex in left ventricular hypertrophy as observed by unipolar and limb leads (1949) Am Heart J, 37, pp. 161-186; 
Kincaid Smith, P., What has happened to malignant hypertension? (1985) Handbook of Hypertension, pp. 255-265. , Bulpitt CJ. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 
Jhetam, D., Dansey, R., Morar, C., Milne, F.J., The malignant phase of essential hypertension in Johannesburg blacks (1982) Sair Med J, 61, pp. 899-902; 
Veriava, Y., Du Toit, E., Lawley, C.G., Milne, F.J., Reinach, S.G., Hypertension as a cause of end-stage renal failure in South Africa (1990) J Hum Hypertens, 4, pp. 379-383; 
Hood, B., Orndahl, G., Djork, S., Survival and mortality in malignant (Grade IV) and grade III hypertension (1970) Acta Med Scand, 187, pp. 291-302; 
Kawazoe, N., Eto, T., Abe, I., Takishita, S., Ueno, M., Kobayashi, K., Long-term prognosis of malignant hypertension; difference between underlying diseases such as essential hypertension and chronic glomerulonephritis (1988) Clin Nephrol, 29, pp. 53-57; 
Materson, B.J., Reda, D.J., Cushman, W.C., Massie, B.M., Freis, E.D., Kochar, M.S., Single-drug therapy for hypertension in men. A comparison of six antihypertensive agents with placebo (1993) N Engl J Med, 328, pp. 914-921; 
Saunders, E., Weir, M.R., Kong, B.W., Hollifield, J., Gray, J., Vertes, V., A comparison of the efficacy and safety of a β-blocker, a calcium-channel blocker and a converting enzyme inhibitor in hypertensive blacks (1990) Arch Intern Med, 150, pp. 1707-1713; 
Isles, C., Brown, J.J., Cumming, A., Lever, A.F., McAreavey, D., Robertson, J., Excess smoking in malignant-phase hypertension (1979) BMJ, 1, pp. 579-581; 
Breckenridge, A.M., Dollery, C.T., Parry, E.H., Prognosis of treated hypertension. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death between 1952and 1967 (1970) Q J Med, 39, pp. 129-411; 
Yu, S.H., Whitworth, J.A., Kincard-Smith, P.S., Malignant hypertension: Aetiology and outcome in 83 patients (1986) Clin Exp Hypertens [A], 8, pp. 1211-1230; 
Guerin, C., Gonthier, R., Berthoux, F.C., Long-term prognosis in malignant or accelerated hypertension (1988) Nephrol Dial Transplant, 3, pp. 33-37; 
Pohl, J., Thurston, H., Swales, J.D., Hypertension with renal impairment: Influence of intensive therapy (1974) Q J Med, 43, pp. 569-581; 
Lawton, W.J., The short term course of renal function in malignant hypertensives with renal insufficiency (1982) Clin Nephrol, 17, pp. 277-283; 
Herlitz, H., Gudbrandsson, T., Hansson, L., Renal function as an indicator of prognosis in malignant essential hypertension (1982) Scand) Urol Nephrol, 16, pp. 51-55; 
Isles, C.G., Malignant hypertension and hypertensive encephalopathy (1994) Textbook of Hypertension, pp. 1233-1248. , Swales JD. Oxford: Churchill Livingstone; 
Lip, G., Gammage, M.D., Beevers, D.G., Hypertension and the heart (1994) Br Med Bull, 50, pp. 299-321; 
Bloxham, C.A., Beevers, D.G., Walker, J.M., Malignant hypertension and cigarette smoking (1979) BMJ, 1, pp. 581-583; 
George, L.M., Maddock, K., Accuracy of hospital activity notifications for infectious diseases (1979) BMJ, 1, pp. 1332-1339
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Reliability of visual acuity measurements and screening under Field conditions
T2  - Ophthalmic Epidemiology
J2  - Ophthalmic Epidemiol.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
SP  - 99
EP  - 106
PY  - 1995
DO  - 10.3109/09286589509057089
SN  - 09286586 (ISSN) 
AU  - Hawkins, B.S.
AD  - The Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute and Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
AB  - Purpose: The purpose of this analysis was to investigate the reliability of visual acuity screening and measurements made under field conditions when standardization of all test conditions is not possible. Setting and Methods: In the Washington County Follow-Up Eye Study conducted in 1985 among cases of ocular histoplasmosis and controls from the same community who had been selected in 1970, a primary goal was to obtain a current visual acuity measurement of each eye of each participant in order to assess 15-year changes in visual acuity. Both visual acuity screening and measurement were accomplished on two separate occasions and in two separate locations (home or workplace and clinic) for 308 eyes and 317 eyes, respectively, of 161 participants. Screening was used to classify the visual acuity as 20/40 or better, worse than 20/40 but at least 20/160, or worse than 20/160. Screening and measurement were accomplished on at least one occasion for the eyes of 192 of 216 eligible individuals. Results: Among 308 eyes screened twice, 289 (94%were classified identically (k̂equals;=0.80). Among 317 eyes with visual acuity measured on two occasions, the measurements were within two lines for 305 eyes (96%; k̂ = 0.50). Among eyes for which classifications of visual acuity from screening and measurement could be compared, 325 (96%of 340 assessed at home and 326 (96%of 338 assessed in clinic were classified in the same way (k̂ = 0.86 and 0.88, respectively). Conclusion: Despite the unavoidable lack of standardization of test conditions when visual acuity was screened and measured in the home or workplace, the results were highly reliable when compared with visual acuity testing in the clinic under standard conditions. © 1995 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Field studies
KW  - Reliability
KW  - Visual acuity
KW  - Washington County Follow-Up Eye Study
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - eye infection
KW  - follow up
KW  - histoplasmosis
KW  - human
KW  - pathophysiology
KW  - physiology
KW  - reproducibility
KW  - United States
KW  - vision test
KW  - visual acuity
KW  - visual disorder
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Eye Infections, Fungal
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Histoplasmosis
KW  - Human
KW  - Maryland
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
KW  - Vision Disorders
KW  - Vision Tests
KW  - Visual Acuity
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :10
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: OPEPF
C2  - 7585241
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hawkins, B.S.; Clinical Trials and Biometry, 550 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
N1  - References: Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Moss, S.E., DeMets, D., Inter-observer variation in refraction and visual acuity measurement using a standardized protocol (1983) Ophthalmology, 90, pp. 1357-1359; 
Blackhurst, D.W., Maguire, M.G., Reproducibility of refraction and visual acuity measurement under a standard protocol (1989) Retina, 9 (3), pp. 163-169. , Macular Photocoagulation Study Group; 
Klein, R., Klein, B.E.K., Linton, D.L.P., DeMets, D.L., The Beaver Dam Eye Study: Visual acuity (1991) Ophthalmology, 93 (8), pp. 1310-1315; 
Hawkins, B.S., Ganley, J.P., Risk of visual acuity impairment attributable to ocular histoplasmosis (1994) Arch Ophthalmol, 112, pp. 655-666; 
Ganley, J.P., Epidemiologic characteristics of presumed ocular histoplasmosis (1973) Acta Ophthalmologica, (119), pp. 1-63; 
Ederer, F., Krueger, D.E., Mowery, R.L., Connett, J., Wentworth, D., Lessons from the Visual Acuity Impairment Survey pilot study (1986) Am J Publ Health, 76 (2), pp. 160-165
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sclerosing mediastinitis: A report on 18 cases
T2  - Thorax
J2  - THORAX
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
SP  - 280
EP  - 283
PY  - 1995
DO  - 10.1136/thx.50.3.280
SN  - 00406376 (ISSN) 
AU  - Mole, T.M.
AU  - Glover, J.
AU  - Sheppard, M.N.
AD  - Department of Pathology, Royal Brompton Nat. Heart/Long Hosp., London SW3 6NP, United Kingdom
AB  - Background - Sclerosing mediastinitis is a rare condition which causes dense fibrosis of the mediastinum. Few large studies have been reported to date. The clinical and pathological features of cases have been studied in a specialist referral centre in the UK. Methods - The pathological files of the Royal Brompton Hospital were examined and 18 cases of sclerosing mediastinitis were identified between 1970 and 1993. The clinical notes were obtained and the pathological specimens analysed. Results - There were 12 men and six women of age range 9-64 years. Twelve patients presented with shortness of breath, six had haemoptysis, three had hoarseness, four had pleuritic chest pain, three general weakness, two had dysphagia, and one was asymptomatic. Nine patients had a previous history of pulmonary tuberculosis. Two had autoimmune disease - one rheumatoid arthritis and the other systemic lupus erythematosus. There were three cases of previous malignancy - two undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung and the other Hodgkin's disease. Serological tests revealed only one positive reaction to Histoplasma. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum immunoglobulins were raised in nine patients. Diagnosis was usually by thoracotomy with biopsy. All cases had fibrosis and chronic inflammation with no active granulomas. No infective organisms or positive cultures were obtained in any case. Ten of the 18 cases are alive up to 15 years after diagnosis, with only two deaths and six lost to follow up. Conclusions - Sclerosing mediastinitis is a slowly progressive condition associated with previous tuberculosis, mediastinal malignancy, and autoimmune disease. The outlook is excellent for those cases without underlying malignancy.
KW  - autoimmune disease
KW  - histoplasmosis
KW  - sclerosing mediastinitis
KW  - tuberculosis
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - autoimmunity
KW  - clinical article
KW  - clinical feature
KW  - computer assisted tomography
KW  - etiology
KW  - female
KW  - fibrosis
KW  - follow up
KW  - histoplasmosis
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - mediastinitis
KW  - mediastinum cancer
KW  - priority journal
KW  - school child
KW  - sclerosis
KW  - tuberculosis
PB  - BMJ Publishing Group
N1  - Cited By :67
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: THORA
C2  - 7660343
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Sheppard, N.; Department of Pathology, Royal Brompton Nat. Heart/Long Hosp., London SW3 6NP, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028897472&doi=10.1136%2fthx.50.3.280&partnerID=40&md5=d37a2f1dc8d3c728829171c6bce0eb95
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Timing of first fillings on different permanent tooth surfaces in finnish schoolchildren
T2  - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica
J2  - Acta Odontol. Scand.
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
SP  - 287
EP  - 292
PY  - 1995
DO  - 10.3109/00016359509005989
SN  - 00016357 (ISSN) 
AU  - Virtanen, J.I.
AU  - Larmas, M.A.
AD  - Department of Preventive Dentistry and Cariology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
AB  - The timing of the placement of first fillings because of caries on different permanent tooth surfaces was determined at three health centers in Finland. The 927 subjects analyzed were born either in 1970-71 or in 1980-81. Basically, two different types of filling placement site were identified: 1) fissures and pits and 2) proximal and smooth surfaces. In some fissures and pits a 'post-eruptive step'mdash;that is, fillings placed in the year of emergence-was observed. This step had decreased markedly in the cohort born in 1980-81. The curves plateaued (retardation phase) at 50-60% for the occlusal surfaces in first molars for the children born in 1970-71 and at 20-30% for the younger cohort. The time without any filling varied from 1 to 7 years on smooth surfaces, and some surfaces remained totally filling-free. The filling placement curves followed the pattern of caries attack and can thus be used as an indicator of dental health. © 1995 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Filling
KW  - Permanent tooth surface
KW  - adolescent
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - clinical trial
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - dental caries
KW  - dental surgery
KW  - female
KW  - Finland
KW  - health
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - incisor
KW  - male
KW  - molar tooth
KW  - multicenter study
KW  - time
KW  - tooth
KW  - tooth eruption
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Dental Caries
KW  - Dental Fissures
KW  - Dental Restoration, Permanent
KW  - DMF Index
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - Humans
KW  - Incisor
KW  - Male
KW  - Molar
KW  - Rural Health
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Tooth
KW  - Tooth Eruption
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :14
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AOSCA
C2  - 8553804
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Virtanen, J.I.; Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Aapistie 3, SF-90220, Oulu, Finland
N1  - References: Virtanen, J.I., Bloigu, R.S., Larmas, M.A., Timing of eruption of permanent teeth: Standard Finnish patient documents (1994) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 22, pp. 286-288; 
Larmas, M.A., Virtanen, J.I., Bloigu, R.S., Timing of first restorations in permanent teeth: A new system for oral health determination (1995) J Dent, , In press; 
National Board of Health (1993) Oral health in Finland 1991. Stakes reports 115, , Stakes, Helsinki; 
SAS Institute Inc. (1988) SAS® language guide for personal computers, release 6.03 edition, , SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC; 
Gardner, M.J., Altman, D.G., (1989) Statistics with confidence: Confidence intervals and statistical guidelines, , British Medical Journal, London; 
Gahnberg, L., Birring, E., Kullander, K., Ganea, I., Asp, E., Evaluation of manifest radiographie dental caries has changed in 5 years. Fewer approximal lesions are recorded (1993) Adv Dent Res, 7, p. 225; 
Heidmann, J., Holund, U., Poulsen, S., Changing criteria for restorative treatment of approximal caries over a 10-year period (1987) Caries Res, 21, pp. 460-463; 
Nordblad, A., Larmas, M., Caries and fillings in the permanent dentition of cohorts of schoolchildren in Espoo Finland (1986) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 14, pp. 271-273; 
Gordon, M., Newbrun, E., Comparison of trends in the prevalence of caries and restorations in young adult populations of several countries (1986) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 14, pp. 104-109; 
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1981) The prevalence of dental caries in United States children, the national dental caries prevalence survey, , NIH, Bethesda, MD NIH Publication No. 82–2245; 
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1988) Oral health of United States children, national and regional findings, , NIH, Bethesda, MD NIH Publication No. 89–2247; 
Pitts, N.B., Five-year longitudinal study of restorative treatment received by Scottish children (1991) Br Dent J, 171, pp. 275-279; 
Pitts, N.B., Davies, J.A., The Scottish Health Boards' dental epidemiological programme: Initial surveys of 5- and 12-year-olds (1992) Br Dent J, 172, pp. 408-413; 
Li, S.H., Kingman, A., Forthofer, Swango, P., Comparison of tooth surface-specific dental caries attack patterns in US schoolchildren from two national surveys (1993) J Dent Res, 72, pp. 1398-1405; 
McDonald, S.P., Sheiham, A., The distribution of caries on different tooth surfaces at varying levels of caries—a compilation of data from 18 previous studies (1992) Community Dent Health, 9, pp. 39-48; 
Ripa, L.W., Leske, G.S., Sposato, A., The surface-specific caries pattern of participants in a school-based fluoride mouthrinsing program with implications for the use of sealants (1985) J Public Health Dent, 45, pp. 90-94; 
Ripa, L.W., Leske, G.S., Varma, A.O., Longitudinal study of the caries susceptibility of occlusal and proximal surfaces of first permanent molars (1988) J Public Health Dent, 48, pp. 8-13; 
Bille, J., Hesselgren, K., Thylstrup, A., Dental caries in Danish 7–11 and 13-year-old children in 1963 1972 and 1981 (1986) Caries Res, 20, pp. 534-542; 
Von Der Fehr, F.R., Epidemiology of dental caries (1986) Textbook of cariology, pp. 266-285. , A Thylstrup, O Fejerskov. Munksgaard, Copenhagen; 
Fukada, H., Yanagisawa, M., Araki, Y., Hirata, J., Takada, O., Goto, O., Studies on the caries susceptibility of first molars (1982) J Nihon Univ Sch Dent, 24, pp. 35-55; 
Vehkalahti, M.M., Solavaara, L., Rytömaa, I., An eight-year follow-up of the occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars (1991) J Dent Res, 70, pp. 1064-1067
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Childhood and adolescent cancer in Spain: Mortality time trends 1956-1990
T2  - European Journal of Cancer
J2  - Eur. J. Cancer
VL  - 31
IS  - 11
SP  - 1811
EP  - 1821
PY  - 1995
DO  - 10.1016/0959-8049(95)00427-K
SN  - 09598049 (ISSN) 
AU  - Pollán, M.
AU  - López-Abente, G.
AU  - Ruiz-Tovar, M.
AU  - de Aragón, M.V.M.
AD  - Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Sinesio Delgado 6, 28029 Madrid, Spain
AD  - Mortality Statistics Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Sinesio Delgado 6, 28029 Madrid, Spain
AB  - Using log-linear Poisson modelling, trends in childhood cancer mortality among the population under 20 years of age in Spain are described over the 35-year period from 1956 to 1990. Overall cancer mortality and seven specific sites were considered: all leukaemias, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, malignant brain tumours, kidney cancer, malignant bone neoplasms, and a broad category of ill-defined tumours. An age-period-cohort model was used to analyse the influence of age, period of death and birth cohort. Recent trends were estimated by restricting analysis to the last three 5-year periods. In general, mortality began to decline at the beginning of the 1970s, with reductions of 36% in males and 45% in females being registered between 1966-1970 and 1986-1990. The use of age-period-cohort models revealed an initially rising period effect attributable to diagnostic advances. The decline in mortality in post-1965 generations and the final downturn in the period effect are both most certainly a consequence of the remarkable progress achieved in the treatment of such tumours. During the final 15 years, there was a relative decline in mortality of approximately 20% every 5 years. However, in the case of malignant renal tumours in males and malignant bone tumours and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in both sexes the situation remained stable. © 1995.
KW  - age-period-cohort models
KW  - childhood mortality
KW  - mortality trends
KW  - Poisson models
KW  - adolescent
KW  - article
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - child
KW  - childhood cancer
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - spain
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Bone Neoplasms
KW  - Brain Neoplasms
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Effect
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Kidney Neoplasms
KW  - Leukemia
KW  - Lymphoma
KW  - Male
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Spain
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :9
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EJCAE
C2  - 8541106
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Pollán, M.; Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre of Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Sinesio Delgado 6, 28029 Madrid, Spain
N1  - References: West, Childhood cancer mortality: international comparisons, 1955–1974 (1984) World Health Stat Q, 37, pp. 98-127; 
Breslow, Langholz, Childhood cancer incidence: geographical and temporal variations (1983) Int J Cancer, 32, pp. 703-716; 
Greenberg, Shuster, Epidemiology of cancer in children (1985) Epidemiol Rev, 7, pp. 22-48; 
Levi, La Vecchia, Lucchini, Negri, Boyle, Patterns of childhood cancer incidence and mortality in Europe (1992) Eur J Cancer, 28 A, pp. 2028-2049; 
Mosso, Colombo, Giordano, Pastore, Terracini, Magnani, Childhood cancer registry of the province of Torino, Italy. Survival, incidence and mortality over 20 years (1992) Cancer, 69, pp. 1300-1306; 
Barnard, Bernard-Couteret, Coste, Childhood cancer incidence in the south-east of France a report of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur and Corsica Regions Pediatrie Cancer Registry 1984–1991 (1993) European Journal of Cancer, 29 A, pp. 2284-2291; 
Birch, Marsden, Swindell, Incidence of malignant disease in childhood: a 24-year review of the Manchester children's tumour registry data (1980) Br J Cancer, 42, pp. 215-223; 
Blair, Birch, Patterns and temporal trends in the incidence of malignant disease in children: I. Leukaemia and Lymphoma (1994) Eur J Cancer, 30 A, pp. 1490-1498; 
Blair, Birch, Patterns and temporal trends in the incidence of malignant disease in children II Solid tumours of childhood (1994) European Journal of Cancer, 30 A, pp. 1498-1511; 
de Nully Brown, Hertz, Olsen, Yssing, Scheibel, Jensen, Incidence of childhood cancer in Denmark 1943–1984 (1989) Int J Epidemiol, 18, pp. 546-555; 
Austin, Kolcova, Wotke, Epidemiological aspects of childhood cancer incidence in Czech regions (1989) Neoplasma, 36, pp. 387-392; 
Young, Ries, Silverbeg, Horm, Miller, Cancer incidence, survival and mortality for children younger than age 15 years (1986) Cancer, 58, pp. 598-602; 
van Hoff, Schymura, McCrea Curnen, Trends in the incidence of childhood and adolescent cancer in Connecticut, 1935–1979 (1988) Med Pediat Oncol, 16, pp. 78-87; 
Bleyer, What can be learned about childhood cancer from “Cancer Statistics Review 1973–1988” (1993) Cancer, 71, pp. 3229-3236; 
Martos, Olsen, Childhood cancer mortality in the European Community 1950–1989 (1993) European Journal of Cancer, 29 A, pp. 1783-1789; 
La Vecchia, Decarli, Decline of childhood cancer mortality in Italy, 1955–1980 (1988) Oncology, 45, pp. 93-97; 
Levi, La Vecchia, Childhood cancer in Switzerland: mortality from 1951 to 1984 (1988) Oncology, 45, pp. 313-317; 
Miller, McKay, Decline in US childhood cancer mortality 1950 through 1980 (1984) J Am Med Assoc, 251, pp. 1567-1570; 
Parkin, Nectoux, Stiller, Draper, L'incidence des cancers de l'enfant dans le monde (1989) Pediatrie, 44, pp. 725-736; 
Gardner, Osmond, Interpretation of time trends in disease rates in the presence of generation effects (1984) Stat Med, 3, pp. 113-130; 
Clayton, Schifflers, Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. I: Age-period and age-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 449-467; 
Clayton, Schifflers, Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. II: Age-period-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 469-481; 
Holford, Understanding the effects of age, period, and cohort on incidence and mortality rates (1991) Annu Rev Publ Health, 12, pp. 425-457; 
Holford, Analysing the temporal effects of age, period and cohort (1992) Statist Meth Med Res, 1, pp. 317-337; 
Aickin, Dunn, Flood, Estimation of population denominators for public health studies at the tract, gender and age-specific level (1991) Am J Publ Health, 81, pp. 918-920; 
Day, Cumulative rate and cumulative risk (1982) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, , 4th edn., J Watherhouse, C Muir, K Shanmugaratan, J Powell, IARC Sci. Publ. No. 42; 
Breslow, Extra-Poisson variation in log-linear models (1984) Appl Statist, 33, pp. 38-44; 
Bennet, An extension of Williams' method for overdispersion models (1988) GLIM Newsletter, 17, pp. 12-18; 
Martínez de Aragón, Llácer, Marín, Martínez, (1995) Mortalidad en España 1989: Situación en el marco de la Unión Europea, , Instituto de Salud Carlos III, in press; 
Adami, Glimelius, Sparén, Homberg, Krusemo, Pontén, Trends in childhood and adolescent cancer survival in Sweden 1960 through 1984 (1992) Acta Oncológica, 31, pp. 1-10; 
Stiller, Bunch, Trends in survival for childhood cancer in Britain diagnosed 1971–1985 (1990) Br J Cancer, 62, pp. 806-815; 
Bleyer, The impact of childhood cancer on the United States and the world (1990) CA—A Cancer J Clinicians, 40, pp. 355-367; 
Registro Nacional de Tumores Infantiles, (1992) Estadísticas básicas 3 (1980–1990). Supervivencia 1980–1989, , Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia; 
Lannering, Marky, Nordborg, Brain tumors in childhood and adolescence in west Sweden dy]1970–1984: epidemiology and survival (1990) Cancer, 66, pp. 604-609; 
Bunin, Racial patterns of childhood brain cancer by histologie type (1987) J Natl Cancer Inst, 78, pp. 875-880; 
Ruiz-Tovar, Pedro-Cuesta, Pollán, López-Abente, Timetrend analysis of mortality from malignant tumors of the nervous system in Spain, 1952–1986 (1995) J Neurol Sci, 131, pp. 15-20; 
Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, (1993) Cancer en Espana, , Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Madrid; 
Roush, Schymura, Holford, Time period compared to birth cohort in Connecticut incidence rates for twenty-five malignant neoplasms (1985) J Natl Cancer Inst, 74, pp. 779-788; 
Osmond, Gardner, Adelstein, (1983) Trends in cancer mortality 1951–1980. Analyses by period of birth and death, , Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London; 
Decarli, La Vecchia, Cislaghi, Fasoli, Mezzanotte, Negri, (1986) La moralità per tumori in Italia 1955–1979. Effetti dell'età della generazione di nascita e del periodo di morte, , Lega italiana per la latta contro i tumori, Milan; 
López-abente, Pollán, Ruiz, Jiménez, Vázquez, (1992) Cancer mortality in Spain, 1952–1986. Effect of age, birth cohort and period of death, , Centro Nacional de Epidemiologfa, Madrid
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Klippel‐Trenaunay syndrome: Clinical features, complications and management in children
T2  - British Journal of Surgery
J2  - Br. J. Surg.
VL  - 82
IS  - 6
SP  - 757
EP  - 761
PY  - 1995
DO  - 10.1002/bjs.1800820615
SN  - 00071323 (ISSN) 
AU  - Samuel, M.
AU  - Spitz, L.
AD  - Department of Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
AB  - Clinical features and management of 47 children with Klippel‐Trenaunay syndrome treated since 1970 were reviewed. Haemangiomas and soft tissue and/or skeletal hypertrophy were present in all 47 patients; venous varicosities developed in 37 (79 per cent). There was no clinical evidence of macrofistulous arteriovenous communications in any patient. Thromboembolic episodes occurred in five children (11 per cent) and 25 (53 per cent) experienced thrombophlebitis. The Kasabach‐Merritt syndrome was observed in 21 (45 per cent) and six (13 per cent) presented with high‐output cardiac failure. Other manifestations included haematuria in five (11 per cent), rectal or colonic haemorrhage in six (13 per cent), and vaginal, vulval or penile bleeding in six (13 per cent) children with visceral and pelvic haemangiomas. In 26 patients (55 per cent) symptomatic treatment only was required. Surgery was undertaken in selected cases for complications of the haemangioma, for cosmetic reasons and for chronic venous insufficiency. Only one of four children who underwent resection of varicose veins improved. There was no death, but significant morbidity was associated with the treatment of Kasabach‐Merritt syndrome and high‐output cardiac failure. Copyright © 1995 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd.
KW  - angioosteohypertrophy syndrome
KW  - article
KW  - bleeding
KW  - chronic vein insufficiency
KW  - clinical article
KW  - clinical feature
KW  - disseminated intravascular clotting
KW  - female
KW  - hemangioma
KW  - hematuria
KW  - high output heart failure
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - male
KW  - nevus
KW  - newborn
KW  - preschool child
KW  - priority journal
KW  - varicosis
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Angiography
KW  - Bandages
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome
KW  - Magnetic Resonance Angiography
KW  - Palliative Care
KW  - Phlebography
N1  - Cited By :126
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 7542989
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Samuel, M.; Department of Paediatric Surgery, Wessex Regional Centre for Paediatric Surgery, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO9 4XY, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Klippel, M, Trenaunay, P, Du noevus variqueux osteohypertrophiques (1900) Archives of General Medicine (Paris), 185, pp. 641-672; 
Young, AE, Congenital mixed vascular deformities of the limbs and their associated lesions (1978) Birth Defects, 14, pp. 289-296; 
Baskerville, PA, Ackroyd, JS, Browse, NL, The etiology of the Klippel‐Trenaunay syndrome (1985) Ann Surg, 202, pp. 624-627; 
Servelle, M, Klippel and Trenaunay's syndrome. 768 operated cases (1985) Ann Surg, 201, pp. 365-373; 
Lindenauer, SM, The Klippel‐Trenaunay syndrome: varicosity hypertrophy and hemangioma with no arteriovenous fistula (1965) Ann Surg, 162, pp. 303-314; 
Baskerville, PA, Ackroyd, JS, Lea, Browse, NL, The Klippel‐Trenaunay syndrome: clinical, radiological and haemodynamic features and management (1985) Br J Surg, 72, pp. 232-236; 
Szilagyi, DE, Smith, RF, Elliott, JP, Hageman, JH, Congenital arteriovenous anomalies of the limbs (1976) Arch Surg, 111, pp. 423-429; 
Kasabach, HH, Merritt, KK, Capillary hemangioma with extensive purpura: report of a case (1940) American Journal of Diseases of Children, 59, pp. 1063-1070; 
Stephan, MJ, Hall, BD, Smith, DW, Cohen, MM, Jr, Macrocephaly in association with unusual cutaneous angiomatosis (1975) J Pediatr, 87, pp. 353-359; 
Parkes‐Weber, F, Angioma‐formation in connection with hypertrophy of limbs and hemi‐hypertrophy (1907) Br J Dermatol, 19, pp. 231-235; 
Aelvoet, GE, Jorens, PG, Roelen, LM, Genetic aspects of the Klippel‐Trenaunay syndrome (1992) Br J Dermatol, 126, pp. 603-607; 
Koch, G, Genetic aspects of the phakomatoses. (1972) The Phakomatoses. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 14, pp. 488-561. , Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW, Amsterdam, North‐Holland; 
Esterly, NB, Vascular lesions. (1992) Nelson Text‐book of Pediatrics, pp. 1629-1633. , Behrman RE, 14th, edn., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, WB Saunders; 
Mulliken, JB, Glowacki, J, Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics (1982) Plast Reconstr Surg, 69, pp. 412-422; 
Dube, B, Pillai, PN, Singhal, GD, Khanna, NN, Blood coagulation studies in children with surface hemangiomas (1975) Int Surg, 60, pp. 524-525; 
Fishman, SJ, Mulliken, JB, Hemangiomas and vascular malformations of infancy and childhood (1993) Pediatr Clin North Am, 40, pp. 1177-1200; 
Azizkhan, RG, Life‐threatening hematochezia from a rectosigmoid vascular malformation in Klippel‐Trenaunay syndrome: long‐term palliation using an argon laser (1991) J Pediatr Surg, 26, pp. 1125-1127; 
Bartoshesky, LE, Bull, M, Feingold, M, Corticosteroid treatment of cutaneous hemangiomas: how effective? A report on 24 children (1978) Clin Pediatr (Phila), 17, pp. 629-638; 
Enjolras, O, Riche, MC, Merland, JJ, Escande, JP, Management of alarming hemangiomas in infancy: a review of 25 cases (1990) Pediatrics, 85, pp. 491-498; 
Gloviczki, P, Stanson, SW, Stickler, GB, Klippel‐Trenaunay syndrome: the risks and benefits of vascular interventions (1991) Surgery, 110, pp. 469-479; 
Browse, NL, Burnand, KG, The cause of venous ulceration (1982) Lancet, 2, pp. 243-245; 
Plate, G, Brudin, L, Eklöf, B, Jensen, R, Ohlin, P, Physiologic and therapeutic aspects of congenital vein valve aplasia of the lower limb (1983) Ann Surg, 198, pp. 229-233; 
Corrigan, JJ, Jr, Coagulation inhibitors (1980) Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 2, pp. 281-285
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029024631&doi=10.1002%2fbjs.1800820615&partnerID=40&md5=a6ba2818e870d01be8d5a3791d54019f
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cancer survival in Sweden during three decades, 1961-1991
T2  - Acta Oncologica
J2  - Acta Oncol.
VL  - 34
IS  - 7
SP  - 881
EP  - 891
PY  - 1995
DO  - 10.3109/02841869509127200
SN  - 0284186X (ISSN) 
AU  - Stenbeck, M.
AU  - Rosén, M.
AU  - Holm, L.-E.
AD  - Centre For Epidemiology, The National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - Cancer survival in Sweden in 1961-1991 is presented as a comprehensive report from the Swedish Cancer Registry. The report shows both successes and failures, confirms some earlier published results and presents some new findings worth further analysis. Survival has increased for female breast cancer, malignant melanoma, cancers of the testis and thyroid gland, acute leukemia, and Hodgkin's disease. No improvements are found for multiple myeloma or cancers of the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas. Small increases are shown for colorectal cancer and cancers of the stomach, oesophagus, and kidney. Increases in postoperative survival are shown for sites dominated by histologically benign tumors, i.e., intracranial neurinoma, meningioma, and cancers of the endocrine glands such as parathyroid tumors. From 1970-1972 to 1980-1982 the 10-year relative survival rate (RSR) increased from 30% to 38% for males and from 44% to 51% for females. Hence, cancer survival for all cases combined has approached the survival of the general population somewhat. Most of the increases took place in the 1970's. Changes in the distribution of incidence towards cancer sites with better prognoses account for some 10-20% of the observed increases in RSR, whereas the aging of the cancer population reduces the upward trend in RSR for all cases combined by some 1-2% Cancer patients have poorer survival than the population long after 5 years of follow-up. They reach the survival of the population after about 8-12 years for colorectal cancer, 10 years for cervical cancer, 7-10 years for malignant melanoma, 13-18 years for kidney cancer, and more than 19 years for female breast and prostate cancer. For patients diagnosed in 1970-1972 this occurred 16 years after diagnosis at 29% for males and 43% for females when all cancer cases were combined. The extended time until 'statistical cure' for most cancer forms clearly indicates the need to augment the commonly used 5-year RSR with other outcome measures. If cancers on average are discovered earlier today, the 5-year RSR gives an exaggerated impression of the improvement over time. In this case the change in the 10-year RSR is a less biased criterion. ©1995 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cancer
KW  - cancer survival
KW  - child
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - male
KW  - newborn
KW  - priority journal
KW  - sweden
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Survival Analysis
KW  - Survival Rate
KW  - Sweden
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :27
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ACTOE
C2  - 7492376
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Stenbeck, M.; Centre for Epidemiology, National Board of Health and Welfare, S-106 30, Stockholm, Sweden
N1  - References: Lundegårdh, G., Adami, H.-O., Malker, B., Gastric cancer survival in Sweden. Lack of improvement in 19 years (1986) Ann Surg, 204, pp. 546-551; 
Graf, W., Glimelius, B., Påhlman, L., Bergström, R., Determinants of prognosis in advanced colorectal cancer (1991) Eur J Cancer, 27, pp. 119-123; 
Adami, H.-O., Malker, B., Rutqvist, L.-E., Persson, I., Ries, L., Temporal trends in breast cancer survival in Sweden: Significant improvement in 20 years (1986) JNCI, 76, pp. 653-659; 
Adami, H.-O., Glimelius, B., Sparén, P., Holmberg, K.U.B., Pontén, J., Trends in childhood and adolescent cancer survival in Sweden 1960 through 1984 (1992) Acata Oncol, 31, pp. 1-10; 
Vågerö, D., Persson, G., Cancer survival and social class in Sweden (1987) J Epidemiol Community Health, 41, pp. 204-209; 
Rutqvist, L.E., (1983) On breast cancer incidence and survival. (Thesis), , Department of General Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm; 
Osterman, B., Jonsson, H., Tavelin, B., Lenner, P., Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in northern Sweden: Prognostic factors and response to treatment (1993) Acta Oncol, 32, pp. 507-515; 
Adami, H.-O., Spaé, P., Bergström, R., Holmberg, L., Krusemo, U.B., Pontén, J., Increasing survival trend after cancer diagnosis in Sweden: 1960–1984 (1989) JNCI, 81, pp. 1640-1647; 
Cancer survival in Sweden in 1961–1991 (1995) Acta Oncol, 34 (4). , Stenbeck, M, Rosén M, editors; 
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Hakulinen, T., Pukkala, E., Hakama, M., Lehtonen, M., Saxén, E., Teppo, L., Survival of cancer patients in Finland in 1953–1974 (1981) Ann Clin Res, 13 (31); 
Carstensen, B., Storm, H.H., Schou, G., Survival of Danish cancer patients 1943–1987 (1993) APMIS, 101 (33); 
Berkson, J., Gage, R.P., Survival curve for cancer patients following treatment (1952) J Am Stat Ass, 47, pp. 501-515; 
Easson, E.C., Russell, M.H., (1968) The curability of cancer in various sites, , Pitman Medical Publishing Company Ltd, London; 
Mattson, B., Wallgren, A., Completeness of the Swedish Cancer Register. Non‐notified cancer cases on death certificates in 1978 (1984) Acta Radiol Oncol, 23, pp. 305-313; 
Cutler, S.J., Ederer, F., Maximum utilization of the life table method in analyzing survival (1958) J Chron Dis, 8, pp. 699-712; 
Ederer, F., Axtell, L.M., Cutler, S.J., (1961) The relative survival rate: A statistical methodology, , NCI Monograh No 6; 
Brinkley, D., Haybittle, J.L., the curability of breast cancer (1975) Lancet, 1, pp. 95-97; 
Aus, G., Hugosson, J., Norlén, L., Long‐term survival and mortality in prostate cancer treated with noncurative intention J Urol; 
Enblad, P., Adami, H.-O., Bergström, R., Glimelius, B., Krusemo, U.B., Påhlman, L., (1988) Improved survival of patients with cancers of the colon and rectum? JNCI, 80, pp. 586-591; 
Grönberg, H., Bergh, A., Damber, J.-E., Jonsson, H., Lenner, P., Ångström, T., Prostate cancer in Northern Sweden. Incidence, survival and mortality in relation to tumour grade (1994) Acta Oncol, 33, pp. 359-363; 
Adami, H.O., Bergström, R., Holmberg, L., Klareskog, L., Persson, I., Pontén, J., the effect of female sex hormones on cancer survival. A register‐based study in pateitns younger than 20, years at diagnosis (1990) JAMA, 263, pp. 2189-2193; 
Wiebelt, H., Hakulinen, T., (1991) Do women survive cancer more frequently than men? JNCI, 83, p. 579
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028791307&doi=10.3109%2f02841869509127200&partnerID=40&md5=cbfb2a0785bfe0e34008c08dbd68e35e
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Change in Self-esteem Between Year 2 and Year 6: A longitudinal study
T2  - Educational Psychology
J2  - Educ. Psychol.
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
SP  - 171
EP  - 180
PY  - 1995
DO  - 10.1080/0144341950150206
SN  - 01443410 (ISSN) 
AU  - Davies, J.
AU  - Brember, I.
AD  - School of Education, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
AB  - All Year 2 children in six randomly selected primary schools within one Local Education Authority (LEA) comprised the sample to which the Lawseq self-esteem questionnaire was administered. Four years later, when they were Year 6, they completed the Lawseq again. A two-way analysis of variance with Sex and Occasions was carried out on the 12 individual items of the instrument and the total. There were no significant differences between occasions or sexes on the overall score, but there were significant differences between occasions on seven of the 12 items and between sexes on two items. On only one item was there a significant interaction between sexes and occasions. The mean for the total fell over the 4 years. The means for both occasions were considerably below the mean of 19.00 obtained when Lawrence standardised the test in 1981. Discussion centred on possible reasons for this, such as appropriacy of the instrument for the age-groups under study, stability of administration and changes within society and school. © 1995, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
N1  - Cited By :6
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Davies, J.; School of Education, University of Manchester, Humanities Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Argyle, M., (1967) Psychology and Interpersonal Behaviour, , (London, Pelican); 
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Burns, R.B., (1973) Attitudes to Self and to Others, , Unpublished Ph.D, University of Manchester; 
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Burns, R.B., (1982) Self-concept Development and Education, , (London, Holt Rinehart); 
Campbell, J., Neill, S., (1994) Curriculum Reform at Key Stage 1. Teacher Commitment and Policy Failure, , (Harlow, Longman: ATL); 
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Coopersmith, S., (1967) The Antecedents of Self-esteem, , (San Francisco, Freeman); 
Cottle, T.J., Self-concept, ego ideal and the response to action (1965) Sociological and Social Research, 50, pp. 78-88; 
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Gammage, P., (1986) Primary Education: structure and context, , (London, Harper-Row); 
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Hamachek, D.E., (1987) Encounters with the Self, , (New York, Holt, Rhinehart and Winston); 
Hart, J.G., LAWSEQ: its relation to other measures of self-esteem and academic ability (1985) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 55, pp. 167-169; 
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Lawrence, D., Counselling of retarded readers by non-professionals (1972) Educational Research, 15, pp. 48-51; 
Lawrence, D., (1973) Improved Reading through Counselling, , (London, Ward Lock); 
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Lawrence, E.A., Winschal, J.F., Self-concept and the retarded: research and issues (1973) Exceptional Children, 39, pp. 310-319; 
Markus, H., Cross, S., Wurf, E., The role of the self-esteem in competence (1990) Competence Considered, , J. Strenberg & J. Kolligan, Jr (Eds), (New Haven, Yale University Press); 
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Piers, E., Harris, P., Age and other correlates of self-concept in children (1964) Journal of Educational Psychology, 55, pp. 91-95; 
Pollard, A., Broadfoot, P., Croll, P., Osborn, M., Abbot, D., (1994) Changing English Primary Schools? The Impact of the Education Reform Act at Key Stage One, , (London, Cassell); 
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Staines, J.W., The self picture as a factor in the classroom (1958) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 28, pp. 97-111; 
Thomas, J.B., (1973) Self-concept in Psychology and Education, , (London, NFER); 
Wells, L.E., Marwell, G., (1976) Self-esteem—Its Conceptualisation and Measurement, , (London, Sage); 
Williams, J.H., The relationship between self-concept and reading achievement in first grade children (1973) Journal of Educational Research, 66, pp. 378-380; 
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Wylie, R., (1974) The Self-concept, 2. , (Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press)
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Outcome in idiopathic childhood nephrotic syndrome: A 20 year experience
T2  - Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology
J2  - Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol.
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
SP  - 15
EP  - 19
PY  - 1995
DO  - 10.3109/00365599509180533
SN  - 00365599 (ISSN) 
AU  - Andenmatten, F.
AU  - Bianchetti, M.G.
AU  - Gerber, H.A.
AU  - Zimmermann, A.
AU  - Meregalli, P.
AU  - Lüthy, C.
AU  - Oetliker, O.H.
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Berne, Switzerland
AD  - Pathology, University of Berne, Switzerland
AB  - 112 patients with idiopathic childhood nephrotic syndrome have been referred from 1970 through 1989 at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Berne. One patient remitted spontaneously without medication. Ninety-eight patients responded to prednisone: 15 had a single bout of nephrosis, 47 developed a tendency towards relapses and 36 steroid dependence. In 28 patients with tendency towards relapses cure took place on either prednisone alone or prednisone plus cyclophosphamide. In 18 patients with steroid dependency cure took place on prednisone alone or prednisone plus cyclophosphamide. Thirteen patients failed to respond to steroids. The course of the disease was more benign in 68 patients with minimal change disease as compared with 14 patients with focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated mesangial IgM deposits in 14 out of 54 patients, but this finding was not a marker for poor steroid response or progression to renal failure. The course of the disease was especially unfavourable in patients with persisting nephrosis on completion of the initial course of steroid therapy. In conclusion it appears appropriate to define the disease in terms of steroid responsiveness as steroid resistant patients sometimes show normal glomeruli, steroid responsive patients sometimes have focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis or mesangial IgM deposits, and decisions depend more on the steroid responsiveness than on the histological features. © 1995 Informa UK Ltd.
KW  - Childhood lipoid nephrosis
KW  - Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis idiopathic childhood nephrotic syndrome
KW  - Idiopathic childhood nephrotic syndrome
KW  - IgM idiopathic childhood nephrotic syndrome
KW  - Minimal change idiopathic childhood nephrotic syndrome
KW  - corticosteroid
KW  - cyclophosphamide
KW  - prednisone
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - disease course
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - lipoid nephrosis
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - nephrotic syndrome
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Biopsy
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant
KW  - Kidney
KW  - Male
KW  - Nephrotic Syndrome
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Remission Induction
KW  - Steroids
KW  - Treatment Outcome
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :11
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SJUNA
C2  - 7618045
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Bianchetti, M.G.; Division of Pediatric Nephrology Inseslspital, CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: cyclophosphamide, 50-18-0; prednisone, 53-03-2; Steroids
N1  - References: Brodehl, J., The treatment of minimal change nephrotic syndrome: lessons learned form multicentre co-operative studies (1991) Eur J Pediatr, 150, pp. 380-387; 
Brown, G.W., 2 × 2 tables (1985) Am J Dis Child, 139, pp. 410-416; 
Broyer, M., La néphrose idiopathique de l'enfant et son traitement (1988) Arch Pédiatr, 45, pp. 1-4; 
Habib, R., Girardin, E., Gagnadoux, M.F., Hinglais, N., Levy, M., Broyer, M., Immunopathological findings in idiopathic nephrosis: clinical significance of glomerular immune deposits (1988) Pediatr Nephrol, 2, pp. 402-408; 
Habib, R., Levy, M., Gubler, M.C., Clinicopathologic correlations in the nephrotic syndrome (1979) Pediatrician, 8, pp. 325-348; 
Nephrotic syndrome in children: prediction of histopathology from clinical and laboratory characteristics at time of diagnosis (1978) Kidney Int, 13, pp. 159-165; 
Ji-Yun, R., Melvin, T., Sibley, R., Michael, A.F., No evidence for a specific role of IgM in mesangial proliferation of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (1984) Kidney Int, 25, pp. 100-106; 
Lewis, M.A., Baildom, E.M., Davis, N., Houston, I.B., Postlethwaite, R.J., Nephrotic syndrome: from toddler to twenties (1989) Lancet, 333, pp. 255-259; 
McEnery, P.T., Strife, C.F., Nephrotic syndrome in childhood: management and treatment in patients with minimal change disease, mesangial proliferation, or focal glomerulosclerosis (1982) Pediatr Clin North Am, 89, pp. 875-894; 
Melvin, T., Bennett, W., Management of nephrotic syndrome in childhood (1991) Drugs, 42, pp. 30-51; 
Niaudet, P., Habib, R., Gagnadoux, M.F., Těte, M.J., Broyer, M., Treatment of severe childhood nephrosis (1988) Adv Nephrol, 17, pp. 151-172; 
O'Brien, P.C., Shampo, M.A., Comparing two proportions: the relative deviate test and chi-square equivalent (1981) Mayo Clin Proc, 56, pp. 513-515; 
Siegel, N.J., Kashgarian, M., Spargo, B.H., Hayslett, J.P., Minimal change and focal sclerotic lesions in lipoid nephrosis (1974) Nephron, 13, pp. 125-137; 
Trainin, E.B., Boichis, H., Spitzer, A., Edelmann, C.M., Greifer, I., Late nonresponsiveness to steroids in children with the nephrotic syndrome (1975) J Pediatr, 87, pp. 519-523
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Caries treatment through 30 years in children and adolescents in Asker, Norway
T2  - Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology
J2  - Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol.
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
SP  - 193
EP  - 199
PY  - 1995
DO  - 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1995.tb00230.x
SN  - 03015661 (ISSN) 
AU  - von der Fehr, F.R.
AU  - Gropen, A.‐M.
AD  - Department of Cariology, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, Norway
AD  - The Public Dental Service. Asker, Akershus, Norway
AB  - Abstract Asker is a capital suburb where a preventive philosophy has guided the public dental health services for decades. In the period studied the child population aged 3–13 yr increased from 3208 to 6008. In the school age groups 7–15 yr practically all children in the community have participated in the dental service programs. The objective of the paper is to present retrospectively the changes in caries status of children under near optimal dental health care conditions and to expose reported preventive activities. A considerable increase in the proportion of “caries free” pre‐school children occurred in the period 1976–88. A maximum was reached in the latter part of the eighties, where after a leveling off is suggested. For school children a rapid increase in “caries free” children took place for the lowest grades, starting before 1976. The higher grades came later and at a slower pace. The great number of fillings inserted in 1966–72, oscillating around 60 surfaces for the nine school years, decreased rapidly during the following decade and seems now to have settled around a total average of five to six surfaces. This implies a reduction of 90% in 20 yr. In most age groups these changes started before 1970. The major part of the caries decline occurred in the seventies and a leveling off is apparent during the eighties. The average number of filled surfaces per year has fallen from 6.6 in the 1955 birth cohort to 0.7 in the 1977 cohort, a reduction of 89% in 22 yr. The average number of filled surfaces (FS) in 15‐yr‐olds leaving compulsory school decreased during the period 1980–92 from 16.5 to 4.8. In 1980 20% of the children left school with more than 20 filled surfaces, as compared to only 3% in 1992. Operative treatment need has been reduced to a fairly low level among school children and adolescents, but caries is definitely not eradicated. The “caries free” situation is not permanent, but treatment need becomes evident at a later age and is more modest than before. The remarkable reduction and delay of the caries problem is most likely the result of several factors, fluorides seemingly playing the major role. Copyright © 1995, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
KW  - community dental health services
KW  - dental caries decline
KW  - DMF Index
KW  - oral health
KW  - school dentistry
KW  - anticaries agent
KW  - fluoride
KW  - fluoride sodium
KW  - fluoride varnish
KW  - toothpaste
KW  - adolescent
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - deciduous tooth
KW  - dental care
KW  - dental caries
KW  - dental surgery
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - Norway
KW  - preschool child
KW  - prevalence
KW  - public health service
KW  - retrospective study
KW  - tablet
KW  - water supply
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Cariostatic Agents
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Dental Care for Children
KW  - Dental Caries
KW  - Dental Restoration, Permanent
KW  - Dentifrices
KW  - DMF Index
KW  - Fluorides
KW  - Fluorides, Topical
KW  - Human
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Norway
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Public Health Dentistry
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Sodium Fluoride
KW  - Tablets
KW  - Tooth, Deciduous
KW  - Water Supply
N1  - Cited By :8
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 7587138
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: von der Fehr, F.R.; Department of Cariology, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, Box 1109, Blindern, Oslo, N-0317, Norway
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: fluoride sodium, 51668-54-3, 7681-49-4, 79933-27-0; fluoride varnish, 39287-69-9; fluoride, 16984-48-8; Cariostatic Agents; Dentifrices; Fluorides; Fluorides, Topical; Sodium Fluoride, 7681-49-4; Tablets
N1  - References: The First International Conference on the Declining Prevalence of Dental Caries (1982) J Dent Res, 61, pp. 1301-1383. , Glass RL, (Spec Iss); 
Caries status in Europe and predictions of future trends. Ljubljana, Yugoslavia (1990) Curies Res, 24, pp. 381-396. , Marthaler TM; 
Schwarz, E, Vigild, M, Skak‐Iversen, L., Danish child oral health status in two decades of organized child oral health care (1994) Tandlœgebladet, 98, pp. 612-618; 
Kalsbeek, H, Verrips, GHW., Dental caries prevalence and use of fluorides in different European countries (1990) J Dent Res, 69, pp. 728-732. , (Spec); 
Helsedirektoratet, Årsmelding 1984–92. Tannhelsetjenesten i Norge, , Oslo:, Helsedirekloratet, 198693; 
Bryhni, IL, Ellingsen, SS, Naas, S., Behandlingskriterier for karies (1985) Norske Tannlegefor Tid, 95, pp. 693-698; 
Heidmann, J, Hølund, U, Poulser, S., Changing criteria for restorative treatment of approximal caries over a 10‐year period (1987) Caries Res, 21, pp. 460-463; 
Gimmestad, AL., (1992) Sykdomsregistrering og behandlingsstrategi [Spesialoppgave i Folkehelsevitenskap], p. 56. , Tromsø:, Universitetet i Tromsø; 
Wang, N., (1992) Karies og kariesbehandling. Rontgenregistreringer på 18‐åringer 1987, 1989, 1990 og 1991, p. 23. , Oslo ;, Universitetet i Oslo; 
Lunder, N, Tenningås, J, Ellingsæter, B, Bragelien Günther, LA., Kvalitetssikring i praksis. Approksimal karies og behandlingsintervensjon hos 18‐åringer i Oppland fylke (1993) Norske Tannlegefor Tid, 103, pp. 380-383; 
Heidmann, J., Inconsistencies in a nationwide caries recording system (1985) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 13, pp. 216-218; 
Birkeland, JM, Bragelien, J., Continual highly significant decrease in caries prevalence among 14‐year‐old Norwegians (1987) Acta Odontol Scand, 45, pp. 135-140; 
Hope, T., Results of 10 years of supervised fluoride toothbrushing in Rygge, Norway (1979) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 7, pp. 330-334; 
Haugejorden, O, Birkeland, JM, Løkken, P., Fluorides in the prevention of dental caries in Norway (1983) Drug utilization in Norway during the 1970's – increases, inequalities, innovations, pp. 17-35. , Sakshaug S., Andrew M, Hjort PF, Lunde PKM, ØYdvin K,. Oslo:, Norwegian Medicinal Depot; 
(1987), p. 185. , Health survey Oslo; Murray, JJ., (1992), 27, pp. 2-8. , Efficacy of preventive agents for dental caries. Systemic fluorides: Water fluoridation. In:, Curzon MEJ, TenCate JM, Efficacy of caries prevent the strategies. Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands. Caries Res., (SI); Aasenden, R, Peebles, TC., Effects of fluoride supplementation from birth on human deciduous and permanent teeth (1974) Arch Oral Biol, 19, pp. 321-326; 
Forsman, B., Effekten av odontologisk rådgivning vid barnavårdscentral (1968) Sver Tandlakarforb Tidn, 60, pp. 1100-1110; 
Fehr, Forbord, S, Gausen, A, Gjermo, PE, Nakrem, S, Oseland, A., (1979) Verdalsprosjektet. En rapport, p. 24. , Oslo:, Helsedirektoratet; 
Stenvik, R., (1980) Hvorfor får noen mange hull og andre ingen' [Prosjekt videreutdannelsen], p. 32. , Oslo:, Universitetet i Oslo; 
Rossow, I, Holst, D., Use of fluoride tablets in childhood; a ten year prospective study (1993) J Public Health Dent, 53, pp. 146-150; 
Rølla, G, ØGaard, B., Reduction in caries incidence in Norway from 1970 to 1984 and some considerations concerning the reasons for this phenomenon (1986) Strategy for dental caries prevention in European countries according to their laws and regulations, pp. 223-229. , Frank RM., O'hickey S., Paris:, Information Retrieval Limited; 
Massler, M, Pindborg, JJ, Mohammed, C., A compilation of epidemiologic studies of dental caries (1954) Am J Public Health, 44, pp. 1357-1362; 
Mølstad, P, Botten, G., Sukker, Ernæringsmessige og dietetiske aspekter (1983) Tidsskr Nor Lœgeforen, 103, pp. 2156-2159; 
(1991) The Norwegian diet and nutrition and food policy, p. 38. , Oslo:, Norwegian National Nutrition Council; 
Silver, DH., A comparison of 3‐year‐olds' caries experience in 1973, 1981 and 1989 in a Hertfordshire town, related to family behaviour and social class (1992) Brit Dent J, 172, pp. 191-197; 
Honkala, E., Kannas, L., Rimpela, M, Wold, B, Aaro, LE, Gilles, P., Dental health habits in Austria, England, Finland and Norway (1988) Int Dent J, 38, pp. 131-138; 
Bellini, HT, Arneberg, P, Fehr, Oral hygiene and caries. A review (1980) Acta Odontol Scand, 39, pp. 257-265; 
Rølla, G., ØGaard B, Clinical effect and mechanism of cariostatic action of fluoride‐containing toothpastes: a review (1991) Int Dent J, 41, pp. 171-174; 
Axelsson, P, Paulander, J, Svärdström, G, Tollskog, G, Nordensten, S., (1992), pp. 27-94. , Integrated caries prevention; effect of a needs‐related preventive program on dental caries in children. In:, Curzon MEJ, Ten Cate JM, eds. Efficacy of caries preventive strategies. Noordwijkerhout. The Netherlands: Caries Res:, (S1); 83UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0029355246&doi=10.1111%2fj.1600-0528.1995.tb00230.x&partnerID=40&md5=d2bfa29f6791fb4c13b9cea260f062c7
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prospective study of risk factors for early and persistent wheezing in childhood
T2  - European Respiratory Journal
J2  - EUR. RESPIR. J.
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
SP  - 349
EP  - 356
PY  - 1995
SN  - 09031936 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lewis, S.
AU  - Richards, D.
AU  - Bynner, J.
AU  - Butler, N.
AU  - Britton, J.
AD  - Division of Respiratory Medicine, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
AB  - The object of this study was to determine the relative importance of low birth weight, preterm birth, low maternal age, household size, exposure to maternal smoking, personal smoking at 16 yrs of age, early termination of breast-feeding and socioeconomic status in the aetiology of wheezing illness in the first 5 yrs of life, and on the persistence of this illness at 16 yrs of age. In 15,712 children born in Britain during one week of April 1970, the occurrence of wheezing by 5 yrs of age, and of wheezing in the past year at 16 yrs of age within this group were analysed in multivariate logistic regression against each potential risk factor. The independent determinants of wheezing by 5 yrs of age were male sex, maternal smoking during pregnancy (odds ratio (OR) for 15+ cigarettes · day-1 =1.39; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.22-1.58) and low birthweight (OR for birthweight &lt;2.5 kg=1.26; 95% CI 1.07-1.50). Of children who had wheezed by 5 yrs of age, 15% reported wheezing in the past 12 months at 16 yrs of age. The persistence of symptoms at 16 yrs of age was independently related to low maternal age (OR for 20 vs 40 yrs of age = 1.96; 95% CI 1.08-3.45) and to high social status (OR for most vs least advantaged=1.95; 95% CI 1.13-3.38). We conclude that low birth weight and maternal smoking in pregnancy are independent risk factors for early childhood wheezing, but in 85% of children with early wheezing it resolves by 16 yrs of age. Persistence of wheeze at 16 yrs of age is related to low maternal age and high socioeconomic status. Therefore, the factors involved in the aetiology of early childhood wheezing may be different from those associated with wheezing which persists into adolescence.
KW  - Childhood wheeze
KW  - low birth weight
KW  - maternal age
KW  - passive smoking
KW  - socioeconomic status
KW  - adolescent
KW  - asthma
KW  - breast feeding
KW  - child
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - conference paper
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - low birth weight
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - maternal age
KW  - onset age
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - prematurity
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk factor
KW  - social status
KW  - weaning
KW  - wheezing
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Asthma
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant, Low Birth Weight
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Male
KW  - Maternal Age
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Respiratory Sounds
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Tobacco Smoke Pollution
N1  - Cited By :177
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Conference Paper
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ERJOE
C2  - 7789476
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lewis, S.; Division of Respiratory Medicine, City Hospital, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028912009&partnerID=40&md5=15a2cd10e6b6a77c0d9ce575da047183
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Birth weight and later socioeconomic disadvantage: Evidence from the 1958 British cohort study
T2  - BMJ
J2  - BMJ
VL  - 309
IS  - 6967
SP  - 1475
PY  - 1994
DO  - 10.1136/bmj.309.6967.1475
SN  - 09598138 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bartley, M.
AU  - Power, C.
AU  - Blane, D.
AU  - Smith, G.D.
AU  - Shipley, M.
AD  - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London EC1R 0BN, United Kingdom
AD  - Division of Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London W6 8RP, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Public Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8RZ, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Medical School, London WC1E 6EA, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective: To investigate the relation between birth weight and socioeconomic disadvantage during childhood and adolescence in a birth cohort study. Design: Longitudinal analysis of birth weight in relation to social class, household amenities and overcrowding, and financial difficulties as reported by parents at interview when participants were aged 7, 11, and 16 years; and receipt of unemployment or supplementary benefits as reported by participants at age 23. Subjects: Male participants in the 1958 birth cohort (national child development study) born to parents resident in Great Britain during the week of 3-9 March 1958. Data on birth weight and financial difficulties between birth and 23 years were available for 4321; data on housing conditions and social class at ages 7, 11, and 16 years were available for 3370. Main outcome measures: Socioeconomic disadvantage at later ages in men weighing 6 lb (2721g) or under at birth compared with those weighing over 6 lb and between fifths of the distribution of birth weight. Results: Cohort members who weighed 6 lb or under at birth were more likely to experience socioeconomic disadvantage subsequently. Those in lower fifths of the distribution were more likely to experience socioeconomic disadvantage. Conclusion—Low birth weight is associated with socioeconomic disadvantage in childhood and adolescence. Studies of the association of indicators of early development and adult disease need to take into account experiences right through from birth to adulthood if they are to elucidate the combination of risks attributable to developmental problems and socioeconomic disadvantage. © 1994, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - adolescence
KW  - adolescent
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - child
KW  - childhood
KW  - crowding
KW  - household
KW  - human
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - school child
KW  - social class
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Family Characteristics
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Household Articles
KW  - Housing
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Unemployment
N1  - Cited By :96
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 7804048
LA  - English
N1  - References: (1992) Fetal and infant origins of adult disease, , Barker DJPed., London, BMJ; 
Williams, D.R.R., Roberts, S.J., Davies, T.W., Deaths from ischaemic heart disease and infant mortality in England and Wales (1979) J Epidemiol Community Health, 33, pp. 199-202; 
Ben-Shlomo, Y., Davey Smith, G., (1991) Deprivation in infancy or in adult life: which is more important for mortality risk? Lancet, 337, pp. 530-534; 
Essen, J., Wedge, P., (1982) Continuities in childhood disadvantage, , London, Heinemann Educational; 
Pilling, D., (1990) Escape from disadvantage, , London, Falmer Press; 
Brown, M., Madge, N., (1982) Despite the welfare state, , London, Heinemann Educational; 
Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M., Parental height, childhood environment and subsequent adult height in a national birth cohort (1989) Int J Epidemiol, 18, pp. 663-668; 
Kuh, D.J.L., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Physical health status at 36 years in a British national birth cohort (1993) Soc Sci Med, 37, pp. 905-916; 
Fogelman, K., Manor, O., Smoking in pregnancy and development into early adulthood (1988) BMJ, 297, pp. 1233-1236; 
Power, C., Manor, O., Fox, A.J., (1991) Health and class: the early years, , London, Chapman Hall; 
Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal mortality: the first report of the 1958 British perinatal mortality survey, , Edinburgh, Livingstone; 
Essen, J., Fogelman, K., Head, J., Children's housing and their health and physical development (1978) Child Care Health Dev, 4, pp. 357-369; 
Essex, J., Fogelman, K., Head, J., Childhood housing experiences and school attainment (1978) Child Care Health Dev, 3, pp. 41-58; 
Goldstein, H., Study of the response rates of 16 year olds in the NCDS (1983) Growing up in Great Britain, , In: Fogelman Ked., London, Macmillan; 
Bartley, M., Popay, J., Plewis, I., Domestic conditions, paid employment and women's experience of ill-health (1992) Sociology of Health and Illness, 14, pp. 313-343; 
Goldblatt, P., Mortality and alternative social classifications (1990) Longitudinal study: mortality and social organisation, pp. 163-192. , In: Goldblatt Ped., London, HMSO; 
Davey Smith, G., Bartley, M., Blane, B., The Black report on socioeconomic inequalities in health ten years on (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 373-377; 
Davey Smith, G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., The magnitude and causes of socioeconomic differentials in mortality: further evidence from the Whitehall Study (1990) J Epidemiol Community Health, 44, pp. 265-270; 
Nie, N.H., (1983) Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS/X), , Chicago, McGraw-Hill; 
Forsdahl, A., Living conditions in childhood and subsequent development of risk factors for arteriosclerotic heart disease. The cardiovascular survey in Finnmark 1974–75 (1978) J Epidemiol Community Health, 32, pp. 34-37; 
Kuh, D., Davey Smith, G., When is mortality risk determined? Historical insights into a current debate (1993) Social History of Medicine, 6, pp. 101-123; 
Barker, D.J.P., Winter, P.D., Osmond, C., Margetts, B., Simmons, S.J., Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease (1989) Lancet, 2, pp. 577-580; 
Barker, D.J.P., Bull, A.R., Osmond, C., Simmonds, S.J., Fetal and placental size and risk of hypertension in adult life (1990) BMJ, 301, pp. 259-262; 
Mann, S.L., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Colley, J.R.T., Accumulation of factors influencing respiratory illness in members of a national birth cohort and their offspring (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 36, pp. 286-292; 
Wadsworth, M.E.J., (1991) The imprint of time: childhood, history and adult life, , Oxford, Clarendon Press; 
Colley, J.R.T., Douglas, J.W.B., Reid, D., Respiratory disease in young adults: influence of lower respiratory tract illness, social class, air pollution and smoking (1973) BMJ, 2, pp. 195-198; 
Barker, D.J.P., Martyn, C.N., The maternal and fetal origins of cardiovascular disease (1992) J Epidemiol Community Health, 46, pp. 8-11; 
Barker, D.J.P., Godfrey, K.M., Fall, C., Osmond, C., Winter, P.D., Shaheen, S.O., Relation of birth weight and childhood respiratory infection to adult lung function and death from chronic obstructive airways disease (1991) BMJ, 303, pp. 671-675; 
Wilkinson, R.G., Socio-economic differences in mortality: interpreting the data on their size and trends (1986) Class and health: research and longitudinal data, , In: Wilkinson RGed., London, Tavistock; 
Hales, C.N., Barker, D.J.P., Clark, P.M.S., Cox, L.J., Fall, C., Osmond, C., (1991) Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64 BMJ, 303, pp. 1019-1022; 
Vernon, H.M., (1939) Health in relation to occupation, , London, Oxford University Press; 
Davey Smith, G., Ben-Shlomo, Y., (1992) Early growth and clotting factors in adult life BMJ, 304, p. 638; 
Martyn, C.N., Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., (1993) Selective migration by birthweight J Epidemiol Community Health, 47, p. 76; 
Bentham, G., Migration and morbidity: implications for geographical studies of disease (1988) Soc Sci Med, 26, pp. 49-54; 
Davey Smith, G., Phillips, A.N., Confounding in epidemiological studies: why “independent” effects may not be all they seem (1992) BMJ, 305, pp. 757-759; 
Davey Smith, G., Phillips, A.N., Neaton, J.D., (1992) Smoking as “independent” risk factor for suicide: illustration of an artifact from observational epidemiology? Lancet, 340, pp. 709-712
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028054217&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.309.6967.1475&partnerID=40&md5=ba20d5da4c80025f4cb00a7ec1f828af
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Social changes and the evolution of reproduction patterns in Xishuangbanna.
T2  - Chinese journal of population science
J2  - Chin J Popul Sci
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
SP  - 25
EP  - 36
PY  - 1994
SN  - 10448403 (ISSN) 
AU  - Cheng, X.
AU  - Shi, R.
AB  - Reproductive changes were described in Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture in China. Data from a retrospective sample survey conducted from 1986 to 1987 on birth cohorts in the early 1920s revealed for the ethnic minorities of Bulang, Jino, and Dai a fertility rate of 4 or more children. Bulang and Jino women had lower fertility. The birth rate was estimated during the early 1950s at 40%; other local survey data showed an average birth rate of 50.07% in 1953 and 1954. Early records indicated that the area was known for barbarism, tropical diseases, and malaria epidemics. During the 1950s malaria was estimated at over 50%. Small localized surveys revealed average annual mortality rates of 43.6% in 1953 and 1954. Measles and smallpox were also pernicious. There were shortages of food, poor health, and hardly any medical care during the decline of the feudal system. Beliefs in the "pipa ghosts" entering the bodies of malaria victims was believed to cause malaria. Sanitation and hygiene were not practiced, and hospitals catered to mainly local officials and headmen. Data on Cheli County, which is now part of Wuben District in Menghai County, in 1951 and 1983 showed the Dai population increased from 29,634 to 33,209 (12.06%) and the Jino population increased by 4% to 3000. In 1954 mortality ranged from 30.64% to 42.5%, the birth rate was 37.7%, and natural growth was 7.06%. Mortality was high due to lack of medical facilities and medicine. A study in 1981 of elderly women revealed that mortality could be 14 out of 18 children born. Between 1953 and 1991 population in Xishuangbanna increased to 796,352, a growth of 2.76 times. The birth rate declined in 3 periods and has remained around 20%. Dai fertility declined the most. Reproductive characteristics of the Xishuangbanna were high birth rates before 1970 and low birth rates after 1971; high mortality before 1956, a rapid drop during 1959-65, continued decline during 1966-70, and stabilization during 1971-91; and low growth before 1956, high growth during 1957-70, and low growth during 1971-91. Xishuangbanna completed its demographic transition. After liberation, educational advances and access to medical care played significant roles in lowering mortality.
KW  - reproduction rate
KW  - article
KW  - Asia
KW  - birth rate
KW  - China
KW  - cultural anthropology
KW  - Cultural Background
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - demography
KW  - developing country
KW  - Eastern Asia
KW  - ethnic group
KW  - Far East
KW  - fertility
KW  - Fertility Decline
KW  - Fertility Measurements
KW  - methodology
KW  - Period Analysis
KW  - population
KW  - population and population related phenomena
KW  - population dynamics
KW  - research
KW  - social change
KW  - Asia
KW  - Birth Rate
KW  - China
KW  - Cultural Background
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Eastern Asia
KW  - Ethnic Groups
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Fertility Decline
KW  - Fertility Measurements
KW  - Fertility Rate
KW  - Period Analysis
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Social Change
KW  - Asia
KW  - Birth Rate
KW  - China
KW  - Culture
KW  - Demography
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Ethnic Groups
KW  - Far East
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Research
KW  - Social Change
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 12288176
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Cheng, X.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028680032&partnerID=40&md5=cf98a2d758174d3d7db79f88715fc01a
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The suicide mortality of age groups in both parts of Germany 
ST  - Die Suizidsterblichkeit der Geburtsjahrgänge in beiden Teilen Deutschlands
T2  - Sozial- und Präventivmedizin SPM
J2  - Soz Präventivmed
VL  - 39
IS  - 4
SP  - 198
EP  - 208
PY  - 1994
DO  - 10.1007/BF01309219
SN  - 03038408 (ISSN) 
AU  - Dinkel, R.H.
AU  - Görtler, E.
AD  - Universität Bamberg, Feldkirchenstr. 21, Bamberg, D-96052, Germany
AB  - In the past a long-term comparison of suicides between the two German states has been prevented by the lack of published data on suicide mortality in the former GDR. These data are available now, showing a surprising similarity in the developments. The level of suicide mortality has been higher in the GDR from the beginning, but both countries experienced very similar reductions in the absolute und relative importance of suicide for overall mortality since the mid 1970's. A cohort analysis of suicide mortality is able to contribute to the explanation of the gap in suicide mortality between East and West Germany. The excess suicide mortality in East Germany is the result of a cohort effect and heavily concentrates on male and female birth cohorts from 1925 to 1945. For these cohorts the excess mortality due to suicide explains up to 25 percent of the total excess mortality compared with the same West German birth cohorts. © 1994 Birkhäuser Verlag.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cause of death
KW  - child
KW  - comparative study
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - female
KW  - German Democratic Republic
KW  - German Federal Republic
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - sex difference
KW  - suicide
KW  - suicide attempt
KW  - age
KW  - germany
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - mortality
KW  - suicide
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Effect
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Female
KW  - Germany, East
KW  - Germany, West
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Suicide
KW  - Suicide, Attempted
PB  - Birkhäuser-Verlag
N1  - Cited By :5
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SZPMA
C2  - 7941770
LA  - German
N1  - Correspondence Address: Dinkel, R.H.; Universität Bamberg, Feldkirchenstr. 21, Bamberg, D-96052, Germany
N1  - References: DeCatanzaro D. Suicide and Self-Damaging Behavior. A Sociobiological Perspective, New Xork 1981; Durkheim E. Der Selbstmord, Frankfurt 1983; Müller P. Suizid in Sachsen. Soziologische Annäherung an ein brisantes Thema, in: MMG 16, 1991, S. 136–145; Hoffmeister H, Wiesener G, Junge, B und Kant H. Selbstmordsterblichkeit in der DDR und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, in: MMW, 132, 1990, S. 603–609; Kirsch, O.V., Suizidalität in Ost und West: Bedeutung sozialer Faktoren? (1991) MMW, 133 (5), p. 18; 
Pöhls V. Kognitiv-utilitaristische Suizidhandlungstheorie. Darstellung, abgeleitete Massnahmen, Anwendung und Konfrontation mit anderen Suizidhandlungstheorien, Regensburg 1987; Schmidtke A. Verhaltenstheoretisches Modell suizidalen Verhaltens, Regensburg 1988; Baechler J. Suicides, Oxford 1979; Welz R, Pohlmeier H (Hrsg.). Selbstmordhandlungen. Suizid und Suizidversuch aus interdisziplinärer Sicht, Weinheim 1981; Welz R, Möller HJ (Hrsg.). Bestandsaufnahme der Suizidforschung, Regensburg 1984; Ringel E. Der Selbstmord, Wien 1953; Kneerich-Woerner M. Der Selbstmord, Frankfurt am Main 1988; Henseler H. Narzisstische Krisen. Zur Psychodynamik des Selbstmords. Reinbek 1974; Schulze A. Selbstmord und Selbstmordversuche in Leipzig. Zur Erklärung suizidaler Handlungen in der DDR, Regensburg 1986; Douglas JD. The Social Meanings of Suicide, Princeton 1967; Jantzen W, von Salzen W. Autoaggressivität und selbstverletzendes Verhalten. Pathogenese, Neuropsychologie und Psychotherapie, Berlin, 1990; Christe Ch. Suizid im Alter. Dimensionen eines ignorierten Problems, Bielefeld 1989; Vössing G, Welz R, Pohlmeier H. Häufigkeit und Veränderungen der Suizidziffer älterer Menschen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland von 1953 bis 1986, in: Böhme, K., Lungershausen, E.: Suizid und Depression im Alter, Regensburg 1988; Heim N, Konkol N. Suizidverteilung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1981–1986), in: Öff. Gesundh.-Wes. 51, 1989, S. 608–613; Casper W. Selbstmordsterblichkeit in der DDR 1961–1989 und nach Bezirken 1989, Sonderheft des Instituts für Medizinische Statistik und Datenverarbeitung, Berlin 1990; Hoffmeister H, Wiesner G, Junge B, Kant H. Selbstmordsterblichkeit in der DDR und in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, in: MMW, 132, 1990, S. 603–609; Lindner-Braun Ch. Soziologie des Selbstmords, Opladen 1990; Barraclough BM, Hughes J. Suicide: clinical and epidemiological studies, London 1987; Faust V (Hrsg.). Suizidgefahr. Häufigkeit-Ursachen-Motive-Prävention-Therapie. Stuttgart 1984; Moesler TA, Weidenhammer W, Lungershausen E. Vergleich soziodemographischer Daten von selbstaggressiven mit fremdaggressiven Personen im Nürnberger Stadtgebiet. in: Nervenheilkunde, 10, 1991, S. 193–197; Schmitt W, Mundt Ch. Zur Differentialtypologie von Patienten mit harten und weichen Suizidmethoden, in: Der Nervenarzt 62, 1991, S. 440–444; Stosberg K. Sucht und Suizid als Formen abweichenden Verhaltens in der soziologischen Analyse, in Nervenheilkunde, 9, 1990, S. 191–195; Schmidtke A, Häfner H, Möller HJ, Wedler H, Böhme K. Häufigkeiten und Trends von Suizidversuchen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschlandeine methodische Studie, in: Das Öffentliche Gesundheitswesen, 50, 1988, S. 272–277; Stillion JM und McDowell EE. Examining suicide from a lifespan perspective, in: Death Studies, 15, 1991, S. 327–354; Reimer C (Hrsg.). Suizid. Ergebnisse und Therapie. Berlin 1982; Specht F, Schmidtke A (Hrsg.). Selbstmordhandlungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen, Regensburg 1986; Wolf S. Die suizidale Krise, in: Z. ärztl. Fortbild. 85, 1991, S. 465–468; Venzlaff, U., Die Lebenssituation alter Menschen im Hinblick auf die Suizidgefährdung (1980) MMG, 18, pp. 671-676; 
Hautzinger M. Selbstmordhandlung im Alter, in: Hautzinger, M., Hoffmann, N. (Hrsg.): Depression und Umwelt, Salzburg 1979, S. 225–237; Dorpat TL, Anderson WF, Ripley HS. The relationship of physical illness to suicide, in: H.L.P. Resnik, Hrsg., Suicide: Diagnosis and management, Boston, 1968, S. 209–219; Schneider, V., Das Auto als Mittel zum Suizid (1990) MMW, 132, pp. 29-30; 
Jakob O. Der Suizid in der Schweiz 1876–1977, in: Sozial- und Präventivmedizin, 24, 1979, S. 21–27; Angermeyer MC, Robra BP, Wagner P. Suizid in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1952–1981, in: MMW, 127, 1985, S., 153–156; Häfner H, Schmidtke A. Suizid und Suizidversuche-Epidemiologie und Ätiologie, in: Nervenheilkunde, 6, 1987, S. 49–63; Dinkel, R.H., Kohortensterbetafeln für die Geburtsjahrgänge ab 1900 bis 1962 in den beiden Teilen Deutschlands (1992) Zeitschrift für Bevölkerungswissenschaft, 1, pp. 95-116
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028169271&doi=10.1007%2fBF01309219&partnerID=40&md5=ccf35986e80283a11c2468f7df0b2f2b
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Malignant melanoma incidence in Connecticut (United States): time trends and age-period-cohort modeling by anatomic site
T2  - Cancer Causes & Control
J2  - Cancer Causes Control
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
SP  - 341
EP  - 350
PY  - 1994
DO  - 10.1007/BF01804985
SN  - 09575243 (ISSN) 
AU  - Chen, Y.-T.
AU  - Zheng, T.
AU  - Holford, T.R.
AU  - Berwick, M.
AU  - Dubrow, R.
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208034, New Haven, 06520-8034, CT, United States
AD  - Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, New York, NY, United States
AB  - This study examined time trends and age-period-cohort patterns in the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) by gender and anatomic site in Connecticut (United States) between 1950 and 1989, using data from the population-based Connecticut Tumor Registry. A total of 8,249 invasive CMM incident cases were included. Cases were grouped into melanomas of the head and neck, upper limb, lower limb, and trunk. Between 1950 and 1989, rates increased substantially for all sites. The largest relative increases occurred in melanoma of the upper limb for both males and females; the largest absolute increase occurred for melanoma of the trunk in males; and the smallest increase occurred in head and neck melanoma in females. Recent trends for time periods 1970-89 among birth cohorts 1930-69 indicated that the rate of increase of CMM is slowing substantially among males, but not among females. Nevertheless, continued overall increases in CMM incidence are likely in Connecticut in the 1990s in both genders, with a decrease in the male-female ratio. The age-period-cohort patterns were significantly different between the genders and among anatomic sites, suggesting different trends in carcinogenic exposures (mainly ultraviolet radiation from the sun) or etiologic distinctions between males and females and among the sites. © 1994 Rapid Communications of Oxford Ltd.
KW  - Age-period-cohort
KW  - anatomic site
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cutaneous malignant melanoma
KW  - gender
KW  - time trends
KW  - United States
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - gender
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - melanoma
KW  - priority journal
KW  - sex difference
KW  - sun exposure
KW  - tumor localization
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Arm
KW  - Body Surface Area
KW  - Cohort Effect
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Connecticut
KW  - Female
KW  - Head and Neck Neoplasms
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Leg
KW  - Male
KW  - Melanoma
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Models, Statistical
KW  - Registries
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Skin Neoplasms
KW  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
KW  - Thoracic Neoplasms
KW  - Time Factors
PB  - Kluwer Academic Publishers
N1  - Cited By :32
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CCCNE
C2  - 8080946
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Chen, Y.-T.; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208034, New Haven, 06520-8034, CT, United States
N1  - References: Jensen, O.M., Bolander, A.M., Trends in malignant melanoma of the skin (1980) World Health Stat, 33, pp. 3-26; 
Roush, G.C., Holford, T.R., Schymura, M.J., White, C., (1987) Cancer Risk and Incidence Trends. The Connecticut Perspective, , Hemisphere Publishing, Washington, DC (US); 
MacLennan, R., Green, A.C., McLeod, G.R.C., Martin, N.G., Increasing incidence of cutaneous melanoma in Queensland, Australia (1992) JNCI, 84, pp. 1427-32; 
Osterlind, A., Engholm, G., Jensen, O.M., Trends in cutaneous malignant melanoma in Denmark 1943–1982 by anatomic sites (1988) APMIS, 96, pp. 953-63; 
Thorn, M., Bergstrom, R., Adami, H-O, Ringborg, U., Trends in the incidence of malignant melanoma in Sweden, by anatomic site, 1960–1984 (1990) Am J Epidemiol, 132, pp. 1066-77; 
Magnus, K., Habits of sun exposure and risk of malignant melanoma: An analysis of incidence rates in Norway 1955–1977 by cohort, sex, age, and primary tumor site (1981) Cancer, 48, pp. 2329-35; 
Houghton, A., Flannery, J., Viola, M.V., Malignant melanoma in Connecticut and Denmark (1980) Int J Cancer, 25, pp. 95-104; 
Stevens, R.G., Moolgavkar, S.H., Malignant melanoma: dependence of site-specific risk on age (1984) Am J Epidemiol, 119, pp. 890-5; 
Boyle, P., Day, N., Magnus, K., Mathematical modeling of malignant melanoma trends in Norway, 1953–1978 (1983) Am J Epidemiol, 118, pp. 887-96; 
Roush, G.C., Schymura, M.J., Holford, T.R., Patterns of invasive melanoma in the Connecticut Tumor Registry: Is the long-term increase real? (1988) Cancer, 61, pp. 2586-95; 
Dennis, L.K., White, E., Lee, J.A.H., Recent cohort trends in malignant melanoma by anatomic site in the United States (1993) Cancer Causes Control, 4, pp. 93-100; 
Heston, J.F., Kelly, J.A.B., Meigs, J.W., Flannery, J.T., Forty-five years of cancer incidence in Connecticut 1935–1979 (1986) NCI Monogr, 70, pp. 1-31; 
(1976) International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, , World Health Organization, 1st edn., World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; 
(1986) International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Field Trial Edition, , International Agency for Research on Cancer and the National Cancer Institute, IARC, Lyon, France; 
Holford, T.R., Understanding the effects of age, period, and cohort on incidence and mortality rates (1991) Ann Rev Public Health, 12, pp. 425-47; 
Baker, R.G., Nelder, J.A., (1978) The GLIM system: Release 3, , Numerical Algorithms Group, Oxford, UK; 
Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. I. Age-period and age-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 449-67; 
Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. II. Age-period and age-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 469-81; 
Green, A., MacLennan, R., Youl, P., Martin, N., Site distribution of cutaneous melanoma in Queensland (1993) Int J Cancer, 53, pp. 232-6; 
Osterlind, A., Hou-Jensen, K., Jensen, O.M., Incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Denmark 1978–1982. Anatomic site distribution, histologic type, and comparison with non-melanoma skin cancer (1988) Br J Cancer, 58, pp. 385-91; 
Scotto, J., Pitcher, H., Lee, J.A.H., Indications of future decreasing trends in skin-melanoma mortality among Whites in the United States (1991) Int J Cancer, 49, pp. 490-7; 
van der Esch, E.P., Muir, C.S., Nectoux, J., Temporal change in diagnostic criteria as a cause of the increase of malignant melanoma over time is unlikely (1991) Int J Cancer, 47, pp. 483-90; 
Koh, H.K., Cutaneous melanoma (1991) N Engl J Med, 325, pp. 171-82; 
Artrong, B.K., Epidemiology of melanoma: intermittent or total accumulated exposure to the sun? (1988) J Dermatol Surg Oncol, 14, pp. 835-49; 
Young, S.W., A list of photosensitizing agents of interest to the dermatologist (1964) Bull Assoc Milit Derm, 13, pp. 33-5; 
Lamberg, S.I., A new photosensitizer (1967) JAMA, 201, pp. 121-4; 
Ashwood-Smith, M.J., Possible cancer hazard associated with 5-methoxypsoralen in suntan preparations (1979) Br Med J, 2, p. 1144; 
Stoica, A., Hoffman, M., Marta, L., Voiculetz, N., Estradiol and progesterone receptors in human cutaneous melanoma (1991) Neoplasma, 38, pp. 137-45; 
Osterlind, A., Hormonal and reproductive factors in melanoma risk (1992) Clin Dermatol, 10, pp. 75-8; 
Walter, S.D., Marrett, L.D., Shannon, H.S., Form, L., Hertzman, C., The association of cutaneous malignant melanoma and fluorescent light exposure (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 135, pp. 749-62; 
Elwood, J.M., Could melanoma be caused by fluorescent light? A review of relevant epidemiology (1985) Rec Res Cancer Res, 102, pp. 127-36; 
Walter, S.D., Marrett, L.D., Form, L., Hertzman, C., Shannon, H.S., Roy, P., The association of cutaneous malignant melanoma with the use of sunbeds and sunlamps (1990) Am J Epidemiol, 131, pp. 232-43; 
Clark, W.H., Jr, Mihm, M.C., Jr, Lentigo maligna and lentigo-maligna melanoma (1969) Am J Pathol, 55, p. 39; 
Green, A., A theory of site distribution of melanomas: Queensland, Australia (1992) Cancer Causes Control, 3, pp. 513-6
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028362862&doi=10.1007%2fBF01804985&partnerID=40&md5=1a6f5eb54efac37bae668549467f5e42
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Smoking habits since 1910 among Norwegian men and women born after 1890 
ST  - Røykevaner siden 1910 blant norske menn og kvinner født etter 1890.
T2  - Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening
J2  - Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen
VL  - 114
IS  - 14
SP  - 1623
EP  - 1626
PY  - 1994
SN  - 00292001 (ISSN) 
AU  - Rønneberg, A.
AU  - Hafstad, A.
AU  - Lund, K.E.
AD  - Institutt for epidemiologisk kreftforskning, Montebello, Oslo.
AB  - This article describes smoking habits among Norwegian men and women born between 1890 and 1974. In order to follow the smoking habits in groups which included the same persons throughout the observation period, the proportion of smokers in five-year birth cohorts of men and women was tabulated by age or calendar year of birth. The percentage of smokers was more than five times higher in men than in women born during the period 1890-94, but the gap declined with later year of birth until no gender difference existed between men and women born after 1950. Male smoking peaked in the 1950s with 76-78% smokers in men born in the period 1915-34. The highest proportion of female smokers was observed around 1970, when 52% smoked among those born in the 1940s. Since 1955, smoking has declined in all cohorts of men, whereas the decline in female smoking started in the early 1970s.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - comparative study
KW  - female
KW  - history
KW  - history of medicine
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - Norway
KW  - sex difference
KW  - smoking
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Female
KW  - History of Medicine, 20th Cent.
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Norway
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Smoking
N1  - Cited By :9
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 8079267
LA  - Norwegian
N1  - Correspondence Address: Rønneberg, A.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028782598&partnerID=40&md5=6fac75e536f50c4f84ae6d9ea7867cf5
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Worldwide pattern of mortality from motor vehicle accidents, 1950-1990
T2  - Sozial- und Präventivmedizin SPM
J2  - Soz Präventivmed
VL  - 39
IS  - 3
SP  - 150
EP  - 178
PY  - 1994
DO  - 10.1007/BF01299659
SN  - 03038408 (ISSN) 
AU  - La Vecchia, C.
AU  - Levi, F.
AU  - Lucchini, F.
AU  - Negri, E.
AD  - Institut universitaire de médecine sociale et préventive, CHUV-Falaises 1, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
AD  - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
AD  - Istituto di Biometria e Statistica Medica, Milano, Italy
AD  - Registre Vaudois des Tumeurs, Institut universitaire de médecine sociale et préventive, Lausanne, Switzerland
AB  - Trends in age-specific and age-standardized death certification rates from motor vehicle accidents over the period 1950-1990 were analyzed for 48 countries from four continents (2 from North America, 10 from Latin America, 8 from Asia, 26 from Europe, Australia and New Zealand) on the basis of data produced by the World Health Organization mortality database. In most developed western and Asiatic countries, mortality rates increased until the late 1960's or early 1970's, and declined thereafter to reach values often lower than those of the early 1950's, although the number of circulating vehicles has substantially increased over the same calendar period. The extent of the decline was, however, different in various countries, as well as in the two sexes and in various age groups, thus leading to complex cohort and period patterns. In general, countries (like the U. S. A. or U. K.), where the number of motor vehicles had increased earlier, have now comparatively higher rates at younger than at middle and older age, while the opposite is observed in countries with later spread of motor vehicles. Further, there were a few countries, including Kuwait, Venezuela and several other Latin American countries, Australia and New Zealand, and several southern and eastern European countries, with exceedingly high rates from motor vehicle accidents, and where comprehensive interventions on this important cause of death are therefore a public health priority. © 1994 Birkhäuser Verlag.
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - car driving
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - health education
KW  - human
KW  - prevention
KW  - preventive medicine
KW  - traffic accident
KW  - world health organization
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Causes Of Death
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Differential Mortality
KW  - Economic Factors
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Transportation
KW  - Travel And Tourism
KW  - World
KW  - Accidents, Traffic
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Americas
KW  - Australia
KW  - Europe
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - New Zealand
KW  - South America
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PB  - Birkhäuser-Verlag
N1  - Cited By :9
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SZPMA
C2  - 7519384
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Levi, F.; Institut universitaire de médecine sociale et préventive, CHUV-Falaises 1, Lausanne, CH-1011, Switzerland
N1  - References: Doll, R., Major epidemics of the 20th century: from coronary thrombosis to AIDS (1987) J R Statist Soc, 150, pp. 373-395; 
Automobile-related injuries. Components, trends, prevention (1983) JAMA, 249, pp. 3216-3222. , Council on Scientific Affairs; 
Avery, J.G., Sealt belt success: where next? (1984) BMJ, 288, pp. 662-663; 
Alcohol and the driver (1986) JAMA, 255, pp. 522-527. , Council on Scientific Affairs; 
Baker, S.P., Whitfield, R.A., O'Neill, B., Geographic variations in mortality from motor vehicle crashes (1987) N Engl J Med, 316, pp. 1384-1387; 
Foster, G.R., Dunbar, J.A., Whittet, D., Fernando, G.C.A., Contribution of alcohol to deaths in road traffic accidents in Tayside 1982–1986 (1988) BMJ, 296, pp. 1430-1432; 
West, R., Slowing the speedy. Strong evidence that speed limits reduce deaths (1988) BMJ, 297, pp. 1069-1070; 
Bodiwala, G.G., Thomas, P.D., Otubushin, A., Protective effect of rearseat restraints during car collisions (1989) Lancet, 1, pp. 369-371; 
McCarthy, M., The benefit of seat belt legislation in the United Kingdom (1989) J Epidemiol Community Health, 43, pp. 218-222; 
McGee, D., Rhodes, P., Estimating trends in the effectiveness of seat belts in saving lives, 1975–1985 (1989) Stat Med, 8, pp. 379-385; 
Chorba, T.L., Reinfurt, D., Hulka, B.S., Efficacy of mandatory seat-belt use legislation. The North Carolina experience from 1983 through 1987 (1988) JAMA, 260, pp. 3593-3597; 
Van Beeck, E.F., Mackenbach, J.P., Looman, C.W.N., Kunst, A.E., Determinants of traffic accident mortality in the Netherlands: a geographical analysis (1991) Int J Epidemiol, 20, pp. 698-706; 
Loomis, D.P., Occupation, industry, and fatal motor vehicle crashes in 20 States, 1986–1987 (1991) Am J Public Health, 81, pp. 733-735; 
Lowenfels, A.B., Wynn, P.S., One less for the road. International trends in alcohol consumption and vehicular fatalities (1992) Ann Epidemiol, 2, pp. 249-256; 
Evans, L., Frick, M.C., Car size or car mass: which has greater influence on fatality risk? (1992) Am J Public Health, 82, pp. 1105-1112; 
Robertson, L.S., Fatal car fires from rear-end crashes. The effects of fuel tank placement before and after regulation (1993) Am J Public Health, 83, pp. 1168-1170; 
La Vecchia, C., Decarli, A., La mortalità per incidenti stradali in Italia, 1955–1979 (1986) Giornale Italiano di Ortopedia e Traumatologia, 12, pp. 553-559; 
(1950) International Classification of Diseases, , World Health Organization, World Health Organization, Geneva; 
(1957) International Classification of Diseases, , World Health Organization, World Health Organization, Geneva; 
(1967) International Classification of Diseases, , World Health Organization, World Health Organization, Geneva; 
(1977) International Classification of Diseases, , World Health Organization, World Health Organization, Geneva; 
Doll, R., Smith, P.G., Comparison between registries: age-standardized rates (1982) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Vol. IV, pp. 671-675. , J.A.H., Waterhouse, C.S., Muir, K., Shanmugaratnam, et al., IARC Scient Publ, No. 42, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; 
Teanby, D., Underreporting of pedestrian road accidents (1992) BMJ, 304, p. 422; 
Chorba, T.L., Assessing technologies for preventing injuries in motor vehicle crashes (1991) Int J Technol Assess Health Care, 7, pp. 296-314; 
Salmi, L.R., Battista, R.N., Epidemiologic assessment of hazardous roadway locations (1990) Epidemiology, 1, pp. 311-314; 
Evans, L., How safe were today's older drivers when they were younger? (1993) Am J Epidemiol, 137, pp. 769-775
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027993892&doi=10.1007%2fBF01299659&partnerID=40&md5=b6da4832289312544d71791e8110fff8
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Childhood eczema: Disease of the advantaged?
T2  - BMJ
J2  - BMJ
VL  - 308
IS  - 6937
SP  - 1132
PY  - 1994
DO  - 10.1136/bmj.308.6937.1132
SN  - 09598138 (ISSN) 
AU  - Williams, H.C.
AU  - Strachan, D.P.
AU  - Hay, R.J.
AD  - St John's Institute of Dermatology, United Medical Schools of Guy's and St Thomas's Hospitals, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective: To determine whether the increased prevalence of childhood eczema inadvantaged socioeconomic groups is due to increased parental reporting. Design: Comparison of parental reports of eczema with visible eczema recorded by medical officers during a detailed physical examination. Setting: National birth cohort study. Subjects: 8279 children from England, Wales, and Scotland born during 3-9 March 1958 and followed up at the ages of 7, 11, and 16. Main outcome measures: Prevalence of eczema according to parental report compared with medical officer's examination at the ages of 7, 11, and 16. Results: Prevalence of both reported and examined eczema increased with rising social class at the ages of 7, 11, and 16 years. The point prevalence of examined eczema at age 7 was 4.8%, 3.6%, 3.6%, 2.4%, 2.2%, and 2.4% in social classes I, II, III non-manual, III manual, IV, and V respectively (X2 value for linear trend 12.6, P&lt;0.001). This trend persisted after adjustment for potential confounders such as region and family size and was not present for examined psoriasis or acne. Conclusions: Eczema is more prevalent among British schoolchildren in social classes I and II than those in lower classes. Exposures associated with social class are probably at least as important as genetic factors in the expression of childhood eczema. © 1994, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - childhood disease
KW  - controlled study
KW  - eczema
KW  - environmental exposure
KW  - high risk population
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - social class
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Chi-Square Distribution
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Eczema
KW  - Family Characteristics
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Humans
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Male
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Residence Characteristics
KW  - Social Class
N1  - Cited By :217
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 8173454
LA  - English
N1  - References: Golding, J., Peters, T.J., The epidemiology of childhood eczema. 1. A population based study of associations (1987) Paediatr Perinatal Epidemiol, 1, pp. 67-79; 
Peters, T.J., Golding, J., The epidemiology of childhood eczema. 2. Statistical analysis to identify independent early predictors (1987) Paediatr Perinatal Epidemiol, 1, pp. 80-94; 
Wuthrich, B., (1989) Epidemiology of the allergic diseases: are they really on the increase? Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol, 90, pp. 3-10; 
Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Wadsworth, M., Peckham, C., Changes in the reported prevalence of childhood eczema since the 1938–45 war (1984) Lancet, 2, pp. 1255-1257; 
Waters, W.E., Migraine, social class, and familial prevalence (1971) BMJ, 2, pp. 77-81; 
Atkins, E., Cherry, N.M., Douglas, J.W.B., Kiernan, K.E., Wadsworth, M.E.J., The 1946 British birth survey: an account of the origins, progress and results of the national survey of health and development (1981) An empirical basis for primary prevention: prospective longitudinal research in Europe, pp. 25-30. , In: Mednick SABaert AEeds., Oxford, Oxford University Press; 
Golding, J., Peters, T.J., Eczema and hay fever (1986) From birth to five–a study of the health and behaviour of Britain's 5-year-olds, , In: Butler NRGolding Jeds., Oxford, Pergamon Press; 
Shepherd, P.M., (1985) The national child development study: an introduction to the origins of the study and the methods of data collection, , London, NCDS User Support Group, City University; 
Leete, R., Fox, A.J., Registrar general's social classes: origins and uses (1977) Population Trends, 9, pp. 1-7; 
Dean, A.G., Dean, J.A., Burton, A.H., Dicker, R.C., (1990) Epi-Info, Version 5.2, , Atlanta, Centers for Disease Control; 
(1988) Epidemiological graphics, estimation and testing package, , Seattle, Statistics and Epidemiology Research Corporation; 
Borelli, S., Schnyder, U.W., Neurodermatitis constitutionalis sive atopica. II (1965) Entzundliche dermatosen II, p. 254. , In: Miescher GStorck Heds., New York, Springer; 
Bowker, N.C., Cross, K.W., Fairburn, E.A., Wall, M., Sociological implications of an epidemiological study of eczema in the City of Birmingham (1976) Br J Dermatol, 95, pp. 137-144; 
Forster, J., Dungs, M., Wais, U., Urbanek, R., Atopie-verdachtige symptome in den ersten zwei Lebensjahren (1990) Klin Padiatr, 202, pp. 136-140; 
Burr, M., Miskelly, F.G., Butland, B.K., Merrett, T.G., Vaughan-Williams, E., Environmental factors and symptoms in infants at high risk of allergy (1989) J Epidemiol Community Health, 43, pp. 125-132; 
Arshad, S.W., Hide, D.W., Effect of environmental factors on the development of allergic disorders in infancy (1992) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 90, pp. 235-241; 
Strachan, D.P., Hay fever, hygiene and household size (1989) BMJ, 299, pp. 1259-1260; 
Strachan, D.P., Golding, J., Anderson, H.R., Regional variations in wheezing illness in British children: The effect of migration during early childhood (1990) J Epidemiol Community Health, 44, pp. 231-236; 
Anderson, H.R., Bland, J.M., Patel, S., Peckham, C., The natural history of asthma in childhood (1986) J Epidemiol Community Health, 40, pp. 121-129; 
Gergen, P.J., Turkeltaub, P.C., Kovar, M.G., The prevalence of allergic skin test reactivity to eight common aeroallergens in the US population: results from the second national health and nutrition examination survey (1987) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 80, pp. 669-679; 
Barbee, R.A., Lebowitz, M.D., Thompson, H.C., Burrows, B., Immediate skin test reactivity in a general population sample (1976) Ann Intern Med, 84, pp. 129-133; 
Freeman, C.L., Johnson, S., Allergic diseases in adolescents (1964) Am J Dis Child, 107, pp. 549-566; 
Smith, J.M., Incidence of atopic disease (1974) Med Clin North Am, 58, pp. 3-24; 
Larson, P.-A., Liden, S., Prevalence of skin disease among adolescents 12–16 years of age (1980) Acta Derm Venereol, 60, pp. 415-423; 
Freeman, G.L., Johnson, S., Allergic diseases in adolescents. I. Description of survey: prevalence of allergy (1964) Am J Dis Child, 107, pp. 549-559; 
Johnson, M.L.T., Roberts, J., Skin conditions and related need for medical care among persons 1–74 years (1978) Vital Health Statistics, 11, p. 212; 
Meding, B., Swanbeck, G., Prevalence of hand eczema in an industrial city (1987) Br J Dermatol, 116, pp. 627-634; 
Smit, H.A., Coenraads, P.J., Epidemiology of contact dermatitis (1993) Monogr Allergy, 31, pp. 29-48; 
(1979) Morbidity statistics from general practice 1971–2. Second national study, , London, Royal College of General Practitioners, OPCS; 
Coloff, M.J., Ayres, J., Carswell, F., Howarth, P.H., Merrett, T.G., Mitchell, G.B., The control of allergens of dust mites and domestic pets: a position paper (1992) Clin Exp Allergy, 122, pp. 545-551; 
Arshad, S.H., Matthews, S., Gant, C., Hide, D., Effect of allergen avoidance on development of allergic disorders in infancy (1992) Lancet, 339, pp. 1493-1497; 
Rajka, G., Atopic dermatitis. Correlation of environmental factors with frequency (1986) Int J Dermatol, 25, pp. 301-304
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028201857&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.308.6937.1132&partnerID=40&md5=f043ff939352846cd5b30a5f3fce58f6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - LONG‐TERM ASSOCIATIONS WITH INFANT FEEDING IN A CLINICALLY ADVANTAGED POPULATION OF BABIES
T2  - Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
J2  - Dev. Med. Child Neurol.
VL  - 36
IS  - 5
SP  - 429
EP  - 440
PY  - 1994
DO  - 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1994.tb11869.x
SN  - 00121622 (ISSN) 
AU  - Pollock, J.I.
AD  - Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, St Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
AB  - Information on infant feeding and child development was obtained from the 1970 British Births Survey and subsequent follow‐ups at five and 10 years of age. A clinically advantaged subsample of infants who were either exclusively bottle‐fed or exclusively breast‐fed for at least three months were selected in order to minimise biases against a disadvantaged bottle‐fed group. Only in the area of educational ability and attainment were differences observed as a function of the child's feeding patterns as an infant. Higher vocabulary test scores at five years and higher British Ability Scales test scores at 10 years were significantly associated with exclusive breast‐feeding for more than three months. These data support and extend results obtained in previous studies on long‐term developmental differences between breast‐fed and bottle‐fed children. Association a long terme avec ľalimentation chez des nourrissons ďune population en bonne santé Des informations concernant ľalimentation de nourrissons et le développement infantile ultérieur, ont été obtenues à partir de la British Births Survey de 1970 et un suivi ultérieur à cinq et dix ans ďâge. Un sous échantillon de nourrissons en excellente santé nourris exclusivement au sein pour les uns, au biberon pour les autres, durant au moins trois mois, ont été selectionnés dans le but de minimiser le bias marquant un groupe nourri au biberon qui aurait pu etre désavantagé par ailleurs. Ne furent considérés en relation avec le type ďalimentation chez le nourrisson que la capacitééducative et le niveau atteint. Un score plus élevé au vocabulaire à cinq ans et à la Higher British Ability Scale à 10 ans fut observé chez. les nourrissons exclusivement nourris au sein pour plus de trois mois. Ces données supportent et confirment les résultats obtenus dans des études précédentes sur les différences de développement à long terme entre nourrissons nourris au sein, ou nourris au biberon. Langzeiter/ahrungen über frühkindliche Ernährung bei einer klinisch besser versorgten Population von Säuglingen Informationen iiber frühklindliche Ernährung und kindliche Entwicklung wurden dem British Births Survey und anschliessenden Kontrolluntersuchungen mit fünf und zehn Jahren entnommen. Es wurde eine klinisch besser versorgte Untergruppe von Kindern ausgewählt, die mindestsens drei Monate ausschließlich mit der Flasche gefüttert Oder ausschließlich gestillt wurden, um Vorurteile gegen eine schlechter versorgte, mit der Flasche ernährte Gruppe möglichst auszuschließen. Nur im Bereich der schulischen Fähigkeiten und Erfolge wurden Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen beobachtet. Höhere Wortschatz Test Scores mit fünf Jahren und hohere British Ability Scale Test Scores mit zehn Jahren fanden sich signifikant häufiger in der Gruppe der mehr als drei Monate ausschließlich gestillten Kinder. Diese Daten bestätigen und erweitern Befunde aus früheren Studien uber Unterschiede in der l.angzeitentwicklung zwischen gestillten und mit der Flasche ernährten Kindern. Asociaciones a largo plazo de la alinientacidn del lactante en una poblacion de lactantes clinicamenle adelanlada En 1970 se obtuvo del British Birth Survey informatión sobre la alimentación del lactante y su dcsarrollo, asi como los subsiguientes seguimenios a los cinco y diez años de edad. Se seleccionó una submuestra de lactantes esclusivamente criados al pecho o con biberón durante por lo menos tres meses, con objeto de minimizar los sesgos contra un grupo desaventajado críado con biberón. Sólo en las areas de la habilidad educacional y en la adquisición final habian diferencias observadas como función de los esqucmas de alimentación en la lactancia. Unos puntajes mas altos en la prueba de vocabulario a los cinco años y en las escalas British Ability a los 10 años, estaban significativamente asociados a la lactancia exclusivamente materna durante mas de tres meses. Estos datos apoyan y amplian los resultados obtenidos en estudios previos sobre las diferencias de desarrollo a largo plazo entre los niños criados al pecho o con biberón. Copyright © 1994, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
KW  - article
KW  - artificial milk
KW  - breast milk
KW  - child
KW  - child development
KW  - feeding behavior
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - infant feeding
KW  - linguistics
KW  - priority journal
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Bottle Feeding
KW  - Breast Feeding
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Development
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant Nutrition
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Intelligence
KW  - Male
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :59
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 8168662
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Pollock, J.I.; Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, St Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Arnold, R., Yule, W., Martin, R., The psychological characteristics of infantile hypercalcaemia: a preliminary investigation (1985) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 27, pp. 49-59; 
Bauchner, H., Lorenthae, J.M., Shapiro, E.D., Studies of breast‐feeding and infections: how good is the evidence? (1986) Journal of the American Medical Association, 256, pp. 887-892; 
Bell, R.Z., Level of arousal in breast‐fed and bottle‐fed human newborns (1966) Psychosomatic Medicine, 28, pp. 177-180; 
Bernal, J., Crying during the first 10 days of life, and maternal responses (1972) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 14, pp. 362-372; 
Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1975) British Births 1970, Vol. I: The First Week of Life., , London:, Heinemann; 
Crawford, M.A., Hassam, A.G., Stevens, P.A., Essential fatty acid requirements in pregnancy and lactation with special reference to brain development (1988) Progress in Lipid Research, 20, pp. 31-40; 
(1984) Present‐day Practice in Infant Feeding. Report on Health and Social Subjects 9., , London:, HMSO; 
Elliot, C.D., Murray, D.J., Pearson, L.S., (1978) British Ability Scales., , Windsor:, NFER; 
Habicht, J.‐P., Davanzo, J., Butz, W.P., Does breastfeeding really save lives, or are apparent benefits due to biases? (1986) American Journal of Epidemiology, 123, pp. 279-290; 
Howie, P., Stewart Forsyth, J., Ogston, S.A., Clark, A., Florey, Protective effect of breast feeding against infection (1990) British Medical Journal, 300, pp. 11-16; 
Jackson, E.B., Wilkin, L.C., Auerbach, H., Statistical report on incidence and duration of breast‐feeding in relation to personal‐social and hospital maternity factors (1956) Pediatrics, 17, pp. 700-715; 
Lightwood, R., Sheldon, W., Harris, C., Stapleton, T., Hypercalcaemia in infants with vitamin D (1956) British Medical Journal, 2, p. 149; 
Little, R.E., Lambert, M.D., Worthington‐Roberts, B., Drinking and smoking at 3 months post‐partum by lactation history (1990) Paediatric Perinatal Epidemiology, 4, pp. 290-302; 
Lucas, A., Cole, T.J., Breast milk and neonatal necrotising enterocolitis (1990) Lancet, 336, pp. 1519-1523; 
Lucas, A., Gore, S.M., Cole, T.J., Bamford, M.F., Dossetor, J.F.B., Barr, I., DiCarlo, L., Lucas, P.J., Multicentre trial on feeding low birthweight infants: effects of diet on early growth (1984) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 59, pp. 722-730; 
Lucas, A., Brooke, O.G., Baker, B.A., Bishop, N., Morley, R., High alkaline phosphatase activity and growth in preterm neonates (1989) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 64, pp. 902-909; 
Lucas, A., Morley, R., Cole, T.J., Early diet in preterm babies and developmental status at 18 months (1990) Lancet, 335, pp. 1477-1481; 
Lucas, A., Lister, G., Leeson‐Payne, C., Breast milk and subsequent intelligence quotient in children born pre‐term (1992) Lancet, 339, pp. 261-264; 
Morley, R., Cole, T.J., Powell, R., Lucas, A., Mother's choice to provide breast milk and developmental outcome (1988) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 63, pp. 1382-1385; 
Newton, N., (1955) Maternal Emotions., , New York:, Hoeber; 
Ounsted, M., Moar, V.A., Cockburn, J., Redman, C.W.G., Factors associated with the intellectual ability of children born to women with high risk pregnancies (1984) British Medical Journal, 288, pp. 1038-1041; 
Richards, M.P.M., Feeding and the early growth of the mother‐child relationship (1975) Modern Problems in Paediatrics, 15, pp. 143-154; 
Rodgers, B., Feeding in infancy and later ability and attainment: a longitudinal study (1978) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 20, pp. 421-426; 
Rogan, W.J., Gladen, B.C., Breast‐feeding and cognitive development (1993) Early Human Development, 31, pp. 181-193; 
Sauls, H.S., Potential effect of demographic and other variables in studies comparing morbidity of breast‐fed and bottle‐fed infants (1991) Pediatrics, 64, pp. 523-527; 
Silva, P.A., Fergusson, D.M., Socioeconomic status, maternal characteristics, child experience and intelligence in pre‐school children (1976) New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies., 2, pp. 180-188; 
Silva, P.A., Buckfield, P., Spears, G.F., Some maternal and child developmental characteristics associated with breast‐feeding: a report from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Child Development Study (1978) Australian Paediatric Journal, 14, pp. 265-268; 
Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Breast‐feeding and child development at five years (1984) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 26, pp. 73-80; 
Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Golding, J., Wadsworth, J., “Breastfeeding, bronchitis and admissions for lower respiratory illness and gastroenteritis during the first five years (1982) Lancet, 1, pp. 1227-1229; 
Wood, C., Kempson, C., Beech, C., Brooke, O.G., An investigation of crying in the newborn in relation to maternal and infant factors (1988) Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology., 7, pp. 201-205; 
Wright, C.E., Gaull, G.E., Taurine in human milk: biological significance (1988) Biology of Human Milk. Nestle Nutrition Workshop Series, 15, pp. 95-104. , Hanson, I. A.,. New York:, Vevey/Raven Press; 
Breast feeding and lower respiratory tract illness in the first year of life (1989) British Medical Journal, 299, pp. 946-949
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028266812&doi=10.1111%2fj.1469-8749.1994.tb11869.x&partnerID=40&md5=b242bff7d578e470e2deadb4f32841f6
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The size of mortality differences associated with educational level in nine industrialized countries
T2  - American Journal of Public Health
J2  - AM. J. PUBLIC HEALTH
VL  - 84
IS  - 6
SP  - 932
EP  - 937
PY  - 1994
DO  - 10.2105/AJPH.84.6.932
SN  - 00900036 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kunst, A.E.
AU  - Mackenbach, J.P.
AD  - Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine/Health Sciences, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands
AB  - Objectives. This study addresses the question of whether inequalities in premature mortality related to educational level differ among countries. Methods. Data on mortality by educational level were obtained from longitudinal studies from nine industrialized countries. The data referred to men between 35 and 64 years of age. The follow-up periods occurred between 1970 and 1982. The size of mortality differences associated with educational level was measured by means of two inequality indices, both based on Poisson regression analysis. Results. Inequalities in mortality are relatively small in the Netherlands, Sweden, Denmark, and Norway and about two times as large in the United States, France, and Italy. Finland and England and Wales occupy intermediate positions. The large inequalities in mortality in the United States and France can be attributed in part to large inequalities in education in these countries. Conclusions. The international pattern found in this study was also observed in a comparison that used occupation as the socioeconomic indicator. Differences between countries in levels of inequality in mortality may be partially explained by the countries' different levels of egalitarian social and economic policies.
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - Denmark
KW  - education
KW  - Finland
KW  - France
KW  - human
KW  - industrialization
KW  - Italy
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Norway
KW  - Sweden
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
PB  - American Public Health Association Inc.
N1  - Cited By :288
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJPEA
C2  - 8203689
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kunst, A.E.; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine/Health Sciences, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028060126&doi=10.2105%2fAJPH.84.6.932&partnerID=40&md5=57e0d2f05d1c7bea3be65165485909b3
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Changing patterns in the epidemiology and hospital care of peptic ulcer
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Int. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 23
IS  - 6
SP  - 1206
EP  - 1217
PY  - 1994
DO  - 10.1093/ije/23.6.1206
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Primatesta, P.
AU  - Goldacre, M.J.
AU  - Seagroatt, V.
AD  - Unit of Health-Care Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Oxford, Oxford, 0X3 7LF, United Kingdom
AB  - Primatesta P (Unit of Health-Care Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK), Goldacre M J and Seagroatt V. Changing patterns in the epidemiology and hospital care of peptic ulcer. International Journal of Epidemiology 1994; 23: 1206-1217. Background. Our aim was to study trends in hospital admission rates for peptic ulcer in a geographically defined population, and to distinguish the effects of period, age and birth cohort on the rates. Methods. Analysis of linked, routinely collected abstracts of hospital inpatient care held by the Oxford record linkage study for the period 1970-1986. Age-and sex-specific and age-standardized hospitalization, readmission and operation rates were calculated for patients with peptic ulcer. Age, cohort and period effects were examined using log-linear models. Results. Records for a total of 5462 people with gastric ulcer and 10 186 with duodenal ulcer were identified. Overall, the age-standardized admission rates for both gastric and duodenal ulcer dedined over the study period. The decrease was confined to people <65 years of age. Among elderly patients admission rates for peptic ulcer increased over time, more so in females than in males. Admission rates were higher in the elderly than in young people for both gastric and duodenal ulcer. The apparent age effect was, in fact, mainly attributable to a birth cohort effect: age-specific admission rates were lower in people born after 1925 than in people born at the beginning of the century. This was more marked for males than females. There was a considerable decline in major operations undertaken on peptic ulcer; admission rates for endoscopy Increased; and readmission rates did not show significant changes. Conclusions. The overall decline found for hospital care of peptic ulcer during the study period is consistent with that found in England for mortality rates ascribed to peptic ulcer. The cohort effect found in the data for hospitalized morbidity supports that reported by others for mortality. The cohort effect indicates that the decline was related more to changes in risk factors in the cohorts born in different periods than to the introduction of new pharmacological treatments since the 1970s. © 1994 International Epidemiological Association.
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - data analysis
KW  - duodenum ulcer
KW  - endoscopy
KW  - female
KW  - hospital admission
KW  - hospital care
KW  - hospital patient
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - medical record
KW  - mortality
KW  - peptic ulcer
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk factor
KW  - sex difference
KW  - stomach ulcer
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Duodenal Ulcer
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Patient Admission
KW  - Sex Distribution
KW  - Stomach Ulcer
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :20
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 7721523
LA  - English
N1  - References: Elashoff, J.D., Grossman, M.I., Trends in hospital admission and death rates for peptic ulcer in the United States from 1970 to 1978 (1980) Gastroenterology, 78, pp. 280-285; 
Sonnenberg, A., Chicarro, M.L., Peptic ulcer in the United States (1991) Rev Esp Enferm Dig, 79, pp. 341-349; 
Coggon, D., Lambert, P., Langman, M., 20 years of hospital admission for peptic ulcer in England and Wales (1981) Lancet, 1, pp. 1302-1304; 
Bloom, B.S., Fendrick, A.M., Romsey, S.D., Changes in peptic ulcer and gastritis/duodenitis in Great Britain, 1970-1985 (1990) J Clin Gastroenterol, 12, pp. 100-108; 
Bloom, B.S., Cross-national changes in the effects of peptic ulcer disease (1991) Ann Intern Med, 114, pp. 558-562; 
Bodemar, G., Walan, A., Cimetidine in the treatment of active duodenal and prepyloric ulcers (1976) Lancet, 2, pp. 161-164; 
Blackwood, W.S., Maudgal, D.P., Pickard, R.G., Lawrence, D., Northfield, T.C., Cimetidine in duodenal ulcer controlled trial (1976) Lancet, 2, pp. 174-176; 
Fineberg, H.V., Pearlman, L.A., Surgical treatment of peptic ulcer in the United States. Trends before and after the introduction of cimetidine (1981) Lancet, 1, pp. 1305-1307; 
Willie, J.H., Clark, C.G., Alexander-Williams, J., Effect of cimetidine on surgery for duodenal ulcer (1981) Lancet, 1, pp. 1307-1308; 
Isemberg, I.J., The impact of H2-receptor antagonists on the complications, morbidity and mortality of peptic ulcer disease (1987) Aliment Pharmacol Ther, 1, pp. 447S-54SS; 
Ostensen, H., Gudmundsen, T.E., Bolz, K.D., Burhol, P.G., Bonnevie, O., The incidence of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer in North Norway (1985) Scand J Gastroenterol, 20, pp. 189-192; 
Bonnevie, O., The incidence of duodenal ulcer in Copenhagen county (1975) Scand J Gastroenterol, 10, pp. 385-393; 
Walt, R., Katschinski, B., Logan, R., Ashley, J., Langman, M., Rising frequency of ulcer perforation in elderly people in the United Kingdom (1986) Lancet, 1, pp. 489-492; 
International Classification of Diseases, 8th Revision (1967), Geneva: WHO; International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (1977), Geneva: WHO; Classification of Surgical Operations—3rd Revision (1975), London: OPCS; Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. I; Age-period and age-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 449-467; 
Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. II: Age-period-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 469-481; 
1981-1982 Morbidity Statistics from General Practice. Third National Study (1986), Series MB5 No. 1; London: HMSO; Sonnenberg, A., Muller, H., Pace, F., Birth-cohort analysis of pepticulcer mortality in Europe (1985) J Chron Dis, 38, pp. 309-317; 
Sonnenberg, A., Muller, H., Cohort and period effect in pepticulcer mortality from the USA (1984) Gastroenterology, 86, p. 1261; 
Westbrook, J.I., Rushworth, R.L., The epidemiology of pepticulcer mortality 1953-1989. A birth cohort analysis (1993) Int J Epidemiol, 22, pp. 1085-1092; 
Goldacre, M.J., Cause-specific mortality: Understanding uncertain tips of the disease iceberg (1993) J Epidemiol Community Health, 47, pp. 491-496; 
Susser, M., Stein, Z., Civilization and peptic ulcer (1962) Lancet, 1, pp. 115-119; 
La Vecchia, C., Lucchini, F., Negri, E., Reggi, V., Levi, F., The impact of therapeutic improvement in reducing peptic ulcer mortality in Europe (1993) Int J Epidemiol, 22, pp. 96-106; 
Series GHS No. 16; London: HMSO, 1989 (1986) Ch, p. 11; 
Caradoc-Davies, T.H., Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, arthritis and gastrointestinal bleeding in elderly in-patients (1984) Age Ageing, 13, pp. 295-298; 
Taylor, D.N., Blaser, M.J., The epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection (1991) Epidemiol Rev, 13, pp. 42-59; 
Parsonnel, J., Blaser, M.J., Perez-Perez, G.I., Hagrett-Beau, N., Tauxe, R.V., Symptoms and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection in a cohort of epidemiologists (1992) Gastroenterology, 102, pp. 41-46; 
Banatvala, N., Mayo, K., Megraud, F., Jennings, R., Decks, J.J., Feldman, R.A., The cohort effect and Helicobacter pylori (1993) J Inf Dis, pp. 219-221
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Risk scoring systems for identification of infants at high risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) or sudden unexpected infant death (SUD)
T2  - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
J2  - PAEDIATR. PERINAT. EPIDEMIOL.
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PY  - 1994
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00430.x
SN  - 02695022 (ISSN) 
AU  - Brooks, J.G.
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Box 667, Univ of Rochester School of Medicine, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
AB  - The populations studied and the sensitivity and specificity of the Oxford, California, and the Sheffield birth and multistage scores are summarised in Tables 1-3. The California scoring system has not been evaluated adequately in terms of its ability to predict SIDS, as there were only 34 SIDS in the 1970 British birth cohort. With the cutting scores set to produce a specificity for each system of about 80%, when the Oxford, California, and Sheffield birth score were applied to 318 controls and 34 SIDS from the 1970 British birth cohort, they identified 70, 53 and 62%, respectively, of the SIDS as having had high risk scores. They had even lower sensitivity when used to predict SUDS or PP PNP. The data summarised in Tables 1-3 illustrate the wide variability of the performance of the Sheffield birth score in different populations. While these systems do provide a tool for identifying a population of infants at greater than average risk of SIDS and SUDS for research purposes, the performance of these scores is poor enough that their use for clinical purposes is unjustified at this time. Subsequent risk scoring evaluation studies should be carried out on large populations of SIDS and control infants with wide demographic diversity.
KW  - accuracy
KW  - high risk patient
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - intermethod comparison
KW  - prediction
KW  - reliability
KW  - review
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - scoring system
KW  - sudden death
KW  - sudden infant death syndrome
KW  - variance
PB  - Blackwell Publishing Ltd
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PPEPE
C2  - 8153011
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Brooks, J.G.; Department of Pediatrics, Box 667, Univ of Rochester School of Medicine, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028140066&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-3016.1994.tb00430.x&partnerID=40&md5=903d90f783db5e7a5cc3969d0d9b2945
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Charnley low-friction arthroplasty of the hip. Twenty-year results with cement
T2  - The Journal of Arthroplasty
J2  - J. Arthroplasty
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
SP  - 229
EP  - 234
PY  - 1994
DO  - 10.1016/0883-5403(94)90076-0
SN  - 08835403 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kavanagh, B.F.
AU  - Wallrichs, S.
AU  - Dewitz, M.
AU  - Berry, D.
AU  - Currier, B.
AU  - Ilstrup, D.
AU  - Coventry, M.B.
AB  - The first 333 Charnley (Thackray, United Kingdom) total hip arthroplasties performed at the Mayo Clinic between 1969 and 1970 have been followed since that time. One hundred twelve patients (112 hips) remain alive at 20 years. Clinical results remain excellent. The Mayo clinical and roentgenographic hip scoring system rates the results as good to excellent in 39 of 69 hips (with all necessary data to calculate the entire score), fair in 13 hips, and poor in 17 hips. The clinical score alone showed satisfactory results in 77 of 112 hips. Some clinical deterioration was attributed to the advancing age of the patients (mean age at final follow-up evaluation, 84 years). Probable roentgenographic loosening (component migration, complete bone-cement interface, radiolucent line greater than 1 mm, cement fracture) was noted in 12 of 69 acetabular components (17%) and 28 of 69 femoral components (36%). Two patients had required revision since the last report at 15 years for a total of 38 patients (32 revised, 4 Girdlestone arthroplasties, 2 stem fractures not yet revised). The probability of surviving 20 years without revision of the components was 84% (83% for men, 85% for women). The rates of loosening, revision, and failure (revision, Girdlestone, or symptomatic loosening) remain linear over 20 years of follow-up evaluation. If the probability of revision is based on patient age at the time of the initial total hip arthroplasty, there is a significantly increased probability of revision in those patients less than 59 years of age (27%) compared to those 59-65 years of age (13%), 65-70 years (7.5%), and over 70 years (12%). © 1994.
KW  - cement
KW  - Charnley total hip arthroplasty
KW  - revision
KW  - survival
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - female
KW  - hip arthroplasty
KW  - human
KW  - human tissue
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - prosthesis failure
KW  - prosthesis loosening
KW  - reoperation
KW  - scoring system
KW  - surgical technique
KW  - total hip prosthesis
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Aged
KW  - Bone Cements
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Hip Prosthesis
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Prosthesis Failure
KW  - Reoperation
KW  - Treatment Outcome
N1  - Cited By :117
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JOARE
C2  - 8077970
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kavanagh, B.F., Greenwich, CT, United States
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Bone Cements
N1  - References: Beckenbaugh, Ilstrup, Total hip arthroplasty: a review of three hundred and thirty-three cases with long follow-up (1978) J Bone Joint Surg, 60 A, p. 306; 
Kavanagh, Dewitz, Ilstrup, Charnley total hip arthroplasty with cement: fifteen year results (1989) J Bone Joint Surg, 71 A, p. 1496; 
Dorr, Takei, Conaty, Total hip arthroplasties in patients less than forty-five years old (1983) J Bone Joint Surg, 65 A, p. 474; 
Stauffer, Ten year follow-up sudy of total hip replacement with particular reference to roentgenographic loosening of the components (1982) J Bone Joint Surg, 64 A, p. 970; 
Gruen, McNiece, Amstutz, "Modes of failure" of cemented stem-type femoral components: a radiographic analysis of loosening. (1979) Clin Orthop Relat Res, 141, p. 17; 
Kavanagh, Fitzgerald, Jr, Clinical and roentgenographic assessment of total hip arthroplasty: a new hip score (1985) Clin Orthop, 193, p. 133; 
Kaplan, Meier, Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations (1958) Journal of the American Statistical Association, 53, p. 457; 
Chandler, Reineck, Wixson, McCarthy, Total hip replacement in patients younger than thirty years old (1981) J Bone Joint Surg, 63 A, p. 1426; 
Dorey, Amstutz, Survivorship analysis in the evaluation of joint replacement (1986) J Arthroplasty, 1, p. 63; 
Wroblewski, 15–21 year results of the Charnley low friction arthroplasty (1986) Clin Orthop, 211, p. 30
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Leukemia in patients with breast cancer following adjuvant chemotherapy and/or postoperative radiation therapy
T2  - Acta Oncologica
J2  - Acta Oncol.
VL  - 33
IS  - 6
SP  - 599
EP  - 602
PY  - 1994
DO  - 10.3109/02841869409121768
SN  - 0284186X (ISSN) 
AU  - Hahn, P.
AU  - Baral, E.
AU  - Nelson, N.
AD  - Departments of Radiation Oncology, Manitoba Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation, Winnipeg, Canada
AB  - We investigated the possible etiological role of adjuvant chemotherapy and postoperative radiation therapy in the development of leukemia. A case-control design with four controls matched to each case of leukemia from a cohort of women who had been treated for breast cancer during the years from 1970 to 1985 was used. Thirteen (0.23% of the women in this cohort developed leukemia over varying lengths of follow-up time, ranging from 3 to 14 years. A higher percentage of the leukemia cases previously had adjuvant chemotherapy compared to their matched controls (54% versus 13% The relative odds estimate of developing leukemia after chemotherapy compared to no chemotherapy was 14.8 (95% C.I. (1.8; 125.3) p < 0.01). This estimate and the test of statistical significance was based on the likelihood function for matched sets with one case and more than one control. Approximately the same percentage of leukemia cases as their controls had received postoperative regional radiation therapy (28% versus 23% No significant association was found between postoperative radiation therapy and development of leukemia. A combination of adjuvant chemotherapy and postoperative radiation therapy was found more frequently in the leukemia cases than in their matched controls (33% versus 9% The leukemia developing in patients having received adjuvant chemotherapy was frequently therapy resistant, resulting in a short survival. ©1994 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - antineoplastic agent
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - leukemia
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Breast Neoplasms
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
KW  - Combined Modality Therapy
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Leukemia
KW  - Leukemia, Radiation-Induced
KW  - Likelihood Functions
KW  - Manitoba
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Multivariate Analysis
KW  - Neoplasms, Second Primary
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Postoperative Period
KW  - Registries
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :16
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ACTOE
C2  - 7946434
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hahn, P.; Department of Radiation Oncology, Manitoba Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation, 100 Olivia Street, Winnipeg R3E OV9, Canada
N1  - References: Einhorn, N., Acute leukemia after chemotherapy (1978) Cancer, 41, pp. 444-447; 
Boice, J.D., Jr., Greene, M.H., Killen, J.Y., Jr., Leukemia and preleukemia after adjuvant treatment of gastrointestinal cancer with Semustine C Methyl-CCNU (1983) New Eng J Med, 309, pp. 1079-1084; 
Valagussa, P., Tancini, G., Bonadonna, G., Second malignancies after CMF for resectable breast cancer (1987) J Clin Oncol, 5, pp. 1138-1142; 
Fisher, B., Rockette, H., Fisher, E.R., Leukemia in breast cancer patients following adjuvant chemotherapy or postoperative radiation: the NSABP experience (1985) J Clin Oncol, 3, pp. 1640-1658; 
Cancer incidence mortality in the province of Manitoba. (1990), pp. 58-59. , Man, Cancer Treatment & Research Foundation Annual Report Statistics; Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1980) Statistical methods in cancer research, The analysis of case–control studies., , volume 1, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; 
Fisher, B., Carbone, P., Economou, S.G., 1-phenylalanine mustard (1-PAM) in the management of primary breast cancer (1975) N Eng J Med, 292, pp. 117-122; 
Bonadonna, G., Brusamoline, E., Valagussa, P., Combination chemotherapy as an adjuvant treatment in operable breast cancer (1976) N Eng J Med, 294, pp. 405-410; 
Curtis, R.E., Boice, J.D., Jr., Stovall, M., Leukemia risk following radiotherapy for breast cancer (1989) J Clin Oncol, 7, pp. 21-29; 
Boice, J.D., Cancer following medical irradiation (1977) Cancer, 47, pp. 1081-1090; 
Curtis, R.E., Hankey, B.F., Myers, M.H., Risk of leukemia associated with the first course of cancer treatment: An analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology and end results program experience (1984) JNCI, 72, pp. 531-544; 
Coltman, C.A., Dixon, D.O., Second malignancies complicating Hodgkin's disease: a southwest oncology group 10-year follow-up (1982) Cancer Treat Rep, 66, pp. 1023-1033
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Incidence Rate, Cumulative Incidence, and Cohort Effect of Kawasaki Disease in Japan
T2  - Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
SP  - 13
EP  - 16
PY  - 1994
DO  - 10.2188/jea.4.13
SN  - 09175040 (ISSN) 
AU  - Nakamura, Y.
AU  - Yanagawa, H.
AU  - Hirose, K.
AU  - Kawasaki, T.
AD  - Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi, Tochigi, Japan
AD  - Japan Kawasaki Disease Research Center, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
AB  - To get information about secular trend of age-specific incidence rate, cumulative incidence up to 5 years of age, and whether there is a cohort effect of incidence rate of Kawasaki disease, we analyzed the data of nationwide incidence surveys of the disease in Japan from 1970 through 1990. The age-specific incidence rate increased gradually except for three nationwide epidemic years. Cumulative incidence from birth through 4 years of age also increased, and was about 0.5% for males and 0.4% for females who were born in early and middle 1980s. Although some birth cohort showed a high relative risk of incidence rate with statistical significance, there was no meaningful cohort effect on Kawasaki disease. J Epidemiol, 1994; 4: 13-16. © 1994, Japan Epidemiological Association. All rights reserved.
KW  - cohort effect
KW  - cumulative incidence
KW  - incidence rate
KW  - Kawasaki disease
KW  - Poisson regression analysis
N1  - Cited By :1
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - References: Yanagawa, H., Nakamura, Y., Yashiro, M., A nationwide incidence survey of Kawasaki disease in 1985-1986 in Japan. (1988) J Infect Dis, 158, pp. 1296-1301; 
Nakamura, Y., Fujita, Y., Nagai, M., Cardiac sequelae of Kawasaki disease in Japan: statistical analysis. (1991) Pediatrics, 88, pp. 1144-1147; 
(1992) The Japanese Research Committee of Kawasaki Disease. Results of the 11th nationwide incidence survey of Kawasaki disease in Japan. Shonika (Pediatrics Jpn), 33, pp. 309-316. , (in Japanese); 
Haneda, N., Kajino, Y., Saito, M., Mass survey for coronary lesions in school children with history of Kawasaki disease in Shimane Prefecture. (1985) Jpn Circ J, 49, pp. 1280-1284; 
Takenaka, T., Kano, K., Survey on Kawasaki disease in primary, middle and high schools in Osaka. (1989) Prog Med, 9, pp. 2051-2056. , (in Japanese with English abstract); 
Kleinbaum, D.G., Kupper, L.L., Morgenstein, H., (1982) Epidemiologic research: principles and quantitative methods. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 130-134; 
Rothman, K.J., Modern epidemiology. (1986), pp. 29-32. , Little Brown, Boston; Kleinbaum, D.G., Kupper, L.L., Muller, K.E., (1988) Applied regression analysis and other multivariate methods, pp. 497-512. , 2nd ed. PWS-KENT, Boston; 
SAS Institute Inc. (1990) SAS technical report P-200 SAS/STAT software: CALIS and LOGISTIC procedures; release 6.04. SAS Institute, Vary, NC, pp. 175-230; 
Gregg, N.M., Congenital cataract following German measles in the mother. (1941) Trans Ophthalmol Soc Aust, 3, pp. 35-46; 
Lancaster, H.O., Deafness as an epidemic disease in Australia. (1951) BMJ, 2, pp. 1429-1432
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The Stirling county study: Then and now
T2  - International Review of Psychiatry
J2  - Int. Rev. Psychiatry
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
SP  - 329
EP  - 348
PY  - 1994
DO  - 10.3109/09540269409023271
SN  - 09540261 (ISSN) 
AU  - Murphy, J.M.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Psychiatry Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, United States
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Massachusetts, United States
AB  - The Stirling County Study was started more than 40 years ago. In the context of the field of community-based psychiatric epidemiology as a whole, the Stirling Study is reviewed using three time periods. The early years are illustrated by comparison of the Lundby, Midtown, and Stirling Studies. This period ended in critical reviews which emphasized the absence of agreement about psychiatric diagnosis and which suggested that prevalence was over-estimated especially by Stirling and Midtown, both of which gave a current overall rate of about 20% During the middle years effort in the Stirling Study and in psychiatric epidemiology generally was concentrated on issues of reliability and validity of diagnosis. The recent years are illustrated by comparison with the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program, the Edmonton Epidemiologic Survey, and the National Comorbidity Survey. A current overall rate of approximately 20% can no longer be thought of as an over-estimation since it has appeared in numerous studies. Similarities and differences across studies will, however, continue to draw attention. In terms of similarities, the findings from the Stirling Study from 1952-1970 seem to support a "birth cohort" effect for depression which has been commonly but retrospectively reported in the newer studies. While recent findings from the Stirling Study are not yet available, it is possible that peak prevalence has moved downward from older to younger people as time has moved forward from 1952 to 1992. In terms of differences, results about depression in the Stirling Study are unusual in that they suggest equal vulnerability for men and women. This finding is worthy of attention because long-term outcome of depression was much worse for men than women in terms of association with death and in the liklihood of remaining chronically or recurrently depressed. © 1994 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - comparative study
KW  - depression
KW  - diagnostic accuracy
KW  - epidemiological data
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mental disease
KW  - priority journal
KW  - psychiatric diagnosis
KW  - reliability
KW  - review
KW  - sex difference
KW  - time
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :15
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IRPSE
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Murphy, J.M.; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Psychiatry Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, United States
N1  - References: (1952) American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, First Edition, , American Psychiatric Association Washington, DC; 
(1980) American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, , American Psychiatric Association Washington, DC; 
(1987) American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Revised Third Edition, , American Psychiatric Association Washington, DC; 
Beiser, M., A psychiatric follow-up study of ‘normal’ adults (1971) American Journal of Psychiatry, 127, pp. 1464-1472; 
Benfari, R., Leighton, A.H., Kessler, I.I., Levin, M.L., Comparison of factor structures in urban New York and rural Nova Scotia population samples: A study in psychiatric epidemiology (1970) The Community as an Epidemiologic Laboratory: A Casebook of Community Studies, , Johns Hopkins Press Baltimore; 
Benfari, R.C., Leighton, A.H., Beiser, M., Coen, K., CASE: Computer assigned symptom evaluation: An instrument for psychiatric epidemiological application (1972) Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 154, pp. 115-124; 
Bland, R.C., Newman, S.C., Orn, H., Epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in Edmonton (1988) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 338, pp. 1-80; 
Bland, R.C., Newman, S.C., Orn, H., Period prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Edmonton (1988) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 338, pp. 33-42; 
Blazer, D.G., Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Swartz, M.S., The prevalence and distribution of major depression in a national community sample: The National Comorbidity Survey (1994) American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, pp. 979-986; 
Burnam, M.A., Hough, R.L., Escobar, J.L., Karno, M., Timbrs, D.M., Telles, C.A., Locke, B.Z., Six-month prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders among Mexican-Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites in Los Angeles (1987) Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, pp. 687-694; 
Dohrenwend, B.P., Dohrenwend, B.S., The problem of validity in field studies of psychological disorder (1965) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 70, pp. 52-69; 
Dohrenwend, B.P., Dohrenwend, B.S., Gould, M.S., Link, B., Neugebauer, R., Wunsch-Hitzig, R., (1980) Mental Illness in the United States: Epidemiological Estimates, , Praeger Publishers New York; 
Endicott, J., Spitzer, R.L., A diagnostic interview: The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (1978) Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, pp. 837-844; 
Essen-Möller, E., Individual traits and morbidity in a Swedish rural population (1956) Acta Psychiatrica Neurologica Scandinavica, 100, pp. 1-160; 
Eysenck, H.J., (1947) Dimensions of Personality, , Macmillan Book Co. New York; 
Felix, R.H., Bowers, R.V., Mental hygiene and socio-environmental factors (1948) Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 26, pp. 125-147; 
Folstein, M.F., Folstein, S.E., McHugh, P.R., Mini-Mental State: A practical method for grading the cognitive status of patients for the clinician (1975) Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, pp. 189-198; 
Hagnell, O., (1966) A Prospective Study of the Incidence of Mental Disorder, , Svenska Bokforlaget Stockholm; 
Hagnell, O., Essen-Möller, E., Lanke, J., Öjesjö, L., Rorsman, B., (1990) The Incidence of Mental Illness Over a Quarter of a Century, , Almqvist & Wiksell International Stockholm; 
Hughes, C.C., Tremblay, M.A., Rapoport, R.N., Leighton, A.H., (1960) People of Cove and Woodlot, The Stirling County Study, II. , Basic Books, Inc. New York; 
Kaplan, B.H., (1971) Psychiatric Disorder and the Urban Environment, , Behavioral Publications New York; 
Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Swartz, M., Blazer, D.G., Nelson, C.B., Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey I: Lifetime prevalence, chronicity and recurrence (1993) Journal of Affective Disorders, 29, pp. 85-96; 
Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C.B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., Wittchen, H., Kendler, K.S., Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey (1994) Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, pp. 8-19; 
Lapouse, R., Pasamanick, B., Discussion of Treated and untreated mental disorder in the metropolis (1959) Epidemiology of Mental Disorders, , American Association for the Advancement of Science Washington, DC; 
Lapouse, R., Problems in studying the prevalence of psychiatric disorder (1967) American Journal of Public Health, 57, pp. 947-954; 
Leighton, A.H., (1950) A proposal for research in the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders. In Milbank Memorial Fund: Epidemiology of Mental Disorder, , Milbank Memorial Fund New York; 
Leighton, A.H., (1959) My Name Is Legion: The Stirling County Study of Psychiatric Disorder and Socio-cultural Environment, I. , Basic Books. Inc. New York; 
Leighton, D.C., Harding, J.S., Macklin, D.B., Macmillan, A.M., Leighton, A.H., (1963) The Character of Danger: The Stirling County Study, III. , Basic Books, Inc. New York; 
Leighton, D.C., Harding, J.S., Macklin, D.B., Hughes, C.C., Leighton, A.H., Psychiatric findings of the Stirling County Study (1963) American Journal of Psychiatry, 119, pp. 1021-1026; 
Leighton, A.H., Lambo, T.A., Hughes, C.C., Leighton, D.C., Murphy, J.M., Macklin, D.B., (1963) Psychiatric Disorder Among the Yoruba, , Cornell University Press Ithaca; 
Leighton, A.H., Leighton, D.C., Danley, R.A., Validity in mental health surveys (1966) Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal, 11, pp. 167-168; 
Macmillan, A.M., The Health Opinion Survey: technique for estimating prevalence of psychoneurotic and related types of disorders in communities (1957) Psychological Reports, 3, pp. 325-339; 
Menninger, K., (1959) A Psychiatrist's World, , The Viking Press New York; 
Murphy, J.M., Lebra, W.P., A cross-cultural comparison of psychiatric disorder: Eskimos of Alaska, Yorubas of Nigeria, and Nova Scotians of Canada (1972) Transcultural Research in Mental Health, , University of Hawaii Press Honolulu; 
Murphy, J.M., Psychiatric labeling in cross-cultural perspective (1976) Science, 191, pp. 1019-1028; 
Murphy, J.M., War stress and civilian Vietnamese: A study of psychological effects (1977) Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 56, pp. 92-108; 
Murphy, J.M., Continuities in community-based psychiatric epidemiology (1980) Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, pp. 1215-1223; 
Murphy, J.M., Weissman, M.M., Myers, J.K., Ross, C., Locke, B.Z., Slary, A., The Stirling County Study, Monographs in Psychosocial Epidemiology (1986) Community Surveys of Psychiatric Disorders, IV. , Rutgers University Press New Brunswick; 
Murphy, J.M., Depression in the community: Findings from the Stirling County Study (1990) Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 35, pp. 390-396; 
Murphy, J.M., Maser, J.D., Cloninger, C.R., Diagnostic comorbidity and symptom co-occurrence: The Stirling County Study (1990) Comorbidity in Anxiety and Mood Disorders, , American Psychiatric Press Washington, DC; 
Murphy, J.M., Fava, M., Rosenbaum, J.F., Measurement and design in a longitudinal epidemiologic study: Depression and anxiety in a general population (1992) Research Designs and Methods in Psychiatry, , Elsevier Science Publishers Amsterdam; 
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Murphy, J.M., Neff, R.K., Sobol, A.M., Rice, J.X., Olivier, D.C., Computer diagnosis of depression and anxiety: The Stirling County Study (1985) Psychological Medicine, 15, pp. 99-112; 
Murphy, J.M., Olivier, D.C., Sobol, A.M., Monson, R.R., Leighton, A.H., Diagnosis and outcome: Depression and anxiety in a general population (1986) Psychological Medicine, 16, pp. 117-126; 
Murphy, J.M., Berwick, D.M., Weinstein, M.C., Borus, J.F., Budman, S.H., Klerman, G.L., Performance of screening and diagnostic tests: Application of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis (1987) Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, pp. 550-555; 
Murphy, J.M., Monson, R.R., Olivier, D.C., Sobol, A.M., Leighton, A.H., Affective disorders and mortality: A general population study (1987) Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, pp. 473-480; 
Murphy, J.M., Olivier, D.C., Monson, R.R., Sobol, A.M., Leighton, A.H., Incidence of depression and anxiety: The Stirling County Study (1988) American Journal of Public Health, 78, pp. 534-540; 
Murphy, J.M., Sobol, A.M., Olivier, D.C., Monson, R.R., Leighton, A.H., Pratt, L.A., Prodromes of depression and anxiety: The Stirling County Study (1989) British Journal of Psychiatry, 155, pp. 490-495; 
Murphy, J.M., Monson, R.R., Olivier, D.C., Sobol, A.M., Pratt, L.A., Leighton, A.H., Mortality risk and psychiatric disorders: Results of a general physician survey (1989) Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 24, pp. 134-142; 
Murphy, J.M., Olivier, D.C., Monson, R.R., Sobol, A.M., Federman, E.B., Leighton, A.H., Depression and anxiety in relation to social status: A prospective epidemiologic study (1991) Archives of General Psychiatry, 48, pp. 223-229; 
Murphy, J.M., Monson, R.R., Olivier, D.C., Zahner, G.E.P., Sobol, A.M., Leighton, A.H., Relationships over time between psychiatric and somatic disorders: The Stirling County Study (1992) American Journal of Epidemiology, 136, pp. 95-105; 
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Regier, D.A., Boyd, J.H., Burke, J.D., Rae, D.S., Myers, J.K., Kramer, M., Robins, L.N., Locke, B.Z., One-month prevalence of mental disorders in the United States (1988) Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, pp. 977-986; 
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Srole, L., Langner, T.S., Michael, S.T., Opler, M.K., Rennie, T.A.C., (1962) Mental Health in the Metropolis: The Midtown Manhattan Study, , McGraw-Hill New York; 
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Weissman, M.M., Klerman, G.L., Sex differences and the epidemiology of depression (1977) Archives of General Psychiatry, 34, pp. 98-111; 
Weissman, M.M., Klerman, G.L., Epidemiology of mental disorders: Emerging trends in the United States (1978) Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, pp. 705-712; 
Weissman, M.M., Myers, J.K., Harding, P.S., Psychiatric disorders in a US urban community: 1975–1976 (1978) American Journal of Psychiatry, 135, pp. 459-462; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A Longitudinal Study of Early Childhood Education and Subsequent Academic Achievement
T2  - Australian Psychologist
J2  - Aust. Psychol.
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
SP  - 110
EP  - 115
PY  - 1994
DO  - 10.1080/00050069408257333
SN  - 00050067 (ISSN) 
AU  - Fergusson, D.M.
AU  - Horwood, L.J.
AU  - Lynskey, M.T.
AD  - Christchurch School of Medicine, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand
AB  - The relationships between duration of attendance at early childhood education facilities and measures of intelligence, reading comprehension, mathematical reasoning, and school ability up to the age of 13 years were studied in a birth cohort of New Zealand children. Before adjustment for confounding factors, children who had attended early education facilities for more than two years scored from .33 to .80 SDs higher on tests of cognitive ability and school achievement than children who did not attend early education. However, after adjustment for confounding factors, including parental education levels, socioeconomic status, family size, child ethnicity, infant feeding methods, early mother‐child interaction, and the child's birthweight, these differences reduced to between .13 and .47 SDs. Nonetheless, in all but one case, significant associations were found between duration of attendance at early childhood education and cognitive ability and school achievement after controlling for confounding factors. It is concluded that these findings are consistent with the view that attendance at early childhood education may be associated with subsequent improvement in school achievement with these associations persisting up to the age of 13 years. 1994 Australian Psychological Society
N1  - Cited By :6
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Fergusson, D.M.; Christchurch School of Medicine, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, New Zealand
N1  - References: Andersson, B.E., Effects of public day‐care: A longitudinal study (1989) Child Development, 60, pp. 857-866; 
Berk, R.A., An introduction to sample selection bias in sociological data (1983) American Sociological Review, 48, pp. 386-398; 
Berrueta‐Clement, J.R., Schweinhart, L.J., Barnett, W.S., Epstein, A.S., Weikart, D.P., (1985) Changed lives: The effects of the Perry Preschool Program on youths through age 19., , High/Scope, Ypsilanti, MI; 
Bradley, R.M., Caldwell, B.M., Home observation for measurement of the environment: A validation study of screening efficiency (1977) American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 81, pp. 417-424; 
(1983) As the twig is bent: Lasting effects of preschool programs., , Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ; 
Dalli, C., Early childhood education in New Zealand: Current issues and policy developments (1990) Early Child Development and Care, 64, pp. 61-70; 
Datta, L., Epilogue: We never promised you a rose garden, but one may have grown anyhow (1983) As the twig is bent: Lasting effects of preschool programs, pp. 467-479. , Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, Consortium for Longitudinal Studies; 
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Elardo, R., Bradley, R.M., Caldwell, B.M., A longitudinal study of the relation of infant home environments to language development at age three (1977) Child Development, 48, pp. 595-603; 
Elley, W.B., Irving, J.C., Revised socio‐economic index for New Zealand (1976) New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 11, pp. 25-36; 
Elley, W.B., Reid, N.A., (1969) Progressive Achievement Tests: Teacher manual, reading comprehension, reading vocabulary., , New Zealand Council for Educational Research, Wellington; 
Fergusson, D.M., Fergusson, J.E., Horwood, L.J., Kinzett, N.G., A longitudinal study of dentine lead levels, intelligence, school performance and behaviour. Part II: Dentine lead and cognitive ability (1988) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 29, pp. 793-809; 
Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Shannon, F.T., Lawton, J.M., The Christchurch Child Development Study: A review of epidemiological findings (1989) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 3, pp. 278-301; 
Haskins, R., Beyond metaphor: The efficacy of early childhood education (1989) American Psychologist, 44, pp. 274-282; 
Hebbeler, K., An old and a new question on the effects of early education for children from low income families (1985) Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 7, pp. 707-716; 
Lee, V.E., Brooks‐Gunn, J., Schnur, E., Liaw, F.R., Are Headstart effects sustained? A longitudinal follow‐up comparison of disadvantaged children attending Headstart, no preschool, and other preschool programs (1990) Child Development, 61, pp. 495-507; 
Meade, A., (1985) The children can choose: A study of early childhood programs in New Zealand., , New Zealand Council for Educational Research, Wellington; 
Meade, A., (1988) Education to be more: Report of the Early Childhood Care and Education Working Group., , New Zealand Government Printer, Wellington; 
Osborn, A.F., Milbank, J.E., (1987) The effects of early education: A report from the Child Health and Education Study., , Clarendon Press, Oxford; 
Reid, N.A., Hughes, D.C., (1974) Progressive Achievement Tests: Teacher manual, mathematics., , New Zealand Council for Educational Research, Wellington; 
Reid, N.A., Jackson, P.F., Gilmore, A., Croft, C., (1981) Test of scholastic abilities., , New Zealand Council for Educational Research, Wellington; 
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White, K.R., Bush, D.W., Casto, G.C., Learning from reviews of early intervention (1985) Journal of Special Education, 41, pp. 417-428; 
Zigler, E., Hall, N.W., The implications of early intervention efforts for the primary prevention of juvenile delinquency (1987) From children to citizens, 3, pp. 154-185. , Wilson, J. Q., Lowry, G. C., Springer‐Verlag, New York
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84981962812&doi=10.1080%2f00050069408257333&partnerID=40&md5=a51a973c97cbbf0b9b0b9bbefb7eb011
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Osteitis after newborn vaccination with three different Bacillus calmette-guérin vaccines: Twenty-nine years of experience
T2  - Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
J2  - Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
SP  - 113
EP  - 116
PY  - 1994
SN  - 08913668 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kröger, L.
AU  - Brander, E.
AU  - Korppi, M.
AU  - Wasz-Höckert, O.
AU  - Backman, A.
AU  - Kröger, H.
AU  - Launiala, K.
AU  - Katila, M.-L.
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
AD  - Department of Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
AD  - Clinical Microbiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
AD  - Finnish Antituberculosis Association, Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Rakuunantie 7, Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Allergy Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
AB  - Newborns in Finland have been vaccinated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) since the 1950s. Until the end of 1970 the vaccine was made from BCG strain Gothenburg by the Swedish BCG laboratory in Gothenburg and from 1971 on from the same strain in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was replaced by the Glaxo vaccine in 1978. Complications caused by BCG vaccination have been under follow-up, and the data have been collected from nationwide registers. In this study we analyzed the incidence rates of BCG osteitis between the years 1960 and 1988. From 1960 to 1970 the incidence rate was fromto 13.0/100 000 BCG-vaccinated infants (mean, 7.3; median, 6.9). The incidence increased during the years 1971 to 1978 when it varied between 15.3 and 72.9/100 000 BCG- vaccinated infants (mean, 36.9; median, 30.4). Since 1978 the incidence has varied between and 10.1/100 000 BCG-vaccinated infants (mean, 6.4; median, 7.2). In Britain no reports of BCG osteitis have been published despite the use of the same Glaxo vaccine. Our results indicate that the incidence of BCG osteitis in a given population depends on the BCG vaccine used. The follow-up of BCG complications is an essential part of BCG vaccination program. © 1994 by Williams & Wilkins.
KW  - Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination
KW  - Newborn vaccination
KW  - Osteitis
KW  - Vaccination complication
KW  - bcg vaccine
KW  - article
KW  - bcg vaccination
KW  - finland
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - infant
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - newborn
KW  - osteitis
KW  - priority journal
KW  - tuberculosis
KW  - Animal
KW  - BCG Vaccine
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Guinea Pigs
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Osteitis
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Sweden
N1  - Cited By :49
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 8190535
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kröger, L.; Departments of Pediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, SF-70210, Finland
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: BCG Vaccine
N1  - Manufacturers: glaxo, United Kingdom; statens serum institut, Denmark
N1  - References: Rouillon, A., Waaler, H., BCG vaccination and epidemiological situation: A decision making approach to the use of BCG (1976) Adv Tuberc Res, 19, pp. 64-126; 
(1988) 11Th Ed, , New York: Elsevier; 
Lotte, A., Wasz-Hocket, O., Poisson, N., Second IUATLD (1988) Bull Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis, 68, pp. 47-59; 
Haro, A.S., Tuberculosis in Finland: Past-present-future (1988) Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Yearbook, pp. 40-42. , Helsinki: Finnish Antituberculosis Association; 
Wasz-Hockert, O., Backman, A., Lotte, A., Osteitis caused by BCG vaccination of newborn (1979) Bull Int Union Tuberc, 54, 325p; 
Lind, A., The Swedish strain of BCG (1988) Tubercle, 64, pp. 238-244; 
Foucard, T., Hjelmstedt, A., BCG-osteomyelitis and -osteoarthritis as a complication following BCG-vaccination (1971) Acta Orthop Scand, 42, pp. 142-151; 
Romanus, V., Childhood tuberculosis in Sweden: An epidemiological study made six years after the cessation of general BCG vaccination of the newborn (1983) Tubercle, 64, pp. 101-110; 
Minnikin, D.E., Parlett, J.H., Magnusson, M., Ridell, M., Lind, A., Mycolic acid patterns of representatives of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (1984) J Gen Microbiol, 130, pp. 2733-2736; 
Abou-Zeid, C., Rook, G., Minnikin, D.E., Partlett, J.H., Osborn, T.W., Grange, J.M., Effect of the method of preparation of Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine on the properties of four daughter strains (1987) J Appl Bacteriol, 63, pp. 449-453; 
Milstine, J.B., Gibson, J.J., Quality control of BCG vaccine by WHO: A review of factors that may influence vaccine effective-ness and safety (1990) Bull WHO, 68, pp. 93-108; 
Marik, I., Kubat, R., Filipsky, J., Galliova, J., Osteitis caused by BCG vaccination (1988) J Pediatr Orthop, 8, pp. 332-337; 
Noah Praveen, K., Smikle, M.F., Prabhakar, P., Pande, D., Johnson, B., Ashley, D., Outbreak of Bacillus Calmette Guerin associated lymphadenitis and abscesses in Jamaican children (1990) Pediatr Infect Dis J, 9, pp. 890-893; 
Hengster, P., Fille, M., Menanrdi, G., Suppurative lymphadenitis in newborn after change of BCG vaccine (1991) Lancet, 337, pp. 1168-1169; 
Quast, U., Merkle, W., Bijok, U., Side effects of BCG vaccination with strain Copenhagen 1331 (1986) Dev Biol Stand, 58, pp. 321-329; 
Nyerges, G., Drinoczy, M., Significance of the number of viable units in BCG vaccines (1986) Dev Biol Stand, 58, pp. 331-336
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A cohort study of radiographic alveolar bone loss during adolescence
T2  - Journal of Clinical Periodontology
J2  - J. Clin. Periodontol.
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
SP  - 133
EP  - 138
PY  - 1994
DO  - 10.1111/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00291.x
SN  - 03036979 (ISSN) 
AU  - Aass, A.M.
AU  - Tollefsen, T.
AU  - Gjermo, P.
AD  - Department of Periodontology, University of Oslo, Norway
AB  - Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess the changes in prevalence of early radiographic alveolar bone loss in a birth cohort (all subjects born 1970) over a period of 8 years as related to sex, ethnic origin, orthodontic treatment and socio‐economic status. In 1984, the target population consisted of 2767 subjects. In 1986, 1988 and 1992, sets of bite–wing radiographs were obtained from samples of the same population. Alveolar bone loss was recorded if the distance from the cemento‐enamel junction to the alveolar crest exceeded 2 mm measured on posterior bite‐wing radiographs. The frequency of subjects with radiographic alveolar bone loss increased significantly with age (p≤ 0.05). The number of subjects with 3 or more lesions also increased with age. The demographic variables studied did not seem to influence the prevalence of bone loss significantly in the present cohort study. Copyright © 1994, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
KW  - bite‐wing roentgen
KW  - early periodontitis
KW  - teenagers
KW  - adolescent
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - Norway
KW  - osteolysis
KW  - periodontitis
KW  - prevalence
KW  - radiography
KW  - social class
KW  - tooth radiography
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Alveolar Bone Loss
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Norway
KW  - Periodontitis
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Radiography, Bitewing
KW  - Social Class
N1  - Cited By :19
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 8144733
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Aass, A.M.; Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, Box 1109, Blindern, Oslo, 0317, Norway
N1  - References: Aass, A.M., Albandar, J.M., Aasenden, R., Tollefsen, T., Gjermo, P., Variation in radiographic alveolar bone loss in subgroups of 14‐year‐old schoolchildren in Oslo (1988) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 15, pp. 130-133; 
Aass, A.M., Gjermo, P., Changes in radiographic bone level in orthodontically treated teenagers over a 4‐year period (1992) Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 20, pp. 90-93; 
Albandar, J.M., Prevalence of incipient radiographic periodontal lesions in relation to ethnic background and dental care provisions in young adults (1989) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 16, pp. 625-629; 
Albandar, J.M., Baghdady, V.S., Ohose, L.J., Periodontal disease progression in teenagers with no preventive dental care provisions (1991) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 18, pp. 300-304; 
Bäckman, N., Holm, A‐K., Keskitalo, E., Gustafsson, L., Dental health of national servicement in Umeå (1981) Swedish Dental Journal, 5, pp. 129-139; 
Birkeland, J.M., Bragelien, J., Continual highly significant decrease in caries prevalence among 14‐year‐old Norwegians (1987) Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 45, pp. 135-140; 
Bjorn, A‐L., Hailing, A., Clinical and roentgenographic examination of 697 Swedish recruits, year 1980 (1983) Swedish Dental Journal, 7, pp. 129-139; 
Bjørn, H., Hailing, A., Thyberg, H., Radiographic assessment of marginal bone loss (1969) Odontologic Revue, 20, pp. 165-179; 
Blankenstein, R., Murray, J.J., Lind, O.P., Prevalence of chronic periodontitis in 13–15 year old children (1978) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 5, pp. 285-295; 
Bradford Hill, A., (1961) Principles of medical statistics, , London, The Lancet Limited; 
Clerehugh, V., Lennon, M.A., A two‐year longitudinal study of early periodontitis in 14‐ to 16‐year old schoolchildren (1986) Cuminunity Denial Health, 3, pp. 135-141; 
Clerehugh, V., Lennon, M.A., Worthington, H.V., 5‐year results of early periodontitis in 14‐ to 19‐year‐old adolescents (1990) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 17, pp. 702-708; 
Crossner, C‐G., Unell, L., A longitudinal study of dental health and treatment need in Swedish teenagers (1986) Community Dentistry und Oral Epidemiology, 14, pp. 10-14; 
Davies, R.M., Downer, M.C., Lennon, M.A., Destructive forms of periodontal disease in adolescents and young adults (1985) British Denial Journal, 158, pp. 429-436; 
Gjermo, P., Means and methods in community strategies (1984) Public health aspects of periodontal disease, pp. 121-134. , Goals for periodontal health and acceptable levels of disease., Frandsen, A.,. Berlin, Quintessence; 
Gjermo, P., Bellini, H.T., Santos, V.P., Martins, J.G., Ferracyoli, J.R., Prevalence of bone loss in a group of Brazilian teenagers assessed on bile–wing radiographs (1984) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 11, pp. 104-113; 
Hansen, B.F., Gjermo, P., Bergwitz‐Larseri, K.R., Periodontal bone loss in 15‐year‐old Norwegians (1954) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 11, pp. 125-131; 
Hugoson, A., Koch, G., Bergendal, T., Hallonsten, A‐L., Laurell, L., Lungren, D., Nyman, J.E., Oral health of individuals aged 3–80 years in Jönköbing. Sweden, in 1973 and 1983 (II). A review of clinical and radiographic findings (1986) Swedish Dental Journal, 10, pp. 175-194; 
Källestål, C., Holm, A‐L., Ollinen, P., Dental health in 13‐year‐olds in Västerbotten County. Sweden. Changes over 20 years (1990) Swedish Dental Journal, 14, pp. 193-200; 
Källestål, C., Matsson, L., Holm, A‐K., Periodontal conditions in a group of Swedish adolescents (I). A descriptive epidemiologic study (1990) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 17, pp. 601-608; 
Källestål, C., Matsson, L., (1991) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 18, pp. 1-4. , Marginal bone loss in 16‐year‐old Swedish adolescents in, 1975 and, 1988; 
Latcham, N.L., Powell, R.N., Jago, J.D., Seymour, G.J., Aitken, J.F., A radiographic study of chronic periodontitis in 15‐year‐old Queensland children (1983) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 10, pp. 37-45; 
Lennon, M.A., Davies, R.M., Prevalence and distribution of alveolar bone loss in a population of 15‐year‐old schoolchildren (1974) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 1, pp. 175-182; 
Löe, H., Ånerud, Å, Boysen, H., Smith, M., The natural history of periodontal disease in man. The rate of periodontal destruction before 40 years of age (1978) Journal of Periodontology, 49, pp. 607-620; 
Papapanou, P.N., Wennström, J.L., Gröndahl, K., Periodontal status in relations to age and tooth type (1988) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 15, pp. 469-478; 
Poison, A.M., Reed, B.E., Long term effect of orthodontic treatment on crestal alveolar bone levels (1984) Journal of Periodontology, 55, pp. 28-34; 
Rølla, G., Øgaard, B., Reduction in caries incidence in Norway from 1970 to 1984 and some considerations concerning this phenomenon (1986) Strategy far dental caries prevention in European countries according 10 their laws and regulations, pp. 223-229. , Frank, R. M., O'Hickey, S.,. Oxford, IRL Press; 
Sokal, S.S., Rohlf, F.J., (1981) Biometry, , San Francisco, W. H. Freeman and Co; 
Stoner, J.E., An investigation into the accuracy of measurements made on radiographs of the alveolar crests of dried mandibles (1972) Journal of Periodontology, 43, pp. 699-701; 
Wolfe, M.D., Carlos, J.P., Periodontal disease in adolescents; epidemiologic findings in Navajo Indians (1987) Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 15, pp. 33-40; 
Øgaard, B., Marginal bone support and tooth length in 19‐year olds following orthodontic treatment (1988) European Journal of Orthodontics, 10, pp. 180-186
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Increasing incidence of type I diabetes in The Netherlands: The second nationwide study among children under 20 years of age
T2  - Diabetes Care
J2  - DIABETES CARE
VL  - 17
IS  - 6
SP  - 599
EP  - 601
PY  - 1994
DO  - 10.2337/diacare.17.6.599
SN  - 01495992 (ISSN) 
AU  - Ruwaard, D.
AU  - Hirasing, R.A.
AU  - Reeser, H.M.
AU  - Van Buuren, S.
AU  - Barker, K.
AU  - Heine, R.J.
AU  - Geerdink, R.A.
AU  - Bruining, G.J.
AU  - Vaandrager, G.J.
AU  - Verloove-Vanhorick, S.P.
AD  - Natl. Inst. Pub. Hlth. Environ. P., Bilthoven, Netherlands
AD  - TNO Inst. of Preventive Health Care, Leiden, Netherlands
AD  - Juliana Children's Hospital, The Hague, Netherlands
AD  - Spaarne Hospital Heemstede, Heemstede, Netherlands
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Free University Hospital Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
AD  - Dutch Diabetes Association, Amersfoort, Netherlands
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Academic Hospital Rotterdam, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
AD  - TNO Inst. Prev. Hlth. Care, Leiden, P.O. Box 124, 2300 AC Leiden, Netherlands
AB  - OBJECTIVE - A nationwide retrospective study was conducted to assess the incidence of type 1 diabetes in The Netherlands among children <20 years of age in 1988-1990. The first study with a similar design covered 1978-1980. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - The capture-recapture census method was chosen for analysis of the data. A questionnaire was sent to all Dutch pediatricians and internists, and for the ascertainment, a similar questionnaire was sent out separately to members of the Dutch Diabetes Association, which is the national patient association. RESULTS - The average achieved ascertainment rate was 81%. The ascertainment-adjusted annual incidence was 13.2/100,000 for 0- to 19-year-old children, indicating an increase of 23% compared with the 1978-1980 survey; for 0- to 14-year-olds, the increase amounted to 17%. CONCLUSIONS - This study suggests a sustained increase of type 1 diabetes in The Netherlands because the cumulative incidence studied previously in the 1960-1970 birth cohorts of male army conscripts 18 years of age was also found to rise. In contrast to Northern European countries, an increase in incidence for the age category 0-4 years could not be found.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - childhood disease
KW  - female
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - infant
KW  - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - Netherlands
PB  - American Diabetes Association Inc.
N1  - Cited By :40
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: DICAD
C2  - 8082532
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hirasing, R.A.; TNO Inst. of Preventive Health Care, P.O. Box 124, 2300 AC Leiden, Netherlands
N1  - References: Bingley, P.J., Gale, E.A.M., Rising incidence of IDDM in Europe (1989) Diabetes Care, 12, pp. 289-295; 
Joner, G., Søvik, O., Increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus in Norwegian children 0-14 years of age, 1973-1982 (1989) Diabetologia, 32, pp. 79-83; 
Secular trends in incidence of childhood IDDM in 10 countries (1990) Diabetes, 39, pp. 858-864; 
Nyström, L., Dahlquist, G., Rewers, M., Wall, S., The Swedish Childhood Diabetes Study: An analysis of the temporal variation in diabetes incidence 1978-1987 (1990) Int J Epidemiol, 19, pp. 141-146; 
Tuomilehto, J., Rewers, M., Reunanen, A., Lounamaa, P., Lounamaa, R., Tuomilehto-Wolf, E., Åkerblom, H.K., Increasing trend in type 1 (insulin- Dependent) diabetes mellitus in childhood in Finland (1991) Diabetologia, 34, pp. 282-287; 
Green, A., Andersen, P.K., Svendsen, A.J., Mortensen, K., Increasing incidence of early-onset type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: A study of Danish male birth cohorts (1992) Diabetologia, 35, pp. 178-182; 
Drykoningen, C.E.M., Mulder, A.L.M., Vaandrager, G.J., LaPorte, R.E., Bruining, G.J., The incidence of male childhood type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is rising rapidly in the Netherlands (1992) Diabetologia, 35, pp. 139-142; 
Vaandrager, G.J., Bruining, G.J., Veenhof, F.J., Drayer, N.M., Incidence of childhood diabetes in the Netherlands: A decrease from north to south over Northwestern Europe? (1984) Diabetologia, 27, pp. 203-206; 
Hook, E.B., Regal, R.R., The value of capture-recapture methods even for apparent exhaustive surveys (1992) Am J Epidemiol, 135, pp. 1060-1067; 
Death according to causes by death certificates, age and sex, 1940-1990 Annual Reports 1941-1991, , Voorburg, The Netherlands; 
Green, A., Svejgaard, A., Platz, P., Ryder, L.P., Jakobsen, B.K., Morton, N.E., MacLean, C.J., The genetic susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM): Combined segregation and linkage analysis (1985) Genet Epidemiol, 2, pp. 1-15; 
Dahlquist, G., Blom, L., Tuvemo, T., Nyström, L., Sandström, A., Wall, S., The Swedish Childhood Diabetes Study: Results from a nine-year case register and a one-year case-referent study indicating that type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is associated with both type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and autoimmune disorders (1989) Diabetoiogia, 32, pp. 2-6
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028287537&doi=10.2337%2fdiacare.17.6.599&partnerID=40&md5=fae34b4c3869b71e9a5f82bce3a29d69
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Vagotomy, antrectomy, and Roux-en-Y diversion for complex reoperative gastroesophageal reflux disease
T2  - Annals of Surgery
J2  - ANN. SURG.
VL  - 220
IS  - 4
SP  - 536
EP  - 543
PY  - 1994
DO  - 10.1097/00000658-199410000-00011
SN  - 00034932 (ISSN) 
AU  - Ellis Jr., F.H.
AU  - Gibb, S.P.
AU  - Hill, L.D.
AU  - Jordan Jr., P.H.
AU  - Herrington, J.L.
AU  - Kelly, K.A.
AD  - Thoracic/Cardiovascular Surg. Div., New England Deaconess Hospital, 110 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States
AB  - Objective: Failure of conventional surgical therapy for treatment of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) taxes the ingenuity of the esophageal surgeon. This study defines the role of vagotomy, antrectomy, and Roux-en-Y diversion coupled, when necessary, with resection of the esophagogastric junction as an alternative to other surgical procedures currently employed for these complicated cases. Summary Background Data: Currently, the operation in question rarely is performed in the United States. Other procedures, such as interposition of short or long segments of intestine and total esophagectomy with gastric pull-up, are preferred. However, surgeons from Scandinavia, Great Britain, and Europe have published widely on the subject, some even preferring its use as a primary procedure in GERD. Methods: This report reviews the indications and results of the operation in 36 patients who underwent operation between January 1970 and January 1994. Follow-up evaluation was available for review in 33 patients observed from 1 to 20 years postoperatively (average, 6 2/3 years). Of these patients, 32 had undergone 66 previous operative procedures on the distal esophagus and stomach ranging from 1 to 6 per patient. There were no hospital deaths, but complications developed in nine patients (25%); only half of these complications were major. Of patients available for follow-up, 85% were improved by the operation, 24 of the 33 having excellent or good results. Conclusions: The operation of vagotomy, antrectomy, and Roux-en-Y diversion, embodying the principles of acid suppression and alkaline diversion, has proved to be a successful alternative to other operative procedures currently favored in the United States for the treatment of the complex reoperative patient with GERD.
KW  - adult
KW  - clinical article
KW  - clinical trial
KW  - conference paper
KW  - esophagitis
KW  - esophagus resection
KW  - female
KW  - gastroesophageal reflux
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - reoperation
KW  - Roux Y anastomosis
KW  - stomach antrum resection
KW  - surgical technique
KW  - vagotomy
PB  - Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
N1  - Cited By :28
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Conference Paper
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ANSUA
C2  - 7944663
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Ellis Jr., F.H.; Thoracic/Cardiovascular Surg. Div., New England Deaconess Hospital, 110 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States
N1  - References: Orringer, M.B., Stirling, M.C., Cervical esophagogastric anastomosis for benign disease: Functional results (1988) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 96, pp. 887-893; 
Gaissert, H.A., Mathisen, D.J., Grillo, H.E., Short-segment intestinal interposition of the distal esophagus (1993) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 106, pp. 860-867; 
DeMeester, T.R., Johanssen, K.E., Franze, I., Indications, surgical technique, and long-term functional results of colon interposition or bypass (1988) Ann Surg, 208, pp. 460-474; 
Ellis Jr., F.H., Experimental aspects of surgical treatment of reflux esophagitis and esophageal stricture (1956) Ann Surg, 143, pp. 465-470; 
Ellis Jr., F.H., Physiologic operation for ulceration and stricture of terminal esophagus (1956) Mayo Clin Proc, 31, pp. 615-619; 
Payne, W.S., Andersen, H.A., Ellis Jr., F.H., Reappraisal of esophagogastrectomy and antral excision in the treatment of short esophagus (1964) Surgery, 55, pp. 344-348; 
Washer, G.F., Gear, M.W., Dowling, B.L., Duodenal diversion with vagotomy and antrectomy for severe or recurrent reflux oesophagitis and stricture: An alternative to operation at the hiatus (1986) Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 68, pp. 222-226; 
Matikainen, M., Antrectomy. Roux-en-Y reconstruction and vagotomy for recurrent reflux oesophagitis (1984) Acta Chir Scand, 150, pp. 643-645; 
Salo, J.A., Ala-Kulju, K.V., Heikkinen, L.O., Kivilaakso, E.O., Treatment of severe peptic esophageal stricture with Roux-en-Y partial gastrectomy, vagotomy, and endoscopic dilation: A follow-up study (1991) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 101, pp. 649-653; 
DeMiguel, J., Tratamiento de ciertas estrecheces pépticas del esófago mediante vagotomía, gastrectomía parcial y anastomosis gastroyeyunal en "Y" de Roux (1985) Rev Esp Enferm Apar Dig, 67, pp. 511-516; 
Hesselink, E.J., Sloof, M.S., Bleichrodt, R.P., Jansen, W., Edens, E.J., Gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y duodenal diversion as treatment for severe reflux esophagitis (1988) Diseases of the Esophagus, pp. 1248-1250. , Siewart JR, Hölscher AH, eds. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 
Rosetti, M., Hitz, P., Von Aarburg, R., Die distale Y-Gastrektomie bei komplexem und Rezidivreflux (1990) Helv Chir Acta, 56, pp. 935-938; 
Fékété, F., Pateron, D., What is the place of antrectomy with Roux-en-Y in the treatment of reflux disease? Experience with 83 total duodenal diversions (1992) World J Surg, 16, pp. 349-354; 
Herrington Jr., J.L., Mody, B., Total duodenal diversion for treatment of reflux esophagitis uncontrolled by repeated antireflux procedures (1976) Ann Surg, 183, pp. 636-644; 
Payne, W.S., Surgical management of reflux-induced oesophageal stenoses: Results in 101 patients (1984) Br J Surg, 71, pp. 971-973; 
Ellis Jr., F.H., Gibb, S.P., Esophageal reconstruction for complex benign esophageal disease (1990) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 99, pp. 192-199; 
Ellis Jr., F.H., Gibb, S.P., Acid suppression and alkaline diversion: A safe and effective operation for patients with complex benign esophageal disease requiring reoperation (1990) Diseases of the Esophagus. Vol 11: Benign Diseases, 11, pp. 391-400. , Little AG, Ferguson MK, Skinner DB, eds. Mt Kisco, NY: Futura Publishing Co Inc; 
Visick, A.H., A study of failures after gastrectomy. Hunterian lecture (1948) Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 3, pp. 266-284; 
Van Der Mijle, H.C., Beekhuis, H., Bleichrodt, R.P., Kleibeuker, J.H., Transit disorders of the gastric remnant and Roux limb after Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy: Relation to symptomatology and vagotomy (1993) Br J Surg, 80, pp. 60-64; 
Ellis Jr., F.H., Andersen, H.A., Clagett, O.T., Treatment of short stricture by esophagogastrectomy and antral excision (1958) Ann Surg, 148, pp. 526-536; 
Wells, C., Johnston, J.H., Hiatus hernia: Surgical relief of reflux esophagitis (1955) Lancet, 1, pp. 937-940; 
Holt, C.J., Large, A.M., Surgical management of reflux esophagitis (1961) Ann Surg, 153, pp. 555-562; 
Weaver, A.W., Large, A.M., Walt, A.J., Surgical management of severe reflux esophagitis: Eight to seventeen year follow-up study (1970) Am J Surg, 119, pp. 15-18; 
Payne, W.S., Surgical treatment of reflux esophagitis and stricture associated with permanent incompetence of the cardia (1970) Mayo Clin Proc, 45, pp. 553-562; 
Royston, C.M., Dowling, B.L., Spencer, J., Antrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomoses in the treatment of peptic esophagitis and stricture (1975) Br J Surg, 62, pp. 605-607; 
Washer, G.F., Gear, M.W., Dowling, B.L., Randomized prospective trial of Roux-en-Y duodenal diversion versus fundoplication for severe reflux oesophagitis (1984) Br J Surg, 71, pp. 181-184
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028114707&doi=10.1097%2f00000658-199410000-00011&partnerID=40&md5=f845c3a2fc451561ada48d6622399e48
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Epidemiological features of lung cancer in Slovenia
T2  - Radiology and Oncology
J2  - RADIOL. ONCOL.
VL  - 28
IS  - 4
SP  - 290
EP  - 297
PY  - 1994
SN  - 13182099 (ISSN) 
AU  - Pompe-Kirn, V.
AU  - Primic Zalkelj, M.
AU  - Volk, N.
AD  - Institute of Oncology, Zaloska 2, 61105 Ljubljana, Slovenia
AB  - Lung cancer is the most frequent cancer in the world with wide geographical variations in risk. In Europe its incidence trends in men are decreasing in the most affected countries such as Scotland and Finland, increasing moderately in Eastern Europe, and increasing steeply in Southern Europe. The incidence trends in women are increasing everywhere. Many risk factors have been identified, and the overwhelming role of tobacco smoking has been repeatedly demonstrated. According to the data of the Cancer Registry of Slovenia in the time period 1961-1990, the incidence of lung cancer in Slovenia was increasing. In the 80s the increase was moderate in men and steep in women. The cumulative rates in men were in the middle of those established for selected European states and regions while the rates in women were at the bottom. The results of the birth cohort analysis indicated a stabilisation of the rates in men and further increase of the rates in women. About 25% of cases in both sexes were diagnosed in a localised stage. In men the percentage of the localised stage was increasing by age which was explained by a decreasing percentage of the more aggressive small cell carcinoma. More squamous cell carcinomas were registered in men, and more adenocarcinomas in women. The observed survival of lung cancer patients was around 7% for men and 6% for women, and has not changed since 1970. In 1989, 42% of adult men and 24% of adult women in Slovenia were smokers. In the period 1975-1994, the percentage of smokers was decreasing in men, and increasing in women. These results are a challenge for more efficient antismoking campaigns, especially among women.
KW  - lung neoplasm-epidemiology
KW  - Slovenia
KW  - conference paper
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - male
KW  - smoking
KW  - Yugoslavia
PB  - Association of Radiology and Oncology
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Conference Paper
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: RONCE
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Pompe-Kirn, V.; Institute of Oncology, Zaloska 2, 61105 Ljubljana, Slovenia
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028589050&partnerID=40&md5=f0fba626ccfd527c9183d84dab55c959
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Late mortality in young BNLI patients cured of Hodgkin's disease
T2  - Annals of Oncology
J2  - ANN. ONCOL.
VL  - 5
IS  - SUPPL. 2
SP  - 65
EP  - 66
PY  - 1994
SN  - 09237534 (ISSN) 
AU  - Vaughan Hudson, B.
AU  - Vaughan Hudson, G.
AU  - Linch, D.C.
AU  - Anderson, L.
AD  - British Nat. Lymphoma Investigation, Department of Oncology, Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer Street, London W1N 8AA, United Kingdom
AB  - A retrospective analysis was made of 1057 young patients (aged 15-29) with Hodgkin's disease (HD) who were entered into British National Lymphoma Investigation (BNLI) trials and studies between 1970 and 1992, and who had attained complete remission and remained disease-free thereafter from either their first-line (n = 774) or second-line (n = 283) treatment. Overall survivals at 20 years for those remaining disease-free from first-line and second-line treatment were 93% and 84%, respectively, compared to a survival of approximately 98.5% in the general population. In young patients cured by modern first-line therapeutic techniques, long-term survival should in future be only a little below that expected in the general population, and the emphasis of future trials should be directed towards the improvement of the efficacy of first-line treatment.
KW  - Hodgkin's disease
KW  - late mortality
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cause of death
KW  - conference paper
KW  - follow up
KW  - hodgkin disease
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - multicenter study
KW  - priority journal
KW  - survival
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Antineoplastic Agents
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Combined Modality Therapy
KW  - England
KW  - Hodgkin Disease
KW  - Human
KW  - Infection
KW  - Life Expectancy
KW  - Multicenter Studies
KW  - Myocardial Infarction
KW  - Neoplasms, Second Primary
KW  - Radiotherapy
KW  - Remission Induction
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Salvage Therapy
KW  - Splenectomy
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Survival Analysis
KW  - Treatment Outcome
N1  - Cited By :17
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Conference Paper
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ANONE
C2  - 8204522
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Vaughan Hudson, G.; British Nat. Lymphoma Investigation, Department of Oncology, Middlesex Hospital, Mortimer Street, London W1N 8AA, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Antineoplastic Agents
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028137709&partnerID=40&md5=061695d39c4b916bcf89741a45976e9e
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Lifetime smoking habits among norwegian men and women born between 1890 and 1974
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Int. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
SP  - 267
EP  - 276
PY  - 1994
DO  - 10.1093/ije/23.2.267
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Rønneberg, A.
AU  - Erik Lund, K.
AU  - Hafstad, A.
AD  - The Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Epidemiological Cancer Research, Montebello, Oslo, N-0310, Norway
AD  - Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
AB  - Background. The aims of the present study were to provide lifetime smoking data for epidemiological studies of tobacco-induced cancer in Norway, and to sort out the influence of age, gender, and period on the population’s smoking habits in this century. Methods. We used annual surveys of smoking habits from 1954 to 1992, and individual lifetime smoking histories collected in 1965 from a population sample born 1893–1927. The population was divided into 5-year sex-and-birth cohorts born between 1890 and 1974, and smoking habits were described as the proportion of current smokers in 5-year age groups between 15 and 74 years old). We also estimated the average tobacco consumption per smoker by calendar year after 1930. Results. The proportion of smokers increased with each succeeding cohort of men and women until the 1950s, when the highest proportion of male smokers (76–78%) was observed among those born 1915–1934. This peak was followed by a decline in both men and women from 1955 to 1965. A second peak occurred in women around 1970, during which the highest proportion of smokers (52%) was observed in women born 1940–1949. From 1970 to 1990 smoking has declined in all cohorts of men and women, but at a slower rate after 1980 in the younger cohorts. The smoking proportion was more than five times higher in men than in women born 1890–1894, but the gap has declined with each succeeding cohort until no gender difference was present among those born after 1950. The average tobacco consumption per smoker between 1930 and 1950 remained fairly constant around 8.5 g per day in male smokers and 6 g per day in female smokers, followed by a continuous increase to 15 g per day in men and 12 g in women in 1985. Conclusions. The smoking habits in Norway appear to have been strongly influenced by social changes and the increasing awareness of the health hazards of smoking. Each cohort’s response to these events has depended on the members’ age and sex at the time. © 1994 International Epidemiological Association.
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cancer
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - female
KW  - gender
KW  - health education
KW  - human
KW  - lifespan
KW  - male
KW  - Norway
KW  - priority journal
KW  - sex ratio
KW  - smoking habit
KW  - sociology
KW  - tobacco
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Cross-Cultural Comparison
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Norway
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Social Change
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :81
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 8082952
LA  - English
N1  - References: Report of the Advisory committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service (1964), PHS Publication No. 1103. Washington DC: US Public Health Service; Mørck, H.I., Linde, J., Agner, E., Hein, H.O., Gyntelberg, F., Nielsen, P.E., Tobacco consumption and smoking habits in the Nordic countries 1920–1980 (1982) Nordisk Medicin, 97, pp. 134-146; 
Bjartveit Lund, K.E., Smoking Control in Norway (1987), Oslo: National Council on Smoking and Health; Pedersen, E., Magnus, K., Mork, T., Lung cancer in Finland and Norway. An epidemiological study (1969) Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand; 
Haenszel, W., Hougen, A., Proportion of respiratory symptoms in Norway (1972) J Chron Dis, 25, pp. 519-544; 
Zeiner-Henriksen, T., Smoking habits in the Norwegian population (1976) Tidsskrift for Den Norske lægeforening, 96, pp. 617-620. , (in Norwegian); 
Harns, J.E., Cigarette smoking among successive birth cohorts of men and women in the United States during 1900–80 (1983) J Natl Cancer Inst, 71, pp. 473-479; 
Stevens, R.G., Moolgavkar S H. Estimation of relative risk from vital data: Smoking and cancers of the lung and bladder (1979) J Natl Cancer Inst, 63, pp. 1351-1357; 
Moolgavkar, S.H.S.R.G., Smoking and cancers of bladder and pancreas: Risks and temporal trends. (1981) J Natl Cancer Inst, 67, pp. 15-23; 
Kreyberg, H.J.A., A study of tobacco smoking in Norway (1954) Br J Cancer, 8, pp. 13-33; 
Nordvik, H.W., The Norwegian tobacco industry 1850–1940. In: Sejersted F, Strømme Svendsen A (eds) (1978) Leaves of the Tobacco History, pp. 221-290. , Oslo: J L Tiedemanns Tobaksfabrik, (in Norwegian); 
Zeiner-Henriksen, T., Lund, E., Mortality risk and smoking among middle aged Norwegian men (1985) Tidskrift for Den Norske lægeforening, 105, pp. 353-357. , (in Norwegian); 
Strømme Svendsen, A., The Norwegian tobacco industry against an international background (1978) Leaves of the Tobacco History, pp. 291-347. , Sejersted F, Strømme Svendsen A (eds), Oslo: J L Tiedemanns Tobaksfabrik, (in Norwegian); 
Nielsen, T., Tobacco and advertising between the wars. In: Sejersted F, Strømme Svendsen A (eds) (1978) Leaves of the Tobacco History, pp. 348-387. , Oslo: J L Tiedemanns Tobaksfabrik, (in Norwegian); 
Doll, R., Hill, A.B., The mortality of doctors in relation to their smoking habits. A preliminary report (1954) Br Med J, 1, pp. 1451-1455; 
Hammond, E.C.H.D., Smoking and death rates — Report on forty-four months of follow-up of 187 783 men. II. Death rates by cause (1958) J am Med Assoc, 166, pp. 1294-1308; 
Lee, P.N., Tobacco Consumption in Various Countries (1975), Research Paper 6, 4th edn, London: Tobacco Research CouncilUR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028350531&doi=10.1093%2fije%2f23.2.267&partnerID=40&md5=dd7f67b517479c36e99f8ce002e0e76d
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Occupation, occupational exposure to chemicals and rheumatological disease: A register based cohort study
T2  - Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology
J2  - Scand. J. Rheumatol.
VL  - 23
IS  - 6
SP  - 305
EP  - 310
PY  - 1994
DO  - 10.3109/03009749409099278
SN  - 03009742 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lundberg, I.
AU  - Alfredsson, L.
AU  - Plato, N.
AU  - Sverdrup, B.
AU  - Klareskog, L.
AU  - Kleinau, S.
AD  - Department of Occupational Health, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Department of Clinical Immunology, Huddinge Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
AD  - Department of Rheumatology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Department of Clinical Immunology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
AB  - The cumulative incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was compared between different occupations, and between different exposure groups based on a job-exposure matrix (JEM). The study population comprised those subjects who in 1980 lived in one of 13 Swedish counties, were born between 1905 and 1945, and who had stated the same occupation in the censuses of 1960 and 1970, a total of 375,035 men and 140,139 women. The study population was followed concerning hospital care for rheumatoid arthritis in 1981-1983 by linkage to the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register. In general there were rather small differences in the relative risk of RA in different exposure groups and different occupations. Most of the occupations associated with an increased risk of RA were occupations in which it was possible to work when the disease was present, i.e. cost accountants, estimating clerks and working proprietors in the retail trade. However, an increased relative risk of RA was also observed in some occupations where selection of RA patients out of heavy work should have biased genuinely increased relative risks towards unity. Such occupations were farmers, upholsterers, lacquerers, concrete workers, and hair-dressers. Substantial handling of organic solvents, according to the JEM, was associated with an increased relative risk. © 1994 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Cohort study
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Farming
KW  - Occupation
KW  - Organic solvents
KW  - Rheumatoid arthritis
KW  - organic solvent
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - occupation
KW  - occupational exposure
KW  - priority journal
KW  - rheumatoid arthritis
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Arthritis, Rheumatoid
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Hydrocarbons
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Mineral Oil
KW  - Occupational Diseases
KW  - Occupational Exposure
KW  - Occupations
KW  - Registries
KW  - Risk
KW  - Solvents
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :45
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SJRHA
C2  - 7801054
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lundberg, I.; Department of Occupational Health, Karolinska Hospital, S-10401, Stockholm, Sweden
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Hydrocarbons; Mineral Oil, 8020-83-5; Solvents
N1  - References: Heath, C., Fortin, P., Epidemiologic Studies of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Future Directions (1992) J Rheumatol, 19, pp. 74-79. , Suppl 32; 
Hochberg, M., Changes in the Incidence and Prevalence of Rheumatoid Arthritis in England and Wales, 1970–1982 (1990) Semin Arthritis Rheum, 19, pp. 294-302; 
Silman, A., Ollier, W., Hayton, R., Holligan, S., Smith, I., Twin Concordance Rates for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Preliminary Results from a Nationwide Study. Abstract (1987) Br J Rheumatol, 28, p. 95. , Suppl 2; 
Spector, T., Epidemiology of Rheumatoid Arthritis (1990) Rheum Dis Clin North Am, 14, pp. 513-538; 
Gregersen, P., Silver, J., Winchester, R., The Shared Epitope Hypothesis: an Approach to Understanding the Molecular Genetics of Susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis (1987) Arthritis Rheum, 30, pp. 1205-1213; 
Klockars, M., Koskela, R.S., Järvinen, E., Kolari, P., Rossi, A., Silica Exposure and Rheumatoid Arthritis: a Follow Up Study of Granite Workers 1940–1981 (1987) Br Med J, 294, pp. 997-1000; 
Koskela, R.S., Klockars, M., Järvinen, E., Mortality and Disability Among Cotton Mill Workers (1990) Br J Ind Med, 47, pp. 384-391; 
Kleinau, S., Erlandsson, H., Holmdahl, R., Klareskog, L., Adjuvant oils induce arthritis in DA rats. I. Characterization of the Disease and Evidence for an Immunological Involvement (1991) J Autoimmun, 4, pp. 871-880; 
Kleinau, S., Erlandsson, H., Klareskog, L., Percutaneous Exposure of Adjuvant Oil Causes Arthritis in DA Rats (1994) J Clin Exp Immunol, 96, pp. 281-284; 
Plato, N., Steineck, G., Methodology and Utility of a Job-Exposure Matrix (1993) Am J Ind Med, 23, pp. 491-502; 
Rothman, K., (1986) Modern epidemiology, , Little, Brown and Company Boston; 
Vingård, E., Alfredsson, L., Goldie, I., Hogstedt, C., Occupation and Osteoarthrosis of the Hip and Knee: a Register-Based Cohort Study (1991) Int J Epidemiol, 20, pp. 1025-1031; 
Hellgren, L., The Prevalence of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Occupational Groups (1970) Acta Rheumatol Scand, 16, pp. 106-113; 
Flodin, U., Soderfeldt, B., Noorlind-Brage, H., Fredriksson, M., Axelson, O., Multiple Sclerosis, Solvents, and Pets. A Case-Referent Study (1988) Arch Neurol, 45, pp. 620-623; 
Landtblom, A.-M., Flodin, U., Karlsson, M., Pälhagen, S., Axelson, O., Soderfeldt, B., Sclerosis Multiple and Exposure to SolventsRadiation Ionizing and Animals (1993) Scand J Work Environ Health, 19, pp. 399-404; 
Gunnarsson, L.-G., Bodin, L., Soderfeldt, B., Axelson, O., A Case-Control Study of Motor Neurone Disease: Its Relation to Heritability, and Occupational Exposures, Particularly to Solvents (1992) Br J Ind Med, 49, pp. 791-798
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0028003910&doi=10.3109%2f03009749409099278&partnerID=40&md5=6fdc39f8b86a493cb218c3cc05009e92
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Results of a rubella screening program for hospital employees: A five-year review (1986-1990)
T2  - American Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Am. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 138
IS  - 9
SP  - 756
EP  - 764
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116913
SN  - 00029262 (ISSN) 
AU  - Fraser, V.
AU  - Spitznagel, E.
AU  - Medoff, G.
AU  - Dunagan, W.C.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States
AD  - Department of Biostatistics, Division of Infectious Disease, Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States
AB  - The Barnes Hospital Employee Health Service (St. Louis, Missouri) rubella screening program was evaluated over the 5-year period between January 1,1986, and December 31,1990. A total of 6,969 new employees were hired, and 6,115 (87.7%) were screened for evidence of rubella immunity by the Employee Health Service. Rubella serology was performed on 5,893 (96.4%) of the screened employees, while 222 (3.6%) had documentation of prior rubella vaccination or rubella infection. The absence of immunity was identified in 325 employees or 5.3% of all those screened. Women were more frequently screened by the Employee Health Service than were men (p<0.0001), and blacks were more frequently screened than were non-Hispanic Caucasians (p<0.0001). Physicians were less frequently screened than were other departmental groups (p<0.0001). The rate of seronegativity for each year of hire varied from 4.45 to 6.76%, but these differences were not significant. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that 5-year birth cohorts correlated significantly with serologic status. Employees born in 1960-1964 were least likely to be seronegative, and employees born in 1970 or later were most likely to be seronegative. Sex, race, and department group were not predictive of serologic status, although significant differences in results from different rubella assays were detected. Only 13.8% of seronegative employees were subsequently vaccinated by the Employee Health Service. This study demonstrates a lower seronegativity rate than did previous studies. It identifies groups of employees likely to escape rubella screening and low vaccination rates. It finds increasing seronegativity among employees born after 1964 that correlates with the reported increasing rates of rubella in the United States. © 1993 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygene and Public Health.
KW  - Rubella
KW  - Vaccination
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - caucasian
KW  - female
KW  - hospital personnel
KW  - human
KW  - immunity
KW  - male
KW  - negro
KW  - priority journal
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - rubella
KW  - screening
KW  - seroepidemiology
KW  - serology
KW  - sex
KW  - vaccination
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Female
KW  - Hospitals, University
KW  - Human
KW  - Logistic Models
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Missouri
KW  - Personnel, Hospital
KW  - Rubella
KW  - Rubella Vaccine
KW  - Seroepidemiologic Studies
KW  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PB  - Oxford University Press
N1  - Cited By :8
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJEPA
C2  - 8237990
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Fraser, V.; Division of Infectious Disease, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8051, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Rubella Vaccine
N1  - References: (1991) MMWR, 40, pp. 93-99. , Increase in rubella and congenital rubella; 
United States, 1991 (1992) MMWR, 40, pp. 57-58. , Summary of notifiable diseases; 
Orenstein, W.A., Bart, K.J., Henman, A.R., The opportunity and obligation to eliminate rubella from the United States (1984) JAMA, 251, pp. 1988-1994; 
Preblud, S.R., Serdula, M.K., Frank, J.A., Jr., Rubella vaccination in the United States: A ten- year review (1980) Epidemiol Rev, 2, pp. 171-194; 
Nelson, D.B., Layde, M.M., Chatton, T.B., Rubella susceptibility in inner city adolescents: The effect of school immunization law (1982) Am J Public Health, 72, pp. 710-713; 
Schum, T.R., Nelson, D.B., Duma, M.A., Increasing rubella seronegativity despite a compulsory school law (1990) Am J Public Health, 80, pp. 66-69; 
Kelley, P.W., Petruccelli, B.P., Stehr-Green, P., The susceptibility of young adult Americans to vaccine-preventable infections. A national sero- survey of US army recruits (1991) JAMA, 266, pp. 2724-2729; 
(1990) MMWR, 39, pp. 1-18. , Rubella prevention; 
Storch, G.A., Gruber, C., Benz, B., A rubella outbreak among dental students: Description of the outbreak and analysis of control measures (1985) Infect Control, 6, pp. 150-156; 
Recommendations for the control of rubella within hospitals (1981) Infect Control, 2, pp. 410-411. , The Advisory Committee on Infections within Hospitals of the American Hospital Association; 
Polk, B.F., White, J.A., De Girolami, P.C., Anoutbreak of rubella among hospital personnel (1980) N Engl J Med, 303, pp. 541-545; 
Greaves, W.L., Orenstein, W.A., Steller, W.C., Prevention of rubella transmission in medical facilities (1982) JAMA, 248, pp. 861-864; 
Poland, G.A., Nichol, K.L., Medical schools and immunization policies: Missed opportunities for disease prevention (1990) Ann Intern Med, 113, pp. 628-631; 
Orenstein, W.A., Heseltine, P., Legagnoux, S.J., Rubella vaccine and susceptible hospital employees: Poor physician participation (1981) JAMA, 245, pp. 711-713; 
Murray, D.L., Weatherly, M.R., Sperling, J.L., Identification and immunization of medical students susceptible to measles and rubella: A nationwide survey (1985) Am J Public Health, 75, pp. 556-557; 
Hartstein, A.I., Wuan, M.A., Williams, M.L., Rubella screening and immunization of health care personnel: Critical appraisal of a voluntary program (1983) Am J Infect Control, 11, pp. 1-9; 
Levey, R., Immunization status of entering house- staff physicians (1988) J Occup Med, 30, pp. 822-823; 
Crawford, G.E., Gremillion, D.H., Epidemic measles and rubella in Air Force recruits: Impact of immunization (1981) J Infect Dis, 144, pp. 403-410; 
Bart, K.J., Orenstein, W.A., Preblud, S.R., Universal immunization to interrupt rubella (1985) Rev Infect Dis, 7, pp. 5177-5184; 
Strassburg, M.A., Stephenson, T.G., Habel, L.A., Rubella in hospital employees (1984) Infect Control, 5, pp. 123-126; 
Hilton, E., Singer, C., Kozarsky, P., Status of immunity to tetanus, measles, rubella, and polio among US travelers (1991) Ann Intern Med, 115, pp. 32-33
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027444824&doi=10.1093%2foxfordjournals.aje.a116913&partnerID=40&md5=fe0534b2d0762a298452268aa2eaa60a
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Seroepidemiology, morbidity and vaccination strategies against rubella infection. Eight years experience in oltrepo pavese
T2  - European Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Eur J Epidemiol
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
SP  - 322
EP  - 326
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.1007/BF00146271
SN  - 03922990 (ISSN) 
AU  - Pelissero, C.
AU  - Marena, C.
AU  - Aguzzi, F.
AU  - Bevilacqua, M.
AU  - Rebasti, F.
AD  - Dipartimento di Medicina Preventiva, Occupazionale e di Cornunità, Sezione di Igiene Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Forlanini, Pavia, 2 - 27100, Italy
AD  - Laboratorio Analisi Ospedale di Broni e Stradella, Voghera, USSL 79, Italy
AD  - Servizio di Igiene Pubblica, Ambientale e Tutela della Salute nei luoghi di lavoro, Voghera, USSL 79, Italy
AD  - Servizio Assistenza Sanitaria di Base, Voghera, USSL 79, Italy
AB  - Selective rubella vaccination of schoolgirls in Italy started 14 years ago following the United Kingdom strategy that was adopted in 1970. The aims of this program were to eliminate the risk of rubella among women of childbearing age, encourage the acquisition of immunity by natural infection during early childhood and allow the vaccine-induced antibody production by the circulating virus. On the basis of this program, between 1982 to 1990, a prospective serosurvey for rubella antibody in the province of Pavia was performed. The results showed a decline in the overall seropositivity rate for rubella antibodies from 57.7% in 1982 to 41.9% in 1984 followed by a remarkable increase in 1985 (53.3%) and in 1987 (56.5%). This trend was confirmed by the number of cases reported to the local Public Health Service. The results of this study provide further evidence of the need to change the current selective immunization policy in order to obtain a significant reduction of risk of the infection in the population. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
KW  - Rubella infection
KW  - Serological survey
KW  - Vaccination
KW  - rubella vaccine
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - health care policy
KW  - health program
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - italy
KW  - rubella
KW  - seroepidemiology
KW  - vaccination
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Antibodies, Viral
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Policy
KW  - Health Surveys
KW  - Human
KW  - Immunization Programs
KW  - Italy
KW  - Male
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Population Surveillance
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Rubella
KW  - Rubella virus
KW  - Seroepidemiologic Studies
KW  - Vaccination
KW  - Women's Health Services
PB  - Kluwer Academic Publishers
N1  - Cited By :3
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EJEPE
C2  - 8405319
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Pelissero, C.; Dipartimento di Medicina Preventiva, Occupazionale e di Cornunità, Sezione di Igiene Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Forlanini, Pavia, 2 - 27100, Italy
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Antibodies, Viral
N1  - References: Bakski, S.S., Cooper, L.Z., Rubella and mumps vaccines (1990) Pediatr. Clin. North Am., 37, pp. 651-668; 
Banatvala, J.E., Best, J.M., 0'Shea, S., Dudgeon, J.A., Persistence of rubella antibodies after vaccination: Detection after experimental challenge (1985) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7, pp. 86-90; 
Bart, KJ., Orenstein, W.A., Preblud, S.R., Hinman, A.R., Universal immunization to interrupt rubella (1985) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7, pp. 177-184; 
Bart, S.W., Stetler, H.C., Preblud, S.R., Fetal risk associated with rubella vaccine: an update (1985) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7, pp. 95-102; 
Berkeley, M.I.K.B., Moffat, M.A.J., Russell, D., Surveillance of antibody to rubella virus in Grampian: closing the immunity gap (1991) Br. Med. J., 303, pp. 1174-1176; 
Cellesi, C., Rossolini, A., Zanchi, A., Gusi, M.G., Rossolini, G.M., Valensin, P.E., Immunità umorale virus-specifica dopo vaccinazione antirubeolica (1989) G. Mal. Infett. Parassit., 41, pp. 985-993; 
Increase in rubella and congenital rubella (1991) JAMA, 265, pp. 1076-1077. , Centers for Disease Control; 
Outbreaks of rubella among the Amish-United States, 1991 (1991) MMWR, 40, pp. 264-265. , Centers for Disease Control; 
Ciammarughi, R., Romagnoli, G., Zanasi, A., Martelli, M.T., Arlotti, M., Prevenzione delta rosolia congenita (1989) G. Mal. Infett. Parassit., 41, pp. 985-993; 
Cinquetti, S., Collareta, A.L., Casagrande, G., Epidemiologia delta rosolia: analisi valutativa dell'attuale strategia di vaccinazione (1989) Rivista Italiana di Medicina di Comunità, 8, pp. 6-15; 
Clarke, M., Seagroatt, V., Schild, G.C., Pollock, T.M., Surveys of rubella antibodies in young adults and children (1983) Lancet, 26, pp. 667-669; 
Cochi, S.L., Edmonds, L.E., Dyer, K., Congenital rubella syndrome in the United States, 1970–1985. On the verge of elimination (1989) Am. J. Epidemiol., 129 (2), pp. 349-361; 
Dudgeon, J.A., Selective immunization: Protection of the individual (1985) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7, pp. 185-190; 
Enders, G., Rubella antibody titers in vaccinated and non-vaccinated women and results of vaccination during pregnancy (1985) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7, pp. 103-107; 
Furesz, J., Varughese, P., Acres, S.E., Rubella immunization strategies in Canada (1985) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7, pp. 191-193; 
Galli, M.G., Indagine sulla situazione epidemiologica delta rosolia in Italia a distanza di circa vent'anni dall'introduzione delta vaccinazione (1989) Ann. Ig., 1, pp. 247-254; 
Gomwalk, N.E., Ahmad, A., Prevalence of rubella antibodies on the African continent (1985) Rev. Infect. Dis., 7, pp. 116-121; 
Gregg, N.M., Congenital cataract following German measles in the mother (1941) Trans. Ophthalmol. Soc. Aust., 3, pp. 35-46; 
Gudnadòttir, M., Cost-effectiveness of different strategies for prevention of congenital rubella infection: a pratical example from Iceland (1985) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7, pp. 200-209; 
Hossain, A., Seroepidemiology of rubella in Saudi Arabia (1989) J. Trop. Pediatr., 35, pp. 169-170; 
Just, M., Just, V., Berger, R., Duration of immunity after rubella vaccination: A long-term study in Switzerland (1985) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7, pp. 91-94; 
Knox, E.G., Theoretical aspects of rubella vaccination strategies (1985) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7, pp. 194-197; 
Kono, R., Hirayama, M., Sugishita, C., Epidemiology of rubella and congenital rubella infection in Japan (1985) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7, pp. 56-63; 
Lee, S.H., Ewert, D.P., Frederick, P.D., Mascola, L., Resurgence of congenital rubella syndrome in the 1990s. Report on missed opportunities and failed prevention policies among women of childbearing age (1992) JAMA, 267, pp. 2616-2620; 
Menser, M.A., Hudson, J.R., Murphy, A.M., Cossart, Y.E., Impact of rubella vaccination in Australia (1984) Lancet, 12, pp. 1059-1061; 
Menser, M.A., Hudson, J.R., Murphy, A.M., Epidemiology of congenital rubella and results of rubella vaccination in Australia (1985) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7, pp. 37-41; 
Miller, C.L., Miller, E., Waight, P.A., Rubella susceptibility and the continuing risk of infection in pregnancy (1987) Br. Med. J., 294, pp. 1277-1278; 
Mingle, J.A.A., Frequency of rubella antibodies in the population of some tropical african countries (1985) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7, pp. 68-71; 
Orenstein, W.A., Bart, K.J., Hinman, A.R., The opportunity and obligation to eliminate rubella from the United States (1984) JAMA, 251, pp. 1988-1994; 
Orenstein, W.A., Herrmann, K.L., Holmgreen, P., Prevalence of rubella antibodies in Massachusetts schoolchildren (1986) Am. J. Epid., 124, pp. 290-298; 
Pérez-Trallero, E., Cilia Eguiluz, G., Dononsoro Iraeta, M., Saenz Domingues, J.R., Rubella in Guipùzcoa (Basque Country, Spain) a four-year serosurvey (1991) European J. Epidemiol., 4, p. 183; 
Robertson, S.E., Cochi, S.L., Bunn, G.A., Preventing rubella: assessing missed opportunities for immunization (1987) A.J.P.H., 77, pp. 1347-1349; 
Robilaro, C., Filippo, V., Scozzafava, A., Infezioni virali e gravidanza: la rosolia (1984) Clin. Ter., 110, pp. 265-269; 
Schatzmayr, H.G., Aspects of rubella infection in Brazil (1985) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7, pp. 53-55; 
Seth, P., Manjunath, N., Balaya, S., Rubella infection: The indian scene (1985) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7, pp. 64-67; 
Stanley, F.J., Sim, M., Wilson, G., Worthington, S., The decline in congenital rubella syndrome in Western Australia: an impact of the school girl vaccination program? (1986) A.J.P.H., 76, pp. 35-37; 
Steward, G.L., Parkman, P.D., Napps, H.E., Douglas, R.D., Hamilton, J.P., Meyer, H.M., Rubella virus haemoagglutination-inhibition test (1967) New England Journal of Medicine, 276, p. 554; 
Tobin, J.O'H, Sheppard, S., Smithells, R.W., Milton, A., Rubella in the United Kingdom, 1970–1983 (1985) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7, pp. 47-51; 
Turner, A., Oljugba, O., Erytema infectiosum in a primary school: investigation of an outbreak in Bury (1989) Public. Health, 103, pp. 391-393; 
Ukkonen, P., von Bonsdorff, C.H., Rubella immunity and morbidity: effects of vaccination in Finland (1988) Scand. J. Infect. Dis., 20, pp. 255-259; 
Valensin, P.E., Gusi, M.G., Zanchi, A., Rubella epidemiology over a 14-year period in Siena (Italy): a retrospective serological survey (1988) Microbiol., 11, pp. 119-127; 
Wannian, S., Rubella in the People's Republic of China (1985) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7, p. s72; 
Wharton, M., Cochi, S.L., Willia, W.W., Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines (1990) Infects. Dis. Clin. North. Am., 4, pp. 47-73; 
Wilson, J., Implications of the international initiative against avoidable disablement (“impact”) for rubella control (1985) Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7, pp. 198-199
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027245096&doi=10.1007%2fBF00146271&partnerID=40&md5=22b4e9437a2ec2ba40ad5fd9289d6336
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Social epidemiology of chickenpox in two British national cohorts
T2  - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
J2  - J. EPIDEMIOL. COMMUNITY HEALTH
VL  - 47
IS  - 4
SP  - 274
EP  - 281
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.1136/jech.47.4.274
SN  - 0143005X (ISSN) 
AU  - Pollock, J.I.
AU  - Golding, J.
AD  - Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, University of Bristol, St Michael's Hill, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
AB  - Study Objective - To provide a quantitative description of factors independently predictive of reported chickenpox infections in two national cohorts of British children. Design - Longitudinal cohort study design employing logistic regression analysis of data obtained in the 1970 British Births Survey (later to become the Child Health and Education Study, CHES), and the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey (later to become the National Child Development Survey, NCDS). Settings - One-week birth cohorts covering the whole of the United Kingdom. Participants - Data were obtained from questionnaires administered to the carers of 10 196 children born in the UK between 5 and 11 April 1970 (CHES) and 10 927 children born in the UK between 3 and 9 March 1958 (NCDS). These numbers consist of the whole of the surviving cohorts excluding those for whom data were incomplete. Measurements - Biological, social, and medical factors in the parents and children, as recorded by the child's principle carer or from clinical notes. Main results - Chickenpox by the age of 10 years was reported to be more common in the children of advantaged families (higher social class, higher parental education levels), with a higher prevalence in those parts of the United Kingdom normally associated with affluence, such as the South East and South West of England, and lower rates in Wales and Scotland. Chickenpox by 10 years was also associated with more crowding in the home. A similar but less marked pattern occurred for chickenpox by the age of 11 years in the 1958 NCDS cohort. This social distribution apparently reflected overall rather than age-specific susceptibility. Conclusions - The national and international pattern of chickenpox epidemiology indicate that both social and climatological factors may be important in defining groups at risk. Further research is indicated if a vaccination service is to be implemented in this country.
KW  - article
KW  - chickenpox
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - family history
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - income
KW  - infant
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - onset age
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - social aspect
KW  - social class
KW  - United Kingdom
N1  - Cited By :22
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JECHD
C2  - 8228761
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Pollock, J.I.; Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, University of Bristol, St Michael's Hill, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027168756&doi=10.1136%2fjech.47.4.274&partnerID=40&md5=b041b5c172c0fe386fdf8a98332432dd
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The energy, nutrient and food intakes of teenagers aged 16–17 years in Britain: 1. Energy, macronutrients and non-starch polysaccharides
T2  - British Journal of Nutrition
J2  - Br. J. Nutr.
VL  - 70
IS  - 1
SP  - 15
EP  - 26
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.1079/BJN19930101
SN  - 00071145 (ISSN) 
AU  - Crawley, H.F.
AD  - School of Life Sciences, The University of North London, Holloway Road, London, N7 8DB, Kiribati
AB  - As part of the 16–17 year follow-up of the 1970 longitudinal birth cohort study, The International Centre for Child Studies collected dietary data from a National sample of 4760 teenagers. Dietary intake data were collected in 4 d unweighed dietary diaries, distributed by schools and returned by post. Dietary intake data were quantitatively coded, and the intakes of energy, macronutrients and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) are reported. Intakes of fat and extrinsic sugars, expressed as a percentage of energy intake, exceeded recent recommendations (Department of Health, 1991), and the intakes of intrinsic sugars, milk sugars and starch, and NSP were considerably lower than recommended. Only 25% of males and 10% of females achieved intakes of 18 g NSP/d. The main food groups contributing fat (%) to the diets of teenagers (for males and females respectively) were meat and meat products (24.2, 22.1), spreading fats (18.6, 18.1) and cereals and cereal products (18, 17.8), whilst the major sources of sugars (%) were (for males and females respectively) sugar and confectionary (28.2, 26.4), cereals and cereal products (24.5, 23) and beverages (21.9, 21.5). Less than half the cohort drank alcohol during the recording period, and about 6% of females drank more than 2 units alcohol/d, and about 6% of males drank more than 3 units alcohol/d. © 1993, The Nutrition Society. All rights reserved.
KW  - Dietary survey
KW  - Food choice
KW  - Nutrient intake
KW  - Teenagers
KW  - polysaccharide
KW  - sugar
KW  - adolescent
KW  - alcohol consumption
KW  - article
KW  - beverage
KW  - caloric intake
KW  - cereal
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - dietary intake
KW  - fat intake
KW  - female
KW  - food intake
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - meat
KW  - normal human
KW  - nutrient
KW  - priority journal
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adolescent Nutrition
KW  - Diet
KW  - Diet Records
KW  - Dietary Carbohydrates
KW  - Dietary Fats
KW  - Dietary Proteins
KW  - Energy Intake
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Food Habits
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Polysaccharides
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :56
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 8399097
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Crawley, H.F.; School of Life Sciences, The University of North London, Holloway Road, London, N7 8DB, Kiribati
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Dietary Proteins; Polysaccharides
N1  - References: Barker, M.E., McLean, S.I., McKenna, P.G., Reid, N.G., Strain, J.J., Thompson, K.A., Williamson, P., Wright, M.E., (1989) Diet, Lifestyle and Health in Northern Ireland, , Coleraine: Centre for Applied Health Studies, University of Ulster; 
Bingham, S., The dietary assessment of individuals; methods, accuracy, new techniques and recommendations (1987) Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, 57A, pp. 705-742; 
Bingham, S.A., Pett, S., Day, K.C., Non-starch polysaccharide intake of a representative sample of British adults (1990) Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 3, pp. 333-337; 
Black, A.E., Goldberg, G.R., Jebb, S.A., Livingstone, M.B.E., Cole, T.J., Prentice, A.M., Evaluating the results of published surveys (1991) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 45, pp. 583-599; 
Borelli, R., Cole, T.J., Di Base, G., Contaldo, F., Some statistical considerations on dietary assessment methods (1989) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 43, pp. 453-463; 
Braddon, F.E.M., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Davies, J.M.C., Cripps, H.A., Social and regional differences in food and alcohol consumption and their measurement in a national birth cohort (1988) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 42, pp. 341-349; 
Bull, N., Dietary habits of 15–25 year olds (1985) Applied Nutrition, 39A, pp. 1-68. , Suppl. I; 
Bull, N.L., Wheeler, E.F., A study of different dietary survey methods among 30 civil servants (1986) Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition, 40A, pp. 60-66; 
Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., Perinatal mortality. First report of the 1958 perinatal mortality survey (1963) Edinburgh: E & S Livingstone; 
Butler, N.R., Haslum, M.N., Barker, W., Morris, A.C., (1982) Child Health and Education Study. First Report to the Department on Education and Science on the 10 Year Follow-up, , Bristol: University Bristol; 
Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1970) British Births, 1, pp. 1-8. , The First Week of Life. London: William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd; 
Cook, J., Altman, D.G., Moore, D.M.C., Topp, S.G., Holland, W.W., Elliott, A., A survey of the nutritional status of schoolchildren (1973) British Journal of Preventative and Social Medicine, 27, pp. 91-99; 
Crawley, H., (1988) Food Portion Sizes, , London: H.M. Stationery Office; 
(1989) The Diets of British Schoolchildren, , Department of Health, Report on Health and Social Subjects no. 36. London: H.M. Stationery Office; 
Department of Health (1991) Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom, , Report on Health and Social Subjects no. 41. London: H.M. Stationery Office; 
Douglas, J.W.B., The health and survival of children in different social classes: The results of a national survey (1951) Lancet, ii, pp. 440-446; 
Durnin, J.V.G.A., Lonergan, M.E., Good, J., Ewan, A., A cross-sectional nutritional and anthropometric study, with an interval of 7 years, on 611 young adolescent schoolchildren (1974) British Journal of Nutrition, 32, pp. 169-179; 
Englyst, H.N., Bingham, S.A., Runswick, S.A., Collinson, E., Cummings, J.A., Dietary fibre (non-starch polysaccharides) in fruit, vegetables and nuts (1988) Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 1, pp. 247-286; 
Fehily, A.M., Epidemiology for Nutritionists 4. Survey methods (1983) Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition, 37A, pp. 419-425; 
Goldberg, G.R., Black, A.E., Jebb, S.E., Cole, T.J., Murgatroyd, P.R., Coward, W.A., Prentice, A.M., Derivation of cut-off limits to identify under-recording (1991) European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 45, pp. 569-581; 
Greenfield, H., Chuah, L.K., Composition of Australian foods. 12. Hamburgers (1981) Food Technology Australia, 33, pp. 619-620; 
Greenfield, H., Wimalasiri, P., Han, L.T.N., Balmer, N., Wills, R.B.H., Chinese foods (1981) Food Technology Australia, 33, pp. 176-181; 
Gregory, J., Foster, K., Tyler, H., Wiseman, M., (1990) The Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults, , London: H.M. Stationery Office; 
Hackett, A.F., Rugg-Gunn, A.J., Appleton, D.R., (1983) Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition, 37A, pp. 293-300; 
Hackett, A.F., Rugg-Gunn, A.J., Appleton, D.R., Eastoe, J.E., Jenkins, G.N., A two-year longitudinal nutritional survey of 405 Northumberland children initially aged 11.5 years (1984) British Journal of Nutrition, 51, pp. 67-74; 
Holland, B., Unwin, I., Buss, D.H., Cereals and Cereal Products. Third Supplement to McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods (1988), London: H.M. Stationery Office; Holland, B., Unwin, I., Buss, D.H., Milk, Milk products and Eggs. Fourth Supplement to McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods (1989), London: H.M. Stationery Office; Holland, B., Unwin, I., Buss, D.H., (1991) Vegetables and herbs. Fifth Supplement to McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods, , London: H.M. Stationery Office; 
Livingstone, M.B.E., Davies, P.S.W., Prentice, A.M., Coward, W.A., Black, A.E., Strain, J.J., McKenna, P.G., Comparison of simultaneous measures of energy intake and expenditure in children and adolescents (1990) Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 50, p. 15A; 
McLaughlin, P.I., Weihrauch, J.L., Vitamin E content of foods (1979) Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 75, pp. 647-665; 
Marr, J.W., Individual dietary surveys: purposes and methods (1971) World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics, 13, pp. 105-164; 
(1989) Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, , Food Facts no. 10. London: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food; 
Nettleton, P.A., Nelson, M., Dietary survey methods. 2. A comparison of nutrient intakes within families using household measures and the semi-weighed method of measuring food intake (1980) Journal of Human Nutrition, 34, pp. 349-354; 
(1988) Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, , Regional Trends 1986. London: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys; 
Osborn, A.F., Butler, N.R., Morris, A.C., The Social Life of Britain's Five Year Olds. A report on the Child Health and Education Study (1984), London: Routledge & Kegan Paul; Paul, A.A., Southgate, D.A.T., McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods (1978), London: H.M. Stationery Office; Pixley, F., Mann, J., (1988) Dietary factors in the aetiology of gall stones: A case control study, 29, pp. 1511-1515; 
(1987) Royal College of Physicians, , A Great and Growing Evil: The Medical Consequences of Alcohol Abuse. London and New York: Tavistock; 
Rugg-Gunn, A.J., Hackett, A.F., Appleton, D.R., Moynihan, P.J., The dietary intake of added and natural sugars in 405 English adolescents (1986) Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition, 40A, pp. 115-124; 
Schofield, W.N., Schofield, C., James, W.P.T., Basal metabolic rate (1985) Human Nutrition: Clinical Nutrition, 1, pp. 1-96. , 39C, Suppl; 
Siveil, L.M., Bull, N.L., Buss, D.H., Wiggins, R.A., Scuffam, D., Jackson, P.A., Vitamin A activity in foods of animal origin (1984) Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 35, pp. 931-939; 
Southgate, D.A.T., Paul, A.A., Dean, A.C., Christie, A.A., Free sugars in foods (1978) Journal of Human Nutrition, 32, pp. 335-347; 
(1990) SPSS Inc, , SPSS-X Users’ guide, 4th ed., Chicago: SPSS Inc; 
Stockley, L., Changes in habitual food intake during weighed inventory surveys and duplication diet collections. A short review (1985) Ecology of Food and Nutrition, 17, pp. 263-269; 
Tan, S.P., Wenlock, R.W., Buss, D.H., (1985) Immigrant Foods. Second Supplement to McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods, , London: H.M. Stationery Office; 
Thorn, J., Robertson, J., Buss, D.H., Bunton, N.G., Selenium in British foods (1978) British Journal of Nutrition, 39, p. 391; 
Townsend, J., Wilkes, H., Haines, A., Jarvis, M., Adolescent smokers seen in general practice: health, lifestyle, physical measurements, and response to anti-smoking advice (1991) British Medical Journal, 303, pp. 947-950; 
Wenlock, R.W., Buss, D.H., Moxon, R.E., Bunton, N.G., (1982) British Journal of Nutrition, 47, p. 381; 
Wiles, S.J., Nettleton, P.A., Black, A.E., Paul, A.A., The nutrient composition of some cooked dishes eaten in Britain: a supplementary food composition table (1980) Journal of Human Nutrition, 34, pp. 189-223; 
Wills, R.B.H., Greenfield, H., Composition of Australian foods. 17. Snack foods (1982) Food Technology Australia, 34, pp. 452-455
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027228419&doi=10.1079%2fBJN19930101&partnerID=40&md5=260afd0b2d253aa496a17126e1dc12d3
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Outcome of childhood status epilepticus and lengthy febrile convulsions: Finding of national cohort study
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - BR. MED. J.
VL  - 307
IS  - 6898
SP  - 225
EP  - 228
PY  - 1993
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Verity, C.M.
AU  - Ross, E.M.
AU  - Golding, J.
AD  - Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective - To study outcome after lengthy febrile convulsions and status epilepticus in children. Design - Population based birth cohort study. Setting - The child health and education study (16,004 neonatal survivors born in one week in April 1970). Subjects - Information available for 14,676 children. Outcome measures - Clinical information and tests of intellectual performance at five and 10 years after birth. Results - 19 children had lengthy febrile convulsions and 18 had status epilepticus. Two children with status epilepticus died (one at 5 years old); neither death was directly due to the status epilepticus. Four of the 19 (21%) developed afebrile seizures after lengthy febrile convulsions compared with 14 of the 17 (82%) survivors after status epilepticus. Measures of intellectual performance were available for 33 of the 35 survivors: 23 were normal and 10 were not normal but eight of them had preceding developmental delay or neurological abnormality. Conclusion - The outcome in children after lengthy febrile convulsions and status epilepticus is better than reported from studies of selected groups and seems determined more by the underlying cause than by the seizures themselves.
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - controlled study
KW  - epileptic state
KW  - febrile convulsion
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - intellect
KW  - intelligence
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - measurement
KW  - priority journal
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant
KW  - Intelligence
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Recurrence
KW  - Seizures, Febrile
KW  - Status Epilepticus
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :124
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 8369681
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Verity, C.M.; Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027284378&partnerID=40&md5=527e62f469c8ee7a5e926e6edb0ca147
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Trends in mortality from malignant cutaneous melanoma in The Netherlands, 1950-1988
T2  - European Journal of Cancer
J2  - Eur. J. Cancer
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
SP  - 107
EP  - 111
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.1016/0959-8049(93)90585-4
SN  - 09598049 (ISSN) 
AU  - Nelemans, P.J.
AU  - Kiemeney, L.A.L.M.
AU  - Rampen, F.H.J.
AU  - Straatman, H.
AU  - Verbeek, A.L.M.
AD  - Department of Medical Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Nijmegen, Verlengde Groenestraat 75, 6525 EJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
AD  - Department of Dermatology, Saint Anna Hospital, Oss, Netherlands
AB  - This paper presents an analysis of trends in mortality from malignant melanoma of the skin in The Netherlands, 1950-1988. Statistical analyses show that time period effects are needed to describe the mortality trends in The Netherlands. Because this contrasts with reports from other countries, in which the trends were ascribed to a cohort effect only, log-linear models including the three factors age, time period and birth cohort, were fitted to the data. To be able to separate time period effects from birth cohort effects we assumed a mathematical function for the mortality rates in relation to age. The results obtained in this way indicate that time period effects increased up to 1970. An increase of birth cohort effects is seen for cohorts born between 1900 and 1955. For cohorts born after 1955 the mortality from melanoma seems to decrease. The most plausible explanation for the time period effect probably is improvement in death certification. © 1992.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cancer registry
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - melanoma
KW  - netherlands
KW  - priority journal
KW  - skin cancer
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Melanoma
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Skin Neoplasms
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :14
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EJCAE
C2  - 1445725
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Nelemans, P.J.; Department of Medical Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Nijmegen, Verlengde Groenestraat 75, 6525 EJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
N1  - References: Lee, Trend with time of the incidence of malignant melanoma of skin in white populations (1988) Melanoma and Naevi. Incidence, Interrelationships and Implications. Pigment Cell, 9, pp. 1-7. , 2nd edition, JM Elwood, Karger, Basel; 
Muir, Nectoux, Time trends: malignant melanoma of skin (1982) Trends in Cancer Incidence, pp. 365-385. , K Magnus, 2nd edition, Causes and practical implications, Hemisphere Publishing, Washington; 
Lee, Petersen, Stevens, Vesanen, The influence of age, year of birth, and date on mortality from malignant melanoma in the populations of England and Wales, Canada and the white population of the United States (1988) Am J Epidemiol, 110, pp. 734-739; 
Muir, Waterhouse, Mack, Powell, Whelan, Cancer incidence in five continents (1987) IARC Scientific Publications No. 88, , 2nd edition, Vol. 5, Lyon; 
Jensen, Estève, Møller, Renard, Cancer in the European Community and its member states (1990) Eur J Cancer, 26, pp. 1167-1256; 
Central Bureau of Statistics, (1988) Overledenen naar doodsoorzaak leeftijd en geslacht in het jaar 1950, 1951, …; 
Central Bureau of Statistics, (1988) Bevolkingsaantallen naar leeftijd en geslacht in het jaar 1950, 1951, …; 
Nelder, Wedderburn, Generalised linear models (1972) JR Stat Soc, 135, pp. 370-384; 
Clayton, Schifflers, Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. I: Age-period and age-cohort models (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 449-467; 
Clayton, Schifflers, Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. II: The age-period-cohort model (1987) Stat Med, 6, pp. 469-481; 
Lee, Carter, Secular trends in mortality from malignant melanoma (1970) J Natl Cancer Inst, 45, pp. 91-97; 
Venzon, Moolgavkar, Cohort analysis of malignant melanoma in five countries (1984) Am J Epidemiol, 119, pp. 62-70; 
Holman, James, Gatey, Armstrong, Analysis of trends in mortality from malignant melanoma of the skin in Australia (1980) Int J Cancer, 26, pp. 703-709; 
Boyle, Day, Magnus, Mathematical modelling of malignant melanoma trends in Norway, 1953–1978 (1983) Am J Epidemiology, 118, pp. 887-896; 
Scotto, Pitcher, Lee, Indications of future decreasing trends in skin-melanoma mortality among whites in the United States (1991) In J Cancer, 49, pp. 490-497; 
Roush, Schymura, Holford, Patterns of invasive melanoma in the Connecticut Tumor Registry. Is the long-term increase real? (1988) Cancer, 61, pp. 2586-2595; 
Gordon, Lowry, Incidence and aetiology of melanoma (1985) Lancet, 1, p. 583; 
Philipp, Hastings, Briggs, Sizer, Are malignant melanoma time trends explained by changes in histopathological criteria for classifying pigmented skin lesions? (1987) Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 42, pp. 14-16; 
van der Esch, Muir, Nectoux, Temporal change in diagnostic criteria as a cause of the increase of malignant melanoma over time is unlikely (1991) Int J Cancer, 47, pp. 483-490; 
Doll, The age distribution of cancer: implications for models of carcinogenesis (1971) JR Stat Soc, 134, pp. 133-166
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027511107&doi=10.1016%2f0959-8049%2893%2990585-4&partnerID=40&md5=38bb0bb07d87bb7ffe9d9da7eca30fe8
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Treatment of congenital elevation of the scapula: 10 (2-18) year follow-up of 37 cases of sprengel's deformity
T2  - Acta Orthopaedica
J2  - Acta Orthop.
VL  - 64
IS  - 3
SP  - 365
EP  - 368
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.3109/17453679308993646
SN  - 17453674 (ISSN) 
AU  - Greitemann, B.
AU  - Rondhuis, J.-J.
AU  - Karbowski, A.
AD  - Klinik für Techn. Orthopädie u. Rehabilitation, Klinik für Allgemeine Orthopädie, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Robert Koch Strasse 30, D-4400, Münster, Germany
AB  - We studied retrospectively and partially prospectively all 37 cases of Sprengel's disease who were treated between 1970 and 1990, 23 of whom were operated on. Many of the patients were severely handicapped by abnormal shoulder abduction and elevation. Neurological deficits were not found. 34 of our cases had other congenital malformations. Several operative techniques were used. In cases with only cosmetic problems we now prefer resection of part of the superior angle. In cases with impaired function we prefer the Woodward-procedure. © 1993 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - clinical article
KW  - congenital malformation
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - joint mobility
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - retrospective study
KW  - scapula
KW  - shoulder
KW  - surgical technique
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Keloid
KW  - Postoperative Complications
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Scapula
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :15
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 8322601
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Greitemann, B.; Klinik für Techn. Orthopädie u. Rehabilitation, Klinik für Allgemeine Orthopädie, Westfälische Wilhelms Universität, Robert Koch Strasse 30, D-4400, Münster, Germany
N1  - References: Cavendish, M.E., Congenital elevation of the scapula (1972) J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 54 (3), pp. 395-408; 
Green, W.T., Sprengel's deformity: congenital elevation of the scapula (1972) Amer J Orthop Surg, Instruct Course XXI, 11, pp. 55-72; 
Jeannopoulos, C.L., Observations on congenital elevation of the scapula (1961) Clin Orthop, 20, pp. 132-138; 
König, F., Operationsverfahren bei angeborenem Schulterblat-thochstand (1913) Zbl Chir, 40, pp. 1186-1187; 
Laumann, U., Cire, B., Der angeborene Schulterblatthochstand (1985) Z Orthop, 123 (3), pp. 380-387; 
Putti, V., Beitrag zur Ätiologie, Pathogenese und Behandlung des angeborenen Hochstandes des Schulterblattes (1908) Fortschr Röntgenstr, 12, pp. 328-349; 
Robinson, R.A., The surgical importance of the clavicular component of Sprengel's deformity (1926) J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 49, p. 1481; 
Wilkinson, J.A., Campbell, D., Scapular osteotomy for Sprengel's shoulder (1980) J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 62 (4), pp. 486-490; 
Woodward, J.W., Congenital elevation of the scapula (1961) J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 43, pp. 219-228
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027273068&doi=10.3109%2f17453679308993646&partnerID=40&md5=8dddf904d898146793ff0a5d341820e4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Are Viral Warts Seen More Commonly in Children With Eczema?
T2  - Archives of Dermatology
J2  - Arch. Dermatol.
VL  - 129
IS  - 6
SP  - 717
EP  - 720
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.1001/archderm.1993.01680270055006
SN  - 0003987X (ISSN) 
AU  - Williams, H.
AU  - Pottier, A.
AU  - Strachan, D.
AD  - St John's Institute of Dermatology, St ' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Public Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, United States
AB  - Background and Design.—We sought to test the hypothesis that warts are seen more commonly in individuals with eczema by analyzing skin examination data from a national birth cohort study of 9263 British children born between March 3 and 9, 1958. Results.—Warts were seen less frequently in those with visible eczema at ages 11 and 16 years (relative risk, 0.60; 95% confidence intervals, 0.37 to 0.95; P=.03). This inverse association persisted after adjustment for potential confounders and was consistent within each age and sex group for children with a history of eczema who did not have visible eczema at the time of examination and for children with asthma/wheezy bronchitis regardless of eczema status. Visible acne or psoriasis was not associated with a decreased prevalence of warts. Conclusions.—These findings contradict previous suggestions of an increased risk of viral warts in atopic eczema and raise new questions regarding the role of cell-mediated immunity in atopic subjects. © 1993 American Medical Association All rights reserved.
KW  - acne
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - atopy
KW  - cellular immunity
KW  - child
KW  - disease association
KW  - eczema
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - physical examination
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - psoriasis
KW  - skin examination
KW  - verruca vulgaris
KW  - Acne Vulgaris
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Child
KW  - Dermatitis, Atopic
KW  - Human
KW  - Psoriasis
KW  - Respiratory Hypersensitivity
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Virus Diseases
KW  - Warts
N1  - Cited By :25
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 8507073
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Williams, H.; St John's Institute of Dermatology, St ' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London, SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Baker, H., (1989) Clinical Dermatology, p. 91. , 4th ed. London, England: Ballière; :; 
du Vivier, A., (1990) Dermatology in Practice, p. 29. , London, England: Gower Medical; :; 
Mackie, R.M., (1991) Clinical Dermatology, p. 96. , 3rd ed. Oxford, England: Oxford Medical Publishers; :; 
Highet, A.S., Viral warts (1988) Semin Dermatol, 7, pp. 53-57; 
Jablonska, S., Wart viruses: human papilloma-viruses (1984) Semin Dermatol, 3, pp. 120-129; 
Champion, R.H., Parish, W.E., Atopic dermatitis (1992) Textbook of Dermatology, p. 605. , Champion RH, Burton JL, Ebling FJG, eds., 5th ed. Boston, Mass: Blackwell Scientific Publications Inc; :; 
Robinson, T.W.E., Heath, B., (1983) Virus Diseases and the Skin, p. 150. , New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone Inc; :; 
Bunney, M.H., (1982) Viral Warts, p. 11. , New York, NY: Oxford University Press; :; 
Champion, R.H., Parish, W.E., Atopic dermatitis (1986) Textbook of Dermatology, 1, p. 428. , Rook A, Wilkinson DS, Ebling FJG, eds., 4th ed. Boston, Mass: Blackwell Scientific Publications Inc;; 
Leung, D.Y.M., Rhodes, A.R., Geha, R.S., Enumeration of T cell subsets in atopic dermatitis using monoclonal antibodies (1981) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 67, pp. 450-455; 
Kragbelle, K., Antibody-dependent monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in severe atopic dermatitis (1979) Allergy, 34, pp. 35-41; 
Jensen, J.R., Sand, T.T., Jörgensen, A.S., Thestrup-Pedersen, K., Modulation of natural killer cell activity in patients with atopic dermatitis (1984) J Invest Dermatol, 82, pp. 30-34; 
Rystedt, I., Stranegård, I.L., Stranegård, O., Recurrent viral infections in patients with past or present atopic dermatitis (1986) Br J Dermatol, 114, pp. 575-582; 
Currie, J.M., Wright, R.C., Miller, O.G., The frequency of warts in atopic patients (1971) Cutis, 8, pp. 243-245; 
Larsson, P.A., Lidén, S., Prevalence of skin diseases among adolescents 12-16 years of age (1980) Acta Derm Venereol, 60, pp. 415-423; 
Vieluf, D., Ruzicka, T., Complications and diseases associated with atopic eczema (1991) Handbook of Atopic Dermatitis, p. 62. , Ruzicka T, Ring J Pryzbilla B, eds., New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co Inc; :; 
Shepherd, P.M., (1985) The National Child Development Study: An Introduction to the Origins of the Study and the Methods of Data Collection, , London, England; NCDS User Support Group, City University;; 
Golding, J., Peters, T.J., The epidemiology of childhood eczema, I: a population based study of associations (1987) Pediat Perinat Epidemiol, 1, pp. 67-79; 
Atkins, E., Cherry, N.M., Douglas, J.W.B., Kiernan, K.E., Wadsworth, M.E.J., The 1946 British birth survey: an account of the origins, progress and results of the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) An Empirical Basis for Primary Prevention: Prospective Longitudinal Research in Europe, pp. 25-30. , Mednick SA, Baert AE, eds., New York, NY: Oxford University Press; :; 
Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven: The Second Report of the National Child Development Study (1958 Cohort), pp. 79-80. , New York, NY: Longman Inc; :; 
(1988) Epidemiological Graphics, Estimation, and Testing Package, , Seattle, Wash: Statistics and Epidemiology Research Corp;; 
Fritz, K.A., Norris, D.A., Morris, R.L., ADCC effector function in patients with atopic dermatitis (1980) J Am Acad Dermatol, 3, pp. 167-173; 
Stranegård, O., Stranegård, I.L., T lymphocyte numbers and function in human IgE-mediated allergy (1978) Immunol Rev, 41, pp. 149-170; 
Uehara, M., Sawai, T., A longitudinal study of contact sensitivity in patients with atopic dermatitis (1989) Arch Dermatol, 125, pp. 366-368; 
Skurkowich, S.V., Eremkina, E.I., The probable role of interferon in allergy (1975) Ann Allergy, 35, pp. 356-360; 
Bonifazi, E., Garofalo, L., Pisani, V., Meneghini, C.L., Role of some infectious agents in atopic dermatitis (1985) Acta Derm Venereol Suppl, 114, pp. 98-100; 
Gianetti, A., Viral skin diseases in atopic dermatitis (1987) Pediatric Dermatology, pp. 110-113. , Happle R, Grosshans E. eds., New York, NY: Springer-Verlag NY Inc; :; 
Van der Werf, E., Lent, T., Een onderzoek naar het vóókomen en het verloop van wratten bij schoolkindren (1959) Ned Tijdschr Geneesk, 103, pp. 1204-1208; 
East Anglian Branch of the Society of Medical Officers of Health, The incidence of warts and plantar warts amongst children in East Anglia (1955) Med Off, 94, pp. 55-59; 
Keefe, M., Dick, D.C., Dermatologists should not be concerned in routine treatment of warts (1988) BMJ, 296, pp. 177-179; 
Highet, A.S., Kurtz, J., Viral Infections (1992) Textbook of Dermatology, p. 898. , Champion RH, Burton JL, Ebling FJG, eds., 5th ed. Boston, Mass: Blackwell Scientific Inc; :; 
Husain, M.H., Somerville, R.G., Presence of herpes-simplex virus on eczematous skin (1964) Lancet, 2, p. 391; 
Hanifin, J.M., Homburger, H.A., Staphylococcal colonization, infection and atopic dermatitis: association not etiology (1986) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 78, pp. 563-566; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027178421&doi=10.1001%2farchderm.1993.01680270055006&partnerID=40&md5=2111d6f883bba3bc562603cdccd7dc8e
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A long-term follow-up of surgically treated vesicoureteric reflux in girls
T2  - Journal of Pediatric Surgery
J2  - J. Pediatr. Surg.
VL  - 28
IS  - 8
SP  - 1034
EP  - 1036
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.1016/0022-3468(93)90512-J
SN  - 00223468 (ISSN) 
AU  - Cooper, A.
AU  - Atwell, J.
AD  - Wessex Regional Centre for Paediatric Surgery, The Southampton General Hospital, England. Tremona Road Southampton, Southampton, S09 4XY, United Kingdom
AB  - Ninety-six girls with surgically treated vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) operated on between 1970 and 1975 were studied to determine their post mature growth (height and weight); the incidence of hypertension; the incidence, progression, and development of new renal scars; the incidence of urinary infection; and the outcome of any pregnancies. The average age at follow-up was 20 years 2 months (range, 16 years to 25 years). The final "post mature" height was significantly greater than that of a group of controls from all regions of Great Britain; the incidence of hypertension was 4.5% and the incidence of urinary infections was 37.6%. The majority of subsequent pregnancies were uneventful but urinary infections occurred in 36.4% and 3 of the 20 infants born had VUR. © 1993.
KW  - Vesicoureteric reflux
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - body height
KW  - body weight
KW  - conference paper
KW  - disease association
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - growth rate
KW  - human
KW  - hypertension
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - priority journal
KW  - ureter surgery
KW  - urinary tract infection
KW  - vesicoureteral reflux
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Body Weight
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Hypertension, Renal
KW  - Postoperative Complications
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy Complications
KW  - Urinary Tract Infections
KW  - Vesico-Ureteral Reflux
N1  - Cited By :23
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JPDSA
C2  - 8229592
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Atwell, J.; Wessex Regional Centre for Paediatric Surgery, The Southampton General Hospital, England. Tremona Road Southampton, Southampton, S09 4XY, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Duckett, Bellinger, Cystographic grading primary reflux as an indicator of treatment (1984) Management of Vesicoureteric Reflux, 10. , JH Johnston, International Perspectives in Urology, William & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD; 
Tanner, Foetus into Man (1978) Physical Growth From Conception to Maturity, p. 62. , Fletcher & Son Ltd; 
Tanner, Foetus into Man (1978) Physical Growth From Conception to Maturity, pp. 197-199; 
Kilcoyne, Richter, Alsup, Adolescent hypertension 1. Detection and prevalence (1974) Circulation, 50, pp. 758-764; 
Loggie, Hypertension in children and adolescents 1. Causes and diagnostic studies (1969) J Pediatr, 74, pp. 331-355; 
Wallace, Rothwell, Williams, The long term follow up of surgically treated vesicoureteric reflux (1978) Br J Urol, 50, pp. 479-484; 
Edwards, Normand, Prescod, Disappearance of vesicoureteric reflux during long term prophylaxis of urinary tract infection in children (1977) Br Med J, 2, pp. 285-288; 
Rolleston, Shannon, Uttley, Relationship of infantile vesicoureteric reflux to renal damage (1970) Br Med J, 1, pp. 460-463; 
Filly, Friedland, Govan, Development and progression of clubbing and scarring in children with recurrent urinary infection (1974) Radiology, 113, pp. 145-153; 
Elo, Tallgren, Alftman, Character of urinary tract infections and pyelonephritic scarring after antireflux surgery (1983) J Urol, 129, pp. 343-346; 
Willscher, Baver, Zammunto, Renal growth and urinary infection following antireflux surgery in infants and children (1976) J Urol, 115, pp. 722-725; 
Lenaghan, Whitaker, Jensen, The natural history of reflux and long term effects of reflux on the kidney (1976) J Urol, 115, pp. 728-730; 
Najmaldin, Burge, Atwell, Antenatally diagnosed urological abnormalities: Where do we stand? (1990) Pediatr Surg Int, 5, pp. 195-197; 
Najmaldin, Burge, Atwell, Fetal vesicoureteric reflux (1990) Br J Urol, 65, pp. 403-406
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The time trend and age—period—cohort effects on incidence of adenocarcinoma of the stomach in connecticut from 1955–1989
T2  - Cancer
J2  - Cancer
VL  - 72
IS  - 2
SP  - 330
EP  - 340
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.1002/1097-0142(19930715)72:2<330::AID-CNCR2820720205>3.0.CO;2-L
SN  - 0008543X (ISSN) 
AU  - Zheng, T.
AU  - Mayne, S.T.
AU  - Holford, T.R.
AU  - Boyle, P.
AU  - Liu, W.
AU  - Chen, Y.
AU  - Mador, M.
AU  - Flannery, J.
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
AD  - Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
AD  - Connecticut Tumor Registry, Hartford, Connecticut, United States
AB  - Background. Adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia has been be increasing in Connecticut, and the risk factors responsible for the increasing incidence are unknown. This study examined the incidence pattern of adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia and distal stomach in Connecticut during the past decades and identified components of birth cohort, period, and age as determinants of the observed time trends by regression modeling. Methods. This study was based on all histologically confirmed incident cases of gastric adenocarcinoma reported to the Connecticut Tumor Registry between 1955 and 1989. Stomach cancers were grouped into cancers of the gastric cardia, distal stomach, or unknown/unspecified subsite. Age‐adjusted incidence rates were calculated by the direct method standardized to the 1970 United States population. A regression model was used to identify birth cohort, period, and age as determinants of the observed time trends. Results. The results indicated that the incidence rate of adenocarcinoma of the cardia is increasing, particularly in white males, whereas adenocarcinoma of the distal stomach is now decreasing in both sexes in Connecticut. Regression modeling suggests that the increase of adenocarcinoma of the cardia may be explained partly by a birth cohort phenomenon. Conclusion. There is little information regarding the risk factors that might be responsible for the observed increasing trend for adenocarcinoma of the cardia, although smoking, alcohol intake, retinol intake, and hiatal hernia have been associated with an increased risk of adenocarcinoma of the cardia or gastric cancer. Considering the different epidemiologic features of adenocarcinoma of the cardia and distal stomach, future analytic studies should separate cancer of the gastric cardia and cancer of the distal stomach in searching for etiologic factors. Copyright © 1993 American Cancer Society
KW  - adenocarcinoma
KW  - Connecticut
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - etiology
KW  - stomach
KW  - retinol
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - alcohol consumption
KW  - article
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cardia
KW  - caucasian
KW  - female
KW  - hiatus hernia
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk factor
KW  - smoking
KW  - stomach adenocarcinoma
KW  - united states
KW  - Adenocarcinoma
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Alcohol Drinking
KW  - Cardia
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Connecticut
KW  - Diet
KW  - Female
KW  - Helicobacter Infections
KW  - Hernia, Hiatal
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Stomach Neoplasms
KW  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Vitamin A
N1  - Cited By :68
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 8319166
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Zheng, T.; Cancer Prevention Research Unit for Connecticut at Yale, 26 High Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, United States
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: retinol, 68-26-8, 82445-97-4; Vitamin A, 11103-57-4
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Bacterial resistance monitoring of Salmonellas isolated from animals, national experience of surveillance schemes in the United Kingdom
T2  - Veterinary Microbiology
J2  - Vet. Microbiol.
VL  - 35
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 313
EP  - 319
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.1016/0378-1135(93)90156-2
SN  - 03781135 (ISSN) 
AU  - Wray, C.
AU  - McLaren, I.M.
AU  - Beedell, Y.E.
AD  - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Central Veterinary Laboratory, New Haw, Addlestone, United Kingdom
AB  - Antimicrobial resistance has been monitored in salmonellas isolated from animals in England and Wales since 1970. The current trends are indicated by comparing the results for the years 1981, 1989 and 1990. Seventy-six per cent of all salmonella isolations are still sensitive to all 16 antimicrobials used for testing. Most antimicrobial resistance is encountered in bovine isolations of Salmonella typhimurium especially phage type DT204C. This phage type, which was initially resistant to at least seven antimicrobials, has however become more susceptible in recent years. Ninety-eight per cent of S. dublin strains from cattle are still sensitive to all the antimicrobials used for testing. Although the number of porcine salmonella isolations is small, many show antimicrobial resistance especially to tetracyclines. A large increase in the number of salmonellas isolated from poultry has occurred in recent years and 75% of these strains are sensitive to all the antibiotics used for testing. Although there has been a slight decrease in the percentage of S. enteritidis strains showing susceptibility 87% of isolations are still sensitive. The emergence of resistance to the newer antimicrobials trimethoprim, apramycin and fluorquinolones has been studied and data presented. The results are discussed with regards to the choice of techniques, bacteria monitored and future surveillance programmes in relation to the veterinary use of antimicrobials. © 1993.
KW  - ampicillin
KW  - antibiotic agent
KW  - apramycin
KW  - chloramphenicol
KW  - furazolidone
KW  - nalidixic acid
KW  - neomycin
KW  - quinoline derived antiinfective agent
KW  - streptomycin
KW  - sulfonamide
KW  - tetracycline
KW  - trimethoprim
KW  - antibiotic resistance
KW  - conference paper
KW  - health care policy
KW  - human
KW  - infection control
KW  - nonhuman
KW  - salmonella
KW  - salmonellosis
KW  - Animal
KW  - Animals, Domestic
KW  - Anti-Infective Agents
KW  - Cattle
KW  - Drug Resistance, Microbial
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Salmonella
KW  - Salmonella Infections, Animal
N1  - Cited By :26
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: VMICD
C2  - 8212515
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Wray, C.; Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Central Veterinary Laboratory, New Haw, Addlestone, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: ampicillin, 69-52-3, 69-53-4, 7177-48-2, 74083-13-9, 94586-58-0; apramycin, 37321-09-8; chloramphenicol, 134-90-7, 2787-09-9, 56-75-7; furazolidone, 67-45-8; nalidixic acid, 389-08-2; neomycin, 11004-65-2, 1404-04-2, 1405-10-3, 8026-22-0; streptomycin, 57-92-1; tetracycline, 23843-90-5, 60-54-8, 64-75-5; trimethoprim, 738-70-5; Anti-Infective Agents
N1  - References: Anderson, Datta, Resistance to penicillins and its transfer in enterobacteriaceae (1965) Lancet, 1, pp. 407-409; 
Blackburn, Schlater, Swanson, Antibiotic resistance of members of the genus Salmonella isolated from chickens, turkeys, cattle and swine in the United States Oct. 1981–Sept. 1982 (1984) Am. J. Vet. Res., 45, pp. 1245-1249; 
Helmuth, Seiler, Epidemiology and chromosomal location of genes encoding multiresistance in Salmonella dublin (1986) J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 18, pp. 179-181; 
Piddock, Wray, Mclaren, Wise, Quinolone resistance in Salmonella spp.: veterinary pointers (1990) Lancet, 2, p. 125; 
Rampling, Upson, Brown, Nitrofurantoin resistance in isolates of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 from poultry and humans (1990) J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 25, pp. 285-290; 
Report, (1969) Joint committee on the use of antibiotics in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, , HMSO, London; 
Richards, Datta, Sojka, Wray, Trimethoprim-resistance plasmids and transposons in Salmonella (1979) Lancet, 2, pp. 1194-1195; 
Smith, (1962) Antibiotics in Agriculture, , M. Woodbine, Butterworth, London; 
Sojka, Slavin, Brand, Davies, A survey of drug resistance in salmonellae isolated from animals in England and Wales (1972) Br. Vet. J., 128, pp. 189-196; 
Sojka, Wray, Hudson, A survey of drug resistance in salmonellae isolated from animals in England and Wales during 1973 and 1974 (1977) Br. Vet. J., 133, pp. 292-311; 
Sojka, Wray, A survey of drug resistance in salmonellae isolated from animals in England and Wales from 1975 to 1978 (1980) Br. Vet. J., 136, pp. 463-477; 
WHO, Guidelines for the surveillance and control of antimicrobial resistance (WHO/Zoonoses/90.167) (1990) Guidelines for the surveillance and control of antimicrobial resistance (WHO/Zoonoses/90.167); 
Wray, Some aspects of the occurrence of resistant bacteria in the normal animal flora (1986) J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 18, pp. 141-147; 
Wray, Hedges, Shannon, Bradley, Apramycin and Gentamicin resistance in Escherichia coli and salmonellas isolated from farm animals (1986) J. Hyg., Camb., 97, pp. 445-456; 
Wray, Beedell, McLaren, A survey of antimicrobial resistance in salmonellae isolated from animals in England and Wales during 1984 to 1987 (1991) Br. Vet. J., 147, pp. 356-369
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Incidence and survival rate in cases of biopsy-proven temporal arteritis
T2  - Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology
J2  - Scand. J. Rheumatol.
VL  - 22
IS  - 6
SP  - 289
EP  - 291
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.3109/03009749309095141
SN  - 03009742 (ISSN) 
AU  - Rajala, S.A.
AU  - Ahvenainen, J.E.
AU  - Mattila, K.J.
AU  - Saarni, M.I.
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Hatanpäadie; Hospital, SF-33100, Tampere, Finland
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, SF-33520, Tampere, Finland
AD  - Department of Public Health, University of Tampere, SF-33500, Tampere, Finland
AB  - In the population of the city of Tampere. Finland, 66 patients with histologically verified temporal arteritis were identified during the 20-year period from 1969 to 89. The cases were followed up to March 31st in 1901. The annual age- and sex-adjusted incidence of temporal arteritis per 100000 population aged 50 or older was 4.5 in 1970-79 and 9.2 in 1980-89. The patients showed excess mortality although this was not statistically significant. After excluding hypertensive disease, angina pectoris and congestive heart disease the survival of the remaining subgroup did not differ from the control population. © 1993 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Aged
KW  - Survival analysis
KW  - Temporal arteritis
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - clinical article
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - morbidity
KW  - priority journal
KW  - survival
KW  - temporal arteritis
KW  - Aged
KW  - Biopsy
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Survival Analysis
KW  - Temporal Arteritis
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :22
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SJRHA
C2  - 8266030
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Rajala, S.A.; Department of Internal Medicine, Hatanpäadie; Hospital, SF-33100, Tampere, Finland
N1  - References: Friedman, G., Friedman, B., Benbassat, J., Epidemiology of temporal arteritis in Israel (1982) Isr J Mcd Sc, 18, pp. 241-244; 
Smith, C., Fidler, W., Pinals, R., The epidemiology of giant cell arteritis (1983) Arthritis Rheum, 26, pp. 1214-1219; 
Jonasson, F., Cullen, J.F., Elton, R.A., Temporal arteritis. A 14-year epidemiological. clinical and prognostic study (1979) Scott Med J, 24, pp. 111-117; 
Barrier, J., Pion, R., Massari, R., Pelticr, P., Rojouan, J., Grolleau, J.Y., Approche epidemiologique de la maladie de Horton dans le department de Loire-Atlantique, 110 cas en 10 ans (1970–1979) (1982) Rev de Med Int, 3, p. 13; 
Huston, K.A., Hunder, G.G., Lie, J.T., Kennedy, R.H., Elveback, L.R., Temporal Arteritis. A 25-Ycar Epidemiologic, Clinical and Pathologic Study (1978) Annals Int Med, 88, pp. 162-167; 
Bengtsson, B.A., Malmvall, B.E., Prognosis of giant cell arteritis including temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica (1981) Acta Med Scand, 209, pp. 337-345; 
Sorensen, P., Lorenzen, I., Giant cell arteritis, temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica (1977) Acta Med Scad, 201, pp. 207-213; 
Machado, E.B.V., Michet, C.J., Ballad, D.J., Hundcr, G.G., Beard, C.M., Chu, C.P., Trends in incidence and clinical presentation of temporal arteritis in Olmsted county. Minnesota, 1950–1985 (1988) Arthritis Rheum, 31, pp. 745-749; 
Salvarani, C., Macchioni, P., Zizzi, F., Mantovani, W., Rossi, F., Castri, C., Epidemiologic and immunogenetic aspects of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis in northern Italy (1991) Arthritis Rheum, 34, pp. 351-356; 
Ahvenainen, J., Polymyalgia arteritica (1988) Acta Univcersitatis Tamperensis ser A, 256. , Dissertation (English summary); 
Hauser, W.A., Ferguson, R.H., Holley, K.E., Kurland, L.T., Temporal arteritis in Rochester, Minnesota. 1951 to 1967 Mayo Clin Proc Sept, 46, pp. 597-602. , 1971; 
Godeau, P., Aubert, L., Guillevin, L., Aspect clinique, evolution et prognostic de la maladie de Horton (1982) Ann Med Interne (Paris), 133 (6), pp. 393-400; 
Anderson, R., Malmvall, B.E., Bengtsson, B.A., Long-term Survival in Giant Cell Arteritis Including Temporal Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica (1986) Acta Med Scand, 220, pp. 361-364; 
Graham, E., Holland, A., Avery, A., Russel, R.W.R., Prognosis in giant cell arteritis (1981) Br Med J, 282, pp. 269-271; 
Nordborg, E., Bengtsson, B.A., Death rates and causes of death in 284 consecutive patients with giant cell arteritis confirmed by biopsy (1989) Br Med J, 299, pp. 549-550; 
Bisgård, C., Sloth, H., Keiding, N., Juel, K., Excess mortality in giant cell arteritis (1991) J Intern Med, 230, pp. 119-123; 
Hakulinen, T., Cancer survival corrected for heterogcneity in patient withdrawal (1982) Biamctrics, 38, p. 93342; 
Hakulinen, T., Abeywickrama, K.H., A computer program package for relative survival analysis (1985) Comput Programs Biomed, 19, pp. 197-207
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Yttrium90 pituitary ablation in diabetic retinopathy: A long-term review
T2  - Neuro-Ophthalmology
J2  - Neuro-Ophthalmology
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
SP  - 51
EP  - 57
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.3109/01658109309037003
SN  - 01658107 (ISSN) 
AU  - Butt, Z.
AU  - Mutlukan, E.
AU  - Cullen, J.F.
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Royal Infirmary, Chalmers Street, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA, Scotland, United Kingdom
AB  - . Altogether seven patients had pituitary ablation by yttrium90 performed by neurosurgeons in the 1960's-early 1970's for proliferative diabetic retinopathy with imminent danger of blindness. The authors present a long-term review (16 years-25 years) of the beneficial effects this operation has had on their retinopathy and to some extent, on nephropathy. Six of their patients still have documented evidence of inactive retinopathy. All except one are still alive and leading active lives. © 1993 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Neovascularization
KW  - Pituitary ablation
KW  - Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
KW  - yttrium 90
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - clinical article
KW  - diabetes mellitus
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - hypophysectomy
KW  - male
KW  - proliferative retinopathy
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: NRPHD
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Butt, Z.; Department of Ophthalmology, Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, Royal Infirmary, Chalmers Street, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA, Scotland, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: yttrium 90, 10098-91-6
N1  - References: Joplin, G.F., Hill, D.W., Scott, D.J., Fraser, T.R., Pituitary ablation in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (1962) Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism, pp. 207-212. , D. A. Pyke. (editor). Pitman, London, MA; 
Joplin, G.F., Fraser, T.R., Hill, D.W., Oakley, N.W., Scott, D.J., Doyle, F.H., Pituitary ablation for diabetic retinopathy (1965) Q J Med, 34, pp. 443-465; 
Joplin, G.F., Oakley, N.W., Hill, D.W., Kohner, E.M., Fraser, T.R., Diabetic retinopathy: comparison of disease remission induced by various degrees of pituitary ablation by yttrium90 (1967) Diabetologia, 3, pp. 406-412; 
Oakley, N.W., Hill, D.W., Joplin, G.F., Kohner, E.M., Fraser, T.R., The treatment of diabetic retinopathy by pituitary implantation of radio-active yttrium (1968) Symposium on the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy, pp. 317-329. , M. F. Goldberg, S. L. Fine. (editors). US Government Printing Office, Washington, DCAirlie House, Warrington, VA; 
Kohner, E.M., Dollery, C.T., Fraser, T.R., Bulpitt, C.J., Effect of pituitary ablation on diabetic retinopathy studied by fluorescence angiography (1970) Diabetes, 19, pp. 703-714; 
Panisset, A., Kohner, E.M., Cheng, H., Fraser, T.R., New vessels arising from the optic disc: response to pituitary implantation by yttrium90 implant (1971) Diabetes, 20, pp. 824-833; 
Kohner, E.M., Joplin, G.F., Blach, R.K., Cheng, H., Fraser, T.R., Pituitary ablation in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy: a randomised trial (1972) Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK, 92, pp. 79-90; 
Kohner, E.M., Hamilton, E.M., Joplin, G.F., Fraser, T.R., Florid diabetic retinopathy and its response to treatment by photocoagulation or pituitary ablation (1976) Diabetes, 25, pp. 1054-1070; 
Cullen, J.F., Harris, P., Turner, J.W., Donaldson, A.A., Munro, J.F., Duncan, L.J.P., Pituitary ablation by yttrium90 implantation for advancing diabetic retinopathy (1965) Br J Ophthalmol, 49, pp. 405-412; 
Field, R.A., Present trends of thinking on the effects of artificially induced anterior pituitary insufficiency and of adrenalectomy on diabetic retinopathy (1963) Highlights Ophthalmol, 6, p. 283; 
Sharp, P.S., Fallon, T.J., Brazier, O.J., Sandler, L., Joplin, J.F., Kohner, E.M., Long-term follow up of patients who underwent yttrium90 pituitary implantation for treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (1987) Diabetologia, 30, pp. 199-207; 
Ray, B.S., Pazianos, A.G., Greenberg, E., Peretz, W.L., McLean, J.M., I. Results of hypophysectomy. II. Results of yttrium90 implantation in the pituitary gland (1968) JAMA, 203, pp. 79-87; 
Luft, R., Olivecrona, H., Ikkos, D., Kornerup, T., Ljunggren, H., Hypophysectomy in man (1955) Br Med J, 2, pp. 752-756; 
Ireland, J.T., Patnaik, B.K., Duncan, L.J.P., Effect of pituitary ablation on the renal arteriolar and glomerular lesions in diabetes (1967) Diabetes, 16, pp. 636-642; 
Gordon, E.S., Javid, M., Metabolic studies in hypophysectomy for diabetic vascular disease (1962) Diabetes, 11, pp. 470-472; 
Cullen, J.F., Harris, P., Munro, J.F., Duncan, L.J.P., Pituitary stalk section for advancing diabetic retinopathy (1965) Br J Ophthalmol, 49, pp. 393-404
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Visualization of retinal vasculitis in eales' disease
T2  - Ocular Immunology and Inflammation
J2  - Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm.
VL  - 1
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 41
EP  - 48
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.3109/09273949309086536
SN  - 09273948 (ISSN) 
AU  - Atmaca, L.S.
AU  - Idil, A.
AU  - Gündüz, K.
AD  - Vitreoretinal Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
AB  - Between 1970 and 1991 the authors examined 466 patients with Eales' disease. The mean age at diagnosis was 30, ranging between 14 and 55 years. The mean follow-up period was 43.5 months. At the initial examination, 356 cases were bilateral and 110 cases were unilateral (822 eyes). Vitreous hemorrhage was present in 257 of the 822 eyes. In the remaining 565 eyes, the major retinal lesions were retinal neovascularization (40.7%), vascular sheathing (20.7%), vascular sheathing and retinal hemorrhages (10.6%), retinitis proliferans (9.4%), disc neovascularization (9.0%), branch vein occlusion (3.2%), tractional retinal detachment (2.4%), central vein occlusion (1.8%), central vascular sheathing (1.1%), obliterated vessels (1.1%). Forty-nine out of the 110 initially unilateral cases eventually developed bilateral involvement after a mean period of 42 months. The percentage of eyes with a vision of 0.1 and better rose from 68.1% in the initial examination to 77.9% in the final examination. Fluorescein angiograms of the affected eyes show dye leakage with retinal staining, microaneurysms, capillary non-perfusion and neovascularization. Fundus changes are characteristic of Eales' disease. Unilateral cases should be closely followed because of the risk of involvement of the other eye. Fluorescein angiography is a requirement for early identification of vascular changes and for proper follow-up in Eales' disease. © 1993 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Eales' disease
KW  - Fluorescein angiography
KW  - Retinal vasculitis
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :26
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: OIINE
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Atmaca, L.S.G. M. K. Bulvari 23/2, Ankara, Turkey
N1  - References: Elliot, A.J., Thirty years observation of patients with Eales' disease (1975) Am J Ophthalmol, 80, pp. 404-408; 
Gieser, S.C., Murphy, R.P., Eales' disease (1989) Retina, pp. 535-539. , A. P. Schathat, R. B. Murphy, A. Patz. (editors). The CV Mosby Co, St Louis; 
Elliot, A.J., Periphlebitis retinae (1986) Clinical Ophthalmology, , T. D. Duane. (editor). Harper and Row, PhiladelphiaChapter 16; 
Spitznas, M., Meyer-Schwickerath, G., Stephan, B., The clinical picture of Eales' disease (1975) Von Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 194, pp. 73-85; 
Pahwa, J.M., Garg, M.P., Eales' disease-its clinical course and treatment by photocoagulation-a review of 100 cases (1968) Eye Ear Nose Throat Monthly, 47, p. 174; 
Renie, W.A., Murphy, R.P., Anderson, K.C., Lippman, S.M., McKusick, V.A., Proctor, L.A., The evaluation of patients with Eales' disease (1983) Retina, 3, pp. 243-248; 
(1989) Ophthalmic Lasers, , F. A. L'Esperance. (editor). The CV Mosby Co, St Louis; 
Atmaca, L.S., Fundus changes associated with Behçet's disease (1989) Von Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 227, pp. 340-344; 
Dastur, D.K., Singhal, B.S., Eales' disease with neurological involvement. Part 2. Pathology and pathogenesis (1976) J Neurol Sci, 27 (3), pp. 323-345; 
Kutsal, Y.G., Altioklar, K., Atasu, S., Kutluk, K., Atmaca, L.S., Eales' disease with hemiplegia (1987) Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 89 (4), pp. 283-286
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Work attitudes, knowledge and attributions of private and state school pupils: Evidence from the youthscan study
T2  - British Journal of Education & Work
J2  - British Journal of Education and Work
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
SP  - 41
EP  - 56
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.1080/0269000930060204
SN  - 02690004 (ISSN) 
AU  - Banks, M.H.
AU  - Roker, D.
AD  - MRC/ESRC Social and Applied Psychology Unit, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
AB  - The occupational socialisation of young people is identified as taking place both in work contexts, and previous to work entry in school and family settings. The paper focuses on the role of school experiences in the development of work perceptions, undertaken via a comparison of young people educated in private and state schools. Secondary analyses of the YOUTHSCAN longitudinal data set are reported, comparing data collected at age 16 from private and state educated young people (n = 909) drawn from matched social class backgrounds at birth. Data are reported on work related knowledge and skills, employment attributions and perceptions of job-getting, and characteristics viewed as important in future work. Contrary to expectations, few differences were found between the private and state educated samples. It is suggested that whilst educational and career outcomes may be variable between private and state educated young people, wider aspects of work socialisation may result in more similar outcomes. Methodological issues involved in exploring young people's occupational socialisation are discussed. © 1993, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
N1  - Cited By :1
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - References: Banks, M.H., Beliefs About Economic Success (1988) ESRC 16-19 Initiative Occasional Paper Series No. 2, , London: City University; 
Banks, M.H., Feij, J.A., Parkinson, B., Peiro, J.M., National and occupational differences in work content and environment of job entrants (1992) Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale, 5 (1), pp. 61-79; 
Boyd, D., (1983) Elites and Their Education, , Slough: NFER; 
Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Howlett, B., (1985) From Birth to Five: A Studv of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's Five Year Olds, , Oxford: Pergamon Press; 
(1991) Statistical Bulletin: Independent Schoob in England, , London: HMSO; 
Dickinson, J., The development of conceptions about the antecedents of occupational achievement (1986), Paper presented at the BPS Developmental Section Conference, University of Exeter; Eglin, G., Public Schools and the Choice at 18+ (1984) British Public Schools: Policy and Practice, , G Walford (ed), London: Falmer; 
Emler, N., Dickinson, J., Children's representation of economic inequalities: the effects of social class (1985) British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 3, pp. 191-198; 
Emler, N., Ohana, J., Dickinson, J., Children's Representations of Social Relations (1990) Social Representations and the Development of Knowledge, , G Duveen and B Lloyd (eds); 
Feather, N.T., Causal attributions and beliefs about work and unemployment among adolescents in state and independent secondary schools (1993) Australian Journal of Psychology, 35 (20), pp. 211-232; 
Furnham, A., The perception of poverty amongst adolescents (1982) Journal of Adolescence, 5, pp. 135-147; 
Frese, M., Occupational socialization and psychological development: An underemphasized research perspective in industrial psychology (1982) Journal of Occupational Psychology, 55, pp. 209-224; 
Golding, J., Porter, C., National Cohort Studies: The facts about Britain's children (1982) Health Visitor, 55, pp. 639-643; 
Halsey, A.H., Heath, A.F., Ridge, J.M., The Political Arithmetic of Public Schools (1984) British Public Schools: Policy and Practice, , G Walford (ed), London: Falmer; 
Mackinnon, D., Public schools today (1987) British Journal of Sociology of Education, 8 (3), pp. 349-354; 
(1987) The Meaning of Working, , London: Academic Press; 
Osipow, S., (1983) Theories of Career Development, , (3rd edition). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall; 
Roker, D., The Political Socialisation of Youth: A Comparison of Private and State Educated Girls (1991), Unpublished PhD: University of Sheffield; Roker, D., Educating the Elite: How Girls in Private Schools Gain the ‘Edge (1992) All Thatchers Children: Youth in a Classless Society, , Chapter in I Bates (ed), Milton Keynes: Open University Press; 
Roker, D., Banks, M.H., The Political Socialisation of Youth: The Effects of Educational Experience on Political Attitudes (1991) ESRC 16-19 Initiative Occasional Paper No 42, , Social Statistics Research Unit. London: City University; 
Roker, D., Banks, M.H., Education and careers advice in private and state schools (1992), evidence from a national longitudinal study. Unpublished paper; Super, D., Corning of age in Middleton: careers in the making (1985) American Psychologist, 40, pp. 405-414; 
Tapper, T., Salter, B., Images of Independent Schooling: Exploring the Perceptions of Parents and Politicians (1984) British Public Schools: Policy and Practice, , G Walford (ed), London: Falmer; 
Walford, G., Training the elite: for education, training and jobs (1988) Collected Original Resources in Education, 13, pp. 275-296; 
Walford, G., (1990) Privatization and Privilege in Education, , London: Routledge
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Photocoagulation in eales' disease
T2  - Ocular Immunology and Inflammation
J2  - Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm.
VL  - 1
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 49
EP  - 54
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.3109/09273949309086537
SN  - 09273948 (ISSN) 
AU  - Atmaca, L.S.
AU  - Idil, A.
AU  - Gündüz, K.
AD  - Vitreoretinal Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
AB  - Between 1970 and 1991 the authors examined 466 cases with Eales' disease. 359 eyes of 295 of these 466 cases received photocoagulation treatment. The mean age was 30.4, ranging between 14 and 55 years. Ten eyes with persistent vitreous hemorrhage underwent pars plana vitrectomy before photocoagulation. 210 eyes were treated with xenon arc, 135 with argon laser, 12 with krypton laser and two with yellow dye laser. Hypoxic areas and retinal neovascularizations were closed completely in 298 eyes. In 21 eyes with elevated neovascularizations intruding into the vitreous cavity feeder vessel photocoagulation was used. 24 eyes with disc neovascularization were treated with panretinal photocoagulation. 12 eyes with branch vein occlusion and four eyes with central vein occlusion received photocoagulation treatment to areas of non-perfusion and retinal neovascularization. At a mean follow-up of 43 months, seven new retinal neovascularizations and three new disc neovascularizations developed in eyes which previously had received photocoagulation for retinal neovascularization and hypoxia. Nine out of 21 eyes with elevated neovascularizations developed vitreous hemorrhage. Disc neovascularization resolved completely in 13 out of 24 eyes, it partially regressed in eight eyes and did not respond to treatment in three eyes. The visual acuities were improved in 12.3%, maintained in 77.4% and deteriorated in 10.3% of the eyes after treatment. Periodic follow-up and early photocoagulation treatment is useful in stabilizing the retinal lesions and in maintaining functional levels of vision in Eales' disease. © 1993 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Eales' disease
KW  - Photocoagulation
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :4
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: OIINE
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Atmaca, L.S.G. M. K. Bulvari 23/2, Ankara, Turkey
N1  - References: Meyer-Schwickerath, G., Lichtkoagulation (1959) Bücherei des Augenarztes, No 33. Beiheft Klin Mbl Augenheilk, , Enke, Stuttgart; 
Spitznas, M., Meyer-Schwickerath, G., Stephan, B., Treatment of Eales' disease with photocoagulation (1975) Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 194, pp. 193-198; 
Magargal, L.E., Walsh, A.W., Magargal, H.E., Treatment of Eales' disease with scatter laser photocoagulation (1989) Ann Ophthalmol, 21, pp. 300-302; 
Spitznas, M., Eales' disease (1977) Ophthalmic Lasers, pp. 203-207. , F. A. L'Esperance. (editor). The CV Mosby Co, St Louis; 
Meyer-Schwickerath, G., Eales' disease; treatment with light coagulation (1966) Mod Probl Ophthalmol, 4, p. 10; 
Pahwa, J.M., Garg, M.P., Eales' disease-its clinical course and treatment by photocoagulation-a review of 100 cases (1968) Eye Ear Nose Throat Monthly, 47, p. 174
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Five‐year‐follow‐up of very low birth weight infants: neurological and psychological outcome
T2  - Child: Care, Health and Development
J2  - Child Care Health Dev.
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
SP  - 45
EP  - 59
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1993.tb00712.x
SN  - 03051862 (ISSN) 
AU  - ROUSSOUNIS, S.H.
AU  - HUBLEY, P.A.
AU  - DEAR, P.R.F.
AD  - Regional Child Development Centre, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
AD  - Learning Disabilities Service, Meanwood Park Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
AD  - Neonatal Unit, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
AB  - Summary All surviving infants with birthweight ≤ 1500 g born in 1982 and 1983 at St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, were followed up for 5 years. There were 88 survivors (including 5 in utero transfers) from the original cohort of 126 infants. In their fifth year the following assessments were made; neurological, audiological, intellectual, behavioural, growth and general health. A comparison group of full‐term male infants was also studied with respect to intellectual status, social and emotional behaviour and general health. Principal neurological impairments found were: cerebral palsy 9 (10·2%), hydrocephalus 1 (1·1%), epilepsy 2 (2·3%) and sensorineural deafness 2 (2·3%). One third of the VLBW children required the services of the child development centre. Seventy‐nine of the 88 VLBW children were tested with the WPPSL Seven (8·8%) scored below 70. The VLBW boys had mean IQ scores of 90·6 while the mean for the girls was 100–2. The very low birthweight boys were significantly intellectually impaired compared with their peers. Socially and emotionally they were largely comparable with their full‐term peers. The findings suggest that there has been no increase in severe disability following a policy of active neonatal intensive care. However, the quality of survival of VLBW children born in the 1980s, despite improvements care perinatal care, remains a major concern. Copyright © 1993, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
KW  - cerebral palsy
KW  - deafness
KW  - epilepsy
KW  - neurology
KW  - psychology
KW  - VLBW infants
KW  - article
KW  - cerebral palsy
KW  - developmental disorder
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - gestational age
KW  - growth, development and aging
KW  - human
KW  - intelligence test
KW  - low birth weight
KW  - male
KW  - mother
KW  - newborn
KW  - preschool child
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - social class
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - Cerebral Palsy
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Developmental Disabilities
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Gestational Age
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant, Low Birth Weight
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Intelligence Tests
KW  - Male
KW  - Mothers
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Wechsler Scales
N1  - Cited By :34
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 7678787
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: ROUSSOUNIS, S.H.; Regional Child Development Centre, St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Cooke, R.W.I., Cerebral palsy in very low birthweight infants (1990) Archives of Diseases in Childhood, 65, pp. 201-206; 
Davies, P., More on follow‐up studies of low birthweight infants (1989) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 31, pp. 143-144; 
Drillien, C.M., Thompson, A.J.M., Burgoyne, K., Low birthweight children at early school age: a longitudinal study (1980) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 22, pp. 26-47; 
Dunn, H.G., (1986) Sequelae of Low Birthweight: The Vancouver Study. Clinics in Developmental Medicine No 95/96, , MacKeith Press, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford; 
Keily, J.L., Paneth, N., Stein, Z., Susser, M., Cerebral palsy and newborn care, 2: mortality and neurological impairment in low birth infants (1981) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 23, pp. 650-659; 
The fate of the baby under 1501 grams at birth (1980) Lancet, 1, pp. 461-463; 
Lloyd, B.W., Wheldall, K., Perks, D., Controlled study of intelligence and school performance of very low‐birthweight children from a defined geographical area (1988) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 30, pp. 36-42; 
Lubchenko, L.O., Hansman, C., Dressier, M., Boyd, E., Intrauterine growth as estimated from liveborn birth‐weight data at 24–42 weeks of gestation (1963) Pediatrics, 32, pp. 793-800; 
Lucas, A., Morley, R., Cole, T.J., Gore, S.M., Davis, J.A., Bamford, M.F.M., Dossetor, J.F.B., Early diet in pre‐term babies and developmental status in infancy (1989) Archives of Diseases in Childhood, 64, pp. 1570-1578; 
Ornstein, M., Ohlsson, A., Edmonds, J., Asztalos, E., Neonatal follow‐up of very low birthweight/extremely low birthweight to school age: a critical review (1991) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 80, pp. 741-748; 
Osborn, A.F., Butler, N.R., Morris, A.C., (1984) The Social Life of Britain's 5‐year‐olds: a Report of the Child Health and Education Study, , Routledge and Kegan Paul, London; 
Paneth, N., Keily, J.L., Stein, Z., Susser, M., Cerebral palsy and newborn care, 3: estimated prevalence rates of CP under differing rates of mortality and impairment of low birthweight infants (1981) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 23, pp. 801-817; 
Portnoy, S., Callias, M., Wolke, D., Gamsu, H., Five‐year‐follow‐up study of extremely low‐birthweight infants (1988) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 30, pp. 590-598; 
Powell, T.G., Pharoah, P.O.D., Cooke, R.W.I., Survival and mortality in a geographical defined population of low birthweight infants (1986) The Lancet, 1, pp. 539-543; 
Roussounis, S.H., Gaussen, T.H., Stratton, P., A two‐year‐follow‐up study of children with motor co‐ordination problems identified at school age (1987) Child: care, health and development, 13, pp. 377-391; 
Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour, , Longman, London; 
Sameroff, A.J., Seifer, R., Barocas, R., Zax, M., Greenspan, S., Intelligence quotient scores of 4‐year‐old children: social‐environmental risk factors (1987) Pediatrics, 79, pp. 343-380; 
Smith, A.E.A., Knight‐Jones, E.B., The abilities of very low birthweight children and their classroom controls (1990) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 32, pp. 590-601; 
Tanner, J.M., Whitehouse, R.H., Clinical longitudinal standards for height, weight, height velocity, weight velocity and stages of puberty (1976) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 51, pp. 170-175; 
Touwen, B.C.L., Prechtl, H.F.R, (1970) The neurological examination of the child with minor nervous dysfunction. Clinics in developmental medicine No 38, , Heinemann Medical, London; 
Veen, S., Ens‐Dokkum, M., Schreuder, A., Verloove‐Vanhorick, S., Brand, R., Ruys, J., Impairments, disabilities, and handicaps of very pre‐term and very‐low‐birthweight infants at 5 years of age (1991) The Lancet, 338, pp. 33-36; 
Wariyar, U., Richmond, S., Hey, E., Pregnancy outcome at 24–31 weeks' gestation: neonatal survivors (1989) Archives of Diseases in Childhood, 64, pp. 678-686; 
Wechsler, D., (1967) Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, , The Psychological Corporation, New York; 
(1980) International Classification of Impairments Disabilities and Handicaps, , WHO, Geneva
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027351116&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-2214.1993.tb00712.x&partnerID=40&md5=870262d694c5bf95dcb5ffb58f698e16
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Risk of second primary cancer after hodgkin's disease in patients in the british national lymphoma investigation: relationships to host factors, histology and stage of hodgkin's disease, and splenectomy
T2  - British Journal of Cancer
J2  - Br. J. Cancer
VL  - 68
IS  - 5
SP  - 1006
EP  - 1011
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.1038/bjc.1993.470
SN  - 00070920 (ISSN) 
AU  - Swerdlow, A.J.
AU  - Douglas, A.J.
AU  - Vaughan Hudson, G.
AU  - Vaughan Hudson, B.
AD  - Epidemiological Monitoring Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
AD  - British National Lymphoma Investigation, Department of Oncology, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, United Kingdom
AD  - Institute of Cancer Studies, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
AB  - The risks of second primary cancer were analysed in 2846 patients with Hodgkin's disease treated within the British National Lymphoma Investigation during 1970-87. The relative risk (RR) of leukaemia was significantly greater in women (RR = 30.1; 95% confidence limits (CL) 13.0-59.5) than in men (RR = 10.9; 95% CL 4.7-21.5), and showed a significant trend of greater risk with younger age at first treatment (P < 0.001). The relative risk of solid cancers was similar between the sexes, but again significantly greater at young than at older ages of first treatment (P < 0.01). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma relative risks, although not related to sex or age, were significantly related to histology of the original Hodgkin's disease, and were greatest after lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease (RR = 55.6; 95% CL 18.0-129.7). The relative risk of second cancers did not vary significantly according to whether or not splenectomy had been performed. Leukaemia risk was non-significantly greater after splenectomy than with no splenectomy, which accorded with previous evidence of a modest increased risk associated with this operation. If the greater relative risk of solid second cancers after treatment at young than at older ages persists with longer follow-up, the incidence rates of these second primaries in patients treated young for Hodgkin's disease will become very substantial as they age. This emphasises the need to maintain long-term follow-up surveillance of young Hodgkin's disease patients apparently cured of their disease, and to continue to develop new less carcinogenic treatment regimens. © 1993 Macmillan Press Ltd.
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - female
KW  - histology
KW  - hodgkin disease
KW  - human
KW  - leukemia
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - nonhodgkin lymphoma
KW  - priority journal
KW  - sex difference
KW  - splenectomy
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Female
KW  - Hodgkin Disease
KW  - Human
KW  - Leukemia
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Neoplasm Staging
KW  - Neoplasms, Second Primary
KW  - Risk
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Splenectomy
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :55
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 8217588
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Swerdlow, A.J.; Department of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WCIE 7HT, United Kingdom
N1  - Funding details: Lisa Waller Hayes Foundation, Lisa Waller Hayes Foundation
N1  - Funding details: CGD Research Trust, CGD Research Trust
N1  - Funding details: Manitoba Lung Association, Manitoba Lung Association
N1  - Funding details: Breast Cancer Campaign, Breast Cancer Campaign
N1  - Funding details: Medical Research Council, Medical Research Council
N1  - Funding details: Manitoba Lung Association, Manitoba Lung Association
N1  - Funding text: Bonner and Mrs E. Middleton for secretarial help. The Epidemio-logical Monitoring Unit is funded by the Medical Research Council. The BNLI thanks the Lymphoma Research Trust, the Cancer Research Campaign, the Lisa Lear Fund and the Isle of Man Anti-Cancer Association for funding.
N1  - References: Bennett, M.H., Maclennan, K.A., Easterling, M.J., Vaughan Hudson, B., Vaughan Hudson, G., Jelliffe, A.M., Analysis of histological subtypes in hodgkin’s disease in relation to prognosis and survival (1985) The Cytobiology of Leukaemias and Lymphomas, 20, pp. 15-32. , Quaglino, D. & Hayhoe, F.G.J. (eds). Serono Symposia, Raven Press: New York; 
Bennett, M.H., Maclennan, K.A., Vaughan Hudson, G., Vaughan Hudson, B., Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma arising in patients treated for hodgkin’s disease in the bnli: A 20 year experience (1991) Ann. Oncol, 2, pp. 83-92; 
Boivin, J.F., Hutchison, G.B., Lyden, M., Godbold, J., Chorosh, J., Schottenfeld, D., Second primary cancers following treatment of hodgkin’s disease (1984) J. Natl Cancer Inst, 72, pp. 233-241; 
Boivin, J.-F., O’BRIEN, K., Solid cancer risk after treatment of hodgkin’s disease (1988) Cancer, 61, pp. 2541-2546; 
Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1987) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research Volume II -The Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies, , IARC Scientific Publication, No. 82. International Agency for Research on Cancer: Lyon; 
Carbone, P.P., Kaplan, H.S., Musshoff, K., Smithers, D.W., Tubiana, M., Report of the committee on hodgkin’s disease staging (1971) Cancer Res, 31, pp. 1860-1861; 
Coleman, M., Douglas, A., Hermon, C., Cohort study analyses with a fortran computer program (1986) Int. J. Epidemiol, 15, pp. 134-137; 
Colman, M., Easton, D.F., Horwich, A., Peckham, M.J., Second malignancies and hodgkin’s disease –the royal marsden hospital experience (1988) Radiother. Oncol, 11, pp. 229-238; 
Hansmann, M.L., Stein, H., Fellbaum, C., Hui, P.K., Parwaresch, M.R., Lennert, K., Nodular paragranuloma can transform into high-grade malignant lymphoma of b type (1989) Hum. Pathol, 20, pp. 1169-1175; 
Henry-Amar, M., Quantitative risk of second cancer in patients in first complete remission from early stages of hodgkin’s disease (1988) NCI Monogr, 6, pp. 65-72; 
Henry-Amar, M., Aeppli, D.M., Erson, J., Ashley, S., Bonichon, F., Cox, R.S., Dahlberg, S.J., Vaughan Hudson, B., Study of second cancer risk (1990) Treatment Strategy in Hodgkin’s Disease, pp. 355-380. , Somers, R., Henry-Amar, M., Meerwaldt, J.H. & Carde, P, Colloques INSERM/John Libbey Eurotext: Paris; 
Kaldor, J.M., Day, N.E., Band, P., Choi, N.W., Clarke, E.A., Coleman, M.P., Hakama, M., Storm, H.H., Second malignancies following testicular cancer, ovarian cancer and hodgkin’s disease: An international collaborative study among cancer registries (1987) Int. J. Cancer, 39, pp. 571-585; 
Kaldor, J.M., Day, N.E., Clarke, E.A., Van Leeuwen, F.E., Henry-Amar, M., Fiorentino, M.V., & 22 others (1990) New Engl. J. Med, 322, pp. 7-13; 
Miettinen, M., Franssila, K.O., Saxen, E., Hodgkin’s disease, lymphocyte predominance nodular. Increased risk for subsequent non-hodgkin’s lymphomas (1983) Cancer, 51, pp. 2293-2300; 
(1990) Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation, , Bier, V. National Academy Press: Washington DC; 
Pedersen-Bjergaard, J., Specht, L., Larsen, S.O., Ersboll, J., Struck, J., Hansen, M.M., Hansen, H.H., Nissen, N.I., Risk of therapy-related leukaemia and pre-leukaemia after hodgkin’s disease. Relation to age, cumulative dose of alkylating agents, and time from chemotherapy (1987) Lancet, 2, pp. 83-88; 
Egret (1989) Statistics and Epidemiology Research Corporation, , Seattle; 
Sundeen, J.T., Cossman, J., Jaffe, E.S., Lymphocyte predominant hodgkin’s disease nodular subtype with coexistent ‘large cell lymphoma’. Histological progression or composite malignancy? (1988) Am. J. Surg. Pathol, 12, pp. 599-606; 
Swerdlow, A.J., Douglas, A.J., Vaughan Hudson, G., Vaughan Hudson, B., Bennett, M.H., Maclennan, K.A., Risk of second primary cancers after hodgkin’s disease by type of treatment: Analysis of 2846 patients in the british national lymphoma investigation (1992) Br. Med. J, 304, pp. 1137-1143; 
Tester, W.J., Kinsella, T.J., Waller, B., Makuch, R.W., Kelley, P.A., Glatstein, E., Devita, V.T., (1984) J. Clin. Oncol, 2, pp. 762-769; 
Tucker, M.A., Coleman, C.N., Cox, R.S., Varghese, A., Rosenberg, S.A., Risk of second cancers after treatment for hodgkin’s disease (1988) New Engl. J. Med, 318, pp. 76-81; 
Valagussa, P., Santoro, A., Fossati-Bellani, F., Banfi, A., Bonadonna, G., Second acute leukemia and other malignancies following treatment for hodgkin’s disease (1986) J. Clin. Oncol, 4, pp. 830-837; 
Van Der Velden, J.W., Van Putten, W.L.J., Guinee, V.F., Pfeiffer, R., Van Leeuwen, F.E., Van Der Linden, E.A.M., Vardomskaya, I., Eghbali, H., Subsequent development of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia in patients treated for hodgkin’s disease (1988) Int. J. Cancer, 42, pp. 252-255; 
Van Leeuwen, F.E., Somers, R., Taal, B.G., Van Heerde, P., Coster, B., Dozeman, T., Huisman, S.J., Hart, A.A.M., Increased risk of lung cancer, non-hodgkin’s lymphoma, and leukemia following hodgkin’s disease (1989) J. Clin. Oncol, 7, pp. 1046-1058; 
(1967) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Disease, Injuries, and Causes of Death, , Eighth Revision. WHO: Geneva; 
(1977) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, , Ninth Revision. WHO: Geneva
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027360411&doi=10.1038%2fbjc.1993.470&partnerID=40&md5=5e9c0d0da8032bc9bbe189a675388836
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - In China, the peak childbearing years have peaked.
T2  - Population today
J2  - Popul Today
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
SP  - 5
PY  - 1993
SN  - 07492448 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kalish, S.
AB  - The number of women in China in their 20s peaked in 1992 and is now declining. Based on the 1990 Census of China, there are now about 123.2 million women ages 20-29. Projections from China Population Today indicate that the number will decline all through the decade and will be at 102 million by the year 2000, a drop of 17% since 1992. During the same period the women of childbearing age (ages 15-49) will continue to grow from 318.9 million in 1992 to 339.4 million in the year 2000. This is because the large birth cohorts that preceded China's massive campaigns for smaller family size in the 1970s are moving into their 30s. UN projections show the number of women in China in their 20s beginning to rise between 2005 and 2010 and continuing to increase until 2025. The number of children under age 5 (112.1 million in 1990) will begin to fall in the late 1990s, and continue to decline, reaching 86.4 million by 2010. However, by 2025, the number of children under age 5 will be 95.3 million. In China the total fertility rate (TFR) fell from 5.8 in 1970 to 2.2 by 1980. The 1992 average TFR for the world was 3.3 and for other developing countries it was 4.4. China's controversial 1 child per family policy was adopted in 1979 after the birth rate had already fallen to its lowest recorded level. The average age for Chinese women at 1st marriage is 22.2, up from 20.9 in 1970, according to China Population Today. In comparison, the average age at 1st marriage for women in the US is 24.1. Only about 3% of Chinese women married before age 18 in 1988, Contraception. Even in rural areas, less than 4% of women marry under age 18. In contrast, in 1950, more than 40% of Chinese women were married by age 18.
KW  - nuptiality
KW  - reproduction rate
KW  - Antinatalist Policy
KW  - article
KW  - Asia
KW  - birth control
KW  - birth rate
KW  - China
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - demography
KW  - developing country
KW  - Eastern Asia
KW  - Estimation Technics
KW  - Far East
KW  - fertility
KW  - Fertility Decline
KW  - Fertility Measurements
KW  - forecasting
KW  - marriage
KW  - Marriage Age
KW  - Marriage Patterns
KW  - One Child Policy
KW  - policy
KW  - population
KW  - population dynamics
KW  - Population Policy
KW  - Population Projection
KW  - research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Total Fertility Rate
KW  - Antinatalist Policy
KW  - Asia
KW  - Birth Rate
KW  - China
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Eastern Asia
KW  - Estimation Technics
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Fertility Decline
KW  - Fertility Measurements
KW  - Fertility Rate
KW  - Marriage
KW  - Marriage Age
KW  - Marriage Patterns
KW  - Nuptiality
KW  - One Child Policy
KW  - Policy
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Population Policy
KW  - Population Projection
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Social Policy
KW  - Total Fertility Rate
KW  - Asia
KW  - Birth Rate
KW  - China
KW  - Demography
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Family Planning Policy
KW  - Far East
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Marriage
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Public Policy
KW  - Research
KW  - Statistics
N1  - Cited By :1
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 12285784
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kalish, S.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027354734&partnerID=40&md5=f926d44835df5a2b450bb1426b203327
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Determinants of regional differences in lung cancer mortality in the Netherlands
T2  - Social Science and Medicine
J2  - Soc. Sci. Med.
VL  - 37
IS  - 5
SP  - 623
EP  - 631
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.1016/0277-9536(93)90101-9
SN  - 02779536 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kunst, A.E.
AU  - Looman, C.W.N.
AU  - Mackenbach, J.P.
AD  - Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands
AB  - Although regional differences in lung cancer mortality are likely to be attributable to regional differences in tobacco smoking, studies in various countries found only weak relationships. This paper aimed at explaining regional differences in lung cancer mortality in the Netherlands. In a first step, clues for the role of smoking were obtained from a detailed description of regional mortality differences. These differences were found to be strongly determined by cohort effects: they vary between birth cohorts, and have been stable for over 30 years. Regional mortality differences reflect a diffusion of the lung cancer epidemic from high-income regions to low-income regions. These findings are suggestive of a relationship with regional differences in trends in cigarette smoking. In a second step, by means of multiple regression analysis, mortality differences in 1980-84 were related to available data on cigarette smoking and two other possible risk factors: work in transport and manufacturing industry, and air contamination. The independent variables referred to the 1970s. Positive associations with various smoking measures were found for women, but for men the associations were weak or non-existent. Mortality differences among men 45-64 years were associated with work in transport and manufacturing industry. Strong associations with air contamination were found for men and women 65 years and older. Additional analysis showed that regional differences in lung cancer among old men were strongly associated with smoking in 1930, i.e. half a century before. Changes in the regional pattern of tobacco consumption between 1930 and 1970 explain why smoking in 1970 is not associated with mortality differences in the 1980s. This shows that the explanation of regional lung cancer death rates sometimes has to go far back in time. The strong association with air contamination does not constitute firm evidence of an effect, but should be considered as a stimulus to carry out further analysis on the excess lung cancer mortality in polluted regions. © 1993.
KW  - determinants
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - mortality
KW  - regional differences
KW  - air contamination
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - industrial pollution
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - regional difference
KW  - tobacco smoking
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - air pollution
KW  - article
KW  - assay
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - data analysis
KW  - demography
KW  - economic aspect
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - industrial worker
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - multiple regression
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - risk factor
KW  - smoking
KW  - stimulus
KW  - tobacco
KW  - traffic
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Air Pollution
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Lung Neoplasms
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :13
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SSMDE
C2  - 8211276
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kunst, A.E.; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands
N1  - References: Blot, Fraumeni, Changing patterns of lung cancer in the United States (1982) Am. J. Epidemiol., 115, p. 664; 
Howe, Mortality from selected malignant neoplasms in the British Isles: the spatial perspective (1981) Soc. Sci. Med., 15 D, p. 199; 
Caselli, Les causes des décès en France III Un effort d'interprétation des différences géographiques application à la période 1974–76 (1984) Population (French Edition), 6, p. 1011; 
Gatzweiler, Steins, Regionale mortalitätsunterschiede in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Daten und hypothesen (1982) Jahrbuch für Regionalwissenschaft, 3, p. 36; 
Grosclaude, Lux, Van Houte-Minet, Wunsch, Mortalité régionale et comportements différentiels (1979) Pop. Fam., 48, p. 1; 
Caselli, Egidi, Géographie de la mortalité en Europe: influence de l'environnement et de certains aspects du comportement (1983) Proceedings of the International Population Congress, 2, p. 165. , 3rd edn., IUSSP, Liège, Manilla, 1981; 
Wagner, Merabishvili, Geographical distribution of lung cancer in the U.S.S.R. (1984) Int. J. Cancer, 34, p. 67; 
Minowa, Shigematsu, Nagai, Fukutomi, Geographical distribution of lung cancer mortality and environmental factors in Japan (1981) Soc. Sci. Med., 15 D, p. 225; 
Cleston, Coebergh, (1988) Cancer in the Netherlands: Scenarios on Cancer, pp. 1985-2000. , Kluwer, Dordrecht; 
Murata, Takayama, Fukuma, A comparative epidemiologic study on geographic distributions of cancers of the lung and the large intestine in Japan (1988) Jap. J. Cancer Res., 79, p. 1005; 
Mohner, Analyse der geographischen Verteilung von Krebsinzidenzen am Beispiel der Lungentumoren in der DDR den Zeitraum 1978–1982 (1988) Arch. Geschwulstforsch, 58, p. 191; 
WHO Expert Committee on Smoking Control, Controlling the smoking epidemic (1979) Technical Report Series no. 636, , WHO, Genève; 
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, The health consequences of smoking (1982) Cancer. A report of the Surgeon General, , USDHHS, Office on Smoking and Health, Rockville (Maryland); 
Royal College of Physicians, (1983) Health or smoking? Follow-up report of the Royal College of Physicians, , Pitmans, London; 
Weinberg, Kuller, Redmond, The relationship between the geographic distribution of lung cancer incidence and cigarette smoking in Allegheny county, Pennsylvania (1982) Am. J. Epidemiol., 115, p. 40; 
Valkonen, Notkola, Influence of socioeconomic and other factors on the geographic variation of mortality in Finland, Sweden and Norway (1977) Yearbook of Population Research in Finland, 15, p. 9; 
Taioli, Nicolosi, Wynder, Possible role of diet as a host factor in the aetiology of tobacco-induced lung cancer: an ecological study in Southern and Northern Italy (1991) Int. J. Epidemiol., 20, p. 611; 
Higgins, Air pollution and lung cancer: diesel exhaust, coal combustion (1984) Prev. Med., 13, p. 207; 
Speizer, Overview of the risk of respiratory cancer from airborne contaminants (1986) Environmental Hlth Persp., 70, p. 9; 
Dubrow, Wegman, Setting priorities for occupational cancer research and control: synthesis of the results of occupational disease surveillance studies (1983) J.N.C.I., 71, p. 1123; 
Hoff, Cohort analysis of lung cancer in the Netherlands (1979) Int. J. Epidemiol., 8, p. 41; 
Reek, Rookgedrag in Nederland van 1958–1982 (1983) Tijdschr. Alcohol Drugs, 9, p. 99; 
Mackenbach, Kunst, Looman, Cultural and socioeconomic determinants of geographical mortality patterns in the Netherlands (1991) J. Epidemiol. Commun. Hlth, 45, p. 231; 
Hofstee, (1981) Short Demographic History of The Netherlands from 1980 to the Present, , Fibula-van Dishoeck, Haarlem; 
Van Engelsdorp Gastelaars, Ostenhof, Vos, Typologieën van Nederlandse gemeenten naar stedelijkheidsgraad (1980) Monographs Population Census 1971, , Staatsuitgeverij, The Hague; 
Gadourek, (1963) Riskante gewoonten en zorg voor eigen welzijn (dissertation), , University of Groningen, Groningen; 
National Institute for Public Health and Environmental Hygiene, Landelijk meetnet luchtkwaliteit: verslag over de periode 1 April 1979–1 April 1980 (1980) Report no. 69/80 LMO, Series NML-RIV no. 18, , National Institute for Public Health, Bilthoven; 
Gail, The analysis of heterogeneity for indirect standardized mortality ratios (1978) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General), 141, p. 224; 
Biersteker, (1966) Verontreinigde lucht (dissertation), , University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; 
Mackenbach, (1988) Mortality and medical care (dissertation), , Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam; 
Central Bureau of Statistics, (1935) Bedrifjfstelling 31 december 1930, , Algemene Landsdrukkerij, The Hague; 
Proosdij, (1957) Roken, een individueel- en sociaalgeneeskundige studie (dissertation), , University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; 
Blot, Fraumeni, Geographic patterns of lung cancer: industrial correlations (1976) Am. J. Epidemiol., 103, p. 539; 
Chinn, Florey, Baldwin, Gorgol, The relation of mortality in England and Wales to measurement of air contamination (1981) J. Epidemiol. Commun. Hlth, 35, p. 174; 
Swedlow, dos Santos Silva, Geographic distribution of lung and stomach cancer in England and Wales over 50 years: changing and unchanging patterns (1991) Br. J. Cancer, 63, p. 773; 
Derriennic, Richardson, Mollie, Lellough, Short-term effects of sulphur dioxide pollution on mortality in two French cities (1989) Int. J. Epidemiol., 18, p. 186; 
Schwartz, Marcus, Mortality and air pollution in London: a time series analysis (1990) Am. J. Epidemiol., 131, p. 185; 
Krzyzanowski, Wojtyniak, Ten-year mortality in a sample of an adult population in relation to air pollution (1982) J. Epidemiol. Commun. Hlth, 36, p. 262; 
Brown, Pottern, Blot, Lung cancer in relation to environmental pollutants emitted from industrial sources (1984) Environmental Res., 34, p. 250
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Male and female fertility: a comparison of age-specific and cohort fertility of both sexes in Germany.
T2  - Genus
J2  - Genus
VL  - 49
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 147
EP  - 158
PY  - 1993
SN  - 00166987 (ISSN) 
AU  - Dinkel, R.H.
AU  - Milenovic, I.
AB  - Data from German sample surveys was used to compare male and female fertility by birth cohort from 1902-04 to 1959-61. The results indicated that prior to 1930 male fertility was higher, and there was a wide range between male and female fertility. The gap narrowed over time among males aged over 40 years, whose mortality declined markedly over time. There were differences in male and female completed fertility for all age cohorts. The war years had an effect on the sex ratio, and the result was a reduced number of births. The marriage market when there was a surplus of male partners yielded a smaller share of childless women and a larger number of births. Factors affecting reproductive potential were the age difference between spouses, the length of the reproductive life span, the sex ratio, male migration, cohort size, and female survivorship. Male and female models can never separately adequately explain true population development. Cohort estimates showed female fertility peaks for cohorts 1950-52 at 15-19 years, 1944-46 at 20-24 years, 1932-40 at 25-29 years, and 1932-34 at 30-34 years. Between 1965 and 1970 there was a baby boom. Completed fertility for cohorts declined from the early 1900s. Male fertility for all cohorts showed smaller rates for men aged under 25 years and larger rates above age 30 years compared to women. Age specific fertility rates for men for all cohorts fluctuated like female rates. Before 1928, men had more children. The decline in male fertility rates at ages 35-39 years ended at cohorts 1938-40. A declining trend in male cohort fertility was evident for all periods for men aged over 40 years. The 1902-04 cohort for men aged over 40 years was about five times as high as female fertility. By the 1929 cohort male and female fertility differences were minimal. Even when the sex ratio was in equilibrium cohort fertility of males and females may be different because not all people reproduce. The share of childlessness within cohorts depends on the scarcity of one sex, such as was evidenced in the shortage of males after 1945.
KW  - reproduction rate
KW  - Age Specific Fertility Rate
KW  - article
KW  - birth rate
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - comparative study
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - demography
KW  - developed country
KW  - Europe
KW  - fertility
KW  - Fertility Measurements
KW  - Germany
KW  - maternal age
KW  - methodology
KW  - population
KW  - population and population related phenomena
KW  - population dynamics
KW  - research
KW  - sex difference
KW  - Studies
KW  - theoretical model
KW  - Theoretical Studies
KW  - Western Europe
KW  - Age Specific Fertility Rate
KW  - Birth Rate
KW  - Cohort Analysis
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Europe
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Fertility Measurements
KW  - Fertility Rate
KW  - Germany
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Studies
KW  - Theoretical Studies
KW  - Western Europe
KW  - Birth Rate
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Demography
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Europe
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Germany
KW  - Maternal Age
KW  - Models, Theoretical
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Research
KW  - Sex Factors
N1  - Cited By :1
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 12345252
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Dinkel, R.H.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027538808&partnerID=40&md5=89cadb5daca7dec28dd52b500172c2ce
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Survival rates in lung cancer patients with and without bronchial asthma
T2  - Acta Oncologica
J2  - Acta Oncol.
VL  - 32
IS  - 5
SP  - 517
EP  - 520
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.3109/02841869309096110
SN  - 0284186X (ISSN) 
AU  - Vesterinen, E.
AU  - Karjalainen, S.
AU  - Timonen, T.
AU  - Pukkala, E.
AU  - Hakulinen, T.
AD  - Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti, Finland
AD  - National Agency For Welfare and Health, Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - Bronchial asthma itself or the treatment of asthma may modify the immunological response to cancer. The survival of lung cancer patients with a preceding diagnosis of bronchial asthma was compared with that of non-asthmatic lung cancer patients in Finland during 1970-1989. This was accomplished by linking two nation-wide data registers, the medication reimbursement register and the cancer registry. For 921 out of the 926 asthmatic patients with lung cancer diagnosed after the diagnosis of bronchial asthma, a non-asthmatic referent patient, matching with respect to sex, anatomical site, and histological type of tumour, as well as to age and year of lung cancer diagnosis, was successfully found in the files of the Cancer Registry. Another referent group was formed by using the stage of lung cancer at diagnosis as an extra matching criterion; this search was successful for 895 asthmatic lung cancer patients. The corrected 5-year survival rate of asthmatic lung cancer patients was 8.4% and that of the referent patients, not matched for stage, 9.6% When stage was included as matching criterion the corresponding rates were 8.5% and 8.1% respectively. None of these differences were significant. The prognosis of asthmatic and non-asthmatic lung cancer patients thus seemed to be similar. © 1993 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - asthma
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - survival
KW  - Asthma
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Lung Neoplasms
KW  - Male
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Registries
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Survival Rate
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :7
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ACTOE
C2  - 8217235
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Vesterinen, E.; Paijat-Hame Central Hospital, Keskussairaalankatu 7, FIN-15850, Lahti, Finland
N1  - References: Robinette, C.D., Isaacs, H., Jr., Asthma and subsequent mortality in World War II veterans (1978) J. Chr Dis, 31, pp. 619-624; 
Vena, J.E., Bona, J.R., Byers, T.E., Middleton, E., Jr., Swanson, M.K., Graham, S., Allergy related diseases and cancer: An inverse association (1985) Am J Epidemiol, 122, pp. 66-74; 
Reynolds, P., Kaplan, G.A., Asthma and cancer (1987) Am J Epidemiol, 125, pp. 539-540; 
Timonen, T., Stenius-Aarniala, B., Natural-killer cell activity in asthma (1985) Clin Exp Immunol, 59, pp. 85-90; 
Vesterinen, E., Timonen, T., Natural killer cell activity in specific and in non-specific bronchial challenge (1988) Ann Allergy, 3, pp. 247-249; 
Trinchieri, G., Biology of natural killer cells (1989) Adv Immunol, 47, pp. 187-375; 
Parrillo, J.E., Fauci, S., Mechanism of corticosteroid action on lymphocyte subpopulation (1978) Clin Exp Immunol, 31, pp. 116-125; 
Malygin, A.M., Redjko, A.A., Pogodina, O.N., Karaseva, N.A., Koval, Y.F., Timonen, T., Prognostic value of non-MHC-restricted killer cell activity in lung cancer (1993) Cancer Immunol Immunother, , (in press); 
Sáxen, E., Teppo, L., (1978) Finnish Cancer Registry. Twenty-five years of a nationwide cancer registry, pp. 1-47. , Finnish Cancer Registry, Helsinki; 
Dorn, H.F., Methods of analysis of follow-up studies (1950) Hum Biol, 22, pp. 238-248; 
Berg, J.W., Disease-oriented end results: A tool for pathological clinical analysis (1964) Cancer, 17, pp. 693-707; 
Cutler, S.J., Ederer, F., Maximum utilization of the life table method in analyzing survival (1958) J Chr Dis, 8, pp. 699-712; 
Armitage, P., Berry, G., (1987) Statistical methods in medical research, , Second edition. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford; 
Hakulinen, T., Teppo, L., Causes of death among female patients with cancer of the breast and intestines (1977) Ann Clin Res, 9, pp. 15-24; 
Eddy, D.M., Screening for lung cancer (1989) Ann Intern Med, 111, pp. 232-237; 
Epler, G.R., Screening for lung cancer Is it worthwhile? (1990) Postgrad Med, 87, pp. 181-186
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027425878&doi=10.3109%2f02841869309096110&partnerID=40&md5=8a3c734f063462f734624176681b4bde
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Training and Employment in Hearing-Impaired Subjects At 20-35 Years of Age
T2  - Scandinavian Audiology
J2  - Scand. Audiol.
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
SP  - 133
EP  - 139
PY  - 1993
DO  - 10.3109/01050399309046029
SN  - 01050397 (ISSN) 
AU  - arving, A.
AU  - Christcnscn, B.
AD  - Department of Audiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
AB  - Training and employment in hearing-impaired subjects at 20-35 years of age. Parving, A. and Christensen, B. (Department of Audiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark). Scand Audiol 1993; 22: 133-139. This study was undertaken in order to evaluate the training and the employment situation in a cohort of hearing-impaired subjects born between 1955 and 1970. A sample of 288 persons was collected from 33 352 consecutive patients with hearing thresholds > 20 dB HL in at least one puretone frequency (250-8000 Hz) in one (right/left) ear and all living in the city of Copenhagen at the time of data collection. The total sample of 288 persons was divided into two groups according to age at onset of their hearing impairment: group 1 comprised 165 persons with congenital/early acquired hearing loss (before 2 years of age); group 2 comprised 123 subjects with acquired hearing loss (after 2 years of age), acting as a reference group. A questionnaire was mailed to all 288 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria, achieving 218 responses (76%). The questionnaire evaluated the educational and employment situation and revealed significant differences, training within crafts being more common in group 1 in contrast to training at university level being more common in group 2. A frequency of 31 %/29% respectively of unemployment at the time of the questionnaire was found in the two hearing-impaired groups, compared with 12% in an age-matched background population. A subdivision according to hearing thresholds indicated that the degree of hearing loss is of importance for education at university level. A question concerning general well-being showed that the majority of hearing-impaired persons, irrespective of age of onset of their hearing impairment, are satisfied with their life. © 1993, Informa UK Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - employment situation
KW  - hearing impairment
KW  - training
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - auditory threshold
KW  - comparative study
KW  - congenital deafness
KW  - controlled study
KW  - education
KW  - employment
KW  - hearing impairment
KW  - hearing loss
KW  - human
KW  - information processing
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - onset age
KW  - priority journal
KW  - pure tone audiometry
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - training
KW  - university
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Employment
KW  - Female
KW  - Hearing Disorders
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Social Work
N1  - Cited By :23
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 8321998
LA  - English
N1  - References: Arnvig, J., Om arsagerne til davhed og svser tunghorhed (1954), p. 449. , Ugeskr Laeger 116. (in Danish); Markides, A., (1980), eds. Disorders of auditory function, III. London: Academic Press,33 42; Bentzen, O., Audiological service in Denmark (1951), In: Benzcn O. Ewertsen H. W. Salomon G. eds. Danish Audiology -1976; (1976), pp. 35-48. , Kobenhavn: Nyt Nordisk Forlag/Arnold Busck; Bentzen, O., Christensen, B., (1975), How are hard of hearing and deaf children taught in ? In: Ben/en O. Ewertsen H. W. Salomon G. eds. Danish Audiology 1951-1976. Kobenhavn: Nyt Nordisk Forlag/Arnold Busck, 1976; Davis, A.C., The prevalence of hearing impairment and reported hearing disability among adults in Great Britain (1989), 18 (901). , Int J Epidemiol; Diem, K., Lenlner, C., Basel, E.D., (1970), Geigy; Dyssegaard, B., Meadow-OrlansKP (1987), Hørehandicappede skoleelevers socialc og emotionelle funktion. Den Røde Scrie nr 18. Copenhagen, (in Danish); Ewertsen, H.W., (1951), pp. 1-16. , The history of Danish medical audiology -1976. In: Benzen O. Ewertsen H. W. Salomon G. eds. Danish Audiology 1951-1976. Kobenhavn: Nyt Nordisk Forlag/Arnold Busck, 1976;; Gentile, A., Persons with impaired hearing (1975), Vital Health Statistics, Series 10/101. Kobenhavns Kommunes Statistik. Copenhagen 1990 (in Danish); Martin, J.A.M., Aetiological factors relating to childhood deafness in the European Community (1982), 21, p. 149. , Audiology; Martin, J.A.M., Benzen, O., Colley, J.R.T., Hennebert, D., Holm, C., Iurato, S., de Jonge, A., Moore, W.J., ; Morgan, A., Childhood deafness in the European Community (1981), 10 (165). , Scand Audiol, - 74; Newton, V.E., Aetiology of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss in young children (1985), pp. 1-57. , J Otol La ryngol(Suppl. 10); Parving, A., Epidemiology of hearing loss, and aetiological diagnosis of hearing impairment in childhood (1983), 5, p. 159. , Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol; Parving, A., Detection of the infant with congential/early acquired hearing disability (1991), p. 111. , Acta Otolaryngol (Stoekh) a; (Suppl. 482); Parving, A., Intervention and the hearing-impaired childan evaluation of outcome (1991), 23, p. 151. , Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol; Ruben, R.J., Effectiveness and efficacy of early detection of hearing impairment in children Acta Otolaryngol; (1991), p. 127. , (Stoekh)(Suppl. 482); Ruben, R.J., Levine, R., Fischman, G., (1982), 92, pp. 38-46. , et a. l. The moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss-impaired child: an analysis of etiology, intervention and outcome. Laryngoscope; Thomas, A., Lamont, H., Harris, M., Problems encountered at work by people with severe acquired hearing loss (1982), 16, pp. 39-43. , Br J Audiol; (1969), 12, p. 541. , Vernon. McCay. Sociological and psychological factors associated with hearing loss. J Speech Hear ResUR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027231630&doi=10.3109%2f01050399309046029&partnerID=40&md5=ee0177327378a824e48bd9b27ddf1b65
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Trends in cancer mortality in Kanawha County, West Virginia, 1950-1984
T2  - Science of the Total Environment, The
J2  - Sci. Total Environ.
VL  - 127
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 139
EP  - 154
PY  - 1992
DO  - 10.1016/0048-9697(92)90473-6
SN  - 00489697 (ISSN) 
AU  - Talbott, E.O.
AU  - Day, R.D.
AU  - Marsh, G.M.
AU  - Haile-Cattledge, G.T.
AU  - McKenna, M.
AU  - Case, B.W.
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, 130 Desoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
AD  - Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, 130 Desoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
AB  - There has been much concern about possible adverse health effects related to exposure to toxic chemicals among residents of Kanawha County in southern West Virginia. An epidemiological study of trends in cancer mortality from 1950-1984 among the general population of Kanawha County in southern West Virginia was mounted. Cabell County, West Virginia was chosen to be a comparison county for Kanawha in addition to West Virginia and the total United States. The cancer mortality rates for white males and females were calculated using NCHS mortality data and Census Bureau population data available on the Mortality and Population Data System (MPDS) at the University of Pittsburgh. Mortality rates for cancer in Kanawha and Cabell Countries were evaluated over the time period 1950-1984 with an age-period-cohort (APC) analysis. In this analysis, poisson regression models were fit using the statistical program GLIM (Generalized Linear Models) to determine the separate effects of age, period of death, and birth cohort on the specific cancers of interest (lung, liver, bladder, CNS, leukemia, lympho-reticulosarcoma, all cancers). There were no significant country differences for cancer death rates between Kanawha and Cabell Countries except for leukemia among white males [O.R. = 1.27, 95% (C.I. = 1.03-1.6)], and for lympho-reticulosarcoma [O.R. = 1.66(1.24-2.07)], suggesting a possible occupational exposure. For leukemia, aleukemia, the effect observed seems to have declined. In contrast, the elevation of lympho-reticulosarcoma rates has remained in recent years (1970-1984). © 1992.
KW  - cancer
KW  - chemical
KW  - ecological study
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - mortality
KW  - cancer epidemiology
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - conference paper
KW  - controlled study
KW  - ecology
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - united states
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Air Pollutants, Environmental
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Chemical Industry
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Leukemia
KW  - Lymphoma, Large-Cell
KW  - Male
KW  - Occupational Exposure
KW  - West Virginia
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - chemical exposure
KW  - epidemiological studies
KW  - health effect
KW  - medical geography
KW  - mortality rate
KW  - occupational exposure
KW  - toxic chemical
KW  - USA, West Virginia, Kanawha County
N1  - Cited By :4
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: STEVA
C2  - 1480952
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Talbott, E.O.; Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, 130 Desoto Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Air Pollutants, Environmental
N1  - References: Mason, McKay, U.S. Cancer Mortality by County: 1950–1969 (1974) DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 74-615, , U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C; 
Mason, McKay, Hoover, Blot, Fraumeni, Jr., Atlas of Cancer Mortality for U.S. Counties: 1950–1969 (1975) DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 75-780, , U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C; 
Mason, McKay, Hoover, Blot, Fraumeni, Jr., Atlas of Cancer Mortality Among U.S. Nonwhites: 1950–1969 (1975) DHEW Publ. No. (NIH) 76-1204, , U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C; 
Hoover, Fraumeni, Jr., Cancer mortality in U.S. counties with chemical industries (1975) Environ. Res., 9, p. 196; 
Blot, Fraumeni, Jr., Geographic patterns of bladder cancer in the United States (1978) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 61, p. 1017; 
Blot, Brinton, Fraumeni, Jr., Stone, Cancer mortality in U.S. counties with petroleum industries (1977) Science, 198, p. 51; 
Blot, Fraumeni, Jr., Geographic patterns of lung cancer in the United States: Industrial correlations (1976) Am. J. Epidemiol., 103, p. 539; 
Blot, Stone, Fraumeni, Mooris, Cancer mortality in U.S. counties with shipyard industries during World War II (1979) Environ. Res., 18, p. 281; 
Blot, Fraumeni, Jr., Arsenical air pollution and lung cancer (1975) Lancet, 2, p. 142; 
Blot, Fraumeni, Jr., Mason, Developing clues to environmental cancer: a stepwise approach with the use of cancer mortality data (1979) Environ. Health Perspect., 32, pp. 53-58; 
U.S. Census, (1970) Characteristics of the Population, , US Bureau of the Census, Washington DC; 
U.S. Census, (1970) General Social and Economic Characteristics, , US Bureau of the Census, Washington DC; 
De Groot, (1977) Personal Communication to the Director of Program Development, , West Virginia Lung Association, Charleston, West Virginia; 
Hoover, Fraumeni, (1975) Cancer Mortality in U.S. Counties with Chemical Industries, , Epi Branch NCI, Academic Press; 
Blot, Fraumeni, Geographic patterns of bladder cancer in the United States (1978) J. Natl. Cancer. Inst.; 
Bond, Shellenberger, Mortality among a large cohort of chemical manufacturing employees (1985) J. Natl. Cancer Inst.; 
Ott, Carlo, Mortality among employees engages in chemical manufacturing and related activities (1985) Am J Epidemiol; 
Pifer, Hearne, Mortality Study of Men Employed at a Large Chemical Plant, 1972 through 1982 (1985) Chem. Plant Mart.; 
Bond, Austin, Use of population-based tumor registry to estimate cancer incidence among a cohort of chemical workers (1988) J. Occup. Med.; 
Teta, Schnatter, Souley for Epidemiologic Research, 22nd Meeting (1989) Mortality Experience of 88000 Union Carbide Corporation Employees 1974–1983, , Birmingham, Alabama; 
Rinsky, Ott, Ward, Greenburg, Halperin, Leet, Study of mortality among chemical workers in the Kanawha Valley of West Virginia (1988) Am. J. Ind. Med., 13, pp. 429-438
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Time trend and age-period-cohort effects on incidence of esophageal cancer in Connecticut, 1935-89
T2  - Cancer Causes and Control
J2  - Cancer Causes Control
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
SP  - 481
EP  - 492
PY  - 1992
DO  - 10.1007/BF00051361
SN  - 09575243 (ISSN) 
AU  - Zheng, T.
AU  - Mayne, S.T.
AU  - Holford, T.R.
AU  - Boyle, P.
AU  - Liu, W.
AU  - Chen, Y.
AU  - Mador, M.
AU  - Flannery, J.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence pattern of esophageal eancer in Connecticut (USA) during the past decades, and to identify components of birth cohort, period, and age as determinants of the observed time trends by regression modelling. This study is based on all of the esophageal cancer cases reported to the Connecticut Tumor Registry between 1935 and 1989. A total of 6,310 incident cases were included. Results indicate that among males, the overall age-adjusted incidence rate of esophageal cancer increased after 1935 and peaked between 1955 and 1959. Since then, incidence rates have been relatively stable. Among females, the overall esophageal cancer rate has not changed markedly since 1935. Analysis by histologic type indicates that the incidence rate of squamous cell carcinoma has been declining in this population; adenocarcinoma, however, showed a continuous increase. A fivefold increase among males and a threefold increase among females were observed for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus between 1970 and 1989. If cancers of the esophagus and gastric cardia are considered together, the incidence rate of adenocarcinoma exceeds that of squamous cell carcinoma among males during 1985-89. The observed increasing trend for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is mainly from cancers arising in the lower third of the esophagus and primarily among Whites, especially White males. The results from regression modeling indicate that both period and birth cohort may have contributed to the observed increasing trend, and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is likely to increase continuously in this population in the coming years. © 1992 Rapid Communications of Oxford Ltd.
KW  - Age-period-cohort
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - esophageal cancer
KW  - tumor registry
KW  - USA
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - esophagus cancer
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - united states
KW  - Adenocarcinoma
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Connecticut
KW  - Esophageal Neoplasms
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
KW  - Time Factors
PB  - Kluwer Academic Publishers
N1  - Cited By :41
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CCCNE
C2  - 1525329
LA  - English
N1  - References: Blot, W.J., Devesa, S.S., Kneller, R.W., Fraumeni, J.F., Jr, Rising incidence of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia (1991) JAMA, 265, pp. 1287-9; 
Yang, P.C., Davis, S., Incidence of cancer of the esophagus in the US by histologic type (1988) Cancer, 61, pp. 612-7; 
Powell, J., McConkey, C.C., Increasing incidence of adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia and adjacent sites (1990) Br J Cancer, 62, pp. 440-3; 
Levi, F., La Vecchia, C., Te, V.C., Descriptive epidemiology of adenocarcinomas of the cardia and distal stomach in the Swiss Canton of Vaud (1990) Tumori, 76, pp. 167-71; 
Levi, F., La Vecchia, C., Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus in Switzerland (1991) JAMA, 22, p. 2960; 
Hesketh, P.J., Clapp, R.W., Doos, W.G., Splecher, S.J., The increasing frequency of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (1989) Cancer, 64, pp. 526-30; 
Wang, H.H., Antonioli, D.A., Goldman, H., Comparative features of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas: recent changes in type and frequency (1986) Human Pathol, 17, pp. 482-7; 
Kalish, R.J., Clancy, P.E., Orringer, M.B., Appelman, H.D., Clinical, epidemiologic, and morphologic comparison between adenocarcinomas arising in Barrett's esophageal mucosa and in the gastric cardia (1984) Gastroenterology, 86, pp. 461-7; 
Zheng, T., Mayne, S.T., Flannery, J., The time trends of multiple myeloma in Connecticut, 1935–1987 (1992) Int J Cancer, 50, pp. 163-4; 
Zheng T, Mayne ST, Holford TR, Boyle P, Flannery J. Epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Connecticut, 1935–1988. Cancer (in press); (1976) ICD-O, International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, , World Health Organization, 1st edn, WHO, Geneva; 
Holford TR, Zheng T, Mayne ST, McKay LA. Time trends of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: are they real? What do they mean? Cancer Res (in press); Holford, T.R., The estimation of age, period and cohort effects for vital rates (1983) Biometrics, 39, pp. 311-24; 
Holford, T.R., Understanding the effects of age, period, and cohort on incidence and mortality rates (1991) Ann Rev Public Health, 12, pp. 425-57; 
(1987) The GLIM System, Release 3.77, , GLIM Working Party, Numerical Algorithms Group, Ltd, Oxford; 
Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. I. Age-period and age-cohort models (1987) Stats In Med, 6, pp. 449-67; 
Clayton, D., Schifflers, E., Models for temporal variation in cancer rates. II. Age-period and age-cohort models (1987) Stats In Med, 6, pp. 469-81; 
Bosch, A., Frias, Z., Caldwell, W.L., Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (1979) Cancer, 43, pp. 1557-61; 
Webb, J.N., Busuttil, A., Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction (1978) Br J Surg, 65, pp. 475-9; 
Levine, Caroline, D., Thompson, J.J., Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: relationship to Barrett mucosa (1984) Radiology, 150, pp. 305-9; 
Enterline, H., Thompson, J., (1984) Pathology of the Esophagus. Barrett's Metaplasia and Adenocarcinoma, pp. 109-27. , Springer-Verlag Inc., New York; 
Rubio, C.A., Aberg, B., Barrett's mucosa in conjunction with squamous carcinoma of the esophagus (1991) Cancer, 68, pp. 583-6; 
Haggitt, R.C., Tryzelaar, J., Ellis, F.H., Jr, Colcher, H., Adenocarcinoma complicating columnar epithelium-lined (Barrett's) esophagus (1978) Am J Clin Pathol, 70, pp. 1-5; 
Skinner, D.B., Walther, B.C., Riddell, R.H., Barrett's esophagus: comparison of benign and malignant cases (1983) Ann Surg, 198, pp. 554-65; 
Smith, R.L., Boitnott, J.K., Hamilton, S.R., Rogers, E.L., The spectrum of carcinoma arising in Barrett's esophagus (1984) Am J Surg Pathol, 8, pp. 563-73; 
Thompson, J.J., Zinsser, K.R., Enterline, H.T., Barrett's metaplasia and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction (1983) Hum Pathol, 14, pp. 42-61; 
MacDonald, W.C., MacDonald, J.B., Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and/or gastric cardia (1987) Cancer, 60, pp. 1094-8; 
Bennett, J.R., Medical therapy for gastro-oesophageal reflux (1989) Reflux Oesophagitis, pp. 123-41. , T.P.J., Hennessy, A., Cuschieri, J.R., Bennett, Butterworth, London; 
Jamieson, G.G., Duranceau, A., (1988) Gastroesophageal Reflux, , WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA; 
Day, J.P., Richter, J.E., Medical and surgical conditions predisposing to gastroesophageal reflux disease (1990) Gastroenterol Clin N Am, 19, pp. 587-697; 
Wynder, E.L., Mabuchi, K., Etiological and environmenal factors (1973) JAMA, 226, pp. 1546-8; 
(1986) Tobacco Smoking, , International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC Monogr Eval Carginog Risk Chem Humans, Vol. 38, IARC, Lyon, France; 
Day, N.E., Munoz, N., Esophagus, (1982) Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, pp. 596-623. , D., Schottenfeld, J.F., Fraumeni, WB Saunders, Philadelphia, PA; 
Day, N.E., Munoz, N., Ghadirian, P., Epidemiology of esophageal cancer: a review (1982) Epidemiology of Cancer of the Digestive Tract, pp. 21-5. , P., Correa, W., Haenszel, Nijhoff, The Hague; 
Devesa, S.S., Silverman, D.T., Young, J.L., Jr, Cancer incidence and mortality trends among whites in the United States: 1947–84 (1987) JNCI, 79, pp. 701-70; 
Moller, H., Boyle, P., Maisonneuve, P., Changing mortality from esophageal cancer in males in Denmark and other European countries in relation to changing levels of alcohol consumption (1990) Cancer Causes Control, 1, pp. 181-8; 
Mahaney, F.X., Jr, Lung cancer rates in white males levelling off (1992) JNCI, 84, pp. 83-4; 
Ernster, V.L., Women, smoking, cigarette advertising and cancer (1987) Women and Cancer, pp. 217-35. , S.D., Stellman, The Haworth Press, Inc., New York; 
Devesa, S.S., Shaw, G.L., Blot, W.J., Changing patterns of lung cancer incidence by histological type (1991) Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prevent, 1, pp. 29-34; 
Devesa, S.S., Blot, W.J., Fraumeni, J.F., Jr, Declining lung cancer among young men and women in the United States: a cohort analysis (1989) JNCI, 81, pp. 1568-71; 
Auerbach, O., Garfinkel, L., The changing pattern of lung carcinoma (1991) Cancer, 68, pp. 1973-7; 
Tuyns, A.J., Incidence trends of laryngeal cancer in relation to national alcohol and tobacco consumption (1982) Trends in Cancer Incidence: Causes and Practical Implications, pp. 199-214. , K., Magnus, Hemisphere, Washington, DC; 
Roush, G.C., Holford, T.R., Schymura, M.J., Larynx (1987) Cancer Risk and Incidence Trends: The Connecticut Perspective, pp. 173-86. , Hemisphere, Washington, DC; 
(1988) Alcohol Drinking, , International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC Monog Eval Carcinog Risk Chem Humans, Vol. 44, IARC, Lyon, France; 
Pottern, L.M., Morris, L.E., Blot, W.J., Esophageal cancer among Black men in Washington DC. I. Alcohol, tobacco, and other risk factors (1981) JNCI, 67, pp. 777-83; 
Levi, F., Ollyo, J.B., La Vecchia, C., Boyle, P., The consumption of tobacco, alcohol and the risk of adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus (1990) Int J Cancer, 45, pp. 852-4; 
Li, J.Y., Ershow, A.G., Chen, Z.J., A case-control study of cancer of the esophagus and gastric cardia in Linxian (1989) Int J Cancer, 43, pp. 755-61; 
Mayne, S.T., Graham, S., Zheng, T., Dietary retinol: prevention or promotion of carcinogenesis in humans? (1991) Cancer Causes Control, 2, pp. 443-50; 
Tuyns, A.J., Riboli, E., Doornbos, G., Pequignot, G., Diet and esophageal cancer in Calvados (France) (1987) Nutr Cancer, 9, pp. 81-92; 
Decarli, A., Liati, P., Negri, E., Franceschi, S., La Vecchia, C., Vitamin A and other dietary factors in the etiology of esophageal cancer (1987) Nutr Cancer, 10, pp. 29-37; 
Brown, L.M., Blot, W.J., Schuman, S.H., Environmental factors and high risk of esophageal cancer among men in Coastal South Carolina (1988) JNCI, 80, pp. 1620-5; 
Graham, S., Marshall, J., Haughey, B., Nutritional epidemiology of cancer of the esophagus (1990) Am J Epidemiol, 131, pp. 454-67; 
Van Rensberg, S.J., Krukger, E.F., Louw, M.E.J., duPlessis, J.P., Vitamin A status and esophageal cancer risk: epidemiologic and experimental evidence for a positive association (1981) Nutr Rep Int, 24, pp. 1123-31
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026674515&doi=10.1007%2fBF00051361&partnerID=40&md5=2356ddc2ced6edc4949e948e3fd81232
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Age at return marriage and timing of first birth in India's Uttar Pradesh and Kerala states.
T2  - Social biology
J2  - Soc Biol
VL  - 39
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 292
EP  - 298
PY  - 1992
SN  - 0037766X (ISSN) 
AU  - Singh, K.K.
AU  - Suchindran, C.M.
AU  - Singh, V.
AU  - Ramakumar, R.
AD  - Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27516.
AB  - The study investigates the relationship between age at marriage and the length of first birth interval in two states of India: Uttar Pradesh and Kerala. Life tables of first-birth intervals and median first-birth intervals are computed for several subgroups of the study population. Multivariate hazards modelling technique is used to study the net effect of age at marriage, controlling for a multiple of socioeconomic factors. The result shows that the average first-birth interval varies by age at marriage and is much longer in Uttar Pradesh than in Kerala.
Data from the Uttar Pradesh Rural Development and Population Growth Survey in 1978, the Determinants of Fertility Survey in Eastern Uttar Pradesh in 1987, and the 1980 Kerala Fertility Survey were used to examine the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of fertility. Specifically, attention focused on the timing of first births in Uttar Pradesh (UP) and Kerala and its relationship with age at first marriage as well as the determinants of the fertility decline. Controls were indicated for religion (Hindu, Muslim, and Christian), education (illiterate or literate for husband and wife), year of marriage (before or after 1970), work status (working or nonworking), and birth cohort ( or 25 years). Women were grouped into those aged up to 13 years of age, 14-15 years, 16-18 years, and 19 and over years. The mean age at marriage increased by .9 from 1978 to 1987 in UP, which was 2 years lower the mean age at marriage in 1980 in Kerala. In both states, mean age of marriage was lower when both husband and wife had little education, and in Kerala when women married before 1970, were nonworking, and were Muslims. The average time of first birth, without a correction for age at marriage, decreased with the increase in age from preadolescent to postadolescent in both states. The median first birth interval was 2 times as long in UP as in Kerala in every age group. Between 1978 and 1987, the median first birth interval varied by .3 months but was greater than in Kerala by 23.6-23.9 months. The overall mean birth interval in Kerala was 20.3 months. The proportion of women not conceiving within 10 years was 3% in Kerala and 10% in UP. In the proportional hazards models, the relative risk of first birth in 1978 in UP was .38, .60, and .68 for the age at marriage groups 13 years, 14-15 years, and 16-18 years. The relative risk in Kerala as almost the same. A number of reasons were given to explain the average delay in the first birth interval according to age at first marriage and the length of first birth interval. One reason was the joint family system prevalent in rural areas, where marriages are arranged and residence within the joint family limits chances for coitus.
KW  - nuptiality
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - Asia
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - demography
KW  - developing country
KW  - Economic Factors
KW  - employment
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - ethnology
KW  - family planning
KW  - female
KW  - fertility
KW  - Fertility Decline--determinants
KW  - Fertility Measurements
KW  - Fertility Surveys
KW  - First Birth
KW  - human
KW  - India
KW  - information processing
KW  - Interdisciplinary Studies
KW  - labor
KW  - life table
KW  - Life Table Method
KW  - marriage
KW  - Marriage Age
KW  - Marriage Patterns
KW  - Multiregional Analysis
KW  - multivariate analysis
KW  - population
KW  - population and population related phenomena
KW  - population dynamics
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy History
KW  - religion
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - Southern Asia
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Asia
KW  - Birth Intervals
KW  - Demographic Analysis
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Economic Factors
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Fertility Decline--determinants
KW  - Fertility Measurements
KW  - Fertility Surveys
KW  - First Birth
KW  - India
KW  - Interdisciplinary Studies
KW  - Life Table Method
KW  - Marriage
KW  - Marriage Age
KW  - Marriage Patterns
KW  - Multiregional Analysis
KW  - Nuptiality
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Pregnancy History
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Southern Asia
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Birth Intervals
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Employment
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - India
KW  - Labor, Obstetric
KW  - Life Tables
KW  - Marriage
KW  - Multivariate Analysis
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Religion
KW  - Sampling Studies
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :7
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 1340047
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Singh, K.K.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026922143&partnerID=40&md5=491d67b685f816e2d5108f3b69f2f644
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Study on epidemic factors of the decline of cervical cancer mortality in Shandong province
T2  - Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi
J2  - Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
SP  - 202
EP  - 204
PY  - 1992
SN  - 02546450 (ISSN) 
AU  - Li, H.
AD  - Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan.
AB  - It is well known that the decline in the incidence or mortality rates of cervical cancer was very significant in the eighties as compared with in the seventies in China. In Shandong province the mortality of cervical cancer was reduced by 76.3 percent during from 1974 year to 1989 year. According to the survival time of patients with cervical cancer in Cangshan county showed that the decline in the mortalities was due to cut down the incidences of it. A birth cohorts study of mortality of the disease was made in the period time of from 1970 to 1989 in Qixia county. The results of which indicated that the cohorts of women who reached puberty after 1949 have much lower rates of cervical cancer than the cohorts of women who reached sexual maturity before that time. The correlation analysis showed the main reason for the decline was related to the elimination of the venereal diseases by the end of 1964 year. The birth control programme having been carried out since the beginning in the sixties also found in relation to the decline of cervical cancer in the eighties.
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - China
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - factorial analysis
KW  - family planning
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - mortality
KW  - sexually transmitted disease
KW  - uterine cervix tumor
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Cervix Neoplasms
KW  - China
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Factor Analysis, Statistical
KW  - Family Planning
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Sexually Transmitted Diseases
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 1301262
LA  - Chinese
N1  - Correspondence Address: Li, H.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026907550&partnerID=40&md5=cea5fb3fab682e55ead341bbcec22927
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Changing patterns of student nurse recruitment--2.
T2  - Nursing times
J2  - Nurs Times
VL  - 88
IS  - 22
SP  - 39
EP  - 41
PY  - 1992
SN  - 09547762 (ISSN) 
AU  - Hinton, C.
AU  - Martin, J.
AU  - Hall, J.
AB  - In 1970, a study was carried out to assess the type of information provided by schools of nursing to recruit prospective candidates to the profession. A follow-up study in 1980 showed that some response had been made to suggestions about particular types of information that potential recruits required (see Part 1, April 29). This week, in Part 2, the changes that have taken place in information exchange between 1980 and 1990 are assessed.
KW  - adult
KW  - advertizing
KW  - article
KW  - education
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - medical personnel
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - standard
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Advertising
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - School Admission Criteria
KW  - Students, Nursing
N1  - Cited By :2
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 1598300
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hinton, C.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0027127842&partnerID=40&md5=a440ed719f674774f64880ba2f42d08d
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Incidence of disease after vasectomy: A record linkage retrospective cohort study
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - Br. Med. J.
VL  - 304
IS  - 6829
SP  - 743
EP  - 746
PY  - 1992
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Nienhuis, H.
AU  - Goldacre, M.
AU  - Seagroatt, V.
AU  - Gill, L.
AU  - Vessey, M.
AD  - Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Oxford, Oxford 0X3 7LF, United Kingdom
AD  - Dept. of Pub. Hlth. and Primary Care, Radcliffe Infirmary, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6HE, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective - To determine whether vasectomy is associated with an increased risk of several diseases, and in particular testicular cancer, after operation. Design-Retrospective cohort study using linked medical record abstracts. Setting - Six health districts in Oxford region. Subjects - 13246 men aged 25-49 years who had undergone vasectomy between 1970 and 1986, and 22 196 comparison subjects who had been admitted during the same period for one of three specified elective operations, appendicitis, or injuries. Main outcome measures - Hospital admission and death after vasectomy or comparison event. Results - The mean durations of follow up were 6·6 years for men with a vasectomy and 7·5 years for men with a comparison condition. The relative risk of cancer of the testis in the vasectomy cohort (4 cases) compared with that in the other cohorts (17 cases) was 0·46 (95% confidence interval 0·1 to 1·4), that of cancer of the prostate (1 v 5 cases) 0·44 (0·1 to 4·0), and that of myocardial infarction (97 v 226 cases) 1-00 (0·8 to 1·3). There was no evidence of an increase associated with vasectomy in the incidence of a range of other diseases. Conclusion - Vasectomy was not associated with an increased risk of testicular cancer or the other diseases studied. With respect to prostatic cancer, while we found no cause for concern, longer periods of observation on large numbers of men are required.
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - controlled study
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk assessment
KW  - testis cancer
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - vasectomy
KW  - Age Distribution
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Biology
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Cohort Analysis
KW  - Control Groups
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Diseases
KW  - Europe
KW  - Family Planning
KW  - Genitalia
KW  - Genitalia, Male
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Information
KW  - Information Processing
KW  - Male Sterilization
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Northern Europe
KW  - Physiology
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Prostate
KW  - Records
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Sterilization, Sexual
KW  - Studies
KW  - Testis
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Urogenital System
KW  - Vasectomy--side effects
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - England
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Record Linkage
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Myocardial Infarction
KW  - Prostatic Neoplasms
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Risk
KW  - Testicular Neoplasms
KW  - Vasectomy
N1  - Cited By :68
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 1571679
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Goldacre, M.; Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Oxford, Oxford 0X3 7LF, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026586806&partnerID=40&md5=75c231b826e23b03da689b40495017ee
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The incidence of male childhood Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is rising rapidly in The Netherlands
T2  - Diabetologia
J2  - Diabetologia
VL  - 35
IS  - 2
SP  - 139
EP  - 142
PY  - 1992
DO  - 10.1007/BF00402545
SN  - 0012186X (ISSN) 
AU  - Drykoningen, C.E.M.
AU  - Mulder, A.L.M.
AU  - Vaandrager, G.J.
AU  - LaPorte, R.E.
AU  - Bruining, G.J.
AD  - TNO Institute for Preventive Health Care, Leiden, Netherlands
AD  - Department of Paediatrics, Subdivision of Hereditary, Congenital Diseases, Erasmus University and University Hospital, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
AD  - Department of Medical Affairs, National Military Service Medical Examination, Kerkrade, Netherlands
AD  - WHO Collaborating Center for Diabetes Registries Research and Training, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
AB  - This study evaluates the cumulative incidence of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in male army conscripts 0-18 (inclusive) years of age in the Netherlands (birth cohorts) over 10 years. Data from 2136 cases were retrieved from files of the conscript registry of the Royal Dutch Army. Ascertainment was sought by the capture-recapture method, achieving an average ascertainment rate of 89.7%. Poisson regression modelling was used to determine the change in incidence over time. A significant non-linear increase in the incidence of insulin-dependency in the birth cohorts of 1960-1970 was found. The cumulative incidences of the early birth cohorts 1.85/1000 (1960), 1.76/1000 (1961), 1.11/1000 (1962) were considerably lower than of the later birth cohorts 1.96/1000 (1968), 2.11/1000 (1969), 2.12/1000 (1970). Overall the risk of Type 1 diabetes increased on the average 4.4 % with each annual birth cohort. Only for the 1962 birth cohort was a significant dip in the incidence observed. The results indicate a rapidly increasing incidence of diabetes in males in the Netherlands consistent with the concurrent rapid rise in Northern Europe, found in both sexes. © 1992 Springer-Verlag.
KW  - child
KW  - cohort studies
KW  - incidence
KW  - longitudinal studies
KW  - military medicine
KW  - Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - childhood disease
KW  - controlled study
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - military medicine
KW  - priority journal
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - comparative study
KW  - incidence
KW  - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - soldier
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Military Personnel
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PB  - Springer-Verlag
N1  - Cited By :43
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: DBTGA
C2  - 1547917
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Drykoningen, C.E.M.; TNO Institute for Preventive Health Care, Leiden, Netherlands
N1  - References: Dahlquist, G., Blom, L., Holmgren, G., The epidemiology of diabetes in Swedish children 0–14 years — a six year prospective study (1985) Diabetologia, 28, pp. 802-808; 
Joner, G., Søvik, O., Increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus in Norwegian children 0–14 years of age 1973–1982 (1989) Diabetologia, 32, pp. 79-83; 
Reunanen, A., Åkerblom, H.K., Käär, M.L., Prevalence and ten year (1970–1979) incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents in Finland (1982) Acta Pediatr Scand, 71, pp. 893-899; 
Tuomilehto, J., Rewers, M., Reunanen, A., Increasing trend in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in childhood in Finland (1991) Diabetologia, 34, pp. 282-287; 
Secular trends in incidence of childhood insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) in ten countries (1990) Diabetes, 39, pp. 858-864. , Diabetes Epidemiology Research International Group; 
Vaandrager, G.J., Bruining, G.J., Veenhof, F.J., Drayer, N.M., Incidence of childhood diabetes in the Netherlands: a decrease from north to south over North-Western Europe (1984) Diabetologia, 27, pp. 203-206; 
Vaandrager, G.J., Van Ormondt, M., Bruining, G.J., Increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in male army conscripts, aged 18 (1988) Diab Res Clin Practice, 5, p. 634; 
Green, A., Hauge, M., Holm, N.V., Rasch, L.L., Epidemiological studies of diabetes mellitus in Denmark: 1. A case finding method based on the National Service Conscript Registry (1980) Diabetologia, 19, pp. 355-358; 
Green, A., Andersen, P.K., Epidemiological studies of diabetes mellitus in Denmark: 3. Clinical characteristics and incidence of diabetes among males aged 0 to 19 years (1983) Diabetologia, 25, pp. 226-230; 
Death according to causes by death certificates, age and sex, 1940–1980. Annual Reports 1941–1981. Central Office for Statistics, Voorburg, The Netherlands; Vaandrager, G.J., Meijer, W.J., Mortality at onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the young (0–19 years) in the Netherlands 1978–1980 (1987) Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 131, p. 13. , abstract in English; 
Bishop, Y.M.M., Fienberg, S.E., Holland, P.W., (1978) Estimating the size of a closed population. Discrete multivariate analysis, pp. 229-256. , 5th ed, MIT, Cambridge; 
Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1987) Statistical methods in cancer research. Vol. II. The design and analysis of cohort studies, pp. 53-55. , 1 ARC Scientific Publications, no. 82, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon; 
Baker, R.J., Nelder, J.A., (1985) GLIM (Generalized Linear Interactive Modeling), , Royal Statistical Society, London; 
Rewers, M., Stone, R.A., LaPorte, R.E., Poisson regression modelling of temporal trends in incidence of childhood insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania and Wielkopolske, Poland, 1970–1975 (1989) Am J Epidemiol, 129, pp. 569-581; 
Schober, E., Frish, H., Incidence of childhood diabetes in Austria 1979–1984 (1988) Acta Pediatr Scand, 77, pp. 299-302; 
Mølbak, A.G., Nørgaard, K., Christau, B., Kjær, M., Nerup, J., Incidence of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Denmark — evidence of secular trend (1987) Diabetologia, 30, p. 559A; 
Levy-Marchal, C., Papoz, L., de Beaufort, C., Incidence of juvenile Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in France (1990) Diabetologia, 33, pp. 465-469; 
de Beaufort, C.E., Michel, G., Glaesener, G., The incidence of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in subjects aged 0–19 years in Luxembourg: a retrospective study from 1977 to 1986 (1988) Diabetologia, 31, pp. 758-761; 
Patterson, C.C., Smith, P.G., Webb, J., Heasman, M.A., Mann, J.I., Geographical variation in the incidence of diabetes mellitus in Scottish children during the period 1977–1983 (1988) Diab Med, 5, pp. 160-165; 
Serrano Ríos, M., Moy, C.S., Martín Serrano, R., Incidence of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in subjects 0–14 years of age in the Comunidad of Madrid, Spain (1990) Diabetologia, 33, pp. 422-424; 
Burden, A.C., Hearnshaw, J.R., Swift, W.G.F., Childhood diabetes mellitus: an increasing incidence (1989) Diab Med, 6, pp. 334-336; 
Geographic patterns of childhood insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (1988) Diabetes, 37, pp. 8-13. , Diabetes Epidemiology Research International Group; 
Rewers, M., LaPorte, R.E., Walczak, M., Dmochowski, K., Bogaczynska, E., Appearent epidemic of insulin dependent diabetes in Midwestern Poland (1987) Diabetes, 36, pp. 1-14; 
Kurtz, Z., Peckham, C.S., Ades, A.E., Changing prevalence of juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus (1988) Lancet, 2, pp. 88-90; 
Nyström, L., Dahlquist, G., Rewers, M., Wall, S., The Swedish childhood diabetes study. An analysis of the temporal variation in diabetes incidence 1978–1987 (1990) International Journal of Epidemiology, 19, pp. 141-146; 
Reunanen, A., Åkerblom, H.K., A national drug register as a data source in the study of the epidemiology of IDDM children in Finland (1986) Diabetes, 1985, pp. 408-412. , M., Serrano-Rios, P.J., Lefèbvre, Elsevier, Amsterdam
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026810587&doi=10.1007%2fBF00402545&partnerID=40&md5=8979470955c78a6412d3c35b14fe3b68
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Increasing incidence of early onset Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: a study of Danish male birth cohorts
T2  - Diabetologia
J2  - Diabetologia
VL  - 35
IS  - 2
SP  - 178
EP  - 182
PY  - 1992
DO  - 10.1007/BF00402552
SN  - 0012186X (ISSN) 
AU  - Green, A.
AU  - Andersen, P.K.
AU  - Svendsen, A.J.
AU  - Mortensen, K.
AD  - Institute of Clinical Genetics, Odense University, Denmark
AD  - Statistical Research Unit, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
AB  - To provide information of the incidence trends of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus we performed a cohort study of a series of Danish male birth cohorts. All male livebirths in Denmark between 1 January 1949 and 31 December 1964, were investigated regarding the development of Type 1 diabetes during the first 20 years of life using the files of the Danish Conscript Board, supplemented by a search in the Danish National Registry of Deaths. Diagnosis was verified and clinical information obtained from medical records. The material is estimated to be more than 95 % complete. A total of 1705 diabetic subjects were identified of whom 23 were not representative of idiopathic Type 1 diabetes. The cumulative rate of Type 1 diabetes development during the first 20 years of life increased from 2.37 to 2.90 per 1000 for the first eight and last eight birth cohorts, respectively. A log-linear analysis of the incidence revealed significantly increasing incidence rates, independent of age effects, with a maximum in the late 1970's. About 75 % of the cases presented short duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis, and only very few cases were diagnosed incidentally. Cases were diagnosed relatively less frequently during summer months than during winter months. © 1992 Springer-Verlag.
KW  - duration of symptoms
KW  - incidence
KW  - seasonality
KW  - trends
KW  - Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - controlled study
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - seasonal variation
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Denmark
KW  - Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant
KW  - Male
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Seasons
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PB  - Springer-Verlag
N1  - Cited By :49
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: DBTGA
C2  - 1547924
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Green, A.; Institute of Clinical Genetics, Odense UniversityDenmark
N1  - References: Hägglöf, B., Holmgren, G., Wall, S., Incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus among children in a North-Swedish population 1938–1977 (1982) Hum Hered, 32, pp. 408-417; 
Patterson, C.C., Thorogood, M., Smith, P.G., Heasman, M.A., Clarke, J.A., Mann, J.I., Epidemiology of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in Scotland 1968–1976: evidence of an increasing incidence (1983) Diabetologia, 24, pp. 238-243; 
Green, A., Andersen, P.K., Epidemiological studies of diabetes mellitus in Denmark: 3. Clinical characteristics and incidence of diabetes among males aged 0 to 19 years (1983) Diabetologia, 25, pp. 226-230; 
Joner, G., Søvik, O., Increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus in Norwegian children 0–14 years of age 1973–1982 (1989) Diabetologia, 32, pp. 79-83; 
Burden, A.C., Hearnshaw, J.R., Swift, P.G.F., Childhood diabetes mellitus: an increasing incidence (1989) Diab Med, 6, pp. 334-336; 
Nyström, L., Dahlquist, G., Rewers, M., Wall, S., The Swedish Childhood Diabetes Study. An analysis of the temporal variation in diabetes incidence 1978–1987 (1990) International Journal of Epidemiology, 19, pp. 141-146; 
Soltész, G., Madácsy, L., Békefi, D., Dankó, I., Rising incidence of Type 1 diabetes in Hungarian children (1978–1987) (1990) Diabetic Medicine, 7, pp. 111-114. , the Hungarian Child-hood Diabetes Epidemiology Group; 
Tuomilehto, J., Rewers, M., Reunanen, A., Increasing trend in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in childhood in Finland. Analysis of age, calendar time and birth cohort effects during 1965 to 1984 (1991) Diabetologia, 34, pp. 282-287; 
Rewers, M., LaPorte, R.E., Walczak, M., Dmochowski, K., Bogaczynska, E., Apparent epidemic of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Midwestern Poland (1987) Diabetes, 36, pp. 106-113; 
Geographic patterns of childhood insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (1988) Diabetes, 37, pp. 1113-1119. , Diabetes Epidemiology Research International Group; 
Rewers, M., LaPorte, R.E., King, H., Tuomilehto, J., Trends in the prevalence and incidence of diabetes: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in childhood (1988) World Health Statist Quart, 41, pp. 179-189; 
Green, A., Geographical distribution of childhood Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in Europe: The EURODIAB Subarea A Study (1990) Diabetologia, 33, p. A17. , The EURODIAB Subarea A Study Group; 
Green, A., The role of genetic factors in development of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (1990) Human diabetes. Genetic, environmental and autoimmune etiology. Current topics in microbiology and immunology, Vol. 164, pp. 3-16. , S., Bækkeskov, B., Hansen, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York; 
Green, A., Hauge, M., Holm, N.V., Rasch, L.L., Epidemiological studies of diabetes mellitus in Denmark. I. A case finding method based on the National Service Conscript Registry (1980) Diabetologia, 19, pp. 355-358; 
Andersen, P.K., Green, A., Evaluation of estimation bias in an illness-death-emigration model (1985) Scand J Statist, 12, pp. 63-68; 
Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1987) Statistical methods in cancer research, Vol. II. The design and analysis of cohort studies, , IARC, Lyon; 
(1989) GENSTAT 5 Reference Manual, , GENSTAT 5 Committee of the Statistics Department, Rothamstead Experimental Station, Oxford Science Publications, Oxford; 
Christau, B., Kromann, H., Andersen, O.O., Incidence, seasonal and geographic patterns of juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Denmark (1977) Diabetologia, 13, pp. 281-284; 
Sterky, G., Holmgren, G., Gustavson, K.H., The incidence of diabetes mellitus in Swedish children 1970–1975 (1978) Acta Pædiatr Scand, 67, pp. 139-143; 
Gray, R.S., Duncan, L.J.P., Clarke, B.F., Seasonal onset of insulin dependent diabetes in relation to sex and age at onset (1979) Diabetologia, 17, pp. 29-32; 
Durruty, P., Ruiz, F., Garcia de los Rios, M., Age at diagnosis and seasonal variation in the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes in Chile (southern hemisphere) (1979) Diabetologia, 17, pp. 357-360; 
Fishbein, H.A., LaPorte, R.E., Orchard, T.J., Drash, A.L., Kuller, L.H., Wagener, D.K., The Pittsburgh insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus registry: seasonal incidence (1982) Diabetologia, 23, pp. 83-85; 
Gleason, R.E., Kahn, C.B., Funk, I.B., Craighead, J.E., Seasonal incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) in Massachusetts, 1964–1973 (1982) Int J Epidemiol, 11, pp. 39-45; 
Reunanen, A., Åkerblom, H.K., Käär, M-J, Prevalence and ten-year (1970–1979) incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents in Finland (1982) Acta Pædiatr Scand, 71, pp. 893-899; 
Hours, M., Fabry, J., Siemiatycki, J., Francois, R., Diabète insulino-dépendant juvénile. Etude descriptive dans le département du Rhône (1984) Rev Epidém et Santé Publ, 32, pp. 107-112; 
Dahlquist, G., Blom, L., Holmgren, G., The epidemiology of diabetes in Swedish children 0–14 years — a six-year prospective study (1985) Diabetologia, 28, pp. 802-808; 
Schober, E., Frisch, H., Incidence of childhood diabetes mellitus in Austria 1979–1984 (1988) Acta Pædiatr Scand, 77, pp. 299-302; 
Calori, G., Gallus, G., Garancini, P., Repetto, F., Micossi, P., Identification of the cohort of Type 1 diabetes presenting in Lombardy in 1983–1984: a validated assessment (1990) Diab Med, 7, pp. 595-599; 
Serrano Rios, M., Moy, C.S., Serrano, R.M., Incidence of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in subjects 0–14 years of age in the Comunidad of Madrid, Spain (1990) Diabetologia, 33, pp. 422-424; 
Green, A., Borch-Johnsen, K., Andersen, P.K., Relative mortality of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes in Denmark: 1933–1981 (1985) Diabetologia, 28, pp. 339-342; 
Green, A., Svejgaard, A., Platz, P., The genetic susceptibility to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM): combined segregation and linkage analysis (1985) Genet Epidemiol, 2, pp. 1-15; 
Dahlquist, G., Blom, L., Tuvemo, T., Nyström, L., Sandström, A., Wall, S., The Swedish Childhood Diabetes Study-results from a nine year case register and a one year case-referent study indicating that Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is associated with both Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and autoimmune disorders (1989) Diabetologia, 32, pp. 2-6
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026502912&doi=10.1007%2fBF00402552&partnerID=40&md5=923b88a93fcda84bc5168164c3de0860
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Epilepsy in the first 10 years of life: Findings of the child health and education study
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - BR. MED. J.
VL  - 305
IS  - 6858
SP  - 857
EP  - 861
PY  - 1992
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Verity, C.M.
AU  - Ross, E.M.
AU  - Golding, J.
AD  - Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
AB  - Objectives - To identify children with afebrile seizures in a national cohort, classify the seizures, and document progress in the first 10 years of life. Design - Population based birth cohort study. Setting - The child health and education study, which includes 16,004 neonatal survivors (98.5% of infants born in the United Kingdom during one week of April 1970). Subjects - 14,676 children for whom relevant information was available. Main outcome measures - Responses to parental and general practitioner questionnaires and hospital records at 5 and 10 years after birth. Results - 84 children (42 boys, 42 girls) had had one or more afebrile seizure (incidence 5.7/1000). 63 children (31 boys, 32 girls) had epilepsy (incidence 4.3/1000). 49 of 55 children had a second seizure within a year of the first. The commonest seizure types were tonic-clonic (42) and complex partial (25). A greater proportion of children with complex partial seizures had recurrences. Children who had infantile spasms or a mixed seizure disorder had a poor outcome. All six children who died had symptomatic seizures in the first year, but seizures were not the direct cause of death. Conclusions - The results of this study are probably representative of seizure patterns in the general population. Outcome after seizures is determined more by the underlying disease than by the seizures themselves.
KW  - anticonvulsive agent
KW  - article
KW  - childhood disease
KW  - controlled study
KW  - epilepsy
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - patient education
KW  - population research
KW  - priority journal
KW  - school child
KW  - seizure
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Developmental Disabilities
KW  - Epilepsy
KW  - Family Health
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant
KW  - Learning Disorders
KW  - Male
KW  - Recurrence
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :61
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 1384897
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Verity, C.M.; Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026783924&partnerID=40&md5=c1e7a4985367ce743cf0f4c3673c0974
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Childhood cancer, intramuscular vitamin K, and pethidine given during labour
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - BR. MED. J.
VL  - 305
IS  - 6849
SP  - 341
EP  - 346
PY  - 1992
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Golding, J.
AU  - Greenwood, R.
AU  - Birmingham, K.
AU  - Mott, M.
AD  - Institute of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective - To assess unexpected associations between childhood cancer and pethidine given in labour and the neonatal administration of vitamin K that had emerged in a study performed in the 1970 national birth cohort. Design and setting - 195 children with cancer diagnosed in 1971-March 1991 and born in the two major Bristol maternity hospitals in 1965-87 were compared with 558 controls identified from the delivery books for the use of pethidine during labour and administration of vitamin K. Main outcome measures - Odds ratios for cancer in the presence of administration of pethidine or of intramuscular vitamin K. Both logistic regression and Mantel-Haenszel techniques were used for statistical analyses. Results - Children of mothers given pethidine in labour were not at increased risk of cancer (odds ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval 0.7 to 1.5) after allowing for year and hospital of delivery, but there was a significant association (p = 0.002) with intramuscular vitamin K (odds ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 3.0) when compared with oral vitamin K or no vitamin K. There was no significantly increased risk for children who had been given oral vitamin K when compared with no vitamin K (odds ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 0.5 to 2.7). These results could not be accounted for by other factors associated with administration of intramuscular vitamin K, such as type of delivery or admission to a special care baby unit. Conclusions - The only two studies so far to have examined the relation between childhood cancer and intramuscular vitamin K have shown similar results, and the relation is biologically plausible. The prophylactic benefits against haemorrhagic disease are unlikely to exceed the potential adverse effects from intramuscular vitamin K. Since oral vitamin K has major benefits but no obvious adverse effects this could be the prophylaxis of choice.
KW  - castor oil
KW  - cremophor
KW  - pethidine
KW  - phenol
KW  - phytomenadione
KW  - propylene glycol
KW  - vitamin k group
KW  - article
KW  - bleeding
KW  - child
KW  - childhood cancer
KW  - controlled study
KW  - drug administration
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - intramuscular drug administration
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - newborn care
KW  - oral drug administration
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prophylaxis
KW  - vitamin k deficiency
KW  - Administration, Oral
KW  - Analgesia, Obstetrical
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)
KW  - Female
KW  - Hemorrhagic Disease of Newborn
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Injections, Intramuscular
KW  - Labor, Obstetric
KW  - Meperidine
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Vitamin K 1
N1  - Cited By :198
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 1392886
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Golding, J.; Institute of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: castor oil, 8001-79-4; cremophor, 39279-69-1, 51142-51-9; pethidine, 28097-96-3, 50-13-5, 57-42-1; phenol, 108-95-2, 3229-70-7; phytomenadione, 11104-38-4, 84-80-0; propylene glycol, 57-55-6; vitamin K group, 12001-79-5; Meperidine, 57-42-1; Vitamin K 1, 84-80-0
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Risk of second primary cancers after Hodgkin's disease by type of treatment: Analysis of 2846 patients in the British National Lymphoma Investigation
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - BR. MED. J.
VL  - 304
IS  - 6835
SP  - 1137
EP  - 1143
PY  - 1992
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Swerdlow, A.J.
AU  - Douglas, A.J.
AU  - Vaughan Hudson, G.
AU  - Bennett, M.H.
AU  - MacLennan, K.A.
AD  - Epidemiological Monitoring Unit, Department of Epidemiology, School of Hygiene/Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective - To analyse the risk of second primary cancers during long term follow up of patients with Hodgkin's disease. Design - Cohort study. Setting - The British National Lymphoma Investigation (a collaborative group of over 60 participating centres in Britain treating lymphomas). Patients - 2846 patients first treated for Hodgkin's disease during 1970-87, for whom follow up was complete in 99.8%. Main outcome measures - Second primary cancers; uniform pathology reviews confirmed the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease and of second primary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Results - 113 second primary cancers occurred. Relative risk of cancer other than Hodgkin's disease was 2.7 (95% confidence interval 2.3 to 3.3) compared with the general population, with significant risks of leukaemia (16.0 (9.1 to 26.0)); non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (16.8 (9.8 to 26.9)); and cancers of the colon (3.2 (1.4 to 6.2)), lung (3.8 (2.6 to 5.4)), bone (15.1 (1.8 to 54.7)), and thyroid (9.4 (1.1 to 33.9)). Absolute excess risk associated with treatment was greater for solid tumours than for leukaemia and lymphomas. Relative risk of leukaemia increased soon after treatment, reaching a peak after five to nine years. It was increased substantially after chemotherapy (27.9 (12.7 to 52.9)), combined treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy (21.5 (7.9 to 46.8)), and relative to number of courses of chemotherapy but was not significantly increased after radiotherapy (2.5 (0.2 to 14.1)). Relative risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma increased in the first five years after treatment and remained high but showed no clear relation with type or extent of treatment. Relative risk of solid tumours was less raised initially but increased throughout follow up and for lung cancer 10 years or more after entry was 8.3 (4.0 to 15.3). The risk of solid tumours increased after treatments including radiotherapy and after chemotherapy alone. The risk after chemotherapy increased significantly with time since first treatment. Conclusions - The risk of solid cancer, not of leukaemia, is the major long term hazard to treatment for Hodgkin's disease, and this seemed to apply after chemotherapy as well as after radiotherapy. These risks of second cancers are important in choice of treatment and in follow up of patients, but they are small compared with the great improvements in survival which have been brough about by modern therapeutic methods for Hodgkin's disease.
KW  - alkylating agent
KW  - azathioprine
KW  - chlorambucil
KW  - chlormethine
KW  - chlornaphazine
KW  - cyclophosphamide
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - bladder cancer
KW  - cancer chemotherapy
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - hodgkin disease
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk factor
KW  - solid tumor
KW  - survival rate
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Alkylating Agents
KW  - Child
KW  - Chlorambucil
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Hodgkin Disease
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Mechlorethamine
KW  - Neoplasms, Second Primary
KW  - Radiotherapy
KW  - Risk
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :197
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 1392790
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Swerdlow, A.J.; Epidemiological Monitoring Unit, Department of Epidemiology, School of Hygiene/Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: azathioprine, 446-86-6; chlorambucil, 305-03-3; chlormethine, 51-75-2, 55-86-7, 82905-71-3; chlornaphazine, 494-03-1; cyclophosphamide, 50-18-0; Alkylating Agents; Chlorambucil, 305-03-3; Mechlorethamine, 51-75-2
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026560447&partnerID=40&md5=c63783ea43be9dbe152c424da46b60e4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Early gastric cancer: 46 cases treated in one surgical department
T2  - Gut
J2  - Gut
VL  - 33
IS  - 10
SP  - 1318
EP  - 1322
PY  - 1992
DO  - 10.1136/gut.33.10.1318
SN  - 00175749 (ISSN) 
AU  - Sue-Ling, H.M.
AU  - Martin, I.
AU  - Griffith, J.
AU  - Ward, D.C.
AU  - Quirke, P.
AU  - Dixon, M.F.
AU  - Axon, A.T.R.
AU  - McMahon, M.J.
AU  - Johnston, D.
AD  - Department of Surgery, General Infirmary, Leeds LS 1 3EX, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Pathology, General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Gastroenterology, United Kingdom
AB  - Forty six consecutive patients with early gastric cancer were treated between 1970 and 1990. The proportion of cases of early gastric cancer increased significantly (p<0.01) from 1% of all cases in the first five year period to 15% in the last five year period, because of greater awareness of the condition and more widespread use of endoscopy. There were 33 men and 13 women, of median age 69 years (range 38-86). Most patients (91%) presented with symptoms indistinguishable from those of peptic ulceration. The median duration of symptoms was four months (range 0-1-36 months). All 46 patients were treated surgically. Three patients (6.5%) died after operation and a further 10 (22%) suffered postoperative complications. None of the surviving patients has been lost to follow up and 25 have been followed up for a minimum period of five years. Five year survival by life table analysis was 98%. These findings suggest that in Britain in the 1990s, as in Japan, it may be possible to diagnose an increasing proportion of patients with gastric cancer at a relatively early pathological stage, when most patients can be cured by radical surgical resection with lymphadenectomy.
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - clinical article
KW  - differential diagnosis
KW  - early cancer
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - peptic ulcer
KW  - priority journal
KW  - stomach cancer
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Gastrectomy
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Neoplasm Staging
KW  - Postoperative Period
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Stomach Neoplasms
KW  - Survival Rate
PB  - BMJ Publishing Group
N1  - Cited By :107
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: GUTTA
C2  - 1446852
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Johnston, D.; Department of Surgery, General Infirmary, Leeds LS 1 3EX, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026784769&doi=10.1136%2fgut.33.10.1318&partnerID=40&md5=a9322cc0c4ea63b0ff971966f5f7cdec
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Long‐term Results of One‐stage Scrotal Patch Urethroplasty
T2  - British Journal of Urology
J2  - Br. J. Urol.
VL  - 69
IS  - 6
SP  - 621
EP  - 628
PY  - 1992
DO  - 10.1111/j.1464-410X.1992.tb15634.x
SN  - 00071331 (ISSN) 
AU  - ROGERS, H.S.
AU  - McNICHOLAS, T.A.
AU  - BLANDY, J.P.
AD  - Departments of Urology, Royal London Hospital, St Peter's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
AB  - Summary— Of 211 patients with urethral strictures undergoing one‐stage dartos pedicled island patch urethroplasty between 1970 and 1987, 194 have been followed up from 3 to 20 years. There was 1 post‐operative death (from hepatitis). During the period of follow‐up, strictures recurred in 14 patients (7%), some of them as late as 15 years after an apparently successful urethroplasty. Calculi forming on hairs required treatment in 6 patients (3%) and it was necessary to revise a redundant skin pouch in 6. © 1992 British Journal of Urology
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - urethra stricture
KW  - urethroplasty
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Impotence
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Postoperative Complications
KW  - Recurrence
KW  - Reoperation
KW  - Surgical Flaps
KW  - Urethra
KW  - Urethral Stricture
KW  - Urinary Calculi
KW  - Urinary Tract Infections
N1  - Cited By :39
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 1638346
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: BLANDY, J.P.; Department of Urology, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, EI IBB, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Attwater, H.L., The history of urethral stricture (1943) British Journal of Urology, 15, pp. 39-51; 
Berger, B., Sykes, Z., Freedman, M., Patch graft urethroplasty for urethral stricture disease (1976) J. Urol., 115, pp. 681-684; 
Blandy, J.P., Urethral stricture (1980) Postgrad. Med. J., 56, pp. 383-418; 
Blandy, J.P., (1986) Operative Urology, pp. 222-224. , Second edition,. Oxford, Blackwell; 
Blandy, J.P., McDonald, J.H., Heterotopic ossification in uroepithelial regeneration on grafts of ileum and colon (1961) Surg. Forum, 12, pp. 498-500; 
Blandy, J.P., Singh, M., The technique and results of one‐stage island patch urethroplasty (1975) Br. J. Urol., 47, pp. 83-87; 
Blandy, J.P., Singh, M., Tresidder, G.C., Urethroplasty by scrotal flap for long urethral strictures (1968) Br. J. Urol., 40, pp. 261-267; 
Brannan, W., Ochsner, M.G., Fuselier, H.A., Free full thickness skin graft urethroplasty for urethral stricture: experience with 66 patients (1976) J. Urol., 115, pp. 677-680. , et al; 
Browne, D., An operation for hypospadias (1936) Lancet, 1, pp. 141-143; 
Chilton, C.P., Shah, P.J.R., Fowler, C.G., The impact of optical urethrotomy on the management of urethral strictures (1983) Br. J. Urol., 55, pp. 705-710. , et al; 
Colapinto, V., Evans, D.H., Primary carcinoma of the male urethra developing after urethroplasty for stricture (1977) J. Urol., 118, pp. 581-584; 
Duffy, P.G., Ransley, P.G., Malone, P.S., Combined free autologous bladder mucosa/skin tube for urethral reconstruction: an update (1988) Br. J. Urol., 61, pp. 505-506. , et al; 
Gardiner, R.A., Flynn, J.T., Paris, A.M.I., The one‐stage island patch urethroplasty (1978) Br. J. Urol., 50, pp. 575-577. , et al; 
Houston, W., Marjolin's ulcer of urethrostomies and urethroplasty (1987) Br. J. Urol., 59, p. 192; 
Johanson, B., Reconstruction of the male urethra in strictures (1953) Acta Chir. Scand.; 
Johnston, S.R., Bagshaw, H.A., Flynn, J.T., Visual internal urethrotomy (1980) Br. J. Urol., 52, pp. 542-545. , et al; 
Leadbetter, G.W., A simplified urethroplasty for strictures of the bulbous urethra (1960) J. Urol., 83, pp. 54-59; 
Leadbetter, G.W., Leadbetter, W.F., Urethral strictures in male children (1962) J. Urol., 87, pp. 409-415; 
Lipsky, H., The use of split‐skin mesh graft in the management of urethral strictures (1986) Br. J. Urol., 58, pp. 174-177; 
Marion, G., (1936) Traitè d'Urologie, 2, pp. 1110-1118. , Third edition,. Paris, Masson; 
Mundy, A.R., Stephenson, T.P., Pedicled preputial patch urethroplasty (1988) Br. J. Urol., 61, pp. 48-52; 
Orandi, A., One stage urethroplasty (1968) Br. J. Urol., 40, pp. 717-719; 
Orandi, A., One‐stage urethroplasty: 4 year follow‐up (1967) J. Urol., 107, pp. 977-980; 
Quartey, J.K.M., One stage penile/preputial island flap urethroplasty for urethral stricture (1985) J. Urol., 134, pp. 474-475; 
Sachse, H., Zur Behandlung der Harnrohrenstriktur. Die transurethral Schlitzung unter Sicht mit scharfen Schnitt (1974) Fortschr. Med., 92, pp. 12-15; 
Schreiter, F., Mesh‐graft‐Urethroplastik (1984) Aktuel. Urol., 15, pp. 173-179; 
Swinney, J., Urethroplasty: an assessment after seven years' experience (1953) Br. J. Urol., 29, pp. 293-297; 
Szemat‐Nikolajenko, R., Cukier, J., (1978) Valves et diaphragmes congénitaux de l'urètre chez l'homme adulte. (Mémoire pour le titre d'Assistant Etranger), , University of Paris, Faculty of Medicine, Necker; 
Turner‐Warwick, R.T., A technique for posterior urethroplasty (1960) J. Urol., 83, pp. 416-419; 
Yaxley, R.P., One‐stage urethroplasty (1967) Aust. N. Z. J. Surg., 36, pp. 332-336
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026691366&doi=10.1111%2fj.1464-410X.1992.tb15634.x&partnerID=40&md5=d784359c264c069b06337c03fa3db4fd
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The epidemiology of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in england and wales 1970-1989
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Int. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
SP  - 998
EP  - 1006
PY  - 1992
DO  - 10.1093/ije/21.5.998
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Miller, C.
AU  - Farrington, C.P.
AU  - Harbert, K.
AD  - PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, 61 Colin dale Avenue, London, NW9 5EQ, United Kingdom
AB  - Miller C (PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK), Farrington C P and Harbert K. The epidemiology of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in England and Wales 1970-1989. International Journal of Epidemiology 1992; 21: 998-1006. Two hundred and ninety cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) registered in England and Wales from 1970 to 1989 were followed at 6-monthly intervals. Male to female ratio was 2.8:1. Age at onset increased significantly over the period. Measles was recorded for 81% of cases; in nearly half this had occurred under 2 years. Measles vaccine was documented in 20 cases; in 10 measles was also documented and it could not be positively excluded in the remainder. The calculated risk of SSPE following measles was 4.0/100000 cases compared with the risk after vaccine of 0.14/100 000 doses. Measles under 1 year carried a risk 16 times greater than measles over 5 years. There was an excess of cases in third and subsequent children. The incidence was higher in the northwest than in the southeast of the country. Survival time varied from 4 weeks to 16 years and was shorter when measles had occuned over the mean age of 2.5 years. Of the cases 9% had a history of mental retardation before the onset of SSPE. The incidence of SSPE has fallen following the reduction in measles resulting from vaccination. However, because of the median 8-year interval between measles and onset of SSPE, further cases arising from measles during the study period must still be expected, particularly in adolescents. © 1992 International Epidemiological Association.
KW  - measles vaccine
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - measles
KW  - measles vaccination
KW  - onset age
KW  - preschool child
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk
KW  - school child
KW  - subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
KW  - survival time
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Measles
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Wales
N1  - Cited By :87
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 1468866
LA  - English
N1  - References: Dawson, J.R., Cellular inclusions in cerebral lesions of lethargic encephalitis (1933) Am J Path, 9, pp. 7-16; 
Connolly, J., Allen, I., Hurwitz, Millar, L.J., (1967) Measles Virus Antibody and Antigen in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis, 1, pp. 542-615. , Lancet; 
Connolly, J.H., Haire, M., Hadden, D., Measles immunoglobulins in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (1971) Br Med J, 1, pp. 23-25; 
Horta-Barbosa, L., Hamilton, R., Wittig, B., Fucillo, D.A., Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: Isolation of measles virus from a brain biopsy (1969) Nature, 221, p. 974; 
Dick, G., Register of cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (1973) Br Med J, 3, p. 359; 
Dick, G., Register of cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) (1975) Br Med J, 3, p. 238; 
Bellman, M., Dick, G., Register of cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (1977) Br Med J, 1, p. 430; 
Bellman, M., Dick, G., Surveillance of subacute sclerosing panenccphalitis (1980) Br Med J, 281, p. 393; 
Hall, S.M., Glickman, M., The British Paediatric Surveillance Unit (1988) Arch Dis Child, 63, pp. 344-346; 
(1987) Los Angeles, , BDMP PC version, BDMP Statistical Software Inc., 1987; 
Farrington, C.P., Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in England and Wales; transient effects and risk estimates (1991) Stat Med, 10, pp. 1733-1744; 
On the State of the Public Health (1989) London: HMSO, , Annual Report of the Chief Medical Officer of the Department of Health and Social Security; 
Fine, P., Clarkson, J.A., Measles in England and Wales: The impact of the measles vaccine programme on the distribution of immunity in the population (1982) Int J Epidemiol, 11, pp. 15-25; 
(1981) On the State of the Public Health, , Annual Report of the Chief Medical Officer of Health and Social Security for the year, London: HMSO, 1982; 
(1988) On the State of the Public Health, , Annual Report of the Chief Medical Officer of Health and Social Security for the year, London: HMSO, 1989; 
Dick, G., personal communication; Dyken, P., Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Current status. Symposium on pediatric neurology (1985) Neurol Clin, 3, pp. 179-195; 
Halsey, N.A., Modlin, J.F., Jabbour, M.D., Subacute sclerosing panenccphalitis (SSPE): An epidemiological review (1978) Stevens J G, pp. 101-114. , Todara G J, Fox C F (eds). Persistent viruses New York: Academic Press; 
Modlin, M.D., Halsey, N.A., Eddins, D.L., Epidemiology of subacute sclerosing panenccphalitis (1979) J Pediatr, 94, pp. 231-236; 
Dyken, P., Changing character of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in the United States (Review article) (1989) Pediatr Neurol, 5, pp. 339-341; 
Dyken, P.R., Cunningham, S., Ward, C., The changing pattern of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (1989) USA. Proceedings of the 3Rd International Symposium on SSPE, pp. 39-42. , Oct 30-31, Vellore, India; 
Naruszewicz-Lesiuk Wieczorbewicz Iwinska Gut, J.D.M.B.W., (1989) Epidemiology of SSPE in Poland-3Rd Step of Investigations. Proceedings of the 3Rd International Symposium on SSPE, pp. 59-61. , Oct 30-31, Vellore, India; 
Kalbiyc, V., Banu, A., Yavuz, R., Subacute Sclerosing Panenccphalitis in Turkey: Epidemiological features (1988) J Trop Pediatr, 34, pp. 301-305; 
Cemescu, C., St Milea, C., Berbescu, M., SSPE: Some clues to pathogenesis from epidemiological data (1988) Rev Roum Med - Virol, 39, pp. 247-256; 
Schoub, B.D., Johnson, S., McAnerney, J.M., SSPE in the developing world (Letter) (1990) Lancet, 11, p. 1314; 
Handford, S.G., (1991) Begg N T. ‘Cover’ (Cover of Vaccination Evaluated Rapidly): 17. Communicable Disease Report, 1, p. R38; 
Saha, V., John, J., Mukundan, P., High incidence of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in South India (1990) Epidemiol Infect, 94, pp. 151-156; 
HMSO. Series MB 2 (1990) No, p. 15. , Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. Community Disease Statistics 1988. London; 
Kipps, A., Dick, G., Moodie, J.W., Measles and the central nervous system (1983) Lancet, 1, pp. 1406-1409; 
Aaby, P., Bukh, J., Lisse, I.M., Smits, A.J., Risk factors in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: Age and sex-dependent host reactions or intensive exposure? (1984) Rev Inf Die, 6, pp. 239-250; 
(1989) London, , Educational provision for children with special educational needs, Department of Education and Science, January; 
Whitaker, J.N., Sever, J.L., Engel, W.K., Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in only one of identical twins (1972) N Eng J Med, 287, pp. 864-865; 
Dhib-Jalbut, S., Haddad, F.S., Subacute sclerosing panencephahtis in one member of identical twins (1984) Neuropediatrics, 15, pp. 49-51; 
Birth Statistics 1974 (1977) Series FM1, 1. , Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, London: HMSO; 
(1986) Series FM1 No. 15, p. 1988. , Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. Birth Statistics, London: HMSO; 
Ren Wick, J.H., Hypothesis: Anencephaly and spina bifida are usually preventable by avoidance of a specific but unidentified substance present in certain potato tubers (1972) Br J Prevent Soc Med, 26, pp. 67-88; 
Himmelhoch, J., Pincus, J., Tucker, G., Detre, T., Sub-acute encephalitis: Behavioural and Neurological Aspects (1970) Br J Psychiatry, 116, pp. 531-538; 
Salib, E.A., Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) presenting at the age of 21 as a schizophrenia-like state with bizarre dys- morphophobic features (1988) Brj Psychhl, 152, pp. 709-710; 
Duncalf, C.M., Kent, J., Harbord, M., Hicks, E.P., Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis presenting as a schizophreniform psychosis (1989) Br J Psychiatry, 155, pp. 557-559; 
Furby, A., Vallee, L., Rousseaux, M., Rémissions prolongées dansla panencéphalite sclérosante subaigue: 2 cas (1990) Rev Neurol (Paris), 146, pp. 191-195; 
Grenfell, B.T., Erson, R.M., The estimation of age-reiated rates of infection from case notifications and serological data (1985) J Hyg (Cambridge), 95, pp. 419-436; 
Office of Population Censuses and Surveys Community Disease Statistics. Series MB 2, , London: HMSO; 
Lennon, J.L., Black, F.L., Maternally-derived measles immunity in anera of vaccine-protected mothers (1986) J Pediatr, 108, pp. 671-676; 
Jcnks, P.J., Caul, O.E., Roome, A., Maternally-derived measles immunity in children of naturally infected and vaccinated mothers (1988) Epidemiol Infect, 101, pp. 473-476; 
Sanders, R.C., Brian, M., Rongap, A., Et at. High incidence of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in young children in Papua New Guinea (letter) (1990) Med J Aust, 153, p. 740; 
Modlin, J.F., Jabbour, M.D., Witte, J.J., Halsey, N.A., Epidemiologicstudies of measles, measles vaccine, and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (1977) Pediatrics, 4, pp. 505-512; 
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis-United States (1982) MMWR, 31, pp. 585-588. , Center for Disease Control; 
Okuno, Y., Nakao, T., Ishioda, N., Incidence of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis following measles and measles vaccination in Japan (1989) Intj Epidemiol, 18, pp. 684-689; 
Halsey, N.A., Modlin, J.F., Jabbour, J.T., (1980) Am J Epidemiol, 111, pp. 415-424; 
Dick, G., Gay, D., Miller, C., A study of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in general practice (Letter) (1987) J Infect, 15, pp. 282-283
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026440127&doi=10.1093%2fije%2f21.5.998&partnerID=40&md5=66e3844fc7ed8c83199415ec5e796c16
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Treatment of paranasal sinus malignancy: The BCCA experience
T2  - Journal of Otolaryngology
J2  - J. OTOLARYNGOL.
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
SP  - 244
EP  - 248
PY  - 1992
SN  - 03816605 (ISSN) 
AU  - Macnab, T.I.
AU  - Flores, A.D.
AU  - Anderson, D.W.
AD  - Department of Otolaryngology, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
AB  - A retrospective analysis was undertaken of 119 patients treated at the British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA) with a diagnosis of paranasal sinus malignancy. All patients from 1970 to 1987 were included in the review. A comparison is drawn between main treatment modalities, namely primary radiotherapy, primary surgical resection and combined therapy. Clinical characteristics of this relatively rare lesion are elucidated. Recommendations regarding optimal therapy are made on the basis of this data.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - paranasal sinus cancer
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
KW  - British Columbia
KW  - Cancer Care Facilities
KW  - Clinical Protocols
KW  - Combined Modality Therapy
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
KW  - Neoplasm Staging
KW  - Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Radiotherapy
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Survival Rate
KW  - Treatment Outcome
N1  - Cited By :10
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JOTOD
C2  - 1527827
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Anderson, D.W.; Department of Otolaryngology, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026698969&partnerID=40&md5=a16c6a6d5a82279dbbea079a1bec4d0c
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Incidence and prevalence of respiratory tumors in Italy. Estimation from mortality data 
ST  - Incidenza e prevalenza dei tumori respiratori in Italia. Stima dai dati di mortalità.
T2  - Annali dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanita
J2  - Ann Ist Super Sanita
VL  - 28
IS  - 1
SP  - 91
EP  - 105
PY  - 1992
SN  - 00212571 (ISSN) 
AU  - Verdecchia, A.
AU  - Capocaccia, R.
AU  - Chessa, E.
AU  - De Angelis, G.
AU  - Micheli, A.
AU  - Valente, F.
AD  - Laboratorio di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Istitutio Superiore di Sanità, Roma.
AB  - This study estimates the incidence and prevalence of larynx and lung cancers using a mathematical model based on available data on specific mortality and survival. In Italy, larynx and lung cancers account for more than 95% of respiratory cancers. In this paper, estimates of age/sex-specific and age-standardized incidence rates and prevalence are presented for the years 1970 and 1987. Age and birth-cohort effects on incidence are also presented by sex and broad geographical area. The procedure was firstly validated using data from four cancer registries: Varese (Northern Italy), Parma (North-Central Italy), Florence (Central Italy), and Ragusa (Southern Italy). Estimates were then carried out at the national level and for each major geographical area (i.e. North, Center and South). Larynx cancer age-standardized incidence rates increased for men by about 25% from 1970 to 1987. Age-specific rates increased for ages greater than 44 years, but decreased for younger ages. Cohort effects are low for older cohorts; they steeply increase and plateau for the 1900-1905 cohorts, and then peak for the 1930 cohort. The risk for cohorts born after 1930 systematically decreases. We estimated that the 1930 birth cohort has a risk five times higher than the 1890 cohort. For women, the incidence rates increased by about 30% from 1970 to 1987, for all age classes. Cohort effects steadily increase from the 1886 birth cohort to the 1960 cohort. The estimated prevalence between ages 30 and 84 increased from about 24,400 cases in 1970 (23,000 males and 1,400 females) to about 51,400 cases in 1987 (48,600 males and 2,800 females). For men, 42% of the increase can be attributed to an increase in the incidence of the disease; 45% can be attributed to population aging, and only 13% to an increase in the survival probability. Corresponding figures for women are 42%, 48%, and 10%. For lung cancer, we estimated 32,000 incident cases for 1987 (28,000 men and 4,000 women), two times the corresponding figures for 1970 (14,000 men and 2,000 women). Looking at age-adjusted rates, the overall risk of lung cancer increased by about 60% for men and 52% for women during a period of 17 years. Age-specific incidence rates increased proportionally with age for ages greater than 50 years. By contrast, there was a slight but systematic risk reduction in younger age classes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - comparative study
KW  - Europe
KW  - female
KW  - head and neck tumor
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - infant
KW  - Italy
KW  - male
KW  - newborn
KW  - pleura tumor
KW  - preschool child
KW  - prevalence
KW  - respiratory tract tumor
KW  - survival
KW  - theoretical model
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Europe
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Italy
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Models, Theoretical
KW  - Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms
KW  - Pleural Neoplasms
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Respiratory Tract Neoplasms
KW  - Survival Analysis
N1  - Cited By :7
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 1497250
LA  - Italian
N1  - Correspondence Address: Verdecchia, A.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026494591&partnerID=40&md5=af4c9252c236cc4864a942f415d34fda
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Dementia in Melton Mowbray - a validation of earlier findings
T2  - Age and Ageing
J2  - AGE AGEING
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
SP  - 205
EP  - 210
PY  - 1992
SN  - 00020729 (ISSN) 
AU  - Jagger, C.
AU  - Clarke, M.
AU  - Anderson, J.
AU  - Battcock, T.
AD  - Dept.of Epidemiology and Pub.Health, Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, PO Box 65, Leicester LE2 7LX, United Kingdom
AB  - In 1981 a survey of elderly persons aged 75 years and over who belonged to a general practice in Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire found a prevalence of moderate cognitive impairment of 4.7%. The criterion which determined the impairment was a score of 7 or under on the CAPE Information/Orientation (IO) sub-test. The prevalence rate has been considered to be much lower than in some key studies, notably the 13% reported in 1970 from Newcastle upon Tyne. Although rates based on cognitive scales are likely to give different results from those based on diagnostic assessment, the suggestion is that the IO sub-test is an insensitive screening instrument for dementia. Using results on the sensitivity and specificity of the CAPE IO sub-test (cut-point 8/9) to detect moderate or severe dementia as defined by clinical diagnosis using the Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly (CAMDEX) schedule, the adjusted prevalence rates of moderate or severe dementia were found to be 3.4% in 1981 and 5.2% in 1988. Both these figures were lower than the observed rates scoring 8 or under on the IO sub-test, confirming that insensitivity of the IO sub-test was not the reason for the supposed low rate in Melton Mowbray in 1981. As the prevalence of dementia in those aged 75 years and over has been reported by other studies to range from 3% to 24%, it is more likely that high rates are due to screening instruments with low specificity.
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cognitive defect
KW  - dementia
KW  - diagnostic value
KW  - general practice
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - mass screening
KW  - methodology
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Dementia
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Geriatric Assessment
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Neuropsychological Tests
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :8
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AANGA
C2  - 1615784
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Jagger, C.; Dept.of Epidemiology and Pub.Health, Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, PO Box 65, Leicester LE2 7LX, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026589569&partnerID=40&md5=e271869dc528a4e32ca94b0fb9164812
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Epidemiology of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in connecticut 1935‐1988
T2  - Cancer
J2  - Cancer
VL  - 70
IS  - 4
SP  - 840
EP  - 849
PY  - 1992
DO  - 10.1002/1097-0142(19920815)70:4<840::AID-CNCR2820700420>3.0.CO;2-I
SN  - 0008543X (ISSN) 
AU  - Zheng, T.
AU  - Mayne, S.T.
AU  - Boyle, P.
AU  - Holford, T.R.
AU  - Liu, W.L.
AU  - Flannery, J.
AD  - Cancer Prevention Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
AD  - Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
AD  - Department of Health Services, State Department of Health, Hartford, Connecticut, United States
AB  - Background. During the past decades, there have been reports of increases in the incidence and mortality rates due to non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in many parts of the world. The risk factors responsible for the increasing incidence are largely unknown. This study provided an overview of the incidence pattern of NHL in Connecticut and generated hypotheses for additional investigation. Methods. This study was based on all the NHL cases reported to the Connecticut Tumor Registry (CTR) between 1935 and 1988. Crude, age‐adjusted, and age‐specific incidence rates of NHL were calculated for each sex. Age‐adjusted incidence rates were calculated by the direct method standardized to the 1970 United States standard million population. The data are presented by calendar year and cohort year of birth to examine the secular trends and birth cohort effects. Racial information was not coded before 1957 and is of uncertain validity until the early 1970s; therefore, racial analysis was restricted to 1970–1988. Analyses by histologic subtypes and by anatomic sites were restricted to the last 3 decades (1960‐1988) because more accurate classification systems were used during this time. Results. A total of 11,326 newly diagnosed cases of NHL were included in the study. Of them, 5866 (52%) were diagnosed in men and 5460 (48%) were diagnosed in women. The study results indicated that the incidence rate of NHL has been increasing during the past decades for men and women, whites and blacks, nodular NHL and diffuse NHL, disease originating from lymph nodes and disease originating from other sites, and in all age groups, especially the older age groups. Birth cohort examination did not show any indication of a decline or levelling off in incidence rates among recent birth cohorts. Age‐specific incidence rates in both sexes suggested that the rates increase with age, with a sharp increase beginning at 50 years of age and peaking at 80 years of age. Men had a 30% higher incidence rate than women, and whites had approximately 1.5 times the age‐adjusted incidence rate of blacks. Conclusions. The results indicated that the incidence rate of NHL has been increasing in Connecticut during the past decades and is likely to continue to rise in the coming years. Analytical epidemiologic studies are needed to examine the risk factors that might account for the increase in NHL. Cancer 1992; 70:840–849. Copyright © 1992 American Cancer Society
KW  - Connecticut
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - etiology
KW  - non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
KW  - time trend
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - aging
KW  - article
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - cancer mortality
KW  - diet
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - nonhodgkin lymphoma
KW  - priority journal
KW  - race difference
KW  - risk factor
KW  - sex difference
KW  - tumor classification
KW  - ultraviolet radiation
KW  - united states
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Connecticut
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Racial Stocks
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
N1  - Cited By :102
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 1643616
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Zheng, T.; Cancer Prevention Research Unit for Connecticut at Yale, 26 High Street, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, United States
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Heston, JF, Kelly, JAB, Meigs, JW, Flannery, JT, Forty‐five years of cancer incidence in Connecticut 1935–79 (1986) NCJ Monogr, 70, pp. 1-31; 
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Tajima, K, Tominaga, S, Suchi, T, Malignant lymphomas in Japan: epidemiological analysis on adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (1986) Hematol Oncol, 4, pp. 31-44; 
Boring, CC, Squires, TS, Cancer statistics (1991) CA, 41, p. 28; 
Greene, MH, Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and mycosis fungoides (1983) Cancer epidemiology and prevention, pp. 754-778. , Schottenfeld DD, Fraumeni JF Jr., editors., Philadelphia, Saunders; 
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Mann, RB, Jaffe, ES, Berard, CW, Malignant lymphomas: a conceptual understanding of morphologic diversity. A review (1979) Am J Pathol, 94, pp. 105-157; 
Ultmann, JE, Jacobs, RH, The non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (1985) CA, 35, pp. 66-87; 
Cabanillas, F, Chemotherapy as definitive treatment of stage I‐II large cell and diffuse mixed lymphomas (1985) Hematol Oncol, 3, pp. 25-31; 
Richards, MA, Mootoosamy, I, Reznek, RH, Renal involvement in patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: clinical and pathological features in 23 cases (1990) Hematol Oncol, 8, pp. 105-110; 
Reynolds, T, Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma rate climbed rapidly (1991) J Natl Cancer Inst, 83, pp. 232-234; 
Persson, B, Dahlander, AM, Fredriksson, M, Brage, HN, Ohlson, C‐G, Axelson, O, Malignant lymphomas and occupational exposures (1989) Br J Ind Med, 46, pp. 516-520; 
Hardell, L, Eriksson, M, Lenner, P, Lundgren, E, Malignant lymphoma and exposure to chemicals, especially organic solvents, chlorophenols and phenoxy acids: a case‐control study (1981) Br J Cancer, 43, pp. 169-176; 
Zahm, SH, Weisenburger, DD, Babbitt, PA, Saal, RC, Vaught, JB, Cantor, KP, A case‐control study of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and the herbicide 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) in eastern Nebraska (1990) Epidemiology, 1, pp. 349-356; 
Alavanja, MCR, Blair, A, Masters, MN, Cancer mortality in the U (1990) J Natl Cancer Inst, 82, pp. 840-848. , S. flour industry; 
Cartwright, RA, McKinney, PA, O'Brien, C, Richards, IDG, Roberts, B, Lauder, I, Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: case control epidemiological study in Yorkshire (1988) Leuk Res, 12, pp. 81-88; 
Hoar, SK, Blair, A, Frederick, F, Boysen, CD, Robel, RJ, Hoover, R, Agricultural herbicide use and risk of lymphoma and soft‐tissue sarcoma (1986) JAMA, 256, pp. 1141-1147; 
The association of selected cancers with service in the U. S. military in Vietnam: I. non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (1990) Arch Intern Med, 150, pp. 2473-2483; 
Clapp, RW, Cupples, LA, Colton, T, Ozonoff, DM, Cancer surveillance of veterans in Massachusetts, USA, 1982–1988 (1991) Int J Epidemiol, 20, pp. 7-12; 
Lilienfeld, DE, Gallo, MA, 2,4‐D, 2,4,5‐T and 2,3,7,8‐TCDD: an overview (1989) Epidemiol Rev, 11, pp. 28-58; 
Linos, A, Blair, A, Cantor, KP, Burmeister, L, VanLier, S, Gibson, RW, Leukemia and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma among embalmers and funeral directors (1990) J Natl Cancer Inst, 82, pp. 66-67; 
La Vecchia, C, Negri, E, D'Avanzo, B, Franceschi, S, Occupation and lymphoid neoplasms (1989) Int J Cancer, 60, pp. 385-388; 
Persson, B, Dahlander, AM, Fredriksson, M, Brage, HN, Ohlson, C‐G, Axelson, O, Malignant lymphomas and occupational exposures (1989) Br J Ind Med, 46, pp. 516-520; 
Woods, IS, Polissar, L, Severson, RK, Heuser, LS, Kalander, BG, Soft tissue sarcoma and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in relation to phenoxyherbicide and chlorinated phenol exposure in western Washington (1987) J Natl Cancer Inst, 78, pp. 899-910; 
Cunningham, AS, Lymphomas and animal‐protein consumption (1976) Lancet, 2, pp. 1184-1186; 
Franceschi, S, Serraino, D, Carbone, A, Talamini, R, La Vecchia, C, Dietary factors and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case‐control study in the Northeastern part of Italy (1989) Nutr Cancer, 12, pp. 333-341; 
Ross, MH, Bras, G, Tumor incidence patterns and nutrition in the rat (1965) J Nutr, 87, pp. 245-260; 
Fernandes, G, Yunis, EJ, Good, RA, Influence of protein restriction on immune functions in NZB mice (1976) J Immunol, 116, pp. 782-790; 
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Newberne, PM, Dietary fat, immunological response and cancer in rats (1981) Cancer Res, 41, pp. 3783-3785; 
Corman, LC, Effects of specific nutrients on the immune response (1985) Med Clin North Am, 69, pp. 759-791; 
Vitale, JJ, Broitman, SA, Lipids and immune function (1981) Cancer Res, 41, pp. 3706-3710; 
Alexander, M, Newmark, H, Miller, RG, Oral beta‐carotene can increase the number of OKT4+ cells in human blood (1985) Immunol Lett, 9, pp. 221-224; 
Watson, RR, Prabhala, RH, Plezia, PM, Alberts, D, Effect of beta‐carotene on lymphocyte subpopulations in elderly humans: evidence for a dose‐response relationship (1991) Am J Clin Nutr, 53, pp. 90-94; 
Bendich, A, Shapiro, SS, Effect of beta‐carotene and canthaxanthin on the immune responses of the rat (1986) J Nutr, 116, pp. 2254-2262; 
Tomita, Y, Himeno, K, Nomoto, K, Endo, H, Hirohata, T, Augmentation of tumor immunity against syngeneic tumors in mice by beta‐carotene (1987) J Natl Cancer Inst, 78, pp. 679-681; 
Kripke, ML, Effects of UV radiation on tumor immunity (1990) J Natl Cancer Inst, 82, pp. 1392-1396; 
Romerdahl, CA, Donawho, C, Fidler, IJ, Kripke, ML, Effect of ultraviolet‐B radiation on the in vivo growth of murine melanoma cells (1988) Cancer Res, 48, pp. 4007-4010; 
Kripke, ML, Immunologic mechanisms in UV radiation carcinogenesis (1981) Adv Cancer Res, 34, pp. 69-106; 
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Korand, AFC, Dehmei, EM, Kahn, G, Penn, I, Cutaneous complications in immunosuppressed renal homograft recipients (1974) JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 229, pp. 419-424; 
Pearce, NE, Sheppard, RA, Smith, AH, Teague, CA, Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and farming: an expanded case‐control study (1987) Intl Cancer, 39, pp. 155-161; 
White, WS, Kim, C, Kalkwarf, HJ, Bustos, P, Roe, DA, Ultraviolet light‐induced reductions in plasma carotenoid levels (1988) Am J Clin Nutr, 47, pp. 879-883; 
Berne, B, Nilsson, M, Vahlquist, A, UV irradiation and cutaneous vitamin A: an experimental study in rabbit and human skin (1984) J Invest Dermatol, 83, pp. 401-404; 
Berne, B, Vahlquist, A, Fischer, T, Danielson, BG, Berne, C, UV treatment of uraemic pruritus reduces the vitamin A content of skin (1984) Eur J Clin Invest, 14, pp. 203-206; 
Fuller, CJ, Faulkner, H, Roe, DA, Effect of beta‐carotene on the photosuppression of cellular immune function in normal males [abstract] (1991) FASEB J, 5, p. 1323; 
Schoen, DJ, Watson, RR, Prevention of UV irradiation induced suppression of monocyte functions by retinoids and carotenoids in vitro (1988) Photochem Photobiol, 48. , 659–653; 
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Santamaria, L, Bianchi, A, Arnaboldi, A, Andreoni, L, Bermond, P, Chemoprevention of skin cancer by carotenoids (1982) Medecine Biologie Environnement, 10, pp. 359-364; 
Santamaria, L, Bianchi, A, Arnaboldi, A, 8‐Methoxypsoralen photocarcinogenesis and its prevention by dietary carotenoids. Preliminary results (1984) Medecine Biologie Environnement, 12, pp. 531-537; 
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Schmauz, R, Mugerwa, JW, Wright, DH, The distribution of non‐Burkitt, non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas in Uganda in relation to malarial endemicity (1990) Int J Cancer, 45, pp. 650-653
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Postoperative radiotherapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil: Factors influencing survival and time to recurrence
T2  - Acta Oncologica
J2  - Acta Oncol.
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
SP  - 49
EP  - 52
PY  - 1992
DO  - 10.3109/02841869209088265
SN  - 0284186X (ISSN) 
AU  - Kajanti, M.J.
AU  - Holsti, L.R.
AU  - Mäntylä, M.M.
AD  - Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haart-Maninkatu 4, Sf-00290, Helsinki, Finland
AB  - From 1970 to 1988,40 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsillar region were treated with surgery and postoperative split-course radiotherapy. The 5-year survival rate for all the patients was 52.5%; the corresponding figure was 100% in stage I, 75% in stage II, 63% in stage III and 15% in stage IV. The local control rate was 100% in stage I, 89% in stage II, 87% in stage III and 38% in stage IV. In the proportional hazards regression analysis T- and N-category and pretreatment Karnofsky index had the strongest association to survival, whereas T- and N-category and total radiation dose were most strongly associated to time to recurrence. ©1992 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Combined therapy
KW  - Radiotherapy
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Tonsillar carcinoma
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cancer control
KW  - cancer radiotherapy
KW  - cancer recurrence
KW  - cancer staging
KW  - cancer surgery
KW  - cancer survival
KW  - clinical article
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - multimodality cancer therapy
KW  - postoperative period
KW  - priority journal
KW  - radiation dose
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - squamous cell carcinoma
KW  - survival rate
KW  - tonsil carcinoma
KW  - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
KW  - Combined Modality Therapy
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Lymphatic Metastasis
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Neoplasm Metastasis
KW  - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
KW  - Neoplasm Staging
KW  - Radiotherapy
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Tonsillar Neoplasms
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :10
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ACTOE
C2  - 1586505
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kajanti, M.J.; Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haart-maninkatu 4, SF-00290, Helsinki, Finland
N1  - References: TNM-Atlas (1982) Illustrated guide to the classification of malignant tumors, pp. 17-21. , Eds. B Spiessl, O Scheibe, G Wagner. Springer-Ver-lag, New York; 
Holsti, L.R., Mäntylä, M., Split-course versus continuous radiotherapy. Analysis of a randomized trial from 1964 to 1967 (1988) Acta Oncol, 27, pp. 153-161; 
Kajanti, M., Mäntylä, M., Squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsillar region. A retrospective analysis of treatment results (1991) Acta Oncol, 30, pp. 629-633; 
Dixon, W.J., (1988) BMDP Statistical Software 1988, , University of California Press, Berkley, Los Angeles, London; 
Perez, C., Purdy, J., Breaux, B., Ogura, J., Von Essen, S., Carcinoma of the tonsillar fossa: A non-randomized comparison of preoperative radiation and surgery or irradiation alone. Long-term results (1982) Cancer, 50, pp. 2314-2322; 
Barrs, D., DeSanto, L., O'Fallon, W., Squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil and tongue base region (1981) Arch Otolaryngol, 105, pp. 479-485; 
Givens, C., Johns, M., Cantrell, R., (1981) Carcinoma of the tonsil: analysis of 162 cases: Arch Otolaryngol, 107, pp. 730-734; 
Dasmahapatra, K., Mohit-Tabatabai, M., Rush, B., Hill, G., Feuennan, M., Ohanian, M., Cancer of the tonsil. Improved survival with combination therapy (1986) Cancer, 57, pp. 451-455; 
Wong, C., Shun, K., Ang, K., Fletcher, G., Definitive radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsillar fossa (1989) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 16, pp. 657-662; 
Dietz, R., Wilhelm, H., SchatAe, W., Das Tonsillenmalignom. Die Ergebnisse der Kombinationstherapie auf Grund 10-jähriger Erfahrungen (1979) HNO, 27, pp. 308-312; 
Griffin, T., Pajak, T., Gillespie, W.B., Predicting the response of head and neck cancers to radiation therapy with a multi-variate modelling system: an analysis of the RTOG Head and Neck Registry (1984) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 10, pp. 481-487; 
Vikram, B., Strong, E., Shah, J., Spiro, R., Failure in the neck following multimodality treatment for advanced head and neck cancer (1984) Head Neck Surg, 6, pp. 724-729; 
Kajanti, M., Holsti, L.R., Radical surgery and postoperative splitcourse radiotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the mobile tongue: factors influencing local control and the time to recurrence (1991) Radiother Oncol, , Accepted for publication; 
Strong, E., Preoperative radiation and radical neck dissection (1969) Surg Clin North Am, 49, pp. 271-276
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - US and Foreign Born Mexican American Youth: A Socioeconomic Comparison
T2  - International Journal of Adolescence and Youth
J2  - Int. J. Adolesc. Youth
VL  - 3
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 319
EP  - 331
PY  - 1992
DO  - 10.1080/02673843.1992.9747712
SN  - 02673843 (ISSN) 
AU  - Santos, R.
AD  - University of New Mexico, Department of Economics, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
AB  - Mexican Americans represent 12.6 million persons, the largest sub-group of the Hispanic population in the United States. Half of the Mexican American population is under 21 years of age. They encounter difficulties both in school and the labor market; there is a high incidence of non-high school completion and an unfavorable economic status. About a fourth of Mexican American youth are foreign-born and this study compares the socioeconomic characteristics of US-born and foreign-born Mexican Americans. Data from a national longitudinal survey of youth is used to examine how aggregate socioeconomic indicators for Mexican Americans vary by birthplace. Depending on the socioeconomic indicator, the study finds that the problems are often compounded for foreign-born youth; but the unfavorable status of Mexican Americans is not exclusive to the foreign-born. Indeed, one-fifth of the US-born youth fail to complete high school, one-fourth were unemployed, and one-fifth lived in a poverty-income household. Researchers and policy makers will need to give careful attention to the socioeconomic differences between the US-born and foreign-born Mexican Americans, as well as taking into account their gender. © 1992, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
N1  - Cited By :3
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Santos, R.; University of New Mexico, Department of Economics, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
N1  - References: Borus, M.E., (1981) Pathways to the Future 1979., , The Ohio State University, Center for Human Resource Research; Columbus, OH; 
Borus, M.E., Willingness to work among youth (1982) journal of Human Resources, 17, pp. 581-593; 
Borus, M.E., (1983) Tomorrow's Workers., , Lexington, MA; Lexington Books; 
Chapa, J., Questions of Mexican American assimilation: socioeconomic parity or underclass formation? (1988) Public Affairs Comment, 25, pp. 1-14. , University of Texas at Austin, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs; Austin, TX; 
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Crowley, J.E., Chapiro, D., Aspirations and expectations of youth in the United States part 1 (1982) Youth and Society, 13 (4), pp. 391-422; 
Greenwood, M.J., McDowell, J.M., The factor market consequences of US immigration (1986) Journal of Economic Literature, pp. 1738-1772. , 24 December; 
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Rumberger, R.W., Dropping out of high school: the influence of race, sex, and family background (1983) American Educational Research Journal, 20, pp. 199-220; 
Santos, R., (1985) Hispanic Youth: Emerging Workers., , Praeger Publishers; New York; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Secular trends in social class and sex differences in adult height
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Int. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 20
IS  - 4
SP  - 1001
EP  - 1009
PY  - 1991
DO  - 10.1093/ije/20.4.1001
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kuh, D.L.
AU  - Power, C.
AU  - Rodgers, B.
AD  - MRC National Survey of Health and Development, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, 66-72 Gower Street, London WCIE 6EA, United Kingdom
AD  - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London, United Kingdom
AB  - Trends in social class and sex differences in adult mean height in Great Britain since the turn of the century were investigated using data from parents and offspring in the 1946 and 1958 British birth cohort studies (n = 50 000). There has been an increase of 1.09 cm per decade in the mean height of men but only 0.36 cm per decade in the mean height of women. On average men from non-manual origins were 1.97 cm taller than men from manual origins and the figure for women was 1.61 cm. Trends in class differences in height for those born between the beginning of the century and 1958 have been small; fluctuations have occurred over the period but were unsynchronized for men and women. © 1991 International Epidemiological Association.
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - body height
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - demography
KW  - father
KW  - female
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mother
KW  - occupation
KW  - priority journal
KW  - sex difference
KW  - social class
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Occupations
KW  - Sex Characteristics
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - adults' height
KW  - class difference
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - secular trend
KW  - sex difference
KW  - social class
KW  - UK
N1  - Cited By :108
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJEPB
C2  - 1800396
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kuh, D.L.; MRC National Survey of Health and Development, University College and Middlesex School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, 66-72 Gower Street, London WCIE 6EA, United Kingdom
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026358574&doi=10.1093%2fije%2f20.4.1001&partnerID=40&md5=f2304a83e7cdb3b9349f563f986e2c16
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Age and sexual maturity of southern minke whales: a review and some additional analysis
T2  - Report - International Whaling Commission
VL  - 41
SP  - 331
EP  - 337
PY  - 1991
SN  - 
AU  - Kato, H.
AU  - Sakuramoto, K.
AD  - National Research Inst. of Far Seas Fisheries, 5-7-1, Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka 424, Japan
AB  - Published studies related to temporal trends in age at sexual maturity of southern Balaenoptera acutorostrata are reviewed and additional analyses presented that use age data obtained from Japanese commercial whaling operations from 1983/84 to 1986/87 as well as published data. After reviewing the observed trends and biases, the "age-specific' effect which has been an uncertain factor in considering minke whale transition phase data, is examined; no evidence for this bias is found. The observed decline in age at sexual maturity from 12-13 yr in the mid 1940s to 10 yr in the 1955 cohort is real because it is free from possible truncation biases. The decline from 10 yr in 1955 to 7-8 yr in the early 1970 cohorts based on data corrected for truncation biases is also valid. -from Authors
KW  - minke
KW  - sexual maturity
KW  - whale
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - Balaenoptera acutorostrata
N1  - Cited By :6
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026397299&partnerID=40&md5=3dce300793d52950dfca1833def05d59
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Orthotopic liver transplantation at Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge 1968 to 1991.
T2  - Clinical transplants
J2  - Clin Transpl
SP  - 119
EP  - 125
PY  - 1991
SN  - 08909016 (ISSN) 
AU  - Jamieson, N.V.
AU  - Friend, P.J.
AU  - Johnston, P.S.
AU  - Alexander, G.
AU  - Calne, R.
AD  - University of Cambridge, Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, England.
AB  - Liver grafting is now established as the optimal treatment for patients with end-stage parenchymal liver disease. Twenty-three years of experience at a single center is presented. The 1-year actuarial patient survival rate for all cases transplanted in Cambridge has now risen from 10% in 1968 to 1970 to 80% in 1990 to 1991. Increasing numbers of patients are being referred for transplantation with an ever-increasing range of indications being developed. Many inborn errors of metabolism can now be cured by liver grafting. There is still, however, considerable scope for improvement in many areas of patient treatment from operative and postoperative care to long-term immunosuppressive management. Much remains to be done to minimize early sepsis- and rejection-related deaths and late immunosuppression-related morbidity.
KW  - azathioprine
KW  - cyclosporin
KW  - tsukubaenolide
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - comparative study
KW  - cultural factor
KW  - donor
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - graft survival
KW  - hepatic encephalopathy
KW  - human
KW  - immunosuppressive treatment
KW  - infant
KW  - liver transplantation
KW  - male
KW  - methodology
KW  - mortality
KW  - newborn
KW  - postoperative complication
KW  - preschool child
KW  - reoperation
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - survival rate
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Actuarial Analysis
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Azathioprine
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Cross-Cultural Comparison
KW  - Cyclosporine
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Graft Survival
KW  - Hepatic Encephalopathy
KW  - Human
KW  - Immunosuppression
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Liver Transplantation
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Postoperative Complications
KW  - Reoperation
KW  - Survival Rate
KW  - Tacrolimus
KW  - Tissue Donors
N1  - Cited By :4
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 1726459
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Jamieson, N.V.
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: azathioprine, 446-86-6; cyclosporin, 79217-60-0; tsukubaenolide, 104987-11-3; Azathioprine, 446-86-6; Cyclosporine, 59865-13-3; Tacrolimus, 109581-93-3
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026284160&partnerID=40&md5=4bdc135e5d3c44d6503494e34e3c692e
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Disabilities and circumstances of schizophrenic patients--a follow-up study. Comparison of the 1975-85 cohort with the 1970-75 cohort.
T2  - The British journal of psychiatry. Supplement
J2  - Br J Psychiatry Suppl
IS  - 13
SP  - 34
EP  - 36, 44
PY  - 1991
SN  - 09605371 (ISSN) 
AU  - Johnstone, E.C.
AU  - Owens, D.G.
AU  - Leary, J.
AD  - Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex.
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - comparative study
KW  - daily life activity
KW  - day care
KW  - deinstitutionalization
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - hospitalization
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - psychology
KW  - rating scale
KW  - schizophrenia
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Activities of Daily Living
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Day Care
KW  - Deinstitutionalization
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
KW  - Schizophrenia
KW  - Schizophrenic Psychology
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :5
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 1840768
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Johnstone, E.C.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026235526&partnerID=40&md5=62e5142186085f3e70e321bd8a2e7ad7
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Outcome of treatment of first relapse of Hodgkin's disease after primary chemotherapy: Identification of risk factors from the British Columbia experience 1970 to 1988
T2  - Blood
J2  - Blood
VL  - 77
IS  - 10
SP  - 2292
EP  - 2298
PY  - 1991
SN  - 00064971 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lohri, A.
AU  - Barnett, M.
AU  - Fairey, R.N.
AU  - O'Reilly, S.E.
AU  - Phillips, G.L.
AU  - Reece, D.
AU  - Voss, N.
AU  - Connors, J.M.
AD  - Divisions Med. Oncol., Radiat. O., British Columbia Cancer Agency, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
AD  - British Columbia Cancer Agency, 600 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
AB  - The outcome of treatment for a first relapse of Hodgkin's disease after primary chemotherapy was analyzed in 80 patients. They were divided into four groups: group 1 (n = 24) had initially been treated with three cycles of (mechlorethamine, vincristine, prednisone, and procarbazine [MOPP]) and wide-field irradiation therapy; group 2 (n = 25) had six cycles of MOPP; group 3 (n = 15) and group 4 (n = 16) both initially received MOPP/ABVD (MOPP plus doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) or MOPP/ABV hybrid, but group 3 received conventional salvage regimens whereas group 4 was treated with high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation as salvage therapy (n = 16). Freedom from second failure (FF2F) was used as the major endpoint. Actuarial FF2F for all patients was 38% after a median follow-up of 75 months for patients who were alive. Risk factor analysis was performed on the 71 patients who had been treated with curative intent. The presence or absence of any one of three risk factors had a strong negative impact on outcome: stage IV disease at primary diagnosis, B symptoms at relapse, or a time from primary treatment to relapse of less than 1 year. Actuarial FF2F at 5 years was 17% in the group of patients with one or more of these three factors present (n = 49). If none of these factors was present FF2F was 82% (n = 22) (P < .001). Even high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation were not able to overcome the negative impact of one or more risk factors (FF2F = 19%, n = 12). The outcome of salvage treatments depends most on the presence or absence of these three risk factors and less on the type of salvage treatment. Patients with none of these risk factors present have an excellent outcome if they are treated with non-cross-resistant chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, or both. Novel approaches are needed for patients with one or more of these factors present. Reports on salvage treatments for Hodgkin's disease in first relapse after primary chemotherapy should include data on the proportion of patients having stage IV disease at diagnosis, B symptoms at relapse, and a time from primary treatment to relapse of less than 1 year. © 1991 by The American Society of Hematology.
KW  - bleomycin
KW  - chlormethine
KW  - dacarbazine
KW  - doxorubicin
KW  - prednisone
KW  - procarbazine
KW  - vinblastine
KW  - vincristine
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cancer chemotherapy
KW  - cancer recurrence
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - hodgkin disease
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk factor
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
KW  - Bleomycin
KW  - Bone Marrow Transplantation
KW  - British Columbia
KW  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
KW  - Doxorubicin
KW  - Female
KW  - Hodgkin Disease
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Mechlorethamine
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Prednisone
KW  - Procarbazine
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Vinblastine
KW  - Vincristine
N1  - Cited By :93
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BLOOA
C2  - 1709382
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Connors, J.M.; British Columbia Cancer Agency, 600 W 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: bleomycin, 11056-06-7; chlormethine, 51-75-2, 55-86-7, 82905-71-3; dacarbazine, 4342-03-4; doxorubicin, 23214-92-8, 25316-40-9; prednisone, 53-03-2; procarbazine, 366-70-1, 671-16-9; vinblastine, 865-21-4; vincristine, 57-22-7; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bleomycin, 11056-06-7; Doxorubicin, 23214-92-8; Mechlorethamine, 51-75-2; MOPP protocol; MOPP-ABV protocol; Prednisone, 53-03-2; Procarbazine, 671-16-9; Vinblastine, 865-21-4; Vincristine, 57-22-7
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025742897&partnerID=40&md5=f41dc562b91aa515176f6654b7169ef4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Risk of epilepsy after febrile convulsions: A national cohort study
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - BR. MED. J.
VL  - 303
IS  - 6814
SP  - 1373
EP  - 1376
PY  - 1991
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Verity, C.M.
AU  - Golding, J.
AD  - Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective: To identify children with febrile convulsions, classify their febrile convulsions into simple and complex, and determine the number and type of subsequent afebrile seizures in those children. Design: National population based study. Setting: United Kingdom. Subjects: 16004 neonatal survivors born during one week in April 1970. Main outcome measures: Information about febrile and afebrile seizures obtained from questionnaires at 5 and 10 years of age and from hospital records. Results: Information was available for 14676 of the cohort children. 398 (2.7%) of them had had at least one febrile convulsion. 16 children were known to be neurologically or developmentally abnormal before the first attack. Of the remaining 382 children, 305 had had a simple first febrile convulsion and 77 a complex first febrile convulsion. Thirteen of the 382 had had one or more afebrile seizures, nine of whom had developed epilepsy (recurrent afebrile seizures). A higher proportion of children with complex febrile convulsions (6/95) rather than simple febrile convulsions (3/287) developed epilepsy, the risk being highest for those who had had focal febrile convulsions (5/17; χ 2 = 39.9, p &lt; 0.001). Three of the 32 children who had prolonged febrile convulsions developed afebrile complex partial seizures. Conclusions: The risk of epilepsy after febrile convulsions is much less than reported in many hospital studies, and if febrile convulsions cause brain damage that leads to later epilepsy this is a rare occurrence.
KW  - anticonvulsive agent
KW  - article
KW  - brain injury
KW  - child
KW  - epilepsy
KW  - febrile convulsion
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk factor
KW  - seizure
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Epilepsy
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Infant
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Recurrence
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Seizures, Febrile
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :200
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 1760604
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Verity, C.M.; Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025931729&partnerID=40&md5=17faf521f52d14073d4f89f3f852b801
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Physical fitness and all-cause mortality in hypertensive men
T2  - Annals of Medicine
J2  - Ann. Med.
VL  - 23
IS  - 3
SP  - 307
EP  - 312
PY  - 1991
DO  - 10.3109/07853899109148065
SN  - 07853890 (ISSN) 
AU  - Blair, S.N.
AU  - Kohl, H.W.
AU  - Barlow, C.E.
AU  - Gibbons, L.W.
AD  - Institute for Aerobics Research, Dallas, TX, United States
AB  - All-cause death rates in normotensive and hypertensive men were examined across physical fitness levels. Subjects were 10,224 healthy normotensive men and 1,832 men who reported a history of hypertension, but were otherwise healthy. Physical fitness was determined by maximal treadmill exercise testing. Baseline preventive medical examinations were given during 1970-1981, and mortality surveillance was conducted on the cohort through 1985. There were 240 deaths in the normotensive men and 78 deaths in hypertensive men. Age-adjusted all-cause mortality rates per 10,000 man-years of follow-up in normotensive men ranged from 64.0 in the least fit quintile to 18.6 in the most fit quintile. Corresponding rates for hypertensive men were 110.5 to 24.8. Subjects were further classified into lower and higher blood pressure groups by baseline resting systolic blood pressure (< 140 mmHg and ≥ 140 mmHg). Normotensive and hypertensive men who were more fit had lower death rates compared to less fit men within both of the measured blood pressure strata. The relation between fitness and all-cause mortality held in multiple logistic regression analyses after adjustment for the influence of age, serum cholesterol, resting systolic blood pressure, body mass index, current smoking habit, and length of follow-up. We conclude that low levels of physical fitness result in an increased risk for all-cause mortality in normotensive and hypertensive men. © 1991 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Physical fitness
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - conference paper
KW  - controlled study
KW  - fitness
KW  - human
KW  - hypertension
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - normal human
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Adult
KW  - Blood Pressure
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Human
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Physical Fitness
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :47
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ANMDE
C2  - 1930922
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Blair, S.N.; Institute for Aerobics Research, 12330 Preston Road, Dallas, TX, 75230, United States
N1  - References: Paffenbarger, R.S., Jr., Hyde, R.T., Wing, A.L., Hsieh, C.C., Physical activity, all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni (1986) N Engl J Med, 314, pp. 605-613; 
Leon, A.S., Connett, J., Jacobs, D.R., Jr., Rauramaa, R., Leisure-time physical activity levels and risk of coronary heart disease and death (1987) JAMA, 258, pp. 2388-2395; 
Albanes, D., Blair, A., Taylor, P.R., Physical activity and risk of cancer in the NHANES I population (1989) Am J Public Health, 79, pp. 744-750; 
Slattery, M.L., Jacobs, D.R., Jr., Physical fitness and cardiovascular disease mortality: The U.S. Railroad Study (1988) Am J Epidemiol, 127, pp. 571-580; 
Ekelund, L.G., Haskell, W.L., Johnson, J.L., Whaley, F.S., Criqui, M.H., Sheps, D.S., Physical fitness as a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in asymptomatic North American men: The Lipid Research Clinics Mortality Follow-up Study (1988) N Engl J Med, 319, pp. 1379-1384; 
Blair, S.N., Kohl, H.W., III, Paffenbarger, R.S., Jr., Clark, D.G., Cooper, K.H., Gibbons, L.W., Physical fitness and all-cause mortality: a prospective study of healthy men and women (1989) JAMA, 262, pp. 2395-2401; 
Cooper, K.H., Pollock, M.L., Martin, R.P., White, S.R., Linnerud, A.C., Jackson, A., Physical fitness levels vs selected coronary risk factors: a cross-sectional study (1976) JAMA, 236, pp. 116-119; 
Gibbons, L.W., Blair, S.N., Cooper, K.H., Smith, M., Association between coronary heart disease risk factors and physical fitness in healthy adult women (1983) Circulation, 67, pp. 977-983; 
Blair, S.N., Goodyear, N.N., Gibbons, L.W., Cooper, K.H., Physical fitness and incidence of hypertension in healthy normotensive men and women (1984) JAMA, 252, pp. 487-490; 
Balke, B., Ware, R.W., An experimental study of physical fitness in Air Force personnel (1959) US Armed Forces J, 10, pp. 675-688; 
Pollock, M.L., Bohannon, R.L., Cooper, K.H., A comparative analysis of four protocols for maximal treadmill stress testing (1976) Am Heart J, 92, pp. 39-46
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025916369&doi=10.3109%2f07853899109148065&partnerID=40&md5=c3c52d723dd497ef3ab24f5a3279d277
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Temporal trends in chronic obstructive lung disease case fatality in hospitalized US veterans: 1970-1987
T2  - Chest
J2  - CHEST
VL  - 99
IS  - 5
SP  - 1126
EP  - 1133
PY  - 1991
DO  - 10.1378/chest.99.5.1126
SN  - 00123692 (ISSN) 
AU  - Tager, I.B.
AU  - Segal, M.R.
AD  - Information Resources Management Service, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, United States
AB  - Vital statistics data have suggested that age-adjusted mortality from chronic obstructive lung diseases (CLD) is increasing. The present investigation has used the US Veterans Administration (VA) hospital computer database to determine whether trends in CLD case fatality follow trends in CLD population mortality. Data for male patients discharged from 172 VA hospitals from 1970 through 1987 were utilized. Patients were included if they had a CLD as a first-listed hospital discharge diagnosis, did not have any of a number of smoking-related cardiovascular or malignant diseases, and were born in the years 1900 through 1939. While crude case fatality for all CLD increased from 5.2 percent in 1970 to 7.4 percent in 1987, age-adjusted case fatality decreased from a peak of 8.5 percent in 1971 to 5.8 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 5.4 to 6.61 percent) in 1987. This trend was seen for all CLD diagnoses, including asthma. Age-specific case fatality decreased for each successive 5-year birth cohort, and age at death remained relatively constant over the last 14 years of the study. The declining case fatality could not be explained by changes in the ICD coding rubrics. The extent to which case fatality has been declining due to improved treatment and/or cohort-related changes in tobacco smoke exposure could not be determined definitively from the data.
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - chronic obstructive lung disease
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - disease course
KW  - fatality
KW  - human
KW  - mortality
KW  - priority journal
KW  - smoking cessation
N1  - Cited By :7
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CHETB
C2  - 2019167
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025782841&doi=10.1378%2fchest.99.5.1126&partnerID=40&md5=a32ebff3cb7a9db09ceb1e69e53950e7
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Delayed traumatic intracerebral hematoma
T2  - British Journal of Neurosurgery
J2  - Br. J. Neurosurg.
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
SP  - 491
EP  - 498
PY  - 1991
DO  - 10.3109/02688699108998478
SN  - 02688697 (ISSN) 
AU  - Mertol, T.
AU  - Guner, M.
AU  - Acar, U.
AU  - Atabay, H.
AU  - Kirisoglu, U.
AD  - Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Izmir, Turkey
AB  - Although delayed traumatic intracerebral hematomas (DTICHs) have been frequently reported since 1970, the time interval from trauma to hemorrhage and diagnosis has not been well defined. Eight patients with DITCH were found among 1,320 head-injured patients admitted to the neurosurgical service through the emergency department from March 1989 to March 1990. The mean time interval between initial and follow-up CT scan was 22 h. The mean time interval between initial trauma and diagnosis of DITCH was 24 h. One patient was diagnosed incidentally by magnetic resonance imaging. Three patients underwent operation and five patients were managed conservatively. Three patients died, resulting in a case mortality rate of 37.5% The time interval for DTICHs' development and pitfalls in its diagnosis were discussed. © 1991 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Head injury
KW  - Intracerebral hematoma
KW  - Neurologic deterioration
KW  - Trauma
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - brain hematoma
KW  - child
KW  - computer assisted tomography
KW  - female
KW  - head injury
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - neurosurgery
KW  - nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
KW  - preschool child
KW  - school child
KW  - traffic accident
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Case Report
KW  - Cerebral Hemorrhage
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Craniotomy
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Glasgow Coma Scale
KW  - Head Injuries, Closed
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Neurologic Examination
KW  - Postoperative Complications
KW  - Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :14
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJNEE
C2  - 1764231
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Mertol, T.; Department of Neurosurgery, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Tip Fakultesi, Izmir, Turkey
N1  - References: Brown, F.D., Mullan, S., Duda, E.E., Delayed traumatic intracerebral hematomas. Report of three cases (1978) J Neurosurg, 48, pp. 1019-1022; 
Morin, M.A., Pitts, F.W., Delayed apoplexy following head injury (Traumatische Spat-Apoplexie) (1970) J Neurosurg, 33, pp. 542-547; 
Merino-de Villasante, J., Taveras, J.M., Computerized tomography (CT) in acute head trauma (1976) Am J Roentgenol, 126, pp. 765-778; 
Diaz, F.G., Yock, D.H., Larson, D., Tockswold, G.L., Early diagnosis of delayed posttraumatic intracerebral hematomas (1979) J Neurosurg, 50, pp. 17-23; 
Fukamachi, A., Nagaseki, Y., Kohno, K., Wakao, T., The incidence and developmental process of delayed traumatic intracerebral hematomas (1985) Acta Neurochir (Wien), pp. 7435-7439; 
Giannotta, S.L., Weiss, M.H., Pitfalls in the diagnosis of head injury (1982) Clin Neurosurg, 29, pp. 288-299; 
Gudeman, S.K., Ward, J.D., Becker, D.P., Operative treatment in head injury (1982) Clin Neurosurg, 29, pp. 326-345; 
Kaufman, H.H., Moake, J.L., Olson, J.D., Miner, M.E., du Cret, R.P., Pruessner, J.L., Gildewberg, P.L., Delayed and recurrent intracranial hematomas related to disseminated intravascular clotting and fibrinolysis in head injury (1980) Neurosurgery, 7, pp. 445-449; 
Robenson, F.C., Kishore, P.R.S., Miller, J.D., Lipper, M.H., Becker, D.P., The value of serial computerized tomography in the management of severe head injury (1979) Surg Neurol, 12, pp. 161-167; 
Soloniuk, D., Pitts, L.H., Lovely, M., Bartkowski, H., Traumatic intracerebral hematomas: Timing of appearance and indications for operative removal (1986) J Trauma, 26, pp. 787-794; 
Statham, P.F., Johnston, R.A., Macpherson, P., Delayed deterioration in patients with traumatic frontal contusions (1989) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 52, pp. 351-354; 
Bollinger, O., Veber Traumatische spat-Apoplexie. Ein Beitrag zur Letre von der Hirnershütterung (1891) Internationale Beitröge zur wissenschattlichen medizin, Festchriff, Rudolf virchas, 2, pp. 457-470. , A. Hirschwald, Berlin; 
Gudeman, S.K., Kishore, P.R.S., Miller, J.D., Girevendulis, A.K., Lipper, M.H., Becker, D.P., The genesis and significance of delayed traumatic intracerebral hematomas (1979) Neurosurgery, 5, pp. 309-313; 
Dejon, R.N., Delayed traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (1942) Arch Neurol Psychiatry, 48, pp. 257-266; 
Bullock, R., Hannemann, C.D., Murray, L., Teasdale, G.M., Recurrent heomatomas following craniotomy for traumatic intracerebral mass (1990) J Neurosurg, 72, pp. 9-14; 
Andrews, B.T., Management of delayed posttraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (1988) Contemp Neurosurg, 10 (14), pp. 1-6
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026045255&doi=10.3109%2f02688699108998478&partnerID=40&md5=f5e8431b721b7b276a2ed4d7f1fe7aae
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Increasing incidence of coeliac disease in Sweden
T2  - Archives of Disease in Childhood
J2  - ARCH. DIS. CHILD.
VL  - 66
IS  - 5
SP  - 608
EP  - 611
PY  - 1991
DO  - 10.1136/adc.66.5.608
SN  - 00039888 (ISSN) 
AU  - Ascher, H.
AU  - Krantz, I.
AU  - Kristiansson, B.
AD  - Department of Pediatrics I, Gothenburg University, East Hospital, S-416 85 Goteborg, Sweden
AB  - Changes in the incidence of coelic disease was studied among children born in Goteborg, Sweden, between 1970 and 1988. A total of 188 patients with coeliac disease were found. Of these, 83% were less than 2 years old at the time of their first duodenal biopsy and 74% of them have so far been verified according to the criteria of the European Society for Gastroenterology and Nutrition (ESPGAN). The cumulative incidence at 2 years of age/1000 liveborn infants increased significantly from 0.31 in the first birth cohort to 2.93 in the last. This increase could only partly be explained by improvements in detection. Weight for age at diagnosis was generally considerably below the reference value, but was slightly less affected towards the end of the period. The increase in incidence of coeliac disease is the first reported since the middle 1970s and makes the disease one of the most common chronic diseases among Swedish children.
KW  - article
KW  - celiac disease
KW  - child
KW  - duodenum biopsy
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - infant
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - onset age
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Sweden
N1  - Cited By :89
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ADCHA
C2  - 2039251
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Ascher, H.; Department of Pediatrics I, Gothenburg University, East Hospital, S-416 85 Goteborg, Sweden
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025811308&doi=10.1136%2fadc.66.5.608&partnerID=40&md5=9cc6bbff8efb110806f9bd70ccb9e8b8
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Adult personality and psychomotor performance: Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses
T2  - Journals of Gerontology
J2  - J. GERONTOL.
VL  - 46
IS  - 6
SP  - P275
EP  - P284
PY  - 1991
SN  - 00221422 (ISSN) 
AU  - Schaie, K.W.
AU  - Willis, S.L.
AD  - Dpt Human Devel/Family Studies, 110 Henderson Building South, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
AB  - Results are presented from cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of data from the Test of Behavioral Rigidity for 3,442 subjects over the age range from 22 to 84 years. Data are presented on the Behavioral Flexibility, Attitudinal Flexibility, and Social Responsibility questionnaire scales, as well as on performance score measures indexing Associational Flexibility, Instructional Set Flexibility, Copying Speed, and Associational Speed. Data on these scales were obtained for 5 samples examined 7 years apart (1956, 1963, 1970, 1977, and 1984). These data permit analyses of birth cohort differences and rate of change within the same individuals, as well as successive samples drawn from the same cohort over as long as 28-year periods. Results of the analyses confirm the presence of substantial generational differences, with generally only limited change over time within cohorts.
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - aging
KW  - article
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - normal human
KW  - personality
KW  - priority journal
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - social behavior
KW  - united states
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Aging
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Association
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Cohort Effect
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Intelligence
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Personality
KW  - Psychomotor Performance
KW  - Social Responsibility
KW  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
N1  - Cited By :26
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JOGEA
C2  - 1940082
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Schaie, K.W.; Dpt Human Devel/Family Studies, 110 Henderson Building South, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025718935&partnerID=40&md5=eb8d00844a21686e2f8ca075503c4477
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - What Do Graduates Earn? The Starting Salaries and Earnings Prospects of University Graduates 1960–1986
T2  - Higher Education Quarterly
J2  - Higer Educ. Q.
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
SP  - 78
EP  - 90
PY  - 1991
DO  - 10.1111/j.1468-2273.1991.tb01557.x
SN  - 09515224 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bee, M.
AD  - Oxford Polytechnic, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
AB  - This paper examines the long term pattern of starting and early‐career salaries of U.K. university graduates relative to average non‐manual earnings. Salary statistics collected by several university careers services are aggregated to create a new data‐set which records starting salary trends at aggregate, faculty and subject levels, and data from the 1960,1970 and 1980 graduate cohort surveys are used to extend the investigation to later years. Considerable differences in remuneration across subjects are reported but the paper demonstrates that graduate starting salaries, generally, have been substantially below average non‐manual earnings throughout the period since 1960. Further, graduates’ relative position has deteriorated over time: whilst at the start of the period graduates six years into their careers could, in most subjects, expect to earn more than the average non‐manual wage, by the end of the period, this was no longer generally so. The paper offers an explanation of graduate salary trends, viewing these as the result of changing demand and supply forces in the graduate labour market, and it concludes by addressing some of the key policy and planning issues to which an awareness of salary levels is relevant. Copyright © 1991, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
N1  - Cited By :5
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Bee, M.; Oxford Polytechnic, Newcastle UniversityUnited Kingdom
N1  - References: Bee, M., Dolton, P.J., Patterns of Change in U.K. Graduate Unemployment, 1962–87 (1990) Higher Education, 20, pp. 25-45; 
Bee, M., Dolton, P.J., Where Do Graduates Go? The First Destinations of University Graduates 1961–62 to 1986–87 (1990) Studies in Higher Education, 15 (3), pp. 313-329; 
Dolton, P.J., (1989), The Early Careers of 1980 Graduates: Work Histories, Job Tenure, Career Mobility and Occupational Structure, Department of Employment Research Paper, forthcoming; Kelsall, R.K., Poole, A., Kuhn, A., (1970) Six Years After: First Report on a National Follow‐up of Ten Thousand Graduates of British Universities in 1960, , Higher Education Research Unit, Sheffield University; 
Pissarides, C., From School to University: the Demand for Post‐compulsory Education in Britain (1982) The Economic Journal, 92, pp. 654-667; 
Williamson, P., (1981) Early Careers of 1970 Graduates, , Department of Education Research Paper No. 26
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84928832351&doi=10.1111%2fj.1468-2273.1991.tb01557.x&partnerID=40&md5=46d1a315700b7460a8fdebc056aa388f
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Parkinsonism mortality in the US, 1. Time and space distribution
T2  - Acta Neurologica Scandinavica
J2  - Acta Neurol. Scand.
VL  - 84
IS  - 5
SP  - 389
EP  - 397
PY  - 1991
DO  - 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1991.tb04975.x
SN  - 00016314 (ISSN) 
AU  - Treves, T.A.
AU  - Pedro‐Cuesta, J.d.
AD  - Department of Neurology, Ichilov Hospital, Tel-Aviv, Israel
AD  - Unit for Neuroepidemiology and Health Services Research, Huddinge Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
AD  - Department of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III" Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
AB  - ABSTRACT We studied the time‐space variations of mortality for parkinsonism in the US during the periods 1962‐1985 and 1971‐1978 from statistics on primary cause‐of‐death and multiple causes‐of‐death, respectively. Linear regression analysis and a test for significance of spatial clustering were used. For parkinsonism as a primary cause‐of‐death, up to the late 1970's there was a decrease in mortality for the age groups below 75 and stable rates for the age group 75 years and over. A moderate decrease among those below 75 years, and a sharp increase in mortality among those over 74, were observed for the period since the late 1970s. The variation of the age‐specific mortality during the period 1962‐1985 ranged from 100% in the age group 35‐44 years to + 98% in those aged over 84 years. Within the same age group, the variations across time of mortality due to, and related to parkinsonism, for the period 1971‐1978, were similar. In the spatial analysis, an association between mortality related to parkinsonism and geographical latitude was found. We conclude that: 1) parkinsonism at death is widely distributed; 2) the changes across time can not be explained by a reduction in general mortality; 3) improvements in diagnostic ascertainment and reporting among the elderly may have particularly occurred during the last decade; and 4) the disorder has been progressively confined to the elderly by diminishing in the younger birth cohorts. 1991 Blackwell Munksgaard
KW  - death certificate
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - mortality
KW  - pakinsonism
KW  - parkinson's disease
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - parkinson disease
KW  - parkinsonism
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Cluster Analysis
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Parkinson Disease
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :11
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 1776386
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Pedro‐Cuesta, J.d.; Department of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III" Institute of Health, Madrid, 28029, Spain
N1  - References: SCHOENBERG, Environmental risk factors for Parkinson's disease: the epidemiological evidence (1987) Can J Neurol Sci, 14, pp. 407-413; 
WARD, DUVOISIN, INCE, NUTT, ELDRIDGE, R., CALNE, Parkinson's disease in 65 paris of twins and in a set of quadruplets (1983) Neurology, 33 (8), pp. 15-124; 
KURLAND, Epidemiology: incidence, geographic distribution and genetic considerations. (1958) Pathogenesis and treatment of parkinsonism, pp. 5-43. , FIELDS WS,. Springfield, Ill:, CHARLES C THOMAS; 
WILLIAMS, Morbidity and mortality with Parkinsonism (1966) J Neurosurg, pp. 138-145; 
KURLAND, KURTZKE, GOLDBERG, CHOI, WILLIAMS, G., Parkinsonism. (1973) Epidemiology of neurologic and sense organ disorders, pp. 41-63. , KURLAND LT, KURTZKE JF, GOLDBERG ID,. Cambridge:, Harvard University Press; 
LUZ, KURTZKE, Is Parkinson's disease acquired? Evidence from a geographic comparison with multiple sclerosis (1987) Neurology, 37, pp. 467-471; 
KURTZKE, GOLDBERG, Parkinsonism death rates by race, sex, and geography (1988) Neurology, 38, pp. 1558-1561; 
KURTZKE, MURPHY, The changing patterns of death rates in parkinsonism (1990) Neurology, 40, pp. 42-49; 
CHANDRA, V., BHARUCHA, SCHOENBERG, Mortality data for the US for deaths due to and related to twenty neurologic diseases (1984) Neuroepidemiology, 3, pp. 149-168; 
DUVOISIN, SCHWEITZER, Paralysis agitans mortality in England and Wales, 1855‐1962 (1966) Br J Prev Med, 20, pp. 27-33; 
DE PEDRO CUESTA, J., Studies on the prevalence of Paralysis agitans by tracers methodology (1987) Acta Neurol Scand, 75, pp. 1-107; 
NOBREGA, GLATTRE, E., KURLAND, OKAZAKI, H., Comment on the epidemiology of Parkinsonism including prevalence and incidence statistics for Rochester, Minnesota, 1935‐1966. (1969) Progress in neurogenetics, Genetics and epidemiology of Parkinson's disease, pp. 474-485. , BARBEAU A., BRUNETTE JR,. Amsterdam:, Excerpta Medica Foundation; 
Vital Statistics of the U.S. Vol II. Mortality. Part A. Years 1962‐1971, 1973‐1984, , U.S. Dept. of Health Education and Welfare NCHS,. Hyattsville, MD; 
(1968) Eighth Revision International Classification of Diseases, adapted for use in the United States, 1. , U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. NCHS. Public Health Service Publication, No 1693; 
(1986) Transax: The NCHS System for Producing Multiple Cause‐of‐Death Statistics, pp. 4-12. , Vital & Health Statistics. DHHS Publication, No. (PHS) 86‐1322. NCHS. Hyattsville, MD; 
(1987) Population estimates and projections, , U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census,. Series P‐25, No 519 (1974), 917 (1982) and 1008; 
BOGUE, (1985) The population of the United States. Historical Trends and Future Projections, pp. 35-145. , New York:, The Free Press; 
HARADA, H., NISHIKAWA, S., TAKAHASHI, K., Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease in a Japanese city (1983) Arch Neurol, 40, pp. 151-154; 
(1978) Vital Statistics of the United States, 2, pp. 1-4. , Mortality. Part A. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NCHS,. Hyattsville, MD; 
OHNO, Y., AOKI, K., AOKI, N., A test of significance for Geographic Clusters of disease (1979) Int J Epid, 8, pp. 273-281; 
(1985) Statistical Analysis System (SAS). SAS users guide; Statistics, pp. 655-710. , Version 5 Edition,. Cary, North Carolina, SAS Institute Inc; 
HOEHN, YAHR, Parkinsonism: onset, progression and mortality (1967) Neurology, 17, pp. 427-442; 
KESSLER, Epidemiologic studies of Parkinson's disease, III. A community‐based survey (1972) Am J Epidemiol, 96, pp. 242-254; 
MARTTILA, RINNE, Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease in Finland (1976) Acta Neurol Scand, 53, pp. 81-102; 
(1977) Manual of the International Statistical Classification for Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death, Vol 1, 9th revision, p. 429. , Geneva:, WHO; 
GOODMAN, KENNETH, NOLAN, BREGMAN, HINMAN, Mortality data analysis using a multiplecause approach (1982) HAMA, 247, pp. 793-796; 
ISRAEL, ROSENBERG, CURTIN, Analytical potential for multiple cause‐of‐death data (1986) Am J Epidemiol, 124, pp. 161-179; 
MARMOT, Mortality and Parkinson's disease. (1981) Research progress in Parkinson's disease, pp. 9-16. , ROSE FC, CAPILDEO R.,. Kent:, Pitman Medical; 
LI, SWASH, M., ALBERMAN, E., Morbidity and mortality in motor neuron disease: comparison with multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease: age and sex specific rates and cohort analyses (1985) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat, 48, pp. 320-327; 
DE PEDRO‐CUESTA, J., Parkinson's Disease occurrence in Europe (1991) Acta Neurol Scand; 
BLALOCK, (1964) Causal inferences in non‐experimental research, pp. 97-144. , New York:, W. NORTON & CO; 
DE PEDRO‐CUESTA, J., ROSENQVIST, U., Tracers for Paralysis Agitans in epidemiological research, III. Refinement of the model for estimation of the prevalence of the disease (1985) Neuroepidemiology, 4, pp. 176-185; 
DE PEDRO‐CUESTA, J., STAWIARZ, L., Parkinson's disease incidence: magnitude, comparability, time trends (1991) Acta Neurol Scand, 84, pp. 382-388; 
DIAMOND, MARKHAM, Present mortality in Parkinson's disease: the ratio of observed to expected deaths with a method to calculate expected deaths (1976) J Neurol Transm, 38, pp. 259-269; 
FLATEN, Geographical associations between aluminium in drinking water and death rates wit dementia (including Alzheimer's disease), Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Norway (1990) Environmental geochemistry and health, 12, pp. 152-167; 
MILLER, The neurologic content of family practice (1986) Arch Neurol, 43, pp. 286-288; 
KURTZKE, KURLAND, GOLDBERG, CHOI, Multiple Sclerosis. (1973) Epidemiology of neurologic and sense organ disorders, pp. 64-107. , KURLAND LT, KURTZKE JF, GOLDBERG ID,. Cambridge:, Harvard University Press; 
ROTHMAN, (1986) Modern Epidemiology, 1st Ed, pp. 220-226. , Boston:, Little Brown and Co; 
GLAAB, BROWN, (1976) A history of Urban America, p. 121. , New York, Mac Millan Publ Co
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026056044&doi=10.1111%2fj.1600-0404.1991.tb04975.x&partnerID=40&md5=934aac564940fc19f0026eebcc865df4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prevention of coronary heart disease in Finland - application of the population strategy
T2  - Annals of Medicine
J2  - Ann. Med.
VL  - 23
IS  - 6
SP  - 607
EP  - 612
PY  - 1991
DO  - 10.3109/07853899109148092
SN  - 07853890 (ISSN) 
AU  - Salonen, J.T.
AD  - Department of Community Health and General Practice, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
AB  - The North Karelia Project was the first population-based cardiovascular disease prevention programme. Even though it achieved, as compared to the reference population, a sizeable reduction in smoking and small effect in blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels, the effect on coronary and cardiovascular mortality of the programme remains equivocal. This is mainly due to shortcomings in the original study design and unanticipated start of the national decline in coronary mortality at the same time with the programme. North Karelia Project contributed, however, to the initiation of national activities in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. These have produced a favourable trend in lipids in the whole Finnish population. The recommendations and activities by national authorities and organizations have suffered, until recently, from orientation towards screening and individual riskfactors. The success in North Karelia in early 1970's in the reduction of smoking has still not occurred nationally. Further emphasis is needed in the population approach and in the integration of preventive activities into the community and legislation. © 1991 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Health education
KW  - Health promotion
KW  - Health services research
KW  - Population studies
KW  - Primary prevention
KW  - adult
KW  - coronary artery disease
KW  - education
KW  - finland
KW  - health service
KW  - human
KW  - normal human
KW  - population
KW  - priority journal
KW  - review
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cholesterol
KW  - Coronary Disease
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - Human
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Pilot Projects
KW  - Primary Prevention
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smoking
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :10
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ANMDE
C2  - 1777216
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Salonen, J.T.; Department of Community Health and General Practice, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, SF-70211, Kuopio, Finland
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Cholesterol, 57-88-5
N1  - References: Keys, A., (1980) Seven countries–a multivariate analysis of death and coronary heart disease, , Harvard University Press, Cambridge; 
Stamler, J., Shekelle, R., Dietary cholesterol and human coronary heart disease (1988) Arch Pathol Lab Med, 112, pp. 1032-1040; 
Salonen, J.T., Alfthan, G., Huttunen, J.K., Pikkarainen, J., Puska, P., Association between cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction and serum selenium in a matched-pair longitudinal study (1982) Lancet, 2, pp. 175-179; 
Punsar, S., Erämetsä, O., Karvonen, M.J., Ryhänen, A., Hilska, P., Vornamo, H., Coronary heart disease and drinking water (1975) J Chron Dis, 28, pp. 259-287; 
Salonen, J.T., Salonen, R., Korpela, H., Suntioinen, S., Tuomilehto, J., Serum copper and the risk of acute myocardial infarction: a prospective population study in Eastern Finnish men (1991) Am J Epidemiol, 134, pp. 268-276; 
Salonen, J.T., Tuomilehto, J., Nissinen, A., Kaplan, G.A., Puska, P., Contribution of risk factor changes to the decline in coronary incidence during the North Karelia Project: a within-community analysis (1989) Int J Epidemiol, 18, pp. 595-601; 
Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial: risk factor changes and mortality results (1982) JAMA, pp. 1456-1477. , Report of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group; 
Hjerrmann, I., Velve-Byre, K., Holme, I., Leren, P., Effect of diet and smoking intervention on the incidence of coronary heart disease. Report from the Oslo Study Group of a randomized trial in healthy men (1981) Lancet, 2, pp. 1303-1310; 
Multifactorial trial in the prevention of coronary heart disease: 3. Incidence and mortality results (1983) Eur Heart J, 4, pp. 141-147. , WHO European Collaborative Group; 
Salonen, J.T., Puska, P., Kottke, T.E., Tuomilehto, J., Nissinen, A., Decline in mortality from coronary heart disease in Finland from 1969 to 1979 (1983) Br Med J, 296, pp. 1857-1860; 
Salonen, J.T., Did the North Karelia Project reduce coronary mortality? (1987) Lancet, 2, p. 269; 
Tuomilehto, J., Puska, P., Korhonen, H., Trends and determinants of ischaemic heart disease mortality in Finland: with special reference to a possible levelling off in the early 1980s (1989) Int J Epidemiol, 18, pp. S109-SS17; 
Salonen, J.T., Puska, P., A community programme for rehabilitation and secondary prevention for patients with acute myocardial infarction as part of a comprehensive community programme forcontrol of cardiovasculardiseases (North Karelia project) (1980) Scand J Rehab Med, 12, pp. 33-42; 
(1987) Prevention of coronary heart disease in Finland, , Finnish Heart Association, Helsinki; 
Kottke, T.E., Puska, P., Salonen, J.T., Tuomilehto, J., Nissinen, A., Projected effects of high-risk versus population-based prevention strategies in coronary heart disease (1985) Am J Epidemiol, 121, pp. 697-704; 
Cruickshanck, J.M., Thorp, J.M., Zacharias, F.J., Benefits and potential harm of lowering high blood pressure (1989) Lancet, 1, pp. 581-584; 
How far to lower blood pressure (1987) Lancet, 2, pp. 251-252. , Editorial; 
Farnett, L., Mulrow, C.D., Linn, W.D., The J-Curve Phenomenon and the Treatment of Hypertension (1991) JAMA, 265, pp. 489-495; 
Waeber, B., Scherrer, U., Petrillo, A., Are some hypertensive patients overtreated? A prospective study of ambulatory blood pressure recording (1987) Lancet, 2, pp. 732-734; 
Berg, M.-A., Niemensivu, H., Piha, T., Puska, P., (1990) Health behaviour among Finnish adult, , Publications of the National Public Health Institute, B 1/1990, elsinki population–Spring 1989; 
Crouse, J.R., III, Gender, lipoproteins, diet, and cardiovascular risk (1989) Lancet, 1, pp. 318-320; 
Consensus development conference statement: blood cholesterol and coronary heart disease. Academy of Finland, Medical Research Council (1989) Ann Med, 21, pp. 415-424; 
Iso, H., Jacobs, D.R., Jr., Wenthworth, D., Neaton, J.D., Cohen, J., Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the multiple risk factor intervention trial (1989) N Engl J Med, 320, pp. 904-910; 
Committee on Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease: Strategies for coronary heart disease prevention in Finland (in Finnish) (1989) Komiteamietintö, , Valtion painatuskeskus, Helsinki; 
Thom, T.J., International mortality from heart disease: rates and trends (1989) Int J Epidemiol, 18, pp. S20-SS8; 
Pyörälä, K., Salonen, J.T., Valkonen, T., Trends in coronary heart disease mortality and morbidity and related factors in Finland (1985) Cardiology, 72, pp. 35-51; 
Marti, B., Salonen, J.T., Tuomilehto, J., Puska, P.I., 0-year trends in physical activity in the eastern Finnish adult population: relationship to socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics (1988) Acta Med Scand, 224, pp. 195-203; 
Varo, P., Alfthan, G., Ekholm, P., Aro, A., Koivistoinen, P., Selenium intake and serum selenium in Finland: effect of soil fertilization with selenium (1988) Am J Clin Nutr, 48, pp. 324-329; 
Parviainen, M., Salonen, J.T., Vitamin c status of 54-year old Eastern Finnish men throughout the year (1990) Int J vit Nutr Res, 60, pp. 47-51; 
Miettinen, T.A., Huttunen, J.K., Naukkarinen, V., Strandberg, T., Vanhanen, H., Long-term use of probucol in the multifactorial primary prevention of vascular disease (1986) Am J Cardiol, 57, pp. 49H-54H; 
Strandberg, T.E., Salomaa, V., Vanhanen, H., Naukkarinen, V., Sarna, S., Miettinen, T.A., Long-term effects of probucol and beta-blocker treatment in a primary prevention trial of coronary heart disease (1989) Eur Heart J, 10, p. 217. , Abstract (abstract 1096); 
Wilhelmsen, L., Berglund, G., Elmfeldt, D., The multifactor primary prevention trial in Göteborg, Sweden (1986) Eur Heart J, 7, pp. 279-288
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0026339381&doi=10.3109%2f07853899109148092&partnerID=40&md5=0e45433647aa06f1c0b09b6b8ca8b0a2
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Strategy for management of distal ileal Crohn's disease
T2  - British Journal of Surgery
J2  - Br. J. Surg.
VL  - 78
IS  - 6
SP  - 679
EP  - 682
PY  - 1991
DO  - 10.1002/bjs.1800780614
SN  - 00071323 (ISSN) 
AU  - Andrews, H.A.
AU  - Keighley, M.R.B.
AU  - Alexander‐Williams, J.
AU  - Allan, R.N.
AD  - Gastroenterology Unit, General Hospital, Birmingham, B4 6NH, United Kingdom
AB  - We have determined the outcome of a defined policy for the management of distal ileal Crohn's disease using a prospective computer‐based analysis of 139 patients diagnosed between 1970 and 1988 with a mean follow‐up of 10 years. The policy in outline consists of conservative treatment for acute obstructive episodes, resection or strictureplasty for recurrent obstructive episodes, surgical treatment for abscess and fistula formation and specific medical treatment (corticosteroids, immuno‐suppressive therapy or metronidazole) for symptomatic non‐obstructive disease. Twenty‐nine patients had a benign course without resection. The remainder were treated surgically at some time but only 28 of these patients had specific treatment before operation. Thirty‐three needed more than one resection and five needed more than three surgical procedures. Immediate, early or delayed surgical treatment did not affect the reoperation rates or the long‐term outcome. Eleven patients died, ten of causes unrelated to Crohn's disease. Of the 128 living patients, 114 are fit and well, and only two are currently taking specific medication. Fourteen are unwell of whom six either need or have refused further surgery which could restore them to good health. This management policy has achieved excellent long‐term results in nearly all patients, and our findings suggest that the timing of surgery and its nature are more important in determining outcome than specific medical therapy. Copyright © 1991 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - crohn disease
KW  - female
KW  - fistula
KW  - human
KW  - ileum resection
KW  - intestine obstruction
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Crohn Disease
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Ileitis
KW  - Ileum
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Recurrence
KW  - Reoperation
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :31
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 2070232
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Allan, R.N.; Gastroenterology Unit, General Hospital, Birmingham, B4 6NH, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Lennard‐Jones, JE, Stalder, GA, Prognosis after resection of chronic regional ileitis (1967) Gut, 8, pp. 332-336; 
Truelove, SC, Pena, AS, Course and prognosis of Crohn's disease (1976) Gut, 17, pp. 192-201; 
Binder, V, Hendriksen, C, Kreiner, S, Prognosis in Crohn's disease (1985) Gut, 26, pp. 146-150; 
Hellers, G, (1979), Crohn's disease in Stockholm County 1955‐1976. MD Thesis, University of Stockholm, Sweden; Higgens, CS, Allan, RN, Crohn's disease of the distal ileum (1980) Gut, 21, pp. 933-940; 
Andrews, HA, Lewis, P, Allan, RN, Mortality in Crohn's disease ‐ a clinical analysis (1989) Quart J Med, 265, pp. 399-405; 
Sorensen, VZ, Olsen, BG, Binder, V, Life prospects and quality of life in patients with Crohn's disease (1987) Gut, 28, pp. 382-385
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Valve replacement for calcified aortic stenosis in septuagenarians infers normal life-length
T2  - Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal
J2  - Scand. Cardiovasc. J.
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
SP  - 37
EP  - 44
PY  - 1991
DO  - 10.3109/14017439109098081
SN  - 14017431 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lund, O.
AU  - Nielsen, T.T.
AU  - Magnussen, K.
AU  - Pilegaard, H.K.
AU  - Knudsen, M.A.
AD  - Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
AD  - Department of Cardiology, Skejby Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
AB  - Aortic valve replacement because of pure or predominant stenosis was performed in 1970-1986 on 101 patients aged 70-78 years, including 80 in NYHA function class III or IV. There were 16 deaths within 30 days, and coronary artery disease (unby-passed in all but 1 case) was found in 11 of the 13 with autopsy or preoperative arteriography. None of the 12 patients without significant coronary artery disease at angiography died perioperatively, but one of 12 with combined valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting died. Cumulative 1-year survival among the 101 patients/the 85 survivors of the first 30 days and/a normal population matched for sex, age and year of operation was 75/90/96% Corresponding percentages for 5 years were 64/75/77, for 10 years 43/52/52, and for 15 years 35/42/27. Advanced disease with kidney failure or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure >20 mmHg independently increased the overall mortality rate. The linearized rat of cerebral events (haemorrhage, embolism) was 2.7/100 patient years (age-specific background rate 1.6-1.9/100 patient years). The 30-day mortality among septuagenarians was reduced to 3% in 1988-1989 by routine revascularization in significant coronary artery disease. The patients who survived the first 30 days had normal life expectancy. Early operation may further improve the results. © 1991 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Aortic valve stenosis
KW  - Coronary artery disease
KW  - Heart valve replacement
KW  - Old age
KW  - aged
KW  - aorta stenosis
KW  - aorta valve replacement
KW  - article
KW  - cause of death
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - priority journal
KW  - symptom
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Aortic Valve Stenosis
KW  - Calcinosis
KW  - Coronary Artery Bypass
KW  - Coronary Disease
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Heart Valve Prosthesis
KW  - Human
KW  - Life Expectancy
KW  - Male
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :11
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SCJOF
C2  - 2063152
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lund, O.; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Aarhus University HospitalDenmark
N1  - References: Baird, R.J., Lipton, I.H., Labrosse, C.J., An evaluation of the late results of aortic valve repair (1965) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 49, pp. 562-573; 
Bessone, L.N., Pupello, D.F., Hiro, S.P., Lopez-Cuenca, E., Glatterer, M.S., Jr., Ebra, G., Surgical management of aortic valve disease in the elderly: a longitudinal analysis (1988) Ann Thorac Surg, 46, pp. 264-269; 
Block, P.C., Palacios, I.F., Clinical and hemodynamic follow-up after percutaneous aortic valvuloplasty in the elderly (1988) Am J Cardiol, 62, pp. 760-763; 
Borkon, A.M., Soule, L.M., Baughman, K.L., Aortic valve selection in the elderly patient (1988) Ann Thorac Surg, 46, pp. 270-277; 
Bretschneider, H.J., Hübner, G., Knoll, D., Lohr, B., Nordbeck, H., Spieckermann, P.G., Myocardial resistance and tolerance to ischemia: physiological and biochemical basis (1975) J Cardiovasc Surg, 16, pp. 241-260; 
Butchart, E.G., Lewis, P.A., Kulatilake, E.N.P., Breckenridge, I.M., Anticoagulation variability between centres: implications for comparative prosthetic valve assessment (1988) Eur J Cardio-Thorac Surg, 2, pp. 72-81; 
Clark, R.E., Edmunds, L.H., Jr., Cohn, L.H., Miller, D.C., Weisel, R.D., Guidelines for reporting morbidity and mortality after cardiac valvular operations (1988) Eur J Cardio-Thorac Surg, 2, pp. 293-295; 
Copeland, J.G., Griepp, R.B., Stinson, E.B., Shumway, N.E., Isolated aortic valve replacement in patients older than 65 years (1977) JAMA, 237, pp. 1578-1581; 
Cox, D.R., Regression models and life-tables (1972) J R Statist Soc B, 34, pp. 187-220; 
Cribier, A., Savin, T., Saoudi, N., Rocha, P., Berland, J., Letac, B., Percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty of acquired aortic stenosis in elderly patients: an alternative to valve replacement? (1986) Lancet, 1, pp. 63-67; 
Dancy, M., Dawkins, K., Ward, D., Balloon dilatation of the aortic valve: limited success and early restenosis (1988) Br Heart J, 60, pp. 236-239; 
Delany, D.J., Aortography (1980) Cardiac catheterization and cardiography, pp. 197-211. , In: W Grossman, ed. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia; 
Desnoyers, M.R., Isner, J.M., Pandian, N.G., Clinical and noninvasive hemodynamic results after aortic balloon valvuloplasty for aortic stenosis (1988) Am J Cardol, 62, pp. 1078-1084; 
(1985) BMDP statistical software, , In: W D Dixon, ed. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London; 
Grunkemeier, G.L., Thomas, D.R., Starr, A., Statistical considerations in the analysis and reporting of time-related events. Application to analysis of prosthetic valve-related thromboembolism and pacemaker failure (1977) Am J Cardiol, 39, pp. 257-258; 
Hancock, E.W., Aortic stenosis, angina pectoris, and coronary artery disease (1977) Am Heart J, 93, pp. 382-393; 
Leet, E.T., (1980) Statistical methods for survival data analysis., , Lifetime Learning Publications, Belmont, California; 
Letac, B., Cribier, A., Koning, R., Bellefleur, J.-P., Results of percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty in 218 adults with valvular aortic stenosis (1988) Am J Cardiol, 62, pp. 598-605; 
Lund, O., Preoperative risk evaluation and stratification of long-term survival after valve replacement for aortic stenosis. Reasons for earlier operative intervention (1990) Circulation, 82, pp. 124-139; 
Lund, O., Nielsen, T.T., Pilegaard, H.K., Magnussen, K., Knudsen, M.A., The influence of coronary artery disease and bypass grafting on early and late survival after valve replacement for aortic stenosis (1990) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 100, pp. 327-337; 
Lund, O., Pilegaard, H.K., Magnussen, K., Knudsen, M.A., Nielsen, T.T., Albrechtsen, O.K., Long-term prosthesis-related and sudden cardiac-related complications after valve replacement for aortic stenosis (1990) Ann Thorac Surg, 50, pp. 396-406; 
Lund, O., Væth, M., Prediction of late results following valve replacement in aortic valve stenosis. Seventeen years of follow-up examined with the Cox regression analysis (1987) Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 35, pp. 295-303; 
Lytle, B.W., Cosgrove, D.M., Goormastic, M., Loop, F.D., Aortic valve replacement and coronary bypass grafting for patients with aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease: early and late results (1988) Eur Heart J, 9, pp. 143-147; 
Mitchell, R.S., Miller, D.C., Stinson, E.B., Significant patient-related determinants of prosthetic valve performance (1986) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 91, pp. 807-817; 
Nishimura, R.A., Holmes, D.R., Jr., Reeder, G.S., Doppler evaluation of results of percutaneous aortic balloon valvuloplasty in calcific aortic stenosis (1988) Circulation, 78, pp. 791-799; 
Incidence of stroke in Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project. Incidence of stroke in Oxfordshire: first year's experience of a community stroke register (1983) Br Med J, 287, pp. 713-717; 
Preusse, C.J., Gebhard, M.M., Bretschneider, H.J., Myocardial “equilibration processes” and myocardial energy turnover during initiation of artificial cardiac arrest with cardioplegic solution—reasons for a sufficiently long cardioplegic perfusion (1981) Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 29, pp. 71-76; 
Romhilt, D.W., Estes, E.H., Jr, A point-score system for the ECG diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (1968) Am Heart J, 75, pp. 752-758; 
Søndergaard, T., Senn, A., Klinische Erfahrungen mit der Kardioplegie nach Bretschneider (1967) Langenbecks Arch Chir, 319, pp. 661-664
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025756357&doi=10.3109%2f14017439109098081&partnerID=40&md5=bf05f407e43184efb8b0eddc9a319e38
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Comparison of prevalence of depression in mothers of twins and mothers of singletons
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - BR. MED. J.
VL  - 302
IS  - 6781
SP  - 875
EP  - 878
PY  - 1991
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Thorpe, K.
AU  - Golding, J.
AU  - MacGillivray, I.
AU  - Greenwood, R.
AD  - Institute of Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective - To determine whether the apparent additional and exceptional stresses associated with bearing and parenting twins affect the emotional wellbeing of mothers. Setting - Great Britain, 1970-5. Design - Cohort study of 13,135 children born between 4 April and 11 April 1970. Mothers of all children, both singletons and twins, were interviewed by health visitors (providing demographic data) and completed a self report reasure of emotional well-being (the Rutter malaise inventory) when the child was 5 years of age. The malaise scores of mothers of twins were compared with those of all mothers of singletons and then with those of mothers categorised by the age spacing of their children (only one child, widely spaced, or closely spaced), taking account of maternal age, social class, and whether the study child had a disability, by using logistic regression. Subjects - 139 mothers of twins - 122 pairs of twins and 17 twins whose co-twin had died - and 12,573 controls, who were mothers of singletons. Results - A significantly higher proportion of mothers of twins at 5 years had malaise scores indicative of depression than mothers of singletons at the same age. Mothers who had borne twins, one of whom had subsequently died, had the highest malaise scores and were three times more likely than mothers of singletons to experience depression. Both mothers of twin pairs and mothers of singletons closely spaced in age were at significantly higher risk of experiencing depression than mothers of children widely spaced in age or mothers of only one child (p < 0.0001). Odds ratios indicated that the risk of depression in mothers of twins was higher than that in mothers of closely spaced singletons. Conclusion - Mothers of twins are more likely to experience depression. This suggests a relation between the additional and exceptional stresses that twins present and the mother's emotional wellbeing.
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - depression
KW  - emotional stress
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - maternal welfare
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - twins
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Bereavement
KW  - Child Care
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Depression
KW  - Family Characteristics
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Mothers
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Psychological Tests
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Stress, Psychological
KW  - Twins
N1  - Cited By :165
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 2025725
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Thorpe, K.; Institute of Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025852562&partnerID=40&md5=bd454c7e3a33b3c2b4ea479aed8896fe
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mortality in tumors of the cervix and corpus uteri in the Province of Florence in 1985-1987 
ST  - Mortalità per tumori del collo e del corpo dell'utero nella Provincia di Firenze negli anni 1985-1987.
T2  - Epidemiologia e prevenzione
J2  - Epidemiol Prev
VL  - 12
IS  - 45
SP  - 33
EP  - 38
PY  - 1990
SN  - 11209763 (ISSN) 
AU  - Barchielli, A.
AU  - Buiatti, E.
AU  - Carli, S.
AD  - U.O. di Epidemiologia, Centro per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, USL 10/E, Firenze.
AB  - In Florence between 1985 and 1987 two hundred twenty eight women deceased for uterine cancer (ICD-9 code 179, 180, 182); for 79.4% of these the diagnosis reported on the death certificate was "unspecified" cancer of the uterus. Death certificates were cross-checked with the Tuscany Cancer Registry files, with clinical records and with other sanitary archives with the aim of identifying the specific cancer site (cervix/corpus). All deaths before the age 45 were attributed to cervical cancer, but these only represented 6.6% of all subjects deceased for this neoplasia. Age adjusted mortality rates for cervical cancer (0-64 and 0-74 years) were then estimated; in Florence these are low compared to other European and Italian areas, while those from corpus uteri are ranked in an intermediate position. These data are consistent with the incidence rates as given by the Cancer Registry, and may be associated with the existence of a population screening for cervical cancer in the area, which exists since 1970, addressed to women aged 18-60 with a compliance of approximately 50%.
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - comparative study
KW  - death certificate
KW  - Denmark
KW  - female
KW  - Finland
KW  - human
KW  - Italy
KW  - mortality
KW  - Spain
KW  - Sweden
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - uterine cervix tumor
KW  - uterus cancer
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Cervix Neoplasms
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Death Certificates
KW  - Denmark
KW  - England
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - Human
KW  - Italy
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Spain
KW  - Sweden
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Uterine Neoplasms
N1  - Cited By :1
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 2151325
LA  - Italian
N1  - Correspondence Address: Barchielli, A.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025560343&partnerID=40&md5=a6c5fc1e3a6716ea174e26e00e24fe8d
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Leukaemia complicating treatment for Hodgkin's disease: The experience of the British National lymphoma investigation
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - Br. Med. J.
VL  - 301
IS  - 6760
SP  - 1077
EP  - 1080
PY  - 1990
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Devereux, S.
AU  - Selassie, T.G.
AU  - Hudson, G.V.
AU  - Hudson, B.V.
AU  - Linch, D.C.
AD  - Kent and Canterbury Hospital, Canterbury CT1 3NG, United Kingdom
AD  - University of Kent at Canterbury, Canterbury CT2 7NL, United Kingdom
AD  - Brit. Natl. Lymphoma Investigation, Department of Oncology, Univ. Coll. and Middx. Sch. of Med., London W1N 8AA, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Haematology, Univ. Coll. and Middx. Sch. of Med., London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom
AB  - Objective - To determine the incidence of and risk factors for the development of secondary acute leukaemia and myelodysplasia in patients treated in British National Lymphoma Investigation's studies of Hodgkin's disease since 1970. Patients - 2676 Patients entered into Hodgkin's disease studies between February 1970 and November 1986. Data accrued up to November 1988 were analysed, ensuring a minimum follow up period of two years. Design - Retrospective analysis of multicentre trial data by case-control and life table methods. Results - 17 Cases of secondary leukaemia were recorded in this group of 2676 patients, giving an overall risk at 15 years of 1·7%. The risks of leukaemia after chemotherapy alone and chemotherapy with radiotherapy were not significantly different. The risk of leukaemia increased sharply with the amount of treatment given as measured by the number of attempts at treatment. The 15 year risks of leukaemia were 0·2%, 2·3%, and 8·1% for patients receiving one, two, or three or more attempts at treatment. The highest risk, 22·8% at 15 years, was observed in patients treated with lomustine (CCNU), and a case-control study suggested that this was an independent risk factor. The risk of secondary leukaemia was largely related to the overall quantity of treatment, although exposure to lomustine seemed to be an important risk factor. Treatment with both drugs and radiation was not more leukaemogenic than treatment with drugs alone. The greatest risk of secondary leukaemia was seen in multiply treated patients who were unlikely to be cured of Hodgkin's disease. Conclusions - Avoidance of secondary leukaemia should be a minor factor in the choice of treatment for Hodgkin's disease.
KW  - bleomycin
KW  - carmustine
KW  - chlorambucil
KW  - chlormethine
KW  - cytarabine
KW  - doxorubicin
KW  - etoposide
KW  - lomustine
KW  - melphalan
KW  - prednisolone
KW  - procarbazine
KW  - vinblastine
KW  - vincristine
KW  - article
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - hodgkin disease
KW  - human
KW  - leukemia
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - retrospective study
KW  - Acute Disease
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Combined Modality Therapy
KW  - Hodgkin Disease
KW  - Human
KW  - Leukemia
KW  - Life Tables
KW  - Lomustine
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Neoplasms, Multiple Primary
KW  - Radiotherapy
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Risk
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :56
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 2249071
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Linch, D.C.; Department of Haematology, Univ. Coll. and Middx. Sch. of Med., London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: bleomycin, 11056-06-7; carmustine, 154-93-8; chlorambucil, 305-03-3; chlormethine, 51-75-2, 55-86-7, 82905-71-3; cytarabine, 147-94-4, 69-74-9; doxorubicin, 23214-92-8, 25316-40-9; etoposide, 33419-42-0; lomustine, 13010-47-4; melphalan, 148-82-3; prednisolone, 50-24-8; procarbazine, 366-70-1, 671-16-9; vinblastine, 865-21-4; vincristine, 57-22-7; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Lomustine, 13010-47-4
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025155274&partnerID=40&md5=804b5f226809e77ca23b35b6c1ac99c9
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Work, fertility, and the status of women in Mexico 
ST  - Trabajo, fecundidad y condicion femenina en Mexico.
T2  - Estudios demograficos y urbanos
J2  - Estud Demogr Urbanos Col Mex
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
SP  - 693
EP  - 710, 827
PY  - 1990
SN  - 01867210 (ISSN) 
AU  - De Oliveira, O.
AU  - Garcia, B.
AB  - Among the major transformations affecting Mexican women in recent decades were their growing participation in the labor market and the fertility decline that began in the 1970s with widespread access to contraception. Data from 3 major Mexican fertility surveys, employment surveys, and censuses are used to analyze changes in female employment and their determinants during the years of economic recession in the 1980s. The main characteristics of the Mexican fertility decline are described, and the relationship between fertility and female employment before and during the economic recession is scrutinized for different social sectors. Suggestions for research on the affects of these changes on the social condition of Mexican women are then presented. The proportions of Mexican women over 12 years old who declared themselves economically active increased from 16% in 1970 to 21% in 1979 and 32% in 1987. Until the 1970s the majority of employed women were young and single or childless. But a clear increase occurred between 1976-87 in the economic participation of older women in union. Economic participation of low income and less educated women increased as they sought work or created their own in response to deteriorating living conditions during the recession. Young women with intermediate or higher educational levels did not increase their relative presence in the labor market in the same period. The marked increase in economic participation of less educated women in union with small children was accompanied by a significant increase in manual occupations. Between 1982-87, the proportion of women aged 20-49 in nonsalaried manual occupations rose from 7.6% to 18.5%. Mexico's fertility decline has been well documented. The total fertility rate declined from 6.3 in 1973 to 3.8 in 1986, while the percentage of women in union using a contraceptive method increased from 30.2 in 1976 to 52.7 in 1987. Fertility differentials have been declining but are still considerable. The inhibitory influence of children on female labor force participation in Mexico is clear, but in the years of economic recession the most notable increase in female workers was in women with 3 or more children of whom the youngest was under 3. It appears that the influence of children on women's employment depends on the socioeconomic status of the woman as well as on the dynamism or sluggishness of the labor market. Research is needed on the significance of changes in fertility and female employment for women's status in Mexico. Several recent works have presented results of microsocial analyses of the ways in which women experience changes in their lives resulting from fertility and employment decisions. A methodological strategy for studying these changes and their influence on women's status should focus on comparisons between different generations and birth cohorts, different types of employment, and different socioeconomic statuses. Both macrosocial and microsocial forms of analysis are needed to provide a full picture.
KW  - nuptiality
KW  - article
KW  - birth rate
KW  - Currently Married--women
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - demography
KW  - developing country
KW  - Economic Conditions
KW  - Economic Factors
KW  - Economic Recession
KW  - economics
KW  - employment
KW  - Employment--women
KW  - family
KW  - Family And Household
KW  - Family Relationships
KW  - family size
KW  - fertility
KW  - Fertility Decline
KW  - Fertility Determinants
KW  - health care manpower
KW  - Human Resources
KW  - human rights
KW  - Labor Force--women
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Macroeconomic Factors
KW  - marriage
KW  - methodology
KW  - Mexico
KW  - mother
KW  - North America
KW  - parent
KW  - Philosophical Overview
KW  - philosophy
KW  - population
KW  - population dynamics
KW  - Problem Formulation
KW  - research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Research Proposal
KW  - Research Report
KW  - social class
KW  - social status
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - South and Central America
KW  - Western Hemisphere
KW  - Women's Status
KW  - Americas
KW  - Currently Married--women
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Economic Conditions
KW  - Economic Factors
KW  - Economic Recession
KW  - Employment--women
KW  - Family And Household
KW  - Family Characteristics
KW  - Family Relationships
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Fertility Decline
KW  - Fertility Determinants
KW  - Human Resources
KW  - Labor Force--women
KW  - Latin America
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Macroeconomic Factors
KW  - Marital Status
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Mothers
KW  - North America
KW  - Nuptiality
KW  - Parents
KW  - Philosophical Overview
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Problem Formulation
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Research Proposal
KW  - Research Report
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Socioeconomic Status
KW  - Women's Status
KW  - Americas
KW  - Birth Rate
KW  - Demography
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Economics
KW  - Employment
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Family Characteristics
KW  - Family Relations
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Health Manpower
KW  - Latin America
KW  - Marital Status
KW  - Marriage
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Mothers
KW  - North America
KW  - Parents
KW  - Philosophy
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Women's Rights
N1  - Cited By :2
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 12284803
LA  - Spanish
N1  - Correspondence Address: De Oliveira, O.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-19244376030&partnerID=40&md5=00a36ae67596b80f235a6b7290f6b49e
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Patterns of change in U.K. graduate unemployment, 1962-87
T2  - Higher Education
J2  - High Educ
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
SP  - 25
EP  - 45
PY  - 1990
DO  - 10.1007/BF00162203
SN  - 00181560 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bee, M.
AU  - Dolton, P.
AD  - School of Business, Oxford Polytechnic, Wheatley, OX9 1HX, Oxford, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Economics, University of Bristol, 40 Berkeley Square, Bristol, BS8 1HY, United Kingdom
AB  - This paper is concerned with the changing pattern over time of unemployment among U.K. graduates at the outset and during the early stages of their careers. It is argued that, although the topic is highly relevant to a wide range of policy issues it has, as yet, received only limited attention from researchers. In the paper, unemployment trends in aggregate, by faculty and by subject are examined, using data from the annual First Destination Return, first compiled for the 1961/2 university graduates, and the 1970 and 1980 Graduate cohort surveys. In addition, differences related to gender and also to type of institution of study are identified, and the relationship between new graduate unemployment and unemployment in the U.K. economy as a whole is investigated. It is demonstrated that the basic trend of new graduate unemployment follows closely that of economy-wide unemployment, but that, within the graduate labour market, there is substantial, and persisting, variation across faculties and subjects. Possible explanations of this variation, arising from differing strengths of demand and supply, are suggested and the paper concludes that there is therefore scope for influence on the graduate labour market to bring about a closer correspondence of demand and supply. © 1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
PB  - Kluwer Academic Publishers
N1  - Cited By :12
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Bee, M.; School of Business, Oxford Polytechnic, Wheatley, OX9 1HX, Oxford, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Bee, M. & Dolton, P. J. (1989a). What Do Graduates Earn? The Starting Salaries and Earnings Prospects of University Graduates, 1960–1986, mimeo; Bee, M. & Dolton, P. J. (989b). Where Do Graduates Go? The First Destinations of University Graduates, 1961/2 – 1986/7, mimeo; (1985) The Development of Higher Education into the 1990s, , Department of Education and Science, HMSO, London; 
Department of Employment Gazette (1979). ‘Going into industry. Trends in graduate employment’, Jan., pp. 18–25; Dolton, P. J. (1989). The Early Careers of 1980 Graduates: Work Histories, Job Tenure, Career Mobility and Occupational Choice, Department of Employment Research Paper, forthcoming; Johnes, G., Taylor, J., Ferguson, G., The employability of new graduates: a study of differences between UK universities (1987) Applied Economics, 19, pp. 695-710; 
McLain, D.H., Drawing contours from arbitrary data points (1974) Computer Journal, 17 (4), pp. 318-324; 
Meadows, P. & Cox, R. (1987). ‘Employment of graduates 1975 to 1990’, Employment Gazette, April, 191–200; Tarsh, J. (1982). ‘The labour market for new graduates’, Employment Gazette, May, 205–215; Tarsh, J. (1985). ‘Trends in the graduate labour market’, Employment Gazette, July, 269–273; Taylor, J. (1985). ‘Comparing universities: some observations on the first destinations of new graduates’, Higher Education Review, Autumn, 35–43; Taylor, J., The employability of graduates: differences between universities (1986) Studies in Higher Education, 11 (1), pp. 17-27; 
Willia, G., First employment of university graduates (1973) Patterns of Change in Graduate Employment, , H., Greenaway, G., Willia, Society for Research into Higher Education, London; 
Williamson, P. (1979). ‘Flow of new graduates into employment’, Employment Gazette, Feb., 71–75; Williamson, P. (1981). Early Careers of 1970 Graduates, Department of Employment Research Paper, No. 26UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3042888262&doi=10.1007%2fBF00162203&partnerID=40&md5=fe4f4466b3eeffd55cdce20f415c0b3c
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Changes in Risk Factors and the Decline in Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease: The Framingham Heart Study
T2  - New England Journal of Medicine
J2  - New Engl. J. Med.
VL  - 322
IS  - 23
SP  - 1635
EP  - 1641
PY  - 1990
DO  - 10.1056/NEJM199006073222304
SN  - 00284793 (ISSN) 
AU  - Sytkowski, P.A.
AU  - Kannel, W.B.
AU  - D'agostino, R.B.
AD  - New England Research Institute, Watertown, Mass., United States
AD  - Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
AD  - Department of Mathematics, Boston University, Boston, United States
AB  - A decline in mortality from cardiovascular disease over the past 30 years has been well documented, but the reasons for the decline remain unclear. We analyzed the 10-year incidence of cardiovascular disease and death from cardiovascular disease in three groups of men who were 50 to 59 years old at base line in 1950, 1960, and 1970 (the 1950, 1960, and 1970 cohorts) in order to determine the contribution of secular trends in the incidence of cardiovascular disease, risk factors, and medical care to the decline in mortality. The 10-year cumulative mortality from cardiovascular disease in the 1970 cohort was 43 percent less than that in the 1950 cohort and 37 percent less than that in the 1960 cohort (P = 0.04 by log-rank test). Among the men who were free of cardiovascular disease at base line, the 10-year cumulative incidence of cardiovascular disease declined approximately 19 percent, from 190 per 1000 in the 1950 cohort to 154 per 1000 in the 1970 cohort (0.10&lt;P&lt;0.20 by chi-square test), whereas the 10-year rate of death from cardiovascular disease declined 60 percent (relative risk for the 1950 cohort as compared with the 1970 cohort, 2.53; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.22 to 5.97). Significant improvements were found in risk factors for cardiovascular disease among the men initially free of cardiovascular disease in the 1970 cohort as compared with those in the 1950 cohort, including a lower serum cholesterol level (mean ±SD, 5.72±0.98 mmol per liter [221±38 mg per deciliter], as compared with 5.90±1.03 mmol per liter [228±40 mg per deciliter]) and a lower systolic blood pressure (mean ±SD, 135±19 mm Hg, as compared with 139±25 mm Hg), better management of hypertension (22 percent vs. 0 percent were receiving antihypertensive medication), and reduced cigarette smoking (34 percent vs. 56 percent). We propose that these improvements may have had more pronounced effects on mortality from cardiovascular disease than on the incidence of cardiovascular disease in this population. Our data suggest that the improvement in cardiovascular risk factors in the 1970 cohort may have been an important contributor to the 60 percent decline in mortality in that group as compared with the 1950 cohort, although a decline in the incidence of cardiovascular disease and improved medical interventions may also have contributed to the decline in mortality. A DRAMATIC reduction in mortality from cardiovascular disease over the past 30 years has been well documented1 2 3 4 5; over that period, age-adjusted mortality from cardiovascular disease has fallen by 40 percent in the United States.6,7 The causes of the decline are not well understood, however. Whether it has resulted from a reduced incidence of disease,8,9 an improved case-fatality rate,10,11 or a combination of primary and secondary prevention12 13 14 15 16 17 remains in dispute. Adequate data are not yet available to evaluate these possibilities. We undertook to examine the contribution of secular trends in risk factors, the incidence of disease, and the case-fatality rate… © 1990, Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved.
KW  - antihypertensive agent
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - cerebrovascular disease
KW  - cholesterol blood level
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - coronary artery disease
KW  - human
KW  - hypertension
KW  - incidence
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - priority journal
KW  - risk factor
KW  - systolic blood pressure
KW  - united states
KW  - Blood Pressure
KW  - Cardiovascular Diseases
KW  - Cholesterol
KW  - Human
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - Male
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
N1  - Cited By :359
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 2288563
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Sytkowski, P.A.; New England Research Institute, 9 Galen St., Watertown, MA 02172, United States
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Cholesterol, 57-88-5
N1  - References: Havlik, R.J., Feinleib, M., Proceedings of the conference on the decline in coronary heart disease mortality., , Bethesda, Md.: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1979. (NIH publication no. (PHS) 79–1610.); 
Cooper, R., Stamler, J., Dyer, A., Garside, D., The decline in mortality from coronary heart disease, U.S.A., 1968–1975 (1978) J Chronic Dis, 31, pp. 709-720; 
Walker, W.J., Changing United States life-style and declining vascular mortality: cause or coincidence? (1977) N Engl J Med, 297, pp. 163-165; 
Levy, R.I., Declining mortality in coronary heart disease (1981) Arteriosclerosis, 1, pp. 312-325; 
Thom, T., Kannel, W., The downward trend in cardiovascular disease mortality (1981) Annu Rev Med, 32, pp. 427-434; 
Feinleib, M., The magnitude and nature of the decrease in coronary heart disease mortality rate (1984) Am J Cardiol, 54, pp. 2C-6C; 
Levy, R.I., Moskowitz, J., Cardiovascular research: decades of progress, a decade of promise (1982) Science, 217, pp. 121-129; 
Pell, S., Fayerweather, W.E., Trends in the incidence of myocardial infarction and in associated mortality and morbidity in a large employed population, 1957–1983 (1985) N Engl J Med, 312, pp. 1005-1011; 
Friedman, G.D., Decline in hospitalization for coronary heart disease and stroke: the Kaiser–Permanente experience in northern California, 1971–1977 Proceedings of the conference on the decline in coronary heart disease mortality., , In: Havlik RJ, Feinleib M, eds. Bethesda, Md.: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1979:109–14. (NIH publication no. (PHS) 79–1610.); 
Elveback, L., Coronary, heart disease in Rochester, Minnesota, 1950–1975: incidence and survivorship Proceedings of the conference on the decline in coronary heart disease mortality., , In: Havlik RJ, Feinleib M, eds. Bethesda, Md.: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1979:116–22. (NIH publication no. (PHS) 79–1610.); 
Higgins, M.W., Luepker, R.V., (1988) Trends in coronary heart disease mortality: the influence of medical care., , New York: Oxford University Press; 
Elveback, L.R., Connolly, D.C., Melton, L.J., III, (1986) Coronary heart disease in residents of Rochester, Minnesota, 61, pp. 896-900. , VII. Incidence, 1950 through 1982. Mayo Clin Proc; 
Goldberg, R.J., Gore, J.M., Alpert, J.S., Dalen, J.E., Recent changes in attack and survival rates of acute myocardial infarction (1975 through 1988): the Worcester Heart Attack Study (1986) JAMA, 25, pp. 2774-2779; 
Gillum, R.F., Blackburn, H., Feinleib, M., Current strategies for explaining the decline in ischemic heart disease mortality (1982) J Chronic Dis, 35, pp. 467-474; 
Kannel, W.B., Thom, T., Implications of the recent decline in cardiovascular mortality (1979) Cardiovasc Med, 4, pp. 983-997; 
Goldman, L., Cook, F., Hashimotso, B., Stone, P., Muller, J., Loscalzo, A., Evidence that hospital care for acute myocardial infarction has not contributed to the decline in coronary mortality between 1973–1974 and 1978–1979 (1982) Circulation, 65, pp. 936-942; 
Goldman, L., Cook, E.F., The decline in ischemic heart disease mortality rates: an analysis of the comparative effects of medical interventions and changes in lifestyle (1984) Ann Intern Med, 101, pp. 825-836; 
Gordon, T., Shurtleff, D., Means, at each examination and interexamination variation of specified characteristics: Framingham Study, exam 1 to exam 10 Section 29. In: Kannel WB, Gordon T, eds. The Framingham Study: an epidemiological investigation of cardiovascular disease. Washington, D.C.: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1973. (DHEW publication no. (NIH) 74–478.); Shurtleff, D., Some, characteristics related to the incidence of cardiovascular disease and death: Framingham Study, 18-year follow-up Section 30. In: Kannel WB, Gordon T, eds. The Framingham Study: an epidemiological investigation of cardiovascular disease. Washington, D.C.: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1973. (DHEW publication no. (NIH) 74–599.); (1985) SAS user's guide: basics, version 5 edition., , Cary, N.C.: SAS Institute; 
Lawless, J.F., (1982) Statistical models and methods for lifetime data., , New York: John Wiley; 
Kleinbaum, D.G., Kupper, L.L., Morgenstern, H., (1982) Epidemiologic research: principles and quantitative methods., , London: Lifetime Learning Publications; 
Searle, S.R., (1971) Linear models., , New York: John Wiley; 
Marascuilo, L.A., Levin, J.R., (1983) Multivariate statistics in the social sciences., , Monterey, Calif: Brooks/Cole Publishing; 
Wing, S., Hayes, C., Heiss, G., Geographic variation in the onset of decline of ischemic heart disease mortality in the United States (1986) Am J Public Health, 76, pp. 1404-1408; 
Davis, W.B., Hayes, C.G., Knowles, M., Riggan, W.B., Van Bruggen, J., Tyroler, H.A., Geographic variation in declining ischemic heart disease mortality in the United States, 1968–1978. 1. Rates and change, whites ages 35–74 years (1985) Am J Epidemiol, 122, pp. 657-672; 
Kannel, W.B., Sytkowski, P.A., Atherosclerosis risk factors (1987) Pharmacol Ther, 32, pp. 207-235; 
Levy, R.I., Causes of the decrease in cardiovascular mortality (1984) Am J Cardiol, 54, pp. 7C-13C; 
Feinstein, A.R., Sosin, D.A., Wells, C.K., The Will Rogers phenomenon: improved technologic diagnosis and stage migration as a source of nontherapeutic improvement in cancer prognosis (1984) Trans Assoc Am Physicians, 97, pp. 19-24; 
The Will Rogers phenomenon: stage migration and new diagnostic techniques as a source of misleading statistics for survival in cancer (1985) N Engl J Med, 312, pp. 1604-1608; 
Hurst, J.W., Logue, R.B., Schant, R.C., Wenger, N.K., (1974) The heart., , 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 
Hlatky, M.A., Cotugno, H.E., Mark, D.B., O'Connor, C., Califf, R.M., Pryor, D.B., Trends in physician management of uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction, 1970 to 1987 (1988) Am J Cardiol, 61, pp. 515-518; 
Gore, J.M., Goldberg, R.J., Alpert, J.S., Dalen, J.E., The increased use of diagnostic procedures in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a community-wide perspective (1988) Trends in coronary heart disease mortality: the influence of medical care., pp. 60-66. , In: Higgins MW, Luepker RV, eds. New York: Oxford University Press; 
Fleiss, J.L., (1981) Statistical methods for rates and proportions., , 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley; 
Eisenberg, M.S., Bergner, L., Hallstrom, A., Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: improved survival with paramedic services (1980) Lancet, 1, pp. 812-815; 
Sytkowski, P.A., D'Agostino, R.B., Belanger, A.J., Bettencourt, K.S., Stokes, J., III, Testing a model that evaluates options for rural emergency medical service development (1984) Med Care, 22, pp. 202-215; 
Sytkowski, P.A., Jacobs, L., Bennett, B., Emergency medical personnel training. 2. Components of training (1983) Emerg Med Serv Q, 2, pp. 11-19; 
Killip, T., III, Kimball, J.T., Treatment of myocardial infarction in a coronary care unit: a two year experience with 250 patients (1967) Am J Cardiol, 20, pp. 457-464; 
Goldberg, R., Szklo, M., Tonascia, J.A., Kennedy, H.L., Time trends in prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction: a population-based study (1979) Johns Hopkins Med J, 144, pp. 73-80; 
Gomez-Marin, O., Folsom, A.R., Kottke, T.E., Improvement in long-term survival among patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction, 1970 to 1980: the Minnesota Heart Survey (1987) N Engl J Med, 316, pp. 1353-1359
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025353476&doi=10.1056%2fNEJM199006073222304&partnerID=40&md5=b55775ffea8ce4a0961442f1210ea254
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Correlation between caries experience in primary and permanent dentition in birth-cohorts 1950-70.
T2  - Scandinavian journal of dental research
J2  - Scand J Dent Res
VL  - 98
IS  - 3
SP  - 225
EP  - 227
PY  - 1990
SN  - 0029845X (ISSN) 
AU  - Helm, S.
AU  - Helm, T.
AD  - Institute for Community Dentistry and Graduate Studies, Royal Dental College, Copenhagen, Denmark.
AB  - Caries experience in the primary molars and canines at 8 yr of age and in the permanent dentition at 16 was correlated in every fourth birth-cohort between 1950 and 1970 in a Danish community. Correlations between 0.44 and 0.55 were found. Cross-tabulation of the data also revealed close association, but prediction of individual high caries risk children based solely on screening for caries experience in the primary dentition is hardly cost-effective.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - article
KW  - canine tooth
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - deciduous tooth
KW  - Denmark
KW  - dental caries
KW  - follow up
KW  - health survey
KW  - human
KW  - molar tooth
KW  - prevalence
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Cuspid
KW  - Denmark
KW  - Dental Caries
KW  - DMF Index
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Molar
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Tooth, Deciduous
N1  - Cited By :18
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 2349451
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Helm, S.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025441876&partnerID=40&md5=31eaf62cef3f70bc61b5fc1932b8623f
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Regional variations in wheezing illness in British children: Effect of migration during early childhood
T2  - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
J2  - J. EPIDEMIOL. COMMUNITY HEALTH
VL  - 44
IS  - 3
SP  - 231
EP  - 236
PY  - 1990
DO  - 10.1136/jech.44.3.231
SN  - 0143005X (ISSN) 
AU  - Strachan, D.P.
AU  - Golding, J.
AU  - Anderson, H.R.
AD  - Dept. of Public Health Sci., St. George's Hospital, Medical School, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
AB  - Study objective - The aim was to examine the regional distribution of wheezing illness among British children, and the age at which geographical differences may be determined. Design - Cross sectional analyses and study of interregional migrants were used. Subjects - The subjects were national cohorts of British children born in 1958 and 1970. Measurements and main results - The regional distribution of wheezing illness showed significant heterogeneity at age 5 (1970 cohort) and 7 (1958 cohort). In both cohorts, children in Scotland had a low prevalence of wheeze, which could not be attributed to underreporting of mild cases. There was a less consistent tendency for high prevalence in Wales, and in the South Western and Midlands regions of England. In the 1958 cohort, the regional differentials diminished progressively with age and were negligible at age 23. There was a poor correlation between the regional distribution of childhood asthma and the common geographical pattern shown by eczema in infancy and hay fever at age 23. Analysis of interregional migrants suggested that the regional variation in each cohort at age 5-7 was primarily related to the region of current residence, and not to the region of birth. Conclusions - Genetic constitution, perinatal exposures, or early childhood experiences are unlikely to account for the regional variation in wheezing illness. Although local patterns of symptom reporting or disease labelling may be acquired by parents who move to a new region, environmental factors operating at a regional level probably determine the prevalence of asthma in primary school children. These influences do not appear to have long lasting effects upon the tendency to wheeze in adolescence and early adulthood.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - environmental exposure
KW  - ethnic or racial aspects
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - human
KW  - migration
KW  - preschool child
KW  - priority journal
KW  - school child
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - wheezing
KW  - children
KW  - disease variation
KW  - early migration
KW  - geographical variation
KW  - regional distribution
KW  - wheezing illness
KW  - UK
N1  - Cited By :31
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JECHD
C2  - 2273362
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Strachan, D.P.; Dept. of Public Health Sci., St. George's Hospital, Medical School, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025197301&doi=10.1136%2fjech.44.3.231&partnerID=40&md5=383eb04dd12429b396406f28c76b10ab
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Resilient children: A longitudinal study of high achieving socially disadvantaged children
T2  - Early Child Development and Care
J2  - Early Child Dev. Care
VL  - 62
IS  - 1
SP  - 23
EP  - 47
PY  - 1990
DO  - 10.1080/0300443900620103
SN  - 03004430 (ISSN) 
AU  - Osborn, A.F.
AD  - University of Bristol, School of Education, 35 Berkeley Square, Bristol BSC 1JA, United Kingdom
AB  - Current interest in “resilient” children — those who are vulnerable to psychopathology yet achieve competence — prompted a study of such children using data from the 1970 British birth cohort. The conceptual framework used to define a sample of “resilient” children within the cohort is described, and results from analyses designed to identify contextual, parenting and experiential factors which substantially increased the chance of resilience in vulnerable children are presented. Vulnerability was defined in terms of the family's socio-economic status when the child was 5, and a Competency Index, based on cognitive/ educational attainment and behavioural adjustment at 10 years, determined which of the vulnerable group were “resilient”. The main finding was that having positive, supportive and interested parents was a major factor which enabled socially vulnerable children to achieve competence. Maternal depression — a condition to which low SES mothers were at high risk — substantiallly reduced the chance of resilience. © 1990, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
KW  - cohort study
KW  - competence. lonaitudinal
KW  - Resilient children
KW  - social disadvantaae
N1  - Cited By :37
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Osborn, A.F.; University of Bristol, School of Education, 35 Berkeley Square, Bristol BSC 1JA, United Kingdom
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0002657453&doi=10.1080%2f0300443900620103&partnerID=40&md5=f3305dbb4765b9f530ace520399c7b69
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Epidemiology of oral cancer in Connecticut, 1935 to 1985
T2  - Cancer
J2  - Cancer
VL  - 65
IS  - 12
SP  - 2796
EP  - 2802
PY  - 1990
DO  - 10.1002/1097-0142(19900615)65:12<2796::AID-CNCR2820651232>3.0.CO;2-G
SN  - 0008543X (ISSN) 
AU  - Chen, J.
AU  - Katz, R.V.
AU  - Krutchkoff, D.J.
AD  - Departments of Oral Diagnosis/Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut at Farmington, Farmington, Connecticut, United States
AD  - Behavioral Sciences and Community Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut at Farmington, Farmington, Connecticut, United States
AB  - All cases of oral cancer (N = 9708) recorded by the Connecticut Tumor Registry from 1935 to 1985 were analyzed for time‐trend patterns within 10‐year age‐groups. Crude, age‐specific, age‐adjusted incidence rates and birth cohort analyses were calculated. The average annual age‐adjusted incidence rate was 12.9/100,000 for men and 2.9/100,000 for women (1970 US standard million population). The male age‐adjusted incidence rate decreased 33% from the late 1930s to the early 1980s. The female age‐adjusted incidence rate exhibited a threefold steady increase over this same time period. The male/female ratio for oral cancer incidence declined dramatically from 10.4 to 2.7 for the age‐adjusted rate, nearly a fourfold decrease during the 51‐ year period. Birth cohort analyses for women indicated a marked increase in oral cancer incidence for the birth cohort of 1900, which was sustained in the birth cohorts that followed. Birth cohort analyses for men revealed a decline in oral cancer incidence for birth cohorts born after 1910. The highest incidence rates were found in the urban counties and the lowest in the rural areas. Copyright © 1990 American Cancer Society
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - mouth cancer
KW  - priority journal
KW  - sex difference
KW  - united states
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Connecticut
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Mouth Neoplasms
KW  - Registries
KW  - Rural Population
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Urban Population
N1  - Cited By :12
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 2340473
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Chen, J.; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 4384 Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
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(1973) Census of population, 1960, pp. 8-126. , Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, ;1; 
(1982) Census of population, 1980, pp. 1-200. , Washington, DC, US Government Printing Office, 8; 
Pindborg, JJ, Mehta, FS, Daftary, DK, Incidence of oral cancer among 30,000 villagers in India in a 7‐year follow‐up study of oral precancerous lesions (1975) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 3, pp. 86-88; 
Devesa, SS, Silverman, DT, Young, JL, Cancer incidence and mortality trends among whites in the United States, 1947–84 (1987) J Natl Cancer Inst, 79, pp. 701-742; 
Estimated new cancer cases for all sites plus major sites, by state‐1985 (1985) CA, 35, pp. 28-29; 
Harris, JE, Cigarette smoking among successive birth cohorts of men and women in the United States during 1900–80 (1983) J Natl Cancer Inst, 71, pp. 473-479; 
Wynder, EL, Bross, IJ, Feldman, RM, A study of the etiological factors in cancer of the mouth (1957) Cancer, 10, pp. 1300-1323; 
Farr, HW, Arthur, K, Epidermoid carcinoma of the mouth and pharynx 1960–64 (1972) J Laryngol Otol, 86, pp. 243-253; 
Binnie, WH, Epidemiology and aetiology of oral cancer in Britain (1976) Proc R Soc Med, 69, pp. 737-740; 
Smith, CJ, Global epidemiology and aetiology of oral cancer (1973) Int Dent J, 23, pp. 82-91; 
Silverman, S, Jr., Epidemiology (1985) Oral Cancer, pp. 2-6. , Silverman S Jr, ed. 2, New York, American Cancer Society; 
Cutler, SJ, Young, JL, Third national cancer survey: Incidence data (1975) NCI Monogr, 41, pp. 1-454
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025297228&doi=10.1002%2f1097-0142%2819900615%2965%3a12%3c2796%3a%3aAID-CNCR2820651232%3e3.0.CO%3b2-G&partnerID=40&md5=a0b973848581fc9710f77a501d61f23d
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Factors associated with childhood cancer in a national cohort study
T2  - British Journal of Cancer
J2  - Br. J. Cancer
VL  - 62
IS  - 2
SP  - 304
EP  - 308
PY  - 1990
DO  - 10.1038/bjc.1990.283
SN  - 00070920 (ISSN) 
AU  - Golding, J.
AU  - Paterson, M.
AU  - Kinlen, L.J.
AD  - Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, St Michael’s Hill, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
AD  - CRC Cancer Epidemiology Unit, The Link Building, 15 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, United Kingdom
AB  - Information on 16, 193 infants delivered in Great Britain in one week of April, 1970 was collected by midwives at the birth and during the first 7 days of life. Using multiple sources, 33 children developing cancer by 1980 were identified from this cohort, giving an incidence of 2.04 per 1, 000 total births by the age of 10. Comparisons of these 33 children were made with 99 controls, three for each index case, matched on maternal age, parity and social class. Statistically significant associations were initially found with maternal X-rays and smoking during pregnancy, and the use of analgesics such as pethidine during labour, confirming the findings of retrospective case-control studies. Unexpected statistically significant associations were found with delivery of the child outside term, and drug administration in the first week of life. The latter was found in the absence of an association with neonatal abnormalities in the child and relates mostly to the administration of prophylactic drugs such as vitamin K. Logistic regression involving the whole cohort showed independent statistical associations with maternal smoking (OR 2.5), and drugs to the infant (OR 2.6). After adjusting for these factors no other statistically significant associations were found. © The MacMillan Press Ltd., 1990.
KW  - article
KW  - childhood cancer
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Adult
KW  - Breast Feeding
KW  - Case-Control Studies
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Female
KW  - Gestational Age
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant
KW  - Labor Complications
KW  - Male
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Radiography
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :138
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 2386748
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Golding, J.; Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, St Michael’s Hill, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
N1  - Funding details: Hogg Foundation for Mental Health, Hogg Foundation for Mental Health
N1  - Funding text: analyses to look at possible adverse effects of opiates in labour were funded by the Mental Health Foundation. Jean Golding is grateful to Dr Martin Mott for constructive criticism and to Yasmin Iles for typing this paper.
N1  - References: Butler, N.R., Golding, J., From Birth to Five: A study of the health and behaviour of Britain’s five year olds (1986) Pergamon Press: Oxford; 
Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Haslum, M., Stewart-Brown, S., Child Health and Education Study: Preliminary communication (1982) J. R. Soc. Med., 75, p. 781; 
Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., British Births (1975) Obstetric Care., 2; 
Gilman, E.A., Kinnier-Wilson, L.M., Kneale, G.W., Childhood cancers and their association with pregnancy drugs and illnesses. Paediatr (1989) Perinatal Epidemiol., 3, p. 66; 
Gilman, E.A., Kneale, G.W., Knox, E.G., Pregnancy x-rays and childhood cancers: Effects of exposure age and radiation dose (1988) J. Soc. Radiol. Protection, 8, p. 3; 
Kneale, G.W., Stewart, A.M., Mantel-Haenszel analysis of Oxford data: Independent effects of several birth factors including fetal irradiation (1976) J. Natl Cancer Inst., 56, p. 879; 
McCkinney, P.A., Cartwright, R.A., Saiu, J.M.T., The inter-regional epidemiological study of childhood cancer (IRESCC): A case-control study of aetiological factors in leukaemia and lymphoma (1987) Arch. Dis. Child., 62, p. 279; 
Neutel, C.I., Buck, C., Effect of smoking in pregnancy on the risk of cancer in children (1971) J. Natl Cancer Inst., 47, p. 59; 
Pike, M.C., Morrow, R.H., Statistical analysis of patient- control studies in epidemiology: Factor under investigation an all or none variable (1970) Br. J. Prev. Social Med., 24, p. 42; 
Stewart, A., Webb, J., Hewitt, D., (1958). A survey of childhood malignancies (1958) Br. Med. J., 1, p. 1495; 
Stjernfeldt, M., Ludvigsson, J., Berglund, K., Maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of childhood cancer (1986) Lancet, 2, p. 687
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025329167&doi=10.1038%2fbjc.1990.283&partnerID=40&md5=e3457d12d22bce6e4080fe2a8e07e474
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A mortality follow-up study of pottery workers: preliminary findings on lung cancer.
T2  - IARC scientific publications
J2  - IARC Sci Publ
IS  - 97
SP  - 83
EP  - 94
PY  - 1990
SN  - 03005038 (ISSN) 
AU  - Winter, P.D.
AU  - Gardner, M.J.
AU  - Fletcher, A.C.
AU  - Jones, R.D.
AD  - Medical Research Council Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, England.
AB  - The possible association between exposure to low levels of silica and lung cancer was investigated by following up pottery workers included in a survey conducted in 1970-71 of respiratory disease among such workers. The initial results show that, among men under the age of 60 at the time of the original survey, mortality has been similar to that expected, but that there was an excess of lung cancer of over 30% even after allowance had been made for cigarette smoking and place of residence. There were no particular excesses of lung cancer by product group or job group. However, there was some indication that lung cancer risk increased with estimated cumulative exposure to respirable quartz. These findings do suggest an association between lung cancer and the low levels of silica found in potteries, and the follow-up will therefore be continued and a more detailed analysis of the data carried out.
KW  - silicon dioxide
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cause of death
KW  - ceramics
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - lung tumor
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - occupational disease
KW  - pilot study
KW  - smoking
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Ceramics
KW  - Epidemiologic Methods
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Lung Neoplasms
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Occupational Diseases
KW  - Pilot Projects
KW  - Silicon Dioxide
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :21
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 2164507
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Winter, P.D.
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: silicon dioxide, 10279-57-9, 14464-46-1, 14808-60-7, 15468-32-3, 60676-86-0, 7631-86-9; Ceramics; Silicon Dioxide, 7631-86-9
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025069750&partnerID=40&md5=66a4846f1a35675905a9f9166cfb32b0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The oblique facial cleft: a 20-year follow-up
T2  - British Journal of Plastic Surgery
J2  - Br. J. Plast. Surg.
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
SP  - 355
EP  - 358
PY  - 1990
DO  - 10.1016/0007-1226(90)90088-H
SN  - 00071226 (ISSN) 
AU  - Boo-Chai, K.
AD  - 621 Geylang Road, Singapore 1438
AB  - A 20-year follow-up is presented of a patient with an oblique facial cleft, first reported in 1970. The classification of such clefts, proposed at that time, is reviewed in relation to the Tessier classification and the long-term results of surgery reported. © 1990 The Trustees of British Association of Plastic Surgeons. All rights reserved.
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - case report
KW  - classification
KW  - cleft palate
KW  - face malformation
KW  - face surgery
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - methodology
KW  - Abnormalities, Multiple
KW  - Case Report
KW  - Cleft Lip
KW  - Coloboma
KW  - Eyelids
KW  - Face
KW  - Facial Asymmetry
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant
KW  - Maxilla
KW  - Orbit
N1  - Cited By :12
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJPSA
C2  - 2350644
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Boo-Chai, K.
N1  - References: Boo-Chai, The transverse facial cleft; its repair (1969) British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 22, p. 129; 
Boo-Chai, The oblique facial cleft: a report of 2 cases and a review of 41 cases (1970) British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 23, p. 352; 
Boo-Chai, The unoperated adult bilateral cleft of the lip and palate (1971) British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 24, p. 250; 
Chandra, Kumar, Bilateral oblique facial clefts: a case report (1986) Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery, 19, p. 121; 
Goleria, Congenital aplasia of the maxilla or Tessier soft tissue cleft 5, bone cleft 4, 5 and 6 (1987) Craniofacial Surgery, , D. Marchac, Springer-Verlag, Berlin; 
Harkins, Berlin, Harding, Longacre, Snodgrass, A classification of cleft lip and cleft palate (1962) Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 29, p. 31; 
Kaplan, Commissuroplasty and myoplasty for macrostomia (1981) Annals of Plastic Surgery, 7, p. 136; 
Kawamoto, Jr., Wong, Macomber, Rare cranio-facial clefts (1977) Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, , J.M. Converse, 2nd Edition, W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia; 
Ortiz-Monasterio, Olmedo, Trigos, Yudorich, Velazquez, Fuente-del-Campo, Final results from the delayed treatment of patients with cleft of the lip and palate (1974) Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 8, p. 109; 
Rowsell, The amniotic band disruption complex. The pathogenesis of oblique facial clefts; an experimental study in the foetal rat (1989) British Journal of Plastic Surgery, 42, p. 291; 
Sano, Tani, Nishimura, Bilateral oblique facial cleft (1983) Annals of Plastic Surgery, 11, p. 434; 
Shimbashi, Tomonari, A follow-up of macrostomia (1987) Japanese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 30, p. 211; 
Tessier, Anatomical classification of facial, craniofacial and latero-facial clefts (1976) Journal of Maxillo-facial Surgery, 4, p. 69; 
Verheyden, Anatomical considerations in the repair of macrostomia (1988) Annals of Plastic Surgery, 16, p. 174
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025293003&doi=10.1016%2f0007-1226%2890%2990088-H&partnerID=40&md5=217338b2877e0120d2e0414a325a8325
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Rising incidence of breast cancer among young women in Sweden
T2  - British Journal of Cancer
J2  - Br. J. Cancer
VL  - 61
IS  - 1
SP  - 120
EP  - 122
PY  - 1990
DO  - 10.1038/bjc.1990.24
SN  - 00070920 (ISSN) 
AU  - Ranstam, J.
AU  - Janzon, L.
AU  - Olsson, H.
AD  - Department of Community Health Sciences, Lund University, Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, S-214 01, Sweden
AD  - Department of Oncology, Lund University, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
AB  - The national Swedish cancer registry was used to analyse the age-specific time trends in breast cancer incidence in Sweden from 1970 to 1984. The analysis included both a calendar year and a birth cohort approach to estimate time trends in disease occurrence. According to the birth cohort approach there was a statistically significant increase in the incidence with an average annual increase of the incidence of 3.2% (P= 0.0114), 3.4% (P= 0.0002) and 2.2% (P = 0.0264) in the age groups 25-29, 30-34 and 35-39, respectively. Possible causes of the observed increasing incidence are discussed. © Macmillan Press Ltd., 1990.
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - priority journal
KW  - sweden
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Breast Neoplasms
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Sweden
N1  - Cited By :19
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 2297482
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Ranstam, J.; Department of Community Health Sciences, Lund University, Malmö General Hospital, Malmö, S-214 01, Sweden
N1  - References: Baron, A., Byers, T., Greenberg, E.R., Cummings, K.M., Swanson, M., Cigarette smoking in women with cancers of the breast and reproductive organs (1986) J. Natl Cancer Inst, 77, p. 677; 
Breslow, N.E., Extra-Poisson variation in log-linear models. Appl (1984) Stat, 33, p. 38; 
Brownson, R., Blackwell, C., Pearson, D., Reynolds, R., Richens, J., Papermaster, B., Risk of breast cancer in relation to cigarette smoking (1988) Arch. Intern. Med, 148, p. 140; 
De Waard, A., Trichopoulos, D., A unifying concept of the aetiology of breast cancer (1988) Int. J. Cancer, 41, p. 666; 
Ewertz, M., Carstensen, B., Trends in breast cancer incidence and mortality in Denmark, 1943-1982 (1988) Int. J. Cancer, 41, p. 46; 
Kampert, J., Whittemore, A., Paffenbarger, R., Combined effect of childbearing, menstrual events, and body size on age-specific breast cancer risk (1988) Am. J. Epidemiol, 128, p. 962; 
Kay, C.R., Hannaford, P.C., Breast cancer and the pill - a further report from the Royal College of General Practitioners’ oral contraceptive study (1988) Br. J. Cancer, 58, p. 675; 
Krieger, N., White, E., Rising incidence of breast cancer (1988) J. Natl Cancer Inst, 80, p. 2; 
La Vecchia, C., Decarli, A., Parazzini, F., General epidemiology of breast cancer in northern Italy (1987) Int. J. Epidemiol, 16, p. 347; 
McPherson, K., Neil, A., Vessey, M.P., Doll, R., Oral contraceptives and breast cancer (1983) Lancet, p. 2; 
McPherson, K., Vessey, M.P., Neil, A., Early oral contraceptive use and breast cancer: Results of another case- control study (1987) Br. J. Cancer, 56, p. 653; 
Meirik, O., Arvidson, A., Springfeld, T.P., Use of oral contraceptives in Sweden. In Hormonal antikonception (1984) National Board of Health and Welfare: Stockholm; 
Meirik, O., Lund, E., Adami, H.O., Bergstrom, R., Christoffersen, T., Bergsjo, P., Oral contraceptive use and breast cancer in young women (1986) Lancet, 2, p. 650; 
Michnovicz, J., Hershcopf, R., Naganuma, H., Bradlow, L., Fishman, J., Increased 2-hydroxylation of estradiol as a possible mechanism for the anti-estrogenic effect of cigarette smoking (1986) N. Engl. J. Med, 315, p. 1305; 
(1988) Cancer Incidence in Sweden. Liber: Stockholm; 
(1977) Completeness of Registration in the Swedish Cancer Registry, p. 15; 
Olsson, H., Landin Olsson, M., Moller, T., Ranstam, J., Holm, P., Oral contraceptive use and breast cancer in young women in Sweden (1985) Lancet, 1, p. 749; 
Olsson, H.J., Moller, T.R., Oral contraceptives and breast cancer (1985) Lancet, p. 2; 
Pike, M.C., Henderson, B.E., Casagrande, J.T., Rosario, I., Gray, G.E., Oral contraceptive use and early abortion as risk factors for breast cancer in young women (1981) Br. J. Cancer, 43, p. 72; 
Pike, M.C., Henderson, B.E., Krailo, M.D., Duke, A., Roy, S., Breast cancer in young women and use of oral contraceptives: Possible modifying effect of formulation and age at use (1983) Lancet, 2, p. 926; 
Rohan, T., McMichael, J., Alcohol consumption and risk of breast cancer (1988) Int. J. Cancer, 41, p. 695; 
Sandler, D.P., Everson, R.B., Wilcox, A.J., Cigarette smoking and breast cancer (1986) Am. J. Epidemiol, 123, p. 370; 
Schechter, M.T., Miller, A.B., Howe, G.R., Cigarette smoking and breast cancer: A case control study of screening program participants (1985) Am. J. Epidemiol, 121, p. 479; 
Stadel, B., Lai, S., Schlesselman, J.J., Murray, P., Oral contraceptives and premenopausal breast cancer in nul- liparous women (1988) Contraception, 38, p. 287; 
Stadel, B., Rubin, G., Wingo, P., Schlesselman, J., Breast cancer and oral contraceptives (1986) Lancet, 1, p. 436; 
(1984) Statistical Abstracts of Sweden. Liber: Stockholm; 
Vessey, M.P., McPherson, K., Yeates, D., Doll, R., Oral contraceptive use and abortion before first term pregnancy in relation to breast cancer risk (1982) Br. J. Cancer, 45, p. 327; 
White, E., Projected changes in breast cancer incidence due to the trend toward delaying childbearing (1987) Am. J. Public Health, 77, p. 495; 
White, E., Daling, J.R., Norsted, T.L., Chu, J., Rising incidence of breast cancer among young women in Washington state (1987) J. Natl Cancer Inst, 79, p. 239
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025134204&doi=10.1038%2fbjc.1990.24&partnerID=40&md5=20a8b014ed56a71f1beaa8c3b7cd1d85
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Height and mortality in the counties of England and wales
T2  - Annals of Human Biology
J2  - Ann. Hum. Biol.
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
PY  - 1990
DO  - 10.1080/03014469000000732
SN  - 03014460 (ISSN) 
AU  - Barker, D.J.P.
AU  - Osmond, C.
AU  - Golding, J.
AD  - MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, United Kingdom
AB  - Average heights of adults and children in the counties of England and Wales were examined using national samples of people born between 1920 and 1970. Although height increased over this 50-year period the differences between counties persisted. Average height in a county is closely related to its pattern of death rates, which were derived from all deaths during 1968-78. Counties with taller populations have lower mortality from chronic bronchitis, rheumatic heart disease, ischaemic heart disease and stroke, and higher mortality from three hormone-related cancers, of the breast, prostate and ovary. The inverse relation of height with bronchitis and cardiovascular disease is further evidence of risk factors acting in early childhood. The positive relation between height and cancers of the breast, ovary and prostate could suggest that promotion of child growth has disadvantages as well as benefits. © 1990 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - body height
KW  - child
KW  - fatality
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - male
KW  - normal human
KW  - sex difference
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Administrative Districts
KW  - Biology
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Child Development
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Counties
KW  - Death Rate
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Differential Mortality
KW  - Diseases
KW  - Endocrine System
KW  - England
KW  - Europe
KW  - Geographic Factors
KW  - Growth
KW  - Heart Diseases
KW  - Hormones
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Northern Europe
KW  - Physiology
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Studies
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Wales
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Bronchitis
KW  - Cardiovascular Diseases
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Wales
KW  - death rate
KW  - human height
KW  - mortality
KW  - national sample
KW  - UK, England
KW  - UK, Wales
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :77
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AHUBB
C2  - 2317001
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Barker, D.J.P.; MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General HospitalUnited Kingdom
N1  - References: Armstrong, B., Doll, R., Environmental factors and cancer incidence and mortality in different countries, with special reference to dietary practices (1975) International Journal of Cancer, 15, pp. 617-631; 
Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Infant mortality, childhood nutrition and ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales (1986) Lancet, 1, pp. 1077-1081; 
Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Childhood respiratory infection and adult chronic bronchitis in England and Wales (1986) British Medical Journal, 293, pp. 1271-1275; 
Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Death rates from stroke in England and Wales predicted from past maternal mortality (1987) British Medical Journal, 295, pp. 83-86; 
Barker, D.J.P., Osmond, C., Golding, J., Kuh, D., Wadsworth, M.E.J., Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease (1989) British Medical Journal, 298, pp. 564-567; 
Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Haslum, M., Stewart-Brown, S., Recent findings of the 1970 child health and education study: preliminary communication (1982) Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 75, pp. 781-784; 
Butler, N.R., Golding, J., (1986) From Birth to Five: A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's Five Year Olds, , Pergamon Press, Oxford; 
Campbell, J.M., (1924) Maternal mortality, , HMSO, London(Ministry of Health Reports on Public Health and Medical Subjects, No 25.); 
(1913) Census of England and Wales 1911, 9. , Birthplaces HMSO, London; 
Davie, R., Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., (1972) From birth to seven: a report of the National Child Development Study, , Longman, London; 
Falkner, F., Tanner, J.M., Human Growth, a Comprehensive Treatise (1986) Methodology, Ecological, Genetic and Nutritional Effects on Growth, 3. , Plenum Press, New York and London; 
Gardner, M.J., Winter, P.D., Barker, D.J.P., (1984) Atlas of mortality from Selected Diseases in England and Wales 1968–78, , John Wiley, Chichester; 
Little, R.E., Mother's and father's birthweight as predictors of infant birthweight (1987) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 1, pp. 19-31; 
Marmot, M.G., Shipley, M.J., Rose, G., Inequalities in death — specific explanations of a general pattern? (1984) Lancet, pp. 1003-1006; 
Notkola, V., (1985) Living conditions in childhood and coronary heart disease in adulthood, , Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters, Helsinki; 
(1991) Registrar General's statistical review of England and Wales 1911 et seq. Part 1. Tables, medical, , HMSO, Londonet seq; 
Orr, J.B., (1936) Food, Health and Income, , MacMillan, London; 
Pike, M.C., Ross, R.K., Breast cancer (1984) British Medical Bulletin, 40, pp. 351-354; 
Rona, R.J., Florey, C., Du, V., National study of health and growth: respiatory symptoms and height in primary schoolchildren (1980) International Journal of Epidemiology, 9, pp. 35-43; 
Smyth, A.M., (1904) Physical Deterioration, its Causes and the Cure, , John Murray, London; 
Tanner, J., Healy, M., Lockhart, R., MacKenzie, J., Whitehouse, R., Aberdeen growth study. 1. The prediction of adult body measurements from measurements taken each year from birth to 5 years (1956) Archives of Diseases of Children, 31, p. 372; 
Waaler, H.T., Height, weight and mortality. The Norwegian experience (1984) Acta Medica Scandinavica, 679, pp. 1-56; 
Wadsworth, M., Follow-up of the first national birth cohort: findings from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (1987) Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 1, pp. 95-116; 
van Wieringen, J., Secular growth changes (1986) Human Growth, 3. , 2nd edition Eds. F. Falkner, J. Tanner. Plenum Press, New YorkIn
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025198580&doi=10.1080%2f03014469000000732&partnerID=40&md5=e0d1883d20967b5c9c97ed930d12f10b
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Absence of adverse mortality effects in workers exposed to methylene chloride: An update
T2  - Journal of Occupational Medicine
J2  - J. Occup. Med.
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
SP  - 234
EP  - 240
PY  - 1990
SN  - 00961736 (ISSN) 
AU  - Hearne, F.T.
AU  - Pifer, J.W.
AU  - Grose, F.
AD  - Epidemiology and Industrial Hygiene Sections, Health and Environment Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company, Bldg 320, Kodak Park, Rochester, NY, 14652-3615, United States
AB  - Mortality findings in a 1964 to 1970 cohort of 1013 hourlywage men exposed to methylene chloride were substantially unchanged after 4 additional years of observation through 1988. Mean exposure was 26 ppm (8-hour time-weighted average) for 23 years; median follow-up from first exposure was 33 years. A comparison with death rates in both general population and industrial referents showed nonsignificant deficits in observed-expected ratios for such hypothesized causes as lung and liver cancer and ischemic heart disease. Overall mortality from 1964 to 1988 (n = 238) was significantly decreased v both referent groups. The study had 90% power to detect relative risks of 1.7 and 1.3 for lung cancer and ischemic heart disease, respectively; power was inadequate for hepatic cancer. No pancreatic cancer deaths occurred since the 1984 follow-up; eight have been observed v 4.2 expected (P = .13). An analysis of dose response for selected causes of death demonstrated no statistically significant trend according to either career methylene chloride exposure or latency. Similar results were observed when the data were analyzed using Poisson regression modeling. © by American College of Occupational Medicine.
KW  - dichloromethane
KW  - article
KW  - mortality
KW  - occupational health
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Coronary Disease
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Lung Neoplasms
KW  - Male
KW  - Methylene Chloride
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - New York
KW  - Occupational Diseases
KW  - Pancreatic Neoplasms
KW  - Risk Factors
N1  - Cited By :41
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 2319356
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hearne, F.T.; Epidemiology and Industrial Hygiene sections, Health and Environment Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company, Bldg 320, Kodak Park, Rochester, NY, 14652-3615, United States
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: dichloromethane, 75-09-2; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Methylene Chloride, 75-09-2
N1  - References: Hearne, F.T., Friedlander, B.R., Follow-up of methylene chloride study (1981) J Ocaup Med, 23, p. 660. , Letter; 
Hearne, F.T., Grose, F., Pifer, J.W., Friedlander, B.R., Raleigh, R.L., Methylene chloride mortality study: Dose-response characterization and animal model comparison (1987) J Occup Med, 29, pp. 217-238; 
Friedlander, B.R., Hearne, T., Hall, S., Epidemiologic investigation of employees chronically exposed to methylene chloride: Mortality analysis (1978) J Occup Med, 20, pp. 657-666; 
NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Dichloromethane in F344/N Rats and B6C3F, Mice (Inhalation Studies) (1986) National Toxicology Program, , US Dept of Health and Human Services, publication NIH 86–2562, NTP-TR 306; 
Webster, W.S., Clarkson, T.B., Lofland, H.B., Carbon monoxideaggravated atherosclerosis in the squirrel monkey (1970) Exp Mol Pathol, 13, pp. 36-50; 
Ott, M.G., Skory, L.K., Holder, B.B., Bronson, J.M., Williams, P.R., Health evaluation of employees occupationally exposed to methylene chloride: Mortality (1983) Scand J Work Environ Health, 9, pp. 8-16; 
(1967) Manual of the International Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, , 8th rev. Geneva: World Health Organization; 
(1977) Manual of the International Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, , 9th rev. Geneva: World Health Organization; 
Gilbert, E.S., Buchanan, J.A., An alternative approach to analyzing occupational mortality data (1984) J Occup Med, 26, pp. 822-828; 
Hakulinen, T., A Mantel-Haenszel statistic for testing the association between polychotomous exposure and a rare outcome (1981) Am J Epidemiol, 113, pp. 195-196; 
Mantel, N., Chi-square tests with one degree of freedom: Extensions of the Mantel-Haenszel procedure (1963) J Am Stat Assoc, 58, pp. 690-700; 
Scarpelli, D.G., Reddy, J.K., Longnecker, D.S., (1987) Experimental Pancreatic Carcinogenesis, , Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, Inc; 
Hearne, F.T., Pifer, J.W., Grose, F., Katz, G.V., Methylene chloride and cancer of the pancreas (1988) J Occup Med, 30, pp. 478-481. , Letter; 
Mortality of Cellulose Triacetate Production Workers (1989) Interim Report, , Chestnut Hill, Mass: Epidemiology Resources Inc, September
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Epidimiological studies on occupational cancer risk in the tanning, leather and shoe industries 
ST  - STUDE EPIDEMIOLOGIGICI SU RISCHIO CANCEROGENO ED ATTIVITA LAVORATIVA NELL'INDUSTRIA DELLA CONCIA, PELLETTERIA E CALZATURA
T2  - Medicina del Lavoro
J2  - MED. LAV.
VL  - 81
IS  - 3
SP  - 184
EP  - 211
PY  - 1990
SN  - 00257818 (ISSN) 
AU  - Costantini, A.S.
AU  - Merler, E.
AU  - Saracci, R.
AD  - Agenzia Internazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Divisione di Epidemiologia e Biostatistica, Lione, Italy
AB  - A review is made of the epidemiological studies of occupational cancer risks among tannery, leather and shoe industry workers. The risk of nasal cancer associated with exposure to leather dust, which had already been stressed at the beginning of the 1970's, was confirmed in recent studies. However, a decreasing trend of RR was observed among shoe industry workers. The excess of leukemia among shoe workers, which was mainly based on the description of numerous cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia, has also been confirmed by two cohort studies carried out in Italy and the U.K. In addition to the evident increase in these two disease, there are indications of an excess of cancer of other sites among leather and shoe workers, particularly bladder cancer, both among workers assigned to leather finishing operations and in leather goods and shoe production workers. Another interesting result is the excess of lung cancer among tannery workers. This evidence is unanimous in the studies carried out in Italy but is not supported by the majority of studies performed in other countries. For this reason, we consider it extremely important to carry out a multicentric study in Italy, with particular attention to the definition of occupational exposures to carcinogens. There are also other isolated reports of excesses of other cancers in the shoe and leather industries but in our opinion they are of dubious interpretation.
KW  - carcinogenicity
KW  - human
KW  - italy
KW  - leather industry
KW  - leukemia
KW  - occupational cancer
KW  - review
KW  - shoe industry
KW  - article
KW  - bladder tumor
KW  - comparative study
KW  - dust
KW  - female
KW  - iatrogenic disease
KW  - Italy
KW  - leukemia
KW  - lung tumor
KW  - male
KW  - neoplasm
KW  - nose tumor
KW  - occupational disease
KW  - risk factor
KW  - shoe
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - United States
KW  - Bladder Neoplasms
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Dust
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Italy
KW  - Leukemia
KW  - Lung Neoplasms
KW  - Male
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Nose Neoplasms
KW  - Occupational Diseases
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Shoes
KW  - Tanning
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :13
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: MELAA
C2  - 2277595
LA  - Italian
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025430879&partnerID=40&md5=034538f7f610941aa8fb679b0ff7f0ae
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Changes in peptic ulcer and gastritis/Duodenitis in great britain, 1970–1985
T2  - Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
J2  - J. Clin. Gastroenterol.
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
SP  - 100
EP  - 108
PY  - 1990
SN  - 01920790 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bloom, B.S.
AU  - Fendrick, A.M.
AU  - Ramsey, S.D.
AD  - Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, PA, United States
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
AB  - The signal event of the 1970s in peptic ulcer disease was the introduction of H<inf>2</inf> blockers. We examined changing direct and indirect effects of peptic ulcer and gastritis/duodenitis on the British population from 1970 to 1985. Death rates from gastric ulcer declined irregularly for all except women 65 years of age and older, in whom it increased, while for duodenal ulcer mortality declined only for men less than 65 years old and increased sharply for women 65 years and above. Mortality due to gastritis/duodenitis rose irregularly to 1980 and then fell inconsistently through 1985, and was but 1.0 to 1.5% that of peptic ulcer. Elderly women were disproportionately affected, much as with peptic ulcer. There was no significant change in essentially stable time trends for peptic ulcer perforation deaths. Hospitalizations for gastric and duodenal ulcer continued to fall through 1985 except for those age 65 years and above. Hospitalizations for peptic ulcer hemorrhage did not change overall, but the distribution favoring the elderly in the early 1970s reversed. Elderly men and women are now the most likely to bleed for both gastric and duodenal ulcer. Hospitalizations for gastritis/duodenitis increased for all populations. Peptic ulcer operations declined markedly for all groups, most for men and women less than 65 years old. Peptic ulcer as a cause of work loss declined sharply over time for men but was stable for women, while work loss due to gastritis/duodenitis plunged for both sexes beginning in 1979. Mean days off work per spell of absenteeism remained relatively constant: 35–45 days for peptic ulcer and 10–12 days for gastritis/duodenitis. Work loss due to peptic ulcer and gastritis/duodenitis declined importantly relative to that for all diagnoses. © 1990 Raven Press, Ltd., New York.
KW  - Duodenitis-great Britain
KW  - Gastritis
KW  - Peptic ulcer
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - duodenitis
KW  - female
KW  - gastritis
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - peptic ulcer
KW  - priority journal
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Absenteeism
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Cohort Effect
KW  - Duodenitis
KW  - Female
KW  - Gastritis
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Histamine H2 Antagonists
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Peptic Ulcer
KW  - Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage
KW  - Peptic Ulcer Perforation
KW  - Sex Factors
N1  - Cited By :20
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 1968072
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Bloom, B.S.; University of Pennsylvania, 2L NEB-420 Service Drive, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6020, United States
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Histamine H2 Antagonists
N1  - References: Brown, R.C., Langman, M.J.S., Lambert, P.M., Hospital admissions for peptic ulcer during 1958-1972 (1976) Br Med J, 1, pp. 35-37; 
Coggon, D., Lambert, P.M., Langman, M.J.S., 20 Years of hospital admissions for peptic ulcer in England and Wales (1981) Lancet, 1, pp. 1302-1304; 
Susser, M., Period effects, generation effects and age effects in peptic ulcer mortality (1982) J Chron Dis, 35, pp. 29-40; 
Kurata, J.H., Elashoff, J.D., Nogawa, A.N., Haile, B.M., Sex and smoking differences in duodenal ulcer mortality (1986) Am J Pub Health, 76, pp. 700-702; 
Walt, R., Logan, R., Katchinski, B., Ashley, M., Langman, M., Rising frequency of ulcer perforation in elderly people in the United Kingdom (1986) Lancet, 1, pp. 489-492; 
Weir, R.D., Perforated peptic ulcer in North-East Scotland (1960) Scottish Med J, 5, pp. 257-264; 
Jennings, D., Perforated peptic ulcer (1940) Lancet, 1, pp. 395-398, 444-447; 
Illingworth, C.F.W., Scott, L.D.W., Jamieson, R.A., Acute perforated peptic ulcer (1944) Br Med J, 2, pp. 617-620; 
Collier, D.S.J., Pain, J.A., Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and peptic ulcer perforation (1985) Gut, 26, pp. 359-363; 
Somerville, K., Faulkner, G., Langman, M., Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and bleeding peptic ulcer (1986) Lancet, 1, pp. 462-466; 
Carson, J.L., Strom, B.L., Soper, K.A., West, S.L., Morse, M.L., The association of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding (1987) Arch Intern Med, 147, pp. 85-88; 
Griffin, M.R., Ray, W.A., Schaffner, W., Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and death from peptic ulcer in elderly persons (1988) Ann Intern Med, 109, pp. 359-363; 
Bloom, B.S., Risk and cost of gastrointestinal side effects associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (1989) Arch Intern Med, 149, pp. 1019-1022; 
Guess, H.A., West, R., Strand, L.M., Fatal upper gastrointestinal hemmorhage or perforation among users and nonus-ers of non steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs in Saskatchewan, Canada, 1983 (1988) J Clin Epidemiol, 41, pp. 35-45; 
Sonnenberg, A., Disability pensions due to peptic ulcer in Germany between 1953 and 1983 (1985) Am J Epidemiol, 122, pp. 106-111; 
Payer, L., (1988) Medicine and culture, , New York: Henry Holt & Co; 
Kurata, J.H., Elashoff, J.D., Haile, B.M., Honda, G.D., A reappraisal of time trends in ulcer disease: Factors related to changes in ulcer hospitalization and mortality rates (1988) Am J Publ Health, 1, pp. 576-579; 
Management of dyspepsia: Report of a working party (1988) Lancet, 1, pp. 576-579; 
Kurata, J.H., Corboy, E.D., Current peptic ulcer time trends: An epidemiological profile (1988) J Clin Gastroenterol, 10, pp. 259-268; 
Fineberg, H.V., Pearlman, L.A., Surgical treatment of peptic ulcer in the United States: Trends before and after the introduction of cimetidine (1981) Lancet, 2, pp. 1305-1307; 
Bloom, B., Gessner, U., Long-term technology assessment: Mortality, hospitalizations and work-loss due to peptic ulcer and gastritis/duodenitis in the Federal Republic of Germany (1989) Int J Technol Assess Health Care, 5, pp. 215-226; 
Duplicate of reference 17. Deleted in proofs; Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance, (1958) Digest of statistics analysing certificates of incapacity, , London: Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance; 
Culyer, A.J., Maynard, A.K., Cost-effectiveness of duodenal ulcer treatment (1981) Social Sci Med, 15 C, pp. 3-11; 
Bulthuis, R., Cimetidine and the cost of peptic ulcer in the Netherlands (1984) Effect Health Care, 1, pp. 297-311; 
Horisberger, B., A review of the epidemiological development of peptic ulcers and an evaluation of duodenal ulcers in the Federal Republic of Germany before and after cimetidine (1983) Economic and medical evaluation of health care technologies, , Culyer AJ, Horisberger B, eds, Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 
Bloom, B.S., Fox, N.A., Jacobs, J., Patterns of care and expenditures by California Medicaid for peptic ulcer and other acid-related diseases J Clin Gastroenterol, , (in press)
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025189850&partnerID=40&md5=1b9a3731779fb989ee85f48980e99cab
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Growth patterns, health and illness in preschool children from a multi‐ethnic, poor socio‐economic status municipality of Melbourne
T2  - Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
J2  - J. Paediatr. Child Health
VL  - 26
IS  - 3
SP  - 136
EP  - 141
PY  - 1990
DO  - 10.1111/j.1440-1754.1990.tb02410.x
SN  - 10344810 (ISSN) 
AU  - CARMICHAEL, A.
AU  - WILLIAMS, H.E.
AU  - PICOT, S.G.
AD  - Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
AB  - Abstract There are little longitudinal data available for sample populations of Australian children. Previous findings from the Brunswick Family Study, unlike earlier overseas studies, have shown that adverse family and social factors were not associated with growth abnormalities. Follow‐up of 224 children from the cohort at 4 years of age has confirmed absence of significant growth disturbances, no mortality between 1 and 4 years, and serious morbidity due to organic illness in only 4% of the sample. However, 22% of the 4 year olds were found to have behaviour disturbances. These findings from a multi‐ethnic, poorer socio‐economic status population sample illustrate the importance of behaviour disturbances as one aspect of the new morbidity in Australian paediatrics and indicate that the once prevalent growth failure and organic morbidity consequent to family and social disadvantage have all but disappeared. Copyright © 1990, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
KW  - behaviour
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - family functioning
KW  - growth
KW  - preschool children
KW  - article
KW  - Australia
KW  - behavior disorder
KW  - family
KW  - growth
KW  - human
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - morbidity
KW  - normal human
KW  - priority journal
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - school child
KW  - social aspect
N1  - Cited By :6
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 2206612
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: CARMICHAEL, A.; Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
N1  - References: Douglas, J.W.B., Blomfield, J.M., (1958) Children Under Five, , George Allen and Unwin,. London; 
Spence, J.C., Walton, W.S., Miller, F.J.W., Court, S.D.M., (1954) A Thousand Families in Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, , Oxford University Press, London; 
Miller, F.J.W., Court, S.D.M., Knox, E.G., Walton, W.S., (1960) Growing Up in Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne, , Oxford University Press, London; 
Davie, R., Butler, N., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven (Report of NCDS), , Longman, London; 
Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Haslum, M., Stewart‐Brown, S., Recent findings from the 1970 child health and education study: Preliminary communication (1982) J. Roy Soc. Med., 75, pp. 781-784; 
Werner Emery, E., Bierman, J.M., French, F.E., (1971) The Children of Kauar: A Longitudinal Study from the Prenatal Period to Age 10, , University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu; 
Silva, P.A., (1976) A Thousand Dunedin Three Year Olds: A Multidisciplinary Study of Child Development, , Research Report to the Medical Research Council of New Zealand; 
Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Shannon, F.T., Birth placement and childhood disadvantage (1981) Soc. Sci. Med., 15 E, pp. 315-326; 
Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Gratton, M.E., Shannon, F.T., Family life events. maternal depression and child rearing problems (1985) Pediatrica., 75, pp. 30-35; 
Carmichael, A., Williams, H.E., Infant health and family function in a poor socio‐economic status multi‐ethnic municipality (1983) Aust. Paediatr. J., 19, pp. 61-67; 
Carmichael, A., Williams, H.E., Patterns of illness in an infant population in a poor socio‐economic status multi‐ethnic municipality (1983) Aust. Paediatr. J., 19, pp. 68-72; 
Carmichael, A., Williams, H.E., Use of health care services in a poor socio‐economic status multi‐ethnic municipality in Melbourne (1983) Aust. Paediatr. J., 19, pp. 225-229; 
Richman, N., Graham, P., A behaviour screening questionnaire for use with 3‐year‐old children (1971) J. Child. Psychol. Psychiat., 12, pp. 5-33; 
Richman, N., Stevenson, J., Graham, P.J., Prevalence of behaviour problems in 3‐year‐old children: An epidemiological study in a London borough (1975) J. Child. Psychol. Psychiat., 16, pp. 277-287; 
Henderson, R.F., (1975) Poverty in Australia, , Commission of Inquiry into Poverty. AGPS,. Canberra; 
(1986) Poverty Lines: Australia. November, 1985, , University of Melbourne, Parkville; 
Moss, F.J.W., Plewis, I., Mental distress in mothers of preschool children in inner London (1977) Psychol. Med., 7, pp. 641-654; 
Wing, J.K., Nixon, J.M., Mann, S.A., Left, J.P., Reliability of the PSE (ninth edition) used in a population study (1977) Psychol. Med., 7, pp. 505-516; 
Neligan, G.A., Prudham, D., Steiner, H., (1974) The Formative Years (Birth, Family and Development in Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne), , Oxford University Press, London; 
Lacey, K.A., Parkin, J.M., The normal short child (1974) Arch. Dis. Child, 49, pp. 417-424; 
Boulton, T.J.C., Nutrition in childhood and its relationships to early somatic growth, body fat, blood pressure and physical fitness (1981) Acta Paediatr. Scand.; 
Gracey, M., Hitchcock, N.E., Studies of growth of Australian infants. (1985) Nutritional Needs and Assessment of Normal Growth. Nestle Nutrition, pp. 139-164. , Gracey M., Falkner F., eds, Vevey/Raven Press, New York; 
(1981) NHMRC Percentille Charts (charts and tables of heights, masses and head circumferences of infants, children and adolescents), , AGPS, Canberra; 
Bialestock, D., Neglected babies: A study of 289 babies admitted consecutively to a reception centre (1966) Med J Aust, pp. 1129-1133; 
Oates, R.K., Yu, J.S., Children with non‐organic failure to thrive: A community problem (1971) Med. J. Aust., 2, pp. 199-203; 
Hufton, I.W., Oates, R.K., Non‐organic failure to thrive (1977) Pediatrica, 59, pp. 73-77; 
Rutter, M., Tizard, J., Whitmore, K., (1970) Education, Health and Behaviour: Isle of Wight Survey, 1964‐65, , Longman, London; 
Bridges‐Webb, C., The Traralgon health and illness survey, part 2: Prevalence of illness and use of health care (1974) International Journal of Epidemiology, 3, pp. 37-46; 
Williams, H.E., Chronic or recurrent disorders in children. (1979) The Health and Social Survey of the North‐West Region of Melbourne, , Krupinski J., Mackenzie A., eds,. Special Publication No. 7, Health Commission of Victoria, Melbourne; 
Earls, F.E., Richman, N., The prevalence of behaviour problems in the three‐year‐old children of West Indies‐born parents (1980) J. Child Psychol. Psychiat., 21, pp. 99-106; 
Williams, H.E., Carmichael, A., Depression in mothers and behaviour problems with their preschool children (1990) Aust. Paediatr. J.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025316383&doi=10.1111%2fj.1440-1754.1990.tb02410.x&partnerID=40&md5=d489da618c1cd74462cf2fbd56344364
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Female sterilization: a review of methods, morbidity, failure rates and medicolegal aspects
T2  - Contemporary Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynaecology
J2  - CONTEMP. REV. OBSTET. GYNAECOL.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
SP  - 176
EP  - 182
PY  - 1990
SN  - 09539182 (ISSN) 
AU  - Newton, J.
AU  - McCormack, J.
AD  - Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Birmingham Maternity Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TG, United Kingdom
AB  - Introduced in England in 1967, laparoscopic sterilization has effected a radical change in female sterilization which 1st consisted of electrocoagulation of the Fallopian tubes. Mechanical methods have since basically replaced electrocoagulation, such as tubal rings and clips. In the mid 1970s, the Filshie clip emerged and has since become the most common form of laparoscopic technique. Research demonstrates that it has a low incidence of surgical difficulty, low morbidity, and low failure rates. Other means of accessing the tubes include minilaparotomy and culdotomy (common in India). Generally women undergo general anesthesia for sterilization. Overall morbidity and mortality (10/10,000) following female sterilization is low. Early morbidity may include surgical complications (bleeding during surgery or torn tubes), technical failure (.6-1% for various laparoscopic techniques), and hemorrhage. Few long term follow up studies have taken place, but possible long term adverse effects are abdominal pain, pain during sexual intercourse, changes in menstruation, and a need for gynecologic surgery. Failure rates vary depending on the method, surgical approach, surgeon skill, and type of patient. The highest failure rate of a laparoscopic or minilaparotomy approach lies with culdotomy (7-15/1000) and the lowest with thermal coagulation (1/1000). The laparotomy approach may be as high as 14/1000. Between 1970-1980, the number of litigations have increased because of sterilization failure. These cases have showed a consistent pattern: insufficient patient information, poor notes with no indications of any counseling, little written information for patients to support verbal counseling, and illegible and meager operation notes.
KW  - complication
KW  - female
KW  - female sterilization
KW  - legal aspect
KW  - methodology
KW  - morbidity
KW  - normal human
KW  - review
KW  - surgery
KW  - Anesthesia
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Clips
KW  - Contraception
KW  - Contraception Failure
KW  - Contraceptive Usage
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Diseases
KW  - Electrocoagulation
KW  - Equipment And Supplies
KW  - Europe
KW  - Family Planning
KW  - Female Sterilization
KW  - Gynecologic Surgery
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Litigation
KW  - Minilaparotomy
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Northern Europe
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Psychological Factors
KW  - Regret
KW  - Sterilization, Sexual
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Treatment
KW  - Tubal Occlusion
KW  - Tubal Rings
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Urogenital Surgery
KW  - Vaginal Approach
KW  - Anesthesia
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Contraception
KW  - Contraception Behavior
KW  - Demography
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Disease
KW  - Electrocoagulation
KW  - Emotions
KW  - Equipment and Supplies
KW  - Europe
KW  - Family Planning
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Gynecologic Surgical Procedures
KW  - Jurisprudence
KW  - Laparotomy
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Psychology
KW  - Sterilization, Sexual
KW  - Sterilization, Tubal
KW  - Surgery
KW  - Surgical Instruments
KW  - Therapeutics
N1  - Cited By :14
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CROGE
C2  - 12283859
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0025145318&partnerID=40&md5=fed70a6cb5bf1fd2302a4a75e7bac1d0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Age related changes in age of starting to smoke
T2  - Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
J2  - J. Clin. Epidemiol.
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
SP  - 133
EP  - 140
PY  - 1990
DO  - 10.1016/0895-4356(90)90176-P
SN  - 08954356 (ISSN) 
AU  - Weinkam, J.J.
AU  - Sterling, T.D.
AD  - School of Computing Science, Faculty of Applied Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
AB  - The Average Age of Starting to Smoke (AASS) has been reported to decline for younger birth cohorts. That apparent decline has been used to support a conclusion of an increase in smoking among younger individuals. However, in some cases the apparent decline is an artifact of the method of computation which arises when the quantity being averaged is related to a quantity used to classify subjects for comparison. In one other case, a second type of error arises because the distribution of smoking initiation with age changed in such a way that the proportion of individuals taking up smoking at older ages declined more rapidly than the proportion starting at younger ages. In fact, comparison of the 1970 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to the 1979/80 NHIS shows a uniform decrease in starting to smoke among teens and preteens. Examples are discussed which show that estimates of possible disease related factors actually experienced by a cohort are possible only if other suitable data are available for comparable representative sections of the population at different time periods and for different ages. © 1990.
KW  - Age dependent errors
KW  - Average Age of Starting to Smoke
KW  - Smoking patterns
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - error
KW  - ethnic or racial aspects
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - interview
KW  - male
KW  - methodology
KW  - priority journal
KW  - school child
KW  - smoking habit
KW  - statistics
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Child
KW  - Data Interpretation, Statistical
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Surveys
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :11
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JCEPE
C2  - 2303843
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Weinkam, J.J.; School of Computing Science, Faculty of Applied Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
N1  - References: Sutherland, Recent studies in the epidemiology of tuberculosis, based on the risk of being infected with tubercle bacilli (1976) Adv Tuberc Res, 19, pp. 1-63; 
Stellman, Garfinkel, Smoking habits and tar levels in a new American Cancer Society prospective study of 1.2 million men and women (1986) J Natl Cancer Inst, 76, p. 1057; 
U.S.D.H.H., (1989) Reducing the health consequences of smoking: 25 years of progress. A Report of the Surgeon General, , [DHHS publication No. (CDC)89-8411], U.S. Dept Health Hum Services: Office of Smoking and Health; 
U.S. Public Health Service, Smoking and Health, (1979) A Report of the Surgeon General, , [DHEW publication No. (PBS)70-50066], U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington DC; 
Davis, (1986) Statement of the American Medical Association to the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, , United States House of Representatives: Committee on Commerce and Energy; 
(1984) Women's Health Report of the Public Health Service Task Force of Women's Health Issues, 2. , Department of Health and Human Services, October; 
Kandel, Logan, Patterns of drug use from adolescence to young adulthood: I. Periods of risk for initiation, continued use, and discontinuation (1984) Am J Public Health, 74, p. 660; 
La Vecchia, Patterns of cigarette smoking and trends in lung cancer mortality in Italy (1958) Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 39, p. 157; 
Harris, Cigarette smoking among successive birth cohorts of men and women in the United States during 1900–1980 (1983) J Natl Cancer Inst, 71, p. 473; 
JAPHA, Editorial News to the Journal from NCHS (1987) American Journal of Public Health, 77, p. 1502; 
National Center for Health Statistics. Statistical Design of the Health Interview Survey, (PHS Publication 584-A2); (1958) Concepts and Definitions in the Health Interview Survey, , U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, (Public Health Publication 584-A3)Public Health Service; 
Weinkam, Sterling, Changes in smoking characteristics by type of employment (1987) Am J Ind Med, 11, p. 539; 
Warren, Longevity and cause of death from irradiation in physicians (1956) J Am Med Assoc, 162, p. 464; 
Seltser, Sartwell, Ionizing radiation and longevity of physicians (1958) J Am Med Assoc, 166, p. 585; 
Green, (1979) Teenage Smoking: Immediate and Longterm Patterns, , National Institute of Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Intraoral squamous cell carcinoma: Epidemiologic patterns in connecticut from 1935 to 1985
T2  - Cancer
J2  - Cancer
VL  - 66
IS  - 6
SP  - 1288
EP  - 1296
PY  - 1990
DO  - 10.1002/1097-0142(19900915)66:6<1288::AID-CNCR2820660632>3.0.CO;2-N
SN  - 0008543X (ISSN) 
AU  - Chen, J.
AU  - Katz, R.V.
AU  - Krutchkoff, D.J.
AD  - Department of Oral Diagnosis, Pathology, University of Connecticut at Farmington, Farmington, Connecticut, United States
AD  - Department of Behavioral Sciences and Community Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut at Farmington, Farmington, Connecticut, United States
AB  - There were 6181 cases of invasive intraoral squamous cell carcinoma accessioned by the Connecticut State Tumor Registry from 1935 to 1985. Cases were analyzed for age, sex, lesion site, and histologic differentiation. Crude, age‐specific, and age‐ adjusted incidence rates plus birth cohort analyses were also calculated. It was found that incidence rates for both men and women increased over the 51‐year period of study. For men, age‐adjusted incidence rates (1970 United States standard) increased from 4.9/100,000 in 1935 to 1939 to 8.5/100,000 in 1980 to 1985; for women, rates increased from 0.5/100,000 to 3.3/100,000 for the same period. The male‐to‐female ratio for intraoral squamous cell carcinoma declined dramatically from 9.8 to 2.6 during the 51‐year study period primarily because of the steep rate of increased incidence in women relative to that seen in men. The peak age of intraoral squamous cell carcinoma was the seventh decade. Age‐specific analysis showed that the older the age group, the higher the incidence for both sexes. During recent years, there was evidence of slightly increased incidence in men younger than 40. The tongue was the most common site for intraoral squamous cell carcinoma, followed closely by the floor of the mouth. Moderately differentiated tumors were most common (54.3% of the total), followed by both well‐differentiated cases (29.1%) and those that were poorly differentiated (16.6%). Copyright © 1990 American Cancer Society
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - cancer incidence
KW  - female
KW  - histology
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mouth carcinoma
KW  - priority journal
KW  - sex difference
KW  - squamous cell carcinoma
KW  - tongue carcinoma
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
KW  - Connecticut
KW  - Female
KW  - Gingival Neoplasms
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Mouth Floor
KW  - Mouth Neoplasms
KW  - Registries
KW  - Sex Factors
N1  - Cited By :67
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 2400977
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Chen, J.; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 4384 Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, M5S I A8, Canada
N1  - References: Silverberg, E, Lubera J. Cancer statistics, 1987 (1987) Ca, 37, pp. 2-19; 
Lucas, RB., (1972) Pathology of Tumors of the Oral Tissues, pp. 121-146. , ed. 2., London, Churchill Livingstone; 
Rowe, NH., Oral cancer: General considerations (1974) J Mich Dent Assoc, 56, pp. 242-247; 
Wahi, PN., The epidemiology of oral and oropharyngeal cancer: A report of the study in Mainpuri district Uttar Pradesh, India (1968) Bull WHO, 38, pp. 495-521; 
Mahboubi, E., The epidemiology of oral cavity, pharyngeal and esophageal cancer outside of North America and Western Europe (1977) Cancer, 40, pp. 1879-1886; 
Pindborg, JJ., Epidemiological studies on oral cancer (1977) Int Dent J, 27, pp. 172-178; 
Smith, EM., Epidemiology of oral and pharyngeal cancer in the United States: Review of recent literature (1979) J Natl Cancer Inst, 63, pp. 1189-1198; 
Chen, J, Katz, RV, Krutchkoff, DJ., Epidemiology of oral cancer in Connecticut: 1935‐85 (1990) Cancer, 65, pp. 2796-2802; 
(1976) World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, pp. 1-3. , ed. 1, Geneva, World Health Organization; 
World Health Organization. Histological typing of oral and oropharyngeal tumors (1971) International Histological Classification of Tumors, pp. 17-18. , Geneva, World Health Organization; 
Chen, J., (1988) Descriptive epidemiology of oral cancer in Connecticut, , 1935–1985 (Thesis)., Farmington, University of Connecticut; 
Chen, J, Katz, RV, Krutchkoff, DJ., Epidemiology of oral cancer in Connecticut: (1989) J Dent Res, 68 (910). , 1935–85 (Abstr); 
Shedd, DP, von Essen, CF, Ferraro, RH, Connelly, RR, Eisenberg, H., Cancer of tongue in Connecticut,1935–1959 (1968) Cancer, 21, pp. 89-96; 
Shedd, DP, von Essen, CF, Connelly, RR, Eisnberg, H., Cancer of the floor of the mouth in Connecticut (1968) Cancer, 21, pp. 1935-1959. , 97, 101; 
Waldron, CA., Oral epithelial tumors. (1970) Thoma's Oral Pathology, pp. 801-860. , Gorlin RJ, Goldman HM, ed. 6, St. Louis, CV Mosby; 
Shafer, WG, Hine, MK, Levy, BM., (1983) A Textbook of Oral Pathology, pp. 112-119. , ed. 4, Philadelphia, WB Saunders; 
Wynder, EL, Bross, IJ, Feldman, RM., A study of the etiological factors in cancer of the mouth (1957) Cancer, 10, pp. 1300-1323; 
Moore, C., Smoking and mouth‐throat cancer (1964) Am J Surg, 108, pp. 565-569; 
Vogler, WR, Lloyd, JW, Milmore, BK., A retrospective study of etiological factors in cancer of the mouth, pharynx and larynx (1962) Cancer, 15, pp. 246-258; 
Doll, R., Cancer related to smoking. (1972) The Second World Conference on Smoking and Health, pp. 10-16. , Richardson RG, London, Pitman House; 
Hartselle, ML., Oral carcinoma as related to the use of tobacco (1977) Ala J Med Sci, 14, pp. 188-194; 
Mahboubi, E, Sayed, GM., Oral cavity and pharynx. (1982) Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, pp. 583-595. , Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF, Philadelphia, WB Saunders; 
Harris, JE., Cigarette smoking among successive birth cohorts of men and women in the United States during 1900–80 (1983) J Natl Cancer Inst, 71, pp. 473-479; 
Squier, CA., Smokeless tobacco and oral cancer: A cause for concern? (1984) Ca, 34, pp. 242-247; 
(1986) United States Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Using Smokeless Tobacco: A Report of the Surgeon General, pp. 86-2874. , Bethesda, MD, National Institute of Health, ; DHHS publication no. (NIH); 
Christen, AG., The case against smokeless tobacco: Five facts for the health professional to consider (1980) J Am Dent Assoc, 101, pp. 464-469; 
Harper, S., In tobacco, where there's smokeless fire (1980) Advertising Age, 5, pp. 85-86; 
White, DK, Miller, AS, Gomez, L., Occurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma in persons under 50 years of age (1978) Philadelphia Medicine, 6, pp. 442-443; 
Shemen, L, Klotz, J, Schotenfeld, D, Strong, EW., Increase of tongue cancer in young men (Letter) (1984) JAMA, 252 (1857); 
Devesa, SS, Silverman, DT, Young, JL, Cancer incidence and mortality trends among whites in the United States, 1947‐84 (1987) J Natl Cancer Inst, 79, pp. 701-742; 
Mashberg, A, Meyers, H., Anatomical site and size of 222 early asymptomatic oral squamous cell carcinomas: A continuing prospective study of oral cancer II (1976) Cancer, 37, pp. 2149-2157; 
Rich, AM, Radden, BG., Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosas: A review of 244 cases in Australia (1984) J Oral Pathol, 13, pp. 459-471; 
Lederman, M., Bucco‐pharyngeal cancer (1956) Br J Radiol, 29, pp. 536-543; 
Lederman, M., The anatomy of cancer (1964) J Laryngol Otol, 78, pp. 181-208; 
Tan, KN., Oral cancer in Australia (1969) Aust Dent J, 14, pp. 50-56; 
Easson, EC, Palmer, MK., Prognostic factors in oral cancer (1976) Clin Oncol, 2, pp. 191-202; 
Krolls, SO, Hoffman, S., Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral soft tissues: A statistical analysis of 14,253 cases by age, sex, and race of patients (1976) J Am Dent Assoc, 92, pp. 571-574; 
Langdon, JD., Epidemiology and aetiology. (1985) Malignant Tumors of the Oral Cavity, pp. 1-13. , Henk JM, Langdon JD, London, Edward Arnold
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Volume-corrected mitotic index in human pancreatic cancer: Relation to histologic grade, clinical stage, and prognosis
T2  - Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
J2  - Scand. J. Gastroenterol.
VL  - 25
IS  - 6
SP  - 548
EP  - 554
PY  - 1990
DO  - 10.3109/00365529009095529
SN  - 00365521 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lipponen, P.K.
AU  - Eskelinen, M.J.
AU  - Collan, Y.
AU  - Marin, S.
AU  - Alhava, E.
AD  - Dept. of Pathology and Surgery, University Central Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
AD  - Dept. of Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
AB  - A retrospective study was performed on 59 pancreatic cancer patients diagnosed during 1970-1988. The mean follow-up time of all individual patients was 6.9 months (range, 0-37 months). Histologic grade, clinical stage (UICC), and volume-corrected mitotic index (M/V index) were correlated to the survival of patients. Histologic grade (p = 0.167) and clinical stage (p = 0.066) were not related to overall survival with statistical significance. The M/V index was significantly associated with overall survival (p = 0.004). M/V index (p = 0.004), clinical stage (p = 0.029), and histologic grade (p = 0.126) predicted survival at 1 year after diagnosis. M/V index divided grade-II tumors into two prognostically different groups (p = 0.050). Seven of 59 patients who survived more than 12 months had an M/V index < 2, and patients who survived less than 6 months had significantly higher M/V index values (chi-square = 528.3, p < 0.001). The metastasizing potential of pancreatic cancer and lymph node involvement was also associated with the M/V index. Histologic grade and M/V index were positively correlated (chi-square = 38.6, p < 0.001, r = 0.702). On the basis of our results, it seems that the M/V index is better than histologic grade or clinical stage in predicting survival of pancreatic cancer patients. This result suggests the potential use of the M/V index in selecting patients for different modes of therapy. © 1990 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Clinical stage
KW  - Histologic grade
KW  - Pancreatic cancer
KW  - Survival
KW  - Volume-corrected mitotic index
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mitosis index
KW  - pancreas cancer
KW  - priority journal
KW  - survival
KW  - Adenocarcinoma
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Aneuploidy
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Mitosis
KW  - Mitotic Index
KW  - Neoplasm Staging
KW  - Pancreatic Neoplasms
KW  - Retrospective Studies
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :23
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SJGRA
C2  - 2359985
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Eskelinen, M.J.; Dept. of Surgery, University Central Hospital of Kuopio, SF-70210, Kuopio, Finland
N1  - References: Cubilla, A.L., Fitzgerald, P.J., Fortner, J.G., Pancreas cancer-duct cell adenocarcinoma: survival in relation to site, size, stage and type of therapy (1978) J Surg Oncol, 10, pp. 465-482; 
Kummerle, F., Ruckert, K., Surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer (1984) World J Surg, 8, pp. 889-894; 
Klöppel, G., Pancreatic non-endocrine tumours (1984) Pancreatic pathology, pp. 79-113. , Eds. G Klöppel, P U. Heitz. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh; 
Cubilla, A.L., Fitzgerald, P.J., Tumors of the exocrine pancreas (1984) Atlas of tumor pathology, second series, Fasc. 19, , AFIP, Washington, DC; 
Matsuno, S., Sato, S., Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the pancreas (1986) Am J Surg, 152, pp. 499-504; 
Andren-Sandberg, A., Ihse, I., Factors influencing survival after total pancreatectomy in patients with pancreatic cancer (1983) Ann Surg, 198, pp. 605-610; 
Yamaguchi, K., Enjoji, M., Carcinoma of the pancreas: a clinicopathological study of 96 cases with immunohistochemical observations (1989) Jpn J Clin Oncol, 19, pp. 14-22; 
Henson, D.E., The histological grading of neoplasms (1988) Arch Pathol Lab Med, 112, pp. 1091-1096; 
Klöppel, G., Lingenthal, G., Von Bulow, M., Kern, H.F., Histological and fine structural features of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas in relation to growth and prognosis: studies in xenografted tumours and clinicopathological correlation in a series of 75 cases (1985) Histopathology, 9, pp. 841-856; 
Mannell, A., Van Heerden, J.A., Weiland, L.N.H., Ilstrup, D.M., Factors influencing survival after resection for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas (1986) Ann Surg, 203, pp. 403-407; 
Trede, M., Surgical treatment of pancreatic carcinoma (1985) Surgery, 97, pp. 28-35; 
Van Heerden, J.A., Pancreatic resection for carcinoma of the pancreas: Whipple versus total pancreatectomy-an institutional perspective (1984) World J Surg, 8, pp. 880-888; 
Kaiser, M.H., Barkin, J., MacIntyrne, J.M., Pancreatic cancer: assessment of prognosis by clinical presentation (1985) Cancer, 56, pp. 397-402; 
Collan, Y., Reproducibility, the neglected cornerstone of medical diagnostics (1982) Morphometry in morphological diagnosis, , Eds. Y Collan, T Romppanen. Kuopio University Press, Kuopio Finland; 
Haapasalo, H., Collan, Y., Volume corrected mitotic index (M/V index) the standard of mitotic activity in neoplasms (1989) Pathol Res Pract, 185, pp. 551-554; 
Haapasalo, H., Collan, Y., Atkin, N.B., Pesonen, E., Seppä, A., Prognosis of ovarian carcinomas: prediction by histoquantitative methods (1989) Histopathology, 15, pp. 167-178; 
Lipponen, P.K., Collan, Y., Eskelinen, M., Pesonen, E., Sotarauta, M., Volume corrected mitotic index (M/V index) in bladder cancer; relation to histological grade (WHO), clinical stage (UICC), and survival (1989) Scand J Urol Nephrol, , in press; 
(1987) TNM classification of malignant tumours., , 4th ed. Eds. P Hermannek, L H. Sobin. Springer, Berlin; 
Armitage, P., Berry, G., (1988) Statistical methods in medical research., , 2nd ed Blackwell, London; 
Abe, M., Shibamoto, Y., Takahashi, M., Manabe, T., Tobe, T., Inamoto, T., Intraoperative radiotherapy in carcinoma of the stomach and pancreas (1987) World J Surg, 11, pp. 459-464; 
Warshaw, A.L., Swanson, R.S., Pancreatic cancer in 1988 Possibilities and probabilities (1988) Ann Surg, 208, pp. 541-553; 
Silverberg, S.G., Reproducibility of the mitosis count in the histologic diagnosis of smooth muscle tumors of the uterus (1976) Hum Pathol, 7, pp. 451-454; 
Norris, H.J., Mitosis counting [Editorial] (1976) Hum Pathol, 7, pp. 483-484; 
Montironi, R., Collan, Y., Scarpelli, M., Reproducibility of mitosis counts and identification of mitotic figures in malignant glial tumors (1988) Appl Pathol, 6, pp. 258-265; 
Dallenbach, F., Komitowski, D., Digital picture analysis of borderline papillary serous cystadenomas of the ovary (1982) Ovarial-tumoren, pp. 158-166. , Ed. Dallenbach-Hellweg. Springer, Berlin; 
Bullough, W.S., Mitotic activity in tissue of dead mice and in tissues kept in physiological salt solution (1950) Exp Cell Res, 1, pp. 410-420; 
Collan, Y., General principles of grading lesions in diagnostic histopathology (1989) Pathol Res Pract, 185, pp. 539-543; 
Collan, Y., Pesonen, E., Morphometric methods as diagnostic tests in grading in histopathology (1987) Acta Stereol, 6, pp. 443-448
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - National Estimates of Cohabitation
T2  - Demography
J2  - Demography
VL  - 26
IS  - 4
SP  - 615
EP  - 625
PY  - 1989
DO  - 10.2307/2061261
SN  - 00703370 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bumpass, L.L.
AU  - Sweet, J.A.
AD  - Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin, 4412 Social Science Building, Madison, 53706, Wisconsin, United States
AB  - Data from the 1987-1988 National Survey of Families and Households are used to provide national estimates of cohabitation trends and levels. The rapid increase since around 1970 is documented over both birth cohorts and marriage cohorts. Almost half of the persons in their early 30s and half of the recently married have cohabited. Changes in the proportion ever married are compared with changes in the proportion who have either married or cohabited. Much of the decline in marriage has been offset by increased living together without being married. The stability of unions of various types is compared. Cohabitations end very quickly in either marriage or disruption. About 60 percent of all first cohabitations result in marriage. Cohabiting unions and marriages preceded by cohabitation are much more likely to break up than are unions initiated by marriage. Multivariate analysis reveals higher rates of cohabitation among women, whites, persons who did not complete high school, and those from families who received welfare or who lived in a single-parent family while growing up. © 1989 Population Association of America.
KW  - cohabitation
KW  - marriage
KW  - multi-variate analysis
KW  - national estimate
KW  - USA
KW  - article
KW  - attitude
KW  - family size
KW  - housing
KW  - marriage
KW  - prevalence
KW  - United States
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Family Characteristics
KW  - Housing
KW  - Marriage
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :312
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 2583320
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Bumpass, L.L.; Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin, 4412 Social Science Building, Madison, 53706, Wisconsin, United States
N1  - References: Balakrishnan, T.R., Rao, K.V., Lapierre-Adamcyk, E., Krotki, K.J., A hazard model analysis of the covariates of marriage dissolution in Canada (1987) Demography, 24, pp. 395-406; 
Bennett, N.G., Blanc, A.K., Bloom, D.E., Commitment and the modern union (1988) American Sociological Review, 53, pp. 127-138; 
Booth, A., Johnson, D., Premarital cohabitation and marital success (1988) Journal of Family Issues, 9, pp. 255-272; 
Bracher, M., Santow, G., (1988) Changing Family Composition From Australian Life-History Data, , Working Paper 6, Australian Family Project, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; 
Castro Martin, T., Bumpass, L.L., Recent trends and differentials in marital disruption (1989) Demography, 26, pp. 37-51; 
Clayton, R.R., Voss, H.I., Shacking up: Cohabitation in the 1970s (1977) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 39, pp. 273-283; 
Glick, P. C., and A. J. Norton. 1977. Marrying, divorcing and living together in the U.S. today. Population Bulletin 32(5); Leridon, H., Villeneuve-Gokalp, C., Les nouveaux couples: Nombre, caractéristiques et attitudes (1988) Population (French Edition), 43, pp. 331-374; 
Sweet, J.A., (1979) Estimates of Levels, Trends and Characteristics of the “Living Together” Population From the Current Population Survey, , CDE Working Paper 79-49, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison; 
Sweet, J. A., and L. L. Bumpass. 1974. Differentials in marital instability of the black population: 1970. Phylon 35(3); Sweet, J.A., (1987) American Families and Households, , Russell Sage Foundation, New York; 
Sweet, J. A., L. L. Bumpass, and V. R. A. Call. 1988. The Design and Content of the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH1). Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Tanfer, K., Patterns of premarital cohabitation among never-married women in the United States (1987) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 49, pp. 483-498; 
Thornton, A., Marriage and cohabitation in the 1980s (1988) Demography, 25, pp. 497-508; 
Willis, R. J., and R. T. Michael. 1988. Innovation in Family Formation: Evidence on Cohabitation in the U.S. Paper presented at International Union for the Scientific Study of Population Seminar, Sendai City, Japan; Zelnik, M., Kantner, J.F., Sexual activity, contraceptive use and pregnancy among metropolitan area teenagers: 1971–1979 (1980) Family Planning Perspectives, 12 (5), pp. 229-233
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Hepatitis B virus infection in Northern Ireland 1970-1987.
T2  - Ulster Medical Journal
J2  - Ulster Med J
VL  - 58
IS  - 1
SP  - 72
EP  - 82
PY  - 1989
SN  - 00416193 (ISSN) 
AU  - Connolly, J.H.
AU  - McClelland, W.M.
AU  - O'Neill, H.J.
AU  - Crowley, D.
AB  - In the 18 years between 1970 and 1987, 504 patients were found to have hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in their blood. Acute hepatitis was present in 184 patients and six died (3.3%). The annual incidence of acute hepatitis B virus infection in Northern Ireland was about one-quarter that of England and Wales. A decrease in acute infection occurred in 1986-87, while in England and Wales acute infection has fallen by more than half since the peak in 1984. Hepatitis B virus infection in health care staff and patients in high risk groups were reviewed: 32% were in those of foreign origin or who had known foreign contacts. In blood donors there was a marked fall in incidence of hepatitis B surface antigen carriage from 1982 onwards: the incidence in antenatal patients and those screened for rubella antibody (mainly females) was half that of new blood donors in 1972-81. Carrier rates in blood donors and antenatal patients were less than those from other parts of the United Kingdom. All indices show that Northern Ireland has a lower incidence of hepatitis B virus infection than the rest of the United Kingdom.
KW  - hepatitis B surface antigen
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - disease transmission
KW  - female
KW  - hepatitis B
KW  - heterozygote
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Carrier State
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Hepatitis B
KW  - Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Northern Ireland
N1  - Cited By :6
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 2788948
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Connolly, J.H.
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024642466&partnerID=40&md5=dbd6a88ed63ae77d714047ff1dc06e54
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Predictors of Dyslexia?
T2  - The Irish Journal of Psychology
J2  - Ir. J. Psychol.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
SP  - 622
EP  - 630
PY  - 1989
DO  - 10.1080/03033910.1989.10557776
SN  - 03033910 (ISSN) 
AU  - Haslum, M.N.
AD  - Department of Nursing, Health and Applied Social Studies, Bristol Polytechnic, Frenchay, Bristol, BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
AB  - Data from the Birth, Five year and Ten year studies of the 1970 British Births Cohort Study were investigated for associations between other variables and membership of a group of dyslexics identified at age 10 years. Binary associations and the results of stepwise multiple regression techniques are examined and discussed. © 1989, Psychological Society of Ireland. All rights reserved.
N1  - Cited By :31
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Haslum, M.N.; Department of Nursing, Health and Applied Social Studies, Bristol Polytechnic, Frenchay, Bristol, BS16 1QY, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Butler, N.R., Golding, J., (1986) From Birth to Five: A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's Five Year Olds., , Oxford: Pergamon; 
Butler, N.R., Haslum, M.N., Barker, W., Morris, A.C., (1982) Child Health and Education Study: Report to the Department of Education and Science on the 10 Year Follow-up., , University of Bristol; 
Done, D.J., Miles, T.R., (1988) Practical Aspects of Memory: Current Research and Issues, 2. , M. M. Gruneberg, P. E. Morris & R. N. Sykes Chichester: Wiley; 
Elliott, C.D., Murray, D.J., Pearson, L.S., (1978) The British Ability Scales., , Windsor: NFER-Nelson; 
Ellis, N.C., Miles, T.R., (1977) Dyslexia as a limitation in the ability to process information., 27, pp. 72-81. , Bulletin of the Orton Society (now Annals of Dyslexia); 
Lazarsfeld, P., (1955) Survey Design and Analysis., , Foreword. In H. Hyman, New York: The Free Press; 
Miles, T.R., (1982) The Bangor Dyslexia Test., , Cambridge: Learning Development Aids; 
Miles, T.R., (1983) Dyslexia: The Pattern of Difficulties., , Oxford: Blackwell; 
Miles, T.R., (1986) On the persistence of dyslexic difficulties into adulthood., , G.T. Pavlidis D. E. Fisher (Eds), Dyslexia: Its Neuropsychology and Treatment. Chichester: Wiley; 
Miles, T.R., Haslum, M.N., (1986) Dyslexia: Anomaly or normal variation? Annals of Dyslexia, 36, pp. 103-117; 
Osborn, A., Butler, N.R., Morris, A.C., (1984) The Social Life of Britain's Five Year Olds., , London: Routledge & Kegan Paul; 
Peters, T.J., Golding, J., Lawrence, C.J., Fryer, J.G., Chamberlain, G.V.P., Butler, N.R., (1984) Early Human Development, 9, pp. 225-239; 
Spring, C., Capps, C., (1974) Journal of Educational Psychology, 66, pp. 780-786; 
Stanley, G., Hall, R., (1973) British Journal of Educational Psychology, 43, pp. 301-304; 
Stirling, E.G., Miles, T.R., (1988) Annals of Dyslexia, 38, pp. 50-72; 
Thomas, P.W., Haslum, M.N., MacGillivray, I., Golding, G., (1989) Early Human Development, 19, pp. 147-152; 
Thomson, M.E., (1982) British Journal of Psychology, 12, pp. 461-478
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84963201827&doi=10.1080%2f03033910.1989.10557776&partnerID=40&md5=eaa0a46526a118794d234b64ab2e9a7c
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cerebral palsy in two national cohort studies
T2  - Archives of Disease in Childhood
J2  - Arch. Dis. Child.
VL  - 64
IS  - 6
SP  - 848
EP  - 852
PY  - 1989
DO  - 10.1136/adc.64.6.848
SN  - 00039888 (ISSN) 
AU  - Emond, A.
AU  - Golding, J.
AU  - Peckhamt, C.
AD  - Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, University of Bristol, St Michael's Hill, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
AD  - Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
AB  - The prevalence of cerebral palsy in the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey and the 1970 British Births Survey remained constant at 2-5/1000 births (40 and 41 cases, respectively). The prevalence at 10 years was higher in the 1970 cohort in which all children with cerebral palsy survived, whereas 22% of the cases in the 1958 cohort died during the first 10 years of life. A case-control study matched three controls for social class, maternal age, parity and marital state, and a further three controls for the infant's sex, gestation, and birth weight. Comparison of cases and controls showed no consistent differences in social and environmental factors, history of pregnancy, labour, or delivery. Important differences were found in the incidence of respiratory and neurological symptoms in the neonatal period. These prospective data derived from two whole populations of births support the hypothesis that most cases of cerebral palsy are not associated with adverse obstetric factors, and confirm that neonatal neurological symptoms are associated with subsequent cerebral palsy.
KW  - cerebral palsy
KW  - child
KW  - forecasting
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - morbidity
KW  - neurologic disease
KW  - newborn
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - respiratory tract disease
KW  - review
KW  - school child
KW  - survival
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Cerebral Palsy
KW  - Child
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
PB  - BMJ Publishing Group
N1  - Cited By :34
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ADCHA
C2  - 2774617
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Emond, A.; Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, University of Bristol, St Michael's Hill, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024389495&doi=10.1136%2fadc.64.6.848&partnerID=40&md5=edd05806c4e59f3bbbcb3c9821a94431
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Weight-for-height in two national cohorts with particular reference to 10-year-old children
T2  - Annals of Human Biology
J2  - Ann. Hum. Biol.
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
SP  - 109
EP  - 119
PY  - 1989
DO  - 10.1080/03014468700006962
SN  - 03014460 (ISSN) 
AU  - Thomas, P.W.
AU  - Peters, T.J.
AU  - Golding, J.
AU  - Haslum, M.N.
AD  - Institute of Child Health, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Medical Computing and Statistics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
AB  - The idea of representing obesity or degree of malnutrition using a weight-for-height power index has existed for many years and several authors believe that such an index should be uncorrelated with height. Data from the 1958 National Child Development Study and the 1970 Child Health and Education Study have therefore been used to determine the values of the constant k which lead to the weight-for-height power index weight/[height]k being uncorrelated with height for specific age groups. Different values of k were needed both for the various age groups, and for the two sexes. For boys and girls respectively, the values of k needed at age 7 years were 2·02 and 2·12, at age 10 the values were 2·53 and 2·58, at age 11, 2·53 and 2·50 and at age 16, 2·42 and 1·71. Different values were also needed for West Indians and Asians and pubertal and pre-pubertal children. The relationships between this power index and other measurements of weight-for-height (including weight/height; weight/[height]2 - the Quetelet index; weight/[height]3 - the Ponderal index; relative weight for height, and standardized weight for height), the examining doctor's assessment of obesity and weight and height themselves were investigated for 10-year-old children born in 1970 to determine which of them could be thought of as best at estimating obesity. We found that there was little to choose between the index which was uncorrelated with height (using derived values of the power), and the Quetelet index. © 1989 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - age
KW  - body height
KW  - body weight
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - male
KW  - normal value
KW  - school child
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Body Weight
KW  - Child
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Predictive Value of Tests
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :4
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AHUBB
C2  - 2729888
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Thomas, P.W.; Institute of Child Health, University of BristolUnited Kingdom
N1  - References: Benn, R.T., Some mathematical properties of weight-for-height indices used as measures of adiposity (1971) British Journal of Preventive Social Medicine, 25, pp. 42-50; 
Billewicz, W.Z., Kemsley, W.F.F., Thomson, A.M., Indices of adiposity (1962) British Journal of Preventive Social Medicine, 16, pp. 183-188; 
Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., (1969) Perinatal Problems: The Second Report of the British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh; 
Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Mortality: The First Report of the British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh; 
Chamberlain, G., Philipp, E., Howlett, B., Masters, K., (1978) British Births 1970: Obstetric Care, 2. , Heinemann Medical Books, London; 
Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1975) British Births 1970: The First Week of Life, 1. , Heinemann Medical Books, London; 
Cole, T.J., Weight/heightP compared to weight/height2 for assessing adiposity in childhood: Influence of age and bone age on p during puberty (1986) Annals of Human Biology, 13 (5), pp. 433-451; 
Forbes, G.B., Gallup, J., Hursh, J.B., Estimation of total body fat from potassium-40 content (1961) Science, 133, pp. 101-120; 
Knight, I., (1984) The Heights and Weights of Adults in Great Britain, , HMSO, London; 
Ku, L.C., Shapiro, L.R., Crawford, P.B., Huenemann, R.L., Body composition and physical activity in 8-year-old children (1981) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 34, pp. 2770-2775; 
MacDonald, F.C., Quetelet index as indicator of obesity (1986) Lancet, 1, p. 1043; 
Parizkova, J., Buzkova, P., Relationship between skinfold thickness measured by Harpenden caliper and densitometric analysis of total body fat in man (1971) Human Biology, 43, pp. 16-21; 
Roche, A.F., Siervogel, R.M., Chumlea, C., Webb, P., Grading body fatness from limited anthropometric data (1981) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 34, pp. 2831-2838; 
Rolland-Cachera, M.F., Sempe, M., Guilloud-Bataille, M., Patois, E., Pequignot-Guggenbuhl, F., Fautrad, V., Adiposity indices in children (1982) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 36, pp. 178-184; 
Obesity (1983) Journal of the Royal College of Physicians, 17, pp. 3-58. , London; 
Slaughter, M.H., Lohman, T.G., Boileau, R.A., Relationship of anthropometric dimensions to lean body mass in children (1978) Annals of Human Biology, 5 (5), pp. 469-482; 
Stark, O., Atkins, E., Wolff, O.H., Douglas, J.W.B., Longitudinal study of obesity in the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) British Medical Journal, 283, pp. 13-17; 
Womersley, J., Durnin, J.V.G.A., The assessment of obesity from measurements of skinfold thickness, limb circumferences, height and weight (1973) The regulation of the adipose tissue mass. Proceedings of the IV International Meeting of Endocrinology, Marseilles: Elsevier, , In
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024556766&doi=10.1080%2f03014468700006962&partnerID=40&md5=ae1aeed69467a96164122768588f0f53
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Does fetal heart rate predict subsequent heart rate in childhood?
T2  - Early Human Development
J2  - Early Hum. Dev.
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
SP  - 147
EP  - 152
PY  - 1989
DO  - 10.1016/0378-3782(89)90125-4
SN  - 03783782 (ISSN) 
AU  - Thomas, P.W.
AU  - Haslum, M.N.
AU  - MacGillivray, I.
AU  - Golding, M.J.
AD  - Institute of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
AB  - An investigation to determine whether there is any relationship between extremes of fetal heart rate during labour and subsequent heart rate at the age of 10 was carried out using data from the 1970 cohort of British Births. In 11,000 nationally representative children it was found that low fetal heart rate (below 120 beats/min) was associated with a heart rate at age 10 which was significantly lower than in those children whose fetal heart rate had remained between 120 and 160 beats/min (P < 0.01). This relationship could not be explained by fetal asphyxiation, maternal antenatal hypotension or the method of pain relief during labour. There was no equivalent relationship with high fetal heart rate during labour. This could imply that some fetuses with low heart rates are not exhibiting fetal distress but have an inherent tendency to relatively slow heart rates. © 1989.
KW  - childhood
KW  - fetal
KW  - heart rate
KW  - measurements
KW  - child
KW  - childhood
KW  - female
KW  - fetus
KW  - fetus heart rate
KW  - follow up
KW  - heart rate
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - male
KW  - newborn
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Child
KW  - Fetal Heart
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Heart Rate
KW  - Human
KW  - Predictive Value of Tests
KW  - Pulse
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :15
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EHDED
C2  - 2737105
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Golding, M.J.; Institute of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Chamberlain, Philip, Howlett, Masters, (1978) British Births 1970 Volume 2: Obstetric Care, , Heinemann Medical Books, London; 
Deswiet, Fayers, Shinebourne, Value of repeated blood pressure measurements in children — the Brompton Study (1980) BMJ, 2, pp. 1567-1569; 
Flynn, Kelly, Fetal monitoring in labour (1982) Recent Advances in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, , J. Bonnar, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, No. 14; 
Phillips, Towell, Abnormal fetal heart rate assoicated with congenital abnormalities (1980) Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 87, pp. 270-274
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024391757&doi=10.1016%2f0378-3782%2889%2990125-4&partnerID=40&md5=99a847ff68b686c82eea423cd66e85d1
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Evaluation of programs for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of hypertension in work site population
T2  - Clinical and Experimental Hypertension
J2  - Clin. Exp. Hypertens.
VL  - A11
IS  - 8
SP  - 1455
EP  - 1470
PY  - 1989
DO  - 10.3109/10641968909038176
SN  - 10641963 (ISSN) 
AU  - Eto, T.
AU  - Abe, I.
AU  - Tsutsu, N.
AU  - Kumamoto, K.
AU  - Takishita, S.
AU  - Noda, Y.
AU  - Kobayashi, K.
AU  - Fukiyama, K.
AU  - Omae, T.
AU  - Kojima, K.
AD  - Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812, Japan
AD  - Nishitetu Tuyazaki Hospital, Fukuoka 811-33, Japan
AD  - 1st Dept. Intern. Med., Miyazaki Medical College, Miyazaki 889-16, Japan
AD  - Kyushu Central Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
AD  - 3rd Dept. Intern. Med., School of Medicine, University of Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
AD  - National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
AB  - Hypertensives screened among a work-site male population were treated either with or without antihypertensive drugs according to WHO stage of hypertension, and followed up by medical teams at the work site. The outcome during 8 years of follow-up was compared between two hypertension cohorts; one (cohort 1) instituted in 1970 included 1,092 hypertensives from 11,860 employees, while the other (cohort 2) made in 1975 contained 1,190 from 10,789 persons. Age-adjusted mortality or morbidity rate from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was lower in cohort 2 than in cohort 1. Multiple regression analysis was used to adjust inter-cohort differences in factors to influence the prognosis, showed that CVD occurred less frequently in cohort 2 than in cohort 1. The results suggest that this system of controlling blood pressure is useful in preventing CVD in a large population. © 1989 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Blood pressure
KW  - Cardiovascular diseases
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - cerebrovascular disease
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - hypertension
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Cardiovascular Diseases
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Hypertension
KW  - Male
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Occupational Health Services
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :1
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CEHYE
C2  - 2612018
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Eto, T.; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812, Japan
N1  - References: Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension. Results in patients with diastolic blood pressures averaging 115 through 129 mmHg (1967) JAMA, 202, pp. 1028-1034; 
Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension. II. Results in patients with diastolic blood pressure averaging 90 through 114 mmHg (1970) JAMA, 213, pp. 1143-1152; 
Five-year findings of the hypertension detection and follow-up program. I. Reduction in mortality of persons with high blood pressure, including mild hypertension (1979) JAMA, 242, pp. 2562-2571; 
Five-year findings of the hypertension detection and follow-up program. III. Reduction in stroke incidence among persons with high blood pressure (1982) JAMA, 247, pp. 633-638; 
The Australian therapeutic trial in mild hypertension (1980) Lancet, 2, pp. 1261-1267; 
Helgeland, A., Treatment of mild hypertension: a five year controlled drug trial (1980) The Oslo study. Am J Med, 69, pp. 725-732; 
MRC trial of treatment of mild, hypertension: principal results (1985) Br Med J, 91, pp. 97-104; 
Ueshima, H., Tatara, K., Asakura, S., Okamoto, M., Declining trends in blood pressure level and the prevalence of hypertension, and changes in related factors in Japan, 1956—1980 (1987) J Chron Dis, 40, pp. 137-147; 
Ueda, K., Omae, T., Control of hypertension in a Japanese community (1985) Handbook of Hypertension Epidemiology of hypertension, 6, p. 412. , Ed. C J. Bulpitt. Elsevier, Amsterdam; 
Arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease. Preventive aspects (1962), pp. 3-16. , Report of an Expert Committee. WHO Tech Rep Ser No. 231, Geneva; Eto, T., Tsutsu, N., Abe, I., Takishita, S., Kobayashi, K., Noda, Y., Kojima, K., Omae, T., Glucose tolerance in middle-aged Japanese males with uncomplicated hypertension (1988) J Clin Epidemiol, 41, pp. 835-841; 
International classification of diseases. Manual of the international statistical classification of diseases (1977) injuries and causes of death, 1. , 9th ed. London; 
Tominaga, S., (1985) Statistical methods for evaluation of therapeutic effect, p. 50. , Kanishyobo, Tokyoin Japanese; 
Hamilton, M., Thompson, E.N., Wisniewski, T.K.M., The role of blood pressure control in preventing complications of hypertension (1964) Lancet, 2, pp. 235-238
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024803020&doi=10.3109%2f10641968909038176&partnerID=40&md5=8b1b97e08a624add81802295f1a14987
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Lung Cancer Risk Comparison among Male Smokers between the “Six‐prefecture Cohort” in Japan and the British Physicians' Cohort
T2  - Japanese Journal of Cancer Research
J2  - Jpn. J. Cancer Res.
VL  - 80
IS  - 12
SP  - 1165
EP  - 1170
PY  - 1989
DO  - 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1989.tb01649.x
SN  - 09105050 (ISSN) 
AU  - Mizuno, S.
AU  - Akiba, S.
AU  - Hirayama, T.
AD  - Department of Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5‐2, Hijiyama Park,  Minami‐ku, Hiroshima, 732, Japan
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5‐2, Hijiyama Park, Minami, Hiroshima, 732, Japan
AD  - Institute of Preventive Oncology, HI Bldg, 1-2 Ichigaya-Sadohara, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162, Japan
AB  - We estimated the effective duration of cigarette smoking using the data of lung cancer mortality among male smokers of a large‐scale cohort study in Japan and evaluated its role in the lung cancer risk difference between male smokers of the Japanese cohort and the British physicians' cohort. By selecting male cohort members who answered that they had started smoking at ages 18–22 (average = 20.3), the subjects of our analysis, which numbered 49,013, were made relatively homogeneous in terms of age at which smoking was started. Assuming lung cancer mortality to be proportional to the 4.5th power of the effective duration of cigarette smoking, i.e., (age—θ)4,5, as was proposed on the basis of the British cohort study by Doll and Peto, the parameter θ was estimated to be 29.4 for male smokers aged 40–64 in 1966; therefore, the estimated duration of cigarette smoking was, on average, 9.1 years (95% confidence interval=5.8–11.6) shorter than that calculated from the reported age at which smoking was started. Our findings suggested that the low lung cancer mortality relative to daily cigarette consumption in Japan resulted from the shorter duration of cigarette smoking in the Japanese cohort, possibly due to the severe shortage of cigarettes during and shortly after World War II. Once the effective duration of cigarette smoking was adjusted, lung cancer mortality in the range of 5–34 cigarettes per day was fairly comparable to that observed among the cohort of male British physicians. Copyright © 1989, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
KW  - British physicians
KW  - Duration of cigarette smoking
KW  - Japanese men
KW  - Lung cancer
KW  - Six‐prefecture cohort study
KW  - article
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - controlled study
KW  - human
KW  - japan
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - male
KW  - methodology
KW  - priority journal
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Japan
KW  - Lung Neoplasms
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :18
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 2516845
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Akiba, S.
N1  - References: (1982) The health consequence of smoking, “Cancer, , U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Office on Smoking and Health, Rockville, Maryland; 
Segi, M., Kurihara, M., Ishikawa, N., Haenszel, W., Epidemiological survey on lung cancer and smoking (1979) Lung Cancer, 19 (2), pp. 157-164. , ( in Japanese ); 
Inoue, R., Otsuka, T., Shimura, H., Hirayama, T., A case‐control study of lung cancer (1986) Lung Cancer, 26 (7), pp. 763-767. , ( in Japanese ); 
Sobue, T., Suzuki, T., Horai, T., Matsuda, M., Fujimoto, I., Relationship between cigarette smoking and histologic type of lung cancer, with special reference to sex difference (1988) Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol., 18, pp. 3-13; 
Doll, R., Peto, R., Cigarette smoking and bronchial carcinoma: dose and time relationships among regular smokers and lifelong non‐smokers (1978) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 32, pp. 303-313; 
Hirayama, T., A cohort study on cancer in Japan (1985) Statistical Methods in Cancer Epidemiology, pp. 73-91. , ed, W. J. Blot, T. Hirayama, D. G. Hoel, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima; 
Hirayama, T., Akiba, S., The relationship betweeen cigarette smoking and lung cancer based on a large scale cohort study in Japan (1988) Bull. Biom. Soc. Jpn., 9, pp. 89-101. , ( in Japanese ); 
Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., (1987) Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, Volume II, The Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies,”, , IARC Scientific Publications No. 82 (International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon ); 
Pierce, D.A., Preston, D.L., Hazard function modeling for dose‐response analysis of cancer incidence in A‐bomb survivor data (1984) Atomic Bomb Survivor Data: Utilization and Analysis, pp. 51-66. , ed, R. L. Prentice, D.J. Thompson, SIAM, Philadelphia; 
Hirayama, T., The problem of smoking and lung cancer in Japan with special reference to the rising trend in age‐specific mortality rate by number of cigarettes smoked daily (1987) Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 78, pp. 203-210; 
Tominaga, S., (1986), pp. 103-113. , Smoking and cancer patterns and trends in Japan. In “Tobacco: A Major International Health Hazard ,” ed, D. G. Zaridze, R., Peto, IARC Scientific Publications No. 74, pp; Shimizu, H., Smoking habits in Japan (1979) Smoking Health, 1 (3), p. 7. , ( in Japanese ); 
Fujimoto, I., Trends of lung cancer incidence in Japan (1986) Progress in Cancer Clinics. No. 6 Lung Cancer, pp. 168-175. , ed, K. Suemasu, T. Yoneyama, Medical View Co. Ltd, Tokyo ( in Japanese ); 
Doll, R., Peto, R., The causes of cancer: quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today (1981) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 66, pp. 1292-1305
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024807029&doi=10.1111%2fj.1349-7006.1989.tb01649.x&partnerID=40&md5=878ad7c740ed4935fd733a03fce26be9
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cardiovascular risk in Young Finns, results from the second follow-up study
T2  - Annals of Medicine
J2  - Ann. Med.
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
SP  - 223
EP  - 225
PY  - 1989
DO  - 10.3109/07853898909149938
SN  - 07853890 (ISSN) 
AU  - Åkerblom, H.K.
AU  - Viikari, J.
AU  - Räsänen, L.
AU  - Kuusela, V.
AU  - Uhari, M.
AU  - Lautala, P.
AD  - Children's Hospital, II Department of Pediatrics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
AD  - Department of Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Central Statistical Office of Finland, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
AB  - A comprehensive study of coronary heart disease (CHO) risk factors and their determinants in children and adolescents in Finland was initiated in the late 1970's. The main cross-sectional study was undertaken in 1980, with 3596 subjects aged from 3 to 18 years participating. The first follow-up study was carried out in 1983, and the second in 1986. The present report describes briefly some findings in 2746 children and young adults, aged 9,12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 years, participating in 1986. Serum total cholesterol concentrations, mean (SD), ranged between 4.31 (0.73) and 4.91 (0.81) mmol/l in boys, and between 4.73 (0.85) and 5.09 (0.82) mmol/l in girls, respectively. Mean serum cholesterol values had fallen from 1980 to 1986 by 5.4% in such age cohorts, which had been included in all three studies. Fat content in the diet remained unchanged (38 E% whereas the mean P/S ratio increased from 0.24 in 1980 to 0.31 in 1986. Young Finns from East Finland had a higher somatic risk index than those from West Finland (P> 0.001). The clustering of somatic risk factors was stable between 1980 and 1986. Further follow-up of the cohorts will, we hope, provide the tools for implementing primary prevention of CHD in Finland. © 1989 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - P/S ratio
KW  - Serum cholesterol
KW  - Somatic risk index
KW  - polyunsaturated fatty acid
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - cardiovascular disease
KW  - child
KW  - cholesterol blood level
KW  - fat intake
KW  - female
KW  - finland
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - normal human
KW  - prospective study
KW  - risk factor
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Child
KW  - Cholesterol
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Coronary Disease
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :21
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ANMDE
C2  - 2788440
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Åkerblom, H.K.; Children's Hospital, II Department of Pediatrics, Stenbackinkatu 11, SF-00290, Helsinki, Finland
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Cholesterol, 57-88-5
N1  - References: Åkerblom, H.K., Viikari, J., Uhari, M., Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. I. General description of the cross-sectional study of 1980, and an account of the children's and families' state of health (1985) Acta Paediatr Scand, pp. 49-63; 
Viikari, J., Akerblom, H.K., Uhari, M., Atherosclerosis Precursors in Children (1985), Proceedings of a symposium held at, Tuohilampi Finland, August, 10-111983, Acta Paediatr Scand; Suppl. 318; Viikari, J., Akerblom, H.K., Nikkari, T., Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. IV. Serum lipids in newborns, children and adolescents (1985) Acta Paediatr Scand, pp. 103-109; 
Rasanen, L., Ahola, M., Kara, R., Uhari, M., Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. VIII. Food consumption and nutrient intakes (1985) Acta Paediatr Scand, pp. 135-153; 
Pesonen, E., Viikari, J., Akerblom, H.K., Rasanen, L., Louhivuori, K., Sarna, S., Geographic origin of the family as a determinant of serum levels of lipids in Finnish children (1986) Circulation, 59, pp. 1119-1126; 
Tikkanen, M.J., Viikari, J., Akerblom, H.K., Pesonen, E., Apolipoprotein B polymorphism and altered apolipoprotein B and low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in Finnish children (1988) Br Med J, 296, pp. 169-170; 
Lautala, P., Akerblom, H.K., Viikari, J., Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. VII. Serum immunoreactive insulin (1985) Acta Paediatr Scand, pp. 127-133; 
Glueck, C.J., Pediatric primary prevention of atherosclerosis (1986) N Eng J Med, 314, pp. 175-177; 
Jacobson, M.S., Lillienfeld, D.E., The pediatrician's role in atherosclerosis prevention (1988) J Pediatr, 112, pp. 836-841
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024344646&doi=10.3109%2f07853898909149938&partnerID=40&md5=75e4d30d6146978196cd84c508cacaee
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Are Britain's children getting healthier?
T2  - Pediatric Reviews and Communications
J2  - PEDIATR. REV. COMMUN.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
SP  - 235
EP  - 245
PY  - 1989
SN  - 08829225 (ISSN) 
AU  - Golding, J.
AU  - Fogelman, K.
AD  - Institute of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
AB  - Over 90% of children from Britain's second and third national cohort studies enrolled at birth were contacted when they were aged 10-11 and a medical history was taken for 14,000 children born in 1958 and 13,500 of those born in 1970. Health behaviour of the mothers had changed substantially: in the later cohort breast feeding had decreased whereas maternal smoking had increased. More of the later cohort had visited child health clinics. Later-born children were more likely to have had eczema, discharging ears, diabetes or a squint but less likely to have had defects on visual testing, or a history of pneumonia, measles or pertussis. The data support the contention that immunisation was responsible for reduction in the prevalence of measles. Children in the later cohort were less likely to have had a tonsillectomy or circumcision but the rates of hernia repair and appendicectomy had stayed static. The most important difference between the two cohorts was found in the variation in school absence due to ill-health. The proportion of children who had been absent for prolonged periods had dropped dramatically. The improvement was associated with a number of specific reasons and points to either more effective treatment or changing attitudes towards school attendance.
KW  - child
KW  - child health
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - diabetes mellitus
KW  - health behavior
KW  - hearing
KW  - human
KW  - methodology
KW  - priority journal
KW  - review
KW  - school absence
KW  - surgery
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - vision
N1  - Cited By :1
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PRECE
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024389417&partnerID=40&md5=dc2791fc3d2789090edfcf3ed6bea863
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Who remains childless?
T2  - Journal of Biosocial Science
J2  - J. Biosoc. Sci.
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
SP  - 387
EP  - 398
PY  - 1989
DO  - 10.1017/S0021932000018125
SN  - 00219320 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kiernan, K.E.
AD  - Family Policy Studies Centre, 231 Baker Street, United Kingdom
AB  - Who are the men and women who are childless in their mid-30s? Life history data for a British cohort born in 1946 show that age at marriage and marital breakdown were clearly associated with childlessness. Women who were only children were more likely to be childless than those with siblings. Further, early menarcheal age, being highly qualified and having a high status occupation were indirectly related to childlessness. For men, particularly amongst those who had experienced a broken marriage, it was the most ambitious, the highly educated and those in professional occupations who were relatively more likely to be childless. © 1989, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
KW  - adult
KW  - childlessness
KW  - education
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Divorce
KW  - Economic Factors
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Europe
KW  - Family And Household
KW  - Family Demography
KW  - Family Research
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Marriage
KW  - Marriage Postponement
KW  - Northern Europe
KW  - Nuptiality
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Psychological Factors
KW  - Reproductive Behavior
KW  - Research Report
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Socioeconomic Status
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Voluntary Childlessness--determinants
KW  - Women's Status
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Male
KW  - Marriage
KW  - Parents
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
N1  - Cited By :43
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 2808466
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kiernan, K.E.; Family Policy Studies Centre, 231 Baker Street, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Atkins, E., Cherry, N.M., Douglas, J.W.B., Kiernan, K.E., Wadsworth, M.E.J., The 1946 British birth survey: an account of the origins, progress and results of the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) An Empirical Basis for Primary Prevention: Prospective Longitudinal Research in Europe, , Edited by S. A. Mednick & A. E. Baest. Oxford University Press, London; 
Baum, F., Cope, D., Some characteristics of intentionally childless wives in Britain (1980) J. biosoc. Sci., 12 (287); 
Cartwright, A., (1976) How Many Children?, , Routledge & Kegan Paul, London; 
Douglas, J.W.B., The age at reaching puberty: some associated factors and some educational implications (1966) Scient. Basis Med. Ann. Rev., p. 91; 
Douglas, J.W.B., The use and abuse of national cohorts (1976) The Organisation and Impact of Social Research, , Edited by M. Shipman. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London; 
Glass, D.V., Grebenik, E., (1954) The Trend and Pattern of Fertility in Great Britain: A Report of the Family Census of 1946, , HM Stationery Office, London; 
Grebenik, E., (1983) Fertility report from the 1971 Census, , OPCS, Series DS, No. 5. HM Stationery Office, London; 
Harlap, S., Davies, M., (1978) The Pill and Births: The Jerusalem Study, , Final Report. National Institute of Child Health and Development, Washington, DC; 
Kiernan, K.E., Age at puberty in relation to age at marriage and parenthood: a national longitudinal study (1977) Ann. hum. Biol., 4 (301); 
Kiernan, K.E., The family: formation and fission (1989) Changing Population of Britain, , Edited by H. Joshi. Basil Blackwell, Oxford; 
Kuczynski, R.R., Childless marriages (1938) Sociol. Rev., 30. , Nos. 2,3,4; 
Langford, C., (1976) Birth Control Practice and Marital Fertility in Great Britain, , Population Investigation Committee, London; 
McDonald, P., (1984) Nuptiality and Completed Fertility: A Study of Starting, Stopping and Spacing Behaviour, , World Fertility Survey Comparative Studies, Series No. 35. ISI, Voorburg, Netherlands; 
Menken, J., Age at fertility: how late can you wait? (1985) Demography, 22, p. 469; 
(1984) General Household Survey Report 1982, , Opcs. HM Stationery Office, London; 
(1985) General Household Survey Report 1983, , Opcs. HM Stationery Office, London; 
Polonko, K., Scanzoni, J., (1981) Patterns Compared for the Voluntary Childless, Undecided Childless, Postponing Childless and Mothers, , Final Report to the National Institute of Child Health and Development, Washington, DC; 
Stein, Z.A., A woman's age: childbearing and childrearing (1985) Am. J. Epidemiol., 121 (327); 
Trussell, J., Wilson, C., Sterility in a population with natural fertility (1985) Popul. Stud., 39 (269); 
Veevers, J.E., (1980) Childless by Choice, , Butterworth, Toronto; 
Vessey, M.P., Wright, N.H., McPherson, K., Wiggins, P., Fertility after stopping different methods of contraception (1978) Br. med. J., 1 (265); 
Werner, B., Family building intentions of different generations of women: results from the General Household Survey 1979-83 (1986) Popul. Trends, 44 (17); 
Werner, B., Chalk, S., Projections of first, second, third and later births (1986) Popul. Trends, 46 (26); 
Westrom, L., Effect of acute pelvic inflammatory disease on fertility (1975) Am. J. Obstet. Gynec., 121 (707); 
Whelpton, P.K., Campbell, A.A., Patterson, J.E., (1966) Fertility and Family Planning in the United States, , Princeton University Press, Princeton
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024441829&doi=10.1017%2fS0021932000018125&partnerID=40&md5=360898fd8a5a4253addd3fe840aaece9
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Postoperative radiotherapy and late mortality: evidence from the Cancer Research Campaign trial for early breast cancer
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - BR. MED. J.
VL  - 298
IS  - 6688
SP  - 1611
EP  - 1614
PY  - 1989
SN  - 02670623 (ISSN) 
AU  - Haybittle, J.L.
AU  - Brinkley, D.
AU  - Houghton, J.
AU  - A'Hern, R.P.
AU  - Baum, M.
AD  - Cancer Research Campaign Clinical Trials Centre, Rayne Institute, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
AB  - To identify any excess mortality caused by adjuvant radiotherapy for early breast cancer. Prospective randomised clinical trial. Two thousand subjects needed for study to have a 90% chance of detecting a difference in survival rate of 7% with 95% significance. Patients were followed up until June 1988, giving follow up of 158-216 months. A multicentre trial mainly drawing patients from centres in the United Kingdom. 2800 Women presenting with clinical stage I or II carcinoma of the breast from June 1970 to April 1975. One group of women (n = 1376) had simple mastectomy followed by immediate postoperative radiotherapy (1320 to 1510 rets). The remaining women (n = 1424) had simple mastectomy with subsequent careful observation of the axilla, radiotherapy being delayed until there was obvious progression or recurrence of disease locally. Increased mortality in patients treated with radiotherapy from causes other than breast cancer. Survival was measured from time of first treatment to death or last follow up. Deaths from any cause and from specified causes were counted as events. Comparison over the whole follow up showed a slight excess mortality in the group treated with radiotherapy (relative risk 1.04; 95% confidence interval 0.94 to 1.15). The relative risk of death from breast cancer was 0.97 (0.87 to 1.08) but that of death from other causes was 1.37 (1.09 to 1.72), the increase mainly being in women who had had tumours of the left breast (1.61 (1.17 to 2.24)) and had been treated with orthovoltage (1.85 (1.27 to 2.71)). Analysis of causes of death after five years showed a relative risk of 2.11 (1.25 to 3.59) for new malignancies and 1.65 (1.05 to 2.58) for cardiac disease, the increase in cardiac mortality being most pronounced in patients who had had tumours of the left breast and whose treatment had included orthovoltage radiation (relative risk 2.67 (1.28 to 5.55)). Adjuvant radiotherapy after simple mastectomy for early breast cancer produces a small excess late mortality from other cancers and cardiac disease. The risk has to be balanced against the higher risk of local recurrence when immediate postoperative radiotherapy is not given. The balance has to be assessed for each patient, and for many patients radiotherapy will still be desirable in the initial treatment of their early breast cancer.
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - cancer radiotherapy
KW  - cause of death
KW  - fatality
KW  - female
KW  - heart disease
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - mastectomy
KW  - mortality
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prospective study
KW  - Breast Neoplasms
KW  - Cause of Death
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Combined Modality Therapy
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Mastectomy
KW  - Multicenter Studies
KW  - Postoperative Period
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Radiotherapy
KW  - Random Allocation
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :158
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 2503148
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024361478&partnerID=40&md5=01b6c8cb968d3698640a8b0e4b05eb2f
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Intestinal cancer in patients with crohn's disease: A population study in central Israel
T2  - Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
J2  - Scand. J. Gastroenterol.
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
SP  - 346
EP  - 350
PY  - 1989
DO  - 10.3109/00365528909093058
SN  - 00365521 (ISSN) 
AU  - Fireman, Z.
AU  - Grossman, A.
AU  - Lilos, P.
AU  - Hacohen, D.
AU  - Meir, S.B.
AU  - Rozen, P.
AU  - Gilat, T.
AD  - Dept. of Gastroenterology, Ichilov Hospital, and Depts. of Medicine and Mathematics (Statistical Laboratory), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
AB  - A population study of Crohn's disease (CD) during the years 1970-1980 was performed in a defined area in central Israel with 1,400,000 inhabitants. Three hundred and sixty-five patients with definite CD were identified, and a complete follow-up was obtained with particular attention to intestinal cancer. The mean follow-up time was 9.95 years (range, 1-49 years). Forty-four per cent of the patients were operated on, but only a few had total colectomy or bypass operations. Only one patient developed colorectal cancer after 7 years of disease. The observed to expected ratio for this cancer was 1.14 at 10 years of disease and 0.73 at 20 years of disease. The incidence of colorectal cancer was not significantly different from the expected in the population. None of the patients developed small-bowel cancer. At least five patients had extraintestinal malignancies. A review of the literature showed conflicting results with regard to cancer risk in CD. The risk was not significantly increased in the two existing population studies, including the present one. © 1989 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Crohn's disease
KW  - Intestinal cancer
KW  - Israel
KW  - Population study
KW  - adult
KW  - crohn disease
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - intestine cancer
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Child
KW  - Colectomy
KW  - Crohn Disease
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Intestinal Neoplasms
KW  - Israel
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :94
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SJGRA
C2  - 2734593
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Fireman, Z.; Dept. of Gastroenterology, Ichilov Hospital, and Depts. of Medicine and Mathematics (Statistical Laboratory), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
N1  - References: Greenstein, A.J., Sachar, D.B., Smith, H., Janowitz, H.D., Aufses, A.H., A comparison of cancer risk in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (1981) Cancer, 48, pp. 2742-2745; 
Weedon, D.D., Shorter, R.G., Ilstru, P.D.M., Huizenga, K.A., Taylor, W.F., Crohn's disease and cancer (1973) N Engl J Med, 289, pp. 1099-1103; 
Gyde, S.N., Prior, P., Macartney, J.C., Thompson, H., Waterhouse, J.A.H., Allan, R.N., in Crohn's disease (1980) Gut, 21, pp. 1024-1029; 
Korelitz, B.I., Carcinoma of the intestinal tract in Crohn's disease: results of a survey conducted by the National Foundation for Ileitis and Colitis (1983) Am J Gastroenterol, 78, pp. 44-46; 
Kvist, N., Jacobsen, O., Norgaard, P., Ockelmann, H.H., Kvist, H.K., Schou, G., Jarnum, S., Malignancy in Crohn's disease (1986) Scand J Gastroenterol, 21, pp. 82-86; 
Gollop, J.H., Phillips, S.F., Melton, L.J., III, Zinsmeister, A.R., Epidemiologic aspects of Crohn's disease: a population based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1943–1982 (1988) Gut, 29, pp. 49-56; 
Gilat, T., Fireman, Z., Grossman, A., Hacohen, D., Kadish, U., Ron, E., Rozen, P., Colorectal cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis. A population study in central Israel (1988) Gastroenterology, 94, pp. 870-877; 
(1984) 1983 Census of Population and Housing Publications, State of Israel, , Central Bureau of Statistics, Jerusalem; 
Farmer, R.G., Clinical types and differential diagnosis (1985) Bockus Gastroenterology, pp. 2182-2187. , 4th ed. Eds. J E Berk, W S Haubrich, W H Kalser, J LA Roth, F Schaffner. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia; 
Dixon, W.Y., (1983) BMDP statistical software, , University of California Press; 
Monson, R.R., Analysis of relative survival and proportional mortality (1974) Comput Biomed Res, 7, pp. 325-332; 
Rothman, K.J., Boice, J.D., Jr., (1979) Epidemiologic analysis with a programmable calculator, , National Institutes of Health, Washington, D.C.U.S. GPO DHEW publication no. (NIH) 1979;79:1649; 
Greenstein, A.J., Gennuso, R., Sachar, D.B., Heimann, T., Smith, H., Janowitz, H.D., Aufses, A.H., Extra-intestinal cancers in inflammatory bowel disease (1985) Cancer, 56, pp. 2914-2921
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024544598&doi=10.3109%2f00365528909093058&partnerID=40&md5=957c3f6ffc44e7b0c380f7968873648e
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Radiation therapy in early glottic cancer: Analysis of 177 consecutive cases
T2  - Acta Oto-Laryngologica
J2  - Acta Oto-Laryngol.
VL  - 108
IS  - 5-6
SP  - 478
EP  - 481
PY  - 1989
DO  - 10.3109/00016488909125556
SN  - 00016489 (ISSN) 
AU  - Fernberg, J.-O.
AU  - Ringborg, U.
AU  - Silfverswärd, C.
AU  - Ewert, G.
AU  - Haglund, S.
AU  - Schiratzki, H.
AU  - Strander, H.
AD  - Department of General Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Department of Pathology, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Department of Otolaryngology, Danderyds Sjukhus, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Department of Otolaryngology, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Department of Otolaryngology, Huddinge Sjukhus, Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - Early vocal cord carcinomas (TiS or T1) in a consecutive series of 177 patients treated by primary radiotherapy over a 10-year period 1970-79 at the Department of General Oncology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Sjukhuset, were analysed regarding treatment results. In 137 cases the tumours were invasive (T1N0M0) and in 40 cases carcinoma of in situ type (TiS). Patient were treated with cobalt 60 gamma irradiation in fractions of 2 Gy up to a total dose of 64 Gy delivered as split course (CRE=17.8). Minimum follow-up time was 5 years. Tumour recurred in 21 cases (12% All but 4 patients were rescued by subsequent surgery, giving 98% total survival. Treatment failures after primary radiotherapy were analysed in detail. Failures could not be attributed to treatment irregularities. No difference in pretreatment tumour size was detected when cured patients were compared with patients who relapsed. Biological factors that cause a relative radioresistance are considered to be the main reason for radiotherapy failures in early glottic cancer. © 1989 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Biological radioresistance
KW  - Histology
KW  - Treatment failures
KW  - glottis carcinoma
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - priority journal
KW  - radiosensitivity
KW  - radiotherapy
KW  - Carcinoma
KW  - Carcinoma in Situ
KW  - Cobalt Radioisotopes
KW  - Female
KW  - Glottis
KW  - Human
KW  - Laryngeal Neoplasms
KW  - Lung Neoplasms
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :22
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AOLAA
C2  - 2589076
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Fernberg, J.-O.; Department of General Oncology, Karolinska Sjukhuset, S-104 01, Stockholm, Sweden
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Cobalt Radioisotopes
N1  - References: Wang, C.C., Treatment of glottic carcinoma by megavoltage radiation therapy and results (1974) Am J Roentgenol, 120, pp. 157-163; 
Fletcher, G.H., Lindberg, R.D., Hamberger, A., Horiot, J.C., Reasons for irradiation failure in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (1975) Laryngoscope, 85, pp. 987-1003; 
Jakobsson, P., (1973) Glottic carcinoma of the larynx. Factors influencing prognosis following radiotherapy, , Stockholm, Thesis; 
Jose, A.B., Calhoun, D.L., Mohammed, A., Recurrences after irradiation in early vocal cord cancer with literature review (1984) J Surg Oncol, 27, pp. 224-227; 
Jose, A.B., Calhoun, D.L., Mohammed, A., Management of early glottic cancer (1981) J Surg Oncol, 17, pp. 163-168; 
Sung, D.I., Primary radiotherapy for carcinoma in situ and early invasive carcinoma of the glottic larynx (1979) Int J Oncol Biol Phys, 5, pp. 467-472; 
Harwood, A.R., Radiotherapy in early glottic cancer (1979) Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys, 5, pp. 473-476; 
Elman, A.J., In Situ carcinoma of the vocal cords (1979) Cancer, 43, pp. 2422-2428; 
Chacko, D.C., Hendrickson, F.R., Fisher, A., Definitive irradiation of T1-T4N0 larynx cancer (1983) Cancer, 51, pp. 994-1000; 
Notter, G., Zur Strahlenbehandlung des Stimmbandscarcinoms (1984) HNO, 32, pp. 237-244; 
van den Bogaert, W., Ostyn, F., Van der Scheuren, E., Glottic carcinoma limited to the vocal cords (1982) Acta Radiol Oncol, 21, pp. 33-37; 
Mittal, B., Rao, D.V., Marks, J.E., Perez, C.A., Role of irradiation in the management of early vocal cord carcinoma (1983) Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys, 9, pp. 997-1002; 
Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (1987) TNM Classification of malignant tumours, , Fourth edition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Berlin; 
Overgaard, J., Sand Hansen, H., Jorgensen, K., Hjelm Hansen, M., Primary radiotherapy of larynx and pharynx carcinoma—an analysis of some factors influencing local control and survival (1986) Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys, 12, pp. 515-521
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024421372&doi=10.3109%2f00016488909125556&partnerID=40&md5=b100764f06e75f23897c5c24951df823
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The changing utilization of electroconvulsive therapy: A longitudinal study in a norwegian catchment area, 1970-1986
T2  - Nordic Journal of Psychiatry
J2  - Nord. J. Psychiatry
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
SP  - 249
EP  - 254
PY  - 1989
DO  - 10.3109/08039488909098662
SN  - 08039488 (ISSN) 
AU  - Horneland, M.
AD  - Familierådgivn. kontoret i Stavanger, Vaisenhusgt. 39, N-4000, Stavanger, Norway
AB  - This is a year-to-year study of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) utilization from 1970 to 1986 at the Central Hospital, Rogaland county (SIR), Norway. In the whole period a mean of 2.8% of inpatients were treated with ECT; in the last 3 years, 3-4% In the catchment area of SIR a mean of 10.1 per 100,000 inhabitants received ECT yearly from 1980 to 1986. There was a marked yearly variation in the utilization. Two outstanding peaks occurred; one in 1971, when 4.4% of inpatients received ECT, and the other in 1981, when 8.2% received ECT. In contrast, only 0.9% undervent ECT at the lowest level in 1974. The variation could not be explained by changes in patient turnover or diagnostic distribution. The variation seemed rather to be due to the psychiatrists' changing attitude towards ECT. influenced by ideology and wealth of information. ECT was given twice as frequently to patients from the catchment area of SIR as to those from the neighbouring area. The latter patients had to be transported from another hospital to SIR for ECT. The most frequent ICD-8 diagnoses among the ECT-treated patients were depressive neurosis (34% most of whom actually had endogenous clinical features, affective psychosis (32% and reactive depressive psychosis (18% ECT was given most frequently to the elderly. A Siemens Konvulsator 622, giving quarter-sine-wave pulses of 5-msec duration, was used. A mean of eight treatments per series was given, and 80% of the patients received one series only. In the last 2 years bilateral electrode placement was used in 71% of the treatments. No serious complications were reported. © 1989 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Affective disorders
KW  - ECT
KW  - Hospital
KW  - Longitudinal retrospective study
KW  - Psychiatric department
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: NJPYE
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Horneland, M.; Familierådgivn. kontoret i Stavanger, Vaisenhusgt. 39, N-4000, Stavanger, Norway
N1  - References: Volden, O., Gotestam, K.G., Bruk av elektrokonvulsiv behandling (ECT) i Norge i tidsrommet 1968–1978 (1982) Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen, 102, pp. 411-412; 
(1987) Statistisk sentralbyrå, , NOS, Oslo, 1971; 
Latey, R.H., Fahy, T.J., Electroconvulsive therapy in the Republic of Ireland 1982: a summary of findings (1985) Br J Psychiatry, 147, pp. 438-439; 
Sauer, H., Lascha, E., Stillenmunkes, H.P., Elektrokrampftherapie in der Bundesrepublik Deutchland (1987) Nervartz, 58, pp. 519-522; 
Thompson, J.W., Blaine, J.O., Use of ECT in the United States in 1975 and 1980 (1987) Am J Psychiatry, 144, pp. 557-562; 
Smith, W.E., Richman, A., Electroconvulsive therapy: a Canadian perspective (1984) Can J Psychiatry, 29, pp. 693-699; 
Fredriksen, S., d'Elia, G., Electroconvulsive therapy in Sweden (1979) Br J Psychiatry, 134, pp. 283-287; 
Heshe, J., Roder, E., Elektroshock i Danmark (1975) Ugeskr Laeger, 137, pp. 939-944; 
Hedeman, E., Christensen, P., Elektrostimulationsbehandling i Danmark (1982) Ugeskr Laeger, 144, pp. 2339-2341; 
Pippard, J., Ellam, L., (1981) Electroconvulsive treatment in Great Britain, 1980: A report to the Royal College of Psychiatrists, , Gastrell-Royal College of Psychiatrists., London; 
Kramer, B.A., Use of ECT in California, 1977–1983 (1985) Am J Psychiatry, 142, p. 10; 
Lathey, R.H., Fahy, T.J., Some influences on regional variation in frequency of prescription of electroconvulsive therapy (1988) Br J Psychiatry, 152, pp. 196-200; 
Asnis, G.M., Fink, M., Saferstein, S., ECT in metropolitan New York hospitals: a survey of practice 1975–1986 (1978) Am J Psychiatry, 135, pp. 479-482; 
Keller, B.M., Lavori, P.M., Klerman, G.L., Low levels and lack of predictors of somatotherapy and psychotherapy received by depressed patients (1986) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 43, pp. 458-466; 
Kupfer, D.J., Freedman, D.X., Treatment for depression. “Standard” clinical practice as an unexamined topic (1986) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 43, pp. 509-511; 
Holden, C., Depression research advances treatment lags (1986) Science, 233, pp. 723-727; 
Endler, N.S., (1982) Holiday of darkness: a psychologist's personal journey out of his depression, , John Wiley & Sons, New York; 
Holden, C., A guarded endorsement for shock therapy (1985) Science, 228, pp. 1510-1511; 
Kielholz, P., Treatment for therapy-resistant depression (1986) Psychopathology, 19, pp. 194-200; 
Bowden, C.L., Current treatment of depression (1985) Hosp Community Psychiatry, 36, pp. 1192-1200
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907129637&doi=10.3109%2f08039488909098662&partnerID=40&md5=1a491932f1d6f4a2fcb80bb7afc8c47d
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Parental smoking and post-infancy wheezing in children: A prospective cohort study
T2  - American Journal of Public Health
J2  - AM. J. PUBLIC HEALTH
VL  - 79
IS  - 2
SP  - 168
EP  - 171
PY  - 1989
DO  - 10.2105/AJPH.79.2.168
SN  - 00900036 (ISSN) 
AU  - Neuspiel, D.R.
AU  - Rush, D.
AU  - Butler, N.R.
AU  - Golding, J.
AU  - Bijur, P.E.
AU  - Kurzon, M.
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
AB  - The contribution of parental smoking to wheezing in children was studied in a subset of all British births between April 5 and 11, 1970 (N = 9,670). Children of smoking mothers had an 18.0 per cent cumulative incidence of post-infancy wheezing through 10 years of age, compared with 16.2 per cent among children of nonsmoking mothers (risk ratio 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.21). This difference was confined to wheezing attributed to wheezy bronchitis, of which children of smokers had 7.4 percent, and those of nonsmokers had 5.2 percent (risk ratio 1.44, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.68). The incidence of wheezy bronchitis increased as mothers smoked more cigarettes. After multiple logistic regression analysis was used to control for paternal smoking, social status, sex, family allergy, crowding, breast-feeding, gas cooking and heating, and bedroom dampness, the association of maternal smoking with childhood wheezy bronchitis persisted. Some of this effect was explained by maternal respiratory symptoms and maternal depression, but not by neonatal problems, the child's allergic symptoms, or paternal respiratory symptoms. There was a 14 per cent increase in childhood wheezy bronchitis when mothers smoked over four cigarettes per day, and a 49 per cent increase when mothers smoked over 14 cigarettes daily.
KW  - bronchitis
KW  - child
KW  - child health care
KW  - human
KW  - maternal behavior
KW  - parental behavior
KW  - priority journal
KW  - review
KW  - smoking
KW  - wheezing
N1  - Cited By :83
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJPEA
C2  - 2783639
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024533090&doi=10.2105%2fAJPH.79.2.168&partnerID=40&md5=5896a01dd1bb2b0daf77b73885323de8
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The incidence of active tuberculosis in a large urban area
T2  - American Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Am. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 129
IS  - 6
SP  - 1268
EP  - 1276
PY  - 1989
DO  - 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115246
SN  - 00029262 (ISSN) 
AU  - Enarson, D.A.
AU  - Wang, J.-S.
AU  - Dirks, J.M.
AD  - From the Respiratory Division, Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British, Canada
AB  - The author8 reviewed all cases of active tuberculosis newly reported to a population-based registry between 1970 and 1985 to compare a large urban area with the mostly rural remainder of the province of British Columbia, Canada. Although incidence rates have declined steadily in the rural area, they have not done so in the urban area. Within the urban area, there was a striking relation between tuberculosis incidence and socioeconomic level. Incidence rates in those born in Canada were observed to be higher for men than for women and higher for men who had never married than for those who had ever married, a difference no longer present within census tract groups. The greatest difference in incidence was between unemployed and employed men. Cases in the poorest census tracts more commonly had advanced, infectious pulmonary disease and were more likely to be alcoholics. The incidence of tuberculosis in the poorest census tracts did not decline as rapidly as In other areas. The characteristics of the disease in the poorest urban census tracts suggest the possibility of selective migration of persons at risk for tuberculosis and of continuing transmission of the disease and call for imaginative case-finding and treatment programs to address this problem. © 1989 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health.
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Poverty
KW  - Socioeconomic factors
KW  - Tuberculosis
KW  - Unemployment
KW  - canada
KW  - economic aspect
KW  - employment
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - mycobacterium tuberculosis
KW  - nonhuman
KW  - poverty
KW  - priority journal
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - tuberculosis
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Asia
KW  - British Columbia
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Indians, North American
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Tuberculosis
KW  - Urban Population
PB  - Oxford University Press
N1  - Cited By :45
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJEPA
C2  - 2786330
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Enarson, D.A.; Health Sciences Center, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
N1  - References: Grzybowski, S., (1983) Tuberculosis, a Look at the World Situation- Chest, 84, pp. 756-761; 
Enarson, D.A., Wade, J.P., Embree, V., Risk of tuberculosis in Canada: Implications for priorities in programs directed at specific groups (1987) Can J Public Health, 78, pp. 305-308; 
Vancouver, population and housing characteristics by census tracts. Catalogue no. 95-758 (1971) Ottawa, , 1974; 
Vancouver, census tracts: Selected social and economic characteristics. Catalogue no. 95-978 (1981) Ottawa, 3. , series B, 1983; 
Enarson, D.A., Active tuberculosis in Indochinese refugees in British Columbia (1984) Can Med Assoc J, 131, pp. 39-42; 
A tuberculosis survey in England and Wales, 1971: The influence of immigration and country of birth upon notifications (1972) Tubercle, 54, pp. 249-260; 
Ashley, M.J., Erson, T.W., Leriche, H., The influence of immigration on tuberculosis in Ontario (1974) Am Rev Respir Dis, 110, pp. 137-146; 
Enarson, D.A., Sjogren, I., Grzybowski, S., Incidence of tuberculosis among Scandinavian immigrants in Canada (1980) Eur J Respir Dis, 61, pp. 139-142; 
Springett, V.H., An interpretation of statistical trends in tuberculosis Lancet 1952;1, 521, pp. 575-580; 
Styblo, K., Meijer, J., Recent advances in tuberculosis epidemiology with regard to formulation or readjustment of control programmes (1978) Bull Int Union Tuberc, 52, pp. 283-294; 
Lowell, A.M., Edwards, L.B., Palmer, C.E., (1969) Tuberculosis, pp. 84-93. , Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 
Reichman, L.B., O’Day, R., Tuberculosis infection in a large urban population (1978) Am Rev Respir Dis, 117, pp. 705-712; 
Comstock, G.W., Livesay, V.T., Woolpert, S.F., The prognosis of a positive tuberculin reaction in childhood and adolescence (1974) Am J Epidemiol, 99, pp. 131-138; 
Horwitz, O., Tuberculosis risk and marital status (1971) Am Rev Respir Dis, 104, pp. 22-31; 
Horwitz, O., Wilbek, E., Erickson, P.A., Epidemiological basis of tuberculosis eradication. 10. Longitudinal studies on the risk of tuberculosis in the general population of a low-prevalence area (1969) Bull WHO, 41, pp. 95-113; 
Comstock, G.W., Edwards, L.B., Livesay, V.T., Tuberculosis morbidity in the US Navy: Its distribution and decline (1974) Am Rev Respir Dis, 110, pp. 572-580; 
Terris, M., Relation of economic status to tuberculosis mortality by age and sex (1948) Am J Public Health, 38, pp. 1061-1070; 
Holmdahl, S.G., Four population groups with relatively high tuberculosis incidence in Goteberg 1957-1964 (1967) Scand J Respir Dis, 48, pp. 308-320; 
Capewell, S., France, A.J., Erson, M., The diagnosis and management of tuberculosis in common hostel dwellers (1986) Tubercle, 67, pp. 125-131; 
Taylor, V., Stead, W., Schecter, G., Tuberculosis control among homeless populations (1987) MMWR, 36, pp. 257-259; 
Friedman, L.N., Sullivan, G.M., Bevilogua, R.P., Tuberculosis screening in alcoholics and drug addicts (1987) Am Rev Respir Dis, 136, pp. 1188-1192; 
Grzybowski, S., Allen, E.A., Black, W.A., Inner-city survey for tuberculosis: Evaluation of diagnostic methods (1987) Am Rev Respir Dis, 135, pp. 1311-1315; 
(1975) Seoul, Korea; 
Ferebee, S.H., Controlled chemoprophylaxis trials in tuberculosis: A general review (1970) Adv Tuberc Res, 17, pp. 28-106; 
Grzybowski, S., Barnett, G.D., Styblo K. Contacts of cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis. The Royal Netherlands Tuberculosis Association, The Hague, The Netherlands (1975) Selected Papers, 16, pp. 90-106; 
Piantadosi, S., Byar, D.P., Green, S.B., The ecological fallacy (1988) Am J Epidemiol, 127, pp. 893-904
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024374862&doi=10.1093%2foxfordjournals.aje.a115246&partnerID=40&md5=0a2b631788951f84692796537cf31d0a
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Migration trends and population projections for the elderly and their implications
T2  - Working Paper - University of Leeds, School of Geography
VL  - 505
PY  - 1988
SN  - 
AU  - Rees, P.H.
AU  - Stillwell, J.C.H.
AU  - Boden, P.
AB  - Examines patterns in inter-regional migration by the elderly in 1980-81, and compares them with patterns at other ages and in 1970-71, using a set of 20 British regions. The elderly are observed to be leading actors in the shift of population from metropolitan regions to the rest of the country, but the intensity of that shift is less in 1980-81 than in 1970-71. Migration gains and losses are placed in a wider components framework to ascertain the degree to which internal migration contributes to population redistribution compared with differential mortality or external migration. The influence of ageing in place on the future population of the elderly is assessed through an analysis of fluctuating cohort size. -from Authors
KW  - ageing
KW  - migration
KW  - mortality
KW  - population projection
KW  - population redistribution
KW  - UK
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024160747&partnerID=40&md5=c52fc473e49bccc046e8cd75caa98e01
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Reconsidering urban-fringe agriculture: a longitudinal analysis of capital restructuring on farms in the Metropolitan Green Belt
T2  - Transactions - Institute of British Geographers
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
SP  - 324
EP  - 336
PY  - 1988
SN  - 
AU  - Munton, R.
AU  - Whatmore, S.
AU  - Marsden, T.
AD  - Dept of Geography, Univ College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP, UK
AB  - Changes in the pattern and structure of urban-fringe agriculture are usually explained by reference to local conditions. Attention is rarely drawn to the wider economic imperatives affecting the farming industry. Here attention is drawn to the ways in which industrial and finance capital penetrate farming enterprises and to the response of individual farm businesses to these pressures. Evidence is presented from a longitudinal survey of farm businesses located on the edge of London for the period 1970 to 1985, focusing upon the re-organization of farm business capital and new divisions of land rights. -from Authors
KW  - capital restructuring
KW  - farming industry
KW  - metropolitan green belt
KW  - urban-fringe agriculture
KW  - UK, England, London
N1  - Cited By :18
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0024162422&partnerID=40&md5=a4d4399498257eea556a347a54c3e10d
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Length of preschool hospitalization, multiple admissions and later educational attainment and behaviour
T2  - Child: Care, Health and Development
J2  - Child Care Health Dev.
VL  - 14
IS  - 4
SP  - 275
EP  - 291
PY  - 1988
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1988.tb00581.x
SN  - 03051862 (ISSN) 
AU  - HASLVM, M.N.
AD  - Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8DZ, United Kingdom
AB  - Summary Differences in educational performance and behaviour at age 10 years between 2900 hospitalized and 11 000 non‐hospitalized children in the 1970 British Births Cohort were described previously. In the present analysis associations were found between the length of time children spent in hospital before the age of 5 years and performance on vocabulary tests at age 5 and age 10. Children whose first admission occurred between 2 and 5 years of age were particularly likely to show this association. There was also a relationship between the length of preschool hospitalization and reading and mathematics attainment at age 10. It was the number of times a child was admitted to hospital before the age of 5, rather than the length of stay, which was associated with antisocial and anxious behaviour at age 5. The association was evident when the first admission occurred between 2 and 5 years of age and not before age 2. There was no association with such behaviour at age 10 once social and family factors and readmission between ages 5 and 10 were taken into account. There was a strong association between admission between ages 5 and 10 and behaviour scores at age 10. The results are interpreted as providing evidence for a need to develop the hospital educational service to ameliorate these associations and to review schemes which reduce the anxiety‐provoking aspects of hospitalization for young children. Copyright © 1988, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
KW  - academic achievement
KW  - age
KW  - antisocial behavior
KW  - anxiety
KW  - behavior
KW  - hospitalization
KW  - human
KW  - language development
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - reading
KW  - school child
KW  - short survey
KW  - Achievement
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Behavior Disorders
KW  - Child, Hospitalized
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Learning Disorders
KW  - Length of Stay
KW  - Mathematics
KW  - Patient Readmission
KW  - Reading
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Vocabulary
N1  - Cited By :21
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 3168169
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: HASLVM, M.N.; Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8DZ, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Brimer, M.A., Dunn, L.M., (1962) English Picture Vocabulary Test, , Education Evaluation Enterprises, Bristol; 
Cadwell, B.S., Lockhart, L.H., A care‐by parent unit: its planning, implementation and patient satisfaction (1981) Children's Health Care, 10, pp. 4-7; 
(1982) Child Health and Education Study. First Report to the Department of Education and Science on the 10 year follow‐up of the 1970 Birth Cohort, , DES Library, London; 
Cleary, J., Gray, O.P., Hall, D.J., Rowlandson, P.H., Sainsbury, C.P.Q., Davies, M.M., Parental involvement in the lives of children in hospital (1986) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 61, pp. 779-787; 
(1959) Report of the Committee on the Welfare of Children in Hospital (The Platt Report), , Mott, London; 
Connors, C.K., A teacher rating scale for use in drug studies with children (1972) American Journal of Psychiatry, 126 (6), pp. 884-888; 
Douglas, J.W.B., Early hospital admissions and later disturbances of behaviour and learning (1975) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 17, pp. 456-480; 
Egbert, L.D., Battit, G.E., Welch, CE., Bartlett, M.K., Reduction of post operative pain by encouragement and instruction of patients (1964) New England Journal of Medicine, 270, pp. 825-827; 
Elliott, CD., Murray, D.J., Pearson, L.S., (1978) British Ability Scales, , NFER, Windsor; 
Ferguson, B.F., Preparing young children for hospital (1979) Paediatrics, 64 (5), pp. 656-684; 
Golding, J., Haslum, M.N., Hospital admissions (1986) From Birth to Five. A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's Five Year Olds, , eds, N. R. Butler, J. Golding, Pergamon, Oxford; 
Haslum, M.N., Howlett, B.C., Golding, J., Morris, A.C, (1987), Hospitalization in early childhood: associations with behavioural disturbance and educational attainment at age 10: evidence from the 1970 national longitudinal cohort study. Unpublished report available from the author; Hayward, J., (1975) Information: A Prescription Against Pain, , Royal College of Nursing, London; 
(1980) Health and Personal Social Service Statistics for England 1978, , HMSO, London; 
Janis, I.L., (1958) Psychological Stress: Psychoanalytic and Behavioural Studies of Surgical Patients, , John Wiley, New York; 
House, (1985) Shortened Edinburgh Reading Test, , Hodder & Stoughton, Sevenoaks; 
(1980) The Welfare of Children in Hospital, , HMSO, London; 
Quinton, D., Rutter, M., Early hospital admissions and later disturbances of behaviour: an attempted replication of Douglas' findings (1976) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 18, pp. 447-459; 
Rutter, M., A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers: preliminary findings (1967) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8, pp. 1-11; 
Rutter, M., Cox, A., Tupling, C., Berger, M., Yule, W., Attainment and adjustment in two geographical areas. I. The prevalence of psychiatric disorder (1975) British Journal of Psychiatry, 126, pp. 493-509; 
Vermillion, B.D., Ballentine, T.V.N., Grosfeld, J.L., The effective use of the parent care unit for infants on the surgical service (1979) Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 14, pp. 321-324
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023720210&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-2214.1988.tb00581.x&partnerID=40&md5=e155087fa3759715a6764042ec1e49ec
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Who remains celibate?
T2  - Journal of Biosocial Science
J2  - J. Biosoc. Sci.
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
SP  - 253
EP  - 264
PY  - 1988
DO  - 10.1017/S0021932000006593
SN  - 00219320 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kiernan, K.E.
AD  - Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, Northampton Square, United Kingdom
AB  - Who are the men and women who are single in their mid-30s? This study, which uses life history data for a British cohort born in 1946, shows that an important minority are ‘handicapped’ and these adults are cared for primarily by their families, in particular by elderly parents. Celibates tend to be more introverted, ambitious and to have older marrying parents than their ever-married peers. Single women differ from single men. The women are more likely to be of higher ability, to be graduates and to be in high status occupations whilst single men are more likely to be members of the lowest social class or unemployed. The great majority of single people live either with their parents or on their own. © 1988, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
KW  - adult
KW  - celibate
KW  - education
KW  - human
KW  - sex difference
KW  - social class
KW  - unemployment
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Employment Status
KW  - Europe
KW  - Family Planning
KW  - Family Planning, Behavioral Methods
KW  - Geographic Factors
KW  - Handicapped
KW  - Marital Status
KW  - Never Married--men
KW  - Never Married--women
KW  - Northern Europe
KW  - Nuptiality
KW  - Occupational Status
KW  - Parents
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Psychological Factors
KW  - Residence Characteristics
KW  - Sexual Abstinence
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Socioeconomic Status
KW  - Unemployment
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Disabled Persons
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Introversion (Psychology)
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Marriage
KW  - Sex Behavior
KW  - Sexual Abstinence
N1  - Cited By :31
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 2975287
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kiernan, K.E.; Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, Northampton Square, United Kingdom
N1  - References: ATKINS, E., CHERRY, N.M., DOUGLAS, J.W.B., KIERNAN, K.E., WADSWORTH, M.E.J., The 1946 British birth survey: an account of the origins, progress and results of the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) An Empirical Basis for Primary Prevention: Prospective Longitudinal Research in Europe, , Edited by S. A. Mednick & A. E. Baest. Oxford University Press, London; 
BONE, M., Trends in single women’s sexual behaviour in Scotland (1986) Popul. Trends, 43, p. 7; 
BROWN, A., KIERNAN, K.E., Cohabitation in Great Britain: evidence from the General Household Survey (1981) Popul. Trends, 25, p. 4; 
CARTER, H., GLICK, P.C., (1970) Marriage and Divorce: a Social and Economic Study, , Vital and Health Statistics Monographs, American Public Health Association. Harvard University Press, London; 
CHERRY, N., Components of occupational interest (1974) Br. J. educ. Psychol, 44, p. 22; 
COOKINGHAM, M.E., Bluestockings, spinsters and pedagogues: women college graduates, 1865 to 1910 (1984) Popul. Stud, 38, p. 3; 
DOUGLAS, J.W.B., The use and abuse of national cohorts (1976) The Organisation and Impact of Social Research, , Edited by M. Shipman. Routledge & Kegan Paul, London; 
DOUGLAS, J.W., ROSS, J.M., SIMPSON, H.R., (1968) All Our Future, , Davies London; 
EYSENCK, H.J., A short questionnaire for the measurement of two dimensions of personality (1958) J. appl. Psychol., 42, p. 14; 
FREEMAN, R., KLAUS, P., Blessed or not? The new spinster in England and the United States in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (1984) J. fam. Hist., 9, p. 4; 
GUY, C., (1983) Asking About Marriage, , National Marriage Guidance Council, London; 
KIERNAN, K.E., (1986) Transitions in Young Adulthood, , Working Paper No. 16, National Child Development Study User Support Group, City University, London; 
KIERNAN, K.E., ELDRIDGE, S.M., (1985) A Demographic Analysis of First Marriages in England and Wales 1950 to 1980, , Research Paper No. 85–1. Centre for Population Studies, London; 
KIERNAN, K.E., ELDRIDGE, S.M., Inter and intra cohort variation in the timing of first marriage (1987) Br. J. Sociol., 38, p. 1; 
MOUNT, F., (1982) The Subversive Family, , Jonathan Cape, London; 
Marriage and Divorce Statistics, , HM Stationery Office, London; 
PARKER, G., (1985) With Due Care and Attention: A Review of Research on Informal Care, , Family Policy Studies Centre, London; 
(1982) Values and the Changing Family, , Family Policy Studies Centre, London; 
TOWNSEND, P., (1957) The Family Life of Old People, , Routledge & Kegan Paul London
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023920270&doi=10.1017%2fS0021932000006593&partnerID=40&md5=b7312a12e3866db157e6e21ca4a4f604
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Persistence of occurrence of injury: Can injuries of preschool children predict injuries of school-aged children?
T2  - Pediatrics
J2  - PEDIATRICS
VL  - 82
IS  - 5
SP  - 707
EP  - 712
PY  - 1988
SN  - 00314005 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bijur, P.E.
AU  - Golding, J.
AU  - Haslum, M.
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
AB  - Data regarding 10,394 children from the 1970 British birth cohort were used to assess the consistency of injuries reported by parents as occurring between birth and 5 years of age and injuries reported between 5 and 10 years of age. Children with three or more separate injury events reported between birth and 5 years of age were 5.9 times more likely to have three or more injuries reported between 5 and 10 years of age than children without early injuries (95% confidence interval = 4.4 to 8.0). Children with one or more injuries resulting in hospitalization before 5 years of age were 2.5 times as likely to have one or more admissions to the hospital for injuries after 5 years of age than children with no early hospitalizations for injuries (95% confidence interval = 2.0 to 3.3). Stepwise regression was used to identify other predictors of injury. The number of injuries before 5 years of age were the best predictors of injuries reported between 5 and 10 years of age, followed by male sex, aggressive child behavior, young maternal age, many older, and few younger siblings. The findings of this study are consistent with two other large studies that relied on medical records rather than parental report and that focused on more severe injuries. Children with several of the identified risk factors can be predicted to have high rates of accidental injuries and may benefit from focused intervention.
KW  - accident proneness
KW  - aggression
KW  - child
KW  - forecasting
KW  - hospitalization
KW  - human
KW  - injury
KW  - priority journal
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - review
KW  - risk factor
KW  - sex difference
KW  - Accidents
KW  - Aggression
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Maternal Age
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
KW  - Wounds and Injuries
N1  - Cited By :46
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PEDIA
C2  - 3186349
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023739298&partnerID=40&md5=25665551ada98ac36d74cdb06f7dcef0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Epidemiology, course and socio-economic influence of inflammatory bowel disease
T2  - Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift
J2  - SCHWEIZ. MED. WOCHENSCHR.
VL  - 118
IS  - 20
SP  - 738
EP  - 742
PY  - 1988
SN  - 00367672 (ISSN) 
AU  - Binder, V.
AD  - Medical-Gastroenterological Department C, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev DK 2730, Denmark
AB  - Based on the literature and on our own experience from a follow-up study of all inflammatory bowel disease patients in a defined population, the epidemiology, course and socical economic aspects of the diseases are discussed. The incidence of ulcerative colitis has shown geographical differences with a stable incidence in Stockholm, Cardiff, the United Kingdom and Copenhagen compared to a remarkable increase in incidence in Iceland, Faroe Islands, Norway, Scotland and North Tees since 1970. For Crohn's disease there has been an overall increase in incidence in all studies with a tendency towards a plateau in recent years in some areas. The prevalence of ulcerative colitis in 1978 was 117/105 and for Crohn's disease 34/105 in Copenhagen county. The survival of the patients did not differ from that of the background except for a small excess mortality in elderly men with ulcerative colitis within the first 2 years with the disease. 10% of patients with ulcerative colitis were colectomized within 1 year and 23% within 10 years. 55% of patients with Crohn's disease were operated on within 10 years, 11% two or more times. The number of patients in complete remission for 10 years after the initial attack is practically zero. 90% of patients with ulcerative colitis and about 80% with Crohn's disease have full work capacity. The risk of intestinal cancer is 1.4% in ulcerative colitis after 18 years (e.g. twice the risk in the background population) and is markedly lower than in previous reports. In Crohn's disease no increased risk of cancer was found. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease seem to participate in social, family and professional life virtually to the same extent as the background population, although 55% of patients feel their life burdened by the disease. However, only a very small minority of patients with Crohn's disease need disablement pension within 10 years.
KW  - crohn disease
KW  - denmark
KW  - economic aspect
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - iceland
KW  - intestine cancer
KW  - male
KW  - norway
KW  - short survey
KW  - sweden
KW  - ulcerative colitis
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adult
KW  - Colitis, Ulcerative
KW  - Crohn Disease
KW  - Europe
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Work
N1  - Cited By :14
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SMWOA
C2  - 3387970
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023914121&partnerID=40&md5=a7eb0a37521171b71532f8832245d20c
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - CONTROLLED STUDY OF INTELLIGENCE AND SCHOOL PERFORMANCE OF VERY LOW‐BIRTHWEIGHT CHILDREN FROM A DEFINED GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
T2  - Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
J2  - Dev. Med. Child Neurol.
VL  - 30
IS  - 1
SP  - 36
EP  - 42
PY  - 1988
DO  - 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1988.tb04724.x
SN  - 00121622 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lloyd, B.W.
AU  - Wheldall, K.
AU  - Perks, D.
AD  - New Cross Hospital, Wolverhampton, West Midlands, United Kingdom
AD  - Centre for Child Study, Department of Educational Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
AB  - The authors studied the intellectual outcome of 45 of the 47 schoolchildren who had been born with very low birthweights (< 1501g) in Wolverhampton between 1975 and 1978 and were free of major handicap. Their outcome was compared with that of a control group matched for age, sex, race and social class. The very low‐birthweight children had lower IQs, were more likely to be performing poorly or below average at school and were more likely to show emotional disturbance. Those who had had a major neonatal illness were most likely to be performing below average at school. These results may be representative of the outcome for very low‐birthweight babies born in the United Kingdom during the late 1970s. Etude contrôlé de l'intelligence et des performances scolaires des enfants de très faible poids de naissance dans une aire géographique définie Les auteurs ont étudié, le devenir intellectuel de 45 parmi les 47 écoliers nés avec un trés faible poids de naissance (moins de 1501g) mais sans handicap majeur, à Wolverhampton entre 1975 et 1978. Leur devenir a été comparé avec celui d'un groupe contrôle apparié pour l'âge, le sexe, la race et la classe sociale. Les enfants de très faible poids de naissance avaient un QI plus bas, avaient plus de chances de performances médiocres ou au‐dessous de la moyenne à l'école et plus de chances de montrer des perturbations émotives. Ceux des enfants qui avaient présenté une maladie néonatale majeure avaient plus de chances de se situer au‐dessous de la moyenne à l'école. Les auteurs suggèrent que ces résultats peuvent être représentatifs du devenir des nourrissons de trés faible poids de naissance nés au Royaume Uni durant les dernières années 1970. © 1988 Mac Keith Press
KW  - academic achievement
KW  - child
KW  - controlled study
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - intelligence
KW  - low birth weight
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - male
KW  - normal human
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant, Low Birth Weight
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Intelligence
KW  - Learning
KW  - Male
N1  - Cited By :75
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 3371570
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lloyd, B.W.; Department of Paediatrics, North Middlesex Hospital, London, N18 1QX, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Drillien, C.M., Thomson, A.J.M., Burgoyne, K., Low‐birthweight children at early school‐age: a longitudinal study (1980) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 22, pp. 26-47; 
Eilers, B.L., Desai, N.S., Wilson, M.A., Cunningham, M.D., Classroom performance and social factors of children with birthweights of 1,250 grams or less: follow‐up at 5 to 8 years of age (1986) Pediatrics, 77, pp. 203-208; 
Elliot, C.D., Murray, D.J., Pearson, L.S., (1983) The British Ability Scales (revised edition), , Windsor:, NFER‐Nelson; 
Fitzhardinge, P.M., Current outcome: ICU populations (1980) Neonatal Neurological Assessment and Outcome. Report of the Seventy‐seventh Ross Conference on Pediatric Research, , Brann, A. W., Volpe, J. J.,. Columbus, Ohio:, Ross Laboratories; 
Fitzhardinge, P.M., Ramsay, M., The improving outlook for the small prematurely born infant (1973) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 15, pp. 447-459; 
Francis‐Williams, J., Davies, P.A., Very low birthweight and later intelligence (1974) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 16, pp. 709-728; 
Hack, M., Fanaroff, A.A., Merkatz, I.R., The low‐birth‐weight infant—evolution of a changing outlook (1979) New England Journal of Medicine, 301, pp. 1162-1165; 
Illsley, R., Mitchell, R.G., (1984) Low Birthweight: a Medical, Psychological and Social Study, , Chichester:, John Wiley; 
Jones, I.G., Cameron, D., Social class analysis—an embarrassment to epidemiology (1984) Community Medicine, 6, pp. 37-46; 
Kiely, J.L., Paneth, N., Follow‐up studies of low‐birthweight infants: suggestions for design, analysis and reporting (1981) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 23, pp. 96-100; 
Kitchen, W.H., Ryan, M.M., Rickards, A., McDougall, A.B., Billson, F.A., Keir, E.H., Naylor, F.D., A longitudinal study of very low‐birthweight infants. IV: An overview of performance at eight years of age (1980) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 22, pp. 172-188; 
Kitchen, W.H., Yu, V.Y.H., Orgill, A., Ford, G.W., Rickards, A., Astbury, J., Ryan, M.M., Nave, J.R.M., Collaborative study of very‐low‐birthweight: outcome of two year old survivors (1982) Lancet, 1, pp. 1457-1460; 
Klein, N., Hack, M., Gallagher, J., Fanaroff, A.A., Preschool performance of children with normal intelligence who were very low‐birth‐weight infants (1985) Pediatrics, 75, pp. 531-537; 
Lloyd, B.W., Outcome of very‐low‐birthweight babies from Wolverhampton (1984) Lancet, 2, pp. 739-741; 
Michelsson, K., Lindahl, E., Parre, M., Helenius, M., Nine‐year follow‐up of infants weighing 1500g or less at birth (1984) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 73, pp. 835-841; 
Noble‐Jamieson, C.M., Lukeman, D., Silverman, M., Davies, P.A., Low birthweight children at school age: neurological, psychological and pulmonary function (1982) Seminars in Perinatology, 6, pp. 266-273; 
(1980) Classification of Occupations, , London:, HMSO; 
Orgill, A.A., Astbury, J., Bajuk, B., Yu, V.Y.H., Early neurodevelopmental, outcome of very low birthweight infants (1982) Australian Paediatric Journal, 18, pp. 193-196; 
Powell, T.G., Pharoah, P.O.D., Cooke, R.W.I., Survival and morbidity in a geographically defined population of low birthweight infants (1986) Lancet, 1, pp. 539-543; 
Rutter, M., A children's behaviour questionnaire for completion by teachers (1967) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 8, pp. 1-11; 
Steiner, E.S., Sanders, E.M., Phillips, E.C.K., Maddock, C.R., Very low birth weight children at school age: comparison of neonatal management methods (1980) British Medical Journal, 281, pp. 1237-1240; 
Stewart, A.L., Reynolds, E.O.R., Improved prognosis for infants of very low birthweight (1974) Pediatrics, 54, pp. 724-735; 
Lipscomb, A.P., Outcome for infants of very low birthweight: survey of world literature (1981) Lancet, 1, pp. 1038-1041; 
Turcan, D., Rawlings, G., Hart, S., Gregory, S., Outcome for infants at high risk or major handicap (1978) Major Mental Handicap: Methods and Costs of Prevention. Ciba Foundation Symposium 59 (New Series), , Elliot, K., O'Connor, M.,. Amsterdam:, Elsevier/Excerpta Medica/North Holland
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023834156&doi=10.1111%2fj.1469-8749.1988.tb04724.x&partnerID=40&md5=dc1871ea2e7bb7fdd362ee1f6d34f088
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Motor vehicle traffic accident mortality in Canada, 1921-1984
T2  - American Journal of Preventive Medicine
J2  - AM. J. PREV. MED.
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
SP  - 220
EP  - 230
PY  - 1988
SN  - 07493797 (ISSN) 
AU  - Millar, W.J.
AU  - Last, J.M.
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
AB  - The analysis of motor vehicle traffic accident mortality through the use of cross-sectional and secular death rates indicates that motor vehicle traffic accident death rates increased over all age and sex groups from 1921 to 1970. Each generation, defined as a birth cohort, experienced successively higher motor vehicle traffic accident mortality rates until the 1970s. The most striking increase occurred among youths 15-24 years of ages. Motor vehicle traffic accidents were responsible for 518,488 hospital days in Canadian hospitals in 1981-82. Approximately 47% of the days involved youths below the age of 25. Among youths in the 15-24 age group, about 30% of the hospital separations attributable to motor vehicle traffic accidents involved head injuries. Between 1970 and 1984, motor vehicle traffic accident mortality rates declined in all age groups. The possible reasons for the decline and the current pattern of motor vehicle traffic accident mortality are discussed in terms of the implications for hospital utilization and the prevalence of disability.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - canada
KW  - fatality
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - motorized transport
KW  - short survey
KW  - traffic accident
KW  - Accidents, Traffic
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Canada
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Craniocerebral Trauma
KW  - Female
KW  - Head Protective Devices
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant
KW  - Length of Stay
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Seat Belts
KW  - Sex Factors
N1  - Cited By :7
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJPME
C2  - 3166826
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023732942&partnerID=40&md5=301c6ef1e3c16c343d25f9d902325e1f
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Organisation and results of the cervical cytology screening programme in British Columbia, 1955-85
T2  - British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.)
J2  - Brit. Med. J.
VL  - 296
IS  - 6627
SP  - 975
EP  - 978
PY  - 1988
DO  - 10.1136/bmj.296.6627.975
SN  - 02670623 (ISSN) 
AU  - Anderson, G.H.
AU  - Boyes, D.A.
AU  - Benedet, J.L.
AU  - Riche, J.C.L.
AU  - Matisic, J.P.
AU  - Suen, K.C.
AU  - Worth, A.J.
AU  - Millner, A.
AU  - Bennett, O.M.
AD  - Division of Cytology, Cancer Control Agency of BC, Vancouver, V5Z 4E6, British Columbia, Canada
AB  - A screening programme to detect preinvasive carcinoma of the cervix was started in British Columbia in 1949. Since 1970 the number of women who have been screened at least once has been maintained at about 85% of the population at risk. More than 500000 cervical smears are being examined each year in the central laboratory. There has been an appreciable increase in the number of cases and rates of carcinoma in situ seen since 1970, particularly in women between 20 and 30 years of age. Since the programme started over 26 000 cases of squamous carcinoma in situ have been detected and treated. The incidence of clinically invasive squamous carcinoma of the cervix has fallen by 78% during the period under review, and mortality from squamous carcinoma of the cervix has fallen by 72%. A colposcopy programme, introduced throughout British Columbia over the past 12 years, has been important in reducing the problems of managing preinvasive lesions, particularly in younger women. It is concluded that the reduction in morbidity and mortality from invasive squamous cancer of the cervix in British Columbia over the past 30 years is directly attributable to the province wide screening programme and that a large potential increase in invasive cervical cancer rates among younger women is being prevented. © 1988, British Medical Journal Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
KW  - adult
KW  - cancer screening
KW  - cytology
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - priority journal
KW  - uterine cervix cancer
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - British Columbia
KW  - Carcinoma in Situ
KW  - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
KW  - Cervix Neoplasms
KW  - Colposcopy
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Mass Screening
KW  - Medical Records
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Vaginal Smears
N1  - Cited By :164
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 3129115
LA  - English
N1  - References: Anderson, G.H., Cervical cytology. In: Miller AB, ed. Screening for cancer (1985) London: Academic Press, pp. 87-102; 
Canadian Task Force. Cervical cancer screening programs (1976) Can Med Assoc, 114, pp. 1003-1033; 
Anderson, G.H., Flynn, K.J., Hickey, L.A., Riche, J.C., Matisic, J.P., Suen, K.C., A comprehensive internal quality control system for a large cytology laboratory (1987) Acta Cytol, 31, pp. 895-899; 
Benedet, J.L., Anderson, G.H., Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in British Columbia: a comprehensive program for detection (1981) diagnosis, and treatment. Gynecol Oncol, 12, pp. 280-291; 
Laara, E., Day, N.E., Hakama, M., Trends in mortality from cervical cancer in the Nordic countries: association with organised screening programs (1987), pp. 1247-1249. , Lancet; Draper, G.J., Cook, G.A., Changing patterns of cervical cancer rates (1983) Br Med J, 287, pp. 510-512; 
Wolfendale, M.R., King, S., Usherwood, M.M., Abnormal cervical smears: are we in for an epidemic? (1983), 287, pp. 526-528. , Br Med J; Hofferth, S.L., Kahn, J.R., Baldwin, W., Premarital sexual activity among US teenage women over the past three decades (1987) Family Planning Perspectives, 19, pp. 46-53; 
Townsend, D.E., Richart, R.M., Marks, E., Nielsen, J., Invasive cancer following outpatient evaluation and therapy for cervical disease (1981) Obstet Gynecol, 57, pp. 145-159; 
Townsend, D.E., Richart, R.M., Diagnostic errors in colposcopy (1981) Gynecol Oncol, 12, pp. 259-264; 
Benedet, J.L., Anderson, G.H., Boyes, D.A., Colposcopie accuracy in the diagnosis of microinvasive and occult invasive carcinoma of the cervix (1985) Obstet Gynecol, 65, pp. 557-562; 
Richart, R.M., Barron, B.A., Screening strategies for cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (1981) Cancer, 47, pp. 1176-1181; 
Canadian Task Force (1982) Cervical cancer screening programs: summary of the 1982 Canadian Task Force report, 127, pp. 581-589. , CanMedAssocJ; 
I ARC Working Group on Evaluation of Cervical Cancer Screening Programmes (1986) Screening for squamous cervical cancer: duration of low risk after negative results of cervical cytology and its implication for screening policies, 293, pp. 659-664. , Br Med J
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023933593&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.296.6627.975&partnerID=40&md5=cf2486635fb03e9dd055c12d27c44b61
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Complete rectal prolapse: The anatomical and functional results of treatment by an extended abdominal rectopexy
T2  - British Journal of Surgery
J2  - Br. J. Surg.
VL  - 75
IS  - 1
SP  - 34
EP  - 37
PY  - 1988
DO  - 10.1002/bjs.1800750113
SN  - 00071323 (ISSN) 
AU  - Mann, C.V., Mr
AU  - Hoffman, C.
AD  - St. Mark's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
AD  - The London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
AB  - Between 1970 and 1985 (inclusive), 66 patients presented with complete rectal prolapse; 59 (89 per cent) were treated by extended abdominal rectopexy. Forty‐four patients (75 per cent) have been followed for more than 2 years: all cases were cured of their complete prolapse, no patients died, and major complications were few. Constipation (47 per cent) and incontinence (19 per cent) caused serious problems for many patients postoperatively. Copyright © 1988 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd.
KW  - extended rectopexy
KW  - functional results
KW  - Rectal prolapse
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - methodology
KW  - proctopexy
KW  - rectum prolapse
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Constipation
KW  - Fecal Incontinence
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Methods
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Postoperative Complications
KW  - Rectal Prolapse
N1  - Cited By :96
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 3337947
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Mann, C.V.; The London Hospital, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Butler, EC, Intra‐abdominal repair of rectal prolapse (1964) Diseases of the Colon & Rectum, 7, pp. 546-548; 
Wells, C, New operation for rectal prolapse (1959) Proc R Soc Med, 52, pp. 602-603; 
Goligher, JC, (1975) Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon, p. 305. , 3rd ed., London, Ballière Tindall; 
Frykman, HM, Goldberg, SM, The surgical treatment of rectal procidentia (1969) Surgery, 129, pp. 1225-1230; 
Keighley, MR, Fielding, JW, Alexander‐Williams, J, Results of Marlex mesh abdominal rectopexy for rectal prolapse in 100 consecutive patients (1983) Br J Surg, 70, pp. 229-232; 
Morgan, CN, Porter, NA, Klugman, DJ, Ivalon (polyvinyl alcohol) sponge in the repair of complete rectal prolapse (1972) Br J Surg, 59, pp. 841-846; 
Penfold, JCB, Hawley, PR, Experiences of Ivalon Sponge implant for complete rectal prolapse at St. Mark's Hospital, 1960–1970 (1972) Br J Surg, 59, pp. 846-848; 
Ripstein, CB, Procidentia—definitive corrective surgery (1972) Dis Colon Rectum, 15, pp. 334-336; 
Snellmann, B, (1984) Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon, p. 264. , Cited in:, Goligher JC, 5th ed., London, Ballière Tindall; 
Parks, AG, Post‐anal pelvic floor repair (and the treatment of anorectal incontinence) (1977) Operative Surgery, 4, pp. 249-254. , Todd I, 3rd ed., Colon, Rectum and Anus., London and Boston, Butterworths; 
Wyatt, AP, Perineal rectopexy for rectal prolapse (1981) Br J Surg, 68, pp. 717-719; 
Haskell, B, Royner, N, A modified Thiersch operation for complete rectal prolapse using a Teflon prosthesis (1963) Dis Colon Rectum, 6, pp. 192-195; 
Goligher, JC, Hughes, ESR, Sensibility of the rectum and colon: its role in the mechanism of anal continence (1951) Lancet, 1, pp. 543-548; 
Keighley, MR, Shouler, PR, Colonic function in patients with rectal prolapse and faecal incontinence (1984) Br J Surg, 71, pp. 892-895; 
Muir, EG, Treatment of complete rectal prolapse in the adult (1962) Proc R Soc Med, 55, pp. 1086-1087; 
Goldberg, SH, Gordon, PH, Nivatvongs, S, (1980) Essentials of Ano‐Rectal Surgery, pp. 257-259. , Philadelphia, Lippincott; 
Christiansen, J, Kirkegaard, P, Delorme's operation for complete rectal prolapse (1981) Br J Surg, 68, pp. 537-538; 
Gabriel, WB, (1949) Principles and Practice of Rectal Surgery, p. 128. , 4th ed., London, HK Lewis; 
Notaras, MJ, The use of mersilene mesh in rectal prolapse repair (1973) Proc R Soc Med, 66, pp. 684-686
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023870158&doi=10.1002%2fbjs.1800750113&partnerID=40&md5=c311998c4186735949a2d2c8f3e60f72
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Risk stratification after myocardial infarction with and without coronary artery bypass grafting
T2  - European Heart Journal
J2  - EUR. HEART J.
VL  - 9
IS  - SUPPL. G
SP  - 91
EP  - 100
PY  - 1988
SN  - 0195668X (ISSN) 
AU  - Reid, J.M.
AU  - Dargie, H.J.
AD  - Department of Cardiology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, United Kingdom
AB  - Two reports from the U.S.A. on asymptomatic men under 60 years gave an incidence of angina pectoris of 0.2-0.4% year-1, of MI of 0.2-0.7% year-1, and of sudden death of 0.1-0.4% year-1. Hammond et al. followed up 234 airmen whose average age was 50 years and whose applications were approved for active flight status following coronary artery surgery performed between 1970 and 1980. The probability of remaining free of cardiac events (abnormal exercise test, development of angina, MI, further cardiac surgery) was 83% in the five years after surgery, compared with 92% in the selected group from the CASS study reported by Chaitman et al. The five-year survival was 91%, which is lower than in the CASS study for men with normal or only slightly impaired left ventricular function. Chaitman et al. concluded that, as the risk of an acute cardiac event or death was low in patients with normal left ventricular function, recertification was appropriate provided the patients fulfilled the necessary criteria. While agreeing with the need for assessing revascularization by post-operative cardiac catheterization, they suggested from the CASS study data that this was not necessary in a specific subgroup of non-smoking, non-hypertensive patients with a normal maximal exercise test and normal left ventricular function. In the U.K., guidelines used by the Civil Aviation Authority in the assessment of satisfactory recovery from bypass graft surgery are absence of symptoms, normal resting and exercise electrocardiography, and normal myocardial perfusion (thallium scan). Repeat angiography one year after surgery is required to demonstrate patency of all the grafts, normal LV function, and that there is no progression of obstructive coronary artery disease in the native circulation. Follow-up angiography is generally required not later than five years following recertification. These requirements are broadly similar to those of the Federal Aviation Administration in the U.S.A. Given the foregoing data it would seem unreasonable to withhold restricted recertification to fly in pilots who, following recovery from an uncomplicated MI, are clinically well and fulfil the following criteria. Ability to complete stage IV (usually) of a Bruce protocol of a treadmill exercise test without chest pain, with an appropriate rise in blood pressure and heart rate and without ECG evidence of reversible ischaemia or the occurrence of an important arrhythmia. Demonstration of normal (&gt;50%) ejection fraction on nuclear ventriculography (for reference purposes). Failure to demonstrate complex ventricular arrhythmias or silent ischaemia on two 24-h ambulatory monitoring tapes. Failure to demonstrate any signficant coronary disease in non infarct-related vessels shown by coronary arteriography. It would also seem logical to apply the same criteria to those persons undergoing coronary bypass grafting following MI with the additional proviso that one year following surgery all grafts can be shown to be patent with no evidence of significant atheromatous narrowing, or progression of native disease.
KW  - adult
KW  - airplane crew
KW  - coronary artery bypass surgery
KW  - female
KW  - heart infarction
KW  - human
KW  - licence
KW  - male
KW  - prognosis
KW  - risk
KW  - short survey
KW  - Coronary Artery Bypass
KW  - Human
KW  - Myocardial Infarction
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Risk Factors
N1  - Cited By :2
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EHJOD
C2  - 3042423
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023946418&partnerID=40&md5=e672765cdc6d0f506572180a3028c57b
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mortality of workers at acetylene production plants
T2  - British Journal of Industrial Medicine
J2  - BR. J. IND. MED.
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
SP  - 63
EP  - 69
PY  - 1988
SN  - 00071072 (ISSN) 
AU  - Newhouse, M.L.
AU  - Matthews, G.
AU  - Sheikh, K.
AU  - Knight, K.L.
AU  - Oakes, D.
AU  - Sullivan, K.R.
AD  - Department of Occupational Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
AB  - To reduce the risk of explosion oxyacetylene cylinders are filled with a spongy mass, acetone is added to saturate the mass, and acetylene is pumped into the cylinder. The first cylinders manufactured before 1936 used a kapok filling topped off with about 16 oz of crocidolite asbestos, with a metal gauze thimble inserted to reduce risk of flash back. Cylinders must be examined annually. The use of crocidolite ceased in 1972 and other fillings have been adopted since 1970; kapok cylinders now constitute less than 5% of the total stock. To assess possible hazards, a mortality study of workers first employed between 1935 and 1975 and followed up to December 1984 was undertaken. Simulation tests showed low concentrations of asbestos in the air even in the earliest period. The population studied consisted of 370 workers at the Bilston plant in the West Midlands, 611 at the 14 other plants in England and Wales, and 120 in Scotland. No deaths occurred from mesothelial tumours but there was an excess of deaths from cancer, particularly lung cancer, cancer of the stomach, and cancer of the pancreas, the latter accounting for eight deaths. Risks appeared to be concentrated at the Bilston plant. The importance of these findings is discussed.
KW  - acetylene
KW  - asbestos
KW  - crocidolite
KW  - adult
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - fatality
KW  - human
KW  - lung cancer
KW  - mortality
KW  - pancreas cancer
KW  - stomach cancer
KW  - Acetylene
KW  - Chemical Industry
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Lung Neoplasms
KW  - Occupational Diseases
KW  - Pancreatic Neoplasms
KW  - Stomach Neoplasms
N1  - Cited By :10
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJIMA
C2  - 3342189
LA  - English
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: acetylene, 74-86-2; asbestos, 1332-21-4; crocidolite, 12001-28-4, 53799-46-5, 61105-31-5; Acetylene, 74-86-2
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mortality of vermiculite miners exposed to tremolite
T2  - Annals of Occupational Hygiene
J2  - Ann. Occup. Hyg.
VL  - 32
IS  - inhaled_particles_VI
SP  - 459
EP  - 467
PY  - 1988
DO  - 10.1093/annhyg/32.inhaled_particles_VI.459
SN  - 00034878 (ISSN) 
AU  - Amandus, H.E.
AU  - Wheeler, R.
AU  - Armstrong, B.G.
AU  - McDonald, A.D.
AU  - McDonald, J.C.
AU  - Sebastien, P.
AD  - The Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 944 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, 26505, United States
AD  - School of Occupational Health, McGill University, 1110 Pine Ave. West, Montreal, H3A 1 A3, Canada
AB  - Closely similar cohort mortality studies were conducted independently and in parallel by groups from NIOSH and McGill University among past and present employees of a Montana mine and mill where the vermiculite ore is contaminated by amphibole fibres, mainly of the tremolite- actinolite series. The NIOSH cohort consisted of 569 men hired before 1970, while the McGill cohort consisted of 406 men hired before 1963, and men in both cohorts were employed at least 1 year. Exposures were estimated for each man in fibre-years (f-y) from work histories and all available samples of airborne dust tested by governmental agencies or the company since 1956. A man-years analysis against U.S. white male mortality showed increased SMR’s from lung cancer and non-malignant respiratory disease (NIOSH:2.15 and 2.46; McGill: 2.45 and 2.55). In relation to exposure, the SMR for lung cancer was estimated to increase 0.6% by NIOSH and 1.1% by McGill with each unit increase in f-y. Mortality from mesothelioma was reported as the underlying cause of death in 2 cases in the NIOSH cohort, and as the underlying or contributing cause of death in 4 cases in the McGill cohort. © 1988 The British Occupational Hygiene Society.
N1  - Cited By :12
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - References: Berry, G., The analysis of mortality by the subject-years method (1983) Biometrics, 39, pp. 173-184; 
Cox, D.R., Regression models and life-tables (1972) J. R. Statist. Soc. B, 34, pp. 187-202; 
Hanley, J., Liddell, F.D.K., Fitting relationship between exposure and standardized mortality ratios (1985) J. Occup. Med, 27, pp. 555-560; 
Monson, R., Analysis of relative survival and proportional mortality (1974) Computers and Biomedical Research, 1, pp. 325-332; 
Oldham, P.D., On estimating the arithmetic means of lognormally-distributed populations (1965) Biometrics, 21, pp. 235-239; 
Thomas, D.C., General relative-risk models for survival time and matched case-control analysis (1981) Biometrics, 37, pp. 673-686
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Partial sight and blindness in children of the 1970 birth cohort at 10 years of age
T2  - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
J2  - J. EPIDEMIOL. COMMUNITY HEALTH
VL  - 42
IS  - 1
SP  - 17
EP  - 23
PY  - 1988
DO  - 10.1136/jech.42.1.17
SN  - 0143005X (ISSN) 
AU  - Stewart-Brown, S.L.
AU  - Haslum, M.N.
AD  - Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom
AB  - The prevalence and causes of partial sight and blindness (best corrected distant visual acuity of 6/24 or less) have been studied in a nationally representative sample of 15,000 10-year-old children. The prevalence of blindness (acuity <6/60) was between 3.4 and 4.0/10,000. All these children had been registered as blind; less than half were in schools for the blind, the remainder were all in other special schools. The pravalence of partial sight (acuity ≤6/24 ≥6/60) was between 5.4 and 8.7/10,000; less than half of these children were in schools for the visually handicapped or partially sighted; most were in ordinary schools; half were neither registered as partially sighted nor ascertained as in need of special education for visual handicap. The most common cause of partial sight or blindness in this cohort was congenital cataract; the second most common was congenital nystagmus. The study identified a number of children whose best acuity on examination was 6/24 or less who had either no ophthalmological diagnosis or who had been diagnosed as suffering from a refractive error. These children have been included in the study because at the time of the survey they had either not been prescribed spectacles or they had spectacles which they were not wearing; the functional visual level of these children was therefore equivalent to that of those defined as partially sighted.
KW  - blindness
KW  - congenital cataract
KW  - congenital nystagmus
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - education
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - handicapped child
KW  - human
KW  - school child
KW  - short survey
KW  - visual acuity
KW  - visual disorder
N1  - Cited By :38
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JECHD
C2  - 3418281
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023890491&doi=10.1136%2fjech.42.1.17&partnerID=40&md5=a4bb07773b65fce77422fa63b9761937
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - HBsag-positive swedish blood donors: Natural history and origin of infection
T2  - Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases
J2  - Scand. J. Infect. Dis.
VL  - 20
IS  - 4
SP  - 377
EP  - 382
PY  - 1988
DO  - 10.3109/00365548809032471
SN  - 00365548 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lindberg, J.
AU  - Lindholm, A.
AD  - Department of Infectious Diseases, East Hospital and the Blood Center, Sahlgrens Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
AB  - 99 HBsAg-positive blood donors (BDs) were discovered in Göteborg during 1970-84. Of the 82 patients where the outcome is known 46 had transient and 36 persistent antigenemia. Chronic hepatitis was found in 6 patients while 30 were asymptomatic carriers. Three BDs had died, 1 of them from cholangiocellular cancer. An obvious mode of transmission was demonstrated for 19 BDs, i.v. drug abuse being the most frequent one. Five BDs originated from countries with a known high prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Family contacts of the remaining carriers had serological markers for HBV in the following frequencies: mothers 46% siblings 39% fathers 25% children 13% spouses 10% Only children of female carriers had markers for HBV infection. Intrafamiliar transmission during childhood is an important route of transmission even in a country with low HBV endemicity and amongst people without connection with endemic regions. This population may be susceptible to the consequences of a long-term carriership of HBV. © 1988 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - hepatitis b antigen
KW  - adult
KW  - antigen blood level
KW  - blood donor
KW  - chronic hepatitis
KW  - familial incidence
KW  - fatality
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - hepatitis b
KW  - human
KW  - liver cell carcinoma
KW  - male
KW  - priority journal
KW  - virus carrier
KW  - virus transmission
KW  - Adult
KW  - Blood Donors
KW  - Carrier State
KW  - Child
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Female
KW  - Hepatitis B
KW  - Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Sweden
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :4
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SJIDB
C2  - 3194706
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lindberg, J.; Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Östra Sjukhuset, S-41685, Göteborg, Sweden
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
N1  - References: Beasley, R.P., Hwang, L.Y., Lin, C.C., Chin-Siang, C., Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus (1981) Lancet, 2, pp. 1129-1133; 
Zucherman, A.J., Viral hepatitis, the B antigen and liver cancer (1974) Cell, 1, pp. 65-67; 
Bianchi, L., de Groote, T., Desmot, V.J., Gedigk, P., Korb, G., Popper, H., Poulsen, H., Wepler, W., Acute and chronic hepatitis revisited. Review by an international group (1977) Lancet, 2, pp. 914-919; 
Helshe, T., Carriers of hepatitis B antigen and transfusion hepatitis in Finland (1974) Scand J Haematol; 
Szummers, W., Recent advances in the study of the epidemiology of hepatitis B (1975) Am J Pathol, 81, pp. 629-647; 
Bernier, R.H., Sampliner, R., Gerety, R., Tabor, E., Hamilton, F., Nathanson, N., Hepatitis B infections in households of chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (1982) Am J Epidemiol, 116, pp. 199-211; 
Feinman, S.V., Cooter, N., Sinclair, J.C., Wrobel, D.M., Berris, B., Clinical and epidemiological significance of the HBsAg carrier state (1975) Gastroenterology, 68, pp. 113-120; 
Stevens, C.E., Beasley, R.P., Tsui, J., Lee, W.C., Vertical transmission of hepatitis B antigen i Taiwan (1975) N Engl J Med, 292, pp. 771-774; 
Iwarson, S., Lindholm, A., Lundin, P., Hermodsson, S., Hepatitis-associated antigen and antibody in Swedish blood donors (1972) Vox Sang, 22, pp. 501-509; 
Beasley, R.P., Hwang, L.Y., Liu, C.C., Chien, C.S., Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus (1981) Lancet, 2, pp. 1129-1132; 
Tabor, E., Gerety, R.J., Vogel, C.L., Bayley, A.C., Anthony, P.P., Chan, C.H., Barker, L.F., Hepatitis B virus infection and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (1977) J Natl Cancer Inst, 58, pp. 1197-1200; 
Sakuma, K., Takakara, T., Okuda, K., Truda, F., Mayumi, M., Prognosis of hepatitis B virus surface antigen carriers in relation to routine liver function tests: a prospective study (1982) Gastroenterology, 83, pp. 114-117
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Acral (volar‐subungual) melanoma in Auckland, New Zealand
T2  - British Journal of Surgery
J2  - Br. J. Surg.
VL  - 75
IS  - 1
SP  - 69
EP  - 72
PY  - 1988
DO  - 10.1002/bjs.1800750125
SN  - 00071323 (ISSN) 
AU  - Shaw, J.H.F., Mr
AU  - Koea, J.B.
AD  - University Department of Surgery, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
AB  - We have retrospectively reviewed the charts of 34 acral melanoma patients (melanoma arising from the volar skin of the hands, feet or a subungual site) seen in the Auckland area between 1970 and 1985. These 34 patients constituted 3.5 per cent of the total number of patients (972) reviewed over this period. Six of the thirty‐four patients were either Polynesian or Maori. There were 19 men and 15 women, and the mean age of the group was 59 years. The primary lesion arose from the plantar or palmar skin in 25 patients and 9 patients had subungual lesions. All lesions but one were pigmented. Most patients with plantar or palmar lesions presented with clinical stage 1, Clark's level 4 disease, while those with subungual lesions presented most commonly with stage 2, Clark's level 5 disease. Treatment was wide local resection for plantar and palmar lesions and amputation for subungual lesions. Regional lymph node dissection was performed in 10 patients with positive nodes at presentation and in 6 patients who developed metachronous nodal disease. Patients were followed for between 1 and 16 years, and 18 patients died in this period, 15 of metastatic melanoma (mean time 34 months). Subungual melanoma carried a worse prognosis than melanoma arising in palmar or plantar skin. Copyright © 1988 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd.
KW  - acral lentigenous melanoma
KW  - Malignant melanoma
KW  - surgical treatment
KW  - volarsubungual melanoma
KW  - cancer surgery
KW  - ethnic or racial aspects
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - melanoma
KW  - prognosis
KW  - subungual tumor
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Extremities
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Melanoma
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Skin Neoplasms
N1  - Cited By :19
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 3337957
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Shaw, J.H.F.; University Department of Surgery, Auckland Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
N1  - References: Reed, RJ, (1976), pp. 27-147. , New concepts in surgical pathology of the skin. In: Hartman W, Kay S, Reed RJ, eds. Histopathology. New York; Gutman, M, Klausner, JM, Inbar, M, Skornick, Y, Baratz, M, Rozin, RR, Acral (volarsubungual) melanoma (1985) Br J Surg, 72, pp. 610-613; 
Das Gupta, T, Transfield, R, Subungual melanoma—25‐year review of cases (1965) Ann Surg, 161, pp. 545-552; 
Shaw, JHF, Shannon, T, Clark, M, (1987), Malignant melanoma in Auckland, New Zealand. Surg Gynecol Obstet; Freeman, M, Fairbrother, G, Rose, R, 1982 survey of skin cancer in the Hamilton area (1982) NZ Med J, 95, pp. 529-533; 
Scott, J, Jolly, K, Clark, A, Melanoma in Otago and Southland (1980) NZ Med J, 92, pp. 422-424; 
Watson, EC, Melanoma: a 10‐year retrospective survey (1963) Aust NZ J Surg, 33, pp. 31-46; 
Paladugo, RR, Winberg, CD, Yonemoto, RH, Acral lentigenous melanoma. A clinico‐pathologic study of 36 patients (1983) Cancer, 52, pp. 164-168; 
Seiji, M, Takahashi, M, Acral melanoma in Japan (1982) Human Pathol, 13, pp. 607-609; 
Clark, WH, Bernardino, EA, Reed, RJ, Kopf, AW, Acral lentigenous melanomas of mucus membranes in human malignant melanoma (1979) Human Malignant Melanoma, pp. 109-124. , Clark WH, Goldman LI, Mastrengelo MJ, New York, Grune and Stratton; 
Kremitz, ET, Reed, RJ, Coleman, WP, Sutherland, CM, Carter, RD, Campbell, M, Acral lentigenous melanoma‐a clinicopathologic entity (1982) Ann Surg, 195, pp. 632-645; 
Fibelman, CE, Stoll, H, Maize, JC, Melanoma of the palms, soles and nailbed. A clinico‐pathologic study (1980) Cancer, 46, pp. 2492-2504; 
Patterson, WB, Cutaneous melanoma (1978) Clinical Oncology, pp. 281-285. , Rubin R, 5th Ed., New York, American Cancer Society; 
Patterson, RH, Helwig, EB, Subungual malignant melanoma. A clinico‐pathologic study (1980) Cancer, 46, pp. 2074-2082; 
Rippey, JJ, Lewin, JB, Lewin, JR, Acral lentigenous melanoma, a Hutchinson's melanotic freckle of the extremities (1978) S Afr Med J, 53, pp. 1016-1017; 
Rampen, FHJ, At least one centimetre for each millimetre (1984) Br Med J, 289, pp. 782-783; 
Goldman, LI, Decisions in the management of cutaneous malignant melanoma (1980) Semin Oncol, 7, pp. 370-375; 
McGovern, VJ, (1983) Melanoma: Histological Diagnosis and Prognosis, , New York, Raven Press; 
Sugarbaker, EV, McBride, CM, Survival and regional control after isolation‐perfusion for invasive stage 1 melanoma of the extremities (1976) Cancer, 37, pp. 188-198; 
Calvo, DB, Patt, YZ, Wallace, S, Phase I‐II trial of percutaneous intra‐arterial cis‐diamine‐dischloro platinum(II) for regionally confined malignancy (1980) Cancer, 45, pp. 1278-1283; 
Veronesi, U, Adamus, J, Aubert, C, A randomised trial of adjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy in cutaneous malignant melanoma (1982) N Engl J Med, 307, pp. 913-916
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023839113&doi=10.1002%2fbjs.1800750125&partnerID=40&md5=5502d70e8695158bb482a85b9a9d14f9
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Relationships of age, period, and birth cohort for stomach cancer mortality in Japan
T2  - Japanese Journal of Cancer Research
J2  - Jpn. J. Cancer Res.
VL  - 78
IS  - 6
SP  - 547
EP  - 558
PY  - 1987
SN  - 09105050 (ISSN) 
AU  - Hamajima, N.
AU  - Lee, J.A.H.
AD  - Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466, Japan
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, SC-36, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
AB  - The mortality data on stomach cancer in Japan during 1955 to 1980 were analyzed by the use of an age-period-cohort model. Although the model could not give a unique solution of age, period, and cohort parameters, several sets of estimates of the parameters clarified particular features of each effect. Within a plausible range, the features were as follows. The period parameter underwent linear change from 1965 to 1980 for males and from 1970 to 1980 for females. The cohort parameters decreased birth cohort by birth cohort, at least among those who were born after 1891. The curve of the age parameter in females showed a shoulder around age 40 and a subsequent upward slope to age 80, while that in males was unimodal. The curve in females was compatible with the idea that there might be two different main entities in stomach cancer. The model also gave estimates of future trends in stomach cancer mortality under the assumption that there would be no additional change in period effect other than that expected from the recent quinquennia. The number of deaths from stomach cancer in males would be rather stable until 2000, and that in females would decline slightly. The age-adjusted and crude mortality rates would continue to decrease at least until 2000. © 1987.
KW  - Age-period-cohort model
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Stomach cancer
KW  - age
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - fatality
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - human
KW  - japan
KW  - mortality
KW  - priority journal
KW  - stomach
KW  - stomach cancer
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Epidemiologic Methods
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Japan
KW  - Life Style
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Models, Theoretical
KW  - Population Surveillance
KW  - Stomach Neoplasms
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :5
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JJCRE
C2  - 3112069
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hamajima, N.; Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466, Japan
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Does conception before marriage matter?
T2  - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
J2  - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol.
VL  - 94
IS  - 1
SP  - 38
EP  - 43
PY  - 1987
DO  - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1987.tb02250.x
SN  - 14700328 (ISSN) 
AU  - GOLDING, J.
AU  - ROBINSON, J.
AU  - HENRIQUES, J.
AU  - THOMAS, P.
AD  - Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
AB  - Summary. Data from the 1970 British Births survey were used to compare 1380 births conceived before marriage (women who were delivered less than 6 months after marriage) with 13845 births to women who had been married for at least 6 months before delivery. Infants in the premarital conception group were at increased risk because of maternal youth, primiparity and maternal health behaviour such as smoking. Once these factors had been taken into account there was no residual risk of perinatal death or low birthweight. There was a slight excess of preterm deliveries. Copyright © 1987, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
KW  - conception
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - female genital system
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - marriage
KW  - perinatal morbidity
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - premature labor
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Biology
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Body Weight
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Fetal Death--indications
KW  - Fetus
KW  - Gestational Age
KW  - Infant Mortality
KW  - Low Birth Weight--indications
KW  - Marital Status
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Nuptiality
KW  - Physiology
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy Outcomes
KW  - Premarital Pregnancy
KW  - Reproduction
KW  - Reproductive Behavior
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Studies
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Infant, Premature
KW  - Labor, Obstetric
KW  - Marriage
KW  - Maternal Age
KW  - Parity
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy Complications
KW  - Pregnancy in Adolescence
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Risk
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :4
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 3814554
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: GOLDING, J.; Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, St Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Hewlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1975) British Births 1970 Volume 1: The First Week of Life, , Heinemann, London; 
Chamberlain, G., Philipp, E., Hewlett, B., Masters, K., (1978) British Births 1970, Volume 2: Obstetric Care, , Heinemann, London; 
Golding, J., Henriques, J., Thomas, P., Unmarried at delivery: II Perinatal morbidity and mortality (1986) Early Hum Dev; 
Henriques, J., Golding, J., Thomas, P., Unmarried at delivery: I The mothers and their care (1986) Early Hum Dev; 
Illsley, R., (1968) New Fashions in Illegitimacy, , National Council for the Unmarried Mother and her Child, London; 
Newton, R.W., Hunt, L.P., Psychosocial stress in pregnancy and its relation to low birthweight (1984) Br Med J, 288, pp. 1191-1194; 
(1970) Classification of Occupations, , Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London; 
(1984) Social Trends 1984, Vol 14, , Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London; 
Peters, T.J., Golding, J., Butler, N.R., Fryer, J.G., Lawrence, C.J., Chamberlain, G.V.P., Plus ca change: predictors of birthweight in two national studies (1983) Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 90, pp. 1040-1045; 
Wimperis, J., (1960) The Unmarried Mother and Her Child, , George Allen and Unwin, London
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023143366&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.1987.tb02250.x&partnerID=40&md5=ae266669a5fe6e720050b6426a13505a
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prognosis in adult asthma: A national study
T2  - British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.)
J2  - Brit. Med. J.
VL  - 295
IS  - 6604
SP  - 949
EP  - 952
PY  - 1987
DO  - 10.1136/bmj.295.6604.949
SN  - 02670623 (ISSN) 
AU  - Markowe, H.L.J.
AU  - Bulpitt, C.J.
AU  - Shipley, M.J.
AU  - Rose, G.
AU  - Crombie, D.L.
AU  - Fleming, D.M.
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
AD  - Birmingham Research Unit, Royal College of General Practitioners, Birmingham B17 9DB, United Kingdom
AB  - Although one million people consult their general practitioners for asthma each year, data on the prognosis of this disease are scarce, particularly in adults. Mortality was studied among 2547 adult asthmatics attending a national sample of 60 general practices between 1970 and 1976; they were compared with a matched group of non-asthmatic patients. Mortality from all causes was significantly raised in the asthmatic cohort (189 deaths v 112 among controls; relative risk 1.61, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 2.0), especially in women (92 v 42 deaths; relative risk 2.2 (1.5 to 3,1)), and in the oldest age group (55-59 years). In both sexes the predominant cause of excess mortality was respiratory disease, particularly asthma (25 v 0 deaths) and chronic obstructive airways disease (37 v 4 deaths; relative risk 8.8 (2.8 to 23)). Overall, 94% of the asthmatic cohort survived the mean follow up period of eight years compared with 96% of the controls. In contrast to previous findings, the risk of death due to malignant neoplasms was not significantly reduced overall (34 v 36 deaths), though the risk was significantly reduced among those aged under 45 years (2 v 10 deaths; relative risk 0.2 (0.02 to 0.9)) and there was a significant trend of lowering of relative risk with younger age (p<0.01). © 1987, British Medical Journal Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
KW  - asthma
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - prognosis
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Asthma
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Lung Diseases, Obstructive
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Risk
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :53
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 3119122
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Markowe, H.L.J.; Alexander Fleming House, DHSS, Elephant and Castle, London SEI 6BY, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. (1986) Mortality statistics 1985., , London: Government Statistical Service, (Series DH2 86/2.); 
Fleming, D.M., Crombie, D.L., Prevalence of asthma and hay fever in England and Wales (1987) Br Med J, 294, pp. 279-283; 
Jackson, R.T., Beaglehole, R., Rea, H.H., Mortality from asthma: a new epidemic in New Zealand (1982) Br Med J, 285, pp. 771-774; 
Sly, R.M., Increases in deaths from asthma (1984) Ann Allergy, 53, pp. 20-25; 
Burney, P.G.J., Asthma mortality in England and Wales: evidence for a further increase, 1974-84 (1986) Lancet, 1, pp. 323-326; 
Markowe, H.L.J., Asthma mortality in England and Wales (1986) Lancet, 2, p. 636; 
Preston, T.W., Clarke, R.D., An investigation into the mortality of impaired lives during the period 1947-63 (1966) Journal of the Institute ofActuaries, 92, pp. 27-74; 
Ogilvie, A.G., Asthma: A study in prognosis of 1000 patients (1962) Thorax, 17, pp. 183-189; 
Pearson, R.S.B., Asthma-allergy and prognosis (1968) Proc R Soc Med, 61, pp. 467-470; 
Fry, J., (1966) Profiles of disease., , Edinburgh: Livingstone; 
Blair, H., Natural history of wheezing in childhood (1979) J R Soc Med, 72, pp. 42-48; 
AlderSon, M., Mortality from malignant disease in patients with asthma (1974) Lancet, 2, p. 1475; 
Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Royal College of General Practitioners, and Department of Health and Social Security. (1974) Morbidity statistics from general practice., , Second national study 1970–71. London: HMSO, (Studies on medical and population subjects No 26.); 
Morbidity statistics from general practice (1979) Second national study 1971–72., , London: HMSO, (Studies on medical and population subjects No 36.); 
World Health Organisation. (1977) Manual of the international statistical classification of diseases, injuries and causes of death: based on the recommendations of the ninth revision conference 1975., , Geneva: WHO; 
Berry, G., The analysis of mortality by the subject-years method (1983) Biometrics, 39, pp. 173-184; 
Baker, R.J., Nelder, J.A., (1978) The GLIM system, release 3., , Oxford: Numerical Algorithms Group; 
Robinette, C.D., Fraumeni, J.F., Asthma and subsequent mortality in World War II veterans (1978) J Chronic Dis, 31, pp. 619-624; 
Alderson, M., Loy, R.M., Mortality from respiratory disease at follow-up of patients with asthma (1977) Br J Dis Chest, 71, pp. 198-202; 
Barbee, R.A., Dodge, R., Lebowitz, M.L., Burrows, B., The epidemiology of asthma (1985) Chest, 87, pp. 21-58; 
Vena, J.E., Bona, J.R., Byers, T.E., Middleton, E., Swanson, M.K., Graham, S., Allergy-related diseases and cancer: an inverse association (1986) Am J Epidemiol, 124, pp. 1004-1041; 
Meers, P.D., Allergy and cancer (1973) Lancet, 1, pp. 884-885; 
Hughes, W.F., Raitz, R.L., A comparison of cancer occurrence in allergic and non-allergic populations (1979) Arm Allergy, 43, pp. 163-164; 
Higenbottam, T.W., Feyeraband, C., Clark, T.J.H., Cigarette smoking in asthma (1980) Br J Dis Chest, 74, pp. 279-284; 
Fatal asthma (1979) Lancet, 2, pp. 337-338; 
Eason, J., Markowe, H.L.J., A controlled investigation of asthma deaths occurring in hospitals in the North East Thames Region (1987) Br Med J, 294, p. 1255; 
Death from asthma in two regions of England (1982) Br Med J, 285, p. 1251; 
Stableforth, D., Death from asthma (editorial) (1983) Thorax, 38, pp. 801-805; 
Crompton, G.K., Grant, I.W.B., Bloomfield, P., Edinburgh Emergency Asthma Admission Service: report on 10 years' experience (1979) Br Med J, 2, p. 1199
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023614113&doi=10.1136%2fbmj.295.6604.949&partnerID=40&md5=cebfb5c1b6c7d97925e61e18936552a5
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Relationships of Age, Period, and Birth Cohort for Stomach Cancer Mortality in Japan
T2  - Japanese Journal of Limnology
J2  - Jpn. J. Limnol.
VL  - 48
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PY  - 1987
DO  - 10.3739/rikusui.48.Special_1
SN  - 00215104 (ISSN) 
AU  - Hamajima, N.
AU  - Lee, J.A.H.
AD  - Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466, Japan
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health Community Medicine, SC-36, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
AB  - The mortality data on stomach cancer in Japan during 1955 to 1980 were analyzed by the use of an age-period-cohort model. Although the model could not give a unique solution of age, period, and cohort parameters, several sets of estimates of the parameters clarified particular features of each effect. Within a plausible range, the features were as follows. The period parameter underwent linear change from 1965 to 1980 for males and from 1970 to 1980 for females. The cohort parameters decreased birth cohort by birth cohort, at least among those who were bom after 1891. The curve of the age parameter in females showed a shoulder around age 40 and a subsequent upward slope to age 80, while that in males was unimodal. The curve in females was compatible with the idea that there might be two different main entities in stomach cancer. The model also gave estimates of future trends in stomach cancer mortality under the assumption that there would be no additional change in period effect other than that expected from the recent quinquennia. The number of deaths from stomach cancer in males would be rather stable until 2000, and that in females would decline slightly. The age-adjusted and crude mortality rates would continue to decrease at least until 2000. © 1987, The Japanese Society of Limnology. All rights reserved.
KW  - Age-period-cohort model
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Stomach cancer
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - References: Kupper, L.L., Janis, J.M., Karmous, A., Greenberg, B.G., Statistical age-period-cohort analysis: a review and critique (1985) J. Chron. Dis., 38, pp. 811-830; 
Statistics and Information Department, Minister's Secretariat, Ministry of Health and Welfare (1955) Vital Statistics, , Japan; 
(1962) Vital Statistics 1960, , Japan; 
(1967) Vital Statistics 1965, , Japan; 
(1972) Vital Statistics 1970, , Japan; 
(1977) Vital Statistics 1975, , Japan; 
(1982) Vital Statistics 1980, , Japan; 
Institute of Population Problems. Estimates of future population in Japan (1984) Kosei no Shihyo, 31 (9), p. 407; 
Segi, M., Kurihara, M., (1966) Cancer mortality for selected sites in 24 countries, 4. , Department of Public Health, Tohoku University School of Medicine; 
Moorgavkar, S.H., Stevens, R.G., Lee, J.A.H., Effect of age on incidence of breast cancer in females (1979) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 62, pp. 493-501; 
Osmond, C., Gardner, M.J., Age, period, and cohort models applied to cancer mortality rates (1982) Stat. Med., 1, pp. 245-259; 
Stevens, R.G., Moolgavkar, S.H., A cohort analysis of lung cancer smoking in British males (1984) Am. J. Epidemiol., 119, pp. 624-641; 
Baker, R.J., Neider, J.A., (1978) “The GLIM System Release 3”, , Numerical Algorithm Group, Oxford; 
Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E., Indirect standardization and multiplicative models for rates, with reference to the age adjustment of cancer incidence and relative frequency data (1975) J. Chron. Dis., 28, pp. 289-303; 
Kuroishi, T., Tominaga, S., Hirose, K., Aoki, K., Segi, M., Cancer mortality in Japan (1981) Gann Monogr., 26, pp. 1-91; 
Higginson, J., Etiological factors in gastrointestinal cancer in man (1966) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 37, pp. 527-545; 
Wynder, E.L., Kmet, J., Dungal, N., Segi, M., An epidemiological investigation of gastric cancer (1963) Cancer, 16, pp. 1461-1496; 
Hirayama, T., Epidemiology of stomach cancer (1971) Gann Monogr., 11, pp. 3-19; 
Nomura, A., (1982) “Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention,”, pp. 624-637. , ed. D. Schottenfeld and J. F. Fraumeni, Jr. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia; 
Mirvish, S.S., The etiology of gastric cancer. Intragastric nitrosamide formation and other theories (1983) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 71, pp. 629-647; 
Howson, C.P., Hiyama, T., Wynder, E.L., The decline in gastric cancer: epidemiology of an unplanned triumph (1986) Epidemiol Rev., 8, pp. 1-27; 
Segi, M., Fukushima, I., Fujisaku, S., Kurihara, M., Saito, S., Asano, K., Kamoi, M., An epidemiological study on cancer in Japan. The report of the Committee for Epidemiological Study on Cancer, sponsored by the Ministry of Welfare and Public Health (1957) Gann, 48, pp. 1-63; 
Hamond, E.C., Smoking in relation to the death rates of one million men and women (1966) Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr., 19, pp. 127-204; 
Kahn, H.A., The Dorn study of smoking and mortality among U.S. veterans: report on eight and one-half years of observation (1966) Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr., 19, pp. 1-125; 
Haenszel, W., Kurihara, M., Segi, M., Lee, R.K.C., Stomach cancer among Japanese in Hawaii (1972) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 49, pp. 969-988; 
Haenszel, W., Kurihara, M., Locke, F.B., Shimuzu, K., Segi, M., Stomach cancer in Japan (1976) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 56, pp. 265-278; 
The Japan Monopoly Corporation (1967) The 18th annual statistics on the monopoly goods., , Tokyo (in Japanese); 
Joossens, J.V., Goboers, J., Nutrition and gastric cancer (1981) Nutr. Cancer, 2, pp. 250-261; 
Modan, B., Lubin, F., Barell, V., Greenberg, R.A., Modan, M., Graham, S., The role of starches in the etiology of gastric cancer (1974) Cancer, 34, pp. 2087-2092; 
Zaldivar, R., Wetterstrand, W.H., Nitrate nitrogen levels in drinking water of urban areas with high- and low-risk populations for stomach cancer: an environmental epidemiology study (1978) Z. Krebsforsch., 92, pp. 227-234; 
Buell, P., Dunn, J.E., Jr., Cancer mortality among Japanese Issei and Nisei of California (1965) Cancer, 18, pp. 656-664; 
Haenszel, W., Kurihara, M., Studies of Japanese migrants. I. Mortality from cancer and other diseases among Japanese in the United States (1968) J. Natl Cancer Inst., 40, pp. 43-68; 
Hirayama, T., Diet and cancer (1979) Nutr. Cancer, 1 (3), pp. 67-81; 
Willett, W.C., Polk, B.F., Underwood, B.F., Stampher, M.J., Pressel, S., Rosner, B., Taylor, J.O., Hames, C.G., Relation of serum vitamin A and E and carotenoids to the risk of cancer (1984) N. Engl. J. Med., 310, pp. 430-434; 
Stehr, P.A., Gloninger, M.F., Kuller, L.H., Marsh, G.M., Radford, E.P., Weinberg, G.B., Dietary vitamin A deficiencies and stomach cancer (1985) Am. J. Epidemiol., 121, pp. 65-70; 
Statistics Bureau of Prime Minister's Office (1950) Japan Statistical Yearbook, , Nihon Statistical Association, Tokyo; 
Health and Welfare Statistics Association. 8. School health (1984) Kosei no Shihyo, 31 (9), pp. 346-380. , (in Japanese); 
Statistics Bureau of Management and Coordination Agency (1985) Japan Statistical Yearbook, , Tokyo; 
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results: Incidence and mortality data (1981) Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr., 57, pp. 1973-1977; 
Holford, T.R., An alternative approach to statistical age-period-cohort analysis (1985) J. Ckron. Dis., 38, pp. 831-836; 
Juel, K., Demographic factors and cancer mortality. A mathematical model for cancer mortality in Denmark (1983) Int. J. Epidemiol, 12, pp. 1943-1978; 
Osmond, C., Gardner, M.J., Acheson, E.D., Adelstein, A.M., (1983) Trends in cancer mortality 1951-1980 analyses by period of birth and death., 11. , Series DH1 Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London; 
Munoz, N., Correa, P., Cuello, C., Duque, E., Histologic types of gastric carcinoma in high- and low-risk areas (1968) Int. J. Cancer, 3, pp. 809-818; 
Correa, P., Sasano, N., Stemmermann, G.N., Haenszel, W., Pathology of gastric carcinoma in Japanese populations: comparisons between Miyagi prefecture, Japan, and Hawaii (1973) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 51, pp. 1449-1459; 
Kubo, T., Geographical pathology of gastric carcinoma (1974) Acta Pathol. Jpn., 24, pp. 465-479; 
Hamajima, N., Aoki, K., Prediction of male lung cancer mortality in Japan based on birth cohort analysis (1984) Gann, 75, pp. 578-587; 
Gordon, T., Crittenden, M., Haenszel, W., Cancer mortality trends in United States, 1930-1955 (1961) Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr., 6, pp. 133-298
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85024252143&doi=10.3739%2frikusui.48.Special_1&partnerID=40&md5=a3ce0c9370cd0853bd120cb192a8f4a2
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Birth cohort analysis of suicide mortality in Belgium 1954–1981 by a graphic and a quantitative method
T2  - Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
J2  - Acta Psychiatr. Scand.
VL  - 76
IS  - 4
SP  - 450
EP  - 455
PY  - 1987
DO  - 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb05630.x
SN  - 0001690X (ISSN) 
AU  - Moens, G.F.G.
AU  - van Oortmarssen, G.J.
AU  - Honggokoesoemo, S.
AU  - van de Voorde, H.
AD  - School of Public Health, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
AD  - Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Erasmus University of Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
AB  - ABSTRACT: The effect of birth cohort upon the recent increase in Belgian suicide trends was analyzed by two techniques: a graphic display and an Age‐Period‐Cohort (APC) modelling procedure. Both suggest an analogous pattern: suicide mortality steadily increased within successive male cohorts born after 1920 and within female cohorts born even before 1900. Between 1970 and 1980, period related factors seem to have operated independently. Every technique of cohort analysis however has important interpretational limitations because of the variable interplay between age period and cohort factors. As a consequence, explanations remain very tentative. Notwithstanding its rather poor etiological power in suicide epidemiology, cohort analysis is very useful in the more accurate description and prediction of suicide trends. Copyright © 1987, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
KW  - Belgium
KW  - birth cohort analysis
KW  - suicide
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - Belgium
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - human
KW  - sociology
KW  - suicide
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Belgium
KW  - Epidemiologic Methods
KW  - Human
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Social Change
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Suicide
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :15
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 3425372
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Moens, G.F.G.; School of Public Health, Catholic University of Leuven, V. Decosterstraat 102, Leuven, B 3000, Belgium
N1  - References: (1982) Changing patterns in suicide behaviour, , European Reports and Studies 74, Copenhagen:, Regional Office for Europe WHO; 
La Vecchia, C., Bollini, P., Imazio, C., Decarli, A., Age, period of death and birth cohort effects on suicide mortality in Italy: 1955–1979 (1986) Acta psychiatr scand, 74, pp. 137-143; 
McClure, G.M.G., Trends in suicide rate for England and Wales 1975–1980 (1984) Br J Psychiatry, 144, pp. 119-126; 
McClure, G.M.G., Trends in suicide amongst the young (1984) Br J Psychiatry, 144, pp. 134-138; 
MacMahon, B., Pugh, T.F., (1970) Epidemiology: Principles and methods, pp. 184-198. , Boston:, Little Brown Co; 
Kleinbaum, D.G., Kupper, L.L., Morgenstern, H., (1982) Epidemiologic research: Principles and quantitative methods, pp. 130-134. , Belmont:, Lifetime Learning Publ; 
Solomon, M.I., Hellon, C.P., Suicide and age in Alberta, Canada 1951 to 1977 (1980) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 37, pp. 511-513; 
Murphy, G.E., Wetzel, R.D., Suicide risk by birth cohort in the United States, 1949 to 1974 (1980) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 37, pp. 519-523; 
Goldney, R.D., Katsikitis, M., Cohort analysis of suicide rates in Australia (1983) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 40, pp. 71-74; 
Haefner, H., Schmidtke, A., Do cohort effects influence suicide rates (letter) (1985) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 42 (985); 
Moens, G.F.G., Honggokoesoemo, S., van de Voorde, H., Birth cohort related factors in suicide mortality: Belgium 1955–1980 Arch Gen Psychiatry; 
Gardner, M.J., Osmond, C., Interpretation of time trends in disease rates in the presence of generation effects (1984) Stat Med, 3, pp. 113-130; 
Kupper, L.L., Janis, J.M., Karmous, A., Greenberg, B.G., Statistical age‐period‐cohort analysis: A review and critique (1985) J Chron Dis, 38, pp. 811-830; 
Gardner, M.J., Osmond, C., Interpretation of disease time trends: Is cancer on the increase? A simple cohort technique and its relation to more advanced models (1983) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 37, pp. 274-278; 
Moens, G.F.G., The rise of suicide mortality in Belgium between 1968–1972 and 1978–1981: Age, sex and geographical characteristics (1984) Int J Epidemiology, 13, pp. 243-245; 
Moens, G.F.G., The reliabililty of reported suicide mortality statistics: An experience from Belgium (1985) Int J Epidemiology, 14, pp. 272-275; 
Osmond, C., Using age, period and cohort models to estimate future mortality rates (1985) Int J Epidemiology, 14, pp. 124-129
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Silastic implant as a part of temporomandibular joint arthroplasty. Evaluation of its efficacy
T2  - British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
J2  - Br. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg.
VL  - 25
IS  - 3
SP  - 227
EP  - 236
PY  - 1987
DO  - 10.1016/S0266-4356(87)80023-2
SN  - 02664356 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kalamchi, S.
AU  - Walker, R.V.
AD  - Department of Oral Surgery, UTHSCD, Dallas, TX 75235, United States
AB  - A study was made of 68 patients who had undergone an intra-articular temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroplasty, using silastic implants as a part of the procedure, between 1970 and 1985. The use of silastic as a part of the arthroplasty was made when the disc was non-salvable because of perforation or destroyed because of ankylosis or previous surgery. At surgery, all patients had upper and lower arch bars fixed to their teeth by wiring in order to facilitate post-operative nocturnal elastic intermaxillary fixation of the teeth in occlusion as a part of a 3-month period of follow-up physiotherapy. Both surgery and the follow-up physiotherapy were considered of equal importance in the management of these patients. The study showed that 63 of 68 patients were relieved of their pre-operative signs and symptoms by the surgery and follow-up physiotherapy. These 63 patients have had no recurrence of their problem. © 1987 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.
KW  - silastic
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - joint prosthesis
KW  - male
KW  - osteoarthritis
KW  - physiotherapy
KW  - prosthesis
KW  - temporomandibular joint disorder
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Joint Prosthesis
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Osteoarthritis
KW  - Physical Therapy Techniques
KW  - Prosthesis Design
KW  - Silicone Elastomers
KW  - Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
N1  - Cited By :20
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJOSE
C2  - 3474020
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kalamchi, S.; Department of Oral Surgery, UTHSCD, Dallas, TX 75235, United States
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: silastic, 63394-02-5; Silicone Elastomers
N1  - References: Barton, On the treatment of anchylosis by the formation of artificial joints (1826) North American Medical and Surgical Journal, 3, p. 279; 
Esmarch, (1860) Behandling der Narbigen Kieferklemmer durch Bildung eines Kunstlichen Gelenkes im Unterkiefer, , Schwers, Kiel; 
Gallagher, Wolford, Comparison of silastic and proplast implant in the temporomandibular joint after condylectomy for osteoarthritis (1982) Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 40, p. 627; 
Kent, Misiek, Akin, Hinds, Homsy, Temporomandibular joint condylar prosthesis: a ten year report (1983) Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 41, p. 248; 
Kreutziger, Mahan, Temporomandibular degenerative joint disease: diagnostic procedure and comprehensive management (1975) Journal of Oral Surgery, 40, p. 297; 
Silver, Motamed, Carlotti, Temporomandibular joint with the use of vitallium condylar prosthesis. Report of three cases (1977) Journal of Oral Surgery, 35, p. 909; 
Ward, Surgery of the temporomandibular joint (1961) Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons, 28, p. 139
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Ocular morbidity after radiotherapy of orbital and conjunctival lymphoma
T2  - Eye (Basingstoke)
J2  - Eye
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
SP  - 90
EP  - 96
PY  - 1987
DO  - 10.1038/eye.1987.14
SN  - 0950222X (ISSN) 
AU  - Bessell, E.M.
AU  - Henk, J.M.
AU  - Whitelocke, R.A.F.
AU  - Wright, J.E.
AD  - Ophthalmic Clinic, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, SW3, United Kingdom
AD  - Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, EC1, United Kingdom
AB  - One hundred and fifteen patients were treated for lymphoma of the conjunctiva and orbit between 1970 and 1984. One hundred and twelve patients received radiotherapy to the orbit, of whom 73 (65 per cent) had at least one year of follow-up by an ophthalmic surgeon. Patients with low-grade lymphomas (97) mostly received 30 Gy in 15 fractions to the orbit over a period of 3 weeks. Those with high-grade lymphomas (18) mostly received 40 Gy in 20 fractions over 4 weeks. Most were treated using anterior and lateral radiation fields to the orbit with shielding of the cornea and lens. This technique delivered a mean lens dose of 15 Gy.The early and late ocular and orbital morbidity in these patients was low. Eight radiation-induced cataracts developed of which only six interfered with vision. None has needed cataract surgery. No patients developed radiation retinopathy and only 5 had disorders of ocular lubrication. © 1987, The Ophthalmological Society of the United Kingdom. All rights reserved.
KW  - bone
KW  - conjunctiva tumor
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - etiology
KW  - human
KW  - injury
KW  - lacrimation
KW  - lymphoma
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - morbidity
KW  - orbit tumor
KW  - radiation cataract
KW  - radiotherapy
KW  - therapy
KW  - visual system
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Cataract
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Conjunctival Neoplasms
KW  - Corneal Ulcer
KW  - Eye Diseases
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Orbital Neoplasms
KW  - Radiotherapy
N1  - Cited By :75
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 3556665
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Whitelocke, R.A.F.; Ophthalmic Clinic, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, SW3, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Merriam, G.R., Jr., Focht, E.F., A clinical study of radiation cataracts and the relationship to dose (1957) Am. J. Roentgen., 77, pp. 759-785; 
Merriam, G.R., Jr., Worgul, B.V., Experimental radiation cataract—its clinical relevance (1983) Bull. N. Y. Acad. Med., 59, pp. 372-392; 
Egbert, P.R., Donaldson, S.S., Moazed, K., Rosenthal, A.R., Visual results and ocular complications following radiotherapy for retinoblastoma (1978) Arch. Ophthalmol., 96, pp. 1826-1830; 
Parsons, J.T., Fitzgerald, C.R., Hood, C.I., Ellingwood, K.E., Bova, F.J., Million, R.R., The effects of irradiation on the eye and optic nerve (1983) Int. J. Radiat. Oncal. Biol. Phys., 9, pp. 609-622; 
Chan, R.C., Shukovsky, U., Effects of irradiation on the eye (1976) Radiology, 120, pp. 673-675; 
Carbone, P.P., Kaplan, H.S., Musshoff, K., Smithers, D.W., Tubiana, M., Report of the committee on Hodgkin’s disease staging classification (1971) Cancer Res, 31, pp. 1860-1861; 
Morgan, G., Harry, J., Lymphocytic tumours of indeterminate nature: A 5-year follow-up of 98 conjunctival and orbital lesions (1978) Br. J. Ophthalmol., 62, pp. 381-383; 
Bessell, E.M., Henk, J.M., Whitelocke, R., Wright, J.E., Primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the orbit (1987) Radiotherapy and Oncology, , (submitted); 
Deeg, H.J., Flournoy, N., Sullivan, K.M., Sheehan, K., Buckner, C.D., Sanders, J.E., Storb, R., Thomas, E.D., Cataracts after total body irradiation and marrow transplantation: A sparing effect of dose fractionation (1984) Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys., 10, pp. 957-964; 
Roth, J., Brown, N., Catterall, M., Beal, A., Effects of fast neutrons on the eye (1976) Br. J. Ophthalmol., 60, pp. 236-244; 
Hayreh, S.S., Post-radiation retinopathy—a fluorescein fundus angiographic study (1970) Br. J. Ophthalmol., 54, pp. 705-714
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Methylene chloride mortality study: Dose-response characterization and animal model comparison
T2  - Journal of Occupational Medicine
J2  - J. Occup. Med.
VL  - 29
IS  - 3
SP  - 217
EP  - 228
PY  - 1987
SN  - 00961736 (ISSN) 
AU  - Heame, F.T.
AU  - Grose, F.
AU  - Pifer, J.W.
AU  - Friedlander, B.R.
AU  - Raleigh, R.L.
AD  - Epidemiology and Industrial Hygiene sections, Health and Environment Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company, Bldg 320, Kodak Park, Rochester, NY, 14650, United States
AB  - To assess the potential chronic health effects of methylene chloride, the mortality experience of a maturing 1964 to 1970 cohort of 1,013 hourly men was evaluated through 1984. On average, employees were exposed at a rate of 26 ppm (eight-hour time-weighted average) for 22 years; median latency was 30 years. Compared with the general population, no statistically significant excesses were observed for such hypothesized causes as lung cancer (14 observed v 21.0 expected), liver cancer (O v 0.8), and ischemic heart disease (69 v 98.1); dose-response relationships based on career methylene chloride exposure and latency were not demonstrated. Among nonhypothesized causes, a significant deficit was reported for total deaths (176 v 253.2). None of the industrial referent comparisons achieved statistical significance. Sufficient power was available to detect relative risks of 1.6 for lung malignancy and 1.3 for ischemic heart disease. In contrast, there was inadequate power to identify meaningful risk levels for hepatic cancer. With 14 combined lung and liver cancer deaths observed v 36.3 predicted (P <.0001), the mortality estimate projected from a mathematical model derived from an animal bioassay substantially overestimated cancer mortality for these sites. This inconsistency emphasizes the need to incorporate epidemiologic evidence in assessing the human health risks associated with long-term exposure to this widely used solvent. © 1987 The American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.
KW  - dichloromethane
KW  - solvent
KW  - animal model
KW  - dose response
KW  - drug response
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - health hazard
KW  - heart
KW  - human
KW  - intoxication
KW  - liver
KW  - long term exposure
KW  - mortality
KW  - occupational cancer
KW  - pharmacokinetics
KW  - priority journal
KW  - respiratory system
KW  - Air Pollutants, Occupational
KW  - Animals
KW  - Coronary Disease
KW  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
KW  - Humans
KW  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated
KW  - Liver Neoplasms
KW  - Lung Neoplasms
KW  - Male
KW  - Methylene Chloride
KW  - New York
KW  - Occupational Diseases
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Risk
KW  - Seasons
N1  - Cited By :51
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 3559766
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Heame, F.T.; Epidemiology and Industrial Hygiene sections, Health and Environment Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company, Bldg 320, Kodak Park, Rochester, NY, 14650, United States
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: dichloromethane, 75-09-2; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; Methylene Chloride, 75-09-2
N1  - References: (1986) NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Dichloromethane in F344/N Rats and B6C3F, Mice (Inhalation Studies), , National Toxicology Program. US Dept of Health and Human Services, NIH publication No. 86-2562, NTP-TR 306; 
Burek, J.D., Nitschke, K.D., Bell, T.J., Methylene chloride: A two-year inhalation toxicity and oncogenicity study in rats and hamsters (1984) Fun dam Appl Toxicol, 4, pp. 30-47; 
Friedlander, B.R., Hearne, T., Hall, S., Epidemiologic investigation of employees chronically exposed to methylene chloride: Mortality analysis (1978) J Occup Med, 20, pp. 657-666; 
Hearne, F.T., Friedlander, B.R., Follow-up of methylene chloride study (letter) (1981) J Occup Med, 23, p. 660; 
Ott, M.G., Skory, L.K., Holder, B.B., Health evaluation of employees occupationally exposed to methylene chloride: Mortality (1983) Scond J Work Environ Health, 9, pp. 8-16; 
(1967) Manual of the International Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, , Eighth Rev, Geneva, World Health Organization; 
(1977) Manual of the International Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, Ninth Rev, , Geneva, World Health Organization; 
Webster, W.S., Clarkson, T.B., Lolland, H.B., Carbon monoxide- aggravated atherosclerosis in the squirrel monkey (1970) Exp Mol Pathol, 13, pp. 36-50; 
(1969) American National Standard Acceptable Concentrations of Methylene Chloride (Dichloro Methane), ANSI Z37, , 23-1969. American National Standards Institute Inc, New York; 
(1971) US Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910.1000, , Table Z-2; 
(1986) Occupational exposure to methylene chloride; Advanced notice of proposed rulemaking, 51 (Nov 24), pp. 42257-42266. , Federal Register; 
Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in the Workroom Environment with Intended Changes for 1981 (1981) Cincinnati, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 22p; 
Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices for 1986-1987 (1986) Cincinnati, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 36p; 
Schaffer, A.W., Hoyle, H.R., Nine years experience with the Davis Halide Meter (1961) Am Ind Hyg Assoc J, 22, pp. 93-96; 
Stockton, S.D., Underhill, D.W., Field evaluation of passive organic vapor samplers (1985) Am Ind Hyg Assoc J, 46, pp. 526-531; 
Local Climatological Data, Monthly Summaries, Rochester, , New York. National Climatic Data Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Dept of Commerce, Washington, DC. 1945-1986; 
DiVincenzo, G.D., Kaplan, C.J., Uptake, metabolism and elimination of methylene chloride vapor by humans (1981) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 59, pp. 130-140; 
Rao, C.R., (1965) Linear Statistical Inference and Its Application, , New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 
Breslow, N.E., Lubin, J.H., Marek, P., Multiplicative models and cohort anlaysis (1983) J Am Stat Assoc, 78, pp. 1-12; 
(1985) Addendum to the Health Assessment Document for Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride), , Final Report. US Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-600/8-82-004FF. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment; 
(1984) Health, United States, 1983. National Center for Health Statistics, , Dept of Health and Human Services publication No. (PHS) 84-1232. Government Printing Office; 
Cole, P., Goldman, M.B., Occupation (1975) Persons at High Risk of Cancer, pp. 167-184. , Fraumeni JF Jr (ed). New York, Academic Press Inc; 
Tomatis, L., Agthe, C., Bartsch, H., Evaluation of the carcinogenicity of chemicals: A review of the monograph program of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (1971 to 1977) (1978) Cancer Res, 38, pp. 877-885; 
Mack, T.M., Pancreas, in Schottenfeld D (1982) Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, pp. 638-667. , Fraumeni JF Jr (eds). Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co; 
(1979) IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans: Some Halogenated Hydrocarbons, 20, pp. 429-448. , International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; 
NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of 1,2-Dicbloropropane in F344/N Rats and B6C3F<inf>t</inf> Mice (Gavage Studies) (1986) National Toxicology Program, , US Dept of Health and Human Services, NIH Publication No. 86-2519. NTP-TR 263; 
Checkoway, H., Methods of treatment of exposure data in occupational epidemiology (1986) Med Lav, 77, pp. 48-73; 
Atherley, G., A critical review of time-weighted average as an index of exposure and dose, and of its key elements (1985) Am Ind Hyg Assoc J, 46, pp. 481-487; 
Green, T., (1986) Mechanisms of methylene chloride toxicity in various species, , Read before the Winter Toxicology Forum, Washington DC, Feb 18; 
Guess, H.A., Crump, K.S., Low-dose-rate extrapolation of data from animal carcinogenicity experiments: Analysis of a new statistical technique (1976) Math Biosci, 32, pp. 15-36
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The mortality in an age cohort followed from birth to age 70
T2  - Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care
J2  - Scand. J. Prim. Health Care
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
SP  - 54
EP  - 59
PY  - 1987
DO  - 10.3109/02813438709024188
SN  - 02813432 (ISSN) 
AU  - Rudin, R.
AU  - Eriksson, H.
AU  - Ohlson, L.-O.
AU  - Larsson, B.
AU  - Welin, L.
AU  - Tibblin, G.
AU  - Hallen, O.
AU  - Svärdsudd, K.
AD  - Department of ENT Diseases, Gothenburg University, Sahlgren's Hospital, University of Uppsala, Sweden
AD  - Section of Preventive Medicine, Sahlgren's Hospital and Östra Hospital, University of Uppsala, Sweden
AD  - Department of Family Medicine, University of Uppsala, Sweden
AB  - The Study of Men Born in 1913 is a prospective population study of cardiovascular diseases in Gothenburg, Sweden, that started in 1963. To describe survival curves and mortality pattern, all boy-children born alive in 1913 in the city of Gothenburg, were identified. This birth cohort was followed from birth to age 70 for residence, vital status and cause of death. At the age of 50 years, 25% of the birth cohort were dead and at age 70, 43% had died. The high infant mortality and the great impact of infectious diseases in the beginning of this century is illustrated. The death rate for the cohort was almost identical to national figures for men in the same age group. Men who migrated from Gothenburg had a death rate very similar to those who stayed. It can therefore be concluded that the men in the Study of Men Born in 1913 is a representative sample not only of men in Gothenburg but also of men in Sweden as far as mortality is concerned. Special attention was paid to death from otitis media complications, congestive heart failure, and diabetes. Few persons died from these diseases before age 50 when the prospective study started and therefore did not influence the study of the natural history for these conditions to any great extent. Otitis media infections might be studied retrospectively from this age. © 1987 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Cohort
KW  - Congestive heart failure
KW  - Diabetes mellitus
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Migration
KW  - Mortality pattern
KW  - Otitis media
KW  - Survival curves
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - auditory system
KW  - child
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - diabetes mellitus
KW  - endocrine system
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - ethnic or racial aspects
KW  - fatality
KW  - follow up
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - heart
KW  - heart disease
KW  - human
KW  - methodology
KW  - migration
KW  - mortality
KW  - otitis media
KW  - short survey
KW  - sweden
KW  - Causes Of Death
KW  - Cohort Analysis
KW  - Communicable Diseases
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Diseases
KW  - Europe
KW  - Follow-up Studies
KW  - Geographic Factors
KW  - Infant Mortality
KW  - Infections
KW  - Longterm Effects
KW  - Mortality--men
KW  - Northern Europe
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Population Statistics
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Residence Characteristics
KW  - Scandinavia
KW  - Spatial Distribution
KW  - Sweden
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Vital Statistics
KW  - Aged
KW  - Cardiovascular Diseases
KW  - Diabetes Mellitus
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Otitis Media
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Sweden
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SJPCD
C2  - 3589236
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Svärdsudd, K.; Section for Preventive Medicine, Östra Hospital, S-41685, Gothenburg, Sweden
N1  - References: Fuller, J.H., Elford, J., Goldblatt, P., Adelstein, A.M., Diabetes mortality: new light on a underestimated public health problem (1983) Diabetologia, 24, pp. 336-341; 
Tibblin, G., High blood pressure in men aged 50. A population study of men born in 1913 (1967) Acta Med Scand; 
Tibblin, G., Wilhelmsen, L., Werkö, L., Risk factors for myocardial infarction and death due to ischemic heart disease and other causes (1975) Am J Cardiol, 35, pp. 514-522; 
Wilhelmsen, L., Svärdsudd, K., Korsan-Bengtsen, K., Larsson, B., Welin, L., Tibblin, G., Fibrinogen as a risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction (1984) N Engl J Med, 311, pp. 501-505; 
Rudin, R., Svärdsudd, K., Tibblin, G., Hallen, O., Middle ear disease in samples from the general population. Prevalence and incidence of otitis media and its sequelae. The Study of Men Born in 1913 and 1923 (1983) Acta Otolaryngol, 96, pp. 237-246; 
Ohlson, L.-O., Larsson, B., Svärdsudd, K., Welin, L., Eriksson, H., Wilhelmsen, L., Björntorp, P., Tibblin, G., The influence of body fat distribution on the incidence of diabetes mellitus. 13.5 years of follow-up of the participants in the Study of Men Born in 1913 (1985) Diabetes, 34, pp. 1055-1058; 
Vedin, J.A., Wilhelmsson, C., Eriksson, H., Svärdsudd, K., Epidemiology. In: Vasodilators in congestive heart failure (1980) Acta Med Scand, pp. 13-20; 
(1982) Statistical yearbook of Gothenburg 1982, , office of Statistics Gothenburg; 
Bradley, J.V., (1968) Distribution-free statistical tests, pp. 68-86. , Prentice-Hall London; 
Vedin, J.A., Wilhelmsson, C.E., Bolander, A.-M., Werkö, L., Mortality trends in Sweden 1951–1968 with special reference to cardiovascular causes of death (1971) Acta Med Scand; 
Bolander, A.-M., A study of cohort mortality in the past hundred years (1970) Cohort mortality of Sweden. Three studies describing past, present, and future trends in mortality, , Statistical Reports, National Central Bureau of Statistics Stockholm; 
Welin, L., Family study on ischaemic heart disease and its risk factors (1978) The Study of Men Born in 1913 and 1923, , University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Thesis; 
Fries, J.F., Aging, natural death, and the compression of morbidity (1980) N Engl J Med, 303, pp. 130-135; 
Schneider, E.L., Brody, J.A., Aging, natural death, and the compression of morbidity: another view (1983) N Engl J Med, 309, pp. 854-856; 
Svanborg, A., 70-year-old people in Göteborg. A population study in an industrialized Swedish city. II. General presentation of social and medical conditions (1977) Acta Med Scand; 
Svanborg, A., Landahl, S., Mellström, D., Basic issues of health care (1982) New perspectives on old age, , Eds. H. Thomae, GL Maddox Springer, Publishing Company New York
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The epidemiology of childhood eczema: I. A population based study of associations
T2  - Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology
J2  - Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol.
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
SP  - 67
EP  - 79
PY  - 1987
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1987.tb00091.x
SN  - 02695022 (ISSN) 
AU  - Golding, J.
AU  - Peters, T.J.
AD  - Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, Department of Medical Computing and Statistics, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
AB  - Summary. Information on whether they thought their child had ever had eczema was obtained from the mothers of 12 555 children in a national cohort of five‐year‐olds born in 1970. This question was part of a multiple battery of questions concerning the medical, social, environmental and behavioural background of the child. These data were linked to the information that had been collected on the cohort at birth, and a profile of characteristics of the children with reported eczema was produced. A large proportion (46/135) of associations were statistically significant at the 1% level. The major associations were with socio‐economic indicators and characteristics of parental health behaviour, with the most advantaged socio‐economic groups and those with more positive health behaviour having increased rates of reported eczema. The patterns of associations form an interesting profile of the backgrounds of children reported to have had eczema. Identification of these factors was necessary before more advanced statistical techniques were employed to investigate which of these variables predominate when they are considered simultaneously, and to generate hypotheses as to which factors may be causally associated with the disorder. Copyright © 1987, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - economic aspect
KW  - eczema
KW  - education
KW  - environmental sanitation
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - life event
KW  - male
KW  - methodology
KW  - parental behavior
KW  - preschool child
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - short survey
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Eczema
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Health Behavior
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Parents
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Social Class
N1  - Cited By :38
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 3506192
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Golding, J.; Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, St. Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Taylor, B., Wadsworth, J., Wadsworth, M., Peckham, C., Changes in the reported prevalence of childhood eczema since the 1939–45 war (1984) Lancet, 2, pp. 1255-1257; 
Davie, R., Butler, N.R., Goldstein, H., (1972) From Birth to Seven: A Report of the National Child Development Study, , London:, Longman; 
Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, L.J., Shannon, F.T., Risk factors in childhood eczema (1982) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 36, pp. 118-122; 
Davis, L.R., Marten, R.H., Sarkany, I., Atopic eczema in European and negro West Indian infants in London (1961) British Journal of Dermatology, 73, pp. 410-414; 
Kramer, M.S., Moroz, B., Do breast‐feeding and delayed introduction of solid foods protect against subsequent atopic eczema (1981) J. Pediatr., 98, pp. 546-550; 
Worth, R.M., Atopic dermatitis among Chinese infants in Honolulu and San Francisco (1962) Hawaii Med. J., 22, pp. 31-34; 
Rowntree, S., Cogswell, J.J., Platts‐Mills, T.A.E., Development of IgE and IgG antibodies to food and inhalant allergens in children at risk of allergic disease (1985) Arch. Dis. Child., 60, pp. 727-735; 
Fergusson, D.M., Horwood, D.M., Beautrais, A.L., Eczema and infant diet (1980) Clin. Allergy, 11, pp. 325-331; 
Wilson, G.F., Asthma in school children (1958) The Journal of the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, 78, pp. 274-284; 
Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1975) British Births 1970: Vol. 1: The First Week of Life, , London:, Heinemann Medical Books; 
Chamberlain, G., Philipp, E., Howlett, B., Masters, K., (1978) British Births 1970: Vol. 2: Obstetric Care, , London:, Heinemann Medical Books; 
Butler, N.R., Golding, J., (1986) From Birth to Five: A Study of the Health and Behaviour of Britain's Five Year Olds, , Oxford:, Pergamon Press; 
Osborn, A.F., Butler, N.R., Morris, A.C., (1984) The Social Life of Britain's Five‐Year‐Olds, , London:, Routledge & Kegan Paul; 
(1966) Classification of Occupations, , London:, HMSO; 
Brown, G.W., Harris, T.O., (1978) Social Origins of Depression: A Study of Psychiatric Disorder in Women, , London:, Tavistock Publications; 
Smith, J.M., Incidence of atopic disease (1974) Med. Clin. North Am., 58, pp. 3-24
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Patients with addictive disorders needing extensive psychiatric care
T2  - Nordic Journal of Psychiatry
J2  - Nord. J. Psychiatry
VL  - 41
IS  - 3
SP  - 191
EP  - 195
PY  - 1987
DO  - 10.3109/08039488709103175
SN  - 08039488 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kastrup, M.
AD  - Res.læge, Lic.med. Marianne Kastrup, Institutt for almen medicin, Københavns Universitet, Juliane Maries Vej 18, DK-2100, København ø, Denmark
AB  - A nationwide cohort was followed in the Danish psychiatric case register comprising all patients admitted for the first time to a Danish psychiatric institution during the period April 1, 1970 to March 31, 1971. 16.9% of males and 4.4% of females were first-time diagnosed as having a problem of abuse. Abuse was a problem primarily in young males and in large cities. 24.1% of males and 14.7% of females with abuse became revolving-door patients, while 2.6% and 2.88% respectively became long-stay patients. A total of 23.5% of patients with abuse became extensive users of care. The uses and limitations of a case register in delineating such target groups are discussed. © 1987 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Abuse
KW  - Case register
KW  - Mental health service
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: NJPYE
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kastrup, M.; Res.læge, Lic.med. Marianne Kastrup, Institutt for almen medicin, Københavns Universitet, Juliane Maries Vej 18, DK-2100, København ø, Denmark
N1  - References: Munk-Jørgensen, P., Jepsen, P.W., Psykiatrisk misbrugsforskning i Danmark 1983–1984 (1986) Nord Psykiatr Tidsskr, 40, pp. 55-59; 
Annual statistics, Institute of Psychiatric Demography, Psychiatric Hospital Risskov ; Zierau, F., Eplov, L., Jepsen, P.W., Kastrup, M., Kijne, B., Poulsen, D.L., Rasmussen, S., Bech, P., Multiaksial diagnostik i forbindelse med psykiatrisk tilsynsvirksomhed (1986) Ugeskr Læger, 148, pp. 915-918; 
Vilstrup, H., Nielsen, P.E., Alkoholforbrugets fordeling i den danske befolkning i 1979 (1981) Ugeskr Læger, 143, pp. 1042-1047; 
Rosenberg, R., Stofmisbrug (1985) Psykiatri, en tekstbog, , Eds. J Welner, N Reisby, V Lunn, O J Rafaelsen, F Schulsinger FADLs Forlag København; 
Dupont, A., A national psychiatric case register as a tool for mental health planning, research and administration: The Danish model (1983) Information support to mental health programs, , Ed. E M Laska, Human Sciences Press New York; 
Kastrup, M., Who became revolving door patients? Findings from a nationwide cohort of firsttime admitted psychiatric patients (1987) Acta Psychiatr Scand., , in press; 
Kastrup, M., Prediction and profile of the longstay population (1987) Acta Psychiatr Scand., , in press; 
Woogh, C.M., A cohort through the revolving door (1986) Can J Psychiatry, 31, pp. 214-221; 
Bille, M., Kastrup, M., Kyneb, P., Patienter i koholambulatorium (1978) Ugeskr Læger, 140, pp. 2951-2953; 
Munk-Jørgensen, P., Kaldau, R., Sammenligning af sociale forhold for et førstegangsklientel ved to århusianske alkoholambulatorier (1984) Nord Psykiatr Tidsskr, 38, pp. 393-400; 
Siegel, C., Alexander, M.J., Lin, S., Severe alcoholism in the mental health sector II (1984) J Stud Alcohol, 45, pp. 510-516; 
Kastrup, M., Bille, M., Dupont, A., Weeke, A., Den psykiatriske funktion i et geografisk afgrænset område I (1984) Ugeskr Læger, 146, pp. 213-218; 
May, P., Problems in design and conduct of mental health program evaluation (1984) Evaluation of mental health services programs, , Eds. B Cronholm, L von Knorring MFR Stockholm
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907130590&doi=10.3109%2f08039488709103175&partnerID=40&md5=e8948c37bb587dc0d8846ea65664d6f5
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A model for the evaluation of statewide substance abuse prevention programs
T2  - Substance Use and Misuse
J2  - Subst. Use Misuse
VL  - 22
IS  - 10
SP  - 917
EP  - 925
PY  - 1987
DO  - 10.3109/10826088709109689
SN  - 10826084 (ISSN) 
AU  - Anderson, R.B.
AU  - Maypole, D.E.
AU  - Bsw, K.N.-H.
AD  - Department of Social Work, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA, 50614, United States
AD  - Department of Social Work, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN, 55812, United States
AD  - Northeast Council on Substance Abuse, Waterloo, IA, 50701, United States
AB  - A recently completed study of the existing substance abuse prevention programs in Iowa is discussed. Content analyses were made of three sets of material: the prevention grants made to (1) community agencies and (2) community/parents' groups which were funded by the Iowa Department Substance Abuse, and (3) state agency documents. The findings revealed that there were articulation problems between the agencies and that the projects were vaguely conceived and evaluated. Although the federal Community Mental Health Centers Acts of 1963-1965 and the "Hughes Act" of 1970, and various states, have provided funding for substance abuse prevention programs, the overall effectiveness and efficiency of statewide prevention programs have received little attention in publications. A computerized literature search failed to find any evaluations of an overall statewide system. A number of states-for example, California (California State Plan, 1972) and South Carolina (Twentieth Annual Report, 1976)-have advocated the development of "model" prevention delivery systems, but followup evaluations of the "models" were not apparent. Programs in schools have been evaluated frequently (Kinder, Pape, and Walfish, 1980). However, except for Horman (1975), little has been published on the management of statewide substance abuse programs. Certainly, within the context of the present conservative political trend and federal-level budget problems, the need for statewide system level evaluations will increase. This paper describes a study which examined the prevention delivery system in one U.S. state - Iowa. The project studied the Iowa Department of Substance Abuse (IDSA), the Department of Public Instruction (DPI), the district Area Education Agencies (AEA), and the 29 community agencies which received IDSA prevention grants in 1983. Also included are the 21 parent/community groups subsidized by the Iowa Department of Substance Abuse in 1981. First, the prevention delivery system is discussed; and the study methodology, findings, and recommendations then follow. © 1987 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - alcoholism
KW  - drug abuse
KW  - evaluation and follow up
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - intoxication
KW  - organization and management
KW  - prevention
KW  - public health
KW  - social aspect
KW  - United States
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :3
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SUMIF
C2  - 3692633
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Anderson, R.B.; Department of Social Work, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA, 50614, United States
N1  - References: (1972) California State Plan for Comprehensive Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation, , Human Relations Agency, Office of Alcoholism, Sacramento, CA; 
Chap. 14, Code of Iowa, All Statutes of a General and Permanent Nature (1982) Acts of the 69th General Assembly, 1, p. 735; 
Horman, R.E., Management of a state drug and alcohol program (1975) Developments in the Field of Drug Abuse, , In E. Senay, V. Shorty (eds.) Schenkman Publishing, Cambridge, MA; 
Kinder, B.N., Pape, N.E., Walfish, S., Drug and alcohol education programs: A review of outcome studies (1980) Int. J. Addict., 15 (7), pp. 1035-1054; 
Preston, J., (1984) Health education consultant, , Area Education Agency VII, Waterloo, IA February 22 Personal interview; 
(1976), Twentieth Annual Report of the South Carolina Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse—Fiscal Year July 1, 1975-76. South Carolina Commission on Alcohol and Drug Abuse; Wright, D.A., (1984) Substance education consultant, , Iowa Department of Public Instruction, Des Moines, IA February 27 Personal interview
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907116496&doi=10.3109%2f10826088709109689&partnerID=40&md5=f67102cb60524816a272d748b598e363
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Epidemiology of tetanus in Denmark 1920-1982
T2  - Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases
J2  - Scand. J. Infect. Dis.
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
SP  - 437
EP  - 444
PY  - 1987
DO  - 10.3109/00365548709021676
SN  - 00365548 (ISSN) 
AU  - Simonsen, O.
AU  - Bloch, A.V.
AU  - Heron, I.
AD  - The Vaccine Department, State Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
AD  - Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Aalborg, Sygehus, Denmark
AB  - Tetanus is still a major health problem in developing countries and still occurs in countries with a high medical standard. To guide planning of future prophylactic programs, incidence and mortality from tetanus in Denmark previous and present prophylactic efforts have been studied. Incidence and mortality from neonatal tetanus decreased in the thirties probably consequently to social and hygienic improvement, and a very marked decrease coincided with the introduction of vaccination against tetanus in 1947. Since 1970 no case of neonatal tetanus has been observed. Mortality from non-neonatal tetanus was reduced markedly in 2 steps, coinciding with an increased use of tetanus antitoxin around 1930 and the introduction of vaccination respectively. The effect of routine vaccination in childhood from 1950 was especially prominent. Tetanus in childhood is now nearly eradicated. A survey of all hospitalized cases of tetanus 1978-1982 showed that the majority of patients were incompletely or never vaccinated, but 10% had a history of complete vaccination. The majority of cases developed from minor posttraumatic lesions, of which only 41% had been professionally treated, and 13% developed from non-traumatic lesions. It is concluded that vaccination programs offering continuous protection are needed for a complete eradication of tetanus. Fatality remains high, in the present series 9.4% and is mostly due to cardiovascular manifestations. © 1987 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - child
KW  - child health care
KW  - denmark
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - fatality
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - mortality
KW  - newborn care
KW  - prevention
KW  - priority journal
KW  - short survey
KW  - tetanus
KW  - vaccination
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Denmark
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Tetanus
KW  - Vaccination
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :22
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SJIDB
C2  - 3672049
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Simonsen, O.; Vaccine Department, State Serum Institute, Amager Boulevard 80, DK-2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
N1  - References: Carle, A., Rattone, G., Studio experimentale sull'eziologia del tetano (1884) G Accad Med Torino, 32, p. 174; 
Nicolaier, A., Über infectiösen Tetanus (1884) Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 10, pp. 842-844; 
Kitasato, S., Über den Tetanusbacillus (1889) Z Hyg, 7, pp. 225-234; 
Behring Kitasato, S., Über das Zustandekommen der Diphteri-Immunität und der Tetanus-Immunität bei Thieren (1890) Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 16, pp. 1113-1114; 
Ramon, G., Descombey, P., Sur l'immunization antitétanique et sur la production de l'antitoxine tétanique (1925) C R Soc Biol (Paris), 93, pp. 508-509; 
Galazka, A., Cook, R., Neonatal tetanus today and tomorrow (1985), pp. 349-363. , Seventh International Conference on Tetanus 1985 Eds. G Nistico, P Mastroeni, M Pietzurra Gangemi Publ. Co Roma; Perdrup, A., (1945) Om stivkrampe, Tetanus, , Munksgaard Copenhagen (In Danish.); 
Møller, B., Kristensen, H.S., Behandling af tetanus (1964) Ugeskr Laeger, 126, pp. 888-891. , (In Danish.); 
Kruse, A., Esmann, V., Tetanus, (1972) Ugeskr Laeger, 134, pp. 261-265. , (In Danish.); 
Simonsen, O., Klaerke, M., Klaerke, A., Bloch, A.V., Kjeldsen, K., Bentzon, M.W., Heron, I., Immunitet mod stivkrampe og difteri hos børn i 8–11 års alderen (1987) Ugeskr Laeger., 149, pp. 357-361. , (In Danish.); 
Simonsen, O., Kjeldsen, K., Heron, I., Immunity against tetanus and effect of revaccination 25–30 years after primary vaccination (1984) Lancet, 2, pp. 1240-1242; 
La Force, F.M., Young, L.S., Bennett, J.V., Tetanus in the United States (1965–1966) (1969) N Engl J Med, 280, pp. 269-274; 
Humbert, G., Fillastre, J.-P., Dordain, M., Leroy, J., Robert, M., Delaunay, P., 100 cases of tetanus (1972) Scand J Infect Dis, 4, pp. 129-131; 
Edmondson, R.S., Flowers, M.W., Intensive care in tetanus: management, complications and mortality in 100 cases (1979) Br Med J, 1, pp. 1401-1404; 
Newton-John, H.F., Tetanus in Victoria, 1975–1980 (1984) Med J Aust, 140, pp. 194-200; 
Tetanus—United States, 1982–1984 (1985) MMWR, 34, pp. 602-611; 
Edsall, G., Specific prophylaxis of tetanus (1959) JAMA, 171, pp. 417-427; 
Simonsen, O., Badsberg, J.H., Kjeldsen, K., Møller-Madsen, B., Heron, I., The fall off in serum concentration of tetanus antitoxin after primary- and booster vaccination (1986) Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand (C), 94, pp. 77-82; 
Alfery, D.D., Rauscher, L.A., Tetanus. A review (1979) Crit Care Med, 7, pp. 176-181; 
Sanders, R.K.M., Joseph, R., Martyn, B., Peacock, M.L., Intrathecal antitetanus serum (horse) in the treatment of tetanus (1977) Lancet, 1, pp. 974-977; 
Trujullo, M.J., Castillo, A., Espana, J.V., Geuvara, P., Eganez, H., Tetanus in the adult: intensive care and management experience with 233 cases (1980) Crit Care Med, 8, pp. 419-423; 
Tsueda, K., Oliver, P.B., Richter, R.W., Cardiovascular manifestations of tetanus (1974) Anesthesiology, 40, pp. 588-592
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023237731&doi=10.3109%2f00365548709021676&partnerID=40&md5=233c27aa98f502b3b99fa91c4ce365be
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Testicular cancer in the United States: Trends in incidence and mortality
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Int. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
SP  - 164
EP  - 170
PY  - 1986
DO  - 10.1093/ije/15.2.164
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Brown, L.M.
AU  - Pottern, L.M.
AU  - Hoover, R.N.
AU  - Devesa, S.S.
AU  - Aselton, P.
AU  - Flannery, J.T.
AD  - Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, National Cancer Institute, Landow Building, Room 3C16, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
AD  - Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, Waltham, MA, United States
AD  - Connecticut Tumor Registry, Hartford, CT, United States
AB  - The patterns of incidence and mortality of testicular cancer in the United States indicate substantial differences by age, race, time period, and geographical region. An epidemic increase over time in the risk of testicular cancer is noted for young men aged 15-44, with the most recent birth cohorts showing the greatest rate of increase. Indeed, some of the evidence suggests the possibility of two separate increases, one apparent from at least the late 1930's through the late 1950's and the second appearing in the late 1970's. The incidence data for blacks also show a young adult peak, even though the rates for whites are four to five times higher than for blacks at all ages except early childhood. Mortality rates for older men consistently declined over the 30-year period, while rates for younger men showed a dramatic drop only for the most recent time period. Aetiological factors yet to be determined may be responsible for the increasing incidence of testicular cancer in young adults. Survival factors appear to explain the age-specific differences between the incidence and mortality curves over time. © 1986 International Epidemiological Association.
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - fatality
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - male genital system
KW  - mortality
KW  - short survey
KW  - testis cancer
KW  - united states
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Child
KW  - Ethnic Groups
KW  - Geography
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Testicular Neoplasms
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :87
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJEPB
C2  - 3721677
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Brown, L.M.; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, National Cancer Institute, Landow Building, Room 3C16, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
N1  - References: Young, J.L., Percey, C.L., Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results: Incidence and Mortality Data, 1973-77 (1981) National Cancer Institute Monograph 57, pp. 81-2330. , DHHS Publication No. (N1H), Washington, DC; 
Dorn, H.F., Cutler, S.J., Mortality from Cancer in the United States. Parts I and II (1959) Public Health Monograph 56, , PHS Publication No. 590, Washington, DC; 
Cutler, S.J., Young, J.L., The Third National Cancer Survey: Incidence Data (1975) National Cancer Institute Monograph 41, pp. 75-787. , DHEW Publication No. (NIH), Washington, DC; 
Horm, J.W., Asire, A.J., Young, J.L., Jr., Pollack, E.S., Publication No, D., (1984) SEER Program: Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the United States, pp. 1973-1981. , (N1H) 85-1837, Washington, DC; 
Heston, J.F., Kelly, J.B., Meigs, J.W., Flannery, J.T., Forty-five Years of Cancer Incidence in Connecticut: 1935-79 (1986) Natl Canc Inst Mongr, 70, pp. 1-705; 
Schottenfeld, D., Warshauer, M.E., Testis (1982) Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, , Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni J F Jr, Philadelphia, W B Saunders; 
(1976) Education, and Welfare, , Cancer Patient Survival Number 5. DHHS Publication No. (NIH) 77-992, Washington, DC; 
Li, F.P., Connelly, R.R., Myers, M., Improved survival rates among testis cancer patients in the United States (1982) JAMA, 247, pp. 825-826; 
Doll, R., Calum, M., Waterhouse, J., (1970) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, 2. , UICC. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Springer-Verlag; 
Waterhouse, J., Muir, C., Correa, P., Powell, J., (1976) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, 111. , Lyon, IARC, Scientific Publication No. 15; 
Waterhouse, J.A., Muir, C.S., Shanmugaratnum, K., Powell, J., (1982) Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, 4. , Lyon, IARC, Scentific Publication No. 42; 
Devesa, S.S., Silverman, D.T., Cancer incidence and mortality trends in the United States: 1035-74 (1978) J Natl Cancer Inst, 60, pp. 545-571; 
Young, J.L., Devesa, S.S., Cutler, S.J., Incidence of cancer in United States blacks (1975) Cancer Res, 35, pp. 3523-3536
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022473548&doi=10.1093%2fije%2f15.2.164&partnerID=40&md5=f2ec4f4e58769c5226390dce27a070a3
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Unmarried at delivery. II. Perinatal morbidity and mortality
T2  - Early Human Development
J2  - Early Hum. Dev.
VL  - 14
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 217
EP  - 227
PY  - 1986
DO  - 10.1016/0378-3782(86)90182-9
SN  - 03783782 (ISSN) 
AU  - Golding, J.
AU  - Henriques, J.
AU  - Thomas, P.
AD  - Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, St. Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
AB  - The British Birth Survey included 98% of all deliveries in Great Britain in one week of April 1970. For this report, singleton births to 934 Single (never-married), 301 Once-married (widowed, separated or divorced) and 15 225 Married mothers were compared. After allowing for maternal age, parity and smoking history, there was still a reduction in birth weight in the two unmarried groups, which was mainly associated with pre-term gestation rather than growth retardation. Perinatal mortality was considerably elevated, especially for the Once-married. The excess mortality was mainly among the 'Macerated normally formed stillbirths' and 'Asphyxia' categories of the Wigglesworth classification. © 1986.
KW  - birth weight
KW  - gestation
KW  - perinatal mortality
KW  - single parent
KW  - adult
KW  - clinical article
KW  - etiology
KW  - female genital system
KW  - human
KW  - marriage
KW  - perinatal morbidity
KW  - perinatal mortality
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - prevention
KW  - priority journal
KW  - social aspect
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Asphyxia Neonatorum
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Divorce
KW  - Female
KW  - Gestational Age
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Illegitimacy
KW  - Infant Mortality
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Labor, Obstetric
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Single Person
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :20
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EHDED
C2  - 3803267
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Golding, J.; Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, St. Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Butler, Alberman, (1969) Perinatal Problems, the Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , E & S Livingstone, Edinburgh; 
Chamberlain, Chamberlain, Howlett, Claireaux, (1975) British Births volume 1: the First Week of Life, , Heinemann, London; 
Forbes, Boddy, Pickering, Wyllie, Perinatal mortality in Scotland: 1970–1979 (1982) J. Epidemiol. Commun. Hlth, 36, pp. 282-288; 
Golding, Other factors relating to perinatal mortality statistics (1987) Third Report of the WHO Study of Social and Biological Effects on Perinatal Mortality, , J. Golding, John Wright, Bristol, In press; 
Golding, Robinson, Henriques, Thomas, (1986) Does conception before marriage matter?, , Submitted; 
Henriques, Golding, Thomas, (1986) Children of single parents: the benefits and hazards. I. Single at delivery, , Submitted; 
Peters, Golding, Butler, Fryer, Lawrence, Chamberlain, Factors associated with delayed onset of regular respiration (1983) Early Hum. Dev., 9, pp. 209-223; 
Vincent, (1963) Unmarried Mothers, , Free Press of Glencoe, New York; 
Wigglesworth, Monitoring perinatal mortality: a pathophysiological approach (1980) Lancet, 2, pp. 684-686
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Unmarried at delivery. I. The mothers and their care
T2  - Early Human Development
J2  - Early Hum. Dev.
VL  - 14
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 201
EP  - 216
PY  - 1986
DO  - 10.1016/0378-3782(86)90181-7
SN  - 03783782 (ISSN) 
AU  - Henriques, J.
AU  - Golding, J.
AU  - Thomas, P.
AD  - Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, St. Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
AB  - Information on 934 never married mothers (Single) were compared with 301 who were widowed, divorced or separated (Once-married) and 15 225 who were married at the time of delivery and were part of the 1970 British Births Survey. Once the maternal age and parity differences had been taken into account the major findings concerned the mothers' health behaviour and the obstetric care they received. Single and Once-married mothers were markedly less likely than the Married group to (a) have used contraceptives in the 18 months before conception, (b) to know accurately the date of the last menstrual period, (c) to commence antenatal care before the third trimester, and (d) to attend antenatal or parentcraft classes. Both groups were more likely to smoke, the Once-married group having an especially high rate of heavy smokers. Single mothers were more likely to be anaemic during pregnancy and the Once-married to have a history of bleeding. Both groups were more likely to be delivered in a consultant unit. Relatively high proportions of Single and Once-married mothers had delivered without any pain relief. © 1986.
KW  - antenatal care
KW  - maternal smoking
KW  - obstetric care
KW  - single parent
KW  - adult
KW  - clinical article
KW  - delivery
KW  - etiology
KW  - female genital system
KW  - human
KW  - labor
KW  - marriage
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - prenatal care
KW  - priority journal
KW  - single parent
KW  - social aspect
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Analgesia
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Contraception
KW  - Divorce
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Emigration and Immigration
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Illegitimacy
KW  - Labor, Obstetric
KW  - Maternal Age
KW  - Occupations
KW  - Parity
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy Complications
KW  - Prenatal Care
KW  - Single Person
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Social Class
N1  - Cited By :4
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: EHDED
C2  - 3803266
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Golding, J.; Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, St. Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Baird, Thomson, General factors underlying perinatal mortality rates (1969) Perinatal Problems: The Second Report of the 1958 Perinatal Mortality Survey, pp. 16-35. , N.R. Butler, E.D. Alberman, E & S Livingstone, Edinburgh; 
Bode, (1980) Kids Having Kids—The Unwed Teenage Parent, , F. Watts, New York; 
Brewer, (1979) Risks in being born, pp. 256-257. , New Society, 1st November; 
Butler, Alberman, (1969) Perinatal Problems: The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , E & S Livingstone, Edinburgh; 
Butler, Bonham, (1963) Perinatal Mortality: The First Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , E & S Livingstone, Edinburgh; 
Campbell, (1984) Wigan Pier Revisited: Poverty and Politics in the Eighties, , Virago Press, London; 
Chamberlain, Philipp, Howlett, Masters, (1978) British Births 1970 Volume 2: Obstetric Care, , Heinemann, London; 
Chamberlain, Chamberlain, Howlett, Claireaux, (1975) British Births Volume 1: The First Week of Life, , Heinemann, London; 
Crellin, Kellmer-Pringle, West, Born Illegitimate: Social and Educational Implications (1971) NCB Report, , National Foundation for Educational Research in England and Wales; 
Davie, Butler, Goldstein, (1972) From Birth to Seven: The Second Report of the National Child Development Study (1958 cohort), , Longman, London; 
Held, Self-esteem and social network of the young pregnant teenager (1981) Adolescence, 16, pp. 905-912; 
Jacobson, (1981) The Ladykillers: Why Smoking is a Feminist Issue, , Pluto Press, London; 
Lawrence, Merritt, Infants of adolescent mothers: perinatal, neonatal and infancy outcome (1981) Seminars in Perinatology, 15, pp. 19-32; 
Lenney, Women's self-confidence in achievement settings (1977) Psychological Bulletin, 84 (1), pp. 1-13; 
MacGillivray, (1983) Pre-eclampsia, , Saunders, London; 
Macintyre, (1977) Single and Pregnant, , Croom Helm, London; 
Miles, (1979) Pregnant at School: Joint Working Party on Pregnant School Girls and School Girl Mothers, , National Council for One-parent Families, London; 
National Institute of Education, (1979) Teenage Smoking: Immediate and Long-term Patterns, , Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington; 
Peters, Golding, Assessing risk assessment (1985) Clinics in Perinatal Medicine, 4, pp. 235-266. , A. Milunsky, E.A. Friedman, L. Gluck, Plenum Medical Books, New York; 
Royal, Investigation Committee, (1948) Maternity in Great Britain, , Oxford University Press, London; 
Russell, Medical and social hazards of teenage pregnancy (1981) Changing Patterns of Conception and Fertility, , D.F. Roberts, R. Chester, Academic Press, London; 
Schneider, Helping adolescents deal with pregnancy: a psychiatric approach (1982) Adolescence, 17, pp. 285-291; 
Simms, Smith, Teenage mothers and smoking (1983) Health Education Journal, 42 (3), pp. 87-89; 
Smith, Teenage mothers: birth control and family building intentions (1983) J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 3, pp. S53-S54; 
Teichman, (1982) Illegitimacy: A Philosophical Examination, , Blackwell, Oxford; 
Tew, Effect of scientific obstetrics on perinatal mortality (1981) Hlth Soc. Services J., pp. 444-446
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022973087&doi=10.1016%2f0378-3782%2886%2990181-7&partnerID=40&md5=ff471c055fb403b283201d7a1023eac4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Preschool wheezing and prognosis at 10
T2  - Archives of Disease in Childhood
J2  - Arch. Dis. Child.
VL  - 61
IS  - 7
SP  - 642
EP  - 646
PY  - 1986
DO  - 10.1136/adc.61.7.642
SN  - 00039888 (ISSN) 
AU  - Park, E.S.
AU  - Golding, J.
AU  - Carswell, F.
AU  - Stewart-Brown, S.
AD  - Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
AB  - Information was collected at birth and at 5 and 10 years of age on the national cohort of children born in one week of April 1970 (the Child Health and Education Study). For 11 465 children, information on wheezing attacks before 5 years was compared with reports of wheezing occurring in the 12 months before the interview at 10 years. Of 2345 children who had had at least one wheezing attack before their fifth birthday, 80% (1869) were free of wheeze at 10 years; only 8% of children who had just one wheezing attack by 5 years wheezed in their 10th year. The more attacks the child had had by the age of 5 the higher the risk of continuing to wheeze at the age of 10, but there were no major differences in prognosis according to the age of the first attack. Half of the children who had been labelled asthmatic at the age of 5 were wheezing at the age of 10 compared with an eighth of those with wheezing not so labelled. There was little evidence to suggest that the prognosis of wheezing with bronchitis was markedly different from that of children with other episodes of wheezing provided they were not said to be asthmatic. A longer follow up is necessary to ascertain whether remission at the age of 10 is followed by relapse later.
KW  - asthma
KW  - child
KW  - child development
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - preschool child
KW  - priority journal
KW  - prognosis
KW  - respiratory system
KW  - school child
KW  - wheezing
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Asthma
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Male
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Respiratory Sounds
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PB  - BMJ Publishing Group
N1  - Cited By :63
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ADCHA
C2  - 3740902
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Golding, J.; Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022536068&doi=10.1136%2fadc.61.7.642&partnerID=40&md5=92e5e8b6d9ebce2cda57df72bf319b98
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Proximal alveolar bone loss in a longitudinal radiographic investigation: III. Some predictors with a possible influence on the progress in an unselected material
T2  - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica
J2  - Acta Odontol. Scand.
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
SP  - 257
EP  - 262
PY  - 1986
DO  - 10.3109/00016358609004731
SN  - 00016357 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bolin, A.
AU  - Lavstedt, S.
AU  - Henrikson, C.O.
AD  - Department of Oral Radiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - Bolin A, Lavstedt S, Henrikson CO. Proximal alveolar bone loss in a longitudinal radiographic investigation. III. Some predictors with a possible influence on the progress in an unselected material. Acta Odontol Scand 1986;44:257-262. ISSN 0001-6357. The difference in proximal alveolar bone height between 1970 and 1980, the "ABD index" has been measured longitudinally in radiographs from an unselected material. The group constitutes 406 individuals born in 1904-1952 in the county of Stockholm. Thirteen of 18 predictors determined in 1970 were significantly related to the ABD index in the simple correlation analyses. The predictor 'the alveolar bone loss 1970' ('ABL index 1970' had the strongest correlation to the ABD index. In the stepwise multiple regression analysis the predictor ABL index 1970 and three other predictors reached significant levels. These were age, number of lost teeth, and Russell's Periodontal Index. Epidemiology; periodontal diseases; periodontal index; prognosis. © 1986 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - jaw
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - male
KW  - osteolysis
KW  - pathology
KW  - periodontics
KW  - periodontitis
KW  - prognosis
KW  - radiography
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Alveolar Process
KW  - Bone Resorption
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Periodontal Index
KW  - Periodontitis
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Regression Analysis
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :16
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AOSCA
C2  - 3468735
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Bolin, A.; Department of Oral Radiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
N1  - References: Scherp, H., Current concepts in periodontal disease research: epidemiological contributions (1964) J Am Dent Assoc, 68, pp. 667-675; 
Socransky, S.S., Relationship of bacteria to the etiology of periodontal disease (1970) J Dent Res, 49, pp. 203-222; 
Axelsson, P., Lindhe, J., Effect of controlled oral hygiene procedures on caries and periodontal disease in adults (1978) J Clin Periodontol, 5, pp. 133-151; 
Söderholm, G., Effect of a dental care program on dental health conditions [Thesis] (1979) University of Lund, Malmö; 
Löe, H., Änerud, A., Boysen, H., Smith, M., The natural history of periodontal disease in man. The rate of periodontal destruction before 40 years of age (1978) J Periodontol, 49, pp. 607-620; 
Becker, W., Berg, L., Becker, B.E., Untreated periodontal disease: a longitudinal study (1979) J Periodontal, 50, pp. 234-244; 
Axelsson, P., Lindhe, J., Effect of controlled oral hygiene procedures on caries and periodontal disease in adults. Results after 6 years (1981) J Clin Periodontal, 8, pp. 239-248; 
Lindhe, J., Haffajee, A.D., Socransky, S.S., Progression of periodontal disease in adult subjects in the absence of periodontal therapy (1983) J Clin Periodontol, 10, pp. 433-442; 
Suomi, J.D., Greene, J.C., Vermillion, J.R., Chang, J.J., Leatherwood, E.C., The effect of controlled oral hygiene procedures on the progression of periodontal disease in adults: Results after two years (1969) J Periodontol, 40, pp. 416-420; 
Soumi, J.D., Greene, J.C., Vermillion, J.R., Doyle, J., Chang, J.J., Leatherwood, E.C., The effect of controlled oral hygiene procedures on the progression of periodontal disease in adults: results after third and final year (1971) J Periodontol, 42, pp. 152-160; 
Soumi, J.D., West, T.D., Chang, J.J., McClendon, B.J., The effect of controlled oral hygiene procedures on the progression of periodontal disease in adults: radiographic findings (1971) J Periodontol, 42, pp. 562-564; 
Björn, A.-L., Dental health in relation to age and dental care (1974) Odontol Rev, 27; 
Selikowitz, H.-S., Sheiham, A., Albert, D., Williams, G.M., Retrospective longitudinal study of the ratio of alveolar bone loss in humans using bite-wing radiographs (1981) J Clin Periodontol, 8, pp. 431-438; 
Rohner, F., Cimasoni, G., Vaugnat, P., Longitudinal radiograpnical study on the rate of alveolar bone loss in patients of a dental school (1983) J Clin Periodontol, 10, pp. 643-651; 
Lavstedt, S., Bolin, A., Henrikson, C.O., Proximal alveolar bone loss in a longitudinal radiographic investigation. II. A 10-year follow-up study of an epidemiologic material (1986) Acta Odontol Scand, 44, pp. 199-205; 
Lavstedt, S., Bolin, A., Henrikson, C.O., Carstensen, J., Proximal alveolar bone loss in a longitudinal radiographic investigation. I. Methods of measurement and partial recording (1986) Acta Odontol Scand, 44, pp. 149-157; 
Pindborg, J.J., Tobacco and gingivitis (1947) J Dent Res, 26, pp. 261-264; 
Greene, J.C., Vermillion, Jr., The simplified oral hygiene index (1964) J Am Dent Assoc, 68, pp. 25-31; 
Russell, A.L., A system of classification and scoring for prevalence surveys of periodontal disease (1956) J Dent Res, 35, pp. 350-359; 
Lavstedt, S., Eklund, G., Some factors of significance for proximal marginal bone loss studied on an epidemiological material (1975) Acta Odontol Scand, 33, pp. 50-89; 
Buckley, L.A., Crowley, M.J., A longitudinal study of untreated periodontal disease (1984) J Clin Periodontol, 11, pp. 523-530
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022799365&doi=10.3109%2f00016358609004731&partnerID=40&md5=1e9a88a2d1f64293a5c2f494bfa66f48
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Proximal alveolar bone loss in a longitudinal radiographic investigation: II. A 10-year follow-up study of an epidemiologic material
T2  - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica
J2  - Acta Odontol. Scand.
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
SP  - 199
EP  - 205
PY  - 1986
DO  - 10.3109/00016358608997721
SN  - 00016357 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lavstedt, S.
AU  - Bolin, A.
AU  - Henrikson, C.O.
AD  - Department of Oral Radiology, School of Dentistry, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - Four hundred and six individuals from an unselected sample from the County of Stockholm aged 18-65 years in 1970 were examined radiographically in 1970 and 1980. The differences in proximal alveolar bone height were recorded, attention being paid to the divergences in projection between the two investigations. The mean of the alveolar bone difference was 5.5% of the mean root length, which corresponds to an average annual bone loss of 0.09 mm. Ninety per cent of the individuals had a difference in alveolar bone height of less than 10% of the root length-that is, an average bone loss of 1.6 mm or less during 10 years. By linear regression analysis it was shown that the difference in alveolar bone height is a function of the initial bone loss; that is, the greater the initial bone loss, the greater the alveolar bone loss during the 10-year period. The result of the regression analysis may facilitate predictions of alveolar bone loss. D Dental radiography; periodontology, clinical study. © 1986 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - jaw
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - male
KW  - osteolysis
KW  - pathophysiology
KW  - radiography
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Alveolar Process
KW  - Bone Resorption
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :54
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AOSCA
C2  - 3465191
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Bolin, A.Odontologiska klinikerna. Box 4064, S-141 04, Huddinge, Sweden
N1  - References: Schei, O., Waerhaug, J., Lovdal, A., Arno, A., Alveolar bone loss as related to oral hygiene and age (1959) J Periodontol, 30, pp. 7-16; 
Lavstedt, S., A methodological-roentgenological investigation on marginal alveolar bone loss (1975) Acta Odontol Scand, 33; 
Rohner, F., Cimasoni, G., Vaugnat, P., Longitudinal radiographical study on the rate of alveolar bone loss in patients of a dental school (1983) J Clin Periodontol, 10, pp. 643-651; 
Engelberger, A., Rateitschak, K.H., Marthaler, T.M., Zur Messung des parodontalen Knochenschwun-des (1963) Helv Odontol Acta, 7, pp. 34-38; 
Björn, H., Hailing, A., Thyberg, H., Radiographic assessment of marginal bone loss (1969) Odontol Rev, 20, pp. 165-179; 
Bjorn, A.-L., Dental health in relation to age and dental care (1974) Odontol Rev, 27; 
Söderholm, G., (1979) Effect of a dental care program on dental health conditions, , [Thesis]University of Lund Malmo; 
Håkansson, J., (1978) Dental care habits, attitudes towards dental health and dental status among 20–60 year old individuals in Sweden, , [Thesis]University of Lund Malmo; 
Selikowitz, H.-S., Sheiham, A., Albert, D., Williams, G.M., Retrospective longitudinal study of the ratio of alveolar bone loss in humans using bite-wing radiographs (1981) J Clin Periodontol, 8, pp. 431-438; 
Håkansson, J., Bjorn, A.-L., Jonsson, B., Assessment of the proximal periodontal bone height from radiographs with partial reproduction of the teeth (1981) Swed Dent J, 5, pp. 147-153; 
Lavstedt, S., Bolin, A., Henrikson, C.O., Jonsson, B., Tandtillstand och behov av tandvard hos en nor-malpopulation (1982) En longitudinell epidemiologisk studie. Stockholm: Delegationen for social forsk-ning, 7; 
Henrikson, C.O., Lavstedt, S., Precision and accuracy in intraoral roentgenological determination of proximal marginal bone loss (1975) Acta Odontol Scand, 33, pp. 26-49; 
Lavstedt, S., Bolin, A., Henrikson, C.O., Carstensen, J., (1986) Proximal alveolar bone loss in a longitudinal radio-graphical investigation. I. Methods of measurement and partial recording. Acta Odontol Scand, 44, pp. 149-157; 
Tronje, G., Welander, U., McDavid, W.D., Morris, C.R., Imaging characteristics of seven rotational panoramic x-ray units. IV. Horizontal and vertical magnification (1985) Dentomaxillofac Radiol, pp. 29-34; 
Soumi, J.D., West, T.D., Chang, J.J., McClendon, B.J., The effect of controlled oral hygiene procedures on the progression of periodontal disease in adults. Radiographic findings (1971) J Periodontol, 42, pp. 562-564; 
Markkanen, H., Rajala, M., Knuuttila, M., Lammi, S., Alveolar bone loss in relation to periodontal treatment need, socioeconomic status and dental health (1981) J Periodontol, 52, pp. 99-103; 
Becker, W., Berg, L., Becker, B.E., Untreated periodontal disease. A longitudinal study (1979) J Periodontol, 50, pp. 234-244; 
Axelsson, P., Lindhe, J., Effect of controlled oral hygiene procedures on caries and periodontal disease in adults (1981) J Clin Periodontol, 8, pp. 239-248; 
Lindhe, J., Haffajee, A.D., Socransky, S.S., Progression of periodontal disease in adult subjects in the absence of periodontal therapy (1983) J Clin Periodontol, 10, pp. 433-442; 
Suomi, J.D., Plumbo, J., Barbano, J.P., A comparative study of radiographs and pocket measurements in periodontal disease evaluation (1968) J Periodontol, 39, pp. 311-315; 
Socransky, S.S., Haffajee, A.D., Goodson, J.M., Lindhe, J., New concepts of destructive periodontal disease (1984) J Clin Periodontol, 11, pp. 21-32
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022762987&doi=10.3109%2f00016358608997721&partnerID=40&md5=cbd3aa0762bbf054727422ff979ba021
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prediction of sudden infant death syndrome: An independent evaluation of four scoring methods
T2  - Statistics in Medicine
J2  - Stat. Med.
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
SP  - 113
EP  - 126
PY  - 1986
DO  - 10.1002/sim.4780050203
SN  - 02776715 (ISSN) 
AU  - Peters, T.J.
AU  - Golding, J.
AD  - Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, St. Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
AB  - The performances of four published risk prediction systems for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were compared for the 34 cases of SIDS and 48 explained deaths among a cohort of all births in the U.K. during one week in April 1970. With cut‐points for the scores which would include about 20 per cent of the population, the sensitivities of the scoring methods ranged from identifying 40 per cent of the explained deaths to 70 per cent of SIDS. The highest sensitivities were achieved with the Sheffield ‘at birth’ system and a system based on both data from Oxford and general observations from the literature, with the latter system providing the most powerful predictor of SIDS for the study sample. Copyright © 1986 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
KW  - Risk prediction
KW  - Scoring systems
KW  - Sudden infant death syndrome
KW  - central nervous system
KW  - classification
KW  - clinical article
KW  - controlled study
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - education
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - etiology
KW  - forecasting
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - organization and management
KW  - preliminary communication
KW  - prevention
KW  - risk
KW  - scoring system
KW  - sensitivity
KW  - sudden infant death syndrome
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Biometry
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Epidemiologic Methods
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Male
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Risk
KW  - Sudden Infant Death
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :13
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 3715255
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Peters, T.J.; Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, St. Michael's Hill, Bristol, BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Carpenter, R.G., Gardner, A., McWeeny, P.M., Emery, J.L., Multistage scoring system for identifying infants at risk of unexpected death (1977) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 52, pp. 606-612; 
Oakley, J.R., Tavaré, C.J., Stanton, A.N., Evaluation of the Sheffield system for identifying children at risk from unexpected death in infancy (1978) Archives of Disease in Childhood, 53, pp. 649-652; 
Harris, J.D.C., Radford, M., Wailoo, M., Carpenter, R.G., Machin, D., Sudden infant death in Southampton and an evaluation of the Sheffield scoring system (1982) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 36, pp. 162-166; 
Lewak, N., van den Berg, B.J., Beckwith, J.B., Sudden infant death syndrome risk factors (1979) Clinical Pediatrics, 18, pp. 404-411; 
Murphy, J.F., Newcombe, R.G., Sibert, J.R., The epidemiology of sudden infant death syndrome (1982) Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 36, pp. 17-21; 
Carpenter, R.G., Gardner, A., Jepson, M., Taylor, E.M., Salvin, A., Sunderland, R., Emery, J.L., Roe, J., Prevention of unexpected infant death: evaluation of the first seven years of the Sheffield intervention program (1983) Lancet, 1, pp. 723-727; 
Peters, T.J., Golding, J., Assessing risk assessment (1985) Advances in Perinatal Medicine, 4, pp. 235-266. , Milunsky, A., Friedman, E. A., Gluck, L., (eds), Plenum Medical Books, New York; 
Golding, J., Limerick, S., Macfarlane, J.A., (1985) Sudden Infant Death: Patterns, Puzzles and Problems, , Open Books Publishing, Shepton Mallet; 
Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1975) British Births 1970, 1. , The First Week of Life, William Heinemann Medical Books, London; 
Chamberlain, G., Philipp, E., Howlett, B., Masters, K., (1978) British Births 1970, 2. , Obstetric Care, William Heinemann Medical Books, London; 
Beckwith, J.B., Observations on the pathological anatomy of the sudden infant death syndrome (1970) Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Causes of Sudden Death in Infants, p. 83. , Bergman, A. B., Beckwith, J. B., Ray, C. G., (eds), University of Washington Press, Seattle; 
Chamberlain, R.N., Simpson, R.N., (1979) The Prevalence of Illness in Childhood, , Pitman Medical Publishing, Tunbridge Wells; 
Newcombe, R.G., (1979), ‘A critical review of risk prediction with special reference to the perinatal period’, Ph.D. Thesis, University of WalesUR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022602181&doi=10.1002%2fsim.4780050203&partnerID=40&md5=09060686ebd71cfe3bc952fff74c1249
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prevalence of cigarette smoking among subsequent cohorts of Italian males and females
T2  - Preventive Medicine
J2  - Prev. Med.
VL  - 15
IS  - 6
SP  - 606
EP  - 613
PY  - 1986
DO  - 10.1016/0091-7435(86)90065-4
SN  - 00917435 (ISSN) 
AU  - La Vecchia, C.
AU  - Decarli, A.
AU  - Pagano, R.
AD  - Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Via Eritrea, 62, 20157 Milan, Italy
AD  - Institute of Medical Statistics, University of Milan, National Cancer Institute, Via Venezian, 1-20133 Milan, Italy
AD  - Central Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), Viale Liegi, 11, 00100 Rome, Italy
AB  - Prevalence of cigarette smoking among successive cohorts of Italian males and females born between 1890 and 1969 was estimated from data of the 1983 National Health Survey (based on 89,765 persons randomly selected within strata of geographical area, size of place of residence, and size of household), opportunely corrected for excess mortality of smokers. The overall participation rate for the original sample was 93.6%; impossibility of tracing or refusal of the interview led to substitution of 2,058 households. Among males, smoking prevalence in the young and middle-aged increased steadily up to the generation born in 1920-1929, which, in its 30s, showed the highest absolute smoking prevalence (68.3% in 1960). Moderate declines followed, chiefly on a calendar-period basis (i.e., between 1970 and 1980 in each birth cohort). These declines occurred later and at a lower rate than in several other Western countries. Among females, cigarette smoking was extremely rare for those generations born at the turn of the century (only about 3% of Italian females born in 1890-1899 ever smoked), but increased steadily in each birth cohort and calendar period to reach a rate only about one-third lower than that of males in the 1960-1969 cohort. © 1986.
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - female
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - human
KW  - intoxication
KW  - italy
KW  - male
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Italy
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Rural Population
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Urban Population
N1  - Cited By :40
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: PVTMA
C2  - 3797392
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: La Vecchia, C.; Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Via Eritrea, 62, 20157 Milan, Italy
N1  - References: Decarli, La Vecchia, Cislaghi, Fasoli, Mezzanotte, Negri, Cancer mortality in Italy, 1955–1979: Effects of age, birth cohort and period of death (1986) La mortalità per tumori in Italia: Effetti dell'età, della generazione di nascita e del periodo di morte, , Lega Italiana per la Lotta Contro i Tumori, Milano; 
Doll, Gray, Hafner, Peto, Mortality in relation to smoking: 22 years' observations on female British doctors (1980) Brit. Med. J., 280, pp. 967-971; 
Doll, Peto, Mortality in relation to smoking: 20 years' observations on male British doctors (1976) Brit. Med. J., 2, pp. 1525-1536; 
Doll, Peto, The causes of cancer: Quantitative estimates of avoidable risks of cancer in the United States today (1981) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 66, pp. 1191-1308; 
Doxa, I fumatori in Italia (1966) Una nuova indagine sui fumatori, 20. , Boll. Doxa, Nos. 20–21; 
Hammond, Smoking in relation to the death rates of one million men and women (1966) Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr., 19, pp. 127-204; 
Harris, Cigarette smoking among successive birth cohorts of men and women in the United States during 1900–1980 (1983) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 71, pp. 473-479; 
Istituto Centrale di Statistica (ISTAT), Andamento demografico e sanitario (1984) Notiziario ISTAT, 5 (9-11); 
Istituto Centrale di Statistica, Indagine statistica sulle condizioni di salute della popolazione e sul ricorso ai servizi sanitari—1983 (1984) Primi risultati, 4. , Notiziario ISTAT, No. 8; 
Istituto Centrale di Statistica, Tavole di mortalità della popolazione Italiana per regione, 1977–1979 (1983) Boll. Mensile Statist., 16. , (Suppl.); 
Kahn, The Dorn study of smoking and mortality among U.S. veterans: Report on eight and one-half years of observations (1966) Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr., 19, pp. 1-125; 
La Vecchia, Patterns of cigarette smoking and trends in lung cancer mortality in Italy (1985) J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 39, pp. 157-164; 
La Vecchia, Smoking in Italy, 1949–1983 (1986) Prev. Med., 15, pp. 274-281; 
La Vecchia, Decarli, Trends in cancer mortality in Italy, 1955–1978 (1985) Tumori, 71, pp. 201-218; 
La Vecchia, Decarli, Trends in ischemic heart disease mortality in Italy 1968–1978 (1986) Amer. J. Public Health, 76, pp. 454-456; 
La Vecchia, Franceschi, Italian lung cancer death rates in young males (1984) Lancet, 1, p. 406; 
Office of Population, Censuses and Surveys, Cigarette smoking: 1972 to 1982 (1983) OPCS Monitor, 5
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023032945&doi=10.1016%2f0091-7435%2886%2990065-4&partnerID=40&md5=6f76fbc6df86ce12c9f8612da97cdfb8
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Atopic dermatitis: A genetic-epidemiologic study in a population-based twin sample
T2  - Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
J2  - J. Am. Acad. Dermatol.
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
SP  - 487
EP  - 494
PY  - 1986
DO  - 10.1016/S0190-9622(86)70198-9
SN  - 01909622 (ISSN) 
AU  - Schultz Larsen, F.
AU  - Holm, N.V.
AU  - Henningsen, K.
AD  - Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Odense, Denmark
AD  - Department of Serology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
AB  - Atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial disease that seems both to rise in frequency and to be dependent on a genetic predisposition. In order to clarify these issues we encircled a representative twin series with atopic dermatitis from a total twin population of 592 like-sexed twin pairs. We found (1) that the cumulative incidence rate (0-7 years) of atopic dermatitis in Denmark has increased significantly from 0.03 for the birth cohort 1960-1964 to 0.10 for the birth cohort 1970-1974, (2) that monozygotic twin pairs are more often concordant for atopic dermatitis than dizygotic twin pairs, (3) that monozygotic twins run a risk of 0.86 of having atopic dermatitis if the twin partner has the disease, whereas the disease risk of 0.21 run by dizygotic partners does not differ from the frequency seen in ordinary brothers and sisters. The results indicate (1) that genetic factors play a decisive role in the development of atopic dermatitis and (2) that widespread environmental factors are operating in genetically susceptible individuals. © 1986, American Academy of Dermatology, Inc.. All rights reserved.
KW  - atopic dermatitis
KW  - Denmark
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - genetic predisposition
KW  - heredity
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - priority journal
KW  - twins
N1  - Cited By :313
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 3760273
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Schultz Larsen, F.; Department of Dermatology, University of Odense, Odense, DK-5000, Denmark
N1  - References: Besnier, E, Premiere note et observations préliminaires pour servir d'introduction à l'étude des prurigos diathesiques (dermatites multiformes prurigineuses chroniques exacerbantes et paroxystiques, du type du prurigo de Hebra) (1892) Ann Dermatol Syph, 3, pp. 634-648; 
Taylor, B, Wadsworth, M, Wadsworth, J, Peckham, C, Changes in the reported prevalence of childhood eczema since 1939-45 war (1984) Lancet, 2, pp. 1255-1258; 
Walker, RB, Warin, RP, The incidence of eczema in early childhood (1956) Br J Dermatol, 68, pp. 182-183; 
Kjellman, N-IM, Atopic disease in seven-year-old children (1977) Acta Paediatrica, 66, pp. 465-471; 
Engbæck, S, (1982) The morbidity of school age, , Danish Medical Association Press, Copenhagen; 
Rajka, G, Prurigo Besnier (atopic dermatitis) with special reference to the role of allergic factors (1960) Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh), 40, pp. 285-306; 
Atherton, DJ, Sewell, M, Soothill, JF, Wells, RS, A doubleblind controlled crossover trial of an antigen avoidance diet in atopic eczema (1978) Lancet, 1, pp. 401-403; 
Saarinen, UM, Kajosaari, M, Backman, A, Shmes, M, Prolonged breastfeeding as prophylaxis for atopic disease (1979) Lancet, 2, pp. 163-166; 
Marsh, DG, Meyer, DA, Wilma, B, The epidemiology and genetics of atopic allergy (1981) N Engl J Med, 305, pp. 1551-1559; 
WHO, The use of twins in epidemiological studies (1966) Report of a WHO meeting of investigators. Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Rome), 15, pp. 111-128; 
Harvald, B, Hauge, M, Hereditary factors elucidated by twin studies (1965) Genetics and the epidemiology of chronic diseases, pp. 61-76. , editors, JV Neel, MG Shaw, WJ Schull, Public Health Service Publisher, Washington; 
Spaich, D, Ostertag, M, Untersuchungen über allergische Erkrankungen bei Zwillingen (1936) Z menschl Vererb-Konstitutionslehre, 19, pp. 731-752; 
Schnyder, UW, Neurodermitis-asthma-rhinitis (1960) A genetic-allergological study. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol, 17, pp. 1-106; 
Niermann, H, (1964) Zwillingsdermatologie, , Springer-Verlag, Berlin; 
Edfors-Lubs, ML, Allergy in 7000 twin pairs (1971) Acta Allergol, 26, pp. 249-285; 
Schultz Larsen, F, Holm, NV, Evaluation of an identification method of twin pairs based on the personal numbering system in Denmark (1983) Dan Med Bull, 30, pp. 424-427; 
Hanifin, JM, Lobitz, WC, Never concepts of atopic dermatitis (1977) Arch Dermatol, 113, pp. 663-670; 
Hanifin, JM, Rajka, G, Diagnostic features of atopic dermatitis (1980) Acta Derm Venereol [Suppl] (Stockh), 92, pp. 44-47; 
Hauge, M, Harvald, B, Fischer, M, The Danish Twin Register (1968) Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Rome), 17, pp. 315-332; 
Smith, C, Concordance in twins. Methods and interpretation (1974) Am J Hum Genet, 26, pp. 454-466; 
Rothman, KJ, Boice, JD, (1979) Epidemiologic analyses with a programmable calculator (Programme 19), , National Institutes of Health, Washington; 
Li, CC, Mantel, N, A simple method of estimating the segregation ratio under complete ascertainment (1968) Am J Hum Genet, 20, pp. 61-81
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022528787&doi=10.1016%2fS0190-9622%2886%2970198-9&partnerID=40&md5=c2cb40f626bba4d00c745226443e591c
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Age, period of death and birth cohort effects on suicide mortality in Italy, 1955–1979
T2  - Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
J2  - Acta Psychiatr. Scand.
VL  - 74
IS  - 2
SP  - 137
EP  - 143
PY  - 1986
DO  - 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb10597.x
SN  - 0001690X (ISSN) 
AU  - La Vecchia, C.
AU  - Bollini, P.
AU  - Imazio, C.
AU  - Decarli, A.
AD  - Lstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche, Lstituto di Statistica Medica, Università di Milano, Italy
AB  - Abstract— Trends in death rates from all suicides and specific methods of suicide in Italy over the period 1955–79 were analysed on the basis of age‐specific and age‐standardised rates, and through a log‐linear Poisson model to isolate the effects of age, birth cohort and calendar period. In both sexes, a large decrease in mortality from suicide was evident in the late 1950's and early 1960's. Thereafter, death certification rates showed fluctuating trends up to the mid 1970's, when steady increases became evident for both sexes. Nevertheless, overall age‐standardized mortality rates from suicide in the late 1970's were still considerably lower than in the two previous decades (15% in males, 7% in females). The observed variations in suicide mortality, mostly in males, can be explained in terms of period of death effect and be related to changes in the Italian economic situation. This view finds further support from analysis of age‐specific trends (e. g mortality rates in the younger age groups started rising in the early 1970's. together with a rise in unemployment rates among the young). Cohort curves for males born in the current century were U‐shaped as well, with marked declines for generations born between 1905 and 1930, and moderate increases for more recent cohorts. For females, the cohort curve was remarkably flat. Some of the changes in the various methods of suicide can be explained in terms of well‐defined exogenous factors (e.g., the large fall in poisoning by domestic gas is obviously attributable to domestic gas detoxification). Copyright © 1986, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
KW  - birth cohorts
KW  - mortality
KW  - suicide
KW  - age
KW  - central nervous system
KW  - clinical article
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - fatality
KW  - human
KW  - mortality
KW  - priority journal
KW  - sex
KW  - sex difference
KW  - suicide
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Age Specific Death Rate
KW  - Causes Of Death--changes
KW  - Cohort Analysis
KW  - Death Rate
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Differential Mortality
KW  - Economic Conditions
KW  - Economic Factors
KW  - Europe
KW  - Italy
KW  - Macroeconomic Factors
KW  - Mediterranean Countries
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Seasonal Variation
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Southern Europe
KW  - Suicide--changes
KW  - Violent Deaths
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and over
KW  - Cross-Sectional Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Italy
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Suicide
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :27
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 3490740
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: La Vecchia, C.; Lstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” Via Eritrea, Milan, 20157, Italy
N1  - References: (1982) World health statistics annual, , Geneva:, WHO; 
(1982) Changing patterns in suicide behaviour, , Copenhagen:, WHO; 
Murphy, G.E., Wetzel, RD., Suicide risk by birth cohort in the United States, 1949 to 1974 (1980) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 37, pp. 519-523; 
Solomon, M.I., Hellon, CP., Suicide and age in Alberta, Canada, 1951 to 1977. A cohort analysis (1980) Arch Gen Psy chiatry, 37, pp. 511-513; 
Hellon, C.P., Solomon, MI., Suicide and age in Alberta, Canada, 1951 to 1977. The changing profile (1980) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 37, pp. 505-510; 
Goldney, R.D., Katsikitis, M., Cohort analysis of suicide rates in Australia (1983) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 40, pp. 71-74; 
McClure, GMG., Trends in suicide rate for England and Wales 1975–80 (1984) Br J Psychiatry, 144, pp. 119-126; 
Moens, GFG., The rise of suicide mortality in Belgium between 1968–72 and 1978–81: Age, sex and geographical characteristics (1984) Int J Epidemiol, 13, pp. 243-245; 
Sainsbury, P., Jenkins, JS., The accuracy of officially reported suicide statistics for purposes of epidemiological research (1982) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 36, pp. 43-48; 
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Gardner, M.J., Osmond, C., Interpretation of time trends in disease rates in the presence of generation effects (1984) Stat Med, 3, pp. 113-130; 
Brown, JH., Suicide in Britain. More attempts, fewer deaths, lessons for public policy (1979) Arch Gen Psychiatry, 36, pp. 1119-1124; 
Liem, R., Rayman, P., Perspectives on unemployment, mental health and social policy (1984) Int J Ment Health, 13, pp. 3-17; 
(1983), Annuario di Statistiche del Lavoro, 1983. Roma; Cormier, H.J., Klerman, GL., Unemployment and male‐female labor force participation as determinants of chang ing suicide rates of males and females in Quebec (1985) Soc Psychiatry, 20, pp. 109-114; 
Kreitman, N., Platt, S., Suicide, unemployment, and domes tic gas detoxification in Britain (1984) J Epidemiol Commun Health, 38, pp. 1-6
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022457994&doi=10.1111%2fj.1600-0447.1986.tb10597.x&partnerID=40&md5=4455707fe84f71552074004a2652c0e1
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Parents' divorce and children's life chances
T2  - Children and Youth Services Review
J2  - Child. Youth Serv. Rev.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
SP  - 145
EP  - 159
PY  - 1986
DO  - 10.1016/0190-7409(86)90015-0
SN  - 01907409 (ISSN) 
AU  - Wadsworth, M.E.J.
AU  - Maclean, M.
AD  - University of Bristol UK, United Kingdom
AD  - Wolfson College, OxfordUK
AB  - This paper reports available British data from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies examining the long term impact of parental divorce on children's life chances. The authors suggest that an effect can be traced, lowering the educational attainment of both sexes and the socio-economic status of males in their mid-twenties following parental divorce or separation before the age of fourteen years. This effect is reduced but not removed by remarriage of the custodial parent. © 1986.
N1  - Cited By :19
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CYSRD
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Maclean, M.
N1  - References: Amsden, (1980) The economics of women and work, , Penguin Books, London; 
Atkins, Cherry, Douglas, Kiernan, Wadsworth, The 1946 British birth cohort survey: An account of the origins, progress and results of the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) An empirical basis for primary prevention, Prospective longitudinal research in Europe, pp. 25-30. , S.A. Mednick, A.E. Baert, Oxford University Press, Oxford; 
Barrington, Eekelaar, Gibson, Raikes, (1977) The matrimonial jurisdiction of registrars, , Oxford University, Centre for Socio-Legal Studies, Oxford; 
Burgoyne, Clarke, (1984) Making a go of it, , Routledge and Kegan Paul, London; 
Dominian, (1965) Marital breakdown, , Penguin Books, London; 
Douglas, Broken families and child behavior (1970) Journal of the Royal College of Physicians, 4, pp. 203-210. , London; 
Douglas, Early disturbing events and later enuresis (1973) Bladder control and enuresis, pp. 109-117. , K. Kelvin, R.C. MacKeith, S.R. Meadow, Spastics International Medical Publishers, London; 
Dunnell, (1980) Family formation, , Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London; 
Eekelaar, (1984) Family law and social policy, , Weidenfeld and Nicholson, London; 
Eekelaar, Clive, Clarke, Raikes, (1977) Custody after divorce, , Oxford University, Centre for Socio-Legal Studies, Oxford; 
Eekelaar, Maclean, (1986) Maintenance after Divorce, , Oxford University Press; 
Elder, Liker, Jaworski, Hardship in lives: Depression influences from the 1930's to old age in post war America (1984) Life-span developmental psychology: Historical and generational effects, pp. 161-201. , C.A. McCluskey, H.W. Reese, Academic Press, New York; 
Espenshade, (1982) The economic consequences of changing family structures for children, families, and society, , The Urban Institute, Washington D.C, Mimeo; 
Ferri, (1976) Growing up in a one parent family, , National Foundation for Educational Research, Windsor; 
Fogelman, (1983) Growing up in Great Britain: Papers from the National Child Development Group Study, , Macmillan, London; 
Furstenberg, Spanier, (1984) Recycling the family, , Sage, Beverly Hills; 
Greenberg, Wolfe, The economic consequences of experiencing parental marital disruption (1982) Children And Youth Services Review, 4, pp. 141-162; 
Hart, (1976) When marriage ends, , Tavistock, London; 
Hill, Hill, Morgan, (1981) Persistence and change in economic status and the role of changing family composition in five thousand American families, 9. , University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor; 
Hoffman, Marital instability and the economic status of women (1977) Demography, 14, pp. 67-76. , February; 
Itzin, (1980) Splitting up, , Virago, London; 
Laslett, (1972) Households and family in past time, , University Press, Cambridge; 
Layard, The causes of poverty (1978) Background Paper no. 6, , Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London; 
Leete, Anthony, Divorce and re-marriage: A record linkage study (1979) Population Trends, 16. , Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London; 
Maclean, Eekelaar, (1983) Children and divorce, , Oxford University, Centre for Socio-Legal Studies, Oxford; 
McCord, Some child-rearing antecedents of criminal behavior in adult men (1979) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, pp. 1477-1486; 
Mnookin, (1978) Bargaining in the shadow of the law, , Oxford University, Centre for Socio-Legal Studies, Oxford; 
Pahl, Patterns of money management within marriage (1980) Journal of Social Policy, 9, pp. 313-335; 
Richards, Dyson, (1982) Separation, divorce and the development of children: A review, , Department of Health and Social Security, Cambridge Child Care and Development Group, (mimeo); 
Rutter, Giller, (1983) Juvenile delinquency: Trends and perspectives, , Penguin Books, London; 
Townsend, (1981) Poverty in the United Kingdom, , Penguin Books, London; 
Wadsworth, Early life events and later behavioral outcomes in a British longitudinal study (1979) Human functioning in longitudinal perspective, pp. 168-177. , S.B. Sells, R. Crandall, M. Roff, J.S. Strauss, R. Pollin, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore; 
Wadsworth, (1979) Roots of delinquency: Infancy, adolescence and crime, , Martin Robertson, Oxford, U.S. edition New York: Barnes and Noble; 
Wadsworth, Early stress and associations with adult health, behaviour and parenting (1984) Stress and disability in childhood, pp. 100-104. , N.R. Butler, B.D. Corner, John Wright and Sons, Bristol; 
Wadsworth, A lifetime prospective study of human adaption and health (1984) Breakdown in human adaptation to ‘stress’, pp. 80-85. , J. Cullen, J. Siegrist, Martinus Nijhoff, Boston; 
Wadsworth M.E.J. (in press-a). Evidence from three birth cohort studies lor longterm and cross-generational effects on the development of children. In P. Light & M.P.M. Richards (Eds.), Children of social worlds. Oxford: Polity Press; Wadsworth M.E.J. (in press-b). Relationship between parents and children. In J. Burgoyne & M.P.M. Richards (Eds.), Public and private lives: Reflections on family life in Britain; Wadsworth, Peckham, Taylor, The role of national longitudinal studies in the prediction of health, development and behaviour (1984) Monitoring the health of American children, pp. 63-83. , D.B. Walker, J.B. Richmond, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA; 
Wallerstein, Kelly, (1980) Surviving the break-up, , Grant Macintyre, London; 
Weitzman, (1985) The divorce revolution, , Free Press, New York; 
Wynn, (1964) Fatherless families, , Michael Joseph, London
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0001500018&doi=10.1016%2f0190-7409%2886%2990015-0&partnerID=40&md5=2be25e4bd75eee6970ba2e36e4fb419d
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Early glomerular hyperfiltration in insulin-dependent diabetics and late nephropathy
T2  - Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation
J2  - Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest.
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
SP  - 201
EP  - 206
PY  - 1986
DO  - 10.3109/00365518609083660
SN  - 00365513 (ISSN) 
AU  - Mogensen, C.E.
AD  - Second University Clinic of Internal Medicine, Kommunehospitalet, Aarhus, Denmark
AB  - The aim of this study was to clarify whether early gomerular hyperfiltration, a characteristic feature of insulin-dependent diabetes, is associated with late diabetic nephropathy. In 1984 we re-examined 12 patients previously investigated in our laboratory around 1970; entrance criteria were as follows: (1) male diabetics, clearly insulin-dependent, and age at onset of diabetes ≥20 years; (2) glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) measured at least 7 years before follow-up study; (3) duration of diabetes at initial examination 3-7 years. All patients fulfilling these criteria accepted a re-examination. The end-point at follow-up (final criterium) was the level of urinary albumin excretion (UAE), either elevated (≤15 μg/min) or normal (>15 μg/min). A clear discrimination was seen, patients being either grossly abnormal (95-4117 μg/min) or normal (2.6-7.4 μg/min). A marked difference in initial GFR was seen: 166 ml/min±15.4 in those with high UAE at follow-up versus 138±8.6 in patients with normal UAE at follow-up (2p=0.2% The GFR at follow-up was significantly decreased in diabetics with high follow-up UAE (mean values 166→80 ml/min) but stable in patients with low UAE (138→132 ml/min). Initial blood pressure, plasma glucose and RPF were not different between groups. Marked glomerular hyperfiltration, whatever its cause, may contribute to late glomerular damage in diabetic nephropathy. Early measurements of GFR and UAE can be used to identify patients at risk of subsequently developing nephropathy. © 1986 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Albumin excretion
KW  - Diabetes
KW  - Diabetic nephropathy
KW  - GFR
KW  - Kidney function
KW  - insulin
KW  - clinical article
KW  - diabetes mellitus
KW  - diabetic nephropathy
KW  - drug therapy
KW  - endocrine system
KW  - glomerulus filtration
KW  - glomerulus filtration rate
KW  - human
KW  - insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
KW  - kidney
KW  - kidney disease
KW  - kidney plasma flow
KW  - priority journal
KW  - proteinuria
KW  - subcutaneous drug administration
KW  - therapy
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
KW  - Diabetic Nephropathies
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Glomerular Filtration Rate
KW  - Human
KW  - Kidney
KW  - Kidney Failure, Chronic
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Time Factors
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :223
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SJCLA
C2  - 3715374
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Mogensen, C.E.; Second University Clinic of Internal Medicine, Kommunehospitalet, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: insulin, 9004-10-8
N1  - References: Cambier, P., Application de la théorie de Rehberg a l'etude clinique des affections rénales et du diabetes (1934) Ann Med, 35, pp. 273-299; 
Spühler, O., (1946) Zur Physio-pathologie der Niere, , Bern; 
Amsler, H.A., (1952) Diabetes mellitus und Kapillarper-meabilität (Inaugural-Dissertation), , Juris Verlag, Zurich; 
St. Cordes, G., Moro, E.E., Untersuchungen über die Inulinclearance bei Diabetikern mit Retinitis. Wien (1952) Klin Wschr, 64, pp. 175-177; 
Stadler, G., Schmid, R., Severe functional disorders of glomerular capillaries and renal hemodynamics in treated diabetes mellitus during childhood (1959) Ann Paediat, 193, pp. 129-138; 
Ditzel, J., Schwartz, M., Abnormally increased glomerular filtration rate in short-term insulin-treated diabetic subjects (1967) Diabetes, 16, pp. 264-267; 
Mogensen, C.E., Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in long-term juvenile diabetics without proteinuria (1972) Br Med J, 2, pp. 257-259; 
Mogensen, C.E., Kidney function and glomerular permeability to macromolecules in juvenile diabetes (1972) Dan Med Bull, 19; 
Mogensen, C.E., Christensen, C.K., Beck Nielsen, H., Vittinghus, E., Early changes in kidney function, blood pressue and the stages in diabetic nephropathy (1983) Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy, pp. 57-83. , Eds. H Keen, M Legrain. MTP Press Limited, Boston; 
Christiansen, J.S., On the pathogenesis of the increased glomerular filtration rate in short-term insulin-dependent diabetes (1984) Dan Med Bull, 31, pp. 349-361; 
Mogensen, C.E., Christensen, C.K., Prediction of diabetic nephropathy in insulin-dependent patients (1984) N Engl J Med, 311, pp. 89-93; 
Hostetter, T.H., Rennke, H.G., Brenner, B.M., The case for intrarenal hypertension in the initiation and progression of diabetic and other glomerulopathies (1982) Am J Med, 72, pp. 375-380; 
Hostetter, T.H., Rennke, H.G., Brenner, B.M., Compensatory renal hemodynamic injury: a final common pathways of residual nephron destruction (1982) Am J Kidney Dis, 1, pp. 310-314; 
Brenner, B.M., Hemodynamically mediated glomerular injury and the progressive nature of kidney disease (1983) Kidney Int, 23, pp. 647-655; 
Friedman, E.A., Diabetic nephropathy: strategies in prevention and management (1982) Kidney Int, 21, pp. 780-791; 
Mogensen, C.E., Kidney function and glomerular permeability to macromolecules in early juvenile diabetes (1971) Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 28, pp. 79-90; 
Mogensen, C.E., Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in short-term and long-term juvenile diabetes mellitus (1971) Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 28, pp. 91-100; 
Brøchner-Mortensen, J., Routine methods and their reliability for assessment of glomerular filtration rate in adults (1978) Dan Med Bull, 25, pp. 181-202; 
Miles, D.W., Mogensen, C.E., Gundersen, H.J.G., Radioimmunoassay for urinary albumin using a single antibody (1970) Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 26, pp. 5-11; 
Mogensen, C.E., Microalbuminuria and incipient diabetic nephropathy. Editorial review (1984) Diabetic Nephropathy, 3, pp. 75-78; 
Parving, H.-H., Viberti, G.C., Keen, H., Christiansen, J.S., Lassen, N.A., The haemodynamic origin of diabetic microangiopathy (1983) Metabolism, 32, pp. 943-949; 
Deckert, T., Lauritzen, T., Parving, H.-H., Christiansen, J.S., Effect of two years of strict metabolic control on kidney function in long-term insulin-dependent diabetics (1983) Diabetic Nephropathy, 2, pp. 6-10; 
Beck-Nielsen, H., Mogensen, C.E., Richelsen, B., Charles, P., Normalization of glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin excretion in insulin dependent diabetes induced by improved metabolic control for 1 year (1984) Diabetes Care, , (in press); 
Mogensen, C.E., Hypertension in Diabetes and the Stages of Diabetic Nephropathy. Editorial Review (1982) Diabetic Nephropathy, 1, pp. 2-7; 
Mogensen, C.E., Christensen, C.K., Vittinghus, E., The stages in diabetic renal disease. With emphasis on the stage of incipient diabetic nephropathy (1983) Diabetes, 32, pp. 64-78; 
Christensen, C.K., Abnormal albuminuria and blood pressure rise in incipient diabetic nephropathy induced by exercise (1984) Kidney Int, 25, pp. 819-823
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022480141&doi=10.3109%2f00365518609083660&partnerID=40&md5=aa021bf0c77687fb18ad624bd7ab43b4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - EPILEPSY AND HANDICAP FROM BIRTH TO AGE 36
T2  - Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
J2  - Dev. Med. Child Neurol.
VL  - 28
IS  - 6
SP  - 719
EP  - 728
PY  - 1986
DO  - 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1986.tb03923.x
SN  - 00121622 (ISSN) 
AU  - Britten, N.
AU  - Morgan, K.
AU  - Fenwick, P.B.C.
AU  - Britten, H.
AD  - Department of Community Medicine, University College London, United Kingdom
AD  - Southmead and Frenchay District Health Authorities, Bristol, United Kingdom
AD  - The Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom
AD  - Brent Health Authority, London, United Kingdom
AD  - The Middlesex Hospital Medical School, 66-72 Gower Street, London, WC1E 6EA, United Kingdom
AB  - Fifty‐five subjects with epilepsy were identified in the first 36 years of the 1946 birth cohort study. In 37 cases there was neither evident cause for the epilepsy nor associated brain‐damage and these are referred to as ‘uncomplicated’, the rest as ‘complicated’. Subjects with epilepsy came from poorer social backgrounds than the rest of the cohort. Mortality for both the complicated and uncomplicated groups was high. The educational and occupational achievements, marriage and parenthood, self‐esteem and psychiatric morbidity of those surviving to adult life were compared with individually matched controls drawn from the same population. For the uncomplicated group there was no evidence of handicap at age 26, but 10 years later handicap was evident in this group in the economic sphere and in self‐esteem. Epilepsie et handicap de la naissance à 36 ans Cinquante cinq sujets épileptiques ont été identifiés au cours des 36 premières années de l'étude de la cohorte née en 1946. Dans 37 cas, il n'apparaissait pas de causes évidentes des crises, ni lésions cérébrates associées et ces cas sont référés comme ‘non compliqués’, les autres comme ‘compliqués’. les sujets épileptiques provenaient d'un environnement social plus pauvre que le reste de la cohorte. La mortalité a étéélevée dans le groupe compliqué comme dans le groupe non compliqué. Les performances éducatives et professionnelles, le mariage et la descendance, l'auto‐estimation et la morbidité psychiatrique des cas survivants au cours de la vie adulte ont été compares individuellement avec des contrôles appariés provenant de la même population. Dans le groupe non compliqué, il n'y avait pas d'évidence de handicap à l'âge de 26 ans mais dix ans plus tard, le handicap était évident dans ce groupe, dans la sphère économique et dans l'auto‐estimation. Epilepsie und Behinderung: von der Geburl bis zum 36. Lebensjahr In einer Studie des Geburtenjahrganges 1946 wurden in den ersten 36 Jahren 55 Patienten mit Epilepsie diagnostiziert. Bei 37 Fällen fand sich weder eine eindeutige Ursache für die Anfälle noch ein Hirnschaden, und diese wurden als ‘unkompliziert’ eingestuft, die restlichen als ‘kompliziert’. Die Kinder mit Epilepsie kamen aus einer einfacheren sozialen Schicht als die übrigen Kinder dieser Studie. Die Mortalität war sowohl bei den komplizierten als auch bei den unkomplizierten Fällen hoch. Schulische und berufliche Leistungen, Zahl der Eheschließungen und Elternschaft, Selbstwertgefühl und psychiatrische Morbidität wurden von den Patienten, die bis zum Erwachsenenalter überlebten, mit individuell ausgewählten Kontrollen derselben Population verglichen. Die Patienten der unkomplizierten Gruppe zeigten im Alter von 26 Jahren keine Behinderung, 10 Jahre später jedoch waren deutliche Behinderungen im wirtschaftlichen Bereich und beim Selbstwertgefühl nachweisbar. Epilepsia y minusvalia desde el nacimiento hasta la edad de 36 años Cincuenta y cinco individuos con epilepsia fueron identificados en los primeros 36 años del estudio control de 1946. En 37 casos no habia causa evidente de las crisis ni asociación con lesion cerebral y tales casos son denominanados ‘no complicados' y el resto ‘complicados’. Individuos con epilepsia provenían de un medio social más pobre que el resto del grupo. La mortalidad para ambos grupos, complicados era alta. El nivel educativo y ocupacional alcanzados, matrimonio, paternidad, autoestima y morbilidad psiquiàtrica de aquellos que alcanzaron la edad adulta se comparó con controles individualmente homólogos, sacados de la misma población. En el grupo de no complicados no había evidencia de minusvalia a la edad de 26 años. Pero 10 años más tarde, la minusvalia era evidente en este grupo en la esfera económica y en la autoestima. Copyright © 1986, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
KW  - central nervous system
KW  - clinical article
KW  - disability
KW  - education
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - epilepsy
KW  - human
KW  - mortality
KW  - occupation
KW  - priority journal
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - social aspect
KW  - Adult
KW  - Disabled Persons
KW  - England
KW  - Epilepsy
KW  - Human
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Quality of Life
N1  - Cited By :26
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 2950011
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Britten, N.
N1  - References: Atkins, E., Cherry, N.M., Douglas, J.W.B., Kiernan, K.E., Wadsworth, M.E.J., The 1946 British birth cohort survey: an account of the origins, progress and results of the National Survey of Health and Development (1980) An Empirical Basis for Primary Prevention: Prospective Longitudinal Research in Europe, , Mednick, S. A., Baert, A. E.,. London:, Oxford University Press; 
(1978) Plan for Nationwide Action on Epilepsy, 2. , Part 2. Bethesda, MD:, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare; 
Cooper, J.E., Epilepsy in a longitudinal survey of 5,000 children (1965) British Medical Journal, 1, pp. 1020-1022; 
Crombie, D.L., Cross, K.W., Fry, J., Pinsent, R.J.F.H., Watts, C.A.H., A survey of the epilepsies in general practice (1960) British Medical Journal, 2, pp. 416-422; 
Currie, S., Heathfield, K.W.G., Henson, R.A., Scott, D.F., Clinical course and prognosis of temporal lobe epilepsy. A survey of 666 patients (1971) Brain, 94, pp. 173-190; 
Gastaut, H., International classification of epileptic seizures (1969) Epilepsia, 10, p. S2; 
Goodridge, D.M.G., Shorvon, S.D., Epileptic seizures in a population of 6000. II: Treatment and prognosis (1983) British Medical Journal, 287, pp. 645-647; 
Graham, P., Rutter, M., Organic brain dysfunction and child psychiatric disorder (1968) British Medical Journal, 3, pp. 695-700; 
Harrison, R.M., Taylor, D.C., Childhood seizures: a 25 year follow‐up (1976) Lancet, 1, pp. 948-951; 
Hermann, B.P., Whitman, S., Behavioral and personality correlates of epilepsy: a review, methodological critique, and conceptual model (1984) Psychological Bulletin, 95, pp. 451-497; 
Kurland, L.T., The incidence and prevalence of convulsive disorders in a small urban community (1959) Epilepsia, 1, pp. 143-161; 
Lindsay, J., Ounsted, C., Richards, P., Long‐term outcome in children with temporal lobe seizures. I: Social outcome and childhood factors (1979) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 21, pp. 285-298; 
Lindsay, J., Ounsted, C., Richards, P., Long‐term outcome in children with temporal lobe seizures. III: Psychiatric aspects in childhood and adult life (1979) Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 21, pp. 630-636; 
Miller, F.J.W., Court, S.D.M., Walton, W.S., Knox, E.G., (1960) Growing up in Newcastle upon Tyne, , London:, Oxford University Press; 
Nelson, K.B., Ellenberg, J.H., Predictors of epilepsy in children who have experienced febrile seizures (1976) New England Journal of Medicine, 19, pp. 1029-1033; 
Passmore, R., Robson, J.S., (1974) Companion to Medical Studies, 3. , Oxford:, Blackwell Scientific; 
Pike, M.C., Morrow, R.H., Statistical analysis of patient‐control studies in epidemiology (1970) British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 24, pp. 42-44; 
Pond, D.A., Bidwell, B.H., Stein, L., A survey of epilepsy in fourteen general practices. 1: Demographic and medical data (1960) Psychiatr Neurol Neurochir, 63, pp. 217-236; 
Rodgers, B., Mann, S.A., The reliability and validity of PSE assessments by lay interviewers: a national population survey (1986) Psychological Medicine, 16, pp. 689-700; 
Ross, E.M., Evans, D., Epilepsy in Bristol secondary school children (1972) Epilepsia, 13, pp. 7-12; 
Peckham, C.S., West, P.B., Butler, N.R., Epilepsy in childhood: findings from the National Child Development Study (1980) British Medical Journal, 1, pp. 207-210; 
Siegel, S., (1956) Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, , New York:, McGraw‐Hill; 
Sillanpää, M., Medico‐social prognosis of children with epilepsy (1973) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 237, pp. 3-104; 
Smith, B., Sudden unexplained death in epileptics (1978) Commission for Control of Epilepsy and its Consequences. Plan for Nationwide Action on Epilepsy, 2, pp. 302-312. , Part 2, Section viii, pp.,. Bethesda, MD, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare; 
van den Berg, B.J., Yerushalmy, J., Studies on convulsive disorders in young children (1969) Pediatric Research, 3, pp. 298-304; 
Verity, C.M., Butler, N.R., Golding, J., Febrile convulsions in a national cohort followed up from birth. II: Medical history and intellectual ability at 5 years of age (1985) British Medical Journal, 290, pp. 1311-1315; 
Wing, J.K., Cooper, J.E., Sartorius, N., (1974) The Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms, , London:, Cambridge University Press; 
(1980) International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps, , Geneva:, W.H.O
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0023002275&doi=10.1111%2fj.1469-8749.1986.tb03923.x&partnerID=40&md5=c6c4202c187d8380dbe16586439cbeaf
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Short stay surgery for inguinal hernia: Experience of the Shouldice operation, 1970–1982
T2  - British Journal of Surgery
J2  - Br. J. Surg.
VL  - 73
IS  - 2
SP  - 123
EP  - 124
PY  - 1986
DO  - 10.1002/bjs.1800730217
SN  - 00071323 (ISSN) 
AU  - Devlin, H.B.
AU  - Gillen, P.H.A.
AU  - Waxman, B.P.
AU  - Macnay, R.A.
AD  - North Tees General Hospital, Hardwick, Stockton‐on‐Tees, Cleveland, TS19 8PE, United Kingdom
AD  - University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, 3084, Australia
AD  - Northern Regional Health Authority, Newcastle, NE6 4PY, United Kingdom
AB  - Between mid 1970 and mid 1982, 696 patients underwent 718 operations for primary inguinal hernias by the Shouldice surgical technique. Follow‐up to 31 December 1983 revealed 6 recurrences, 40 patients died during the follow‐up period and 37 were lost to the study. Five patients required re‐operation for complications of the suture material. Polypropylene was the most efficacious of the suture materials used during the study. Duration of hospital stay and age at operation do not influence the probability of recurrence. The operation gave consistently good results when performed by either a consultant surgeon or a surgeon in training. Using the Shouldice surgical technique the probability of recurrence of the inguinal hernia at 10 years is only 1 per cent. Copyright © 1986 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd.
KW  - Inguinal hernia
KW  - surgery
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - digestive system
KW  - economic aspect
KW  - herniorrhaphy
KW  - hospitalization
KW  - human
KW  - inguinal hernia
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - peritoneum
KW  - priority journal
KW  - small intestine
KW  - therapy
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Hernia, Inguinal
KW  - Human
KW  - Length of Stay
KW  - Male
KW  - Methods
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Recurrence
KW  - Reoperation
KW  - Sutures
N1  - Cited By :64
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 3947903
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Devlin, H.B.; North Tees General Hospital, Hardwick, Stockton‐on‐Tees, Cleveland, TS19 8PE, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Bassini, E, Sulla cura radicale dell'ernia inguinale (1887) Arch Soc Ital Chir, 4, p. 380; 
Glassow, F, Inguinal hernia repair using local anaesthesia (1984) Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 66, pp. 382-387; 
Russell, IT, Devlin, HB, Fell, M, Glass, NJ, Newell, DJ, Day case surgery for hernias and haemorrhoids – A clinical, social and economic evaluation (1977) Lancet, 1, pp. 844-847; 
Devlin, HB, Russell, IT, Muller, D, Sahay, AK, Tiwari, PN, Short stay surgery for inguinal hernia – clinical outcome of the Shouldice operation (1977) Lancet, 1, pp. 847-849; 
Datta, D, Zaida, A, Devlin, HB, Short‐stay surgery for inguinal hernia (1980) Lancet, 2, pp. 99-100; 
Devlin, HB, Inguinal hernia in adults (1983) Rob and Smith's Operative Surgery, , Dudley H, Pories WI, Carter DC, 4th ed., London, Butterworths; 
Marsden, AJ, Inguinal hernia: A three‐year review of two thousand cases (1962) Br J Surg, 49, pp. 384-394
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Plasma cell granuloma of lung and pleura
T2  - Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal
J2  - Scand. Cardiovasc. J.
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
SP  - 119
EP  - 121
PY  - 1986
DO  - 10.3109/14017438609106487
SN  - 14017431 (ISSN) 
AU  - Harjula, A.
AU  - Mattila, S.
AU  - Kyösola, K.
AU  - Heikkilä, L.
AU  - Mäkinen, J.
AD  - Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Finland
AD  - Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
AB  - A report is presented of seven patients with plasma cell granuloma of the lung or pleura. Two were operated on in 1970, three in 1971, one in 1973 and one in 1984. None of the patients had smoked cigarettes. Five had a history of infection. Most of the patients were young, healthy and working. The surgical treatment was lobectomy in four cases, bilobectomy in one case and resection of tumour in two cases. The histology of the tumours was re-evaluated, and was similar in all cases. They were composed mainly of plasma cells, lymphocytes and granulocytes, and small foci of calcification were also seen. No recurrence of tumour was found in observation up to 13 years postoperatively. One patient died of pancreatic carcionoma after 6 years. The others are doing well. © 1986 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - clinical article
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - histology
KW  - histopathology
KW  - human
KW  - lung nodule
KW  - plasma cell granuloma
KW  - priority journal
KW  - respiratory system
KW  - therapy
KW  - thorax surgery
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Granuloma
KW  - Granuloma, Plasma Cell
KW  - Humans
KW  - Lung Diseases
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Pleural Diseases
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :12
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SCJOF
C2  - 3738441
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Harjula, A.; Department of Pathology, University of HelsinkiFinland
N1  - References: Bahadori, M., Liebow, A.A., Plasma cell granulomas of the lung (1973) Cancer, 31, p. 191; 
Fisher, C., Grupp, C., Kenning, B., Lincoln, J.C.R., Peter, J.L., Pseudolymphoma of the lung. A rare cause of a solitary nodule (1980) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 80, p. 11; 
Mandelbaum, I., Brashear, R.E., Hull, M.T., Surgical treatment and course of pulmonary pseudotumor (plasma cell granuloma) (1981) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 82, p. 77; 
Mäkelä, V., Matilla, S., Mäkinen, J., Plasma cell granuloma (histiocytoma) of lung and pleura. Report on three cases (1972) Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand, 80, p. 634. , section A
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022606168&doi=10.3109%2f14017438609106487&partnerID=40&md5=a554edd7eb05acb48cad5191aff0b563
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Proximal alveolar bone loss in a longitudinal radiographic investigation I. Methods of measurement and partial recording
T2  - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica
J2  - Acta Odontol. Scand.
VL  - 44
IS  - 3
SP  - 149
EP  - 157
PY  - 1986
DO  - 10.3109/00016358609026567
SN  - 00016357 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lavstedt, S.
AU  - Bolin, A.
AU  - Henrikson, C.O.
AU  - Carstensen, J.
AD  - Department of Oral Radiology and Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - A longitudinal radiographic investigation was made of the progression of the proximal alveolar bone loss over a 10-year period (1970-1980). The material was unselected and consisted of 669 individuals in the county of Stockholm. Sixty-one individuals were randomly selected for evaluation of a recording system using alternative methods of measurement, and 90% of the measurement sites could then be assessed. The correlations between some of the methods were high, such as between measurement of alveolar bone height and root length and between aleveolar bone height and tooth length. To reduce the number of measurements, a partial recording was made, giving a high correlation coefficient between the partial recording and total recording. When five measurement sites (12m, 11m, 33 d, 31 d, 41 m) were used, the correlation coefficient was 0.96, and a slight increase of the coefficient was obtained when using additional sites. © 1986 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Periodontal diseases
KW  - Periodontal index
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - female
KW  - histology
KW  - human
KW  - jaw
KW  - jaw disease
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - male
KW  - osteolysis
KW  - pathology
KW  - radiography
KW  - randomization
KW  - tooth
KW  - tooth root
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Alveolar Process
KW  - Bone Resorption
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Jaw Diseases
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Random Allocation
KW  - Tooth
KW  - Tooth Root
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :16
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AOSCA
C2  - 3461661
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Henrikson, C.O.; Department of Oral Radiology, Karolinska Institute, Box 4064, S-141 04, Huddinge, Sweden
N1  - References: Sheppard, I.M., Alveolar resorption in diabetes mellitus (1936) Dent Cosm, 78, pp. 1075-1079; 
Schei, O., Waerhaug, J., Lövdal, A., Arno, A., Alveolar bone loss as related to oral hygiene and age (1959) J Periodontol, 30, pp. 7-16; 
Engelberger, A., Rateitschak, K.H., Marthaler, T.M., Zur Messung des parodontalen Knochenschwundes (1963) Helv Odontol Acta, 7, pp. 34-38; 
Björn, H., Hailing, A., Thyberg, H., Radiographic assessment of marginal bone loss (1969) Odontol Rev, 20, pp. 165-179; 
Selikowitz, H.-S., Sheiham, A., Albert, D., Williams, G.M., Retrospective longitudinal study of the rate of alveolar bone loss in humans using bite-wing radiographs (1981) J Clin Periodontol, 8, pp. 431-438; 
Håkansson, J., (1978) Dental care habits, attitudes towards dental health and dental status among 20–60 year old individuals in Sweden, , [Thesis]Malmö; 
Håkansson, J., Björn, A.-L., Jonsson, B.G., Assessment of the proximal periodontal bone height from radiographs with partial reproduction of the teeth (1981) Swed Dent J, 5, pp. 147-153; 
Rohner, F., Cimasoni, G., Vuagnat, P., Longitudinal radiographical study on the rate of alveolar bone loss in patients of a dental school (1983) J Clin Periodontol, 10, pp. 643-651; 
Lavstedt, S., Eklund, G., Some factors of significance for proximal marginal bone loss studied on an epidemiological material (1975) Acta Odontol Scand, 33, pp. 50-89; 
Henrikson, C.O., Lavstedt, S., Precision and accuracy in intraoral roentgenological determination of proximal marginal bone loss (1975) Acta Odontol Scand, 33, pp. 26-49; 
Goodson, J.M., Haffajee, A.D., Socransky, S.S., The relationship between attachment level loss and alveolar bone loss (1984) J Clin Periodontol, 11, pp. 348-359; 
Wheeler, R.C., (1958) A textbook of dental anatomy and physiology, , 3rd ed. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia; 
Reed, B.E., Poison, A.M., Relationships between bitewing and periapical radiographs in assessing crestal alveolar bone levels (1984) J Periodontol, 55, pp. 22-27; 
Greene, J.C., Vermillion, J.R., The simplified oral hygiene index (1964) J Am Dent Assoc, 68, pp. 25-31; 
McHugh, W.D., McEwen, J.D., Hitchin, A.D., Dental disease and related factors in 13-year-old children in Dundee (1964) Br Dent J, 117, pp. 253-264; 
Marthaler, T.M., Engelberger, B., Rateitschak, K.H., Bone loss in Ramfjord's index: substitution of selected teeth (1971) Helv Odontol Acta, 15, pp. 121-126; 
Lavstedt, S., Eklund, G., Henrikson, C.O., Partial re-rording in conjunction with roentgenologic assessment of proximal marginal bone loss (1975) Acta Odontol Scand, 33, pp. 88-111
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022726652&doi=10.3109%2f00016358609026567&partnerID=40&md5=9d9500ac2ee5c1d87a05624faedb6b3b
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Proximal alveolar bone loss in a longitudinal radiographic investigation: IV. Smoking and some other factors influencing the progress in individuals with at least 20 remaining teeth
T2  - Acta Odontologica Scandinavica
J2  - Acta Odontol. Scand.
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
SP  - 263
EP  - 269
PY  - 1986
DO  - 10.3109/00016358609004732
SN  - 00016357 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bolin, A.
AU  - Lavstedt, S.
AU  - Frithiof, L.
AU  - Henrikson, C.O.
AD  - Departments of Oral Radiology and Periodontology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - In Sweden people in all age groups now have more remaining teeth than previously. An investigation has been made to identify some predictors of alveolar bone loss in a 10-year period in subjects with at least 20 remaining teeth. The material consisted of 349 individuals, examined radiographically, clinically, and by interview in 1970 and in 1980. These subjects, born in 1904-1952, constituted a subgroup, with regard to remaining teeth, of an unselected sample of the population of the old county of Stockholm. In the unselected sample statistically significant predictors of alveolar bone loss found in a stepwise multiple regression analysis were 1) alveolar bone loss in 1970,2) age, 3) number of lost teeth, and 4) Russell's Periodontal Index (PI). In the subgroup the predictors were in the order 1) Russell's PI and 2) smoking. The prediction values (R2) of further variables were marginal. The analyses showed that there was an interaction between PI and smoking, implying that the effect of smoking on alveolar bone loss was increased in individuals with high PI values. Furthermore, a tendency was found for a dose-response effect of tobacco consumption. This tendency almost disappeared when controlling for PI. Epidemiology; periodontal disease; periodontal index; prognosis; radiography, dental; smoking. © 1986 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - edentulousness
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - jaw
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - male
KW  - osteolysis
KW  - pathology
KW  - periodontics
KW  - periodontitis
KW  - prognosis
KW  - radiography
KW  - smoking
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Alveolar Process
KW  - Bone Resorption
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Jaw, Edentulous, Partially
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Periodontal Index
KW  - Periodontitis
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Smoking
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :46
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AOSCA
C2  - 3468736
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Bolin, A.; Departments of Oral Radiology and Periodontology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
N1  - References: Bolin, A., Lavstedt, S., Henrikson, C.O., Proximal alveolar bone loss in a longitudinal radiographic investigation. III. Some predictors with a possible influence on the progress in an unselected material (1986) Acta Odontol Scand, 44, pp. 257-262; 
Lavstedt, S., Bolin, A., Henrikson, C.O., Jonsson, B., Tandtillstand och behov av tandv Srd hos en normal population. En longitudinell epidemilogisk studie (1982) Delegationen for social forskning. Rapport, 7; 
Hugoson, A., Koch, G., Thilander, H., Tandhäl-sotillståndet hos 1000 personer i åldrarna 3 till 70 år inom Jönköpings kommun (1974) Tandlakartid, 66, pp. 1284-1297; 
Arno, A., Schei, O., Lövdahl, A., Waerhaug, J., Alveolar bone loss as a function of tobacco consumption (1959) Acta Odontol Scand, 17, pp. 3-10; 
Lavstedt, S., Eklund, G., Some factors of significance for proximal marginal bone loss studied on an epidemiological material (1975) Acta Odontol Scand, pp. 50-89; 
Ismail, A.J., Burt, B.A., Eklund, S.A., Epidemiologic patterns of smoking and periodontal disease in the United States (1983) J Am Dent Assoc, 106, pp. 617-623; 
Lavstedt, S., Bolin, A., Henrikson, C.O., Proximal alveolar bone loss in a longitudinal radiographical investigation. II. A 10-year follow-up study of an epidemiological material (1986) Acta Odontol Scand, 44, pp. 199-205; 
Pindborg, J.J., Tobacco and gingivitis (1947) J Dent Res, 26, pp. 261-264; 
Greene, J.C., Vermillion, Jr., The simplified oral hygiene index (1964) J Am Dent Assoc, 68, pp. 25-31; 
Russell, A.L., A system of classification and scoring for prevalence surveys of periodontal disease (1956) J Dent Res, 35, pp. 350-359; 
Lavstedt, S., Bolin, A., Henrikson, C.O., Carstensen, J., Proximal alveolar bone loss in a longitudinal radiographical investigation. I. Methods of measurement and partial recording (1986) Acta Odontol Scand, 44, pp. 149-157; 
Preber, H., Kant, T., Effect of tobacco-smoking on periodontal tissue of 15-year-old schoolchildren. A clinical and radiographical study (1973) J Periodont Res, 8, pp. 278-283; 
Preber, H., Kant, T., Bergstrom, J., Cigarette smoking, oral hygiene and periodontal health in Swedish army conscripts (1980) J Clin Periodontol, 7, pp. 106-113; 
Swenson, H.M., The effect of cigarette smoking on plaque formation (1979) J Periodontol, 50, pp. 146-147; 
Bergström, J., Short-term investigation on the influence of cigarette smoking upon plaque accumulation (1981) Scand J Dent Res, 89, pp. 235-238
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022803375&doi=10.3109%2f00016358609004732&partnerID=40&md5=f7df707fa9d0aeef2a7747be0d768bde
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Changes of recollected menarcheal age and month among women in Tokyo over a period of 90 years
T2  - Annals of Human Biology
J2  - Ann. Hum. Biol.
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
SP  - 547
EP  - 554
PY  - 1986
DO  - 10.1080/03014468600008721
SN  - 03014460 (ISSN) 
AU  - Nakamura, I.
AU  - Shimura, M.
AU  - Nonaka, K.
AU  - Miura, T.
AD  - Department of Hygiene, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
AD  - National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kagoshima 891, Japan
AB  - Data on the recollected age at menarche of 47 881 women born between 1881 and 1970 were examined. The mean menarcheal age had changed from 15.1 years in those born up to 1900 to 12.5 years in those born during the 1960s. The age at menarche differed according to the month of birth, and the pattern of average age distribution by month of birth was not the same when the year of birth was different. Among women born before 1955 the menarcheal age was earlier in those born in the summer. However, among women born after 1955, menarche occurred later when they were born in the summer. The monthly distribution of menarche had also changed during this 90-year period. Two peaks in April and August were prominent among those born up to 1960. A third peak in January became also apparent in those born after 1960. © 1986 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - age
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - japan
KW  - menarche
KW  - normal human
KW  - normal value
KW  - social aspect
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Asia
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Eastern Asia
KW  - Japan
KW  - Menarche--changes
KW  - Menstruation
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Reproduction
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Studies
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Child
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Menarche
KW  - Seasons
KW  - Tokyo
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :14
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AHUBB
C2  - 3827200
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Nakamura, I.; Department of Hygiene, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
N1  - References: Bojlén, K., Bentzon, M.W., Seasonal variation in the occurrence of menarche in Copenhagen girls (1971) Human Biology, 43, pp. 493-501; 
Bojlén, K., Bentzon, M.W., Seasonal variation in the occurrence of menarche (1974) Danish Medical Bulletin, 21, pp. 161-168; 
Brucefors, A., A note on the accuracy of recalled age at menarche (1976) Annals of Human Biology, 3, pp. 71-73; 
Brundtland, G.H., Liestøl, K., Seasonal variations in menarche in Oslo (1982) Annals of Human Biology, 9, pp. 35-43; 
Burrel, R.J.W., Healy, M.J.R., Tanner, J.M., Age at menarche in South African Bantu schoolgirls living in the Transkei Reserve (1961) Human Biology, 33, pp. 250-261; 
Clegg, E.J., Secular changes in age at menarche and adult stature in Hebridean women (1980) Journal of Biosocial Science, 12, pp. 83-91; 
Damon, A., Bajema, C.J., Age at menarche: accuracy of recall after thirty-nine years (1974) Human Biology, 46, pp. 381-384; 
Farid-Coupal, N., Contreras, M.L., Castellano, H.M., The age at menarche in Carabobo, Venezuela with a note on the secular trend (1981) Annals of Human Biology, 8, pp. 283-288; 
Goodman, M.J., Secular changes in recalled age at menarche (letter to the editor) (1983) Annals of Human Biology, 10, p. 585; 
Grimm, H., Über jahreszeitliche Schwankungen im Eintritt der Menarche (1952) Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie, 74, pp. 1577-1581; 
Hajn, V., Menarche bei Frauen aus Olomouc (Tschechoslowakei) (1983) Anthropologie, 21, pp. 83-90; 
Hoshi, H., Kouchi, M., Secular trend of the age at menarche of Japanese girls with special regard to the secular acceleration of the age at peak height velocity (1981) Human Biology, 53, pp. 593-598; 
Liestøl, K., Social conditions and menarcheal age: the importance of early years of life (1982) Annals of Human Biology, 9, pp. 521-537; 
Matsuyama, S., Statistical studies on menarche of Japanese and Korean women, especially on the influence of the season (1944) Minzoku Eisei, 12, pp. 197-210. , (in Japanese); 
Miura, T., Shimura, M., Nakamura, I., Jahreszeitliche Schwankungen von Menarche und Geburtsmonat in Japan (1979) Ärztliche Jugendkunde, 70, pp. 37-40; 
Moriyama, M., Kashiwazaki, H., Takemoto, T., Suzuki, T., A secular trend in age at menarche in Sendai city and its surroundings (1977) Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 123, pp. 393-394; 
Nagai, N., Matsumoto, K., Mino, T., Takeuchi, H., Takeda, S., The secular trends in the menarcheal age and the maximum growth age in height for Japanese schoolgirls (1980) Wakayama Medical Reports, 23, pp. 41-45; 
Oldstone, M.B.A., Rodriguez, M., Daughaday, W.H., Lampert, P., Viral perturbation of endocrine function: disordered cell function leads to disturbed homeostasis and disease (1984) Nature, 307, pp. 278-281; 
Richter, J., Deutet sich das Ende der Sexualakzeleration an? (1981) Zeitschrift für die gesamte Hygiene, 27, pp. 485-487; 
Shimura, M., Miura, T., Säkularer Wandel in der Saison-Verteilung der Menarche in Tokio (1980) Ärztliche Jugendkunde, 71, pp. 365-368; 
Shimura, M., Miura, T., Menarchealter und Geburtsmonat in Japan (1981) Ärztliche Jugendkunde, 72, pp. 8-13; 
Simell, G., Uber das Menarchealter in Finnland (1952) Acta paediatrica, 84, pp. 7-82. , (Supplement); 
Tanner, J.M., (1962) Growth and Adolescence 2nd edition, pp. 152-155. , Blackwell Scientific Oxford; 
Tanner, J.M., Trend towards earlier menarche in London, Oslo, Copenhagen, the Netherlands and Hungary (1973) Nature, 243, pp. 95-96; 
Valsík, J.A., The seasonal rhythm of menarche; a review (1965) Human Biology, 37, pp. 75-90; 
van Wiergingen, J.C., Secular growth changes (1978) Postnatal Growth, 2. , Eds. F. Falkner, J.M. Tanner Plenum Press New York, London In Human Growth; 
Wyshak, G., Frisch, R.E., Evidence for a secular trend in age of menarche (1982) New England Journal of Medicine, 306, pp. 1033-1035
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022901772&doi=10.1080%2f03014468600008721&partnerID=40&md5=ff231eb32e2d55ab7cf28e70b0ffd478
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Growth curve and age of maximum increment in mean height for Koreans
T2  - Japanese Journal of Hygiene
J2  - JPN. J. HYG.
VL  - 40
IS  - 3
SP  - 659
EP  - 665
PY  - 1985
SN  - 00215082 (ISSN) 
AU  - Jwa, S.I.
AU  - Mino, T.
AU  - Konishi, H.
AU  - Matsumoto, K.
AU  - Takeda, S.
AD  - Department of Hygiene, Wakayama Medical College, Wakayama, Japan
AB  - The Annual Report of Statistics on Education, published yearly by the Korean Government, provides data on the mean height of Korean children at ages 6-17 from 1962 to 1983. By converting the annual cross-sectional data into birth-year cohorts to obtain the growth curve and annual height increments at each cohort, an attempt was made to clarify the recent acceleration of growth among Korean children. The results were as follows: The 1967 cohort of boys, i.e. boys born in 1967, indicated that the age of maximum increment in mean height (MI age) was 13.21 years of age and the 1970 cohort of girls was 10.50 years of age. Their adolescent growth levels were almost the same as the levels for Japanese born in the same period. The 1949-1962 cohorts of both sexes indicated that annual height increments had two modes at 12 and 15 years of age, i.e. bimodality. The ages corresponding to these two modes fall on the points immediately after going on to junior or senior high school, and there were statistically negative correlations between annual increments at these ages and the ratio of students going on to high schools. In the cohorts in which the said ratio was relatively lower, those who entered the upper schools were inclined to be superior to non-high school students in height. It is, therefore, considered that the specific bimodality of annual height increments resulted from the said tendency, that is, from abnormally large increments due to the quality of population size. Our method of calculation computed out the MI age of the cohorts (for boys born in 1965, girls in 1966 and after) showing unimodality. On the other hand, the MI age of the cohorts which showed bimodality was worked out from the estimated value on which the height growth after junior high school in Korea was presumed by actually observing height growth for the whole six years of primary school. It was assumed that the height growth of Koreans follows almost the same growth curve as that of Japanese. The actual change of MI age was found to be in agreement with the logistic curve and a striking lowering. The acceleration of growth in Korea indicated a delay of 20-21 years when compared with Japan, and an acceleration rate was 1.3-1.4 times faster than Japan.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - body height
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - ethnic or racial aspects
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - growth
KW  - growth curve
KW  - growth retardation
KW  - human
KW  - japan
KW  - methodology
KW  - normal human
KW  - school child
KW  - sex difference
KW  - short survey
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Asian Continental Ancestry Group
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Child
KW  - Growth
KW  - Humans
KW  - Japan
KW  - Korea
N1  - Cited By :2
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: NEZAA
C2  - 4068321
LA  - Japanese
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022260825&partnerID=40&md5=2e832e74b2ce0ab35fd655b680048e30
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Does delayed onset of regular respiration matter?
T2  - Health Visitor
J2  - HEALTH VISIT.
VL  - 58
IS  - 9
SP  - 255
EP  - 256
PY  - 1985
SN  - 00179140 (ISSN) 
AU  - Peters, T.
AU  - Harragin, R.
AU  - Golding, J.
AD  - Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
AB  - Factors associated with delayed respiration at birth and the subsequent effects of delayed respiration on development are considered, using the British Birth 1970 Survey and information about surviving children at five years of age.
KW  - asphyxia
KW  - birth
KW  - breathing
KW  - central nervous system
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - newborn
KW  - prognosis
KW  - respiratory system
KW  - survival
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: HEVIA
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022256826&partnerID=40&md5=74262442f64f4ebfcbfbcac8c74924d3
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Another look at the pill and breast cancer
T2  - Lancet
J2  - LANCET
VL  - 2
IS  - 8462
SP  - 985
EP  - 987
PY  - 1985
SN  - 01406736 (ISSN) 
AB  - A large case-control study conducted in the USA (the CASH study) presents evidence that early use of oral contraceptives (OCs) is not associated with any subsequent change in the risk of breast cancer in women up to 45 years of age. There is a danger of accepting comfortable results on OCs and breast cancer before we can be certain that there is no effect. If all epidemiological studies had been negative, then the temptation now would be to conclude that the pill has no effect on breast cancer risk. But as long ago as 1981 the cohort study of the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) indicated that among women under 35 years old at diagnosis there was a threefold increased risk of breast cancer, of borderline statistical significance, associated with everuse of the pill. This was dismissed as a chance finding at the time. Of the two large British cohort studies this was the only one to recruit very young women at some risk of long-term exposure before their first pregnancy. At the very least, we must await the updated analysis of this study before final acceptance of the CASH verdict. Investigators should specifically investigate and report on the estimated effects associated with early long-term use of OCs, categorised by the interval between exposure and diagnosis of breast cancer. Considerations of the effect of particular oestrogens and progestagens at particular times of a woman's life lead to quite another dimension of uncertainty, and it is to be hoped that the current epidemiological studies will throw some light on this confused area and emerge with concrete information on the biology of this enigmatic disease. The evidence might be useful for the prevention of breast cancer as well as for safe contraception.
This article presents a critical review of the contradictory findings of studies on the link between oral contraceptive (OC) use and breast cancer risk. The most recent of these studies, a large case-control study conducted in the US (the CASH study), found no change in the risk of breast cancer in OC users up to 45 years of age. This finding contrasts with Pike et al's conclusion that longterm use of OCs at a young age is associated with a substantial increase in breast cancer risk up to age 37 years. Further conclusions must await more epidemiologic investigation, mainly case-control studies. It is possible that a latent period is involved. It may be, for example, that 4 or more years of OC use before 25 years of age multiplies the risk of breast cancer by 3, but only after 10 years. If this is the case, the overall results of all epidemiologic studies that include young cases of breast cancer will underestimate any real effect of the longterm risk of early OC use. The precision and accuracy of such studies will improve steadily throughout the 1980s as the proportion of cases of breast cancer under the age of 45 years attributable to OC use increases. Moreover, there is some evidence that OC use among young women in the US lags 5 years behind that in the UK. The observation in the CASH study of risk only among the 20-24-year age group is not consistent unless longterm use among the young is such a recent practice that women over 25 years of age were not commonly exposed. In the future, investigators should specifically explore and report on the estimated effects associated with early longterm use of OCs, categorized by the interval between exposure and diagnosis of breast cancer. Finally, it is hoped that considerations of the effect of particular estrogens and progestagens at particular times of a woman's life will be made. Such evidence has potential for the prevention of breast cancer as well as for safe contraception.
KW  - estrogen
KW  - gestagen
KW  - oral contraceptive agent
KW  - adverse drug reaction
KW  - age
KW  - breast
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - cancer risk
KW  - chemical carcinogenesis
KW  - drug mixture
KW  - drug therapy
KW  - editorial
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - human
KW  - oral drug administration
KW  - priority journal
KW  - therapy
KW  - united states
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Americas
KW  - Breast Cancer
KW  - Cancer
KW  - Contraception--side effects
KW  - Contraceptive Agents, Female--side effects
KW  - Contraceptive Agents--side effects
KW  - Contraceptive Methods--side effects
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Diseases
KW  - Family Planning
KW  - Literature Review
KW  - Neoplasms
KW  - North America
KW  - Northern America
KW  - Oral Contraceptives--side effects
KW  - Population
KW  - Population At Risk
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - United States
KW  - Adult
KW  - Breast Neoplasms
KW  - Contraceptives, Oral
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Risk
N1  - Cited By :20
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Editorial
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: LANCA
C2  - 2865505
LA  - English
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Contraceptives, Oral
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022360334&partnerID=40&md5=39ba8f8e4792f360d35ce3060f9ee293
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Congenital rubella in the United Kingdom before 1970: the prevaccine era.
T2  - Reviews of Infectious Diseases
J2  - Rev Infect Dis
VL  - 7 Suppl 1
SP  - S11
EP  - 16
PY  - 1985
SN  - 01620886 (ISSN) 
AU  - Peckham, C.
AB  - Congenital rubella in England and Wales before the introduction of rubella vaccine is described. Data are derived from selected hospital studies of children with congenital rubella and on prospective follow-up studies of women infected with rubella during pregnancy. Estimates based on epidemiologic studies suggest that rubella accounted for 15% of the cases of sensorineural deafness in children and for 2% of congenital heart defects. From this information it can be calculated that in England and Wales 200-300 babies would have been born with serious defects due to congenital rubella infection each year, in the absence of an epidemic, if rubella vaccination had not been introduced. The importance of continued surveillance of congenital rubella defects and terminations of pregnancy because of rubella infection is stressed.
KW  - rubella vaccine
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - congenital heart malformation
KW  - female
KW  - follow up
KW  - hearing impairment
KW  - human
KW  - induced abortion
KW  - newborn
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - pregnancy complication
KW  - preschool child
KW  - prospective study
KW  - rubella
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Abortion, Induced
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Deafness
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Heart Defects, Congenital
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Rubella
KW  - Rubella Vaccine
N1  - Cited By :36
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 4001719
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Peckham, C.
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Rubella Vaccine
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022037013&partnerID=40&md5=b66fc46db1ae41ee4d9d753a5799aa77
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - "International cooperation in cancer research" research on radiation carcinogenicity
T2  - Japanese Journal of Cancer and Chemotherapy
J2  - Gan To Kagaku Ryoho
VL  - 12
IS  - 3 Pt 2
SP  - 585
EP  - 588
PY  - 1985
SN  - 03850684 (ISSN) 
AU  - Kato, H.
AB  - Since it is impossible to estimate radiation carcinogenesis in man, particularly its type and the magnitude of risk, from data obtained from animal experiments, it is necessary to conduct studies directly using epidemiological data on human populations. In addition to A-bomb survivors, populations subject to occupational exposure and medical exposure are considered as samples for epidemiological study of radiation carcinogenesis. With regard to A-bomb survivors, the Japanese National Institute of Health and the Atomic Bomb Causality Commission (ABCC) of the U.S. initiated joint programs in 1947, two years after the bombings, and they have energetically engaged in research activities since then. Especially after 1950 a fixed population of approximately 110,000 individuals, composed of A-bomb survivors and non-exposed subjects as controls, was established and a large-scale epidemiological prospective study has been conducted for a long-term follow-up of the population. In 1970 the JNIH-ABCC was reorganized as the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, a joint U.S.-Japan research organization, but the research programs have been continued. The results are often cited as the most reliable data available in the reports of both the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR report) and the U.S. Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR report), and are also regarded as important data in the calculation of permissible dose (dose limit) by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Scientists from various countries other than the U.S., such as the United Kingdom, Israel, the People's Republic of China and Indonesia in the capacity of visiting research fellows have engaged in collaborative studies in the fields of epidemiology, immunology, cytogenetics and pathology at the REF Recently a British biostatistician, engaged in an analysis of the follow-up study for a fixed population of approximately 20,000 individuals who underwent radiotherapy for ankylosing spondylitis in the United Kingdom, joined the Foundation to make a comparative study of research data concerning a fixed population of A-bomb survivors, especially the mortality rate from cancer, using the same analytical method as that employed in England and confirmed that the developmental pattern of radiation-induced cancer is almost the same in the two populations. This is one typical example of the collaborative studies being carried out. At present, reassessment of radiation dosimetry, which provides a basis for risk estimation, is being conducted with the cooperation of radiation physicists in U.S. and Japan.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
KW  - article
KW  - atomic warfare
KW  - human
KW  - international cooperation
KW  - Japan
KW  - maximum allowable concentration
KW  - radiation injury
KW  - research
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Human
KW  - International Cooperation
KW  - Japan
KW  - Maximum Allowable Concentration
KW  - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced
KW  - Nuclear Warfare
KW  - Research
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 3985633
LA  - Japanese
N1  - Correspondence Address: Kato, H.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022038904&partnerID=40&md5=77c85d298dd0fb3fe15e632056e975fa
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Spectacle prescribing among 10-year-old children
T2  - British Journal of Ophthalmology
J2  - Br. J. Ophthalmol.
VL  - 69
IS  - 12
SP  - 874
EP  - 880
PY  - 1985
DO  - 10.1136/bjo.69.12.874
SN  - 00071161 (ISSN) 
AU  - Stewart-Brown, S.
AD  - Department of Child Healthy, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
AB  - Between 10 and 12% of the 10-year-old children in the 1970 national birth cohort were prescribed a pair of spectacles. One-fifth of these childen had no impairment of visual acuity and a further 15-20% had only minimal visual defects. Only two-thirds of children with spectacles could produce them when asked to do so at the survey. school medical examination; this was particularly common among those in the lower social classes and among children who had no detectable impairment. The information presented in this paper combined with that from earlier national birth cohort studies suggests that overprescribing of spectacles to school children is very common. The financial implications of this overprescribing are discussed.
KW  - child
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - priority journal
KW  - refraction
KW  - school child
KW  - spectacles
KW  - therapy
KW  - visual acuity
KW  - visual system
KW  - Child
KW  - Eyeglasses
KW  - Female
KW  - Headache
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
KW  - Vision Disorders
KW  - Visual Acuity
PB  - BMJ Publishing Group
N1  - Cited By :11
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJOPA
C2  - 4084477
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Stewart-Brown, S.; Department of Community Medicine, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol BS10 5NB, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022407858&doi=10.1136%2fbjo.69.12.874&partnerID=40&md5=ad0afc0b37c2c028d322d479bc6c9ea8
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Visual acuity in a national sample of 10 year old children
T2  - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
J2  - J. EPIDEMIOL. COMMUNITY HEALTH
VL  - 39
IS  - 2
SP  - 107
EP  - 112
PY  - 1985
DO  - 10.1136/jech.39.2.107
SN  - 0143005X (ISSN) 
AU  - Stewart-Brown, S.
AU  - Butler, N.
AD  - Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
AB  - The prevalence of defects of visual acuity among the 10 year old children in the 1970 birth cohort was 22.1%, but only in one third of these children was the defect more severe than 6/9. Defects were more common among girls. The relation of defects to social class was complex. Comparison with data collected on the children of the 1958 cohort when they were 11 years old suggests that although the prevalence of 6/9 visual acuity has remained constant over the last decade, the prevalence of more severe defects has declined from 12.9% to 7.3%. These findings have a number of implications for the provision of screening programmes and of ophthalmic services for children.
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - human
KW  - maturity
KW  - methodology
KW  - morbidity
KW  - normal human
KW  - priority journal
KW  - school child
KW  - screening
KW  - sex difference
KW  - short survey
KW  - social aspect
KW  - social class
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - visual acuity
KW  - visual impairment
KW  - visual system
N1  - Cited By :15
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JECHD
C2  - 4009094
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021873252&doi=10.1136%2fjech.39.2.107&partnerID=40&md5=352f2c6ef2e160591d9b3ded2b72fe7b
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Social class mortality differentials: artefact, selection or life circumstances?
T2  - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
J2  - J. EPIDEMIOL. COMMUNITY HEALTH
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PY  - 1985
DO  - 10.1136/jech.39.1.1
SN  - 0143005X (ISSN) 
AU  - Fox, A.J.
AU  - Goldblatt, P.O.
AU  - Jones, D.R.
AD  - Social Statistics Research Unit, The City University, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB, United Kingdom
AB  - Data from 10 years follow up of mortality in the OPCS Longitudinal Study are used to relate deaths of men in 1976-81 to their social class as recorded by the 1971 census. Explanations of social class mortality differentials are critically reviewed in the light of these new data. The similarity between the class differentials observed for men aged 15-64 years in this study and those reported in the 1970-2 Decennial Supplement on Occupational Mortality indicate that the published gradients were not in fact grossly distorted by numerator denominator biases. Distortions to gradients observed in the early years of the longitudinal study and ascribed to selective health related mobility out of employment from the principal social classes to the permanently sick had largely worn off after five years of follow up. Sharp gradients at ages over 75 years, similar to those at younger ages, suggest that, for men aged over 50 years, selective health related mobility between social classes does not contribute to differentials in mortality.
KW  - age
KW  - economic aspect
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - fatality
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - human
KW  - mortality
KW  - priority journal
KW  - short survey
KW  - social aspect
KW  - social class
KW  - United Kingdom
N1  - Cited By :179
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JECHD
C2  - 3989429
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021907645&doi=10.1136%2fjech.39.1.1&partnerID=40&md5=997f55a2e0b6c4441e90377f9f92fd49
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Head circumference charts updated
T2  - Archives of Disease in Childhood
J2  - Arch. Dis. Child.
VL  - 60
IS  - 10
SP  - 936
EP  - 939
PY  - 1985
DO  - 10.1136/adc.60.10.936
SN  - 00039888 (ISSN) 
AU  - Ounsted, M.
AU  - Moar, V.A.
AU  - Scott, A.
AD  - Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
AB  - Head circumference measurements from birth to 7 years, obtained from longitudinal data on children born between 1970 and 1977, are set against those from studies made in the United Kingdom earlier this century. A positive secular trend is shown. The children's heads were significantly larger than those born in the same locality 25 years earlier. Growth charts should be updated, as necessary, with each succeeding generation.
KW  - growth
KW  - growth curve
KW  - head circumference
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - preschool child
KW  - priority journal
KW  - school child
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Aging
KW  - Cephalometry
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Head
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Reference Values
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PB  - BMJ Publishing Group
N1  - Cited By :41
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ADCHA
C2  - 4062346
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Ounsted, M.; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0022342386&doi=10.1136%2fadc.60.10.936&partnerID=40&md5=a0e1841771640cb155d193a720a13507
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Genito-urinary tuberculosis in Glasgow 1970 to 1979: A review of 230 patients
T2  - Scottish Medical Journal
J2  - SCOTT. MED. J.
VL  - 30
IS  - 1
SP  - 30
EP  - 34
PY  - 1985
DO  - 10.1177/003693308503000107
SN  - 00369330 (ISSN) 
AU  - Ferrie, B.G.
AU  - Rundle, J.S.H.
AD  - Department of Urology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
AB  - Two hundred and thirty patients with genito-urinary tuberculosis presenting between 1970 and 1979 were reviewed. In 22 per cent there was a history of previous tuberculosis and a family history in 14 per cent. Night sweats and weight loss were uncommon. The mean duration of medical treatment was 17 months. Surgery was necessary in 49 per cent of patients but reconstructive procedures were only performed in 7 per cent of cases. The mean follow-up period after diagnosis was 46 months. Patients with initial renal calcification were followed-up for a similar time to those with no calcification. Complications during follow-up were no more common in those with initial renal calcification than in those without this feature. With the exception of 1971 and 1972, there was a steady incidence of 20 or so new cases of genito-urinary tuberculosis per year in Glasgow.
KW  - corticosteroid
KW  - ethambutol
KW  - isoniazid
KW  - rifampicin
KW  - streptomycin
KW  - clinical article
KW  - drug therapy
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - female genital system
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - human
KW  - incidence
KW  - male genital system
KW  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis
KW  - nervous system
KW  - priority journal
KW  - therapy
KW  - tuberculosis
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - urinary tract
KW  - urogenital tuberculosis
N1  - Cited By :13
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SMDJA
C2  - 3983618
LA  - English
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: ethambutol, 10054-05-4, 1070-11-7, 3577-94-4, 74-55-5; isoniazid, 54-85-3, 62229-51-0, 65979-32-0; rifampicin, 13292-46-1; streptomycin, 57-92-1
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021991841&doi=10.1177%2f003693308503000107&partnerID=40&md5=6d53ddce2ee203327e67d1943fad5835
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A long-term study of the clinical course in 186 patients
T2  - Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
J2  - Scand. J. Gastroenterol.
VL  - 20
IS  - 4
SP  - 516
EP  - 524
PY  - 1985
DO  - 10.3109/00365528509089690
SN  - 00365521 (ISSN) 
AU  - Krause, U.
AU  - Ejerblad, S.
AU  - Bergman, L.
AD  - Dept. of Surgery, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
AB  - A series of 186 patients treated for Crohn's disease during the period 1956 to 1968 has been followed up in 1970, 1975, and now in 1983. Among 173 patients operated on there were 89 recurrences (52% After a follow-up time >14 years (mean, 18 years) 'radical' resections at the first operation gave a lower recurrence rate (31% fewer reoperations, and a better quality of life compared with non-'radical' resections (recurrence rate, 83% The quality of life estimated for all patients alive in 1983, 152 patients, was good in 89%; 8.6% had moderate subjective symptoms, and 2.6% had pronounced subjective symptoms. With an increasing follow-up time there was no decrease in the patients' quality of life. Ileorectal anastomosis did not give very good results; proctocolectomy and ileostomy, however, gave good results. Regular investigation of all patients is of vital importance to give them a good quality of life. © 1985 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Clinical study
KW  - Crohn's disease
KW  - Enterocolitis
KW  - Regional
KW  - crohn disease
KW  - digestive system
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - life satisfaction
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - priority journal
KW  - small intestine
KW  - surgery
KW  - therapy
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Colectomy
KW  - Crohn Disease
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Ileostomy
KW  - Ileum
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Postoperative Complications
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Quality of Life
KW  - Rectum
KW  - Recurrence
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Time Factors
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :42
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SJGRA
C2  - 4023619
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Krause, U.; Dept. of Surgery, University Hospital, 5-757 85, Uppsala, Sweden
N1  - References: Krause, U., Bergman, L., Norlén, B.J., (1971) Scand J Gastroenterol, 6, pp. 97-108; 
Bergman, L., Krause, U., (1977) Scand J Gastroenterol, 12, pp. 937-944; 
Lockhart-Mummery, H.E., Morson, B.C., (1960) Gut, 1, pp. 87-94; 
Marshak, R.H., Lindner, A.E., (1972) Clin Gastroenterol, 1, pp. 411-432; 
Edwards, H.J., (1964) J Roy Coll Surg Edinb, 9, pp. 115-127; 
Goligher, J.C., (1975) Surgery of the anus, rectum and colon, , Bailliére Tindall, London; 
Goligher, J.C., (1980) Surgery of the anus, rectum and colon, , Bailltere Tindall, London; 
Hellberg, R., Hulten, L., Rosengren, C., Åhrén, C., (1980) Acta Chir Scand, 146, pp. 435-443; 
Fasth, S., Hellberg, R., Hultén, L., ÅAhrén, C., (1981) Acta Chir Scand, 147, pp. 569-576; 
Alexander-Williams, J., Fornaro, M., (1982) Chirurg, 53, pp. 799-801; 
Krause, U., (1978) Acta Chir Scand, 144, pp. 163-174; 
Colcock, B.P., Vansan, J.H., (1960) New Engl J Med, 262, pp. 435-439; 
Fasth, S., Hellberg, R., Hultén, L., Magnusson, O., (1980) Acta Chir Scand, 146, pp. 519-526; 
Krause, U., (1979) Z Gastroenterol, 17, pp. 171-178; 
Krause, U., (1982) Scand J Gastroenterol, 17, p. 96; 
Krause, U., (1984) Ital J Gastroenterol, , (in press); 
Truelove, S.C., Pena, S., (1976) Gut, 17-17, pp. 192-201; 
Prior, P., Fielding, J.S., Waterhouse, J.A., Cooke, W.T., (1970) Lancet, 1, pp. 1135-1137; 
Pennington, L., Hamilton, S.R., Bailess, T.M., Cameron, J.L., (1980) Ann Surg, 192, pp. 311-318; 
Lee, E.C.G., Papaioannou, N., (1980) Clin Gastroenterol, 9, pp. 419-425; 
Kåen, R., Serch-Hanssen, A., Thoresen, B.O., Hertz-Berg, J., (1981) Scand J Gastroenterol, 16, pp. 57-64; 
Nygaard, K., Fausa, O., (1977) Scand J Gastroenterol, 12, pp. 577-584; 
Wolff, B.G., Beart, R.W., Frydenberg, H.B., Weiland, L.H., Agrez, M.W., Ilstrup, D.M., (1983) Dis Colon Rectum, 26, pp. 230-243; 
Veidenheimer, M.C., Nugent, F.W., Haggitt, R.C., (1976) Surg Clin North Am, 56, pp. 721-725; 
Alexander-Williams, J., Buschmann, P., (1980) Clin Gastroenterol, 9, pp. 409-417; 
Veidenheimer, M.C., Dailey, T.H., Meissner, W.A., (1970) Am J Surg, 119, pp. 375-378; 
Aggett, P.J., Harries, J.T., (1979) Arch Dis Child, 54, pp. 909-917; 
Hallbo, S.T., Lanner, E., (1972) Lancet, 2, pp. 780-782; 
McClain, C., Soutor, C., Zieve, L., (1980) Gastroenterology, 78, pp. 272-279; 
Weismann, K., Hjort, N., Fischer, A., (1976) Clin Exp Dermatol, 1, pp. 237-242
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021802589&doi=10.3109%2f00365528509089690&partnerID=40&md5=2359fea0a072c288bbc9406ecd06bd44
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Prediction of cervical and low-back pain based on routine school health examinations a nine-to twelve-year follow-up study
T2  - Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care
J2  - Scand. J. Prim. Health Care
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
SP  - 247
EP  - 253
PY  - 1985
DO  - 10.3109/02813438509013957
SN  - 02813432 (ISSN) 
AU  - Hertzberg, A.
AD  - Kommunelege, Fargarveien 5, Røros, N-7460, Norway
AB  - The school health records of 302 persons from the village of Röros, Norway, were scrutinized concerning the notes made by the author when performing a routine school health examination of all the subjects, then aged 16, in the years 1970-73. The notes concerning assessment of posture, findings on muscle palpation, subjective complaints and decisions of therapeutic measures were recorded and classified. A follow-up study was made in 1982 by sending the subjects a questionnaire asking information on subjective complaints, health care consumption and incapacity due to cervical and low-back pain during the follow-up period of 9-12 years. Information was obtained from 98% of the material. The initial findings at the school health examination were considered as risk factors, and the reported morbidity during follow-up period as outcome measures. Morbidity from cervical and low-back pain in the groups with and without each risk factor was then compared. The results show that muscular tension in adolescence, especially in the neck and shoulders, is a significant risk factor for later excess morbidity from cervical pain. No consistent risk factor for lumbar pain was found. Cervical pain occurred more frequently in the females than in the males, while there was no difference between the sexes in the occurrence of lumbar pain. Lumbar pain tends to be somewhat more incapacitating than cervical pain. © 1985 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Backache
KW  - Cervicobrachial disorders
KW  - Headache
KW  - School health
KW  - cervicobrachial neuralgia
KW  - child
KW  - clinical article
KW  - etiology
KW  - headache
KW  - human
KW  - low back pain
KW  - muscle
KW  - musculoskeletal system
KW  - neck pain
KW  - school health service
KW  - sex difference
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Back Pain
KW  - Cervical Vertebrae
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Lumbar Vertebrae
KW  - Male
KW  - Medical Records
KW  - Muscle Contraction
KW  - Norway
KW  - Physical Examination
KW  - Risk
KW  - School Health Services
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Time Factors
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :63
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SJPCD
C2  - 2934780
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hertzberg, A.; Kommunelege, Fargarveien 5, Røros, N-7460, Norway
N1  - References: Johnsson, B., Postural faults in schoolchildren (1983) A physiotherapeutic approach, , Studentlitteratur, Lund; 
Willner, S., Spinal pantograph—a non-invasive technique for describing kyphosis and lordosis in the thoraco-lumbar spine (1981) Acta Orthop Scand, 52, pp. 525-529; 
Willner, S., Moiré topography—a method for school screening of scoliosis (1979) Arch Orthop Traumat Surg, 95, pp. 181-185; 
Giles, L.G., Taylor, J.R., Low-back pain associated with leg length inequality (1981) Spine, 6 (5), pp. 510-521; 
Rogala, E.J., Scoliosis: Incidence and natural history (1978) J Bone Joint Surg, 60-A (2), pp. 173-176; 
Dickson, R.A., School screening for scoliosis: Cohort study of clinical course (1980) Br Med J, ii, pp. 265-267; 
Leaver, J.M., Prescriptive screening for adolescent scoliosis: A review of the evidence (1982) Int J Epidemiol, 11 (2), pp. 101-111; 
Gyntelberg, F., One year incidence of low back pain among male residents of Copenhagen aged 40–59 (1974) Dan Med Bull, 21, pp. 130-136; 
Biering-Sørensen, F., A prospective study of low back pain in a general population (1983) Scand J Rehab Med, 15, pp. 71-79; 
Dullum, L.L., Goldschmidt, A., Undersøgelse af effekten af profylaktisk holdningsundervisning af skoleelever (1976) Ugeskr Læg, 138 (32), pp. 1929-1933; 
Friberg, O., Clinical symptoms and biomechanics of lumbar spine and hip joints in leg length inequality (1983) Spine, 8 (6), pp. 643-651
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Extent of partial laryngectomies
T2  - Acta Oto-Laryngologica
J2  - Acta Oto-Laryngol.
VL  - 99
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 224
EP  - 228
PY  - 1985
DO  - 10.3109/00016488509108901
SN  - 00016489 (ISSN) 
AU  - Krajina, Z.
AD  - ENT Department, Medical School of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
AB  - Clinical experience of laryngeal cancer gave a relatively better prognosis compared with cancer, in other locations in our field. Histological examinations of laryngeal cancer showed that in most of our cases the tumours had an even, microscopically localized growth. Serial sections in our cases confirmed this observation. In the period 1970-78, 52 combined procedures were made out of the frame of vertical or horizontal partial laryngectomy. In the follow-up of 6-14 years, only 6 patients died directly of the tumour. The analysis of our cases is reviewed. © 1985 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - clinical article
KW  - human
KW  - laryngectomy
KW  - larynx
KW  - larynx cancer
KW  - priority journal
KW  - therapy
KW  - Adult
KW  - Combined Modality Therapy
KW  - Constriction, Pathologic
KW  - Human
KW  - Laryngeal Diseases
KW  - Laryngeal Neoplasms
KW  - Laryngectomy
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Neoplasm Metastasis
KW  - Postoperative Complications
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AOLAA
C2  - 4013714
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Krajina, Z.; The ENT Department, Medical School of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
N1  - References: André, J., Traitement de cancers du larynx (1969) Cah Coll Med Hop (Paris), 10, p. 151; 
Billroth, T., Citguerrier, Y., La chirurgie conservatrice dans le traitement des cancers du vestibule larynge et du sinus piriforme (1972) Librairie Arnette (Paris); 
Gluck, T., Soerensen, J., The surgical treatment of cancer of the larynx (1912) Jahrl Årtzl Fortbld, 3, p. 20; 
Hautant, A., A propos du traitement du cancer du larynx (1929) Ann Mai Oreille, 48, p. 671; 
Krajina, Z., Konić, V., Zirdum, A., Histoloska analiza parcijalnih laringektomija. V siruĉno nauĉni sastanak ORL Jugoslavije (1978) Zbornik radova (Beograd), p. 269; 
Krajina, Z., Kosoković, F., Veĉerina, S., Laryngeal reconstruction with sternohyoid fascia in partial laryngectomy (1979) J Laryngol Otol, 93, p. 1181; 
Labayle, J., La chirurgie partielle du larynx, état actuel de la question (1970) Rev Laryng Otol Rhinol (Bôrd), 91, p. 495; 
Leroux-Robert, J., Indications et résultats après 5 ans de la chirurgie conservatrice fonctionelle des cancers du larynx et de hypopharynx (1961) VII Congres international d'ORL, , S. Karger, Basel, New York, Paris; 
Majer, F.H., Rieder, W., Technique de laryngectomie permettant de conserver la perméabilité respiratoire (1959) Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac, 76, p. 677; 
Miodonski, J., Enlarged hemilaryngectomy (1962) J Laryngol Otol, 76, p. 266; 
Ogura, J.H., Dedo, H.H., Glottic reconstruction following subtotal glottis-supraglottic laryngectomy (1965) Laryngoscope, 75, p. 865; 
Foederl Von Laurens, G., (1906) Chirurgie d'ORL, , Paris
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Aggregate Stability and Individual-Level Flux in Mass Belief Systems: The Level of Analysis Paradox
T2  - American Political Science Review
J2  - Am. Polit. Sci. Rev.
VL  - 79
IS  - 1
SP  - 97
EP  - 116
PY  - 1985
DO  - 10.2307/1956121
SN  - 00030554 (ISSN) 
AU  - Inglehart, R.
AD  - University of Michigan, United States
AB  - Converse's findings of low constraint and stability among mass attitudes are only one side of the story; mass attitudes often manifest much more coherent and stable patterns at the aggregate level than would seem possible if one took the results of panel survey analysis at face value. Items designed by Rokeach and Inglehart to tap basic value priorities, show modest individual-level stability, together with remarkably high aggregate stability structured in ways that could not occur if random answering were the prevailing pattern. Materialist/postmaterialist values show large differences between birth cohorts that not only persisted throughout 1970-1984 but seem to reflect distinctive formative experiences that occurred as much as 50 years ago. These aggregate results are much too skewed to result from equiprobable random answering and cannot be attributed to methods effects. They reflect underlying attitudinal predispositions in the respondents themselves. While random response to given items does play an important role, it is much less widespread than Converse's Black and White model implies and does not generally reflect an absence of relevant preferences. Structural equation analysis of multiple indicators demonstrates much stabler, broader orientations underlying the response to given items that account for the high aggregate-level stability observed here. Because it usually measures such orientations imperfectly, individual-level survey data tend systematically to underestimate constraint and stability in mass attitudes. © 1985, American Political Science Association. All rights reserved.
N1  - Cited By :99
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Inglehart, R.; University of MichiganUnited States
N1  - References: Abramson, P.R., Inglehart, R., (1984) Generational replacement and value change in six west European societies, , Presented at the Annual Meeting of the, American Political Science Association, Washington, D.C; 
Achen, C.H., Mass political attitudes and the survey response (1975) American Political Science Review, 69, pp. 1218-1231; 
Barnes, S.H., Kaase, M., (1979) Political action: Mass participation in five western democracies, , et al., Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage; 
Converse, P.E., Attitudes and non-attitudes: continuation of a dialogue (1970) The quantitative analysis of social problems, pp. 168-190. , Tufte E. R. (ed.), Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley; 
Converse, P.E., Comment: Rejoinder to Judd and Milburn (1980) American Political Science Review, 45, pp. 644-646; 
Converse, P.E., Comment: The status of nonattitudes (1974) American Political Science Review, 68, pp. 650-660; 
Converse, P.E., The nature of belief systems among mass publics (1964) Ideology and discontent, pp. 206-261. , Apter D. (ed.), New York: Free Press; 
Converse, P.E., Markus, G., Plus ca change … The new CPS election study panel (1979) American Political Science Review, 73, pp. 32-49; 
Converse, P.E., Pierce, R., Political representation in France, , Unpublished manuscript; 
Dalton, R.J., Was there a revolution? A note on generational versus life-cycle explanations of value differences (1977) Comparative Political Studies, 9, pp. 459-474; 
Dalton, R.J., The persistence of values and life-cycle changes (1981) Politische Psychologie, Sonderheft 12 of Politische Vierteljahresschrift, 22, pp. 189-207. , Klingemann H. D., et al., (Eds.); 
Erikson, R.S., Analyzing one variable-three wave panel data: A comparison of two models (1978) Political Methodology, 5, pp. 151-161; 
Inglehart, R., The changing structure of political cleavages in western society (1984) Electoral change: Realignment and dealignment in advanced industrial democracies, , Dalton R., et al., (Eds.), Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press; 
Inglehart, R., New perspectives on value change: Responses to Lafferty and Knutsen, Savage, Boltken, and Jagodzinski (1985) Comparative Political Studies, 17, pp. 485-530; 
Inglehart, R., Postmaterialism in an environment of insecurity (1981) American Political Science Review, 75, pp. 880-900; 
Inglehart, R., (1977) The silent revolution: Changing values and political styles among western publics, , Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press; 
Inglehart, R., The silent revolution in Europe: Intergenerational change in postindustrial societies (1971) American Political Science Review, 65, pp. 991-1017; 
Inglehart, R., Value priorities and socioeconomic change (1979) Political action, , Barnes S., Kaase M., et al., (Eds.), Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage; 
Inglehart, R., Hochstein, A., Alignment and dealignment of the electorate in France and the United States (1972) Comparative Political Studies, p. 4; 
Jackson, D.J., Alwin, D., The factor analysis of ipsative measures (1980) Sociological methods and research, 9, pp. 218-238; 
Jackson, J.E., The systematic beliefs of the mass public: estimating policy preferences with survey data (1983) Journal of Politics, 45, pp. 840-865; 
Judd, C.M., Krosnick, J., Milburn, M.A., Political involvement and attitude structure in the general public (1981) American Sociological Review, 46, pp. 660-669; 
Judd, C.M., Milburn, M.A., The structure of attitude systems in the general public: comparisons of a structural equation model (1980) American Sociological Review, 45, pp. 627-643; 
Kinder, D.R., Diversity and complexity in American public opinion (1983) Political science: The state of the discipline, pp. 389-428. , Finifter A.W., Washington, D.C.: American Political Science Association; 
Martin, S.S., New methods lead to familiar Results: A comment on Judd and Milburn, “The structure of attitude systems (1981) American Sociological Review, 46, pp. 670-675; 
Pierce, J.C., Rose, D., Nonattitudes and American public opinion: examination of a thesis (1974) American Political Science Review, 68, pp. 626-649; 
Putnam, R., Leonardi, R., Nanetti, R.V., Attitude stability among Italian elites (1979) American Journal of Political Science, 23, pp. 463-494; 
Rokeach, M., (1968) Beliefs, attitudes and values, , San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 
Rokeach, M., (1973) The nature of human values, , New York: Free Press; 
Stockton, R.R., Wayman, F.W., (1983) A time of turmoil: Values and voting in the 1970s, , East Lansing: Michigan State University Press; 
Stokes, D.E., Spatial models of party competition (1963) American Political Science Review, 57, pp. 368-377; 
Van Deth, J., The persistence of materialist and postmaterialist value orientations (1983) European Journal of Political Research, 11, pp. 63-79; 
Zajonc, R.B., Feeling and thinking: preferences need no inferences (1980) American Psychologist, 35, pp. 151-175; 
Zajonc, R.B., Markus, H., Affective and cognitive factors in preferences Journal of Consumer Research (in press); 
Zajonc, R.B., Pietromonaco, P., Bargh, J., Independence and interaction of affect and cognition (1982) Affect and Cognition, pp. 221-227. , Clark M. S. & Fiske S. T., (Eds.), Hillsdale, N.J.: Erlbaum Associates; 
(1979) Political action: An eight nation study (codebook), , Cologne: Zentralarchiv
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84973993464&doi=10.2307%2f1956121&partnerID=40&md5=0b27f98f54b7ccd1d047495b66fbce39
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Atopic dermatitis in a population based twin series. Concordance rates and heritability estimation
T2  - Acta Dermato-Venereologica
J2  - ACTA DERM.-VENEREOL.
VL  - 65
IS  - SUPPL. 114
SP  - 159
PY  - 1985
SN  - 00015555 (ISSN) 
AU  - Schultz-Larsen, F.V.
AU  - Holm, N.V.
AD  - Department of Dermatology, University of Odense, Odense, Denmark
AB  - We compiled all like sexed twin pairs (N = 592) of school-age in a geographically limited area of Denmark. A mailed questionnaire relating to atopic dermatitis resulted in a response rate of 0.98. A total of 88 twin individuals had answered either 'Yes' or 'Do not know' to the question of atopic dermatitis among the included responders. These questionnaire probands and their co-twins were clinically examined. A definite diagnosis of atopic dermatitis was made in 69 twins from 48 twin pairs (22 monozygotic twin pairs and 26 dizygotic twins). The zygosity diagnosis was determined by a system of 18 polymorphic genetic markers, which gives rise to a frequency of misclassification of less than 1.0%. The concordance rates of atopic dermatitis gave Pairwise concordance rate: monozygotic 0.77; dizygotic 0.15: Proband concordance rate: monozygotic 0.86; dizygotic 0.21 a statistically significant difference (8 < 0.001) between MZ and DZ twin pairs. The cumulative incidence rate (0-7 years) increased significantly from 0.03 (birth cohort 1960-64) to 0.10 for those born between 1970 and 1974. The computation of the genetic determination gave very high values, which indicates a strong genetic component.
KW  - atopic dermatitis
KW  - concordance
KW  - heredity
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - priority journal
KW  - twins
N1  - Cited By :12
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ADVEA
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021954778&partnerID=40&md5=63c330c9a9f6bdca746ea42dcd1b8d3b
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Why are more women working in Britain?
T2  - Journal of labor economics
J2  - J Labor Econ
VL  - 3
IS  - 1 Pt 2
SP  - S147
EP  - 176
PY  - 1985
SN  - 0734306X (ISSN) 
AU  - Joshi, H.E.
AU  - Layard, R.
AU  - Owen, S.J.
AB  - Using a pooled time series, cross section supply function for single year age groups of Britain women, it is determined that female labor force participation rose steadily from World War II to 1977. Until the 1970s, the main increase was among married women aged 35 and over. Possible explanations for the post World War II rise in female labor participation are: 1) part time jobs were more available to women, 2) the drop in real prices of domestic appliances, processed foods, and easy care fabrics reduced the time required to take care of a family, and 3) the effect of long term changes in the roles women see for themselves in life. Women's wages rose sharply between 1973 and 1975, by around 15%; this was due to the Equal Pay Act of 1970. In addition, the educational attainment of women relative to men was constant or declining for cohorts entering the labor force up to the 1960s. Age specific employment rates are explained by 3 kinds of variables: 1) those whose values change from year to year and are age specific--life cycle variables, 2) those whose values change from year to year but affect all ages equally--calendar time variables, and 3) those that differ between cohorts but do not change over the life cycle--cohort variables. Results show that: 1) each preschool child lowers participation by 35% each primary school child by 14% and each secondary school child by 7%; 2) the relative earnings of women are highest early in life, 3) age leads to a decline in participation at an increasing rate, and 4) vacancies registered at employment exchanges are more or less untrended between 1950 and 1974. Completed family size, education, and early unemployment and wartime work experience do not explain the strong trend in the coefficients on the cohort dummies; however, real wages do. In time series, men's wages and women's wages are highly correlated, and each is nearly as highly correlated with time. During the 1970s, the female/male ratio index in each industry rose by 4.5 percentage points, reflecting the vast expansion of service industries. There were also sharp increases in the proportion of women workers within each industry, in spite of the sharp rises in women's pay.
KW  - nuptiality
KW  - wage
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - developed country
KW  - Economic Factors
KW  - economics
KW  - employment
KW  - Employment Status
KW  - Europe
KW  - Family And Household
KW  - family size
KW  - fertility
KW  - health care manpower
KW  - health care planning
KW  - Human Resources--women
KW  - human rights
KW  - income
KW  - Labor Force--women
KW  - Macroeconomic Factors
KW  - marriage
KW  - Northern Europe
KW  - organization and management
KW  - personnel management
KW  - population and population related phenomena
KW  - Resources--women
KW  - social class
KW  - social status
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - time
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Women's Status
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Economic Factors
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Employment Status
KW  - England
KW  - Europe
KW  - Family And Household
KW  - Family Characteristics
KW  - Family Size
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Human Resources--women
KW  - Income
KW  - Labor Force--women
KW  - Macroeconomic Factors
KW  - Marital Status
KW  - Northern Europe
KW  - Nuptiality
KW  - Organization And Administration
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Resources--women
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Socioeconomic Status
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Wages
KW  - Women's Status
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Economics
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Employment
KW  - England
KW  - Europe
KW  - Family Characteristics
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Health Manpower
KW  - Health Resources
KW  - Income
KW  - Marital Status
KW  - Marriage
KW  - Organization and Administration
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Salaries and Fringe Benefits
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Women's Rights
N1  - Cited By :35
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 12267646
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Joshi, H.E.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021779094&partnerID=40&md5=bceff653288423c5ec3b2ae8c6b8cd72
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Time-series growth in the female labor force.
T2  - Journal of labor economics
J2  - J Labor Econ
VL  - 3
IS  - 1 Pt 2
SP  - S59
EP  - 90
PY  - 1985
SN  - 0734306X (ISSN) 
AU  - Smith, J.P.
AU  - Ward, M.P.
AB  - This paper investigates the reasons for the growth in the female labor force in the US during the 20th century. Female labor force participation rates increased by 50% from 1950 to 1970. Real wages have played a significant but hardly exclusive role both in the long term growth in female employment and in the more accelerated growth after 1950. At the beginning of this century, fewer than 1 woman in 5 was a member of the labor force; by 1981 more than 6 in 10 were. Increases in female participation were slightly larger among younger women during the 1970s; for the next 20 years the age shape tilted toward older women. For US women 25-34 years old, labor force participation rates have been rising by more than 2 percentage points per year. Closely intertwined with decisions regarding women's work are those involving marriage and family formation. 2 demographic factors that would play a part in subsequent developments are: nuclearization of the US family and urbanization. Time-series trends in education are observed because schooling affects female labor supply independently of any influence through wages; increased years of schooling across birth cohorts shows that an increase of 1.33 years of schooling increased labor participation by 6.9 percentage points during the pre-World War II era. The swing in marriage rates also affects timing, especially for younger women. Based on disaggregated time series data across the period 1950-1981, mean values at single years of age of labor supply, education, work experience, weekly wages, and fertility are determined. Profiles indicate that female labor supply varies considerably not only across cohorts but also over life cycles within birth cohorts. Results show that: 1) relative female wages defined over the work force were lower in 1980 than in 1950, 2) children, especially when young, reduce labor supply, 3) large negative elasticities are linked to female wages, and 4) with all fertility induced effects included, real wage growth explaines 58% of the postwar increase in female labor supply. Therefore, real wages do explain a considerable part of the postwar increases in female labor supply.
KW  - nuptiality
KW  - wage
KW  - article
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - demography
KW  - developed country
KW  - developing country
KW  - Economic Factors
KW  - economics
KW  - employment
KW  - fertility
KW  - health care manpower
KW  - health care planning
KW  - Human Resources--women
KW  - human rights
KW  - income
KW  - Labor Force--women
KW  - Macroeconomic Factors
KW  - marriage
KW  - North America
KW  - Northern America
KW  - organization and management
KW  - personnel management
KW  - Political Factors
KW  - politics
KW  - population
KW  - population dynamics
KW  - Resources--women
KW  - social class
KW  - social status
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - time
KW  - United States
KW  - war
KW  - Western Hemisphere
KW  - Women's Status
KW  - Americas
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Economic Factors
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Human Resources--women
KW  - Income
KW  - Labor Force--women
KW  - Macroeconomic Factors
KW  - Marital Status
KW  - North America
KW  - Northern America
KW  - Nuptiality
KW  - Organization And Administration
KW  - Political Factors
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Resources--women
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Socioeconomic Status
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - United States
KW  - Wages
KW  - War
KW  - Women's Status
KW  - Americas
KW  - Demography
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Economics
KW  - Educational Status
KW  - Employment
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Health Manpower
KW  - Health Resources
KW  - Income
KW  - Marital Status
KW  - Marriage
KW  - North America
KW  - Organization and Administration
KW  - Politics
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Salaries and Fringe Benefits
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Socioeconomic Factors
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - United States
KW  - War
KW  - Women's Rights
N1  - Cited By :87
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 12267653
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Smith, J.P.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021781770&partnerID=40&md5=f11eca88ace97da8cb4f037283a585ba
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Combined multiple-valve procedures factors influencing the early and late results
T2  - Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal
J2  - Scand. Cardiovasc. J.
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
SP  - 33
EP  - 37
PY  - 1985
DO  - 10.3109/14017438509102818
SN  - 14017431 (ISSN) 
AU  - Mattila, S.
AU  - Harjula, A.
AU  - Kupari, M.
AU  - Kyllönen, K.E.J.
AD  - Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, First Department of Medicine, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
AB  - The early and late results were retrospectively evaluated in 57 cases of double or triple valve replacement or repair performed in 1970-1983. The causes of the valvular lesions were rheumatic fever (43 cases), bacterial endocarditis (6), syphilis (1) and unknown (7 cases). The preoperative NYHA classification was III in 29 patients and IV in 28, due mainly to dyspnea of effort. Cardiomegaly (mean radiologic volume 880 cm3/m2) and atrial fibrillation were the dominant clinical findings. Surgery was on emergency indications in five cases. Cold cardioplegia combined with external cardiac cooling has been used for myocardial protection since 1977. The valve replacements were 56 aortic, 50 mitral and 2 tricuspid. In addition there were three closed and two open mitral commissurotomies, two mitral plastic repairs, three tricuspid valve anuloplasties (DeVega) and one aortic anuloplasty. Follow-up (0.3-13, mean 3.5 years) was supplemented with a check-up including two-dimensional echophonocardiography and hematologic tests. The operative mortality (10/57 patients) fell from 26% in 1970-1976 to 12% in 1977-1983. The causes of death were low cardiac output in preoperatively ill patients (5), myocardial infarction (2), technical failure (2) and sepsis (1 case). There were 11 late deaths (6.7/100 patient-years of observation), the commonest cause (5 patients) being congestive heart failure. The respective incidences of thromboembolism, paravalvular leak and postoperative endocarditis were 2.1, 4.2 and 2.1 episodes/100 patient-years. Atrial fibrillation, severe cardiomegaly with giant left atrium, and poor hemodynamic state were preoperative indicators of poor long-term survival. Reduced heart size and greatly improved exercise tolerance were the most pertinent findings in the survivors at follow-up examination. © 1985 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - adult
KW  - annuloplasty
KW  - cardiomegaly
KW  - cardiovascular system
KW  - clinical article
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - heart
KW  - heart atrium fibrillation
KW  - heart valve surgery
KW  - human
KW  - mortality
KW  - priority journal
KW  - therapy
KW  - thromboembolism
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aortic Valve
KW  - Blood Volume
KW  - Endocarditis
KW  - Equipment Failure
KW  - Evaluation Studies
KW  - Exertion
KW  - Female
KW  - Heart Valve Diseases
KW  - Heart Valve Prosthesis
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Mitral Valve
KW  - Postoperative Complications
KW  - Thromboembolism
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Tricuspid Valve
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :6
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SCJOF
C2  - 4012239
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Mattila, S.; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, First Department of Medicine, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
N1  - References: Björk, V.O., Henze, A., Ten years' experience with the Björk-Shiley tilting disc valve (1979) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 78, pp. 331-342; 
Carpentier, A., Deloche, A., Hanania, G., Forman, J., Sellier, P., Piwnica, A., Dubost, C., Surgical management of acquired tricuspid valve disease (1974) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 67, pp. 53-65; 
Cunha, C.L.P., Giuliani, E.R., Callahan, J.A., Pluth, J.R., Echophonocardiographic findings in patients with prosthetic heart valve malfunction (1980) Mayo Clin Proc, 55, pp. 231-242; 
Grondin, R., Meere, C., Limet, R., Lopez-Bescos, L., Delcan, J.-L., Rivera, R., Carpentier's annulus and DeVega's annuloplasty. The end of the tricuspid challenge (1975) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 70, pp. 852-861; 
Heck, H.A., Wright, C.B., Doty, D.B., Ro-Si, N.P., Ehrenhaft, J.L., Combined multiple-valve procedures: A five-year experience with 125 patients (1979) Ann Thor Surg, 27, pp. 320-327; 
Macmanus, Q., Grunkemeier, G., Stall, A., Late results of triple valve replacement: a 14-year review (1978) Ann Thor Surg, 25, pp. 402-406; 
Mattila, S., Harjula, A., Kullönen, K.E.J., Hårtel, G., Tala, P., Surgical intervention in cases of Ebstein's anomaly (1982) Scand J Thor Cardiovasc Surg, 16, pp. 223-227; 
Oyer, P.E., Stinson, E.B., Reitz, B.A., Miller, D.C., Rossiter, S.J., Shumway, N.E., Long-term evaluation of porcine xenograft bioprosthesis (1979) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 78, pp. 343-350; 
Rostad, H., Simonsen, S., Nitter-Hauge, S., Combined aortic and mitral valve replacement. A randomized study comparing the Björk-Shiley and Lillehei-Kaster disc valve (1979) Thorac Cardiovasc Surgeon, 27, pp. 308-318; 
Semb, B.K.H., Hall, K.V., Nitter-Hauge, S., Abdelnoor, M., A 5-year follow-up of the Medtronic-Hall valve: Survival and thromboembolism (1983) Thorac Cardiovasc Surgeon, 31, pp. 61-65
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021940013&doi=10.3109%2f14017438509102818&partnerID=40&md5=1cf20eff642682d207696456bfa482d7
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A longitudinal study of marijuana effects
T2  - Substance Use and Misuse
J2  - Subst. Use Misuse
VL  - 20
IS  - 5
SP  - 701
EP  - 711
PY  - 1985
DO  - 10.3109/10826088509044290
SN  - 10826084 (ISSN) 
AU  - Halikas, J.A.
AU  - Weller, R.A.
AU  - Morse, C.L.
AU  - Hoffmann, R.G.
AD  - Division of Alcoholism and Chemical Dependency, The Medical College of Wisconsin, United States
AD  - Kansas University Medical School, Kansas City, KS, United States
AD  - Division of Alcoholism and Chemical Dependency, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, United States
AD  - Division of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, United States
AB  - One hundred regular marijuana users volunteered to be extensively interviewed in 1968-1970, and 97 were located and reinterviewed 6 to 8 years later. As part of each interview the subjects filled out a checklist review of 105 effects of marijuana. This report focuses on the differential patterns of effects found at the two time intervals. Scores on groupings of items were examined for changes over time. Reports of sensory and hallucinatory items dropped substantially. Reports of appetite effects, sex effects, and intoxication effects on sleep remained stable. Reports of cognitive effects, mood effects, and aftereffects on sleep appeared to be shifting from desirable to undesirable, with the frequency of desirable effects dropping while frequency of undesirable effects remained the same. © 1985 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - cannabis
KW  - adverse drug reaction
KW  - central nervous system
KW  - clinical article
KW  - drug abuse
KW  - drug efficacy
KW  - education
KW  - human
KW  - inhalational drug administration
KW  - interview
KW  - physical performance
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - social aspect
KW  - social status
KW  - United States
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SUMIF
C2  - 4044081
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Halikas, J.A.; Division of Alcoholism and Chemical Dependency, The Medical College of Wisconsin, 9455 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, United States
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: cannabis, 8001-45-4, 8063-14-7
N1  - References: Abel, E.L., Marihuana, learning, and memory (1975) Int. Rev. Neurobiol., 18, pp. 215-219; 
Adamec, C., Pihl, R.O., Leiter, L., An analysis of the subjective marijuana experience (1976) Int. J. Addict., 11, pp. 295-307; 
Borg, J., Gershon, S., Alpert, M., Dose effects of smoked marijuana on human cognitive and motor functions (1975) Psychopharmacologia, 42, pp. 211-218; 
Casswell, S., Marks, D.F., Cannabis and temporal disintegration in experienced and naive subjects (1973) Science, 179, pp. 803-805; 
Halikas, J.A., Goodwin, D.W., Guze, S.B., Marijuana effects: A survey of regular users (1971) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 217, pp. 692-694; 
Halikas, J.A., Weller, R.A., Morse, C.L., Hoffman, R.G., Regular marijuana use and its effect on psychosocial variables: A longitudinal study (1983) Comp. Psychol., 24, pp. 229-235; 
(1982) Marijuana and Health, , National Academy Press, Washington, DC; 
Melges, F.T., Tinkleberg, J.R., Hollister, L.E., Gillespie, H.K., Marihuana and the temporal span of awareness (1971) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 24, pp. 564-567; 
Moskowitz, H., McGlothlin, W., Effects of marihuana on auditory signal detection (1974) Psychopharmacologia, 40, pp. 137-145; 
Pihl, R.O., Shea, D., Costa, L., Dimensions of the subjective marijuana experience (1979) Int. J. Addict., 14, pp. 63-71; 
Sinnet, E.R., Wampler, K.S., Harvey, W.M., Marijuana-A psychedelic drug (1974) Psychol. Rep., 34, pp. 47-53; 
Tart, C.T., Marijuana intoxication: Common experiences (1970) Nature, 226, pp. 701-704; 
Weller, R.A., Halikas, J.A., Change in effects from marijuana: A five to six-year follow-up (1982) J. Clin. Psychiatry, 43, pp. 362-365
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907117448&doi=10.3109%2f10826088509044290&partnerID=40&md5=457a612425c83a374523e92955568f49
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - CHANGES IN THE REPORTED PREVALENCE OF CHILDHOOD ECZEMA SINCE THE 1939-45 WAR
T2  - The Lancet
J2  - Lancet
VL  - 324
IS  - 8414
SP  - 1255
EP  - 1257
PY  - 1984
DO  - 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)92805-8
SN  - 01406736 (ISSN) 
AU  - Taylor, B.
AU  - Wadsworth, M.
AU  - Wadsworth, J.
AU  - Peckham, C.
AD  - Department of Child Health, University of Bristol; Department of Community Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdon
AD  - Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development, University of Bristol; and Department of Community Medicine and General Practice, Charing Cross Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdon
AB  - Rates of reported eczema during early childhood were studied in 3 national cohorts of children born in 1946, 1958, and 1970. Overall rates rose from 5·1% in children born in 1946, to 7·3% in those born in 1958, to 12·2% in the 1970 cohort. In the 1958 and 1970 cohorts there was a positive association between eczema and breastfeeding. This relationship remained significant after allowing for parental history of allergy and socioeconomic status. Social classes I and II children born in 1946 were less likely to be reported as having eczema, compared with children from lower social classes, whereas children born into higher social classes in 1958 and 1970 had higher rates. These findings may reflect secular changes in the diagnosis of eczema or may represent a real increase in the disorder. The positive association with breastfeeding in the more recent cohorts suggests a new environmental agent may be crossing in breast-milk. The agent(s) may well be in other infant foods, since the rate of reported eczema in non-breastfed children rose from 5·7% in the 1946 and 1958 cohorts to 11·1% of children born in 1970. © 1984.
KW  - breast
KW  - breast feeding
KW  - child
KW  - childhood
KW  - clinical article
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - economic aspect
KW  - eczema
KW  - human
KW  - nutrition
KW  - prevalence
KW  - priority journal
KW  - social aspect
KW  - socioeconomics
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Breast Feeding
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Eczema
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Hypersensitivity
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :269
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: LANCA
C2  - 6150286
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Taylor, B.
N1  - References: Taylor, Wadsworth, Golding, Butler, Breast feeding, eczema, asthma, and hayfever (1983) J Epidemiol Community Health, 37, pp. 95-99; 
Kramer, Moroz, Do breast feeding and delayed introduction to solid foods protect against subsequent atopic eczema (1981) J Pediatr, 98, pp. 546-550; 
Gordon, Noble, Ward, Allen, Immunoglobin E and the eczema/asthma syndrome in early childhood (1982) Lancet, 1, pp. 72-74; 
Cogswell, Alexander, Breast feeding and eczema/asthma (1982) Lancet, 1, p. 910; 
Joint Committee, (1948) Maternity in Great Britain, , Oxford University Press, Oxford; 
Atkins, Cherry, Douglas, Kiernan, Wadsworth, The 1946 British Birth Survey: An account ofthe origins, progress and results of the National Survey of Health and Development (1981) An empirical basis for primary prevention: Prospective longitudinal research in Europe, pp. 25-30. , Sa Mednick, Ae Baert, Oxford University Press, Oxford; 
Butler, Bonham, (1963) Perinatal mortality, , E and S Livingstone, Edinburgh; 
Butler, Alberman, (1969) Perinatal problems, , E and S Livingstone, Edinburgh; 
Fogelman, Wedge, The National Child Development Study (1981) An empirical basis for primary prevention: Prospective longitudinal research in Europe, pp. 30-43. , Sa Mednick, Ae Baert, Oxford University Press, Oxford; 
Taylor, Wadsworth, Butler, Teenage mothering, admission to hospital, and accidents during the first 5 years (1983) Arch Dis Child, 58, pp. 6-11; 
Chamberlain, Phillip, Howlett, Masters, (1975) British births 1970: Vol 1, The first week of life, , Heinemann, London; 
Chamberlain, Phillip, Howlett, Masters, (1978) British births 1970: Vol 2, Obstetric care, , Heinemann, London; 
Everitt, (1977) The analysis of contingency tables, , Chapman and Hall, London; 
Baker, Nelder, (1977) Generalised interactive modelling system, , Royal Statistical Society, London; 
Walker, Warin, The incidence of eczema in early childhood (1956) Br J Dermatol, 68, pp. 182-183; 
Arbeiter, How prevalent is allergy among United States school children (1967) Clin Pediatr, 6, pp. 140-142; 
Turner, Rosman, O'Mahony, Prevalence and family association of atopic disease and its relationship to serum IgE levels in 1061 school children and their families (1974) Int Arch Allergy, 47, pp. 650-664; 
Kjellman, Atopic disease in seven year old children (1977) Acta Paediatrica, 66, pp. 465-471; 
Fergusson, Horwood, Beatrais, Shannon, Taylor, Eczema and infant diet (1981) Clin Allergy, 11, pp. 325-331; 
Wadsworth, Social class and generation differences in pre-school education (1981) The British Journal of Sociology, 32, pp. 560-582; 
King, (1937) Feeding and care of baby, , Whitcombe and Tombs, Christchurch, 200; 
Liddiard, (1944) The mothercraft manual, , Churchill, London, 160; 
Spock, (1955) Baby and child care, , Bodley Head, London, 374; 
Golding, Butler, Taylor, Breastfeeding and eczema/asthma (1982) Lancet, 1, p. 623; 
Talbot, Eczema in childhood (1918) Med Clin N Amer, 1, pp. 985-996; 
Shannon, Demonstration of food proteins in breast milk by anaphylactic experiments in guinea pigs (1921) American Journal of Diseases of Children, 22, pp. 223-231; 
Gerrard, Allergy in breast-fed babies to ingredients in breast milk (1979) Ann Allergy, 42, pp. 69-72; 
Warner, Food allergy in fully breast-fed infants (1980) Clin Allergy, 10, pp. 133-136; 
Hofvander, Hagman, Linder, Vaz, Slorach, WHO collaborative breastfeeding study I. Organochlorine contaminants in individual samples of Swedish human milk, 1978-1979 (1981) Acta Paediatr Scand, 70, pp. 3-8
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021709228&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2884%2992805-8&partnerID=40&md5=2e34c115fc8e24ff8787d2c64b5b5f3d
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - APPARENT DOUBLING OF FREQUENCY OF UNDESCENDED TESTIS IN ENGLAND AND WALES IN 1962-81
T2  - The Lancet
J2  - Lancet
VL  - 324
IS  - 8398
SP  - 330
EP  - 332
PY  - 1984
DO  - 10.1016/S0140-6736(84)92697-7
SN  - 01406736 (ISSN) 
AU  - Chilvers, C.
AU  - Forman, D.
AU  - Pike, M.C.
AU  - Fogelman, K.
AU  - Wadsworth, M.E.J.
AD  - Section of Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
AD  - Imperial Cancer Research Fund Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Children's Bureau London, United Kingdon, Oxford
AD  - Medical Research Council's National Survey of Health and Development Bristol, United Kingdom
AB  - Examination of Hospital Inpatient Enquiry data for England and Wales for the years 1962-81 shows that the annual number of discharges with a diagnosis of undescended testicle has risen by a factor of 2·3. Cohort analysis suggests that the cumulative rate to age 15 of discharge for undescended testis has risen from 1·4% for the 1952 birth-cohort to 2·9% for the 1977 birth-cohort. Whether this is a reflection of an increase in true cryptorchidism is not known. Changes in known risk factors for cryptorchidism-exogenous oestrogen exposure, being first-born, and low birth-weight-cannot fully account for the apparent increase. With the tendency to carry out orchidopexies on apparently undescended testes at younger ages in order to preserve fertility, it is possible that a considerable number of boys with retractile testes that would have descended naturally at puberty are now being operated upon. © 1984.
KW  - classification
KW  - congenital disorder
KW  - cryptorchism
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - human
KW  - male genital system
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Cryptorchidism
KW  - England
KW  - Humans
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Male
KW  - Wales
N1  - Cited By :174
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: LANCA
C2  - 6146873
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Chilvers, C.; Section of Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Swerdlow, Wood, Smith, A case-control study of the aetiology of cryptorchidism (1983) J Epidemiol Community Health, 37, pp. 238-244; 
Scorer, The descent of the testis (1964) Arch Dis Child, 39, pp. 605-609; 
Mengel, Zimmerman, Hecker, Timing of repair for undescended testes (1981) The undescended testis., pp. 170-183. , Ew Fonkalsrud, W. Mengel, Year Book Medical Publishers Inc, London; 
Spitz, Maldescent of the testis (1983) Arch Dis Child, 58, pp. 847-848; 
Department of Health and Social Security, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Welsh Office, (1977) Hospital inpatient enquiry, , HM Stationery Office, London, Series MB4: No 1 et seq; 
Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, (1984) Final mid-1981 and revised mid-1961 to mid-1980 population estimates for England and Wales, , OPCS Monitor PP1 84/1. London; 
Case, Cohort analysis of mortality rates as an historical or narrative technique (1956) Br J Prev Soc Med, 10, pp. 159-171; 
Atkins, Cherry, Douglas, Kiernan, Wadsworth, The 1946 British birth cohort survey: an account of the origins, progress and results of the national survey of health and development (1980) An empirical basis for primary prevention: Prospective longitudinal research in Europe., , Sa Mednick, Ae Baert, Oxford University Press, London; 
Fogelman, (1983) Growing up in Great Britain: Papers from the national child development study., , MacMillan, London; 
Fraser, Robinson, Ashley, The patterns of disease in hospital, 1968-1978 (1983) Health Trends, 15, pp. 1-6; 
Ward, Hunter, The absent testicle A report on a survey carried out among schoolboys in Nottingham (1960) BMJ, 1, pp. 1110-1111; 
RH. Depue, Maternal and gestational factors affecting the risk of cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia, Int J Epidermiol, (in press)); Rothman, Louik, Oral contraceptives and birth defects (1978) N Engl J Med, 299, pp. 522-524; 
General Register Office, (1964) The registrar general's statistical review of England and Wales 1962 et seq part II, , HM Stationery Office, London; 
Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, (1978) Birth Statistics, , HM Stationery Office, London, Series FM1 no 2 (no 8) (1984); 
Macfarlane, Mugford, (1984) Birth counts, statistics of pregnancy and childbirth, , HM Stationery Office, London; 
Pharoah, Alberman, Mortality of low birthweight infants in England and Wales 1953 to 1979 (1981) Arch Dis Child, 56, pp. 86-89; 
Davies, Testicular cancer in England and Wales: some epidemiological aspects (1981) Lancet, 1, pp. 928-932; 
Depue, Pike, Henderson, Estrogen exposure during gestation and risk of testicular cancer (1983) J Natl Cancer Inst, 71, pp. 1151-1155; 
Martin, Malignancy and the undescended testis (1981) The undescended testis., pp. 144-156. , Ew Fonkalsrud, W. Mengel, Year Book Medical Publishers Inc, London
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Fertility by birth cohorts, 1900-1960 
ST  - Vruchtbaarheid van geboortegeneraties, 1900-1960.
T2  - Maandstatistiek Van De Bevolking
J2  - Maandstat Bevolking
VL  - 32
IS  - 4
SP  - 9
EP  - 15
PY  - 1984
SN  - 01686240 (ISSN) 
AB  - The numbers of liveborn children presented in the table are based on observations made during the period 1950-82. They are ranged according to mother's year at birth. Per birth cohort, the table shows at which ages the mothers gave birth. Age is defined with the focal point being January 1 of the calendar year in which the child is born. As an example, women born in 1955 had 11,705 children in the calendar period 1970-75 in which they were not 20 years of age on January 1st. In the calendar years in which they were 20-24 years of age on January 1 (1976-80), they had 55,837 children. No figures are presented for the age groups 25-29 and older since on January 1, 1983, women born in 1955 were only 27 years old. An example indicates how age specific fertility rates (liveborn children/10,000 females) were computed. To this end, the 1955 cohort and the age group 20-24 were considered. For the calendar years 1976-1980 (inclusive), the average numbers of women born in 1955 were computed. The total of these numbers (568,952.5) then yields the denominator of the rate, the numerator being the 55,837 children mentioned above. The rate itself thus amounts to 981. The numbers of children born in the years 1950-68 are partly based on estimates. More detailed tables can be obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics on request. (author's modified)
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - birth order
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - demography
KW  - developed country
KW  - Europe
KW  - family
KW  - Family And Household
KW  - Family Relationships
KW  - family size
KW  - fertility
KW  - Government Publication
KW  - maternal age
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - parent
KW  - parental age
KW  - population
KW  - population and population related phenomena
KW  - population dynamics
KW  - research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Western Europe
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Birth Order
KW  - Cohort Analysis
KW  - Demographic Analysis
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Europe
KW  - Family And Household
KW  - Family Characteristics
KW  - Family Relationships
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Government Publication
KW  - Maternal Age
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Parental Age
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Western Europe
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Birth Order
KW  - Cohort Studies
KW  - Demography
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Europe
KW  - Family Characteristics
KW  - Family Relations
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Government Publications
KW  - Maternal Age
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Parents
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Research
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 12339443
LA  - Dutch
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021403949&partnerID=40&md5=4c991e3750a59e010dd88b02da87f4fc
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Eating habits of ten year olds
T2  - Nutrition & Food Science
J2  - Nutr. Food Sci.
VL  - 84
IS  - 4
SP  - 6
PY  - 1984
DO  - 10.1108/eb059018
SN  - 00346659 (ISSN) 
AU  - Golding, J.
AU  - Haslum, M.
AU  - Morris, A.
AD  - Trust Senior Lecturer, Department of Child Health, United Kingdom
AD  - Research Associate, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
AB  - All the children born in the UK between the fifth and eleventh of April 1970, 15,000 of them, have been members of the Child Health and Education Study cohort. The group has provided a very wide sample from which to assess facts about British children. © 1984, MCB UP Limited
N1  - Cited By :1
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84955767163&doi=10.1108%2feb059018&partnerID=40&md5=a3b744741473fdcb83a0d75c33370c16
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Les inegalites sociales devant la mort en grande-bretagne et en France
T2  - Social Science and Medicine
J2  - Soc. Sci. Med.
VL  - 19
IS  - 5
SP  - 479
EP  - 487
PY  - 1984
DO  - 10.1016/0277-9536(84)90043-1
SN  - 02779536 (ISSN) 
AU  - Leclerc, A.
AU  - Lert, F.
AU  - Goldberg, M.
AD  - INSERM U.88, 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France
AB  - In this paper data are compared on differential mortality for working men in the United Kingdom and France, for the years 1970-1972 (U.K.) and 1966-1971 (F). Differential mortality in the United Kingdom is described in 'occupational mortality' published by O.P.C.S.; mortality according to 'Catégories socio-professionnelles' has been studied for a large cohort by INSEE (National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies). The comparison between those two sets of data leads to the following conclusions: &#x02022; social differences in death rates seem to be larger in France than in United Kingdom. &#x02022; the main causes of death responsible for these inequalities differ in the two countries: respiratory diseases are the main cause in U.K.; in France, accidents and alcohol-related death lead to the largest inequalities. We discuss the difficulties of comparison between countries: some of the apparent differences may relate to the fact that, in France, mortality data concerns a cohort followed since 1954, while British data comes from a transversal survey. Another point of difference is the fact that foreigners are not included in the French study. In every country where data exist on the subject, inequalities in health are found. The reasons why these inequalities exist, and what should be done to reduce them, is a matter for discussion. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate, by throwing light on some aspects of the observed differences. © 1984.
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - alcoholism
KW  - article
KW  - comparative study
KW  - France
KW  - human
KW  - male
KW  - mortality
KW  - occupation
KW  - respiratory tract disease
KW  - social class
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Alcoholism
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - France
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Occupations
KW  - Respiratory Tract Diseases
KW  - Social Class
N1  - Cited By :16
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SSMDE
C2  - 6484634
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Leclerc, A.; INSERM U.88, 91 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France
N1  - References: (1978) Occupational Mortality 1970–1972, , Decennial Supplement OPCS, London; 
Desplanques, (1976) La Mortalité des Adultes Suivant le Milieu Social, 1955–1971, , Collection de l'INSEE, série D 44, Paris; 
Antonovsky, Social class, life expectancy and overall mortality (1967) Milbank Meml Fund Q., 45, pp. 31-73; 
Kitagawa, Hauser, (1973) Differential Mortality in the United States, , Harvard University Press, Cambridge; 
Billette, Hill, Risque relatif de mortalité masculine et les classes sociales au Canada, 1974 (1978) L'Union Méd. Can., 107, pp. 583-590; 
Bouvier, Varnoux, Cancers et catégories socio-professionnelles (1982) l'INSERM, la Santé Publique et l'Epidémiologie, pp. 24-29. , Monographie INSERM; 
Gerard, Hemery, La mortalité infantile en France suivant le milieu social (1973) Economie et statistique, 48, pp. 33-41; 
Antonovsky, Bernstein, Social class and infant mortality (1977) Soc. Sci. Med., 11, pp. 453-470; 
Morris, Social inequalities undiminished (1979) Lancet, 13 (January), pp. 87-90; 
Vallin, Facteurs socio-économiques de la mortalité dans les pays développés (1979) OMS: Réunion sur les facteurs et les conséquences socio-économiques de la mortalité, , OMS, Genéve, OMS, DSI/SE/WP/79.4; 
Inequalities in health. Report of a research working group (1980) Lancet, p. 513. , DHSS, London, 6 septembre, Inequalities in health. Report of a research working group Lancet 1980 DHSS London 545, 6 septembre; 
Propositions pour une politique de prévention (1982) La Documentation française, , Rapport au Ministre de la Santé; 
Leclerc, Aiach, Philippe, Vennin, Cebe, Morbidité, mortalité et classe sociale (1979) Rev. Epid. Santé Publ., 27, pp. 331-358; 
Hart, The black report a challenge to politicians (1982) The Lancet, 2 (January), pp. 35-37; 
(1977) Code des Catégories Socio-Professionnelles, p. 133. , 6éme édition, INSEE; 
WHO, (1965) Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, , 8th Revision, WHO, Geneva; 
Desrosieres, Thevenot, Les mots et les chiffres les nomenclatures socio-professionnelles (1979) Economie et statistique, (110), pp. 49-65; 
Cribier, Itinéraires professionnels et usure au travail une génération de salariés parisiens (1983) Le Mouvement social, 124, pp. 11-44; 
Levy, Vallin, La mortalité par catégorie socio-professionnelle Un essai de calcul direct (1981) Population (French Edition), 36, pp. 938-945; 
Brahimi, La mortalité des étranger en France (1980) Population (French Edition), (3), pp. 603-622; 
Lederman, Alcool, alcoolisme, alcoolisation T II: mortalité, morbidité, accidents du travail (1964) Travaux et documents No. 41; 
Garros, Bouvier, Excés de la surmortalité masculine en France et causes médicales de décès (1978) Population (French Edition), (6), pp. 1095-1114; 
Sawyer, La répartition des revenus dans les pays de l'OCDE (1976) Perspectives économiques de l'OCDE, , Etudes Spéciales; 
Collins, Klein, Equity and the N.H.S.: self-reported morbidity, access and primary care (1980) Br. med. J., 281, pp. 1111-1115; 
Mizrahi, (1978) Micro-Economie de la Consummation Médicale, , CREDO; 
Todd, Statistics of snoking in the United Kingdom (1969) Research paper No. 1, , Tobacco Research Council; 
Sofres-Seita. Enquête statistique sur la consommation des produits de tabac 1967–1968. Document multi-graphié; Household food consumption and expenditure. London Annual Report; Mercier, Consommation et lieux d'achat des produits alimentaires en 1979 (1982) No. 404 des collections de l'INSEE, , série M, No. 95; 
Aiach, Leclerc, Alimentation, santé et milieu social (1976) Cah. Sociol. Démogr. Méd., 16, pp. 1-12; 
Quelques résultats sur les consommateurs de boissons alcooliques et de tabac en France en 1980 (1983) Informations rapides, , Ministère des Affaires Sociales et de la Solidarité Nationale, No. 20; 
Fox, Goldblatt, (1982) Longitudinal Study: Socio-Demographic Mortality Differentials 1971–75, , Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, Series LS No. 1, HMSO, London
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021118309&doi=10.1016%2f0277-9536%2884%2990043-1&partnerID=40&md5=91da095927dcc242536d8d11793ad9ee
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Women and work stress:Evidence rom the 1946 birth cohort
T2  - Ergonomics
J2  - Ergonomics
VL  - 27
IS  - 5
SP  - 519
EP  - 526
PY  - 1984
DO  - 10.1080/00140138408963520
SN  - 00140139 (ISSN) 
AU  - Cherry, N.
AD  - School of Occupational Health, McGill University, Canada
AB  - Women at work throughout Britain, all members ofthe National Survey of Health and Development, were asked whether they were under nervous strain in their work. Data are presented for 826 women at work at age 26 years and 734 women at work at age 32 years. Two in every five women working full-time reported that they were under strain, this proportion being very similar to that for men in full-time work at the same age. Women in part-time work were much less likely to report strain. Strain at work was found to relate both to the level of work (jobs in higher social- group categories having a higher report of strain) and to the level of supervisory responsibility. Women reporting strain were also more likely to report problems with their sleep, frequent headaches, pain in the pit of the stomach and trouble with their back, but such reports seem more closely related to a prior susceptibility to anxiety than to the demands of the present job. It is concluded that, with the possible exception of pregnant women, it may not be helpful to consider women as a group of workers with particular problems in withstanding stress at work. © 1983 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
KW  - HUMAN ENGINEERING - Research
KW  - FULL-TIME WORK
KW  - PART-TIME WORK
KW  - PSYCHOSOMATIC STRESS
KW  - SEX DIFFERENCES RELATED TO WORK
KW  - STATUS LEVEL OF WORK
KW  - PERSONNEL
KW  - female worker
KW  - human
KW  - normal human
KW  - prevention
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - psychosocial environment
KW  - stress
KW  - workload
KW  - Adult
KW  - Employment
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Occupational Diseases
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Stress, Psychological
KW  - Women
KW  - Women, Working
N1  - Cited By :9
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 6468356
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Cherry, N.; School of Occupational Health, McGill UniversityCanada
N1  - Funding text: The National Survey of Health and Development is supported by the Medical Research Council as part of the work of the Department of Community Health at the University of Bristol. I am grateful to. Professor John Colley and to Dr Michael Wadsworth for allowing me continued access to these data.
N1  - References: Atkins, M., Cherry, N.M., Douglas, J., Kiernan, K.E., Wadsworth, M., British birth cohort survey: An account of the origins, progress and results of the national Survey of Health and Development (1946) An Empirical Basis for Primary Prevention: Prospective Longitudinal Research in Europe, , Edited by S. A. MEDNICK and A. E., BABRT Oxford: OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRFss; 
Cherry, N.M., Stress, anxiety and work: A longitudinal study. Journal of Occupational (1978) Psychology, 51, pp. 259-270; 
Cherry, N.M., Nervous strain, anxiety and symptoms in a cohort of 32 years old men at work in Britain (1984) Journal of Occupational Psychology; 
Eysenck, H.J., A short questionnaire for the measurement of two dimensions ofpersonality (1958) Journal of Applied Psychology, 42, pp. 14-27; 
Mamelle, M., Dreyfus, I., Van Lierdg, M., Renaud, R., (1982) Mode De Vie Et Grossesse, 11, pp. 55-63
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mortality among patients suffering from organic psychoses
T2  - Nordic Journal of Psychiatry
J2  - Nord. J. Psychiatry
VL  - 38
IS  - 3
SP  - 127
EP  - 133
PY  - 1984
DO  - 10.3109/08039488409093350
SN  - 08039488 (ISSN) 
AU  - Dimitrijevic, P.
AU  - Jacobsson, L.
AU  - Wall, S.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Umeåd, S-901 85, Umeå, Sweden
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of Umed, S-901 85, Umeå, Sweden
AD  - Department of Social Medicine, University of Umeå, S-901 85, Umeå, Sweden
AB  - Patients suffering from psycho-organic syndromes have a high mortality rate. The present investigation concerns the mortality rate of such patients admitted between 1961 and 1970 to the psychiatric clinic of the University Hospital in Umeå suffering from psychoses of organic origin. Patients were followed up to 1977. Standardized mortality rates and life expectancies were calculated. The excess mortality is mainly due to diseases of the respiratory and circulatory systems. It is argued that it is necessary to maintain sufficient competence levels in the fields of internal medicine and neurology within the psychiatric care system in order to treat this patientgroup properly. © 1984 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :2
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: NJPYE
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Dimitrijevic, P.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Umeåd, S-901 85, Umeå, Sweden
N1  - References: Ahlström, C.H., Mortality in mental hospitals (1942) Acta psychiatrica scandinavica; 
Anderson, S., Auquier, A., Hauck, W.W., Oakes, D., Van-Dale, W., Weisberg, H.I., (1980) Statistical Methods for Comparative Studies, , John Wiley & Sons; 
Colton, T., (1974) Statistics in Medicine, , Little Brown & Co Boston; 
Fegersten Saugstad, L., Ødegård, Ø., Mortality in psychiatric hospitals in Norway 1950–1974 (1979) Acta psychiatrica scandinavica, pp. 431-447; 
Rorsman, B., Mortality among psychiatric patients (1974) Acta psychiatrica scandinavica, 50, pp. 354-375; 
(1967) International Classification of Diseases, , Eight (1965) revision World Health Organization (WHO) WHO, Geneva; 
Department of Psychiatry, , From the (P D & L J), and the Department of Social Medicine (S W), University of Umeå, S–901 85 Umeå, Sweden
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-34548005188&doi=10.3109%2f08039488409093350&partnerID=40&md5=0149155faef55bedebfa9825b6c20f29
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A longitudinal study of specific gravities of whole blood in dyestuff plant workers
T2  - Sangyo Igaku
J2  - Jpn. J. Ind. Health
VL  - 26
IS  - 5
SP  - 404
EP  - 413
PY  - 1984
DO  - 10.1539/joh1959.26.404
SN  - 00471879 (ISSN) 
AU  - Yamaguchi, N.
AU  - Okubo, T.
AU  - Sugita, M.
AD  - Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Japan
AD  - Division of Environmental Epidemiology, University of Occupational, Environmental Health, Japan
AD  - Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Japan
AB  - Specific gravities of whole blood (GB) have been used widely as a screening test of anemia in industrial surveillance systems in Japan. The recent spread of electronic computers enables us to make effective use of a large quantity of information and GB could be used to screen examinees more accurately if the various factors which can bring about fluctuations in GB or the data obtained through past health examinations are taken into consideration. Time trends of GB can be explained by the combination of the physiological effect of aging, environmental factors such as diet or working conditions, and the birth cohort effect. The present study was aimed to identify the factors which bring about fluctuations in GB through longitudinal as well as cross-sectional observations. The study subjects consisted of 1,105 male workers engaged in dyestuff production work or clerical work at a dyestuff plant located in Tokyo during the period from 1953 to 1976. Though a negative association was found between GB and the age of workers through cross-sectional observations, it was found through longitudinal observations that the individual GB had a tendency to rise during the period in each birth cohort. These facts suggest that some environmental factors acted so as to raise the individual GB during this period in opposition to the physiological effect of aging to lower it. In order to evaluate the associations of educational history, working conditions, age and physique of workers with GB, information on these factors obtained through health examinations in 1960, 1965, 1970 and 1975 was analyzed separately by the multidimensional contingency table method. As a result, it was demonstrated that GB was directly related to all of these factors in 1960 and 1965, to age and physique in 1970 and only to age in 1975. These results suggest that environmental factors associated with educational history or working conditions played a greater part in the earlier periods when the average GB was not as high as in the later periods. In summary, the efficiency of GB as a screening test will be considerably improved if the judgment criteria utilize information about these environmental factors as well as the physiological effect of aging based on the information obtained from this study. © 1984, Japan Society for Occupational Health. All rights reserved.
KW  - adult
KW  - anemia
KW  - blood
KW  - blood and hemopoietic system
KW  - clinical article
KW  - controlled study
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - dye factory
KW  - histology
KW  - human
KW  - industrial worker
KW  - intoxication
KW  - normal value
KW  - Adult
KW  - Anemia
KW  - Dyes
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Human
KW  - Industry
KW  - Male
KW  - Mass Screening
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Occupational Diseases
KW  - Specific Gravity
N1  - Cited By :1
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 6533361
LA  - English
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Dyes
N1  - References: Phillips, R.A., Van Slyke, D.D., Dole, V.P., Emerson, K., Jr., The copper sulfate method for measuring specific gravities of whole blood and plasma (1943) Bull. U.S. Army Med. Dept., No., 71, pp. 66-83; 
Phillips, R.A., Van Slyke, D.D., Hamilton, P.B., Dole, V.P., Emerson, K., Jr., Archibald, R.M., Measurement of specific gravities of whole blood and plasma by standard copper sulfate solutions (1950) J. Biol. Chem., 183, pp. 305-330; 
Fienberg, S.E., The Analysis of Cross-Classified Categorical Data (1980), pp. 71-94. , MIT Press, Cambridge; Goodman, L.A., The analysis of multidimensional contingency tables: stepwise procedure and direct estimation methods for building models for multiple classifications (1971) Technometrics, 13, pp. 33-61; 
Haberman, S.J., Loglinear fit for contingency tables (1972) Appl. Statist., 21, pp. 218-225; 
Tsuchiya, K., Takahashi, K., Sakurai, H., Seki, Y., Sugita, M., Biologic responses to low level lead exposure (1976) Keio J. Med., 25, pp. 123-130
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mechanical heart valves in children
T2  - Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal
J2  - Scand. Cardiovasc. J.
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
SP  - 155
EP  - 159
PY  - 1984
DO  - 10.3109/14017438409102398
SN  - 14017431 (ISSN) 
AU  - Henze, A.
AU  - Lindblom, D.
AU  - Björk, V.O.
AD  - Thoracic Surgical Clinic, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - Longterm follow-up of 17 children, who consecutively underwent replacement of one cardiac valve with the Björk-Shiley prosthesis, is presented. The children's mean age was 8 years (range 4-12 years) and body weight 23.5 kg (range 15.0-38.4 kg) at the time of surgery 1970-80. Nine of the 17 operations (53% were second-stage cardiac surgery. The operations comprised 2 aortic and 7 mitral valve replacements, 2 implantations of prosthesis in aortoventricular plasties (Konno's operation), 4 in the functional mitral orifice of transpositions (3 congenitally corrected and one operated on a.m. Mustard) and 2 valved conduits included in the repair of complex malformations. Two deaths were associated with surgery, but were not related to the valve prosthesis per se. One patient died 37 months postoperatively, due to mechanical valve failure (early and late mortality 12% and 6% respectively). All survivors were followed at least two years, 9 were followed at least 5 years and 6 at least 10 years (mean 7.7 years). Anticoagulation was maintained without pertinent problems. There was one thromboembolic episode (0.87%patient year). Two patients were re-operated because of "outgrown prosthesis" after 8 and 111/2 years. Morbidity otherwise was low and 9 patients (53% had no complications at all. We conclude that the mechanical valve is a suitable substitute for a seriously diseased cardiac valve in childhood. However, if valve replacement is performed in early life, the later need of exchange of the outgrown prosthesis must be faced. © 1984 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - cardiovascular system
KW  - child
KW  - complication
KW  - congenital disorder
KW  - heart
KW  - heart valve replacement
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - survival
KW  - therapy
KW  - thromboembolism
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Anticoagulants
KW  - Aortic Valve
KW  - Body Weight
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Heart Valve Prosthesis
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Mitral Valve
KW  - Postoperative Complications
KW  - Prosthesis Design
KW  - Reoperation
KW  - Thromboembolism
KW  - Time Factors
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :10
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SCJOF
C2  - 6463629
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Henze, A.; Thoracic Surgical Clinic, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Anticoagulants
N1  - References: Attie, F., Kuri, J., Zanoniani, C., Mitral valve replacement in children with rheumatic heart disease (1981) Circulation, 64, pp. 812-887; 
Berry, B.E., Ritter, D.G., Wallace, R.B., Cardiac valve replacement in children (1974) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 68, pp. 705-710; 
Björk, V.O., Henze, A., Holmgren, A., Central haemodynamics at rest and during exercise before and after aortic valve replacement with the Björk-Shiley tilting disc valve in patients with isolated aortic stenosis (1973) Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, pp. 111-130; 
Björk, V.O.B., öök, K., Cernigliaro, C., Holmgren, A., The Björk-Shiley tilting disc valve in isolated mitral lesions (1973) Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 7, pp. 131-148; 
Björk, V.O., Henze, A., Management of thromboembolism after aortic valve replacement with the Björk-Shiley tilting disc valve (1975) Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 9, pp. 183-191; 
Björk, V.O., Henze, A., Isolated mitral valve replacement with the Björk-Shiley tilting disc valve prosthesis (1977) Scand J Thorac Cariovasc Surg, 11, pp. 181-187; 
Björk, V.O., Henze, A., Lindblom, D., Current status of prosthetic heart valves in the mitral position (1982) Paper presented at “International Symposium on the mitral valve” Coronado, pp. 21-24. , California Oct. 1982; 
Blieden, L.C., Castaneda, A.R., Nicoloff, D.M., Prosthetic valve replacement in children: results in 44 patients (1972) Ann Thorac Surg, 14, pp. 545-552; 
Dunn, J.M., Porcine valve durability in children (1981) Ann Thorac Surg, 32, pp. 357-368; 
Fiddler, G.I., Gerlios, L.M., Path, F.R.C., Calcification of glutaraldehyde-preserved porcine and bovine xenograft valves in young children (1983) Ann Thorac Surg, 35, pp. 257-261; 
Friedman, S., Edmunds, L.H., Cuaso, C.C., Long-term mitral valve replacement in young children (1978) Circulation, 57, pp. 981-986; 
Galioto, F.M., Midgley, F.M., Kapur, S., Early failures of Ionescu-Shiley bioprosthesis after mitral valve replacement in children (1982) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 83, pp. 306-310; 
Geha, A.S., Laks, H., Stansel, H.C., Jr., Late failure of porcine valve heterografts in children (1979) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 78, pp. 351-364; 
Konno, S., Imai, Y., Lida, Y., A new method for prosthetic valve replacement in congenital aortic stenosis associated with hypoplasia of the aortic valve ring (1975) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 70, pp. 909-917; 
Nudelman, I., Schachner, A., Levy, M.J., Repeated mitral valve replacement in the growing child with congenital mitral valve disease (1980) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 79, pp. 765-769; 
Rocchini, A.P., Weesner, K.M., Heidelberger, K., Porcine xenograft valve failure in children: an immunologic response (1981) Circulation, 64 (2), pp. 162-171; 
Rufilanchas, J.J., Juffe, A., Miranda, A.L., Cardiac valve replacement with the Björk-Shiley prosthesis in young patients (1977) Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 11, pp. 11-14; 
Sade, R.M., Ballenger, J.P., Hohn, A.R., cardiac valve replacement in children. Comparison of tissue with mechanical prosthesis (1979) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 78, pp. 123-127; 
Silver, M.M., Pollock, J., Silver, M.D., Calcification in porcine xenograft valves in children (1980) Am J Cardiol, 45, pp. 685-689; 
Smith, J.M., III, Colley, D.A., Ott, D.A., Aortic valve replacement in preteenage children (1980) Ann Thorac Surg, 29, pp. 512-518; 
Vidne, B., Levy, M.J., Heart valve replacement in children (1970) Thorax, 25, pp. 57-61; 
Wada, J., Yokoyama, M., Hashimoto, A., Longterm follow-up of artificial valves in patients under 15 years old (1980) Ann Thorac Surg, 29, pp. 519-521; 
Weinstein, G.S., Mavroudis, C., Ebert, P.A., Preliminary experience with aspirin for anticoagulation in children with prosthetic cardiac valves (1982) Ann Thorac Surg, 33, pp. 549-553
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021282567&doi=10.3109%2f14017438409102398&partnerID=40&md5=1911c6f1bbf29a978a2ee98b302125de
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Fertility tables by cohorts for females in Japan
T2  - Jinko mondai kenkyu. [Journal of population problems]
J2  - Jinko Mondai Kenkyu
IS  - 167
SP  - 58
EP  - 63
PY  - 1983
SN  - 03872793 (ISSN) 
AU  - Ishikawa, A.
AB  - An attempt is made to determine fertility behavior in Japan by constructing fertility tables for Japanese females according to age. The subject population included Japanese females between the ages of 15-37; the statistics were taken between 1967-1982. A chart of birth rates of the 1960 15-year cohort is presented; also included are graphs indicating 1950, 1960, and 1970 cohorts in percents according to age for 1st child, 2nd child, and 3rd child probability. A table showing total fertility rates and the percentages of women having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 children between 1970-1981 is presented. Findings indicate that total fertility rates have decreased from 2.13-1.74 from 1970-1980, the sharpest decline observedbeing between 1973-1977. The percentage of Japanese women having no children has risen considerably (from 5.7%-20.8% from 1970-1981) and there has been a slight increase in the percentage of women having only 1 child (from 9.9%-11.2% between 1970-1981). The percentage of women in Japan having 2, 3, 4, or 5 children all decreased somewhat between 1970-1981.
KW  - age
KW  - article
KW  - Asia
KW  - birth rate
KW  - Birth Rate--changes
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - demography
KW  - developed country
KW  - developing country
KW  - Eastern Asia
KW  - Far East
KW  - fertility
KW  - Fertility Measurements
KW  - Fertility Rate--changes
KW  - Japan
KW  - measurement
KW  - methodology
KW  - parity
KW  - Parity--changes
KW  - population
KW  - population and population related phenomena
KW  - population dynamics
KW  - research
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Total Fertility Rate--changes
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Asia
KW  - Birth Rate--changes
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Eastern Asia
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Fertility Measurements
KW  - Fertility Rate--changes
KW  - Japan
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Parity--changes
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Total Fertility Rate--changes
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Asia
KW  - Birth Rate
KW  - Demography
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Far East
KW  - Fertility
KW  - Japan
KW  - Parity
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Population Dynamics
KW  - Research
KW  - Research Design
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 12155004
LA  - Japanese
N1  - Correspondence Address: Ishikawa, A.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020783877&partnerID=40&md5=638c9698c6843412dd4b6fe776b93666
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Evidence for increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in childhood
T2  - British Medical Journal
J2  - BR. MED. J.
VL  - 286
IS  - 6381
SP  - 1855
EP  - 1857
PY  - 1983
SN  - 09598146 (ISSN) 
AU  - Stewart Brown, S.
AU  - Haslum, M.
AU  - Butler, N.
AD  - Dep. Child Health, Univ. Bristol, Bristol BS2 8DZ, United Kingdom
AB  - The prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the cohort of children in the Child Health and Education Study studied at age 10 was 1.3/1000. Comparison with prevalences found in the two previous British birth cohort studies suggested that the prevalence of diabetes is doubling roughly every decade. The data suggested that childhood diabetics are a socially advantaged group. These findings have important implications and should be taken into account by health service planners if the needs of these children are to be met in the future.
KW  - child
KW  - childhood
KW  - diabetes mellitus
KW  - endocrine system
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - etiology
KW  - health service
KW  - human
KW  - prevalence
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent
KW  - Female
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
N1  - Cited By :59
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BMJOA
C2  - 6407601
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020533358&partnerID=40&md5=3618b5dbd2a7ea1aa33eec9a387d51a7
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Plus ça change: predictors of birthweight in two national studies
T2  - BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
J2  - BJOG Int. J. Obstet. Gynaecol.
VL  - 90
IS  - 11
SP  - 1040
EP  - 1045
PY  - 1983
DO  - 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1983.tb06442.x
SN  - 14700328 (ISSN) 
AU  - PETERS, T.J.
AU  - GOLDING, J.
AU  - BUTLER, N.R.
AU  - FRYER, J.G.
AU  - LAWRENCE, C.J.
AU  - CHAMBERLAIN, G.V.P.
AD  - Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, Washington House, Great George Street, Bristol, BS1 5QD, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Mathematical Statistics and Operational Research, University of Exeter, Streatham Court, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4PU, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 ORE, United Kingdom
AB  - Summary. The 16 989 singleton births in one week of March, 1958, studied by the British Perinatal Mortality Survey, were subjected to an analysis of covariance, which showed that major factors associated with birthweight of the infant were: maternal height, history of smoking in pregnancy, parity and history of pre‐eclampsia during the pregnancy. The same analysis was repeated on the data collected on 16 792 singletons born 12 years later in one week of April, 1970 and studied by the British Births Survey. In spite of major changes in obstetric practice and in the maternal population, the same factors were shown to be highly significant and the magnitude of the associations had changed little. Copyright © 1983, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
KW  - analysis of variance
KW  - article
KW  - birth weight
KW  - body height
KW  - comparative study
KW  - female
KW  - fetus death
KW  - human
KW  - infant mortality
KW  - maternal age
KW  - newborn
KW  - parity
KW  - preeclampsia
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - smoking
KW  - social class
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - female genital system
KW  - fetus
KW  - normal human
KW  - preeclampsia
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Birth Weight
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Female
KW  - Fetal Death
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant Mortality
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Maternal Age
KW  - Parity
KW  - Pre-Eclampsia
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Social Class
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :45
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 6639898
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: PETERS, T.J.; Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, Washington House, Great George Street, Bristol, BS1 5QD, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Armitage, P., (1971) Statistical Methods in Medical Research, , Blackwell Scientific Publications,. Oxford; 
Butler, N.R., Alberman, E.D., (1969) Perinatal Mortality: The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , E & S Livingstone, Edinburgh; 
Butler, N.R., Bonham, D.G., (1963) Perinatal Problems: The First Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , E & S Livingstone,. Edinburgh; 
Chamberlain, G., Philipp, E., Hewlett, B., Masters, K., (1978) British Births 1970 Vol 2: Obstetric Care, , William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd, London; 
Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Hewlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1975) British Births 1970 Vol 1: The First Week of Life, , William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd, London; 
Golding, J., Adelstein, P., (1980), Cigarette smoking and pregnancy‐induced hypertension. In Proceedings of the First Congress of the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy Dublin; Goldstein, H., Statistical appendix (1969) Perinatal Problems: The Second Report of the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey, , Butler, N. R., Alberman, E. D., Eds, E & S Livingstone, Edinburgh; 
Karr, A., (1849), Les Guepes; (1951) Classification of Occupations, , HMSO, London; 
(1966) Classification of Occupations, , HMSO, London
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020973431&doi=10.1111%2fj.1471-0528.1983.tb06442.x&partnerID=40&md5=96c3a9a7a90eedf512d9e5990e5630e4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Relationship of cigarette smoking and social class to birth weight and perinatal mortality among all births in Britain, 5-11 April 1970
T2  - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
J2  - J. EPIDEMIOL. COMMUNITY HEALTH
VL  - 37
IS  - 4
SP  - 249
EP  - 255
PY  - 1983
DO  - 10.1136/jech.37.4.249
SN  - 0143005X (ISSN) 
AU  - Rush, D.
AU  - Cassano, P.
AD  - The Division of Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
AB  - The joint associations of maternal cigarette smoking and social class on perinatal outcome were studied in the 1970 British birth cohort (British Births). Whereas smoking was much more frequent among women in social class III, IV, and V, there was little difference in the birthweight decrement associated with smoking across class. Perinatal mortality, however, was increased only among smokers in the manual social classes. Thus whereas the offspring of more privileged smokers were not protected from intrauterine growth retardation, they did not suffer from increased perinatal mortality. Observations of other populations suggest a possible nutritional mediation of this protective effect.
KW  - birth weight
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - human
KW  - newborn
KW  - normal human
KW  - perinatal mortality
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - smoking
KW  - social aspect
KW  - social class
N1  - Cited By :78
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JECHD
C2  - 6655412
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0021073335&doi=10.1136%2fjech.37.4.249&partnerID=40&md5=f0b72dc8421be198b73230e91f6504f2
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Take‐up of benefits by families with disabled children
T2  - Child: Care, Health and Development
J2  - Child Care Health Dev.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
SP  - 145
EP  - 156
PY  - 1983
DO  - 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1983.tb00312.x
SN  - 03051862 (ISSN) 
AU  - COOKE, K.
AU  - BRADSHAW, J.
AU  - LAWTON, D.
AD  - Social Policy Research Unit, University of York, United Kingdom
AB  - Summary The take‐up of four cash benefits by families with disabled children is assessed using a national sample drawn from the 1970 birth cohort. The four benefits are invalid care allowance, attendance allowance, mobility allowance and the Family Fund. None of the few families in the sample who were eligible for the invalid care allowance knew about it or had claimed it, but none would have been better off if they had done so. Take‐up of the attendance allowance was lower than previous studies have suggested; between a half and two‐thirds of those who appeared to be eligible were receiving the attendance allowance. About 80% of those children who were eligible for the mobility allowance were receiving it. About 65% of those families who met the eligibility criteria of the Family Fund had received help. Copyright © 1983, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved
KW  - adolescent
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - child health care
KW  - disability
KW  - disabled person
KW  - economics
KW  - human
KW  - preschool child
KW  - social security
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Health Services
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Disability Evaluation
KW  - Disabled Persons
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Social Security
N1  - Cited By :6
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 6223719
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: COOKE, K.; Social Policy Research Unit, University of York, Heslington, Yorkshire, YOI 5DD, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Baldwin, S.M., Bradshaw, J.R., Cooke, K.R., Glendinning, C., (1981), pp. 82-116. , The disabled person and cash benefits. In Disability: Legislation and Practice, D. Guthrie; Macmillan, London Bradshaw, J.R., Examining benefits for families with handicapped children (1977) Social Security Research Seminar, DHSS, pp. 115-153. , HMSO, London; 
Bradshaw, J.R., (1980) The Family Fund, , Routledge and Kegan Paul, London; 
Bradshaw, J.R., Lawton, D., An examination of equity in the administration of the attendance allowance (1980) Policy & Politics, 8, pp. 39-54; 
Bradshaw, J.R., Lawton, D., Utilization of the Family Fund (1982) Child: care, health and development, 8, pp. 227-237; 
Casserly, J., Clark, B., (1978), A Welfare Rights Approach to the Chronically Sick and Disabled. Strathclyde Regional Council; Chamberlain, R., Chamberlain, G., Howlett, B., Claireaux, A., (1975) British Births 1970, , Heinemann Medical, London; 
Cooke, K.R., (1979), A Study of Child Beneficiaries of the Mobility Allowance. Social Policy Research Unit working paper. University of York; Cooke, K.R., An evaluation of the mobility allowance for families with handicapped children (1980) Child: care, health and development, 6, pp. 279-289; 
Cooke, K.R., Staden, F.M., (1981) The Mobility Allowance: An Evaluative Study, , HMSO, London; 
Glendinning, C., Phillips, H., (1981), Who Benefits Disability Alliance, London; (1975) Hansard, 898, p. 1720. , col; 
(1982) Second Report from the Social Services Committee, Session, , 198182. HC 306 1, HMSO, London; 
Lister, R., (1974) The Take‐up of Means‐Tested Benefits, , Child Poverty Action Group, London; 
(1976) Means‐Tested Benefits, , NCC, London; 
(1970), (4 S). , National Insurance Act (, 2); (1975), (37 S.A). , Social Security Pensions ActUR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020757706&doi=10.1111%2fj.1365-2214.1983.tb00312.x&partnerID=40&md5=c06a28bbbaa93a41d2a1b3511cfac570
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Drugs and delinquency. A ten year follow-up of drug clinic patients
T2  - British Journal of Psychiatry
J2  - BR. J. PSYCHIATRY
VL  - 142
IS  - 2
SP  - 169
EP  - 173
PY  - 1983
DO  - 10.1192/bjp.142.2.169
SN  - 00071250 (ISSN) 
AU  - Gordon, A.M.
AD  - The Retreat, York YO1 5BN, United Kingdom
AB  - The addiction and conviction status of 60 male patients who presented to a London drug clinic in 1970 was re-examined 10 years later. Eleven of the patients had died. Three-quarters of the survivors had been abstinent for five years and one quarter were still addicted in this time. Ninety-seven per cent had received a court conviction by 1981 and 83 per cent were convicted during follow-up. Neither hospital treatment, receipt of a clinic prescription nor imprisonment was associated with eventual abstinence. Poor outcome, in combined terms of continued addiction and re-conviction, related to early parental loss, poor academic achievement, conviction before drug use, longer imprisonment and a high conviction rate. Criminality emerges as the predominant and continuing expression of deviancy in these drug clinic patients.
KW  - academic achievement
KW  - adult
KW  - central nervous system
KW  - clinical article
KW  - delinquency
KW  - drug dependence
KW  - forensic medicine
KW  - human
KW  - parental deprivation
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - therapy
KW  - United Kingdom
N1  - Cited By :14
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJPYA
C2  - 6839071
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020692136&doi=10.1192%2fbjp.142.2.169&partnerID=40&md5=5d170cc773943aa2b262ee0d110422af
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Pulmonary infection with Myocbacterium kansasii in Wales, 1970-9: Review of treatment and response
T2  - Thorax
J2  - THORAX
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
SP  - 271
EP  - 274
PY  - 1983
SN  - 00406376 (ISSN) 
AU  - Banks, J.
AU  - Hunter, A.M.
AU  - Campbell, I.A.
AD  - Chest Unit, Llandough Hosp., Penarth, S Glam CF6 1XX, United Kingdom
AB  - Thirty-five patients (88% male) with pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium kansasii have been reviewed. Sixty-six per cent had pre-existing lung disease, chronic bronchitis and emphysema accounting for half of the disorders. Unilateral lesions were present in 69% of patients whose chest radiographs were reviewed and 90% had cavitating disease. The development of unilateral or bilateral disease appeared to be independent of any delay in starting treatment. Five patients died while receiving treatment, but none of these deaths was due to M kansasii infection. The remaining 30 patients were successfully treated with drug regimens, all of which included rifampicin and 86% of which included ethambutol. There was 100% sputum conversion, with no relapses after a mean follow-up period of five-and-a-half years. Rifampicin and ethambutol given for a mean period of 15 months appeared to be a non-toxic, effective combination.
KW  - cycloserine
KW  - ethambutol
KW  - ethionamide
KW  - isoniazid
KW  - rifampicin
KW  - streptomycin
KW  - thioacetazone
KW  - viomycin
KW  - ethambutol
KW  - rifampicin
KW  - central nervous system
KW  - chemotherapy
KW  - clinical article
KW  - drug therapy
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - human
KW  - mycobacterium kansasii
KW  - pneumonia
KW  - respiratory system
KW  - survey
KW  - therapy
KW  - united kingdom
KW  - adult
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - atypical mycobacteriosis
KW  - drug combination
KW  - female
KW  - lung disease
KW  - lung tuberculosis
KW  - male
KW  - mycobacteriosis
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Drug Therapy, Combination
KW  - Ethambutol
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Lung Diseases
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Mycobacterium Infections
KW  - Mycobacterium Infections, Atypical
KW  - Rifampin
KW  - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
N1  - Cited By :34
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: THORA
C2  - 6867979
LA  - English
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: cycloserine, 339-72-0, 68-39-3, 68-41-7; ethambutol, 10054-05-4, 1070-11-7, 3577-94-4, 74-55-5; ethionamide, 536-33-4; isoniazid, 54-85-3, 62229-51-0, 65979-32-0; rifampicin, 13292-46-1; streptomycin, 57-92-1; thioacetazone, 104-06-3; viomycin, 32988-50-4, 37883-00-4; Ethambutol, 74-55-5; Rifampin, 13292-46-1
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020645870&partnerID=40&md5=0f036aa1d8105c6c8ec029cd60a53396
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Childhood head injuries in Israel: Epidemiology and outcome
T2  - Disability and Rehabilitation
J2  - Disabil. Rehabil.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
SP  - 32
EP  - 36
PY  - 1983
DO  - 10.3109/09638288309166936
SN  - 09638288 (ISSN) 
AU  - Horowitz, I.
AU  - Costeff, H.
AU  - Sadan, N.
AU  - Abraham, E.
AU  - Geyer, S.
AU  - Najenson, T.
AD  - Pediatrics Department, Meir Hospital, Kfar-Sava, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
AD  - Lowenstein Hospital, Ra'anana and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
AB  - Results are reported of a regional survey of hospitalized head injuries in Israeli children aged 0-7 years during the period 1970-1976. There were 370 such cases surveyed. Incidence of head injury requiring hospitalization was 1.71/1000 per year. Follow-up examination 4-10 years after injury was achieved in 50 per cent of the cases. Late seizures and focal neurological deficit were rare, while school failure and various neuropsychiatric symptoms were common. Prevalence of seizures and new nervous habits was significantly related to severity of injury, while the prevalence of fears, nightmares, dizziness and school failure was not. © 1983 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Brain injuries
KW  - Child, hospitalized
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Follow-up studies
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :3
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: DREHE
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Horowitz, I.; Pediatrics Department, Meir Hospital, Kfar-Sava, 44281, Israel
N1  - References: Huttenlocher, P.R., (1979) Nelson's Textbook of Pediatrics, pp. 1781-1788. , W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia; 
Craft, A.H., Head injury in children (1972) Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 23, pp. 445-458. , Vinken, Bruyn. Elsevier, New York; 
Levin, J.S., Eisenberg, H.M., Neuro-psychological outcome of closed head-injury in children and adolescents (1979) Child's Brain, 5, pp. 281-292; 
Jennett, B., Bond, M., Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage (1975) Lancet, 1, pp. 480-484; 
Flach, J., Malmros, R., A long-term follow-up study of children with severe head injury (1972) Scand. J. Rehab. Med, 4, pp. 9-15; 
Stover, S.L., Ziegler, E., Head injury in children and teenagers: functional recovery correlated with the duration of coma (1976) Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil, 57, pp. 201-205; 
Wechsler, D., (1974) Manual for Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Revised (WISC-R), , The Psychological Corporation, New York; 
Bender, L., (1946) Bender Motor Gestalt Test: cards and manual for instructions, , Am. Orthopsychiat. Assoc. Inc; 
Benton, A.L., (1974) Revised Visual Retention Test, , The Psychological Corporation, New York; 
(1976) Behavioral Test Battery for Toxicopsychological Studies, , Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki; 
(1979) Manual for the GATE Screening Service, , US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC; 
Teasdale, G., Jennett, B., Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale (1974) Lancet, 2, pp. 81-84; 
Fuld, P.A., Fisher, P., (1977) Dev. Med. Child Neurol, 19, pp. 495-502; 
Bruce, D.A., Schut, L., Bruno, L.A., Wood, J.M., Sutton, L.N., Outcome following severe head injuries in children (1978) J. Neurosurg, 48, pp. 679-688; 
Shaffer, D., Chadwick, O., Rutter, M., (1975) Psychiatric outcome of localised head injury in children, pp. 191-213. , A CIBA Foundation Symposium 34 (new series); 
(1971) Statistical Abstracts, No. 22, , Central Department of Statistics, Israel; 
(1971) Statistical Quarterly No. 4, , Division of Research, Israel Ministry of Welfare; 
Dillon, H., Leopold, R.L., Children and the post concussion syndrome (1961) J. Amer. Med. Assoc, 175, pp. 86-92; 
Dencker, S.J., löfring, B., A psychomatic study of identical twins discordant for closed head injury (1958) Acta Psychiat Neurol. Scand, 33; 
Bond, M.R., (1975) Assessment of psychosocial outcome after severe head-injury, pp. 141-157. , A CIBA Foundation Symposium 34 (new series); 
Teuber, H.L., Rudel, R.C., Behaviour after cerebral lesion in children and adults (1962) Dev. Med. Child. Neurol, 4, pp. 3-20; 
Hendrick, E.B., The use of hypothermia in severe head injuries in childhood (1959) Arch. Surg, 79, pp. 362-364; 
Walker, A.E., Block, B., Heroic treatment of acute head injury. A critical analysis of the results (1960) Ann. Surg, 26, pp. 184-188; 
Ruesch, J., Intellectual impairment in head injuries (1944) Am. J. Psychiatry, 100, pp. 480-496; 
Lewin, W., (1966) The Management of Head Injuries, , Bailliére, Tindal & Cassel, London; 
Bruce, D.A., Raphaely, R.C., Goldberg, A.J., Zimerman, R.A., Bizlnik, L.T., Svhut, L., Kuhk, D.E., Pathophysiology treatment and outcome following severe head injury in children (1979) Child's Brain, 2, pp. 174-191; 
Najenson, T., 6dCongreso International De Medicina Fisica (1972) Sociology and Rehabilitation in Israel, 2, pp. 474-493; 
Becker, D.P., Miller, J.D., Greenberg, R.P., Yound, M.F., Sakalas, R., The outcome from severe head injury with intensive management (1977) J. Neurosurg, 47, pp. 491-502; 
Carlsson, C.A., von Essen, A., Lofgran, J., Factors affecting the clinical course of patients with severe head injury (1968) J. Neurosurg, 29, pp. 242-251
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907039697&doi=10.3109%2f09638288309166936&partnerID=40&md5=4b8e365c1eef80ef1d4d2005abf68352
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Gastroschisis and omphalocele in Denmark. An epidemiological investigation
T2  - Ugeskrift for Laeger
J2  - UGESKR. LAEG.
VL  - 145
IS  - 17
SP  - 1323
EP  - 1327
PY  - 1983
SN  - 00415782 (ISSN) 
AU  - Bugge, M.
AU  - Hauge, M.
AD  - Arvepatol. Inst., Odense Univ., DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
AB  - About the middle of the nineteen seventies a sudden marked increase in the incidence of gastroschisis was demonstrated in Sweden and Norway. On the basis of this observation, an epidemiological investigation of ten Danish birth cohorts (1970-1979) was undertaken as part of a common internordic project. The average point prevalence at the time of birth was found to be 1.41 per 10,000 for gastroschisis and 1.85 per 10,000 for omphalocele. No definite increase in the course of the period of registration could be demonstrated. The age distribution of mothers and infants with pronounced peak at about 20 years and with no observed cases after the age of 29 years. The frequency of omphalocele is not definitely associated with maternal age. Severe congenital malformations were found mainly accompanying omphalocele and nearly 10% of these were shown to have trisomy. These findings, together with the conditions of perinatal survival and other epidemiological characteristics, emphasize that classification of gastroschisis and omphalocele under one heading is no longer acceptable.
KW  - classification
KW  - congenital disorder
KW  - congenital malformation
KW  - digestive system
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - etiology
KW  - gastroschisis
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - geographic pathology
KW  - human
KW  - omphalocele
KW  - stomach
KW  - trisomy
KW  - abdominal wall musculature
KW  - adult
KW  - article
KW  - Denmark
KW  - female
KW  - newborn
KW  - umbilical hernia
KW  - Abdominal Muscles
KW  - Adult
KW  - Denmark
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Female
KW  - Hernia, Umbilical
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Stomach
N1  - Cited By :17
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: UGLAA
C2  - 6224329
LA  - Danish
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020626478&partnerID=40&md5=37abfc897d4e654ee71d5f6c7415f36d
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Posterior urethral valves in the British isles:A multicenter B.A.P.S. review
T2  - Journal of Pediatric Surgery
J2  - J. Pediatr. Surg.
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
SP  - 70
EP  - 74
PY  - 1983
DO  - 10.1016/S0022-3468(83)80276-0
SN  - 00223468 (ISSN) 
AU  - Atwell, J.D.
AD  - Southampton, England, United Kingdom
AB  - The management of 108 patients with posteriorurethral valves from 7 pediatric surgical centers has been reviewed. All the patients have been treated in the 10 year period since 1970. 53 were under 3 mo of age at presentation (Group I), 8 between 3 mo and 1 yr (Group II), 22 between 1 and 5 yr (Group III), and 25 over 5 yr of age (Group IV). Under 5 yr of age urinary infection (37) and renal failure (22) were the commonest methods of presentation. Over 5 yr of age diurnal and nocturnal enuresis were the commenest sysptoms. Endoscopic fulguration of the valves with or without preliminary catheter drainage has been the treatment of choice. Repeated fulguration of residual valve cusps was often required. The incidence of urethral stricture (2 patients) was highest after the use of the resectoscope. Refashioning and reimplantation of the ureters is associated with a high complication rate and is not recommended. Secondary operations on the bladder neck have been avoided in this series due to the risk of incontinence. 8 patients died (7.4%) and 7 of these deaths occurred in patients presenting under 3 mo of age. One patient died from renal failure 7 yr after the diagnosis of posterior urethral valves at 2 yr of age. It is suggested that the high mortality from renal failure in the group presenting early is related to renal dysplasia. © 1983 Grune & Stratton, Inc.
KW  - Posterior urethral valves
KW  - bladder
KW  - clinical article
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - endoscopy
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - etiology
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - human
KW  - kidney dysplasia
KW  - kidney failure
KW  - mortality
KW  - preschool child
KW  - school child
KW  - therapy
KW  - urethra valve
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Drainage
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant
KW  - Male
KW  - Urethra
KW  - Urethral Obstruction
N1  - Cited By :67
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Review
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JPDSA
C2  - 6834230
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Atwell, J.D.; Southampton, England, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Tsingoglou, Dickson, Lower urinary obstruction in infancy (1972) Arch Dis Child, 47, pp. 215-217; 
Williams, Whitaker, Barratt, Urethral valves (1973) Br J Urol, 45, pp. 200-210; 
Young, Frontz, Baldwin, Congenital obstruction of the posterior urethra (1919) J Urol, 3, p. 289; 
Hendren, Posterior urethral valves in boys: A broad clinical spectrum (1971) J Urol, 106, pp. 298-307; 
Williams, Eckstein, Obstructive valves in the posterior urethra (1965) J Urol, 93, pp. 236-246; 
Bruce, Gonzales, Cutaneous vesicostomy: a useful form of tempory diversion in children (1980) J Urol, 123, pp. 927-928; 
Allen, Vesicostomy for the tempory diversion of the urine in small children (1980) J Urol, 123, pp. 929-931; 
Myers, Walder, Prevention of urethral strictures in the management of posterior urethral valves (1981) J Urol, 126, pp. 655-657; 
Whitaker, Keeton, Williams, Posterior urethral valves: A study of urinary control after operation (1972) J Urol, 108, p. 171; 
Kurth, Alleman, Schroder, Major and minor complications of posterior urethral valves (1981) J Urol, 126, pp. 517-519; 
Henneberry, Stephens, Renal hypoplasia and dysplasia in infants with posterior urethral valves (1980) J Urol, 123, pp. 912-915; 
Ransley P: Personal communicationUR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020680611&doi=10.1016%2fS0022-3468%2883%2980276-0&partnerID=40&md5=6de7511e418a5d7f63424624a68f7171
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Cigarette smoking among successive birth cohorts of men and women in the United States during 1900-80
T2  - Journal of the National Cancer Institute
J2  - J. NATL. CANCER INST.
VL  - 71
IS  - 3
SP  - 473
EP  - 479
PY  - 1983
SN  - 00278874 (ISSN) 
AU  - Harris, J.E.
AD  - Dep. Econ., Massachusetts Inst. Technol., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
AB  - Trends in cigarette smoking among successive cohorts of men and women were reconstructed from smoking histories of respondents to the 1978-80 Health Interview Surveys. Estimated smoking rates among the older cohorts were then adjusted for the differential mortality of cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. By 1920, over half of the young male population smoked cigarettes. Not until 1950 did more than a third of the young female population smoke cigarettes. The proportion of men who ever smoked cigarettes progressively declined with each successive cohort born after 1920. By contrast, the proportion of women who ever smoked declined only among cohorts born after 1940. Cessation of cigarette smoking from age 30 years onward was observed for all cohorts of men. Cessation rates accelerated for men who reached age 30 after 1960. By contrast, smoking cessation from age 30 was observed only for women who reached age 30 after 1950. Cessation rates accelerated only for women who reached age 30 after 1970. For each cohort, recent smoking cessation rates for men have exceeded those for women. Maximum exposure to cigarette smoking probably occurred among men who are now in their seventh and eighth decades. By contrast, peak exposure to smoking probably occurred among women who are now only in their fifth and sixth decades.
KW  - birth order
KW  - cigarette smoking
KW  - controlled study
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - etiology
KW  - human
KW  - normal human
KW  - prevalence
KW  - respiratory system
KW  - sex difference
KW  - social aspect
KW  - united states
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Health Surveys
KW  - Human
KW  - Medical History Taking
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
N1  - Cited By :148
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JNCIA
C2  - 6577223
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020519860&partnerID=40&md5=70f7a75dc5e203d85e95260911f5a5d0
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Secular trends in the distributions of the breast cancer risk factors-menarche, first birth, menopause, and weight-in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan
T2  - American Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Am. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 118
IS  - 1
SP  - 78
EP  - 89
PY  - 1983
DO  - 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113619
SN  - 00029262 (ISSN) 
AU  - Hoel, D.G.
AU  - Wakabayashi, T.
AU  - Pike, M.C.
AD  - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciencesxy, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709xy, United States
AD  - Division of Epidemiology and Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
AD  - Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Medical School, Los Angeles, CA, United States
AB  - Hoel, D. G. (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709), T. Wakabayashi and M. C. Pike. Secular trends in the distributions of the breast cancer risk factors-menarche, first birth, menopause and weight-in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Am J Epidemiol 1983; 118: 78-89.The results of a mail survey completed by approximately 21,000 female atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1970 are studied wtth respect to menarche, first birth, menopause, and weight. These known risk factors for breast cancer can be used to explain some but not all of the differences in Japanese and US breast cancer rates. The results for age at menarche are the most striking, with the presence of a strong secular trend. The average age at menarche in Japan was observed to decrease from 16.4 years for women born In 1902 to 14.4 years for women born in 1942. However, a temporary increase was observed in women whose menarche was expected to occur during the war years of the early 1940s. Differences between US and Japanese women were also observed in age at first birth and nulliparity rates. Age at menopause was similar for the two groups, although US women have a considerably higher rate of surgically induced menopause. Within each birth cohort, It is shown that body weight is negatively correlated with age at menarche and positively correlated with age at menopause. © 1983 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health.
KW  - Age factors
KW  - Body weight
KW  - Breast neoplasms
KW  - Menarche
KW  - Menopause
KW  - adolescent
KW  - age
KW  - body weight
KW  - breast
KW  - breast cancer
KW  - endocrine system
KW  - female genital system
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - growth
KW  - human
KW  - japan
KW  - menarche
KW  - menopause
KW  - short survey
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Body Weight
KW  - Breast Neoplasms
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Epidemiologic Methods
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Japan
KW  - Menarche
KW  - Menopause
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Parity
KW  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
KW  - United States
PB  - Oxford University Press
N1  - Cited By :54
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJEPA
C2  - 6869366
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hoel, D.G.; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciencesxy, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709xy, United States
N1  - References: Waterhouse, J., Muir, C., Correa, P., Cancer Incidence in Five Continents. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, , Scientific publication no. 15; 
Macmahon, B., Cole, P., Brown, J., Etiology of human breast cancer: A review (1973) JNCI, 50, pp. 21-42; 
Haenazel, W., Kurihara, M., Studies of Japanese immigrants. I. Mortality from cancer and other diseases among Japanese in the United States (1968) JNCI, 40, pp. 43-68; 
Buell, P., Changing incidence of breast cancer in Japanese-American women (1973) JNCI, 51, pp. 1479-1483; 
(1981) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results: Incidence and Mortality Data, 1973-77, , Bethesda, MD: NCI Monograph 57, NIH publication no. 81-2330; 
Miller, A.B., Bulbrook, R.D., The epidemiology and etiology of breast cancer (1980) N Engl J Med, 303, pp. 1246-1248; 
Macmahon, B., (1973) Age at Menarche, , (Vital and Health Statistics, Series 11, No. 133). Washington DC: US GPO, DHEW Publication No. (HRA) 74-1615; 
Fertility Tables for Birth Cohorts by Color, United States, 1917-1973, , Washington DC: US GPO, (DHEW Publication No. (HRA) 76-1152; 
Macmahon, B., Worcester, J., (1966) Age at Menopause, United States, 1960-1962, , Vital and Health Statistics, Series 11, No. 19). Washington DC: US GPO, DHEW Publication No. (PHS) 1000; 
Stoudt, H.W., Damon, A., McFarland, R., (1965) Weight, Height, and Selected Body Dimensions of Adults, United States, 1960-1962, , (Vital and Health Statistics, Series 11, No. 8). Washington DC: US GPO, DHEW Publication No. (HRA) 1-44; 
Kagawa, Y., Impact of westernization on the nutrition of Japanese: Changes in physique, cancer, longevity and centenarians (1978) Prev Med, 7, pp. 205-217; 
Krailo, M.D., Pike, M.C., Estimation of the distribution of age at natural menopause from prevalence data (1983) Am J Epidemiol, 117, pp. 356-361; 
Pike, M.C., Henderson, B.E., Casagrande, J.T., The epidemiology of breast cancer as it relates to menarche, pregnancy, and menopause (1981) Banbury Report 8, Hormones and Breast Cancer, pp. 3-19. , Pike MC, Siiteri PK, Welsch CW, eds., Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; 
Moolgavkar, S.H., Day, N.E., Stevens, R.G., Twostage model for carcinogens: Epidemiology of breast cancer in females (1980) JNCI, 65, pp. 559-569; 
Bullough, V.L., Age at menarche: A misunderstanding (1981) Science, 213, pp. 365-366; 
Tanner, J.M., Menarcheal age (1981) Science, 214, p. 604; 
Wyshak, G., Frisch, R.E., Evidence for a secular trend in age of menarche (1982) N Engl J Med, 306, pp. 1033-1035; 
Stevens, R.G., Moolgavkar, S.H., Lee, J., Temporal trends in breast cancer (1982) Am J Epidemiol, 115, pp. 759-777; 
Pike, M.C., Krailo, M.D., Henderson, B.E., Hormonal' Risk Factors and the Age-Incidence of Breast Cancer, , Manuscript; 
Lindquist, O., Bengtsson, C., Menopausal age in relation to smoking (1979) Acta Med Scand, 205, pp. 73-77; 
Fergusson, D., Erson, T.J., Morphological evaluation of cell turnover in relation to the menstrual cycle in the "resting" human breast (1981) Br J Cancer, 44, pp. 177-181; 
Siiteri, P.K., Macdonald, P.C., The role of extraglandular estrogen in human endocrinology (1973) Handbook of Physiology, pp. 615-629. , Geiger SR, et al., eds., New York: American Physiological Society; 
Siiteri, P.K., Hammond, G.L., Nisker, J.A., Increased availability of serum estrogens in breast cancer a new hypothesis (1981) Banbury Report 8, Hormones and Breast Cancer, pp. 87-101. , Pike MC, Siiteri PK, Welsch CW, eds., Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; 
Nisker, J.A., Hammond, G.L., Davidson, B.J., Serum sex hormone binding globulin capacity and the percentage of free estradiol in postmenopausal women with and without endometrial carcinoma (1980) Am J Obstet Gynecol, 138, pp. 637-642; 
Armstrong, B.K., Doll, R., Environmental factors and cancer incidence and mortality in different countries, with special reference to dietary practices (1975) Int J Cancer, 15, pp. 617-631; 
Henderson, B.E., Pike, M.C., Casagrande, J.T., Breast cancer and the estrogen window hypothesis (1981) Lancet, 2, pp. 363-364; 
Wallace, R., Sherman, B., Bean, J., Menstrual cycle patterns and breast cancer risk factors (1978) Cancer Res, 38, pp. 4021-4024
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020625573&doi=10.1093%2foxfordjournals.aje.a113619&partnerID=40&md5=69eacd2e3c8e0329c26b5ca93754bae9
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sex differences in separation and divorce: A longitudinal perspective
T2  - Issues in Mental Health Nursing
J2  - Issues Ment. Health Nurs.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1-4
SP  - 103
EP  - 120
PY  - 1983
DO  - 10.3109/01612848309009435
SN  - 01612840 (ISSN) 
AU  - Caldwell, R.A.
AU  - Bloom, B.L.
AU  - Hodges, W.F.
AD  - Michigan State University, MI, United States
AD  - University of Colorado, CO, United States
AB  - One of the most significant changes in American society in the past two decades has been the dramatic increase in the number of separations and divorces. Between 1962 and 1981, the number of divorces in the United States tripled (National Center for Health Statistics, 1982). From 1970 to 1977, the divorce rate in the United States increased 79 percent (Camara et al., 1980). In the past several years, however, while the number of divorces has continued to increase, the divorce rate has stabilized. Nevertheless, there are currently over one million divorces granted annually in the United States. Since there is an average of one child per divorcing couple, these divorces represent a serious disruption in the lives of more than three million people every year (Bloom et al., in press). Current projections suggest that the near future will be little different from the recent past, and that about one-third of married persons between 25 and 35 years of age in 1975 will divorce (Camara et al., 1980). © 1983 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - adaptive behavior
KW  - divorce
KW  - family size
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - human relation
KW  - longitudinal study
KW  - male
KW  - marriage
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - review
KW  - sex difference
KW  - social support
KW  - Adaptation, Psychological
KW  - Divorce
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Interpersonal Relations
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Marriage
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Single Person
KW  - Social Support
KW  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :14
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 6392188
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Caldwell, R.A.; Michigan State University, MI, United States
N1  - References: Ahrons, C.R., The continuing coparental relationship between divorced spouses (1981) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 51, pp. 415-428; 
Albrecht, S.L., Kunz, P.R., The decision to divorce: A social exchange perspective (1980) Journal of Divorce, 3, pp. 319-337; 
Andrews, F.M., Withey, S.B., (1976) Social indicators of well being: American 's perceptions of life quality, , Plenum Press, New York; 
Bernard, J., (1972) The future of marriage, , World Press, New York; 
Bloom, B.L., Asher, S.J., White, S.W., Marital disruption as a stressor: A review and analysis (1978) Psychological Bulletin, 85, pp. 867-894; 
Bloom, B.L., Caldwell, R.A., Sex differences in adjustment during the process of marital separation (1981) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 43, pp. 693-701; 
Bloom, B.L., Hodges, W.F., The predicament of the newly separated (1981) Community Mental Health Journal, 17, pp. 277-293; 
Bloom, B.L., Hodges, W.F., Caldwell, R.A., A preventive program for the newly separated: Initial evaluation (1982) American Journal of Community Psychology, 10, pp. 251-264; 
Brown, C.A., Feldberg, R., Fox, E.M., Kohen, J., Divorce: Chance of a new lifetime (1976) Journal of Social Issues, 32, pp. 119-133; 
Brown, P., Manela, R., Changing family roles: Women and divorce (1978) Journal of Divorce, 1, pp. 315-328; 
Camara, K.A., Baker, O., Dayton, C., Impact of separation and divorce on youths and families (1980) Environmental variables and the prevention of mental illness, , In P.M. Insel (ed.) D.C. Heath, Lexington, MA; 
Chiriboga, D.A., Thurnher, M., Marital lifestyles and adjustment to separation (1980) Journal of Divorce, 3, pp. 379-390; 
Defrain, J., Eirick, R., Coping as divorced single parents: A comparative study of fathers and mothers (1981) Family Relations, 30, pp. 265-273; 
Espenshade, T.J., The economic consequences of divorce (1979) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47, pp. 615-625; 
Gove, W.R., The relationship between sex-roles, marital status, and mental illness (1972) Social Forces, 57, pp. 34-44; 
Granvold, D.K., Pedler, L.M., Schellie, S.G., A study of sex role expectancy and female postdivorce adjustment (1979) Journal of Divorce, 2, pp. 383-393; 
Hackney, G.R., Ribordy, S.C., An empirical investigation of emotional reactions to divorce (1980) Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56, pp. 105-110; 
Hoffman, S., Holmes, J., Husbands, wives and divorce (1976) Five-thousand American families: Patterns of economic progress, 4. , In G.J. Duncan, J.N. Morgan (eds.) Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI; 
Kitson, G.C., Sussman, M.B., Marital complaints, demographic characteristics, and symptoms of mental distress in divorce (1982) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 44, pp. 87-101; 
Mott, F.L., Moore, S.F., The causes of marital disruption among young American women: An interdisciplinary perspective (1919) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 41, pp. 355-365; 
National Center for Health Statistics. Births, marriages, divorces, and deaths for 1981 (1982) Monthly vital statistics report, 30 (12), pp. 1-12; 
Nelson, G., Moderators of women's and children's adjustment following parental divorce (1981) Journal of Divorce, 4, pp. 71-83; 
Pearson, W., Jr., Hendrix, L., Divorce and the status of women (1979) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47, pp. 375-385; 
Steinmann, A., Fox, D.J., (1974) The Male Dilemma, , Jason Aroson, New York; 
Warheit, G.J., Holzer, C.E., Bell, R.A., Arey, S.A., Sex, marital status, and mental health: A reappraisal (1976) Social Forces, 55, pp. 459-470; 
Weiss, R.S., (1975) Marital Separation, , Basic Books, New York; 
White, L.K., Sex differentials in the effect of remarriage on global happiness (1979) Journal of Marriage and the Family, 47, pp. 869-876
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020978308&doi=10.3109%2f01612848309009435&partnerID=40&md5=1fe7bea3e995a1abf224f801bcc331b3
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Recent findings from the 1970 child health and education study: Preliminary communication
T2  - Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
J2  - J. R. SOC. MED.
VL  - 75
IS  - 10
SP  - 781
EP  - 784
PY  - 1982
SN  - 01410768 (ISSN) 
AU  - Butler, N.R.
AU  - Haslum, M.
AU  - Golding, J.
AU  - Stewart-Brown, S.
AD  - Dep. Child Health, Univ. Bristol, R. Hosp. Sick Child., Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
AB  - The progress is described of the longitudinal cohort study based on all children born in England, Scotland and Wales in one week of April 1970. The children and their mothers have been surveyed at birth, at five, and recently, at ten. Analyses of the data presented include the finding of improved intellectual outcome in children who had been immunized against pertussis, compared with poor intellectual outcome in children who had had hospital admissions for the disease itself. Preliminary data collected at 10 show that routine hearing and vision testing during the child's school life fell short of recommended standards. The major aim of the 10-year-old contact, however, is to establish details of the national prevalence and pathogenesis of disability. The identification of disability uses a life skills questionnaire, medical history and examination.
KW  - child
KW  - child health care
KW  - child welfare
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - education
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - growth
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - preschool child
KW  - school child
KW  - Child
KW  - Disabled Persons
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Health Surveys
KW  - Hearing Tests
KW  - Human
KW  - Immunization
KW  - Intelligence
KW  - Learning Disorders
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Mental Retardation
KW  - Vision Tests
KW  - Whooping Cough
N1  - Cited By :19
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: JRSMD
C2  - 6215488
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020465667&partnerID=40&md5=b5663a53407aaa58dd2356372eeb11c8
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - A cross-national epidemiological resource: The Swedish and Finnish cohort studies of like-sexed twins
T2  - International Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Int. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
SP  - 387
EP  - 390
PY  - 1982
DO  - 10.1093/ije/11.4.387
SN  - 03005771 (ISSN) 
AU  - Cederlöf, R.
AU  - Rantasalo, I.
AU  - Floderus-myrhed, B.
AU  - Hammar, N.
AU  - Kaprio, J.
AU  - Koskenvuo, M.
AU  - Langinvainio, H.
AU  - Sarna, S.
AD  - Department of Environmental Hygiene, Karolinska Institute, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, S-10401, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Department of Public Health Science, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, SF-00290, Helsinki 29, Finland
AB  - Cederlöf R (Department of Environmental Hygiene, Karolinska Institute and National Institute of Environmental Medicine, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden), Rantasalo I, Floderus-Myrhed, B, Hammar N, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo M, Langinvainio H, Sarna S. A cross-national epidemiological resource: the Swedish and Finnish cohort studies of like-sexed twins. International Journal of Epidemiology 1982, 11: 387-390.Two large-scale studies of adult like-sexed twin pairs are ongoing in Sweden and Finland. Both studies comprise an unselected series that has been studied in a comparable fashion. Zygosity determination and health questionnaire data-gathering were carried out in 1973 for the Swedish study and in 1975 for the Finnish study for the comparable age groups. Data on hospital usage, cancer incidence and mortality are collected by record-linkage from the respective national registries. Cross-national twin studies can permit testing of hypotheses of the relationships between genetic and cultural factors and major chronic diseases and their risk factors. © 1982 Oxford University Press.
KW  - dizygotic twins
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - fatality
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - heredity
KW  - human
KW  - human experiment
KW  - methodology
KW  - monozygotic twins
KW  - morbidity
KW  - mortality
KW  - twins
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Cross-Cultural Comparison
KW  - Diseases in Twins
KW  - Epidemiologic Methods
KW  - Female
KW  - Finland
KW  - Humans
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Morbidity
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Sweden
KW  - Twins
KW  - Twins, Dizygotic
KW  - Twins, Monozygotic
N1  - Cited By :7
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: IJEPB
C2  - 6891377
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Cederlöf, R.; Department of Environmental Hygiene, Karolinska Institute, National Institute of Environmental Medicine, S-10401, Stockholm, Sweden
N1  - References: Stamler, J., Epidemiology of coronary heart disease (1973) Med Clin N Am, 57 (1); 
Keys, A., (1980) Seven Countries. a Multivariate Analysis of Death and Coronary Heart Disease. Cambridge, , Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; 
Cederlof, R., Friberg, L., Lundman, T., The interactions of smoking, environment and heredity and their implications for disease etiology (1977) A Da Med Scand; 
Cederlof, R., Epstein, F.H., Friberg, L., Hrubec, Z., Radford, E.P., Twin registries in the study of chronic disease. Report of an International Symposium in San Juan, Puerto Rico, 1-4 Dec, 1969 (1971) Ada Med Scand; 
Cederlof, R., (1966) The Twin Method in Epidemiological Studies on Chronic Disease, , Diss Acad, University of Stockholm; 
Medlund, P., Cederlof, R., Floderus-Myrhed, B., Friberg, L., Sorensen, S., A New Swedish Twin Registry (1977) Ada Med Scand; 
Kaprio, J., Sarna, S., Koskenvuo, M., Rantasalo, I., (1978) The Finnish Twin Registry: Baseline Characteristics, , Section II: Publications of the Department of Public Health Science M37, Helsinki; 
Kaprio, J., Koskenvuo, M., Artimo, M., Sarna, S., Rantasalo, I., (1979) The Finnish Twin Registry: Baseline Characteristics, , Section I: Publications of the Department of Public Health Science M47, Helsinki; 
Rose, G.A., The diagnosis of ischaemic heart pain and intermittent claudication in field surveys (1962) WHO Bulletin, 27, p. 645; 
Standardized questionnaire on respiratory symptoms, College of General Practitioners (1960) Br Med J, 2, p. 1665; 
Floderus, B., Psycho-social factors in relation to coronary heart disease and associated risk factors (1974) Nord Hyg Tidskr; 
Cederlof, R., Friberg, L., Jonsson, E., Kaij, L., Studies on similarity diagnosis in twins with the aid of mailed questionnaires (1961) Ada Genet, 11, p. 338; 
Sarna, S., Kaprio, J., Sistonen, P., Koskenvuo, M., Diagnosis of twin zygosity by mailed questionnaire (1978) Human Heredity, 28, pp. 241-254; 
Sarna, S., Kaprio, J., Use of multiple logistic analysis in twin zygosity diagnosis (1980) Human Heredity, 30, pp. 71-80; 
Tarkkonen, L., Koskenvuo, M., Kaprio, J., Langinvainio, H., Floderus-Myrhed, B., (1981) Cross-Validation of the Eysenck Extroversion and Neuroticism Scales in Finland and Sweden, , Publications of the Department of Public Health Science M62, Helsinki; 
Holmberg, I., A study of mortality among cohorts born in the 18th and 19th century (1970) Cohort Mortality of Sweden. Statistical Reports Be 1970, 3. , National Bureau of Statistics, Stockholm; 
Kolari, R., Cohort Mortality in Finland from 1851 (1980) Central Statistical Office of Finland, p. 57; 
Vedin, A., Wilhelmsson, C., Bolander, A.M., Werko, L., Mortality trend in Sweden 1951-1968 with special reference to cardiovascular causes of death (1971) Ada Med Scand; 
Bolander, A., Comparative study of Mortality by cause in four nordic countries, 1966-1968, with special reference to Male Excess Mortality (1971) Statistical Reports 1971, 9. , National Central Bureau of Statistics; 
(1976) Myocardial Infarction Community Registers, , Copenhagen, WHO
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020454548&doi=10.1093%2fije%2f11.4.387&partnerID=40&md5=abe421ba70bd26df0d519d1f7bc930a3
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Previous Hospital Care as a Risk Factor for Pneumonia: Implications for Immunization With Pneumococcal Vaccine
T2  - JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
J2  - JAMA
VL  - 248
IS  - 16
SP  - 1989
EP  - 1995
PY  - 1982
DO  - 10.1001/jama.1982.03330160037022
SN  - 00987484 (ISSN) 
AU  - Fedson, D.S.
AU  - Baldwin, J.A.
AD  - Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, United Kingdom
AD  - Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
AB  - In the Oxford Record Linkage Study population in 1970, seven hundred ninety-three persons were hospitalized for or died as a result of pneumonia. Thirty-six percent who survived and 49% who died had been discharged from hospital within the previous five years. For the period 1963 through 1970, cohort analysis determined the probability of subsequent readmission and/or death caused by pneumonia within the next five years for patients discharged with any condition and with high-risk conditions only. From this analysis, it was estimated that pneumococcal immunization of relatively few discharged patients would prevent each subsequent readmission and death from pneumococcal pneumonia. These results suggest that, in addition to age and underlying medical condition, patterns of previous hospital care can be used to identify many persons at increased risk of developing pneumonia. If current patterns of previous hospital care are similar to those found in Oxfordshire, physicians should consider giving pneumococcal vaccine to patients who are discharged from hospitals. © 1982, American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
KW  - pneumococcus vaccine
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - hospital care
KW  - incidence
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - pneumonia
KW  - prevention
KW  - respiratory system
KW  - risk factor
KW  - short survey
KW  - united states
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Bacterial Vaccines
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Human
KW  - Immunization
KW  - Infant
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Patient Discharge
KW  - Patient Readmission
KW  - Pneumonia
KW  - Pneumonia, Pneumococcal
KW  - Risk
KW  - Streptococcus pneumoniae
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - United States
N1  - Cited By :45
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 7120627
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Baldwin, J.A.; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Medical Center (Box 494), Charlottesville, VA 22908, United States
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Bacterial Vaccines
N1  - References: (1980) Mortality Statistics: Cause—1978, series DH2 No. 5, , Office of Population Censuses and Surveys; 
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (1981) MMWR, 30, pp. 410-419; 
Turk, D.C., Frequencies of pneumococcal types causing serious infections in patients admitted to the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, 1969-77 (1978) J Hyg Camb, 81, pp. 227-238; 
Austrian, R., Douglas, R.M., Schiffman, G., Prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia by vaccination (1976) Trans Assoc Am Physicians, 89, pp. 184-194; 
Broome, C.V., Facklam, R.R., Fraser, D.W., Pneumococcal disease after pneumococcal vaccination: An alternative method to estimate the efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine (1980) N Engl J Med, 303, pp. 549-552; 
Austrian, R., The assessment of pneumococcal vaccine (1980) N Engl J Med, 303, pp. 578-580; 
Indications for pneumococcal vaccine, editorial (1981) Lancet, 1, pp. 251-253; 
Hirschmann, J.V., Lipsky, B.A., Pneumococcal vaccine in the United States: A critical analysis (1981) JAMA, 246, pp. 1428-1432; 
Willems, J.S., Sanders, C.R., Riddiough, M.A., Cost effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal pneumonia (1980) N Engl J Med, 303, pp. 553-559; 
Patrick, K.M., Woolley, F.R., A cost-benefit analysis of immunization for pneumococcal pneumonia (1981) JAMA, 245, pp. 473-477; 
(1979) United States Immunization Survey: 1978, , US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare publication (CDC) 79-8221. Atlanta, Centers for Disease Control; 
(1965) Hospitalization in the Last Year of Life— United States 1961, , US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare, series 22, 1, table 2. National Center for Health Statistics; 
(1965) Episodes and Duration of Hospitalization in the Last Year of Life: United States—1961, , US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare, series 22, 2, tables 6 and 10. National Center for Health Statistics; 
Hilleman, M.R., Carlson, A.J., Jr, McLean, A.A., Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide vaccine: Age and dose responses, safety, persistence of antibody, revaccination, and simultaneous administration of pneumococcal and influenza vaccines (1981) Rev Infect Dis, 3, pp. S31-S42; 
Heidelberger, M., Dilapi, M.M., Siegel, M., Persistence of antibodies in human subjects injected with pneumococcal polysaccharides (1950) J Immunol, 65, pp. 535-541; 
Acheson, E.D., (1967) Medical Record Linkage, , Oxford, England, Oxford University Press; 
Baldwin, J.A., Linked record medical information systems (1973) Proc R Soc Lond, 184, pp. 403-420; 
Barker, W.H., Mullooly, J.P., Pneumonia and influenza deaths during epidemics: Implications for prevention (1982) Arch Intern Med, 142, pp. 85-89; 
Austrian, R., Gold, J., Pneumococcal bacteremia with especial reference to bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (1964) Ann Intern Med, 60, pp. 759-776; 
Mufson, M.A., Pneumococcal infections (1981) JAMA, 246, pp. 1942-1948; 
Foy, H.M., Wentworth, B., Kenny, G.E., Pneumococcal isolations from patients with pneumonia and control subjects in a prepaid medical care group (1975) Am Rev Respir Dis, 111, pp. 595-603; 
Austrian, R., Random gleanings from a life with the pneumococcus (1975) J Infect Dis, 131, pp. 474-484; 
Filice, G.A., Darby, C.P., Fraser, D.W., Pneumococcal bacteremia in Charlestown County, South Carolina (1980) Am J Epidemiol, 112, pp. 828-835; 
Saitz, E.W., Pneumococcal pneumonia: A misleading diagnosis for audit studies (1978) JAMA, 239, p. 2372; 
(1963) Active Immunization Against Infectious Disease, , Prepared by The Standing Medical Advisory Committee for The Central Health Services Council and The Minister of Health, March; 
(1975) United States Immunization Survey: 1974, , US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare publication (CDC) 75-8221. Atlanta, Centers for Disease Control; 
Pantell, R.H., Stewart, T.J., The pneumococcal vaccine: Immunization at a crossroad (1979) JAMA, 241, pp. 2272-2274
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019970820&doi=10.1001%2fjama.1982.03330160037022&partnerID=40&md5=6fd3e6daeb99ffa5418fe0449c0ecd80
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - BREAST-FEEDING, BRONCHITIS, AND ADMISSIONS FOR LOWER-RESPIRATORY ILLNESS AND GASTROENTERITIS DURING THE FIRST FIVE YEARS
T2  - The Lancet
J2  - Lancet
VL  - 319
IS  - 8283
SP  - 1227
EP  - 1229
PY  - 1982
DO  - 10.1016/S0140-6736(82)92347-9
SN  - 01406736 (ISSN) 
AU  - Taylor, B.
AU  - Golding, J.
AU  - Wadsworth, J.
AU  - Butler, N.
AD  - Child Health and Education Study, Department of Child Health, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
AB  - The possible influence of breast-feeding on reported bronchitis and on admissions to hospital for lower-respiratory illness and gastroenteritis during the first five years was assessed in a longitudinal national British study of 13 135 children. Breast-feeding was found to have no significant association with rates of bronchitis or admission to hospital with lower-respiratory illness after allowance was made for influences associated with both lower-respiratory illness and likelihood of breast-feeding (maternal smoking, family social status, and birthweight). Admissions to hospital for gastroenteritis in the first year were marginally less likely in breast-fed infants. © 1982.
KW  - breast
KW  - breast feeding
KW  - bronchitis
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - digestive system
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - gastroenteritis
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - infant
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - newborn
KW  - normal human
KW  - normal value
KW  - preschool child
KW  - respiratory system
KW  - respiratory tract disease
KW  - Breast Feeding
KW  - Bronchitis
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Gastroenteritis
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Hospitalization
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Respiratory Tract Diseases
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
N1  - Cited By :43
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: LANCA
C2  - 6122982
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Taylor, B.; Child Health and Education Study, Department of Child Health, University of BristolUnited Kingdom
N1  - References: Grulee, Sanford, Herron, Breast and artificial feeding (1934) Journal of the American Medical Association, 103, pp. 735-739; 
Douglas, The extent of breast feeding in Great Britain m 1946 with special reference to the health and survival of children (1950) J Obstet Gynaecol Br Emp, 57, pp. 335-361; 
Robinson, Infant morbidity and mortality: a study of 3266 infants (1951) Lancet, 1, pp. 788-794; 
Plank, Milanesi, Infant feeding and infant mortality in rural Chile (1973) Bull WHO, 48, pp. 203-210; 
Mata, Urrutia, Intestinal colonisation of breast-fed children in a rural area of low socioeconomic level (1971) Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 176, pp. 93-109; 
Cunningham, Morbidity in breast-fed and artificially fed infants (1977) J Pediatr, 90, pp. 726-729; 
Cunningham, Morbidity in breast and artificially fed infants II (1979) J Pediatr, 95, pp. 685-689; 
Watkins, Leeder, Corkhill, The relationship between breast and bottlefeeding and respiratory illness in the first year of life (1979) Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 13, pp. 180-182; 
Palmer, Avery, Taylor, The influence of obstetric procedures and social and cultural factors on breast feeding rates at discharge from hospital (1979) J Epidemiol Commun Hlth, 33, pp. 248-252; 
Spence, Walton, Miller, Court, (1954) A thousand families in Newcastle upon Tyne, , Oxford University Press, London; 
Douglas, Blomfield, (1958) Children under five, , Allen and Unwin, London; 
O'Donnell, Ferguson, Horwood, Shannon, Health care in early infancy (1978) N Z Med J, 88, pp. 315-317; 
Fergusson, Horwood, Shannon, Taylor, Infant health and breast-feeding during the first 16 weeks of life (1978) Aust Paediatr J, 14, pp. 254-258; 
Fergusson, Horwood, Shannon, Taylor, Breast feeding, gastrointestinal and lower respiratory illness in the first two years (1981) Aust Paediatr J, 17, pp. 191-195; 
Chamberlain, Chamberlain, Howlett, Claireaux, (1975) British births 1970, 1. , Heinemann, London, The first week of life; 
Chamberlain, Phillipp, Howlett, Masters, (1978) British births 1970, 2. , Heinemann, London, Obstetric care; 
Osborn, Morris, The rationale for a composite index of social class and its evaluation (1978) The British Journal of Sociology, 30, pp. 39-60; 
Cox, (1970) The analysis of binary data, , Methuen, London; 
Bmdp, (1979) Biomedical computer programs P series, , University of California Press, Berkeley; 
Ironside, Tuxford, Heyworth, A survey of infantile gastroenteritis (1970) Br Med J, 3, pp. 20-24; 
Larsen, Homer, Relation of breast versus bottle feeding to hospitalisation for gastroenteritis in a middle class U.S. population (1978) J Pediatr, 92, pp. 417-418; 
Wheatley, Incidence and treatment of infantile gastroenteritis in general practice (1968) Arch Dis Child, 43, pp. 53-57; 
Adebonojo, Artificial vs breast feeding: relation to infant health in a middle class American community (1972) Clin Pediatr, 11, pp. 25-29; 
Strauss, More on breast versus bottle feeding and the incidence of illness (1978) J Pediatr, 93, p. 726; 
Pullan, Toms, Martin, Webb, Appleton, Breast feeding and respiratory syncytial virus infection (1980) BMJ, 2, pp. 1034-1036
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020035697&doi=10.1016%2fS0140-6736%2882%2992347-9&partnerID=40&md5=7b99ed4680e9a99c725a4f974e274b66
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The correspondence between migration intentions and migration behavior: Data from the 1970 cohort of Filipino graduate students in the united states
T2  - Population and Environment
J2  - Popul Environ
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
SP  - 3
EP  - 25
PY  - 1982
DO  - 10.1007/BF01359049
SN  - 01990039 (ISSN) 
AU  - Card, J.J.
AD  - American Institutes for Research, United States
AB  - Data from a longitudinal study of Filipinos who were in graduate school in the U.S. in 1970 were analyzed to investigate why some students who as graduate students intended to return to the Philippines did return, while others failed to do so. There were no differences between the groups in terms of their migration-related attitudes and motivations as students, or in terms of their perceptions as students of relative economic and career opportunities in the Philippines and the U.S. Instead it was found that members of the two groups underwent different social experiences in the U.S. that caused the noncorresponders to change their original plans regarding return home. Youth, openness to American culture, and freedom to remain in the U.S. following the period of study were the primary antecedents of the change sequence. © 1982 Human Sciences Press.
PB  - Kluwer Academic Publishers-Human Sciences Press
N1  - Cited By :5
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Card, J.J.; American Institutes for ResearchUnited States
N1  - References: Card, J.J., (1980) The aftermath of migration versus return home: Data from the 1970 cohort of Filipino graduate students in the U.S., , American Institutes for Research, P.O. Box 1113, Palo Alto, CA 94302; 
Bello, W.F., Lynch, F., Makil, P.Q., Brain drain in the Philippines (1969) Modernization: Its impact in the Philippines IV, pp. 92-146. , W.F., Bello, A., de Guzman, II, Ateneo de Manila University Press, Quezon City, Philippines; 
Cortes, J.R., (1970) Factors associated with the migration of high-level persons from the Philippines to the U.S.A., , Stanford International Development Education Center, Stanford; 
(1970) Annual Report, , Immigration and Naturalization Service, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C; 
(1969) Open doors, , Institute of International Education, IIE, New York; 
Jayme, J. High-level migration from the Philippines to the U.S. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Carnegie-Mellon University, 1971; (1973) Immigrant scientists and engineers in the U.S., , National Science Foundation, NSF, Washington, D.C
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-33745619658&doi=10.1007%2fBF01359049&partnerID=40&md5=8ad340e782816fa49cb25eda76197a08
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Sib risks for nonspecific mental retardation in British Columbia
T2  - American Journal of Medical Genetics
J2  - AM. J. MED. GENET.
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
SP  - 197
EP  - 208
PY  - 1982
DO  - 10.1002/ajmg.1320130210
SN  - 01487299 (ISSN) 
AU  - Herbst, D.S.
AU  - Baird, P.A.
AD  - Dep. Med. Genet., Univ. British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada
AB  - Cases of nonspecific mental retardation (MR) born in British Columbia between 1952 and 1970 ascertained through the British Columbia Health Surveillance Registry were linked by birth registration number to family sibships from computer-linked groupings of birth and marriage records in British Columbia. It was possible to retrieve family information for 97% of the cases by this method. Because of good ascertainment and relatively large sample size, the 1952-1965 birth cohort comprising 2,209 index cases was selected for calculations of overall risks and recurrence risks to sibs categorized by sex, MR level, associated neurological disability, and singleton versus multiple birth. The overall risk of affected individuals among all sibs was 4.4±0.6%, which was about ten times greater than the minimum population incidence of nonspecific MR. The risk among subsequent sibs of the first affected case in a family was 3.7±0.8%. These risks varied depending on sex, MR level, and whether the mental retardation was associated with hydrocephalus, microcephalus, cerebral palsy, or epilepsy. The recurrence risk after two affected individuals was 12±7% - about three times greater than after one affected individual. Even though the frequency of MR is greater among twins than in the overall population, the recurrence risk of nonspecific MR was not significantly different for index cases from either singleton or multiple births.
KW  - central nervous system
KW  - cerebral palsy
KW  - congenital disorder
KW  - epilepsy
KW  - etiology
KW  - genetic counseling
KW  - genetic risk
KW  - heredity
KW  - hydrocephalus
KW  - inheritance
KW  - mental deficiency
KW  - microcephaly
KW  - prevention
KW  - recurrence risk
KW  - sex difference
KW  - sibling
N1  - Cited By :11
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJMGD
C2  - 7137231
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019901028&doi=10.1002%2fajmg.1320130210&partnerID=40&md5=dedd967d750ed9a2039f8823ba8b1450
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The therapeutic community: Success and improvement rates 5 years after treatment
T2  - Substance Use and Misuse
J2  - Subst. Use Misuse
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
SP  - 703
EP  - 747
PY  - 1982
DO  - 10.3109/10826088209053012
SN  - 10826084 (ISSN) 
AU  - de Leon, G.
AU  - Wexler, H.K.
AU  - Jainchill, N.
AD  - Phoenix House Foundation, New York, NY, 10023, United States
AD  - New York State Division of Substance Abuse Services, New York, NY, 10047, United States
AB  - Dropouts (N= 162) and graduates (N= 75) from the 1970-1971 residential population in Phoenix House were interviewed 5 years after treatment. Composite indices of criminality, drug use, and employment described client status on a four-point outcome scale. Success reflected absence of crime and drug use through all years of follow-up; improvement represented a positive change over pretreat-ment status. Graduate success and improvement rates were 75% and 93% respectively. Among dropouts, the rates were 31% and 56% respectively, but increased by time in program from < 1 month to >20 months (Success = 0-57%; Improvement = 5-89% Results at 2-year follow-up were replicated in a 1974 cohort, providing convincing evidence for the effectiveness of treatment in the therapeutic community. © 1982 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - central nervous system
KW  - criminal behavior
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - short survey
KW  - therapeutic community
KW  - therapy
KW  - United States
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :57
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SUMIF
C2  - 7107092
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: de Leon, G.1010 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10028, United States
N1  - References: Bale, R.N., Outcome research in therapeutic communities for drug abuse: A critical review 1963-1975 (1979) Int. J. Addict., 14 (8), pp. 1053-1074; 
Bale, R.N., Vanstone, W.W., Kuldau, J.M., Engelsing, T.M.J., Elashoff, R.M., Zarcone, V.j.p., Therapeutic communities vs. methadone maintenance: A perspective controlled study of narcotic addiction treatment: Design and one-year follow-up (1980) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 37, pp. 179-193; 
Barr, H., Antes, D., (1981) Factors Related to Recovery and Relapse in Follow-Up, , National Institute on Drug Abuse Washington, DCFinal Report of Project Activities, Grant No. 1H81 DA01864; 
Bondarin, A., New York City's Population-1974 (1976) Socioeconomic Characteristics from the Current Population Survey, , Center for New York City Affairs, New School for Social Research New York, April; 
Brook, R.C., Whitehead, I.C., (1980) Drug Free Therapeutic Community, , Human Sciences Press New York; 
Browne, T., (1980) A Multi-variate Analysis of Treatment Processes in the Therapeutic Community., , Unpublished manuscript; 
Burt, M.R., Pines, S., Glynn, T.J., (1979) Drug Abuse: Its Natural History and the Effectiveness of Current Treatments, , Schenkman Cambridge, Mass; 
Chambers, C.D., Inciardi, J.A., Three years after the split (1975) Developments in the Field of Drug Abuse, , Schenkman Cambridge, Mass; 
De Leon, G., (1979) The Therapeutic Community: Study of Effectiveness, , Final Report of Project ActivitiesNIDA Project No. DA-01228, November; 
De Leon, G., The role of rehabilitation (1981) Drug Abuse in the Modern World-A Perspective for the Eighties, , Eds. G. Nahas, H.C Frick.Pergamon Press New York; 
De Leon, G., (1982) The Therapeutic Community: Study of Effectiveness, , National Institute on Drug Abuse, Services Research Monograph SeriesIn press; 
Barbour, B.H., Koffler, A., Hill, J., Fixed-bed charcoal hemoperfusion as a treatment of drug overdose. Abstract No 979 (1975), Sixth International Congress on Nephrology Firerize; De Leon, G., Andrews, M., Wexler, H.K., Jaffe, J., Rosenthal, M.S., Therapeutic community dropouts: Criminal behavior 5 years after treatment (1979) Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse, 6 (3), pp. 253-271; 
De Leon, G., Holland, S., Rosenthal, M.S., Phoenix House: Criminal activity of dropouts (1972) J. Am. Med. Assoc., 226 (6), pp. 686-689; 
De Leon, G., Jainchill, N., Male and female drug abusers: Social and psychological status 2 years after treatment in a therapeutic community (1981) Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse, 8 (4); 
DeLeon, F., Rosenthal, M.S., Therapeutic communities (1979) Handbook on Drug Abuse, , Eds. R. Dupont, A. Goldstein, J O'Donnell.National Institute on Drug Abuse Washington, DC; 
Holland, S., Gateway Houses: Effectiveness of treatment on criminal behavior (1978) Int. J. Addict., 13 (5), pp. 369-381; 
Joe, G.W., Singh, B.K., Lehman, W., Simpson, D.D., Sells, S.B., (1980) Differences in Client Post Treatment Outcomes Among Drug Abuse Treatment Programs, , Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian UniversityIBR Report 80-12, October; 
(1977) The Nation's Toughest Drug Law: Evaluating the New York Experience, , The Association of the Bar of the City of New York, Drug Abuse Council, Inc.New York; 
Nash, G., (1973) The Impact of Drug Abuse Treatment Upon Criminality: A Look at 19 Programs, , Montclair State College Upper Montclair, N.J; 
Nurco, D., Studying addicts over time: Methodology and preliminary findings (1975) Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse, 2 (2), pp. 183-196; 
Nie, N.H., Hull, C.H., Jenkins, J.G., Steinbrenner, K., Bent, D.H.S.P.S.S., (1975) Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse, , McGraw-Hill New York; 
Sells, S.B., Treatment effectiveness (1979) Handbook on Drug Abuse, , Eds. R. Dupont, A. Goldstein, J O'Donnell.National Institute on Drug Abuse Washington, DC; 
Sells, S.B., Simpson, D.D., Joe, G., Demaree, R., Savage, L., Lloyd, M.A., A national follow-up study to evaluate the effectiveness of drug abuse treatment: A report of cohort 1 of the DARP 5 years later (1976) Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse, 3 (4), pp. 545-556; 
Sheffet, A.M., Quinones, M.A., Doyle, K.M., Lavenhar, M.A., El Nakah, A., Louria, D.B., Assessment of treatment outcomes in a drug abuse rehabilitation network: Newark, New Jersey (1980) Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse, 7 (2), pp. 141-177; 
Simpson, D.D., Savage, L.J., Lloyd, M.R., Sells, S.B., (1978) Evaluation of Drug Abuse Treatments Based on First Year Follow-up. DHEW Publ. No, (ADM) 78-701, , National Institute on Drug Abuse, Services Research Monograph Series; 
Simpson, D.D., Savage, L.J., Sells, S.B., (1980) Evaluation of Outcomes in the First Year after Drug Abuse Treatment: A Replication Study Based on 1972-1973 DARP Admissions, , Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian UniversityIBR Report 80-8; 
Simpson, D.D., Sells, S.B., (1981) Highlights of the DARP Follow-Up Research on the Evaluation of Drug Abuse Treatment Effectiveness (IBR Report 81-3), , Institute of Behavioral Research, Texas Christian University April; 
Winick, C., An empirical assessment of therapeutic communities in New York City (1980) Yearbook of Substance Use and Abuse, , Eds. L. Brill, C Winick.Human Sciences Press New York
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84907122420&doi=10.3109%2f10826088209053012&partnerID=40&md5=42de985fb59d2814a0dfc1d2080e20d9
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Total hip replacement: A ten-year follow-up of an early series
T2  - Acta Orthopaedica
J2  - Acta Orthop.
VL  - 53
IS  - 3
SP  - 397
EP  - 406
PY  - 1982
DO  - 10.3109/17453678208992233
SN  - 17453674 (ISSN) 
AU  - Almby, B.
AU  - Hierton, T.
AD  - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
AB  - A 10-year follow-up study was made on a consecutive series of 93 patients who underwent hip replacement with a metal-to-metal prosthesis-Müller's so-called self-lubricating total hip prosthesis-during the years 1967-1970. Primarily 106 hips were operated on. One-third of the patients died within the 10-year period. of the other two-thirds (63 patients/75 primarily operated hip joints), 38 (57 per cent) still had their primary prostheses and 29 had undergone reoperation. In 18 of the reoperations a new prosthesis was inserted and in 11 the extraction of the primary prosthesis was not followed by replacement. All 63 surviving patients could be traced at the 10-year follow-up. the majority attended for personal examination, including evaluation of pain, walking ability and range of hip movement, and for radiography. In the group who had retained their primary prosthesis there was on the whole a rather good hip function-nevertheless in 75 per cent of these patients signs of loosening of the prosthesis were visible radiographically. of the patients who had undergone reoperation, those with an exchange prosthesis had a better functional capacity than those who were left with a so-called Girdlestone-hip. Deep infection occurred in 8 per cent of the primary 106 cases. There was no onset of infection later than 4 years after the primary surgery. © 1982 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Arthroplasty
KW  - Hip
KW  - Metal-to-metal prosthesis
KW  - Ten-year follow-up
KW  - case report
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - infection
KW  - joint
KW  - prosthesis loosening
KW  - therapy
KW  - total hip prosthesis
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Case Report
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Hip
KW  - Hip Prosthesis
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Metals
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Osteoarthritis
KW  - Pain
KW  - Postoperative Complications
KW  - Reoperation
KW  - Surgical Wound Infection
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :20
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 7090763
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Almby, B.; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital, S-750 14, Uppsala, Sweden
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Metals
N1  - References: Ahlgren, A.A., Gudmundsson, G., Bartholdsson, E., Function after removal of a septic total prosthesis (1980) Acta Orthop. Scand., 51, pp. 541-545; 
Almby, B., Hierton, T., Total hip replacement with Müller's so-called self lubricated total hip prosthesis (1973) Arthroplasty of the hip, , Ed. George Chapchal.Georg Thieme Stuttgart; 
Beckenbaugh, R.D., Ilstrup, D.M., Total hip arthroplasty. A review of three hundred and thirty-three cases with long follow-up (1978) J. Bone Joint Surg., 60-A, pp. 306-313; 
Carlsson, A.S., Josefsson, G., Lindberg, L., Function of fifty-seven septic revised and healed total hip arthroplasties (1980) Acta Orthop. Scand., 51, pp. 937-941; 
Charnley, J., The long-term results of low-friction arthroplasty of the hip performed as a primary intervention (1972) J. Bone Joint Surg., 54-B, pp. 61-76; 
Charnley, J., Low friction arthroplasty of the hip (1979) Theory and practice, , Springer Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, New York; 
Clegg, J., Girdlestone arthroplasty of the hip after infected total hip replacement (1976) J. Bone Joint Surg., 58-B, pp. 134-135; 
Dandy, D.J., Theodorou, B.C., The management of local complications of total hip replacement by the McKee-Farrar technique (1975) J. Bone Joint Surg., 57-B, pp. 30-35; 
Dobbs, H.S., Survivorship of total hip replacements (1980) J. Bone Joint Surg., 62-B, pp. 168-173; 
Hughes, S.P.F., Benson, M.K.D., Infection following total hip replacement in a general hospital without separate orthopaedic theatres (1976) J. Bone Joint Surg., 58-B, pp. 369-370; 
Lindberg, H.O., Mechanical loosening of femur prosthesis in THR (1981) Acta Orthop. Scand., 52, p. 461; 
Lindequist, S., Josefsson, G., (1978) Utbytesoperation eller protesextraktion—vilket ger höftpatienten bästa funktionen, , Svenska Läkaresällskapets Riksstämma Stockholm; 
McKee, G.K., Chen, S.C., The statistics of the McKee-Farrar method of total hip replacement (1973) Clin. Orthop., 95, pp. 26-33; 
Merle d'Aubigné, R., Postel, M., Functional results of hip arthroplasty with acrylic prosthesis (1954) J. Bone Joint Surg., 36-A, pp. 451-475; 
Müller, M.E., Prothèses totales de hanche (1966) SICOT XeCongrès, Paris, pp. 329-335; 
Olsson, S.S., Jernberger, A., Tryggö, D., A follow-up study of 238 operations after 2–7 years (1979) Acta Orthop. Scand., 30, pp. 457-463; 
Petty, W., Goldsmith, S., Resection arthroplasty following infected total hip arthroplasty (1980) J. Bone Joint Surg., 62-A, pp. 889-896; 
Stinchfield, F.E., Bigliani, L.U., Neu, H.C., Goss, T.P., Foster, C.R., Late hematogenous infection of total joint replacement (1980) J. Bone Joint Surg., 62-A, pp. 1345-1350; 
Wilson, P.D., Jr., Amstutz, H.C., Czerniecki, A., Salvati, E.A., Mendes, D.G., Total hip replacement with fixation by acrylic cement (1972) J. Bone Joint Surg., 54-A, pp. 207-235; 
Visuri, T., Salenius, P., Laurent, L.E., Total hip replacement by the Brunswik prosthesis. A preliminary report of 189 operations (1977) Acta Orthop. Scand., 48, pp. 197-203
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019980372&doi=10.3109%2f17453678208992233&partnerID=40&md5=7db27683385e14d5ca869d5c3d446cda
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Pulmonary function after lobectomy for congenital lobar emphysema and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation: A follow-up study
T2  - Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal
J2  - Scand. Cardiovasc. J.
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
SP  - 293
EP  - 298
PY  - 1982
DO  - 10.3109/14017438209101066
SN  - 14017431 (ISSN) 
AU  - Frenckner, B.
AU  - Freyschuss, U.
AD  - Department of Paediatric Surgery, St Göran's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Department of Clinical Physiology, Huddinge Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - Eight patients with congenital lobar emphysema and eight with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations were operated upon between 1970 and 1978. A lobectomy was performed in all cases. At follow-up after 3 to 11 years all of the patients without concomitant disease or malformations were subjectively well with a physical performance equal to those of their playmates. Lung function tests indicated lung volumes of about 90% of predicted normal values, indicating some compensatory growth of the remaining lung tissue. Functional impairment owing to loss of lung tissue or residual disease was ruled out by the existence of a normal working capacity and maintenance of the alveolar gas exchange during intense exercise. © 1982 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - clinical article
KW  - congenital disorder
KW  - congenital malformation
KW  - cystic adenomatoid malformation
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - fetus
KW  - human
KW  - lobar emphysema
KW  - lung
KW  - lung function
KW  - lung lobectomy
KW  - respiratory system
KW  - therapy
KW  - Carbon Dioxide
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Exertion
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Lung
KW  - Male
KW  - Pneumonectomy
KW  - Pulmonary Emphysema
KW  - Respiration
KW  - Respiratory Function Tests
KW  - Rest
KW  - Spirometry
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Time Factors
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :57
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SCJOF
C2  - 6820575
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Frenckner, B.; Department of Paediatric Surgery, St Göran's Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Carbon Dioxide, 124-38-9
N1  - References: McBride, J.T., Wohl, M.E., Strieder, D.J., Jackson, A.C., Morton, J.R., Zwerdling, R.G., Griscom, N.T., Schuster, S., Lung growth and airway function after lobectomy in infancy for congenital lobar emphysema (1980) J Clin Invest, 66, p. 962; 
Brody, J.S., Time course of and stimuli to compensatory growth of the lung after pneumonectomy (1975) J Clin Invest, 56, p. 897; 
Bucci, G., Cook, C.D., Barrie, H., Studies of respiratory physiology in children. Part V. Total lung diffusion, diffusing capacity of pulmonary membrane and pulmonary capillary blood volume in normal subjects from 7 to 40 years of age (1961) J Pediatr, 58, p. 820; 
Buhain, W.J., Brody, J.S., Compensatory growth of the lung following pneumonectomy (1973) J Appl Physiol, 35, p. 898; 
Chin, K.Y., Tang, M.Y., Congenital adenomatoid malformation of one lobe of a lung with general anasarca (1949) Arch Pathol, 48, p. 221; 
Cook, C.D., Bucci, G., Studies of respiratory physiology in children. The late effects of lobectomy on pulmonary function (1961) Pediatrics, 28, p. 234; 
Cramp, D.G., Automated enzymatic fluorometric method for the determination of pyruvic and lactic acids in blood (1968) J Clin Pathol, 21, p. 171; 
Eigen, H., Lemen, R.J., Waring, W.W., Congenital lobar emphysema: Long-term evaluation of surgically and conservatively treated children (1976) Am Rev Respir Dis, 113, p. 823; 
Engström, I., Karlberg, P., Swarts, C.L., Respiratory studies in children. IX. Relationships between mechanical properties of the lungs, lung volumes and ventilatory capacity in healthy children 7–15 years of age (1962) Acta Paediatr (Stockholm), 51, p. 68; 
Filler, J., The effects upon pulmonary function of lobectomy performed during childhood (1964) Am Rev Respir Dis, 89, p. 801; 
Halloran, L.G., Silverberg, S.G., Salzberg, A.M., Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung (1972) Arch Surg, 104, p. 715; 
Langston, C., Sachdeva, P., Cowan, M.J., Haines, J., Crystal, R.G., Thurlbeck, W.M., Alveolar multiplication in the contra-lateral lung after unilateral prieumonectomy in the rabbit (1977) Am Rev Respir Dis, 115, p. 7; 
Lewis, J.E., Pulmonary and bronchial malformations (1980) Pediatric surgery, , Eds. T.M. Holder, K.W. Ashcroft., W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia; 
Massion, W.H., Caldwell, D.R., Early, N.A., Schilling, J.A., The relationship of dry lung weights to pulmonary function in dogs and humans (1962) J Surg Res, 2, p. 287; 
Mattila, S., Järvinen, A., Viljanen, A., The effect of lung resection on pulmonary ventilation and perfusion in man. A radiospirometric study (1974) Ann Chir Gynaecol Fenn, 63, p. 271; 
DeMuth, G.R., Sloan, H., Congenital lobar emphysema: long-term effects and sequelae in treated cases (1966) Surgery, 59, p. 601; 
Rannels, D.E., White, D.M., Watkins, C.A., Rapidity of compensatory lung growth following pneumonectomy in adult rats (1979) J Appl Physiol, 46, p. 326; 
Söderlund, S., Robertson, B., Borlenghi, R., Infantile lobar emphysema (1965) Acta Pediatr Scand., p. 89
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Trends in the use of oral contraceptives among Dutch young women 1975-1981
T2  - Contraception
J2  - Contraception
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
SP  - 205
EP  - 208
PY  - 1982
DO  - 10.1016/0010-7824(82)90088-9
SN  - 00107824 (ISSN) 
AU  - van Vliet, H.C.A.M.
AU  - Hofman, A.
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical School, Rotterdam, Netherlands
AB  - Prompted by a recent report of a decrease in the use of oral contraceptive in the U.S.A., we investigated the trends by age and time of oral contraceptives use among Dutch young women, born between 1955 and 1970. They participated in a follow-up study of risk-indicators for cardiovascular disease. A random sample of 596 subjects, initially aged 5-19, and selected from an open population, was invited for annual exams since 1975; 462 youngsters (226 girls) underwent at least three annual exams. They were asked each year whether they used oral contraceptives. Analysis of the trend by age showed an increase of the proportion of oral contraceptives users from less than 5% at an age of 15 to about 50% at 23 years of age. In the 1959-1962 birth-cohort, the proportion of users was twice as large as that of the 1955-1968 cohort. The 1963-1966 cohort followed the pattern of the 1959-1962 birth-cohort. These findings indicate that there has been a strong increase in the use of oral contraceptives among Dutch women born after 1958. We found no evidence for a recent decrease in the use of oral contraceptives in the Netherlands among young women. © 1982.
KW  - oral contraceptive agent
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - female genital system
KW  - methodology
KW  - netherlands
KW  - prevention
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Cohort Analysis
KW  - Contraception
KW  - Contraceptive Methods
KW  - Contraceptive Usage
KW  - Demographic Factors
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Europe
KW  - Family Planning
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Oral Contraceptives
KW  - Population
KW  - Population Characteristics
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Western Europe
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - Contraceptives, Oral
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Netherlands
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Time Factors
N1  - Cited By :1
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: CCPTA
C2  - 7140296
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Hofman, A.; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical School, Rotterdam, Netherlands
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Contraceptives, Oral
N1  - References: Shapiro, Slone, Neff, Age-specific secular changes in oral contraceptive use (1981) Am. J. Epidemiol., 114, p. 604; 
Hofman, Valkenburg, (1980) Epidemiology of Arterial Blood Pressure, pp. 99-117. , H. Kesteloot, J.V. Joossens, Nijhoff, London, The Hague, Boston; 
Susser, Period effects, generation effects and age effects in peptic ulcer mortality (1982) J. Chron. Dis., 35, pp. 29-40
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Adolescent growth in height of Australian aboriginals analysed by the Preece-Baines function: A longitudinal study
T2  - Annals of Human Biology
J2  - Ann. Hum. Biol.
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
SP  - 495
EP  - 505
PY  - 1982
DO  - 10.1080/03014468200006031
SN  - 03014460 (ISSN) 
AU  - Brown, T.
AU  - Townsend, G.C.
AD  - Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Adelaide, Australia
AD  - Department of Oral Biology, University of Adelaide, Australia
AB  - Adolescent growth in height was studied in 62 Australian Aboriginal children enrolled in a longitudinal study at Yuendumu in the Northern Territory of Australia. A direct-search method for minimization of the Preece-Baines Model 1 function was used to estimate mean constants and biological parameters describing the adolescent growth. There were few differences between Aboriginal and British children in the ages at take-off (TO) and peak height velocity (PHV), in adolescent gain or in the percentages of adult height achieved at TO and PHV. Aboriginal boys, however, were shorter than British boys at TO, PHV and adulthood. PHVs in the Aboriginals, 10·3 cm/yr in boys and 8·4 cm/yr in girls, were higher than in British children. In the light of known levels of infant mortality and morbidity at Yuendumu between 1953 and 1970, it is suggested that the high PHVs may be indicative of 'catch-up' growth following early childhood retardation. © 1982 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - aborigine
KW  - adolescence
KW  - adolescent
KW  - anthropometry
KW  - australia
KW  - body height
KW  - clinical article
KW  - ethnic or racial aspects
KW  - growth
KW  - human
KW  - normal human
KW  - normal value
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Australia
KW  - Australoid Race
KW  - Body Height
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Male
KW  - Models, Biological
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :26
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AHUBB
C2  - 7181442
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Brown, T.; Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of AdelaideAustralia
N1  - References: Abbie, A.A., A preliminary survey of the growth pattern of Central Australian Aboriginal males (1961) Oceania, 31, pp. 215-221; 
Abbie, A.A., Physical characteristics (1966) Aboriginal Man in South and Central Australia, Part 1, pp. 9-45. , Ed. B.C. Cotton., Government Printer, Adelaide, In; 
Abbie, A.A., The Aboriginal growth pattern (1975) Studies in Physical Anthropology, 2, pp. 1-48. , Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra, In; 
Acheson, R.M., Effects of nutrition and disease on human growth (1960) Human Growth, pp. 73-92. , Ed. J.M. Tanner., Pergamon Press, Oxford, In; 
Barrett, M.J., Brown, T., Increase in average height of Australian Aborigines (1971) Medical Journal of Australia, 2, pp. 1169-1172; 
Beall, C.M., Growth in a population of Tibetan origin at high altitude (1981) Annals of Human Biology, 8, pp. 31-38; 
Bock, R.D., Thissen, D., Statistical problems of fitting individual growth curves (1980) Human Physical Growth and Maturation: Methodologies and Factors, pp. 265-290. , Eds. F.E. Johnston, A.F. Roche, C. Susanne., Plenum Press, New York, In; 
Brown, T., Barrett, M.J., Growth in Central Australian Aborigines: stature (1971) Medical Journal of Australia, 2, pp. 29-33; 
Brown, T., Barrett, M.J., Growth in Central Australian Aborigines: weight (1972) Medical Journal of Australia, 2, pp. 999-1002; 
Brown, T., Barrett, M.J., Dental and craniofacial growth studies of Australian Aborigines (1973) The Human Biology of Aborigines in Cape York, pp. 69-80. , Ed. R.L. Kirk., Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies, Canberra, In; 
Brown, T., Barrett, M.J., Grave, K.C., Facial growth and skeletal maturation at adolescence (1971) Tandlaegebladet, 75, pp. 1211-1222; 
Campbell, T.D., Gray, J.H., Hackett, C.J., Physical anthropology of the Aborigines of Central Australia. Part 1. Anthropometry (1936) Oceania, 7, pp. 106-139; 
Deming, J., Application of the Gompertz curve to the observed pattern of growth in length of 48 individual boys and girls during the adolescent cycle of growth (1957) Human Biology, 29, pp. 83-122; 
Dixon, L.C.W., Historical survey of the development of optimisation techniques (1972) Non Linear Optimisation, pp. 28-35. , The English Universities Press Ltd., London, In; 
Elliott, R.B., Maxwell, G.M., Vawser, N., Lactose maldigestion in Australian Aboriginal children (1967) Medical Journal of Australia, 1, pp. 46-49; 
Eveleth, P.B., Tanner, J.M., (1976) Worldwide Variation in Human Growth, , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge; 
Goldstein, H., The analysis of models for time-related measurements (1979) The Design and Analysis of Longitudinal Studies. Their Role in the Measurement of Change, pp. 71-115. , Academic Press, London, In; 
Hauspie, R.C., Adolescent growth (1980) Human Physical Growth and Maturation. Methodologies and Factors, pp. 161-175. , Eds. F.E. Johnston, A.F. Roche, C. Susanne., Plenum Press, New York, In; 
Hauspie, R.C., Wachholder, A., Baron, G., Cantraine, F., Susanne, C., Graffar, M., A comparative study of the fit of four different functions to longitudinal data of growth in height of Belgian girls (1980) Annals of Human Biology, 7, pp. 347-358. , a; 
Hauspie, R.C., Das, S.R., Preece, M.A., Tanner, J.M., A longitudinal study of the growth in height of boys and girls of West Bengal (India) aged six months to 20 years (1980) Annals of Human Biology, 7, pp. 429-441. , b; 
Hooke, R., Jeeves, T.A., Direct search solution of numerical and statistical problems (1961) Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery, 8, pp. 212-229; 
Kettle, E.S., Weight and height curves for Australian Aboriginal infants and children (1966) Medical Journal of Australia, 1, pp. 972-977; 
Kirke, D.K., Growth rates of Aboriginal children in Central Australia (1969) Medical Journal of Australia, 2, pp. 1005-1009; 
Malcolm, L., Protein-energy malnutrition and growth (1979) Human Growth 3. Neurobiology and Nutrition, pp. 361-372. , Eds. F. Falkner, J.M. Tanner., Plenum Press, New York, In; 
Malcolm, L.A., Bue, B., Eruption times of permanent teeth and the determination of age in New Guinea children (1970) Tropical and Geographical Medicine, 22, pp. 307-312; 
Marshall, W.A., (1977) Human Growth and its Disorders, p. 118. , Academic Press, New York; 
Marubini, E., Mathematical handling of long-term longitudinal data (1978) Human Growth 1. Principles and Prenatal Growth, pp. 209-225. , Eds. F. Falkner, J.M. Tanner., Plenum Press, New York, In; 
Maxwell, G.M., Elliott, R.B., Nutritional state of Australian Aboriginal children (1969) American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 22, pp. 716-725; 
Middleton, M.R., Francis, S.H., (1976) Yuendumu and its Children. Life and Health on an Aboriginal Settlement, , Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra; 
Mirwald, R.L., Bailey, D.A., Cameron, N., Rasmussen, R.L., Longitudinal comparison of aerobic power in active and inactive boys aged 7·0 to 17·0 years (1981) Annals of Human Biology, 8, pp. 405-414; 
Moodie, P.M., (1973) Aboriginal Health, pp. 181-187. , Australian National University Press, Canberra; 
Moore, W.M., The secular trend in physical growth of urban North American Negro children (1970) Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 35, pp. 62-73; 
Olsson, D.M., Nelson, L.S., The Nelder-Mead simplex procedure for function minimization (1975) Technometrics, 17, pp. 45-51; 
Powell, M.J.D., (1969) Harwell Subroutine Library, Routine VAO5A, , A.E.R.E., Harwell; 
Preece, M.A., Analysis of the human growth curve (1978) Paediatrics and Growth. Scientific Proceedings of the 5th Unigate Workshop, pp. 77-86. , Ed. D. Barltrop., Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine, London, In; 
Preece, M.A., Baines, M.J., A new family of mathematical models describing the human growth curve (1978) Annals of Human Biology, 5, pp. 1-24; 
Tanner, J.M., (1978) Foetus into Man, pp. 154-166. , Open Books, London; 
Van Wieringen, J.C., Secular growth changes (1978) Human Growth 2. Postnatal Growth, pp. 445-473. , Eds. F. Falkner, J.M. Tanner., Plenum Press, New York, In
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Absences attributed to respiratory diseases in welders
T2  - British Journal of Industrial Medicine
J2  - BR. J. IND. MED.
VL  - 39
IS  - 2
SP  - 149
EP  - 152
PY  - 1982
SN  - 00071072 (ISSN) 
AU  - Fawer, R.F.
AU  - Ward Gardner, A.
AU  - Oakes, D.
AD  - TUC Centenary Inst. Occup. Health, London Sch. Hyg. Trop. Med., London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
AB  - Certified sickness rates of 36 male welders were examined for the period 1970-9. They were compared with 36 male controls from the same petrochemical plant, matched for age, smoking habits, duration of employment, and social class. Indices of severity (average annual duration), duration (average length of spell), and frequency (inception rate of spells and inception rate per worker) were calculated. Absences for all diseases were similar, but absences attributed to respiratory diseases were slightly higher in welders in severity, duration, and frequency. The proportion of days lost attributed to respiratory diseases was 2.3 times higher in welders compared with controls. This was due to a large increase in absences attributed to lower respiratory tract diseases, the ratio of welders to controls being more than four to one for both severity and inception rate of spells. The comparison between welders and controls in smokers and non-smokers confirms other studies which show that smokers tend to be more affected by welding fumes than non-smokers.
KW  - absenteeism
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - etiology
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - occupational disease
KW  - petrochemical industry
KW  - respiratory system
KW  - respiratory tract disease
KW  - welding
KW  - Absenteeism
KW  - Adult
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Occupational Diseases
KW  - Respiratory Tract Diseases
KW  - Retrospective Studies
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Welding
N1  - Cited By :11
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: BJIMA
C2  - 7066231
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020057022&partnerID=40&md5=c924fba5264d23b16defd3d9827784e2
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Manchester regional breast study—5 and 10 year results
T2  - British Journal of Surgery
J2  - Br. J. Surg.
VL  - 69
IS  - 12
SP  - 693
EP  - 696
PY  - 1982
DO  - 10.1002/bjs.1800691202
SN  - 00071323 (ISSN) 
AU  - Lythgoe, J.P.
AU  - Palmer, M.K.
AD  - Department of Surgery, Royal Preston Hospital, United Kingdom
AD  - Department of Medical Statistics, Christie Hospital and Holt Radium Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom
AB  - Patients with early breast cancer (n ‐ 1022) were treated between March 1970 and October 1975 in a prospective clinical trial. The results are presented after follow‐up of 5–10 years. Clinical stage I cancer cases (n = 714) were randomly allocated to treatment by simple mastectomy and postoperative radiotherapy, or simple mastectomy alone. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival between the two groups. There was a significant reduction in the frequency of local recurrence in those who received early postoperative radiotherapy compared with those who did not. Clinical stage II cancer cases (n = 308) were randomly allocated to treatment by simple mastectomy and postoperative radiotherapy or radical mastectomy alone. There was no statistically significant difference in survival or in the frequency of local recurrence between the two groups. Copyright © 1982 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd.
KW  - breast
KW  - breast carcinoma
KW  - clinical trial
KW  - controlled study
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - human
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - mastectomy
KW  - radiotherapy
KW  - randomized controlled trial
KW  - survival rate
KW  - therapy
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Breast Neoplasms
KW  - England
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Mastectomy
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
KW  - Neoplasm Staging
KW  - Postoperative Care
KW  - Prospective Studies
N1  - Cited By :101
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 7171967
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Lythgoe, J.P.; Royal Preston Hospital, PO Box 66, Sharoe Green Lane, Preston, PR2 4HT, United Kingdom
N1  - References: Lythgoe, J.P., Leck, I., Swindell, R., Manchester regional breast study, preliminary results (1978) Lancet, 1, pp. 744-747; 
Peto, R., Pike, M.C., Armitage, P., Design and analysis of randomised trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient II: Analysis and Examples (1977) Br. J. Cancer, 35, pp. 1-39; 
Bond, W.H., The influence of various treatments on survival rates in cancer of the breast (1968) The Treatment of Carcinoma of the Breast, pp. 24-39. , Jarrett A. S., Amsterdam, Excerpta Medica; 
Stjernsward, J., Decreased survival related to irradiation post‐operatively in early operable breast cancer (1974) Lancet, 2, pp. 1285-1286; 
Cancer Research Campaign (King's/Cambridge) Trial for early breast cancer (1980) Lancet, 2, pp. 55-60; 
Turnbull, A.R., Turner, D.T.L., Chant, A.D.B., Treatment of early breast cancer (1978) Lancet, 2, pp. 7-9; 
Kaae, S., Johansen, H., Simple versus radical mastectomy in primary breast cancer (1967) Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer—First Tenovus Symposium, pp. 93-102. , Forrest A. P. M., Kunkler P. B., Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone; 
Langlands, A.O., Prescott, R.J., Hamilton, T., A clinical trial in the management of operable cancer of the breast (1980) Br. J. Surg., 67, pp. 170-174; 
Turner, L., Swindell, R., Bell, W.G.T., Radical versus modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer (1981) Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl., 63, pp. 239-243; 
Cant, E., Shivas, A.A., Forrest, A.P.M., Lymph‐node biopsy during simple mastectomy (1975) Lancet, 1, pp. 995-997
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Late results of proximal gastric vagotomy without drainage for duodenal ulcer: 5–9‐year follow‐up
T2  - British Journal of Surgery
J2  - Br. J. Surg.
VL  - 69
IS  - 1
SP  - 7
EP  - 10
PY  - 1982
DO  - 10.1002/bjs.1800690104
SN  - 00071323 (ISSN) 
AU  - De Miguel, J.
AD  - Department of Surgery, National Health Service and Virgen de la Salud Clinic, Valladolid, Spain
AB  - From 1970 to 1974 proximal gastric vagotomy without drainage was performed in 158 patients for duodenal ulcer. One patient died, giving an operative mortality of 0·6 per cent. Nine unrelated deaths occurred during the period of survey and 5 other patients were lost to follow‐up. The remaining 143 patients were followed‐up for a minimum of 5 years and a maximum of 9 years. The most frequent symptoms were epigastric fullness and intolerance to milk. Early dumping, detected in 6·7 per cent of the patients, was always mild. Diarrhoea, also very slight and often only related to the ingestion of milk, was seen in 9·6 per cent. Recurrent duodenal ulcer was proved in 7·7 per cent and strongly suspected in 0·7 per cent and the presence of a new gastric ulcer was also proved in 1·4 per cent of patients, making a total incidence of recurrence of 9·8 per cent. Approximately 89 per cent of the patients were classed as having a satisfactory result and 11 per cent were classed as unsatisfactory. Proximal gastric vagotomy is clearly effective in reducing the side‐effects of gastric surgery, while the incidence of recurrent ulceration in the long term is similar to the incidence of recurrence after truncal or selective vagotomy with a drainage procedure. For these reasons, consideration should be given to the wider use of proximal gastric vagotomy in the elective surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer. Copyright © 1982 British Journal of Surgery Society Ltd.
KW  - duodenum ulcer
KW  - highly selective vagotomy
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - small intestine
KW  - stomach
KW  - therapy
KW  - vagotomy
KW  - Duodenal Ulcer
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Recurrence
KW  - Vagotomy
KW  - Vagotomy, Proximal Gastric
N1  - Cited By :18
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 7053807
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: De Miguel, J.Paseo Zorrilla 30, Valladolid, Spain
N1  - References: Jensen, H.E., Amdrup, E., Follow‐up of 100 patients five to eight years after parietal cell vagotomy (1978) World J. Surg., 2, pp. 525-530; 
Goligher, J.C., Hill, G.L., Kenny, T.E., Proximal gastric vagotomy without drainage for duodenal ulcer; results after 5–8 years (1978) Br. J. Surg., 65, pp. 145-151; 
Johnston, D., Axon, A.T.R., Highly selective vagotomy for duodenal ulcer: the clinical results after 10 years (1979) Br. J. Surg., 66, p. 874; 
Jordan, P.H., Our first 35 patients studied five years after parietal cell vagotomy (1979) Arch. Surg., 114, pp. 528-535; 
Storey, D.W., Boulos, P.B., Wyllie, J.H., Long term results of proximal gastric vagotomy (1980) Gut, 21, p. A455; 
Kronborg, O., (1981), p. 34. , Selective vagotomy and drainage versus highly selective vagotomy without drainage for duodenal ulcer. Abstracts, International Symposium, ‘Verdict on Vagotomy’, February, Basle, Switzerland; Liavag, I., Roland, M., (1981), p. 37. , Five to ten years experience with PGV for duodenal ulcer. Abstracts, International Symposium, ‘Verdict on Vagotomy’, February, Basle, Switzerland; Goligher, J.C., Pulvertaft, C.N., Irvin, T.T., Five‐to‐eight‐year results of truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty for duodenal ulcer (1972) Br. Med. J., 1, pp. 7-13; 
Goligher, J.C., Pulvertaft, C.N., de Dombal, F.T., Five‐to‐eight‐year results of Leeds/York controlled trial of selective surgery for duodenal ulcer (1968) Br. Med. J., 2, pp. 781-787; 
Amdrup, E., Jensen, H.E., Selective vagotomy of the parietal cell mass preserving innervation of the undrained antrum (1970) Gastroenterology, 59, pp. 522-527; 
Johnston, D., Wilkinson, A.R., Highly selective vagotomy without a drainage procedure in the treatment of duodenal ulcer (1970) Br. J. Surg., 57, pp. 289-296; 
Johnston, D., Operative mortality and postoperative morbidity of highly selective vagotomy (1975) Br. Med. J., 4, pp. 545-547; 
Dovale, M., Villa, R., Lozano, M., Nuestra experiencia con vagotomia de células oxinticas (V.C.O.) en el tratamiento del ulcus duodenal (1974) Rev. Esp. Enferm. Apar. Dig., 44, pp. 651-676; 
Johnston, D., Lyndon, P.J., Smith, R.B., Highly selective vagotomy without a drainage procedure in the treatment of haemorrhage, perforation and pyloric stenosis due to peptic ulcer (1973) Br. J. Surg., 60, pp. 790-797; 
Jordan, P.H., Hedenstedt, S., Korompai, F.L., Vagotomy of the fundic gland area of the stomach without drainage. A definitive treatment for perforated duodenal ulcer (1976) Am. J. Surg., 131, pp. 523-526; 
Narbona, A., Chario, T., (1977), p. 221. , Vagotomia gastrica proximal. Suc. Vives Mora Valencia; Sawyers, J.L., Herrington, J.L., Perforated duodenal ulcer managed by proximal gastric vagotomy and suture plication (1977) Ann. Surg., 185, pp. 656-659; 
Tanner, N.C., Peptic ulcer surgery modification averts complication (1963) JAMA, 223, pp. 606-607; 
Kennedy, T., Duodenoplasty with proximal gastric vagotomy (1976) Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl., 58, pp. 144-146; 
White, C.M., Keighley, M.R.B., Dorricott, N.J., Gastric emptying after treatment of pyloric stenosis secondary to duodenal ulceration by proximal gastric vagotomy and pyloric dilatation or duodenoplasty (1977) Br. J. Surg., 64, p. 830; 
de Miguel, J., Recurrence after proximal gastric vagotomy without drainage for duodenal ulcer: a 3–6‐year follow‐up (1977) Br. J. Surg., 64, pp. 473-476; 
Dorricott, N.J., McNeish, A.R., Alexander‐Williams, J., Prospective randomized multicentre trial of proximal gastric vagotomy or truncal vagotomy and antrectomy for chronic duodenal ulcer: interim results (1978) Br. J. Surg., 65, pp. 152-154; 
Amdrup, E., Andersen, D., Hostrup, H., The Aarhus County Vagotomy trial. An interim report on primary results and incidence of sequelae following parietal cell vagotomy and selective gastric vagotomy in 748 patients (1978) World J. Surg., 2, pp. 85-90; 
Johnston, D., Humphrey, C.S., Walker, B.E., Vagotomy without diarrhoea (1972) Br. Med. J., 3, pp. 788-790; 
Kennedy, T., Johnston, G.W., Macrae, K.D., Proximal gastric vagotomy: interim results of a randomized controlled trial (1975) Br. Med. J., 2, pp. 301-303; 
Kronborg, O., Madsen, P., A controlled randomized trial of highly selective vagotomy versus selective vagotomy and pyloroplasty in the treatment of duodenal ulcer (1975) Gut, 16, pp. 268-271; 
Wastell, C., Collin, J., Wilson, T., Prospectively randomized trial of proximal gastric vagotomy either with or without pyloroplasty in treatment of uncomplicated duodenal ulcer (1977) Br. Med. J., 2, pp. 851-853; 
de Miguel, J., Recidiva ulcerosa en el duodeno o aparición de una úlcera gástrica tras el uso de la vagotomia gástrica proximal sin drenaje por ulcera duodenal (1977) Rev. Esp. Enferm. Apar. Dig., 51, pp. 343-346; 
Stoddard, C.J., Vassilakis, J.S., Duthie, H.L., Highly selective vagotomy or truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty for chronic duodenal ulceration: a randomized prospective clinical study (1978) Br. J. Surg., 65, pp. 793-796; 
Christiansen, J., Jensen, H.E., Poulsen, P.E., Prospective controlled vagotomy trial for duodenal ulcer (1981) Annals of Surgery, 193, pp. 49-55; 
Elder, J.B., Koffman, C.G., Ray, D.J., (1981), p. 33. , Results of a prospective trial of operations for duodenal ulcer: TVP versus HSV. Abstracts, International Symposium, ‘Verdict on Vagotomy’, February, Basle, Switzerland; de Miguel, J., Late results of bilateral selective vagotomy and pyloroplasty for duodenal ulcer: 5–9‐year follow‐up (1974) Br. J. Surg., 61, pp. 264-269; 
de Miguel, J., (1981), p. 36. , Bilateral selective vagotomy and highly selective vagotomy (proximal gastric vagotomy) for duodenal ulcer: comparative long‐term results. Abstracts, International Symposium ‘Verdict on vagotomy’, February, Basle, Switzerland; Hall, R., Gastric ulcer after highly selective vagotomy (1972) Br. Med. J., 54, p. 789; 
Amdrup, E., Jensen, H.E., Johnston, D., Clinical results of parietal cell vagotomy (highly selective vagotomy) two to four years after operation (1974) Ann. Surg., 180, pp. 279-284; 
Makey, D.A., Tovey, F.I., Heald, R.J., Results of proximal gastric vagotomy over 1–5 years in a district general hospital (1979) Br. J. Surg., 66, pp. 39-42; 
de Miguel, J., Gastric ulcer after conservative surgery for duodenal ulcer (1977) Br. J. Surg., 64, pp. 39-41
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020070070&doi=10.1002%2fbjs.1800690104&partnerID=40&md5=ec2803bf5f20f09f118f1b48f6709020
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Valve replacement for bacterial endocarditis
T2  - Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal
J2  - Scand. Cardiovasc. J.
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
SP  - 23
EP  - 27
PY  - 1982
DO  - 10.3109/14017438209100604
SN  - 14017431 (ISSN) 
AU  - Mattila, S.
AU  - Ketonen, P.
AU  - Kyllönen, K.
AU  - Tala, P.
AD  - Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
AB  - During the 10-year period 1970-79, 88 patients underwent valve replacement for complications of bacterial endocarditis. The mean age of the patients was 42 (15-60) years. There were 64 men and 22 women. Thirtythree patients had a history of rheumatic fever. In 11 cases the murmur was heard already in childhood. In 44 cases (50% no heart disease was diagnosed before the onset of symptoms of bacterial endocarditis. Strepto- and staphylococci were the most common organisms found in culture. In 12 cases a dental and in 12 a respiratory tract infection preceded the endocarditis. In 51 cases, however, the origin of the infection remained unestablished. Intractable heart failure and embolizations were most common indications for operation. Only 9 patients underwent operation in the acute phase. Aortic valve replacement (AVR) was performed in 58 cases, mitral valve replacement (MVR) in 19, both AVR and MVR in 6, AVR and aneurysm of sinus Valsalva repair in 3 cases, AVR and repair of VSD in one and AVR combined with myocardial revascularization and replacement of the ascending aorta for aneurysm in one case. The early mortality was 9 patients (10% and late mortality 9 patients. During followup times of up to 10 years, 7 patients experienced embolic complications. They recovered uneventfully. One valve prosthesis was replaced because of thrombosis and another due to paraprosthetic leak. Two patients had a late recurrent bacterial endocarditis 5 and 8 years postoperatively. They were treated conservatively and recovered. It was concluded that after valve replacement for bacterial endocarditis, the risk of recurrent infection is relatively low and that results approaching those for elective valve replacement can be achieved. © 1982 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - bacterial endocarditis
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - heart
KW  - heart valve replacement
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - staphylococcus
KW  - streptococcus
KW  - therapy
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aortic Valve
KW  - Endocarditis, Bacterial
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Heart Valve Prosthesis
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Mitral Valve
KW  - Postoperative Complications
KW  - Staphylococcal Infections
KW  - Streptococcal Infections
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :3
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SCJOF
C2  - 7071543
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Mattila, S.; Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
N1  - References: Boyd, A.D., Spencer, F.C., Isom, O.W., Cunningham, J.N., Reed, G.E., Acinapura, A.J., Tice, D.A., Infective endocarditis. An analysis of 54 surgically treated patients (1976) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 73, pp. 23-30; 
Hiratzka, L.F., Nelson, R.J., Oliver, C.B., Jengo, J.A., Operative experience with infective endocarditis (1979) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 77, pp. 355-361; 
Jung, J.Y., Saab, S.B., Almond, C.H., The case for early surgical treatment of left-sided primary infective endocarditis (1975) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 70, pp. 509-518; 
Parrot, J.C.W., Hill, J.D., Kerth, W.J., Gerbode, F., The surgical management of bacterial endocarditis. A review (1976) Ann Surg, 183, pp. 289-292; 
Pelletier, L.L., Petersdorf, R.G., Infective endocarditis: a review of 125 cases from the University of Washington Hospitals, 1963–72 (1977) Medicine, 56, pp. 287-313; 
Rapaport, E., Editorial. The changing role of surgery in the management of infective endocarditis (1978) Circulation, 58, pp. 598-599; 
Richardson, J.V., Karp, R.B., Kirklin, J.W., Dismukes, W.E., Treatment of infective endocarditis: a 10-year comparative analysis (1978) Circulation, 58, pp. 589-597; 
Rossiter, S.J., Stinson, E.B., Oyer, P.E., Miller, D.G., Schapira, J.N., Martin, R.P., Shumway, N.E., Prosthetic valve endocarditis (1978) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 76, pp. 795-803; 
Stinson, E.B., Griepp, R.B., Vosti, K., Copeland, J.G., Shumway, N.E., Operative treatment of active endocarditis (1976) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 71, pp. 659-665; 
Utley, J.R., Mills, J., Roe, B.B., The role of valve replacement in the treatment of fungal endocarditis (1975) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 69, pp. 255-258; 
Wilcox, B.R., Murray, G.F., Starek, P.J.K., The long-term outlook for valve replacement in active endocarditis (1977) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 74, pp. 860-863
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0020050849&doi=10.3109%2f14017438209100604&partnerID=40&md5=70a3f587448d55a4025a36a8e6a0579e
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - An analysis of trends over time of age-specific death rates from lung cancer using a multiplicative model
T2  - Japanese Journal of Hygiene
J2  - JPN. J. HYG.
VL  - 36
IS  - 5
SP  - 763
EP  - 767
PY  - 1981
SN  - 00215082 (ISSN) 
AU  - Nagata, H.
AU  - Ishigure, K.
AU  - Asano, H.
AD  - Dept. Hyg., Kyoto Pref. Univ. Med., Kyoto, Japan
AB  - The data examined in this study are the age-specific death rates from lung cancer for the years 1960, 1965, 1970 and 1975 for Japanese males ranging in age 45-74, grouped into 5 year age-groups. Two multiplicative models Y(ij) = c α(j)β(j) and Y'(ik) = c'α'(i)γ(k) were examined to see whether they would be useful for such an analysis. The expected number of deaths in an age-year or in an age-cohort cell is expressed by Y(ij)[Y'(ik)], c(c') is a constant, α(i)[α'(i)], β(j), and γ denote, respectively, the effects of age group (i), of year (j) and of birth-cohort (k) on death rate. The first model did not fit the data, but the second model fits very well. The results suggest that it is important to consider the differences in death rates among birth-cohorts in any analysis of the trends over time of lung cancer deaths.
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - japan
KW  - lung carcinoma
KW  - mortality
KW  - nonbiological model
KW  - respiratory system
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Human
KW  - Japan
KW  - Lung Neoplasms
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Models, Theoretical
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: NEZAA
C2  - 7339073
LA  - Japanese
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019814993&partnerID=40&md5=f0fc982e428c698a98d7a0609a57aed8
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Evolution of mortality and life expectation of the Belgian population, 1890-1970
T2  - Archives Belges de Medecine Sociale Hygiene Medecine du Travail et Medecine Legale
J2  - ARCH. BELG. MED. SOC. HYG. MED. TRAV. MED. LEG.
VL  - 39
IS  - 4
SP  - 205
EP  - 233
PY  - 1981
SN  - 00039578 (ISSN) 
AU  - Honggokoesoemo, S.
AU  - Van De Voorde, H.
AD  - Sch. Maatschappelijke Gezondh. Zorg, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
AB  - The mortality and the life expectancy of the Belgian population from 1890 until 1970 has been studied. Generally the life expectancy of the female population increases more than that of the male population. The younger groups have better survival chances than 80 years ago and this improvement applies more to them than to the older groups. In the period of 1890-1947 the mortality rate decreases slowly whereas it decreases quickly in the period of 1947-1961. After 1961, there is a leveling of the mortality trend except under 5 years. The age and sex standardixed death rate indicates an amelioration of 112% during the period under study. The life expectancy at birth increased by 27,75 years for women and 25,13 years for males. The segmented cohort mortality study has pointed out that there is a fast increase in generation mortality ratio in males since 1930, with the aproach of middle-age. An extensive study is required to explain those phenomena as well as to understand the common increase in generation mortality ratio in 1970 of both sexes. A life table of the birth-cohort of 1885-1890 has been constructed and shows a life expectancy which is 4,23 years longer than in the life table of 1890 constructed periodically. The authors conclude that the diversity, observed during this survey, is linked to different ecological niches, having each a separate pattern of mortality and life expectancy. By studying a population, a cohort analysis is necessary, because with the periodical method, the generative dimension of the human population gets lost and one misses the continuity of the life experience. Mortality seems to be more dependent on historical developments and on cumulation of risks, than on periodical events which happen in a particular year.
KW  - belgium
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - life expectancy
KW  - mortality
KW  - short survey
KW  - adolescent
KW  - adult
KW  - age
KW  - aged
KW  - article
KW  - Belgium
KW  - child
KW  - female
KW  - human
KW  - infant
KW  - male
KW  - newborn
KW  - preschool child
KW  - sex difference
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - Actuarial Analysis
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Belgium
KW  - Child
KW  - Child, Preschool
KW  - English Abstract
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Infant
KW  - Infant, Newborn
KW  - Life Expectancy
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Mortality
KW  - Sex Factors
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: ABMHA
C2  - 7325663
LA  - Dutch
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019554293&partnerID=40&md5=29e32d8d172f4da0fc2c0330ea5e19f1
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Increasing mortality from cancer of the cervix in young Australian women
T2  - Medical Journal of Australia
J2  - MED. J. AUST.
VL  - 1
IS  - 9
SP  - 460
EP  - 462
PY  - 1981
SN  - 0025729X (ISSN) 
AU  - Armstrong, B.
AU  - Holman D'A.
AD  - NHMRC Res. Unit Epidemiol. Prev. Med., Univ. Dept. Med., Queen Elizabeth II Med. Cent., Nedlands, W.A. 6009, Australia
AB  - Mortality from uterine cancer in Australia has fallen progressively since 1908, as has mortality from cancer of the cervix specifically since it was distinguished, in statistics, from other uterine cancer in 1950. However, in women aged under 40 years, this trend has reversed recently, and cervical cancer mortality has risen since about 1970. This rise has also been shown by incidence data collected by the New South Wales Central Cancer Registry. Similar increases have been observed in New Zealand, Britain and the United States and, in Britain at least, appear to parallel increases in promiscuous sexual activity. Increases in the frequency of cervical cancer in older women can be expected when the cohorts affected (those born after 1935) reach older age groups.
KW  - age
KW  - australia
KW  - autopsy
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - etiology
KW  - female genital system
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - mortality
KW  - normal human
KW  - sexual behavior
KW  - short survey
KW  - uterine cervix carcinoma
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Australia
KW  - Cervix Neoplasms
KW  - Female
KW  - History of Medicine, 20th Cent.
KW  - Human
KW  - Middle Age
N1  - Cited By :38
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: MJAUA
C2  - 7019647
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019860106&partnerID=40&md5=d5531224095dff03b0404f2a880df30d
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Spontaneous abortion over time: Comparing occurrence in two cohorts of women a generation apart
T2  - American Journal of Epidemiology
J2  - Am. J. Epidemiol.
VL  - 114
IS  - 4
SP  - 548
EP  - 553
PY  - 1981
DO  - 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113220
SN  - 00029262 (ISSN) 
AU  - Wilcox, A.J.
AU  - Treloar, A.E.
AU  - Sandler, D.P.
AD  - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
AD  - Carolina Population Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
AB  - A prospective study of menstrual cycles and reproductive outcomes has been in progress since 1935. Data from this study are used to describe the risk of spontaneous abortion in two time periods 26 years apart Out of the total of 3889 women who have enrolled in this study, two cohorts of women are selected for analysis: cohort one consists of 2070 university students who entered the study in 1935-1944, and cohort two consists of 1375 students a generation later, 1961-1970. Cohort one has contributed 2408 pregnancies, and cohort two, 1493 pregnancies. Overall spontaneous abortion risk for the two cohorts is 16.9% and 13.1%, respectively. However age-specific risks of spontaneous abortion do not differ for the two groups, nor is there a difference in the gestational duration of spontaneously aborted pregnancies. © 1981 by The Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health.
KW  - Abortion (miscarriage)
KW  - Prospective studies
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - female genital system
KW  - menstrual cycle
KW  - pregnancy
KW  - spontaneous abortion
KW  - Abortion, Induced
KW  - Abortion, Spontaneous
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Americas
KW  - Cohort Analysis
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - Diseases
KW  - Family Planning
KW  - Fertility Control, Postconception
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Longitudinal Studies
KW  - Measurement
KW  - North America
KW  - Northern America
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Pregnancy Complications
KW  - Pregnancy History
KW  - Pregnancy Outcomes
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Reproduction
KW  - Research Methodology
KW  - Students
KW  - Studies
KW  - United States
KW  - Abortion, Spontaneous
KW  - Adult
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Maternal Age
KW  - Menstruation
KW  - Minnesota
KW  - Pregnancy
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Time Factors
PB  - Oxford University Press
N1  - Cited By :36
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJEPA
C2  - 7304585
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Wilcox, A.J.; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States
N1  - References: Whalen, R.P., Love Canal: Public health time bomb (1978) A Special Report to the New York State, , Governor and Legislature, September; 
(1979), Human Effects Monitoring Branch, Environmental Protection Agency, February 28; Stein, Z., Susser, M., Warburton, D., Spontaneous abortion as a screening device. The effect of fetal survival on the incidence of birth defects (1975) Am J Epidemiol, 102, pp. 275-290; 
Kline, J., Stein, Z., Strobino, B., Surveillance of spontaneous abortions: Power in environmental monitoring (1977) Am J Epidemiol, 106, pp. 345-350; 
Leridon, H., Facts and artifacts in the study of intrauterine mortality: A re-consideration from pregnancy histories (1976) Population Studies, 30, pp. 319-335; 
Treloar, A.E., Boynton, R.E., Behn, B.G., Variation of the human menstrual cycle through reproductive life (1967) Int J Fertil, 12, pp. 77-126; 
Treloar, A.E., Menstruation and reproduction (1979) Historical Review of a Research Program. Chapel Hill, , University of North Carolina, Available on request; 
Naylor, A.F., Warburton D. Sequential analysis of spontaneous abortion. II. Collaborative study data show that gravidity determines a very substantial rise in risk (1979) Fertil Steril, 31, pp. 282-286; 
Shapiro, S., Jones, E.W., Densen, P.M., A life table of pregnancy terminations and correlates of fetal loss (1967) Milbank Mem Fund Q, 40, pp. 7-45; 
Shapiro, S., Levine, H.S., Abramowicz, M., Factors associated with early and late fetal loss (1970) Advances in Planned Parenthood, 6, pp. 45-63; 
Hobel, C.J., Better perinatal health: U.S.A (1980) Lancet, 1, pp. 31-32
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019453776&doi=10.1093%2foxfordjournals.aje.a113220&partnerID=40&md5=920ddf8a37f1acb2776a9a0a59c6eb0a
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Wrist ganglia: Incidence and recurrence rate after operation
T2  - Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery
J2  - Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Hand Surg.
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
SP  - 53
EP  - 56
PY  - 1981
DO  - 10.3109/02844318109103412
SN  - 02844311 (ISSN) 
AU  - Janzon, L.
AU  - Niechajev, I.A.
AD  - Department of Hand Surgery, Allmänna sjukhuset, Malmö, Sweden
AB  - 165 patients operated on for primary wrist ganglia during 1970-71 were followed-up 5 years later in order to study the recurrence rate after a standardized surgical procedure. A questionnaire was used and the overall response rate was 86% The recurrence rate was 12.7% and the annual incidence rate was 43/100,000 for females and 25/100000 for males, giving a F/M sex ratio of 1.7 to 1. © 1981 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - soft tissue
KW  - therapy
KW  - wrist ganglion
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Child
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Recurrence
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Sweden
KW  - Synovial Cyst
KW  - Wrist
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :19
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SJPSE
C2  - 7268314
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Janzon, L.; Department of Hand Surgery, Allmänna sjukhuset, Malmö, Sweden
N1  - References: Andrén, L., Eiken, O., Arthographic studies of wrist ganglions (1971) J Bone Joint Surg, 53A, p. 299; 
Angelides, A.C., Wallace, P.F., The dorsal ganglion of the wrist: Its pathogenesis, gross and macroscopic anatomy, and surgical treatment (1976) J Hand Surgl, 1, p. 228; 
Carp, L., Stout, A.P., A study of ganglion with special reference to treatment (1928) Surg Gynecol Obstet, 47, p. 460; 
Esshage, S., Lindstrom, G., Recidivfrekvensen vid operation av dorsala handledsganglier (1968) Nord Med, 80, p. 1290; 
Hvid-Hansen, O., On the treatment of ganglia (1970) Acta Chir Scand, 136, p. 471; 
Kvirikko, K.I., Risteli, L., Biosynthesis of collagen and its alterations in pathological states (1976) Med Biol, 54, p. 159; 
Nelson, C.L., Sawmiller, S., Phalen, G.S., Ganglions of the wrist and hand (1972) J Bone Joint Surg, 54A, p. 1459; 
Stellbrink, G., Englert, H., Die ganglioplastischen Tumoren der Hand (1970) Handchirurgie, 2, p. 152; 
Zachariae, L., Vibe-Hansen, H., Ganglia (1973) Acta Chir Scand, 139, p. 625; 
Öhman, U., Önne, L., Karpalganglion. En efterundersökning (1970) Nord Med, 84, p. 1380
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - The prognosis of the healthy HBsag carrier state: A 5- to 8-year follow-up study
T2  - Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
J2  - Scand. J. Gastroenterol.
VL  - 16
IS  - 8
SP  - 1077
EP  - 1081
PY  - 1981
DO  - 10.3109/00365528109181032
SN  - 00365521 (ISSN) 
AU  - Wantzin, P.
AU  - Aldershvile, J.
AU  - Jans, H.
AU  - Dybkjaer, E.
AU  - Nielsen, J.O.
AD  - Division of Hepatology and the Blood Bank, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
AD  - The Second Dept. of Internal Medicine, Kommunehospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
AB  - Thirty-six persons found to be healthy HBsAg carriers by routine donor screening from 1970 to 1973 were offered a follow-up examination in 1978. A total of 21 out of the 34 still living carriers were reexamined clinically, serologically, and biochemically. Seventeen of the 20 still HBsAg-positive carriers had anti-HBe, and 2 were HBeAg-positive. Liver biopsy in these two carriers showed chronic persistent hepatitis. No biochemical abnormalities were found in any but one who was HBeAg-positive and one who was negative for both HBeAg and anti-HBe. Anti-HBc titers varied between 1:3,600 and 1:83,000. Circulating immune complexes were demonstrated in 30% of the healthy HBsAg carriers. On the basis of 5-8 years' follow-up it is concluded that the healthy HBsAg carrier state is a benign condition that has not affected the carrier's quality of life. Progression to a severe, chronic liver disease was not observed in any of the healthy carriers. The importance and nature of circulating immune complexes in healthy HBsAg carriers are unknown and need further investigation. © 1981 Informa UK Ltd.
KW  - Circulating immune complexes
KW  - HBV markers
KW  - Healthy HBsAg carrier
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - hepatitis b surface antigen
KW  - antigen antibody complex
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - liver
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - virus carrier
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Antigen-Antibody Complex
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Hepatitis B Antigens
KW  - Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
KW  - Heterozygote
KW  - Humans
KW  - Liver Diseases
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Aged
KW  - Prognosis
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :3
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SJGRA
C2  - 7336134
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Wantzin, P.; Medical Dept. A, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, 9 Blegdamsvej, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: Antigen-Antibody Complex; Hepatitis B Antigens; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens
N1  - References: Aldershvile, J., Caspani, B., Frösner, G.G., (1980) J. Clin. Microbiol, 11, pp. 458-461; 
Aldershvile, J., Frösner, G.G., Nielsen, J.O., Hardt, F., Deinhardt, F., Skinhøj, P., The Copenhagen Hepatitis Acuta Programme (1980) J. Infect. Dis, 141, pp. 293-298; 
Aldershvile, J., Nielsen, J.O., Dietrichson, O., Hardt, F., Juhl, E., Tage-Jensen, U., The Copenhage Hepatitis Acuta Programme (1979) Scand. J. Gastroent, 14, pp. 845-848; 
Arnold, W., Hess, G., Kösters, W., Hütteroth, T.H., Meyer zum Büschenfelde, K.H., (1978) Acta Hepato-Gastroent, 25, pp. 438-443; 
Brzosko, W.J., Krawczýnski, K., Nazarewicz, T., Morzycka, M., Nowoslavski, A., (1974) Lancet, 2, pp. 477-482; 
Eleftheriou, N., Thomas, H.C., Heathcote, J., Sherlock, S., (1975) Lancet, 2, pp. 1171-1173; 
Gocke, D.J., Hsu, K., Morgan, C., Bombardieri, S., Lockshin, M., Christian, C.L., (1971) J. Exp. Med, 134, pp. 330-336; 
Gower, R.G., Sausher, W.F., Kohler, P.F., Thorne, G.E., McIntosh, R.M., (1978) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol, 62, pp. 222-228; 
Hess, G., Nielsen, J.O., Arnold, W., Meyer zum Büschenfelde, K.H., (1977) Scand. J. Gastroent, 12, pp. 325-330; 
Hütteroth, T.H., Arnold, W., Hopf, U., Meyer zum Büschenfelde, K.H., (1978) Z. Gastroent, 16, pp. 395-402; 
Jans, H., (1980) Scand. J. Rheum, 9, p. 39; 
Jans, H., Jersild, K., Taaning, E., Dybkjaer, E., Fog, T., Heltberg, A., (1979) Prot. Biol. Fluids, 26, pp. 255-258; 
Kaboth, U., Arnold, W., Biswas, R., Proceedings from the 14th Meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (1979), Düsseldorf; Kaboth, U., Schober, A., Arndt, H.J., Vido, I., Selmair, H., Gallasch, E., Verma, P., Creutzfeldt, W., (1970) Dtsch. Med. Wschr, 43, pp. 2157-2165; 
Knieser, M.R., Jenis, E.H., Lowenthal, D.T., Bancroft, W.H., Burns, W., Shalhoub, R., (1974) Arch. Pathol, 97, pp. 193-200; 
Kohler, P.F., (1973) Medicine (Baltimore), 52, pp. 419-429; 
Kohler, P.F., Cronin, R.E., Hammond, W.S., Olin, D., Carr, R.I., (1974) Ann. Intern. Med, 81, pp. 448-451; 
Nielsen, H., Svehag, S.E., (1976) Acta Path. Microbiol. Scand, 84, pp. 261-269; 
Nielsen, J.O., Dietrichson, O., Elling, P., Christoffersen, P., (1971) New Engl. J. Med, 285, pp. 1157-1160; 
Nielsen, J.O., Dietrichson, O., Juhl, E., (1974) Lancet, 2, pp. 913-915; 
Nielsen, J.O., Le Bouvier, G.L., The Copenhagen Hepatitis Acuta Programme (1973) New Engl. J. Med, 288, pp. 1257-1261; 
Lamberth, P.H., Tribollet, E., Celada, A., Madalinski, K., Frei, P.C., Miescher, P.A., (1980) J. Clin. Lab. Immunol, 3, pp. 1-8; 
Lawley, T.J., James, S.P., Jones, E.A., (1980) Gastroenterology, 78, pp. 626-641; 
Levo, Y., Gorevic, P.D., Kassab, H.J., Zucker-Franklin, D., Franklin, E.C., (1977) New Engl. J. Med, 296, pp. 1501-1504; 
Reinicke, V., Dybkjaer, E., Poulsen, H., (1972) New Engl. J. Med, 286, pp. 867-870; 
Sampliner, R.E., Hamilton, F.A., Iseri, O.A., Tabor, E., Boitnott, J., (1979) Amer. J. Med. Sci, 277, pp. 17-22; 
Takekoshi, Y., Tanaka, M., Miyakawa, Y., Yoshizawa, H., Takahashi, K., Mayumi, M., (1979) New Engl. J. Med, 330, pp. 814-819; 
Toda, G., Ishimaru, Y., Mayumi, M., Oda, T., (1978) J. Infect. Dis, 138, pp. 211-216; 
Trepo, C.G., Zuckerman, A.J., Bird, R.C., (1974) J. Clin. Path, 27, pp. 863-868
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019802226&doi=10.3109%2f00365528109181032&partnerID=40&md5=d48fd7fbbbc0bd7a9b7ff9195b59b983
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Five-year survival after coronary bypass surgery
T2  - Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal
J2  - Scand. Cardiovasc. J.
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
SP  - 31
EP  - 37
PY  - 1981
DO  - 10.3109/14017438109101022
SN  - 14017431 (ISSN) 
AU  - Björk, V.O.
AU  - Ivert, T.
AD  - Thoracic Surgical Clinic, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - The survival and mortality of 128 consecutive patients, who underwent coronary bypass surgery at this clinic between 1970 and 1974, was assessed. All survivors were followed for a minimum of 60 months after surgery. The operative mortality was 5.5% With increased experience annual operative mortality declined to 1.6% in 1974. The insertion of IMA grafts was related to a significant lower operative mortality. Six survivors (5% underwent repeat procedures within five years after surgery. The five-year survival rate, calculated with the actuarial method, was 87% Congestive heart failure and triple vessel disease were significantly more common in patients who died of cardiac disease within five years after surgery. © 1981 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - coronary artery surgery
KW  - heart
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - patient follow up
KW  - survival
KW  - therapy
KW  - Adult
KW  - Coronary Artery Bypass
KW  - Coronary Disease
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Human
KW  - Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis
KW  - Intraoperative Complications
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Myocardial Revascularization
KW  - Postoperative Complications
KW  - Prognosis
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :9
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SCJOF
C2  - 6973816
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Björk, V.O.; Thoracic Surgical Clinic, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
N1  - References: Anderson, R.P., Bronchek, L.I., Grunkemeier, G.L., Lambert, L.E., Starr, A., The analysis and presentation of surgical results by acturial methods (1974) J Surg Res, 16, p. 224; 
Arnold, M., Wathanacharoen, S., Reed, W.A., Killen, D.A., Crockett, J., King, J.T., McCallister, B.D., Bell, H., Five-year follow-up of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass (1979) Ann Thorac Surg, 27, p. 225; 
Aronow, W.S., Stemmer, E.A., Two-year follow-up of angina pectoris: Medical or surgical therapy (1975) Ann Int Med, 82, p. 208; 
Cannom, D.S., Miller, D.C., Shumway, N.E., Fogarty, T.J., Daily, P.O., Hu, M., Brown, B., Harrison, D.C., The long-term follow-up of patients undergoing saphenous vein bypass surgery (1974) Circulation, 49, p. 77; 
Carey, J.S., Cuckingnan, R.A., Groner, G.F., Skow, J.R., Probability of survival after coronary bypass surgery in Veterans Administration and community hospitals (1979) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 77, p. 39; 
Carey, J.S., Cuckingnan, R.A., Groner, G.F., Veterans Administration Cooperative Study of surgery for coronary arterial occlusive disease. View from a noncooperating hospital (1979) Circulation, 60, p. 30; 
Collins, J.J., Cohn, L.H., Sonnenblick, E.H., Herman, M.V., Cohn, P.F., Gorlin, R., Determinants of survival after coronary artery bypass surgery (1973) Circulation, 47-48, p. 132; 
Coronary artery bypass surgery in stable angina pectoris: Survival at two years (1979) Lancet, 1, p. 890. , European Coronary Surgery Study Group; 
Friesinger, G.C., Page, E.E., Ross, R.S., Prognostic significance of coronary arteriography (1970) Trans Ass Am Physic, 83, p. 78; 
Gott, V.L., Outlook for patients after coronary artery revascularization (1974) Am J Cardiol, 33, p. 431; 
Green, G.E., Kemp, H.G., Alam, S.E., Pierson, R.N., Friedman, M.I., David, I., Coronary bypass surgery. Five-year follow-up of a consecutive series of 140 patients (1979) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 77, p. 48; 
Isom, O.W., Spencer, F.C., Glassman, E., Cunningham, J.N., Teiko, P., Reed, G.E., Boyd, A.D., Does coronary bypass increase longevity? (1978) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 75, p. 28; 
Jones, J.W., Ochsner, J.L., Mills, N.L., Hughes, L., Impact of multiple variables on operative and extended survival following coronary artery surgery (1978) Surgery, 83, p. 20; 
Jonsell, S., A method for the determination of the heart size by teleroentgenography (a heart volume index) (1939) Acta Radiology (Stockholm), 20, p. 325; 
Kaiser, G.C., Barner, H.B., Tyras, D.H., Codd, J.E., Mudd, J.G., Willman, V.L., Myocardial revascularization: A rebuttal of the cooperative study (1978) Ann Surg, 188, p. 331; 
Kahja, F., Sharma, S.D., Easley, R.M., Heinle, R.A., Goldstein, S., Left main coronary artery lesions. Risk of Catheterization: Exercise testing and surgery (1974) Circulation, 49-50, p. 136; 
Kloster, F.E., Kremkau, E.L., Rahimtoola, S.H., Ritzmann, L.W., Griswold, H.E., Neill, W.A., Rösch, J., Starr, A., Prospective randomized study of coronary bypass surgery for chronic stable angina (1977) Cardiovasc Clin, 8, p. 145; 
Lawrie, G.M., Morris, G.C., Howell, J.F., Ogura, J.W., Spencer, W.H., Cashion, W.R., Winters, W.L., Lie, J.T., Results of coronary bypass more than 5 years after operation in 434 patients. Clinical, treadmill exercise and angiographic correlations (1977) Am J Cardiol, 40, p. 665; 
Loeb, H.S., Pifarre, R., Sullivan, H., Palac, R., Croke, R.P., Gunnar, R.M., Improved survival after surgical therapy for chronic angina pectoris. One hospital's experinece in a randomized trial (1979) Circulation, 60, p. 22; 
Mathur, V.S., Guinn, G.A., Anastassiades, L.C., Chahine, R.A., Korompai, F.L., Montero, A.C., Luchi, R.J., Surgical treatment for stable angina pectoris. Prospective randomized study (1975) N Engl J Med, 292, p. 709; 
Mittler, B.S., Lee, K.L., Rosati, R.A., Surgical versus medical treatment in patients with totally-occluded right and subtotally-occluded left anterior descending coronary arteries (1975) Circulation, 51-52, p. 91; 
Oldham, H.N., Kong, Y., Bartel, A.G., Morris, J.J., Behar, V.S., Peter, R.H., Rosati, R.A., Sabiston, D.S., Risk factors in coronary artery bypass surgery (1972) Arch Surg, 105, p. 918; 
Read, R.C., Murphy, M.L., Hultgren, H.N., Takaro, T., Survival of men treated for chronic stable angina pectoris. A cooperative randomized study (1978) J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 75, p. 1; 
Reeves, T.J., Oberman, A., Jones, W.B., Sheffield, L.T., Natural history of angina pectoris (1974) Am J Cardiol, 33, p. 423; 
Stiles, Q.R., Lindesmith, G.G., Tucker, B.L., Hughes, R.K., Meyer, B.W., Long-term follow-up of patients with coronary artery bypass grafts (1976) Circulation, 54, p. 32
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019501096&doi=10.3109%2f14017438109101022&partnerID=40&md5=1fdff2470e00b24b6ef012259c221e29
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Survey of Queen's university medical graduates
T2  - Ulster Medical Journal
J2  - ULSTER MED. J.
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
SP  - 112
EP  - 125
PY  - 1980
SN  - 00416193 (ISSN) 
AU  - Egerton, E.A.
AB  - Questionnaires were distributed between September and October 1977 to 394 doctors who had graduated from Queen's University in 1950, 1955, 1960, 1965 and 1970, in an attempt to collect information on their chosen specialty/ies and location of practice. Replies were obtained from 357, 88.6% of those believed to be alive. The majority of the respondents (75.9%) were between the ages of 23 and 25 on graduation. Among the 1950 graduates, there was known to be a number of ex-servicemen, although the percentage of 1950 graduates aged 26 or more (24.4%) did not exceed the average percentage for the five cohorts (20.4%) as much as might have been expected. An average of 22% of the respondents were female, an exact reflection of the proportion of the total number of graduates who were female. The vast majority were married (89.6%) and came from Northern Ireland (88.8%). Only 6 (all women) of the 357 respondents were not engaged in some form of medical work at the time of completing the questionnaire. Almost 40% were in general practice; second most popular was anaesthetics with 10.4%, and medicine, surgery and community medicine ranked equally, each attracting 8.1% of the respondents. The sex of the respondents appeared to influence their choice of specialty in that a significant difference was found in the proportion of men and women engaged in community medicine and in surgery. Speaking in terms of percentages, community medicine attracted seven times as many females as males, and surgery attracted seven times as many males as females. All the women who were practising community medicine were either married or widowed, and there is evidence (ref Scottish Council 1979) to support the view that the choice was based primarily on availability of part-time work and compatibility with family commitments. The virtual absence of women in surgery, on the other hand, would appear to be due to an intrinsic lack of interest as well as practical difficulties with inflexible training programmes and domestic responsibilities. Less than half (46.4%) of those resident in Northern Ireland before going to Queen's (317) were still living here; 24.3% were in Great Britain or Eire, and 29.3% were abroad. Of the latter, the greatest concentration (52) was in Canada, 17 were in the United States, 11 were in Australia or New Zealand, and 10 in Africa or Asia. The data indicated a gradual decrease in numbers leaving the province, from approximately 63% of the 'fifties graduates to approximately 44% of the 1970 graduates, at the time of completing the questionnaire in 1977. The vast majority who left did so within eight years of graduation, and the peak period for emigration was within the first three years. The trends in emigration formed a clear pattern, and one that differed from patterns which emerged from similar studies in Great Britain, suggesting an underlying difference in motivating factors. The most commonly quoted reasons for leaving the province were professional advancement, greater job satisfaction and greater financial rewards, in that order. The sectarian violence rated eighth on a list of ten factors influencing the decision to leave. The vast majority of voluntary exiles (over 70%) do not plan to return. Only about 3% had definitely decided to return and many of the remaining 25% of 'possibles' and 'probables' said that the decision depended on a satisfactory outcome to our political problems. The topics which recurred most frequently in the comments made by the respondents were the factors influencing their decision to return to the province and additional information about their past career.
KW  - career
KW  - cohort analysis
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - manpower
KW  - medical education
KW  - methodology
KW  - normal human
KW  - psychological aspect
KW  - questionnaire
KW  - short survey
KW  - university
KW  - Adult
KW  - Data Collection
KW  - Emigration and Immigration
KW  - Female
KW  - Health Manpower
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Northern Ireland
KW  - Students, Medical
N1  - Cited By :5
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: UMJOA
C2  - 7445263
LA  - English
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019186426&partnerID=40&md5=f5f0797fd93cd5f07cbd1230689f767b
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Haemophilus parainfluenzae—An Uncommon Cause of Septicemia and Endocarditis
T2  - Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases
J2  - Scand. J. Infect. Dis.
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
SP  - 85
EP  - 89
PY  - 1980
DO  - 10.3109/inf.1980.12.issue-2.02
SN  - 00365548 (ISSN) 
AU  - Julander, I.
AU  - Lindberg, A.A.
AU  - Svanbom1, M.
AD  - Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Roslagstull Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - Department of Clinical Bacteriology, Karolinska Institutet, Roslagstull Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
AB  - 6 cases of endocarditis and 1 of septicemia caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae have been observed in our hospital from 1970 to 1977, as against no case from 1957 to 1969. The mean age of the patients was 46 years. The clinical picture did not differ from that seen in cases of septicemia and endocarditis from other causes. In 4 cases no underlying heart disease was known. In 2 of them, endocarditis developed in the mitral and in 1 in the aortic valve. Of 3 patients with preexisting heart disease, 2 had involvement of the aortic valve and 1 of the mitral valve. Six patients were cured, 2 or possibly 3 by treatment with ampicillin, 2 with cephalothin, and 1 with co-trimoxazole. In 2 patients intractable heart failure necessitated the insertion of prosthetic valves, and 1 patient died. Thus, cases of septicemia and endocarditis due to H. parainfluenzae have been observed only in recent years and they appear to be serious infections. © 1980, Informa UK Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - article
KW  - bacterial endocarditis
KW  - bacterial infection
KW  - follow up
KW  - human
KW  - septicemia
KW  - bacterial endocarditis
KW  - bacterium culture
KW  - blood and hemopoietic system
KW  - drug administration
KW  - drug sensitivity
KW  - drug therapy
KW  - endocarditis
KW  - haemophilus parahemolyticus
KW  - heart
KW  - in vitro study
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - sepsis
KW  - septicemia
KW  - therapy
KW  - Endocarditis, Bacterial
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Haemophilus Infections
KW  - Human
KW  - Septicemia
KW  - ampicillin
KW  - carbenicillin
KW  - cefalexin
KW  - cefalotin
KW  - cefamandole
KW  - cefazolin
KW  - cefradine
KW  - chloramphenicol
KW  - cotrimoxazole
KW  - gentamicin
KW  - penicillin g
KW  - streptomycin
KW  - sulfamethoxazole
KW  - trimethoprim
N1  - Cited By :9
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 7375829
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Julander, I.; Roslagstull Hospital, Box 5901, S-11489 Stockholm, Sweden
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: ampicillin, 69-52-3, 69-53-4, 7177-48-2, 74083-13-9, 94586-58-0; carbenicillin, 17230-86-3, 4697-36-3, 4800-94-6; cefalexin, 15686-71-2, 23325-78-2; cefalotin, 153-61-7, 58-71-9; cefamandole, 30034-03-8, 34444-01-4; cefazolin, 25953-19-9, 27164-46-1; cefradine, 38821-53-3, 57584-26-6; chloramphenicol, 134-90-7, 2787-09-9, 56-75-7; cotrimoxazole, 8064-90-2; gentamicin, 1392-48-9, 1403-66-3, 1405-41-0; penicillin G, 1406-05-9, 61-33-6; streptomycin, 57-92-1; sulfamethoxazole, 723-46-6; trimethoprim, 738-70-5
N1  - References: Blair, C.D., Walker, W., Sodeman, I., Pagano, I., Bacterial endocarditis due to Haemophilus parainfluenzae. , 2, p. 146. , Chest, 1977; Chunn, C.J., Jones, S.R., MacCutchan, J.A., Young, E.J., Gilbert, D.N., Haemophilus parainfluenzae infective endocarditis. Medicine (Baltimore) 56:99, 1977; Editorial. Haemophilus endocarditis. , 1, p. 1349. , Lancet, 1977; Ericsson, H.M., Sherris, J.C., Antibiotic sensitivity testing. Report of an international collaborative study. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand (B), Suppl. 217, 1971; Geraci, J.E., Wilkowske, C.J., Wilson, W.R., Washington, J.A., Haemophilus endocarditis. Report of 14 patients. Mayo Clin Proc 52:209, 1977; Jailing, B., Malmborg, A.-S., Lindman, A., Boréus, L.D., Evaluation of a micromethod for determination of antibiotic concentration in plasma. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 4:150, 1972; Kilian, M.J., A taxonomic study of the genus Haemophilus with the proposal of a new species. J Gen Microbiol 93:9, 1976; Lynn, D.J., Kane, J.G., Parker, P.H., Haemophilus parainfluenzae and influenzae endocarditis: A review of forty cases. , 56, p. 115. , Medicine (Baltimore), 1977; Svanbom, M., Strandell, T., Bacterial endocarditis. , 10, p. 193. , I. A prospective study of etiology, underlying factors and foci of infection. Scand J Infect Dis, 1978; Svanbom, M., Septicemia. I. A prospective study of etiology, underlying factors and foci of infection. Scand J Infect Dis 11:187, 1979; Septicemia. II. A prospective study of clinical manifestations and complications results of antimicrobial treatment and a report of a follow-up study. Scand J Infect Dis. In pressUR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0018908339&doi=10.3109%2finf.1980.12.issue-2.02&partnerID=40&md5=5bf07ecec096a94d8e0ae77c7d2f62b8
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Child health and education in the seventies: some results on the 5-year follow up of the 1970 British Births Cohort.
T2  - Health Visitor
J2  - Health Visit
VL  - 53
IS  - 3
SP  - 81
EP  - 82
PY  - 1980
SN  - 00179140 (ISSN) 
AU  - Butler, N.
KW  - article
KW  - child
KW  - child development
KW  - child health care
KW  - community care
KW  - education
KW  - human
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Child
KW  - Child Development
KW  - Child Health Services
KW  - Community Health Services
KW  - Education
KW  - Great Britain
KW  - Human
N1  - Cited By :2
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 6898582
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Butler, N.
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0018990786&partnerID=40&md5=4ea626843b3a2f04f5d7decf639907d9
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Mortality and life expectancy after hip fractures
T2  - Acta Orthopaedica
J2  - Acta Orthop.
VL  - 51
IS  - 1-6
SP  - 163
EP  - 170
PY  - 1980
DO  - 10.3109/17453678008990781
SN  - 17453674 (ISSN) 
AU  - Dahl, E.
AD  - Department of Surgery, Haugesund Hospital, Norway
AB  - Follow-up data for at least 4 years was collected for 675 patients treated for hip fractures in the period 1961-1970. Compared with a series from the same hospital for the years 1948-1957 the number of patients had more than doubled and a higher hospital mortality was encountered, but the 4-year survival rate was unchanged. the mortality after hip fracture was found to be related to the age and sex of the patient and to the nature and number of associated diseases. the mortality rate was found to be high in the first 2 months following the fracture, but patients surviving the second month showed no excess mortality during the following 4 years, having the same life expectancy as the general population. © 1980 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - Femoral neck fractures
KW  - Hip fractures
KW  - Long-term survival
KW  - Mortality
KW  - age
KW  - bone
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - geographic distribution
KW  - hip fracture
KW  - injury
KW  - joint
KW  - life expectancy
KW  - major clinical study
KW  - mortality
KW  - short survey
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Female
KW  - Femoral Neck Fractures
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Hip Fractures
KW  - Human
KW  - Life Expectancy
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Sex Factors
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :135
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
C2  - 7376837
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Dahl, E.; Sentralsjukehuset i Rogaland, Avdeling Stavanger Sjukehus, Kir. avd., 4000, Stavanger, Norway
N1  - References: Abrami, G., Stevens, J., Early weight bearing after internal fixation of transcervical fracture of the femur (1964) J. Bone Jt Surg, 46-B, pp. 204-205; 
Ainsworth, T.H., Jr, Immediate full weight-bearing in the treatment of hip fractures (1971) J. Trauma, 11, pp. 1031-1039; 
Alffram, P.-A., An epidemiologic study of cervical and trochanteric fractures of the femur in an urban population (1964) Acta orthop. scand; 
Attenborough, C.G., Fractures near the hip (1977) Geriatric orthopaedics, , M. Devas, Ed., Academic Press, London; 
Barnes, R., Brown, J.T., Garden, R.S., Nicoll, E.A., Subcapital fractures of the femur (1976) J. Bonejt Surg, 58-B, pp. 2-24; 
Beals, R.K., Survival following hip fracture (1972) J. chron. Dis, 25, pp. 235-244; 
Camblin, J.G., Five year retrospective study of femoral neck fractures (1974) Ulster med. J, 43, pp. 136-142; 
Clark, A.N.G., Wainwright, D., Management of the fractured neck of femur in the elderly female (1966) Geront. din. (Basel), 8, pp. 321-326; 
Colbert, D.S., O'Muircheartaigh, I., Mortality after hip fracture and assessment of some contributory factors (1976) Irish J. med. sci, 145, pp. 44-50; 
Dahl, E., Mikkelsen, O.A., Wear of the polyethylene head of the Oscobal prosthesis (1976) Acta orthop. scand, 47, pp. 643-647; 
Devas, M.B., Geriatric orthopaedics (1974) Brit. med. J, 1, pp. 190-192; 
Evans, J.G., Fractured proximal femur in Newcastle upon Tyne (1979) Age Ageing, 8, pp. 16-24; 
Falch, J., Ilebekk, A., Brudd i 0vre femurende (1978) T. norske Laegeforen, 98, pp. 738-739; 
Fitts, W.T., Jr, Lehr, H.B., Schor, S., Roberts, B., Life expectancy after fracture of the hip (1959) Surg. Gynec. Obstet, 108, pp. 7-12; 
Garden, R.S., Low-angle fixation in fractures of the femoral neck (1961) J. Bone Jt Surg, 43-B, pp. 647-663; 
Gordon, P.C., The probability of death following a fracture of the hip (1971) Canad. med. Ass. J, 105, pp. 47-51. , 62; 
Graham, J., Early or delayed weight-bearing after internal fixation of transcervical fracture of the femur (1968) J. Bonejt Surg, 50-B, pp. 562-569; 
Häggquist, S.-O., Results of early weight-bearing in cases of operated subcapital femoral neck fractures (1969) Acta orthop. scand, 40, pp. 684-685; 
Hansen, N., Neidhardt, F.O., Letaliteten ved fractura colli femoris (1970) Ugeskr. Laeg, 37, pp. 1709-1714; 
Katz, S., Heiple, K.G., Downs, T.D., Ford, A.B., Scott, C.P., Long term course of 147 patients with fracture of the hip (1967) Surg. Gynec. Obstet, 124, pp. 1219-1230; 
Lindholm, T.S., Puronvarsi, U., Lindholm, R.V., Fractures of the proximal end of the femur with fatal outcome in geriatric patients (1971) Acta chir. scand, 137, pp. 778-781; 
Lorhan, P.H., Shelby, E.A., Factors influencing mortality in hip fractures (1964) Anesth. Analg. Curr. Res, 43, pp. 539-543; 
Manpel, J., Marzulli, V., Boley, S.J., The fractured hip, a complication of aging (1961) Arch. Surg, 82, pp. 474-477; 
Meyn, M.A., Jr, Hopson, C., Jayasankar, S., Fractures of the hip in the institutionalized psychotic patient (1977) Clin. Orthop, 122, pp. 128-134; 
Mikkelsen, O.A., Langholm, O., Life expectancy after hip fractures in the aged (1964) Acta chir. scand, 127, pp. 46-56; 
Miller, C.W., Survival and ambulation following hip fracture (1978) J. Bone Jt Surg, 60-A, pp. 930-933; 
Muckle, D.S., Prosthetic replacement of the femoral head (1977) Femoral neck fractures and hip joint injuries, , D. S. Muckle, Ed., Chapman and Hall, London; 
Niemann, K.M.W., Mankin, H.J., Fractures about the hip in an institutionalized patient population (1968) J. Bone Jt Surg, 50-A, pp. 1327-1340; 
Nieminen, S., Early weightbearing after classical internal fixation of medial fractures of the femoral neck (1975) Acta orthop. scand, 46, pp. 782-794; 
Ramstad, K.R., Fractura pertrochanterica et fractura colli femoris (1966) T. norske Laegeforen, 86, pp. 1619-1623; 
Reno, J.H., Burlington, H., Fractures of the hip-Mortality survey (1958) Amer. J. Surg, 95, pp. 581-592; 
Riska, E.B., Factors influencing the primary mortality in the treatment of hip fractures (1970) Injury, 2, pp. 107-115; 
Schenk, W.G., Jr, Smith, R.G., Stephens, J.G., The fractured hip-a major surgical and sociologic problem (1956) Amer. J. Surg, 91, pp. 618-620; 
Shaftan, G.W., Herbsman, H., Pavlides, C., Selective conservatism in hip fractures (1967) Surgery, 61, pp. 524-527; 
Simons, M., Limbosch, J.M., Mortalite dans les fractures du col femoral (1969) Acta orthop. belg, 35, pp. 849-857; 
Sweet, M.B.E., Zwi, S., Mendelow, A., Kotler, M.N., Graham, W.D., Fractured neck of femur. Associated morbidity and mortality (1967) S. Afr. J. Surg, 5, pp. 57-64; 
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UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0018840763&doi=10.3109%2f17453678008990781&partnerID=40&md5=c0556f9963ed6b4f0d8525e650d7b0c4
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Heroin activity in New York City, 1970-1978
T2  - American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
J2  - Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse
VL  - 7
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 335
EP  - 346
PY  - 1980
DO  - 10.3109/00952998008993431
SN  - 00952990 (ISSN) 
AU  - Des Jarlais, D.C.
AU  - Uppal, G.S.
AD  - New York State Division of Substance Abuse Services, New York, NY 10047, United States
AB  - Heroin activity in New York City is traced from 1970 through 1978 using a variety of indicators. A steady decline in the number of new "intensive" users (those who required treatment) is noted, beginning around 1970. Various possible explanations of this decline are examined. Reductions in the supply of heroin or in the demand for heroin do not appear to be causes of the decline in new users, as these reductions occurred after the decline in new users had already begun. Demographic changes-the passing of the baby boom cohort through the period of highest risk of beginning heroin use-also does not appear to be a viable explanation, as trends in use of other drugs do not show a decline. Changes in attitudes toward heroin as a specific drug are left as the most plausible explanation of the decline in the number of new intensive heroin users. © 1980 Informa UK Ltd All rights reserved: reproduction in whole or part not permitted.
KW  - diamorphine
KW  - central nervous system
KW  - drug abuse
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - Attitude
KW  - Heroin
KW  - Heroin Dependence
KW  - Human
KW  - New York City
KW  - Risk
KW  - Time Factors
PB  - Informa Healthcare
N1  - Cited By :9
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: AJDAB
C2  - 7258166
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Des Jarlais, D.C.; New York State Division of Substance Abuse Services, New York, NY 10047, United States
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: diamorphine, 1502-95-0, 561-27-3; Heroin, 561-27-3
N1  - References: Boyle, J.M., Brunswick, A.F., What Happened in Harlem?: Analysis of a Decline in Heroin Use Among a Generation Unit of Urban Black Youth (1978) Paper Delivered at the Conference on the Utilization of Research in Drug Policy Making, , Washington, D.C., May, 3–5; 
Cohen, S., (1978) Drug Alcohol Depend, p. 8. , January, Presentation to PACT/NADAP; 
Dupont, R., Greene, M., The dynamics of a heroin addiction epidemic (1973) Science, 181, pp. 716-722; 
Greene, M.H., An epidemiological assessment of heroin use (1974) Am. J. Public Health, 64, pp. 1-10; 
Hunt, L., (1974) Recent Spread of Heroin Use in the United States: Unanswered Questions, , Drug Abuse Council, Washington, D.C; 
Johnston, D.F., The aging of the baby boom cohorts (1976) Stat. Rep, 76-9, pp. 161-165. , March; 
Kandel, D., (1978) Longitudinal Research on Drug Use, , Hemisphere, Washington, D.C; 
Katz, D., Kahn, R., (1966) The Social Psychology of Scoial Organizations, , Wiley, New York; 
Lyle, J., (1980), U.S. Department of State, Personal Communication; (1976) Heroin Indicators Trend Report, , National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, Maryland, July 1976; 
(1978) Proceedings of the Community Correspondents Group: Meeting Five, , National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, Maryland, December, 6–8, 1978; 
(1978) Monitoring Heroin Indicator Trends in New York State: The Epidemiological Monitoring Systems Project, , New York State Division of Substance Abuse Services, Albany, New York, June; 
(1978) Drug Use in New York State: A Report on the Nonmedical Use of Drugs Among the New York State Household Population, , New York State Division of Substance Abuse Services, Albany, New York, December; 
O'Donnell, J.A., (1976) Young Men and Drugs-A Nationwide Survey, , NIDA Research Monograph 5, Rockville, Maryland, February
UR  - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-0019276121&doi=10.3109%2f00952998008993431&partnerID=40&md5=f947718fde3cd1d4f34553001c2e7b46
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
TI  - Chemotherapy of advanced Hodgkin's disease
T2  - Seminars in Oncology
J2  - Semin. Oncol.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
SP  - 155
EP  - 173
PY  - 1980
SN  - 00937754 (ISSN) 
AU  - Coltman Jr., C.A.
AD  - Clinical Medical Oncology Section, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, San Antonio, Tex, United States
AB  - The benchmark studies of DeVita and associates29 29 DeVita VT, Serpick AA, Carbone PP: Combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease, Ann Intern Med 73:881-895 197035 35 DeVita VTCanellos GPMoxley JH: A decade of combination chemotherapy of advanced Hodgkin's disease. Cancer 30:1495-1504 197260 60 DeVita VTLewis BVRozencweig Met al: The chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease: Past experience and future directions. Cancer 42:979-990 1978 have made a major impact on the survival of patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease. Those data have been confirmed by a number of investigators.31 31 Bernard JBoiron MGoguel Aet al: Traitement de la maladie de Hodgkin par une polychimiotherapie associant moutarde a l'azotevincristinemethylhydrazine et prednisone. La Presse Med 52:2647-2649 196734 34 Mbidde EK, Nkwocha J, et al: Chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease. Lancet 2:1397 19743537 37 Frei ELuce JKGamble JFet al: Combination chemotherapy in advanced Hodgkin's disease. Induction and maintenance of remission. Ann Intern Med 79:376-382 1973.38 38 Coltman CA JrFrei E IIIDelaney FC: Effectiveness of actinomycin (A)methotrexate (MTX) and vinblastine (V) in prolonging the duration of combination chemotherapy (MOPP) induced remission in advanced Hodgkin's disease (HD). Proc ASCO9:78 1973.40 40 Focan CBricteux NLemaire Met al: Combination chemotherapy in Hodgkin's disease at advanced stages. Acta Clin Belg 4:298-309 1975. Furthermore, MOPP has been compared with the single agent nitrogen mustard44 44 Huguley CM JrDurant JRMoores RRet al: A comparison of nitrogen mustardvincristineprocarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) vs. nitrogen mustard in advanced Hodgkin's disease. Cancer 36:1227-1240 1975. and shown to be significantly betterwith respect to complete response ratedurationand survival. No other regimen has been proven to be superior to MOPP in head-to-head comparison.42 42 Nissen NIStutzman LHolland JFet al: Chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease in studies by Acute Leukemia Group B. Arch Intern Med 13:396-401 1973.43 43 Bonadonna GZucali RMonfardino Set al: Combination chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease with adriamycin, bleomycinvinblastineand imidazole carboxamide versus MOPP. Cancer 36:252-259 1975.45 45 British National Lymphoma Investigation: Value of prednisone in combination chemotherapy of stage IV Hodgkin's disease. Br J Med 3:413-414 1975.46 46 Cooper MRSpurg CLGlidengild Oet al: The superiority of a nitrosourea (CCNU) containing four drug combination over MOPP in the treatment of stage III and IV Hodgkin's disease. Proc Am Soc Hematol 18:60 1975.47 47 Bennett JMBakemeier RFCarbone PPet al: Clinical trials with BCNU (NSC-409962) in malignant lymphomas by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Cancer Treat Rev 60:737-745 1976.48 48 Jacobs CPortlock CSRosenberg SA: Prednisone in MOPP chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Br Med J 2:1469-1471 1976.50 50 Nissen NIPajak TFGlidewell Oet al: A comparative study of a BCNU containing 4-drug program versus MOPP versus 3-drug combinations in advanced Hodgkin's disease. A cooperative study by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B. Cancer 43:31-40 1979. A variety of alternatives to MOPP as primary treatment have been developed51 51 Nicholson WMBeard MEVCrowther Det al: Combination chemotherapy in generalized Hodgkin's disease. Br J Med 3:7-10 1970.52 52 Eckhardt SDobrentey EBodrogi I: Results obtained with combination therapy of VM-26natulan and prednisolone in generalized Hodgkin's disease. Chemotherapy 21:248-254 1975.53 53 Bloomfield CDWeiss RBFortuny Iet al: Combined chemotherapy with cyclophosphamidevinblastineprocarbazine, and prednisone (CVPP) for patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease. An alternative program to MOPP. Cancer 38:42-48 1976.54 54 Diggs CHWiernik PHLevi JAet al: Cyclophosphamide, vinblastineprocarbazine and prednisone with CCNU and vinblastine maintenance for advanced Hodgkin's disease. Cancer 39:1949-1954 1977.55 55 Harrison DTNeiman PE: Primary treatment of disseminated Hodgkin's disease with BCNU alone and in combination with vincristineprocarbazineand prednisone. Cancer Treat Rep 61:789-795 1977.56 56 McElwain TJToy JSmith Eet al: A combination of chlorambucilvinblastineprocarbazine and prednisolone for treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Br J Cancer 36:276-280 1977.57 57 Sutcliffe SBWrigley PFMPeto Jet al: MVPP chemotherapy regimen for advanced Hodgkin's disease Br Med J 1:679-683 1978.58 58 Durant JRGams RAVelez-Garcia Eet al: BCNU, velbancyclophosphamideprocarbazineand prednisone (BVCPP) in advanced Hodgkin's disease. Cancer 42:2101-2110 1978.59 59 Morgenfeld MSomoza NMagnasco Jet al: Combined chemotherapy cyclophosphamidevinblastine, procarbazine and prednisone (CVPP) vs. CVPP plus CCNU (CCVPP) in Hodgkin's disease. Cancer 43:1579-1586 1979. and comparable results have been achievedbut few studies have sufficient follow-up for definitive statements concerning disease-free and overall survival compared with MOPP. The salvage treatment of MOPP failures, invoking non-cross-resistant combinationshas been reported by many investigators.62 62 Goldman JMDawson AA: Combination therapy for advanced resistant Hodgkin's disease. Lancet 2:1225-1227 1975.63 63 Osieka RBruntsch UGallmeier WMet al: Post-MOPP-chemotherapie des Morbus Hodgkin. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 32:1177-1182 1976.64 64 Lokich JJFrei EJaffe Net al: New multiple-agent chemotherapy (B-DOPA) for advanced Hodgkin's disease. Cancer 38:667-671 1976.65 65 Levi JAWiernik PHDiggs CH: Combination chemotherapy of advanced previously treated Hodgkin's disease with streptozotocinCCNUadriamycin and bleomycin. Med Ped Oncol 3:33-35 1977.66 66 Vinciguerra VColeman MJarowski CIet al: A new combination chemotherapy for resistant Hodgkin's disease. JAMA 237:33-35 1977.67 67 Case DC JrYoung CWLee BJ III: Combination chemotherapy of MOPP-resistant Hodgkin's disease with adriamycinbleomycindecarbazineand vinblastine (ABDV). Cancer 39:1382-1386 1977.68 68 Williams SDEinhorn LH: Combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin and lomustine. Treatment of refractory Hodgkin's disease. JAMA 238:1659-1661 1977.69 69 Peterson JAmare M: Hodgkin's disease. Combination chemotherapy in resistant Hodgkin's disease. J Kans Med Soc November 1977p 466.70 70 Clamon GHCorder MP: ABVP treatment of MOPP failures with Hodgkin's disease: A re-examination of goals or salvage therapy. Cancer Treat Rep 63:363-367 1978.71 71 Krikorian JGPortlock CSRossenberg SA: Treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease with adriamycinbleomycin, vinblastine and imidazole carboxamide (ABVD) after failure of MOPP therapy. Cancer 41:2107-2111 1978.72 72 Rossof AHKerr ROBraine HGet al: A kinetically designed chemotherapeutic regimen for advanced refractory lymphoma patients. Med Ped Oncol 4:133-139 1978.73 73 Porzig KJPortlock CSRobertson Aet al: Treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease with B-Cave following MOPP failure. Cancer 41:1670-1675 1978.74 74 Santoro ABonadonna G: Prolonged disease-free survival in MOPP-resistant Hodgkin's disease after treatment with adriamycinbleomycinvinblastine and dacarbazine (ABVD). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2:101-105 1979.75 75 Fisher RIDeVita VTHubbard SPet al: Prolonged disease-free survival in Hodgkin's disease with MOPP reinduction after first relapse. Ann Intern Med 90:761-763 1979. In generalthe complete response rates are low and the disease-free and median survival data are skimpy. The two best programs with respect to complete response duration are B-DOPA64 and ABVD,74 although in additional trialsthese data have been brought into question.697071 The most complete datahoweverare those of Santoro et al.74 in which 21 MOPP failures were treated with a complete response rate of 62% and a 70% disease-free and a 73% overall survival at 3 yr. It is clear from that there are important prognostic factors influencing complete responseresponse durationand survival in patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease. Because of the influence of these prognostic factorsand because most studies have not been stratified with respect to those factors that predict for responseresponse durationand survivalthe interpretation of many studies is done with considerable difficulty. The question of the value of additional therapy beyond induction has been clearly settledas long as patients have sufficient induction treatment to achieve a pathologically documented complete response. Finallymost recent studies with radiotherapy in addition to chemotherapy in advanced disease, particularly those in which low-dose radiotherapy is directed to areas of major bulk disease, have shown an ability to reduce the 34% recurrence at 5 yr60 to an 8% recurrence at 5 yr.83 83 Prosnitz LRFarber LRFischer JJet al: Long term remission with combined modality therapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease. Cancer 37:2826-2833 1976. Although we have not developed a chemotherapy regimen that has improved on the complete response rate of MOPPradiotherapyto prevent relapseis an extremely important lead for the future management of Hodgkin's disease. © 1980.
KW  - altretamine
KW  - bleomycin
KW  - carmustine
KW  - chlorambucil
KW  - chlormethine
KW  - cyclophosphamide
KW  - dacarbazine
KW  - dactinomycin
KW  - dichloromethotrexate
KW  - doxorubicin
KW  - etoposide
KW  - imidazole
KW  - lomustine
KW  - mitoguazone
KW  - prednisone
KW  - procarbazine
KW  - semustine
KW  - streptozocin
KW  - teniposide
KW  - thiotepa
KW  - uramustine
KW  - vinblastine
KW  - vinblastine sulfate
KW  - vincristine
KW  - vincristine sulfate
KW  - 2,5 piperazinedione
KW  - age
KW  - cancer chemotherapy
KW  - cancer combination chemotherapy
KW  - hodgkin disease
KW  - radiotherapy
KW  - reticuloendothelial system
KW  - review
KW  - therapy
KW  - Adolescent
KW  - Adult
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Aged
KW  - Antineoplastic Agents
KW  - Clinical Trials
KW  - Comparative Study
KW  - Drug Therapy, Combination
KW  - Female
KW  - Follow-Up Studies
KW  - Hodgkin Disease
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
KW  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
N1  - Cited By :35
N1  - Export Date: 8 December 2017
M3  - Article
DB  - Scopus
N1  - CODEN: SOLGA
C2  - 7003716
LA  - English
N1  - Correspondence Address: Coltman Jr., C.A.; Clinical Medical Oncology Section, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, San Antonio, Tex, United States
N1  - Chemicals/CAS: altretamine, 15468-34-5, 2975-00-0, 645-05-6; bleomycin, 11056-06-7; carmustine, 154-93-8; chlorambucil, 305-03-3; chlormethine, 51-75-2, 55-86-7, 82905-71-3; cyclophosphamide, 50-18-0; dacarbazine, 4342-03-4; dactinomycin, 1402-38-6, 1402-58-0, 50-76-0; dichloromethotrexate, 528-74-5; doxorubicin, 23214-92-8, 25316-40-9; etoposide, 33419-42-0; imidazole, 1467-16-9, 288-32-4; lomustine, 13010-47-4; mitoguazone, 459-86-9; prednisone, 53-03-2; procarbazine, 366-70-1, 671-16-9; semustine, 13909-09-6; streptozocin, 18883-66-4; teniposide, 29767-20-2; thiotepa, 52-24-4; uramustine, 66-75-1; vinblastine sulfate, 143-67-9; vinblastine, 865-21-4; vincristine sulfate, 2068-78-2; vincristine, 57-22-7; Antineoplastic Agents
N1  - Tradenames: oncovin; velban
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Coltman CA JrGams RAGlick JHet al: Cooperative group lymphoma research: A progress report (in press); Gold, Schnider, Salvin, The use of mechlorethaminecyclophosphamide and uracil mustard in neoplastic disease: A cooperative study (1970) J Clin Pharmacol, 10, pp. 110-120; 
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Stolinsky, Solomon, Weiner, Results with CCNU in resistant Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (1976) Oncology, 33, pp. 271-273; 
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